<PAGE> 1
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-13196
DESC, S.A. DE C.V.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
NOT APPLICABLE
(TRANSLATION OF REGISTRANT'S NAME INTO ENGLISH)
UNITED MEXICAN STATES
(JURISDICTION OF INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION)
PASEO DE LOS TAMARINDOS 400-B
BOSQUES DE LAS LOMAS
05120 MEXICO, D.F., MEXICO
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
SECURITIES REGISTERED OR TO BE REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b)
OF THE ACT.
NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE
TITLE OF EACH CLASS ON WHICH REGISTERED
------------------- -------------------
American Depositary Shares, each representing
Twenty Series C Shares of the Registrant New York Stock Exchange
Series C Shares, without expression of par value,
of the Registrant* New York Stock Exchange
SECURITIES REGISTERED OR TO BE REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g)
OF THE ACT.
None
SECURITIES FOR WHICH THERE IS A REPORTING OBLIGATION PURSUANT TO
SECTION 15(d) OF THE ACT.
Dine, S.A. de C.V.'s 8 3/4% Guaranteed Notes due 2007
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes
of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report:
Series A Common Stock: 620,400,900 shares
Series B Common Stock: 554,096,760 shares
Series C Common Stock: 317,865,765 shares
(As of December 31, 1998)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes X No
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has
elected to follow.
Item 17 Item 18 X
* Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American
Depositary Shares.
<PAGE> 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Page
----
<S> <C>
PART I
Item 1. Description of Business.....................................................6
Item 2. Description of Property....................................................30
Item 3. Legal Proceedings..........................................................30
Item 4. Control of Registrant......................................................30
Item 5. Nature of Trading Market...................................................31
Item 6. Exchange Rates and Other Limitations Affecting
Security Holders...........................................................33
Item 7. Taxation...................................................................35
Item 8. Selected Financial Data....................................................39
Item 9. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations........................................46
Item 9A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures
About Market Risk..........................................................66
Item 10. Directors and Officers of Registrant.......................................68
Item 11. Compensation of Directors and Officers.....................................71
Item 12. Options to Purchase Securities from Registrant or
Subsidiaries...............................................................72
Item 13. Interest of Management in Certain Transactions.............................72
PART II
Item 14. Description of Securities to be Registered.................................73
PART III
Item 15. Defaults Upon Senior Securities............................................73
Item 16. Changes in Securities and Changes in Security for
Registered Securities......................................................73
PART IV
Item 17. Financial Statements........................................................*
Item 18. Financial Statements.......................................................73
Item 19. Financial Statements and Exhibits..........................................73
</TABLE>
* The Registrant has responded to Item 18 in lieu of this Item.
2
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Desc, S.A. de C.V. was organized under the laws of Mexico in 1973 under
the name "Desc, Sociedad de Fomento Industrial, S.A. de C.V." On April 28, 1994,
we changed our name to "Desc, S.A. de C.V." Our executive offices are located at
Paseo de los Tamarindos 400-B, Bosques de las Lomas, 05120 Mexico, D.F., Mexico,
and our telephone number at that address is (525) 261-8000.
PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION
In this annual report:
- "Agrobios" means Agrobios, S.A. de C.V., a wholly-owned subsidiary
of Desc engaged in the food business;
- "Dine" means Dine, S.A. de C.V., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Desc
engaged in the real estate business;
- "Dollars" and "$" refer to the currency of the United States of
America;
- "Financial Statements" means Desc's audited consolidated financial
statements for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996;
- "GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles in the
indicated country;
- "Girsa" means Girsa, S.A. de C.V., a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Desc engaged in the petrochemicals and diversified products
businesses;
- "Mexico" means the United Mexican States;
- "Mexican Government" means the Mexican federal government;
- "NCPI" means the Mexican National Consumers Price Index, a measure
of inflation in Mexico;
- "Noon Buying Rate" means the noon buying rate in New York City for
cable transfers in Pesos as certified for customs purposes by the
U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, expressed in Pesos per $1.00;
- "Pesos" and "Ps." refer to the currency of Mexico. Except as
otherwise indicated, all Peso amounts reflect thousands of Pesos;
- "SEC" means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission;
- "Unik" means Unik, S.A. de C.V., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Desc
engaged in the automotive parts business; and
- "we," "our," "us" and similar terms, as well as "Desc," mean Desc,
S.A. de C.V. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context
indicates otherwise.
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Our fiscal year ends on December 31 of each year, and references to
"fiscal year" reflect a 52-week period.
Our consolidated financial statements are expressed in Pesos and prepared
in accordance with Mexican GAAP, which differ from U.S. GAAP in significant
respects, in particular by requiring Mexican companies to recognize effects of
inflation. Please see notes 16, 17 and 18 to our financial statements for a
discussion of the principal differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP as
they relate to Desc.
The Mexican Institute of Public Accountants has issued Bulletin B-10,
"Recognition of the Effects of Inflation on Financial Information", as amended,
and Bulletin B-12, "Statement of Changes in Financial Position". These bulletins
outline the inflation accounting methodology mandatory for all Mexican companies
reporting under Mexican GAAP. Mexican GAAP provide for the recognition of
effects of inflation by restating nonmonetary assets and liabilities using the
NCPI, restating the components of stockholders' equity using the NCPI and
recording gains or losses in purchasing power due to the holding of monetary
liabilities or assets. Mexican GAAP also require that all financial information
be presented in constant Pesos, having the same purchasing power for each period
indicated taking into account inflation, as of the date of the most recent
balance sheet presented. The effect of these inflation accounting principles has
not been reversed in the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. The annual rates of
inflation in Mexico, as measured by changes in the NCPI, were 7.1% in 1994,
52.0% in 1995, 27.7% in 1996, 15.7% in 1997 and 18.6% in 1998.
In this annual report, all financial data presented in Pesos for all
periods in the Financial Statements, unless otherwise indicated, have been
restated in constant Pesos as of December 31, 1998. Dollar amounts, unless
otherwise indicated, are stated on a nominal, that is, noninflation adjusted,
basis, except for convenience translations of Peso amounts.
Solely for your convenience, this annual report contains translations of
Peso amounts into Dollars. We have used an exchange rate of Ps.9.9395 per Dollar
for these translations, which is the exchange rate quoted by Banco de Mexico on
December 31, 1998. The Noon Buying Rate was Ps. 9.90 per $1.00 on December 31,
1998. Translations contained in this annual report do not constitute
representations that the stated Peso amounts actually represent Dollar amounts
or vice versa, or that amounts could be or could have been converted into
Dollars or Pesos, as the case may be, at any particular rate.
Beginning with our 1998 consolidated financial statements, we have
changed the segments that we previously used to report Girsa's operations to
reflect more accurately the markets where Girsa's products ultimately are sold.
As a result of the new reporting segments, Girsa's "petrochemical" segment
includes synthetic rubber, polystyrene, phenol, and carbon black. A second
segment, Girsa's "diversified products" segment, includes phosphates, natural
pigments, acrylics, laminate plastics, particle board, water proofing products
and adhesives. Accordingly, in this annual report, we have restated our
financial information for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996, 1995 and 1994
to reflect the change in the reporting segments.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSES OF THE "SAFE HARBOR"
PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
This annual report includes "forward-looking statements," as that term is
defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These
forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking
terminology such as "estimate," "project," "believe," "anticipate," "intend,"
"expect," "plan," "may," "will," "would," "could," or "should" or the negative
of these words or other variations of these words or other similar expressions.
These forward-looking statements reflect the views of our management with
respect to our future financial performance and future events. All
forward-looking statements contained in this annual report, including those
presented with numerical specificity, however, are uncertain. They are based on
assumptions and affected by risks and uncertainties that could cause actual
results to differ materially from our expectations described in these
forward-looking statements. These factors include, among other things, the
following:
- changes in the Mexican economy, including rates of inflation,
economic growth and currency fluctuations;
- Mexican political instability, including the reversal of market
oriented reforms and economic recovery measures or the failure of
those reforms and measures to achieve their goals;
- adverse changes in the prices of our products in the international
markets or on the costs of our inputs;
- competitive product and pricing pressures in both the domestic and
international markets; and
- foreign currency rate fluctuations and fluctuations in other
market rate sensitive instruments to which we are a party.
We caution readers not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking
statements. We do not undertake any obligation or intend to publicly update or
revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information,
future events or otherwise.
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PART I
ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Desc, one of the largest companies in Mexico, is a diversified holding
company engaged in five principal lines of business: automotive parts,
petrochemicals, diversified products, food and real estate. All of these
businesses are conducted through our four principal wholly-owned subsidiaries:
Unik, Agrobios, Girsa and Dine. Each of our four principal subsidiaries is a
holding company with no significant operations and collectively they control or
own majority interests in more than 100 companies.
The following charts depict the percentage of our 1998 consolidated net
sales and operating income by business segment:
1998 NET SALES BY SEGMENT
AS A PERCENTAGE OF CONSOLIDATED NET SALES
[PIE CHART]
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Diversified
Automotive Parts Petrochemicals Real Estate Products Food Total
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
42% 16% 3% 16% 23% Ps.21,388,358
</TABLE>
1998 OPERATING INCOME BY SEGMENT
AS A PERCENTAGE OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATING INCOME(1)
[PIE CHART]
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Diversified
Automotive Parts Petrochemicals Real Estate Products Food Total
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
44% 20% 8% 15% 14% Ps.3,085,192
</TABLE>
(1) Percentages sum to more than 100% because operating expenses of Ps.30,290
(1%) allocable to Desc, the holding company, are not included.
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The following chart depicts the percentage of book value of our
investments in each of our business segments at December 31, 1998:
DESC PORTFOLIO AT BOOK VALUE
[PIE CHART]
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Girsa
Unik (Petrochemicals and Dine Agrobios
(Automotive Parts) Diversified Products) (Real Estate) (Food) Total
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
34% 25% 21% 20% Ps. 27,526,337
</TABLE>
AUTOMOTIVE PARTS
Our automotive parts business, which is conducted through our
wholly-owned subsidiary Unik, manufactures 42 different types of automotive
products, including light, medium and heavy duty manual transmissions and
clutches, constant velocity joints, rear and front traction axles, motor valves
and tappets, pistons and piston pins, pick-up truck bodies and other stamped
metal products, propeller shafts, steel and aluminum wheels, gears, gaskets,
seals, piston rings, alternators, ignition coils, and spark plugs.
We are one of the largest independent manufacturers of automotive parts
in Mexico. For the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998, our automotive parts
business contributed 40.6% and 43.9%, respectively, of our consolidated
operating income and 40.9% and 41.6%, respectively, of our consolidated net
sales.
The following table presents the net sales generated by our principal
automotive parts products for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998, and
the percentage of this segment's 1998 net sales that is represented by these
products:
7
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
% OF NET
NET SALES SALES
---------------------------------- ----------
1997 1998 1998
-------------- -------------- ----------
(Pesos in thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Transmissions and clutches........................... Ps. 2,561,619 Ps. 2,940,700 33.1%
Rear and front traction axles........................ 944,211 996,800 11.2
Motor valves and tappets, pistons and
piston pins.......................................... 921,897 924,800 10.4
Constant velocity joints............................. 815,876 1,040,297 11.7
Pick-up truck bodies and other stamped
metal products.................................... 723,981 707,300 8.0
Propeller shafts..................................... 484,466 516,907 5.8
Steel and aluminum wheels............................ 455,102 342,010 3.8
Gears................................................ 311,067 340,332 3.8
Other automotive parts............................... 621,341 1,078,284 2.2
-------------- -------------- -----
Total........................................... Ps. 7,839,560 Ps. 8,887,430 100.0%
============== ============== =====
</TABLE>
We sell automotive products to domestic original equipment manufacturers,
which we call "OEMs", for installation in new cars and trucks, as well as to
distributors for resale in the automotive parts aftermarket. Our significant OEM
customers include DaimlerChrysler, Dina, Ford, General Motors, Kenworth,
Navistar, Nissan, Volkswagen and Volvo.
The following table presents information concerning our domestic and
export sales of automotive parts:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
% OF NET SALES
--------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
---------- ---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Domestic market
OEMs.............................................. 24% 23% 21%
Aftermarket....................................... 23% 19% 18%
Export market(1)..................................... 53% 58% 61%
Total export sales ($ in millions)................... $276.3 $461.2 $550.4
</TABLE>
- -----------------
(1) Includes "indirect" exports by OEMs that purchase parts from us.
In 1998, Unik continued to strengthen its position as a world-class
supplier of automotive parts through its dedication to manufacturing efficiency,
highly competitive technologies and total quality. Unik's 1998 total sales
increased by 13.4% in comparison to 1997. Unik's exports continued to show
consistent growth and rose 19.3% in 1998, compared to the previous year, as a
result of a strong economy in the United States. Approximately 86% of our
exports of automotive parts are to the United States and Canada.
Capital expenditures by Unik during 1998 were $83.0 million. These funds
were spent in transferring the majority of the assets of the heavy-duty
transmissions business
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that we acquired from Dana Corporation ("DANA") in September 1997 to existing
Unik plants in Queretaro. Transmission Technology Corporation, a new Unik
subsidiary, will continue to operate a small part of the assets acquired from
Dana in Knoxville, Tennessee. The heavy-duty manual transmissions products
manufactured by the operations acquired from Dana are primarily used for large
trucks and buses. The main customers of this business are Navistar, Ford,
Freightliner, Paccar, Mack/RVI, DaimlerChrysler, Cummins, Detroit Diesel,
General Motors, Kenworth, Peterbilt, Western Star and Volvo. Through Spicer,
S.A. de C.V. ("SPICER"), our joint venture with Dana, we have been manufacturing
medium and heavy-duty manual transmissions and components for nearly 20 years.
With the acquisition of Dana's heavy-duty transmissions business in 1997 and the
acquisition of Borg-Warner's manual transmissions business in 1996, we have
become one of the leading independent producers of manual transmission systems
in North America and have positioned ourselves as a significant full-line manual
transmissions manufacturer for the global market.
Our automotive parts businesses have received numerous quality awards
from the Mexican Government, clients and joint venture partners. Engranes
Conicos, S.A. de C.V. ("ENCO"), our subsidiary which manufactures gears,
received the Mexican Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development's National
Quality Award (the "NATIONAL QUALITY AWARD") in 1995, and our subsidiary Velcon,
S.A. de C.V., which manufactures constant velocity joints, received the National
Quality Award in 1996. In addition, Transmisiones y Equipos Mecanicos S.A. de
C.V. ("TREMEC"), our subsidiary which manufactures manual transmissions,
received the National Export Award in 1998 and Enco received this award in 1996.
Tremec received "Supplier of the Year" awards from General Motors in 1996 and
1997, and Pistones Moresa, S.A. de C.V, our subsidiary, which manufactures
pistons, received this award in 1997 and 1998. In 1998, Tremec also was awarded
a Shingo Prize for Excellence in Manufacturing, which recognizes manufacturing
excellence in the United States, Canada and Mexico and is considered one of the
"TRIPLE CROWN" of industrial excellence awards, along with the Baldridge
National Quality Award and the Deming Prize. The Shingo Prize is administered by
the College of Business at Utah State University in partnership with the
National Association of Manufacturers of the U.S. We believe that these awards
have resulted, among other things, from the ongoing implementation of Unik's
total quality improvement efforts. All of our plants which supply OEMs are
QS-9000 certified, which qualifies them as approved suppliers to
DaimlerChrysler, Ford and General Motors.
Market overview; competition
Both the OEM market and the aftermarket for automotive parts are highly
competitive with regard to price and quality. We compete with numerous domestic
and foreign manufacturers of automotive parts. We continually seek to maintain a
competitive advantage over other manufacturers with respect to productivity and
product quality. We accomplish this in part through technical assistance and
license agreements with leading foreign manufacturers of automotive parts, the
development of our own technology, our knowledge of the markets in which we
compete and our ability to achieve manufacturing efficiencies.
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Total vehicle production in Mexico increased by 7% in 1998 compared to
1997, from 1,359,650 vehicles in 1997 to 1,455,350 vehicles in 1998, thereby
providing an expanded OEM market for the parts that we manufacture. In addition,
domestic vehicle sales increased by 32.1% during 1998, including sales of
imported vehicles, although export sales of vehicles decreased by 0.9% during
the same period. The aftermarket for automotive parts in Mexico also increased
in 1998 by approximately 5.3% due to the improving Mexican economy.
Approximately 86% of our automotive exports are sold in the United States and
Canada.
Technological assistance and licensing agreements
Most of our major automotive parts are produced using technology and
licenses from leading international automobile manufacturers and automotive
parts producers. Through these arrangements, we have access to up-to-date
technology necessary to manufacture automotive components competitively in world
markets. In many cases, these arrangements not only provide us with
technological information, but also give us access to worldwide markets and
customers. The following are the most significant of these arrangements:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
LICENSOR PRODUCT
- -------- -------
<S> <C>
Dana Propeller shafts and universal joints
Dana Piston rings
Dana Rear and front traction axles
Delphi Automotive Systems
Corporation Spark plugs
Eaton Heavy-duty clutches
GKN Constant velocity joints and shafts
Hayes Lemmerz Steel wheels and aluminum wheels
TRW Engine valves
Unisia Jecs Pistons
</TABLE>
In general, under technology and license agreements, these foreign
manufacturers provide us with technological assistance or license their
proprietary technology to us in return for a fee based upon a percentage of
sales. These technology assistance and license agreements typically were entered
into for initial fixed terms, however many are renewed on an annual or biannual
basis, and could now be terminated by either party on relatively short notice.
We also develop our own technology with respect to some automotive products,
such as transmissions, pistons, piston pins, stamping products and tappets.
We also are partners with some of these foreign manufacturers in joint
venture companies that produce various automobile parts utilizing technology
licensed by the foreign joint venture partner. The following is a list of the
most significant of these joint ventures and the percentage ownership of the
foreign partner in the joint venture:
10
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
% OWNERSHIP BY JOINT
JOINT VENTURE PARTNER JOINT VENTURE COMPANY VENTURE PARTNER
- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C>
Delphi Automotive Systems
Corporation Bujias Mexicanas, S.A. de C.V. 40.0%
Dana Spicer, S.A. de C.V. 49.0
Dana Velcon, S.A. de C.V. 18.0
GKN Velcon, S.A. de C.V. 39.0
Hayes Lemmerz Hayes Wheels de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. 40.0
TRW Moresa, S.A. de C.V. 40.0
</TABLE>
Distribution arrangements; customers
Our automotive parts products generally are sold by means of separate
purchase orders or by short-term arrangements lasting approximately three
months. Our significant automotive parts customers include DaimlerChrysler,
Dina, Ford, General Motors, Kenworth, Mercedes Benz, Navistar, Nissan,
Volkswagen and Volvo. We have been seeking to increase our participation in the
export market, and our automotive parts exports have increased 382.8% from $114
million in 1994 to $550.4 million in 1998. In 1994 exports represented 19% of
Unik's total sales, while in 1998 exports represented 61% of its total sales. We
expect our automotive parts exports to continue to increase during 1999
primarily as a result of increased manual transmissions sales resulting from the
heavy-duty transmissions business acquired from Dana, all of which sales will be
for export.
Suppliers
The primary raw materials for the automotive parts products that we
manufacture are iron castings, steel and aluminum. We believe that the markets
for these materials are highly price competitive, and we have never experienced
difficulty in obtaining these commodities. We believe that there will continue
to be a large number of producers of the requisite castings, steel and aluminum,
and adequate worldwide supplies of these materials, for the foreseeable future.
Since the devaluation of the Peso in 1994 and 1995, we have sought to develop
relationships with domestic suppliers able to deliver high quality products and
service at competitive prices. We often work closely with these suppliers to
ensure the raw materials that they supply meet the quality and specifications
that we require.
Properties/plants
In 1990, we commenced a modernization program to improve our existing
automotive parts facilities and build new facilities to replace outdated
facilities. We invested approximately Ps.892,774 in this program in 1996,
Ps.837,639 in 1997 and Ps.829,816 in 1998, including the acquisition of the
manual transmissions business of Borg-Warner in 1996 and the acquisition of the
heavy-duty transmissions business of Dana Corporation in 1997. We believe that
the resulting improvements in efficiency, the sector's increased flexibility in
utilizing excess plant capacity and decreases in fixed costs derived from the
plants' modernization program, have enabled us to improve operating
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<PAGE> 12
margins from 1995 levels, although the improved margins also reflect the
increase of capacity utilization from 50% in 1995 to 76% in 1998.
We produce our automotive parts at 25 plants located throughout Mexico
and one plant located in the United States. The following table presents the
principal products produced at each of the most significant of these plants and
their locations:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRODUCTS LOCATION OF PLANT
- -------- -----------------
<S> <C>
Front and rear axles La Presa, Estado de Mexico
Heavy-duty transmissions and clutches Pedro Escobedo, Queretaro; Knoxville, Tennessee
Light and medium-duty manual transmissions Queretaro, Queretaro
Steel wheels Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico
Aluminum wheels Chihuahua, Chihuahua
Pistons Vallejo, Mexico, D.F.; Celaya, Guanajuato
Pick-up truck bodies and other stamped metal parts Celaya, Guanajuato
Constant velocity joints Celaya, Guanajuato
Ignition coils, alternators Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico
Spark plugs Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico
Propeller shafts and universal joints Queretaro, Queretaro
Steel forging Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala; Queretaro, Queretaro
Engine valves Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes
Piston rings Xalostoc, Estado de Mexico
Gears Queretaro, Queretaro
Gaskets and seals Naucalpan, Estado de Mexico
Piston pins Cuautitlan, Estado de Mexico; Celaya, Guanajuato
Tappets Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes
</TABLE>
PETROCHEMICALS
Our petrochemicals business, which we conduct through Girsa, produces and
sells petrochemicals and is the leading (and in some cases the only) producer of
some of these products in Mexico. Our main petrochemical products include
synthetic rubber, polystyrene, carbon black, phenol and specialty lattices. For
the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998, our petrochemicals business
contributed 24.4% and 19.7%, respectively, of our consolidated operating income,
and 19.3% and 16.0% of our consolidated net sales.
The following table presents the net sales generated by our principal
petrochemicals sector products for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998,
and the percentage of this segment's 1998 net sales that is represented by these
products:
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<PAGE> 13
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
% OF NET
NET SALES SALES
-------------------------------- --------------
1997 1998 1998
------------- ------------- --------------
(Pesos in thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Synthetic rubber.................................... Ps. 1,546,125 Ps. 1,499,285 43.9%
Polystyrene......................................... 775,326 668,669 19.6
Carbon black........................................ 649,512 630,333 18.4
Phenol.............................................. 559,483 505,016 14.8
Emulsions (specialty lattices)...................... 150,724 114,821 3.3
Other petrochemicals(1)............................. 11,601 -- --
------------- ------------- ------
Total............................................ Ps. 3,692,771 Ps. 3,418,124 100.0%
============= ============= ======
</TABLE>
(1) Consists of petrochemicals used by the pharmaceutical industry. We
divested this business in 1997.
Our petrochemical products are used in the manufacture of a wide variety
of other products, including asphalt mixes, plastic packaging and containers,
tires and other rubber automotive products, paints, dyes, textiles, shoes and
carpeting. We sell our petrochemical products in the Mexican and export markets,
exporting products to over 50 countries in 1998. Our export sales were $127
million in 1998 and $122 million in 1997.
Nhumo, S.A. de C.V. ("NHUMO"), a Girsa subsidiary which manufactures
carbon black, and Industrias Negromex, S.A. de C.V. ("INSA"), a Girsa subsidiary
which manufactures synthetic rubber, won the National Quality Award in 1997 and
1996, respectively. We are the only business in Mexico that has received this
award for four consecutive years (with our automotive parts subsidiary Engranes
Conicos having received the award in 1994 and our automotive parts subsidiary
Velcon having received the award in 1995). In addition, each of INSA, Nhumo, and
Resirene, S.A. de C.V. has received ISO-9002 certification, an international
standard for quality management and assurance which has been adopted by more
than 90 countries, thus enhancing Girsa's reputation as a reliable, high quality
supplier, and in 1997 Nhumo became the first carbon black business in the world
to receive ISO-14001 certification, an international standard for environmental
management. During 1996, INSA placed second for the Mexican Ministry of Commerce
and Industrial Development's 1996 National Exports Award, which highlights our
focus on building sales in foreign markets, and earned first place honors in the
Latin American and Caribbean Successful Innovator Award competition, sponsored
by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
Market overview; competition
Girsa is Mexico's only producer of synthetic rubber, phenol, methyl
methacrylate and carbon black, and has a leadership position in the production
of polystyrene.
Our petrochemical products are sold in both the domestic and export
markets. The domestic market accounted for 59% of our petrochemical sales in
1998, and the export market accounted for 41% of our sales in 1998. We compete
with foreign chemicals companies such as Shell, Dow Chemical, ICI, BASF,
Degussa, Georgia Gulf and Firestone in both the Mexican and international
markets.
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<PAGE> 14
The petrochemicals industry is a cyclical business that experienced
favorable conditions from mid-1994 until mid-1997; in 1998, however, the
petrochemicals cycle returned to the depressed conditions of early 1994,
resulting in lower prices, and these conditions might continue for an extended
period. Although we believe that our focus on specialty products, low cost
production and growth in production capacity during the last few years are
likely to mitigate the effects of the generally adverse conditions that
currently exist in the global petrochemicals market, this might not be the case.
Technology
With respect to the majority of our petrochemical businesses, we utilize
proprietary technology that we have developed or acquired from third parties.
Our carbon black business, in particular, utilizes technology developed by Cabot
Corporation, our partner in this business and a world leader in carbon black
research, development and production.
Supply arrangements and suppliers
Petroleos Mexicanos ("PEMEX") is one of the principal suppliers of raw
materials to our petrochemical businesses. We have executed agreements with
Pemex with respect to styrene, hydrocyanic acid, natural gas and methanol. These
agreements contain contractual assurances as to product quality and volumes and
provide for competitive pricing. We also purchase raw materials from numerous
other domestic and foreign suppliers. The market for these raw materials is
highly price competitive and we believe that there generally is an adequate
supply of them.
Products
The following table presents information with respect to our
petrochemical products:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
RAW MATERIALS NECESSARY
PRODUCT USE OF PRODUCT TO PRODUCE PRODUCT
- ------- -------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Synthetic rubber Production of tires, footwear, asphalt and Butadiene and styrene
plastic modifiers, specialized plastic products
and other rubber products
Polystyrene Production of plastics for disposable Styrene
packaging, home appliances, cassettes, compact
discs, light fixtures, school supplies and
office equipment
Carbon black Production of tires, ink, hoses, belts and Residual fuel oil and natural
other products using rubber gas
Phenol/acetone Production of phenolic resins, methyl Cumene
methacrylate, additives, paints, paper, foundry
and aspirin
Specialty lattices Production of carpeting, chewing gum, rubber, Butadiene and styrene
paper and tissues
</TABLE>
14
<PAGE> 15
The synthetic rubber business is the largest business in our
petrochemicals division. In 1998, the synthetic rubber business contributed
43.9% of the petrochemical sector's net sales. We are the only manufacturer of
synthetic rubber in Mexico. We produce both solution rubber and emulsion rubber,
as well as elastomers, thermoplastics and specialty rubbers. We are a leader in
the manufacture of asphalt modifying rubbers, which we sell to highway paving
companies in the United States and more recently also in Europe. Our synthetic
rubber products are exported to over 40 countries, principally the United
States, Canada and countries in Europe, South America and the Far East. In 1998,
exports accounted for approximately 54% of our synthetic rubber sales.
In December 1998, Girsa and Uniroyal Chemical Company (USA) agreed to
enter into a strategic alliance to produce and market Uniroyal's oil-resistant
nitrile rubber under the brand name Paracril(R). This synthetic rubber is highly
resistant to heat and is used in automotive engines and other automotive parts.
The joint venture will be 50% owned by Girsa and 50% owned by Uniroyal. We
estimate that the joint venture will start operations in the third quarter of
1999. The joint venture is in the process of building a facility in Tampico,
Mexico.
In February 1999, Girsa and Repsol Quimica, a subsidiary of Spain's
Repsol, S.A., agreed to enter into a strategic alliance to jointly produce and
market synthetic rubbers used in the manufacturing of products such as asphalt,
adhesives and shoes. The joint venture will be 50% owned by Girsa and 50% owned
by Repsol Quimica. We believe that the joint venture will be one of the largest
world producers of special solution styrene-butadiene rubbers as well as the
second largest worldwide producer of hydrogenated thermoplastic rubbers.
Our polystyrene business produces crystal polystyrene (GPPS) and impact
polystyrene (HIPS), which are used in the disposable packaging and packing
industries, lighting fixtures, school supplies, office equipment, and home
appliances, including audio and video equipment and refrigerators. In 1998, the
polystyrene business contributed 19.6% of the petrochemical sector's net sales.
Most of our polystyrene sales are to the domestic market, where we estimate that
our market share in 1998 was approximately 50%. We attribute our dominance in
the domestic polystyrene market to our ability to customize products, the
quality of our service and our timely delivery.
We are the only manufacturer of carbon black in Mexico. Carbon black is
principally used by the tire industry and we produce it utilizing technology
licensed from Cabot, a world leader in carbon black research, development and
production. Cabot owns a 40% interest in our carbon black business. We believe
that our share of the domestic carbon black market in 1998 exceeded 90% and
attribute our dominance to our technology, our large installed plant capacity,
our focus on those carbon black varieties which have the highest demand, our
continuous development of carbon black varieties with specific competitive
advantages for their application, and our low production costs which enable us
to price our products competitively. Approximately 25% of our carbon black sales
in 1998 were exports, primarily to the United States, Canada and Latin America.
We are the only domestic manufacturer of phenol, ketones, and methyl
methacrylate ("MMA") in Mexico. These products are used in the manufacture of
resins,
15
<PAGE> 16
phenolic foam, thermal insulators, pigments, lubrication oils, solvents,
shampoos, lacquers, adhesives, insecticides and acrylic sheets . Approximately
79% of the sales of this business in 1998 were to the domestic market and 54% of
our phenol sales and 8% of our MMA sales were exports to the United States and
South America . We believe that due to our competitive prices, reliability,
customer service and support, we have been able to establish long term
relationships and supply contracts with many of our international customers and
suppliers.
Properties/plants
The table below presents the location of the facilities at which our
petrochemical products are manufactured:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRODUCTS LOCATION
- -------- --------
<S> <C>
Synthetic rubber Altamira, Tamaulipas
Polystyrene Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz; Xicohtzingo, Tlaxcala;
Carbon black Altamira, Tamaulipas
Phenol/acetone and methyl methacrylate Cosoleacaque, Veracruz; Tula, Hidalgo
Specialty lattices Lecheria, Estado de Mexico
</TABLE>
DIVERSIFIED PRODUCTS
Through Girsa, we are a leading producer in Mexico of a variety of
chemical and diversified products. Our chemical products include phosphates,
acrylics, natural pigments, animal feed supplements, laminates and particle
board. Our diversified products include adhesives, glues, waterproofing
additives and sealants and are sold under well-established brand names. For the
years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998, our diversified products segment
contributed 15.2% and 14.8%, respectively, of our consolidated operating income
and 17.9% and 16.3%, respectively, of our net consolidated sales.
The following table presents the net sales generated by each product line
of our diversified products segment for the years ended December 31, 1997 and
1998, and the percentage of this segment's 1998 net sales that is represented by
each product line:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
% OF NET
NET SALES SALES
------------------------------- -----
1997 1998 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Phosphate Ps.1,431,731 Ps.1,423,227 40.8%
Natural pigments/animal food supplements 423,797 473,068 13.6%
Acrylics 405,666 378,428 10.8%
Laminates/particle board 453,143 481,853 13.8%
Resistol products (glues and adhesives) 342,282 332,327 9.5%
Fester products (mainly asphalt coatings) and
Acriton Products (mainly acrylic coatings) 371,754 402,741 11.5%
------------ ------------ -----
Total Ps.3,428,373 Ps.3,491,644 100.00%
============ ============ ======
</TABLE>
16
<PAGE> 17
Our subsidiaries Laboratorios Bioquimex, S.A. de C.V., Plastiglas, S.A.
de C.V., Rexcel, S.A. de C.V. and Productos de Consumo Resistol, S.A de C.V. are
all either ISO-9001 or ISO-9002 certified, thus enhancing Girsa's reputation as
a reliable, high quality supplier. Quimir, S.A. de C.V. is currently in the
process of obtaining the ISO-9002 certification.
Market overview; competition
We sell phosphates, natural pigments, high pressure laminates, and
acrylics in both the domestic and export markets. We compete with foreign
companies, such as Albright & Wilson, FMC, Cyro, Wilson Art International, Mc
Millan, Helm, Basf, and Degussa, in both the Mexican and international markets.
We sell low pressure laminates, glues, adhesives, acrylic and asphalt
roofing systems primarily in the domestic market, where we compete with
companies such as National Starch, HB Fuller, Henkel, Alkoat, Johns Mansville
and Comex. We believe that we have a leadership position in the production of
phosphates, acrylic laminates, natural pigments and laminated plastics and that
we are the national leader in our consumer products lines. Our Resistol brand
name is the most widely-recognized brand name for adhesives and glues throughout
Mexico. We consider our Resistol, Fester, Acriton and Resikon brand names and
the extensive national distribution systems for each line of products to be
significant competitive advantages.
Technology
With respect to our diversified products businesses, we utilize
proprietary technology that we have developed or acquired from third parties.
Products
Phosphates. Our phosphates business produces chemicals for use in
household detergents, soft drinks and water treatment. In 1998, our phosphates
business contributed 40.8% of the net sales of our diversified products segment.
We are the largest manufacturer of phosphates in Mexico, and rank third in rated
capacity of industrial sodium phosphates worldwide. In 1998, our exports reached
20 countries in the Americas and accounted for 21% of our total sales. In 1996,
we constructed a new plant for the production of ortophosphates, with a capacity
of 122,000 metric tons per year, and developed a new process that utilizes
newly-developed technology of Girsa to achieve backward integration in the
phosphates business.
Natural pigments; animal feed supplements. We produce natural yellow and
red food pigments, and believe that we are one of the largest producers of these
pigments in Mexico. Yellow pigments are used primarily to color poultry through
poultry feed, and red pigments are used to color poultry and egg yolks.
Approximately, 50% of our sales of these products in 1998 were exports to 30
countries. Our customers include Bayer, Perdue, and Bachoco, and we also supply
the poultry operations of Agrobios. We also manufacture and sell pre-mixed
vitamins, minerals, amino acids, anti-oxidants, anti-parasites, aromitizers,
flavoring, growth promoters and other supplements for animal feed, which we sell
to producers of animal
17
<PAGE> 18
feed, which we sell to producers of animal feed and integrated producers of
poultry, beef and pork, including Agrobios. The raw materials used to produce
these products primarily are imported. Our manufacturing technology permits us
to work closely with our customers to tailor our products to meet the specific
needs of each customer.
Acrylic sheet. We are the leading manufacturer of acrylic sheets in
Mexico. These products are used in the manufacture of signs, displays,
advertisements and safety devices. Approximately 54% of our sales of these
products in 1998 were to the United States, Canada, Europe, Central and South
America. Our principal raw materials are supplied by Fenoquimia, another Girsa
subsidiary. Our manufacturing technology allows us to develop differentiated
products targeted at greater value-added markets in the different countries
where our products are sold.
Laminates and particle board. We manufacture laminates and particle board
using formaldehyde, urea, resins and natural wood shavings. We sell these
products to manufacturers in the furniture and construction industries.
Ninety-five percent of our sales of these products in 1998 were to the domestic
market, with the balance being exported principally to North, Central and South
America.
Glues (Resistol). We produce a line of adhesives and glues which we sell
under the brand name "Resistol" to retail merchandisers and industrial users
throughout Mexico. In addition to household glues, our consumer products include
polyvinyl acetate (white glue), contact and acrylic adhesives, sealants and hot
melts (specialized adhesives). We sell these products to a variety of industries
including shoe manufacturers, the wood and furniture industries, artisans and
the automotive industry. We distribute these products to more than 43,500 points
of sale throughout Mexico, such as supermarkets, hardware stores and retail
outlets as well as to industrial purchasers. The market for these products is
highly fragmented. In 1998 we acquired Simon, a footwear adhesive business with
a strong market share which strengthened our leadership position in the adhesive
business.
Waterproofing sealants (Fester, Acriton and Resikon). We produce
waterproofing additives and sealants under the brand names Fester, Acriton and
Resikon, as well as cement additives and construction coatings, under the Fester
brand name, which is a widely recognized brand name in Mexico. We sell these
products to manufacturers in the construction industry and to manufacturers of
products for household use. We distribute these products through approximately
1,750 distributors located throughout Mexico, many of which carry Fester
products exclusively. All of the distributors sell construction-related products
and provide homeowners and others with maintenance and repair services using
Fester products.
Properties/plants
The table below lists the location of the facilities at which our
diversified products are manufactured:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRODUCT LOCATION
------- --------
<S> <C>
Phosphates/phosphorus derivatives Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz; Tultitlan, Estado de Mexico;
Lecheria, Estado de Mexico
</TABLE>
18
<PAGE> 19
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRODUCT LOCATION
------- --------
<S> <C>
Natural pigments/ animal feed supplements Queretaro, Queretaro
Acrylic sheet Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico; San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi
Laminates/particle board Lerma, Estado de Mexico; Zitacuaro, Michoacan
Glues/waterproofing sealants Salamanca, Guanajuato; Vallejo, D.F.; Azcapotzalco, D.F.
</TABLE>
FOOD
Our food operations are conducted through Agrobios and principally
involve the production and sale of poultry, pork, shelf-stable branded products
and, to a lesser extent, animal feed and shrimp. Our poultry operations
historically have been the largest component of this sector. Our pork production
commenced in 1993, and has highly efficient operations with world class
technologies. We began manufacturing and selling shelf-stable branded food
products in September 1997, as a result of our acquisition of 94.3% of
Corfuerte. Corfuerte is a leading manufacturer and distributor of these products
in Mexico and in the southwestern and western regions of the United States. We
expanded these operations with the acquisition in June 1998 of Authentic
Specialty Foods Inc. ("ASF"), and the acquisition in December 1998 of a 60%
interest in Grupo Nair, S.A. de C.V. ("NAIR"). ASF is a leading manufacturer of
branded Mexican food products in the southwestern and western regions of the
United States and Nair is a Mexican company engaged in the fishing and
processing of tuna and other seafood products. ASF's products principally are
targeted at the growing U.S. Hispanic market and complement the U.S. operations
of Embasa that we acquired as part of Corfuerte. With the acquisition of Nair,
we added a strong brand portfolio that complements our existing product lines.
We expect that the acquisition of Nair will enable us to continue increasing our
exports. Shrimp production is in the development stage with no substantial sales
having been made to date.
The acquisitions of Corfuerte, ASF and Nair are part of our strategy of
gradually shifting the product mix of our food sector away from commodity
products to branded products which have more stable margins. We are developing
our branded food products operations in partnership with J.P. Morgan Capital
Corporation, which purchased an 18.6% interest in each of Corfuerte and
Authentic Acquisition Corporation, the direct parent of ASF, for an aggregate
purchase price of $50 million in 1998. We intend to use Corfuerte as our vehicle
for the expansion of our branded food products business in Mexico and Authentic
Acquisition Corporation for the expansion of this business in the United States.
For the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998, the food segment contributed
16.9% and 14.1%, respectively, to our consolidated operating income, and 19.5%
and 22.6%, respectively, to our consolidated net sales.
19
<PAGE> 20
The following table presents the net sales generated by each product line
in our food segment for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998 and the
percentage of this segment's 1998 net sales that is represented by each product
line:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
% OF NET
NET SALES SALES
---------------------------------- ------------
1997 1998 1998
-------------- -------------- ------------
(Pesos in thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Poultry.............................................. Ps. 1,838,188 Ps. 1,662,961 34.4%
Shelf-stable branded products(1)..................... 314,344 1,455,744 30.1
Pork................................................. 1,184,062 1,223,587 25.3
Animal feed.......................................... 326,537 405,045 8.4
Shrimp............................................... 76,785 92,493 1.8
-------------- -------------- -----
Total.......................................... Ps. 3,739,916 Ps. 4,839,830 100.0%
============== ============== =====
</TABLE>
- --------------
(1) We acquired this product line in September 1997 through the acquisition
of Corfuerte and expanded it in 1998 with the acquisitions of ASF and
Nair.
Agrobios conducts our food activities through five subsidiaries: Grupo
Campi, S.A. de C.V. ("CAMPI"), which was formerly named Univasa and produces and
sells poultry and animal feed and also produces hogs; Agroken, S.A. de C.V.
("KEKEN"), which processes and sells pork meat; Corfuerte, which manufactures
and sells shelf-stable branded products in Mexico; Authentic Acquisition
Corporation which manufactures and sells shelf-stable branded products in the
United States; and Aquanova, S.A. de C.V. ("AQUANOVA"), a development stage
business for the production and sale of shrimp.
Market overview; competition
Poultry. Generally, non-integrated and inefficient poultry producers are
being replaced by larger, higher quality, more efficient, integrated companies.
In the last four years, the five largest producers of poultry in Mexico,
including Desc, have achieved approximately 50% market share, with the remainder
of the market remaining highly fragmented. We believe that we are the largest
producer of broiler chickens in southeastern Mexico, which includes the states
of Yucatan, Tabasco, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Chiapas, Oaxaca and southern
Veracruz. In these areas, none of the other large producers has a significant
market share. We also have been gaining market share in the central region,
which includes Mexico City, the largest poultry market in Mexico. All of our
poultry production is directed to the domestic market.
Pork. The pork industry in Mexico is highly fragmented, but smaller,
inefficient growers in Mexico are being replaced by larger, higher quality, more
efficient, integrated companies, principally located in the states of Sonora,
Sinaloa and Yucatan. We have developed a fully integrated business with advanced
technology, composed of breeding farms and facilities for raising, slaughtering,
cutting and processing hogs, and are establishing a distribution network
throughout Mexico. In 1998 we began exporting pork meat to Japan.
20
<PAGE> 21
The shelf-stable branded food industry in Mexico is highly competitive.
Corfuerte has significant market shares in Mexico with respect to tomato sauce
and related products, canned vegetables and corn oil. Its principal competitors
are Del Monte, Herdez, La Costena and Clemente Jacques. The principal
competitors of Nair's products are Herdez, Dolores, Tony, Calmex and Ybarra. In
the United States, our products compete principally with Mexican food products
that are distributed in the southwestern and western regions of the United
States and are targeted principally to the Hispanic market. Our brands have
strong market positions in these regions, particularly Calidad(TM) in Texas.
The animal feed industry in Mexico is highly fragmented as well. We have
a significant market share in the southeastern region of Mexico, where most of
our feed mills are located.
Products
Poultry. Our poultry business consists of the production, processing and
sale of breeder and broiler chickens for consumption, and the production and
sale of feed. Half of the broiler chickens raised by us are slaughtered at our
technologically-advanced facilities and sold to distributors, retailers, hotels,
restaurants and supermarkets. The remainder are shipped live to distributors and
markets, where they are slaughtered shortly before retail sales in order to meet
the traditional consumer preference for freshly slaughtered poultry.
Since 1992, we have entered into "contract grower" arrangements with
farmers for the production of poultry. Under these arrangements, we assist the
farmer in obtaining financing secured by property, guarantee the payment of a
portion of this financing, and provide day-old chicks, animal feed and poultry
production technology to the farmer. The farmer returns the chickens to us when
they are approximately seven weeks old in exchange for a payment. At the present
time, 15% of our poultry production utilizes contract grower arrangements with
farmers. Our poultry products are marketed under the "Campi" brand name.
Pork. Our pork business is concentrated in the southeastern region of
Mexico. It is completely integrated and utilizes high quality genetics and
advanced farming techniques. Our pork business currently has approximately
12,000 sows in production at three sites. In 1994, in association with the other
major pork producer in the southeastern region, we completed the construction of
a processing plant for hogs close to the city of Merida, which is already fully
operational. We own 51% of this joint venture. In each of 1995, 1996, 1997 and
1998, the processing plant has increased its cutting capacity to satisfy
increased domestic demand and more recently also to supply growing exports to
Japan. In particular, the joint venture has achieved a significant market share
in the southeastern region and has been gaining market share in the important
central region, which includes Mexico City. The joint venture recently begun
operating a slaughterhouse in the central part of Mexico and also buys hogs from
third parties for processing, cutting and sale. Our pork products are marketed
under the "Keken" brand name.
21
<PAGE> 22
Shelf-stable branded products. With our "Del Fuerte" brand, we are a
domestic leader in the production of tomato sauce and related products and
canned vegetables. We also have a large share of the domestic corn oil, gelatin
and salsa markets with our "La Gloria" brand of products. We participate in the
canned jalapeno peppers market with our "La Cumbre" brand and in the coffee
market with our "Blason" and "Latino" brands, Gourmet products are marketed
under our "Perigord" brand, and since December 1998, we participate in the
canned tuna market with our "Nair" brand. We also have exclusive distribution
rights in Mexico for "Reynolds" aluminum foil, "Smuckers" jams, "Celestial
Seasonings" herbal teas and "Clorox" bleach, all of which have been embraced by
the domestic market and continue to increase in market share.
In the United States, through ASF and Embasa, we manufacture and/or
distribute a wide variety of high quality, authentic Mexican food products such
as salsas, taco sauces, other Mexican sauces, and items such as jalapeno peppers
under labels that include La Victoria(TM), Embasa (TM) and Calidad(TM). Our
products are targeted principally at the U.S. Hispanic market, and our brands
have strong market positions in the southwestern and western regions of the
United States, particularly in Texas and California.
Animal feed. Our feed division produces mostly chicken and hog feed, a
majority of which is used by our own breeder, broiler and pork divisions, and
the balance of which we sell to Mexican poultry and pork farmers. This division
operates production facilities in Merida, Coatzacoalcos, Cuautla and Saltillo.
The basic ingredients for the feed are corn, soybean and sorghum, which we
import from the United States or acquire in the domestic market depending on
prices.
Shrimp. Our shrimp business remains in the development stage with no
substantial sales having been made to date. The hatchery for shrimp post-larvae
production and the first phase of the commercial feeding farm of 320 hectares
have been completed and phase two of the farm is currently under construction,
with 420 hectares of new ponds being built. Current production of shrimp as well
as future production from the project under development are aimed towards the
export market. Our shrimp products are marketed under the "Aquality" brand name.
Properties/plants
Below is a list of the principal production facilities of our food
segment:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ACTIVITY LOCATION
- -------- --------
<S> <C>
Breeder farms/grand parent stock Coahuila and Yucatan
Broiler farms Yucatan, Tabasco, Veracruz, Morelos, Campeche and Quintana Roo
Day-old chicks hatchery Veracruz, Yucatan and Morelos
Animal feed production Yucatan, Morelos, Veracruz and Saltillo
Pork production/slaughterhouse Yucatan, Guanajuato and Quintana Roo
Shrimp production Sinaloa and Nayarit
Canning Sinaloa, Tlaxcala, Oaxaca and California (USA)
</TABLE>
22
<PAGE> 23
In addition, Corfuerte has nine distribution centers in Mexico.
REAL ESTATE
Through Dine, we acquire and develop land for commercial (office
buildings and shopping malls), residential and tourism/resort uses. We have over
20 years of experience in this sector and believe that we are the largest
diversified real estate developer in Mexico. Dine is believed to own the largest
land reserves for residential development in the Mexico City metropolitan area,
and also owns properties for tourism development along the Caribbean and Pacific
coasts of Mexico. We focus on the upper income segments of the real estate
market, developing high quality projects that are unique in their respective
market segments. Dine was the developer during the late 1960s, 1970s and early
1980s of "Bosques de las Lomas," a five million square meter upper-income
residential and commercial development in Mexico City and of "La Estadia," a
high-income residential suburb of Mexico City. Our more recent projects include
the Santa Fe commercial center in Mexico City, which is Mexico's largest
regional shopping mall, Arcos Bosques Corporativo which is Mexico City's largest
office complex, Punta Mita which is a new hotel and championship golf course
that we are developing in partnership with Four Seasons Hotels, and La Punta
Bosques and Bosques de Santa Fe, both of which are high-income residential
projects in Mexico City.
For the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1998, our real estate business
contributed 3.9% and 8.5%, respectively, of our consolidated operating income
and 2.3% and 3.4%, respectively, of our consolidated net sales. We are currently
assessing the profitability of each of our real estate projects, and may
consider divesting one or more of these properties.
The following is a list of the major properties being developed by Dine,
which are discussed in greater detail below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OWNERSHIP
BY
NAME AND LOCATION LAND AREA DINE OTHER PARTNERS
- ----------------- --------- ---- --------------
(SQUARE METERS) (%)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS(1)
Arcos Bosques Corporativo, Mexico, D.F. 72,570 100 None
Centro Comercial Santa Fe, Mexico, D.F. 300,000 50.1 El Puerto de Liverpool,
El Palacio de Hierro and others
</TABLE>
23
<PAGE> 24
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
La Punta Bosques, Mexico, D.F. 293,000 100 None
Hacienda de Las Palmas, Mexico, D.F.(2) 765,410 25 Constructora Profusa, S.A. de C.V.
Bosques de Santa Fe, Mexico, D.F. 1,100,000 50 Several individuals
TOURIST/RESORT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Punta Ixtapa, Guerrero 390,000 100 None
Punta Mita, Nayarit (Phase I)(3) 1,030,000 84 Four Seasons Hotels
OTHER PROPERTIES
Bosques de la Estadia, Estado de Mexico(4) 6,269,086 63 Fernando Senderos Mestre, Victor
de la Lama Cortina and members of
their families
Xaac, Quintana Roo 515,000 100 None
Los Cabos, Baja California Sur(5) 38,521 15 Grupo Casa, S.A. de C.V.
Tepeji del Rio, Hidalgo 3,850,000 59 Several individuals
Punta Mita, Nayarit (other than Phase I) 5,740,000 100 None
</TABLE>
- ----------------
(1) In addition to the commercial development projects listed above, Dine
owns a 33% interest in 89,000 square meters adjacent to the Santa Fe
shopping mall project that are held for commercial development.
(2) Our only contribution to this project is the land.
(3) Punta Mita Phase I consists of a world class luxury hotel, an 18-hole
championship golf course and clubhouse and a timeshare resort
development. Four Seasons Hotels participates in each of these components
with an ownership interest of 30.77% in the hotel, 12.31% in the golf
course, and 30.77% in the timeshare resort. Based on the relative sizes
of the three components of this development, the total participation of
Four Seasons Hotels in Phase I is approximately 16%.
(4) Dine owns 77.3% of Club Ecuestre Chiluca, S. de R.L., a Mexican company
that owns 3,750,000 square meters of undeveloped land and 106,514 square
meters of partially developed land on this site. Club Ecuestre Chiluca,
S. de R.L. also owns 51% of another company which owns 2,412,572 square
meters of adjacent undeveloped land.
(5) Dine owns 100% of the land and has entered into a joint venture agreement
with Grupo Casa pursuant to which Dine contributed the land, Grupo Casa
developed it, and Dine is entitled to 15% of both the time-share units
developed and the net income of the hotel built on the site.
As conditions in the Mexican real estate market improved in 1997, we
commenced development of a new tourist/resort property at Punta Mita, Nayarit,
in partnership with Four Seasons Hotels. We experienced high demand for office
space in our Arcos Bosques Corporativo project in 1997 and during the first half
of 1998. As a result, we completed and sold the first stage of the North
building of Arcos Bosques Corporativo in 1998. We also commenced the marketing
of the first stage of our Bosques de Santa Fe project. We invested approximately
Ps.291,229 in 1996, Ps.361,873 in 1997, and Ps.800,670 in 1998 to develop our
real estate properties for commercial, residential and resort use. Since the
devaluation of the Peso against the Dollar in late 1994, we have focused our
efforts on completing those projects that were already well into their marketing
phase, have sought partners for most of our new developments so as
24
<PAGE> 25
to reduce our risks, and have postponed several projects until conditions in the
real estate market in Mexico improve.
Strategy for the real estate sector
We intend to continue to sell our existing inventory of developed
properties, assuming market conditions continue to improve. We also intend to
continue to seek partnerships through which to develop our land reserves in
order to reduce our risk and increase the margins and market share of our real
estate sector. We are currently evaluating the profitability of each of our real
estate projects and may decide to divest one or more of our properties.
We believe that our real estate products, aimed at the high-end market,
generally offer superior quality, amenities and value. Our recent partnerships
include a new hotel and championship golf course project being developed in
partnership with Four Seasons Hotels at Punta Mita, a new resort development
near Puerto Vallarta, which is scheduled to open in the third quarter of 1999.
Punta Mita illustrates our desire to capitalize on the foreign tourist market.
In the long term, we also wish to expand our development of commercial rental
properties, such as the Santa Fe shopping mall, which we believe will enhance
Dine's cash flows. In evaluating all of our opportunities for new real estate
projects, we generally pursue projects that we expect to yield an internal rate
of return of at least 30%, although we might not actually achieve that target.
Our land acquisitions fall into two categories: strategic purchases,
where land is acquired and retained for future development, and current
development purchases, where land is purchased in connection with a planned
development. All of our projects are organized into a predetermined number of
phases designed to reduce our risk and exposure to market conditions and shifts
in the economy. When market indicators project a downturn in the industry, a
project can be stopped in a logical and cost-efficient manner at the end of a
phase of construction and delayed until market conditions improve, and when
these indicators predict high growth at an accelerated pace, two or more phases
can be constructed simultaneously. At the present time, we are focusing our
efforts on completing those projects that are already well into their marketing
phase. In addition, we have begun marketing a new residential project, Bosques
de Santa Fe, in conjunction with partners. We generally subcontract the
responsibilities of designing and building projects, including, but not limited
to, hiring independent project managers, architects, construction companies and
project supervisors.
Commercial developments
Arcos Bosques Corporativo. This project consists of a five phase
development of office space located in Bosques de las Lomas near the Mexico
City-Toluca highway. Each phase includes the construction of a separate
building. We completed the construction of the East building (Phase 1) in July
1993 and of the East Tower (Phase 2) in June 1996. We relocated our headquarters
to the East Tower in 1997 and purchased 15,000 square meters of this development
(approximately 25% of the available space in the East Tower) for this purpose.
We have sold approximately 98% of the space in the East Tower and expect to sell
the balance during 1999. We began the construction of the North building (Phase
3) in 1997 to meet existing demand for office space which
25
<PAGE> 26
recovered in 1997, and expect to complete it in 3 stages. We completed and sold
all of the available space in stage 1 of the North building in 1998. We intend
to market the remaining 2 stages of the North building prior to their
construction and begin constructing each stage when it is substantially sold.
Phases 4 and 5 of Arcos Bosques Corporativo consist of the construction of the
West building and the West Tower, respectively. The timetable for these phases
has not been established. The total investment budget allocated to all five
phases of Arcos Bosques Corporativo is $340 million, of which approximately $142
million already has been invested.
Centro Comercial Santa Fe. In association with El Palacio de Hierro, El
Puerto de Liverpool and others, we entered into a contract with the government
of Mexico City pursuant to which we developed a shopping mall in the Santa Fe
zone in Mexico City, near Bosques de las Lomas. We believe that the shopping
mall is the largest development of this type in Mexico. Construction of the
first phase was completed in November 1993, when the Santa Fe shopping mall
officially opened, at a total cost of $102 million. A second phase was completed
in October 1995 at a total cost of $13 million. This additional phase consists
of an entertainment complex with movie theaters and a children's center, a
fitness center and additional retail space including one medium-sized department
store which has not yet been leased. The shopping mall encompasses a total of
approximately 100,000 square meters of retail space, as well as approximately
200,000 square meters of additional space for parking, tunnels and access roads.
We retained 50.1% ownership of this project, excluding the department stores,
which are owned by El Palacio de Hierro, El Puerto de Liverpool, Sears and
Sanborn's, and will continue to receive retail income from future leasing
activity. All of the available space in the first phase was leased as of
December 31, 1998, and 73% of the available space in the second phase also was
leased as of that date. Approximately 89,000 square meters of undeveloped land
adjacent to the Santa Fe project remains available for future commercial
development, of which we own 33%. We began collecting parking fees in November
1996, thereby generating additional income from this project.
Residential developments
Bosques de las Lomas--La Punta. We completed construction of the
infrastructure for a 293,000 square meter high-income residential community in
Bosques de las Lomas. Sales of undeveloped lots in this project commenced in
September 1993 and approximately 88% of the properties had been sold by the end
of 1998. We own 100% of the project and are the sole developer and manager. The
total investment was approximately $40 million, including the cost of
constructing a bridge that connects the development to Bosques de las Lomas.
A new phase of La Punta, La Punta Peninsula, is expected to result in the
construction of four twelve-story residential buildings, each containing 25
condominiums. We entered into an agreement in principle with Terrum, a Mexican
real estate company, under which we contributed the land for the Peninsula
project and Terrum will construct and sell the units. The construction of the
Peninsula project started in October 1997 and one of the buildings is near
completion. The first 8 units of this building have been sold.
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<PAGE> 27
Hacienda de las Palmas. Construction of the infrastructure for a 765,410
square meter residential development located on the northwestern border of
Mexico City was completed in 1994. This project was developed by a type of
partnership called "asociacion en participacion." Pursuant to the partnership
agreement, we received 25% of the lots developed to sell for our own account.
Sales of lots at this development commenced late in 1994 and approximately 95%
of the properties owned by Dine were sold by December 31, 1998.
Bosques de Santa Fe. This 1,100,000 square meter development, located two
miles south from the Santa Fe shopping mall, will be developed in partnership
with private investors. The current plans call for the development of a
high-income residential community with a nine-hole golf course. We own 50% of
this land. We began building the infrastructure for this project in 1998 and
commenced selling lots in June 1998.
Tourist/resort developments
Punta Ixtapa. This development is a resort encompassing approximately
390,000 square meters located in the western side of the hotel zone of Ixtapa.
As currently planned, the total project will consist of a residential area
containing lots for private construction, finished homes, villas and
condominiums, a recreation center and two beach clubs. This project is intended
to be developed in five phases over an eight-year period. The first phase,
consisting of the construction of finished homes and villas on a site of
approximately 63,000 square meters, has been fully sold and construction is
completed. The second and third phases, consisting of the development and sale
of undeveloped residential lots on a site of approximately 153,000 square
meters, commenced in June 1993, and approximately 80% of the lots were sold as
of December 31, 1998. The remaining land is available for two additional phases
of development for which firm plans have not yet been formulated. The total cost
of the development is currently projected at $85 million, of which $65 million
has been allocated for the first three phases.
Punta Mita. We commenced in early 1997 the development of a 7.1 million
square meter resort project located on beach front property in Costa Banderas,
Nayarit, which is near Puerto Vallarta on the Pacific coast of Mexico. This
project is intended to be developed in seven phases over a 15-year period. The
first phase is being developed in partnership with Four Seasons Hotels and will
include a world class luxury hotel consisting of approximately 140 guest rooms,
together with restaurants, bars, banquet, meeting and other public rooms, an
18-hole championship golf course and clubhouse, a tennis and sports complex, a
fitness club, a spa facility, timeshare units, and residential lots. We expect
to invest $100 million in the first phase of this project. We completed the
construction of the golf course in 1998, under the supervision of Jack Nicklaus.
We also commenced the construction of the hotel in 1998 which we expect will be
fully operational in the second half of 1999.
Other properties
Bosques de La Estadia. We own 77.3% of Club Ecuestre Chiluca, S. de R.L.,
an entity which holds 3,750,000 square meters of undeveloped land and an
additional 106,514 square meters of partially developed land located on the
northern border of
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<PAGE> 28
Mexico City. Fernando Senderos Mestre and members of his family are the owners
of the remaining 22.7% of Club Ecuestre. An additional 2,412,572 square meters
of adjacent undeveloped land is held by an entity that is 51%-owned by Club
Ecuestre and 49%-owned by Victor de la Lama Cortina, a director of Desc, and
members of his family. During 1994, a private construction company completed a
toll-road providing access directly to this area. We believe this land is
suitable for the development of condominiums. We have postponed development of
this land at this time.
Tepeji del Rio. We have a 59% interest in approximately 3,850,000 square
meters of land located approximately fifty miles north of Mexico City. We
believe this land is suitable for the development of a weekend resort targeted
to Mexico City residents but have postponed development of this land at this
time.
Xaac. We own approximately 515,000 square meters of beachfront property
in the State of Quintana Roo between Cancun and Tulum. This land is located near
a major tourist attraction consisting of one of the most important archeological
sites in Mexico. The Mexican government is constructing a four-lane highway that
will provide direct access to this area from Cancun. Some members of the
Senderos family own substantial land holdings adjacent to our land. We have
postponed the development of this land at this time.
Competition
We believe that Dine is the largest real estate developer in the
commercial, retail and residential real estate markets in Mexico City. We
compete with many smaller Mexican real estate developers and at least two large
real estate developers.
NAFTA
The North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA") became effective on
January 1, 1994. By phasing out tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico,
the United States and Canada, the implementation of NAFTA may facilitate our
access to markets for some of our products in the United States and Canada, but
in some instances it also may increase the competition for our products in the
Mexican market by lowering trade barriers for our United States and Canadian
competitors. While many of the changes required by NAFTA were implemented during
the first three years of operation of the agreement, tariff and non-tariff
restrictions on the most sensitive products will continue to be phased down
until 2003, or in the case of a few products, 2007.
In the automotive sector, NAFTA requires Mexico to reduce its tariff on
most parts by 50% in 1994, and the remainder is being phased out over ten years,
ending in 2003. The United States has phased out its tariffs on automotive parts
exported from Mexico as of January 1, 1998. NAFTA also obligates Mexico to
gradually phase out the trade balancing and domestic value-added requirements
imposed on original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), eliminating those
requirements by 2004. While those requirements in part have protected Mexican
parts producers, the phasing out of artificial restrictions has facilitated the
integration of the North American industry, with beneficial effects for
efficient Mexican parts producers such as Desc. We believe these and other
changes could increase demand for Mexican automotive parts among U.S., Mexican
and
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<PAGE> 29
Canadian OEMs during the next ten years. However, these changes also could
increase competition among automotive parts manufacturers in Mexico.
In the chemicals industry, NAFTA gradually eliminates some Mexican
tariffs, reduces barriers to foreign investment in Mexico, and imposes
requirements that prohibit Pemex from discriminating against U.S. or Canadian
persons in the supply of raw materials over which Pemex has a monopoly. Because
many of these changes with respect to Pemex already have been implemented by the
Mexican Government, we do not believe that NAFTA will have a significant effect
on the businesses conducted by Girsa.
In the food sector, NAFTA requires Mexico gradually to phase out tariffs
on imported feed products used by us and implements procedures for certification
of conformity with health and sanitary requirements which facilitate the export
of Mexican poultry, pork and other agricultural products to the United States.
However, NAFTA also phases out Mexican tariffs on processed poultry over a
ten-year period, and these tariffs will be eliminated in 2004.
The Mexican, U.S. and Canadian governments have had a generally good
record of compliance with NAFTA requirements to date and all three governments
have expressed their continued support for the agreement and its implementation.
Nevertheless, we cannot assure you that this compliance will continue. This
compliance is only one factor affecting the competitive conditions in which we
operate.
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
Both Mexican federal and state laws and regulations relating to the
protection of the environment apply to our operations. The fundamental
environmental law in the Mexican federal system is the Ley General del
Equilibrio Ecologico y la Proteccion al Ambiente (the Mexican General Law of
Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection or the "ECOLOGICAL LAW"). The
Mexican federal agency in charge of overseeing compliance with, and enforcing
the federal environmental laws is Secretaria del Medio Ambiente, Recursos
Naturales y Pesca (the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources
and Fishing, or the "SEMARNAP"). As part of its enforcement powers, the Semarnap
is empowered to bring administrative proceedings against companies that violate
environmental laws, impose economic sanctions and close temporarily or
permanently non-complying facilities. Under the Ecological Law, the Mexican
government has implemented an aggressive program to protect the environment by
promulgating rules concerning water, land, air and noise pollution, and
hazardous substances. Additionally, the Mexican government has enacted
regulations concerning the importation and exportation of hazardous materials
and hazardous waste. We believe that all of our facilities are in substantial
compliance with government regulations relating to the protection of the
environment.
In addition, our subsidiary Nhumo, which manufactures carbon black,
became the first carbon black business in the world to receive ISO-14001
certification in 1997. ISO-14001 is an international environmental management
standard first adopted in 1996 by the International Organization for
Standardization that requires commitment to continuous environmental improvement
and compliance with all applicable environmental laws.
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<PAGE> 30
EMPLOYEES; LABOR RELATIONS
As of March 31, 1999, we employed approximately 25,020 people.
Each of our subsidiaries has entered into short-term union, collective
bargaining or similar agreements for each plant and/or facility it operates.
These contracts generally have two-year terms and provide for an annual salary
review as well as a review of other contract terms and conditions prior to
renewal, which is a standard arrangement for collective bargaining agreements
for most Mexican companies. We believe that our relations with our employees are
satisfactory.
ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY.
For a description of our properties and plants, see Item 1, "Description
of Business."
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved in legal proceedings not described in this annual report
that are incidental to the normal conduct of our business. We do not believe
that liabilities relating to these proceedings will have a material adverse
effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
ITEM 4. CONTROL OF REGISTRANT
Our capital stock consists of 3 classes of common stock: Series A common
stock, Series B common stock and Series C common stock. The holders of the
Series A shares have the right to elect one more than half of the members of our
board of directors and, subject to the right of stockholders or groups of
stockholders holding shares of any one class which represent at least 10% of our
total equity capitalization to designate one director of the relevant series per
each 10% held, the holders of the Series B shares have the right to elect the
remaining members of our board of directors. As of April 29, 1999, the date of
our last general stockholders' meeting, approximately 62.37% of the Series A
shares, 41.25% of the Series B shares and 7.53% of the Series C shares were
owned (beneficially or of record) by Fernando Senderos Mestre and other members
of his family. As a result of the shares owned by the Senderos family together
with additional shares as to which Fernando Senderos Mestre exercises voting
control (see the table below and Item 11. "Compensation of Directors and
Officers" for information about these additional shares), the Senderos family
has the power to elect a majority of our board of directors, to control our
general management and to determine the outcome of substantially all matters
requiring stockholder approval. The holders of Series C shares and American
Depositary Shares (each representing 20 Series C shares) have limited voting
rights that entitle them to vote only upon the matters designated in the
corporate charter. These matters are the extension of our duration, our
dissolution, our transformation from one type of corporation into another, the
change of our nationality, the change of our designated corporate purposes, our
merger into another corporation, and the cancellation of the registration of our
shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange.
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<PAGE> 31
In September 1998, we split our stock 5 to 1. Our American Depositary
Shares were not split. As a result of the stock split, each American Depositary
Share now represents 20 Series C shares instead of four shares prior to the
split. As of April 29, 1999, our outstanding capital stock consisted of
1,492,363,425 shares, comprised of 620,400,900 Series A shares, 554,096,760
Series B shares and 317,865,765 Series C shares. An additional 15,864,000 Series
A shares, 12,168,140 Series B shares and 887,000 Series C shares had been
repurchased by us and were held as treasury shares. Under our bylaws, the Series
A shares and the Series B shares may be held only by Mexican investors. The
Series C shares may be held by Mexican and non-Mexican investors, but under
applicable law the Series C shares may not be held by foreign governments or
official agencies of foreign governments.
The following table presents information with respect to the ownership of
Desc's Series A, B and C shares, as of April 29, 1999, by each stockholder known
to us to own beneficially more than 10% of our outstanding Series A, B or C
shares and by all of our officers and directors as a group:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF SHARES OWNED
-------------------------------------------
NAME SERIES A SERIES B SERIES C
- ---- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Fernando Senderos Mestre(1)(2) 309,375,245 0 0
Lucia Senderos de Gomez(1)(3) 0 134,812,955 9,318,680
Officers, directors and alternate directors
as a group (44 persons)(2) 425,295,580 52,220,240 12,679,720
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OWNED
------------------------------------------
NAME SERIES A SERIES B SERIES C
- ---- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Fernando Senderos Mestre(1)(2) 49.87% 0.00% 0.00%
Lucia Senderos de Gomez(1)(3) 0.00 24.33 2.93
Officers, directors and alternate directors
as a group (44 persons)(2) 68.55 9.42 3.99
</TABLE>
(1) Lucia Senderos de Gomez and Fernando Senderos Mestre are siblings. Lucia
Senderos de Gomez is the wife of Carlos Gomez y Gomez, a director of
Desc.
(2) Includes shares owned by SEN, S.A. de C.V., a corporation wholly-owned by
Fernando Senderos Mestre. Does not include the 41,786,915 Series A shares
and 6,942,745 Series B shares owned by our pension funds, for which
Fernando Senderos Mestre and other officers and directors serve as
trustees or members of the investment committee, or shares owned by Lucia
Senderos de Gomez. Does not include approximately 9,107,480 Series A
shares, and 28,315 Series C shares currently owned by the trust referred
to under "Item 11. Compensation of Directors and Officers", as to which
Fernando Senderos Mestre has voting control.
(3) Does not include 2,345,030 Series A shares, 564,000 Series B shares and
78,505 Series C shares owned by Carlos Gomez y Gomez, the husband of
Lucia Senderos de Gomez.
ITEM 5. NATURE OF TRADING MARKET.
All three series of our common stock are listed on the Mexican Stock
Exchange. On July 14, 1994, we commenced a public offering of our Series C
shares in the national and international markets. In this offering we sold
1,700,000 ADSs in the United States, 600,000 ADSs outside the United States and
Mexico and 7,600,000 Series C shares in Mexico. Each ADS represented 4 Series C
shares at the time of sale.
In July 1996, we completed a second public offering of our Series C
shares in the national and international markets. In this offering we sold
2,100,000 ADSs in the United States, 750,000 ADSs outside the United States and
Mexico and 4,747,802 Series
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<PAGE> 32
C shares in Mexico. Concurrent with this offering, we sold an additional
1,578,947 ADSs to a stockholder who was then a director of Desc in a directed
placement. Each ADS represented 4 Series C shares at the time of sale.
The ADSs are evidenced by American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") issued by
Citibank, N.A., as Depositary under the Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement,
dated as of June 29, 1994, effective as of July 20, 1994, and amended as of July
15, 1996, among Desc, the Depositary and the holders from time to time of ADRs.
Each ADS currently represents twenty Series C shares. The ADSs are traded on the
New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "DES." The Mexican Stock Exchange
trading symbol for the Series C shares is "Desc C".
As of April 29, 1999, approximately 267,429,600 of the Series C shares
were held in the form of ADSs. It is not practicable for us to determine the
proportion of Series C shares beneficially owned by U.S. persons.
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low
sales prices of the Series C shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange in nominal
Pesos and the high and low sales prices of the ADSs on the New York Stock
Exchange in Dollars. These prices are not representative of the prices for the
Series A and Series B shares for these periods:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MEXICAN NEW YORK
STOCK EXCHANGE STOCK EXCHANGE
PESOS PER DOLLARS
SERIES C SHARE(1) PER ADS
----------------- -------
HIGH LOW HIGH LOW
---- --- ---- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1997:
First Quarter Ps.11.00 Ps. 8.54 $28.38 $21.75
Second Quarter 11.90 9.89 29.25 25.12
Third Quarter 16.26 11.54 41.81 29.00
Fourth Quarter 16.62 11.98 43.25 28.00
1998:
First Quarter Ps.15.08 Ps.11.28 $37.68 $27.25
Second Quarter 13.14 8.69 31.56 18.87
Third Quarter 11.48 5.50 25.87 8.87
Fourth Quarter 10.50 6.40 21.12 12.62
</TABLE>
(1) We have adjusted the sales prices of the Series C shares for the periods
presented to retroactivity reflect the 5 for 1 stock split effected on
September 8, 1999.
As of June 25, 1999, the closing sales price of the Series C shares on
the Mexican Stock Exchange was Ps.10.24 and the closing sales price of the ADSs
on the New York Stock Exchange was $21.81.
Dine's 8 3/4% Guaranteed Notes due 2007 were listed on the Luxembourg
Stock Exchange on June 21, 1999. They are not listed on any other stock
exchange. It is not
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<PAGE> 33
practicable for us to determine the proportion of Dine Notes beneficially owned
by U.S. persons.
TRADING ON THE MEXICAN STOCK EXCHANGE
The Mexican Stock Exchange was founded in 1894 and has operated
continuously since 1907. The Mexican Stock Exchange is located in Mexico City
and it is Mexico's only stock exchange. The Mexican Stock Exchange is organized
as a corporation and its shares are held by 33 brokerage firms. Trading on the
Mexican Stock Exchange takes place principally on the floor of the Exchange,
which is open each business day between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.,
Mexico City time. The Mexican Stock Exchange operates a system of automatic
suspension of dealing in shares of a particular issuer as a means of controlling
excessive price volatility. The automatic suspension system, however, does not
apply to equity securities, such as the Desc's Series C shares, which trade,
directly or in the form of depositary shares, in markets other than the Mexican
Stock Exchange, including the New York Stock Exchange and automated quotation
systems.
Settlement is effected two trading days after a share transaction on the
Mexican Stock Exchange. Deferred settlements, even if by mutual agreement, are
not permitted without the approval of the Comision Nacional Bancaria y de
Valores (the National Banking and Securities Commission or the "CNBV"). Most
securities traded on the Mexican Stock Exchange, including our shares, are on
deposit with S.D. Indeval, S.A. de C.V., Sociedad para el Deposito de Valores
("INDEVAL"), a privately owned central securities depositary that acts as a
clearing house, depositary, custodian, settlement, transfer and registration
institution for Mexican Stock Exchange transactions, eliminating the need for
physical transfer of securities. Holders of ADSs generally will be able to
obtain physical certificates representing the C Shares evidenced by the ADSs.
As of December 31, 1998, the shares of 195 Mexican companies, excluding
mutual funds, were listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange. In 1998, the ten most
actively traded equity issues represented approximately 64% of the total volume
of equity issues (other than mutual funds) traded on the Mexican Stock Exchange,
excluding public offerings of securities which were effected on the Mexican
Stock Exchange in 1998. There is no active over-the-counter market for equity
securities in Mexico. As of December 31, 1998, the total market value of all
shares, excluding mutual funds, listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange was
Ps.907.4 billion.
ITEM 6. EXCHANGE RATES AND OTHER LIMITATIONS AFFECTING SECURITY HOLDERS.
EXCHANGE RATES
Mexico has had a free market for foreign exchange since it repealed its
exchange control rules effective November 11, 1991.
Before December 21, 1994, Banco de Mexico, the Mexican Central Bank, kept
the Peso-Dollar exchange rate within a range prescribed by the Mexican
Government through intervention in the foreign exchange market. Within the
range, the Banco de Mexico generally intervened to reduce day-to-day
fluctuations in the exchange rate.
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<PAGE> 34
On December 21, 1994, the Mexican Government announced its decision to
suspend intervention by Banco de Mexico and to allow the Peso to float freely
against the Dollar. Factors contributing to the decision included the growing
size of Mexico's current account deficit, the declining level of Banco de
Mexico's foreign exchange reserves, rising interest rates for other currencies,
especially the Dollar, and reduced confidence in the Mexican economy on the part
of international investors due to political uncertainty. By December 31, 1994
the exchange rate, as quoted by Banco de Mexico, was Ps.5.00 per Dollar,
compared to Ps.3.47 per Dollar on December 19, 1994. The Peso was highly
volatile throughout 1995, fluctuating between Ps.7.68 and Ps.5.92 per Dollar.
The Peso fluctuated between Ps.8.05 and Ps.7.39 per Dollar during 1996, between
Ps.8.38 and Ps.7.72 per Dollar during 1997, and between Ps. 10.63 and Ps. 8.03
per Dollar during 1998. As of December 31, 1998, the exchange rate quoted by
Banco de Mexico was Ps.9.9395 per Dollar. The Mexican Government has indicated
that the band will not be reinstituted, and the free market rate will be
permitted to fluctuate according to supply and demand. However, the Mexican
Government might not maintain its current policies with regard to the Peso and
the Peso might fluctuate significantly in the future.
Except for the period from September through December 1982 during the
Mexican liquidity crisis, Banco de Mexico consistently has made foreign currency
available to Mexican private sector entities, such as Desc, to meet their
foreign currency obligations and has not adopted any measure to control the
availability of foreign currency since November 11, 1991. Nevertheless, if there
were renewed shortages of foreign currency, Banco de Mexico might not continue
to make foreign currency available to private sector companies, and foreign
currency needed by Desc to service foreign currency obligations might be
available for purchase in the open market only at substantial additional cost.
The following table lists, for the periods indicated, the period-end,
average, high and low Noon Buying Rate for the purchase and sale of Dollars,
presented in each case as the average between the purchase and sale rates,
expressed in Pesos per Dollar:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NOON BUYING RATE
YEAR ENDED ----------------------------------------------------
DECEMBER 31, PERIOD END AVERAGE(1) HIGH LOW
- ------------ ---------- ---------- ---- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1994................................... 5.00 3.48 3.11 5.75
1995................................... 7.74 6.53 5.27 8.05
1996................................... 7.88 7.63 7.33 8.05
1997................................... 8.07 7.97 7.72 8.41
1998 .................................. 9.90 9.24 8.04 10.63
</TABLE>
- -------------
(1) Average of month-end rates.
RESTRICTIONS ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT.
Foreign investment in the capital stock of Mexican companies is regulated
by the 1993 Ley de Inversion Extranjera (the "FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW") and the
1998
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regulations promulgated under the Foreign Investment Law (the "FOREIGN
INVESTMENT REGULATIONS"). The Foreign Investment Law defines foreign investment
as (i) the participation of foreign investors in the capital stock of Mexican
corporations, or investments made in the capital stock of Mexican corporations
by a Mexican corporation in which foreign capital has a majority participation,
and (ii) the participation of foreign investors in those activities that are
regulated by the Foreign Investment Law. Foreign investors are defined as
individuals or entities that are not Mexican nationals. The Comision Nacional de
Inversiones Extranjeras (the "FOREIGN INVESTMENT COMMISSION") and the Registro
Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras (the National Registry of Foreign
Investments) of the Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development are
responsible for the administration of the Foreign Investment Law and the Foreign
Investment Regulations. In order to comply with foreign investment restrictions,
Mexican companies typically limit particular classes of their stock to ownership
by Mexican individuals and Mexican corporations in which foreign investment has
a minority participation.
As a general rule, the Foreign Investment Law allows foreign investment
in up to 100% of the capital stock of Mexican companies except for those engaged
in restricted industries. With respect to restricted industries, the Foreign
Investment Law not only limits or forbids share ownership but also requires that
Mexican stockholders retain the power to determine the administrative control
and the management of those corporations. Restricted industries currently
include retail trade in gasoline and distribution of liquid petroleum gas, radio
broadcasting, credit unions, development banks, land transportation of
passengers, tourists and freight in Mexico other than messenger and package
delivery services, and the rendering of specified professional and technical
services. Desc and its subsidiaries currently do not engage in any restricted
industry.
Under the Foreign Investment Law and our bylaws, the Series C shares are
not taken into account in determining compliance with restrictions on foreign
ownership due to their limited voting rights. Accordingly, unlike the Series A
and B shares, the C shares are not restricted to Mexican ownership. Under
applicable law, however, the Series C shares may not be held by foreign
governments or official agencies of foreign governments. A holder that directly
acquires Series A or B shares in violation of the restrictions on foreign
investment contained in our bylaws will not have any of the rights of a
stockholder with respect to those shares, the acquisition will be null and void,
and the corresponding shares will be cancelled.
Neither applicable Mexican law nor Dine's bylaws (estatutos sociales)
impose any limitation on the right of non-Mexican investors to hold Dine's
8 3/4% Guaranteed Notes due 2007.
ITEM 7. TAXATION
TAX TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO
The United States and Mexico have signed and ratified a Convention for
the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion with Respect
to Taxes on Income and Protocols thereto. We refer to this Convention as the
"TAX TREATY." The Tax Treaty is currently in effect and we summarize below the
provisions of the Tax
35
<PAGE> 36
Treaty that may affect holders of ADSs, Series C shares and Dine Notes who are
residents of the United States (as defined in the Tax Treaty).
MEXICAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR HOLDERS OF ADSs AND SERIES C
SHARES
The following is a summary of the principal consequences under current
Mexican federal tax law and the Tax Treaty of the purchase, ownership and
disposition of ADSs or Series C shares by a holder that is not a resident of
Mexico. This summary does not address the tax laws of any state or municipality
in Mexico. Readers are cautioned that this is not a complete analysis or listing
of all potential tax effects that may be relevant to a decision to purchase ADSs
or Series C shares.
For purposes of Mexican taxation, an individual is a resident of Mexico
if he has established his home in Mexico, unless he has resided in another
country for more than 183 days, whether consecutive or not, during a calendar
year and can demonstrate that he has become a resident of that other country for
tax purposes. In general, a legal entity established under Mexican law or having
its principal management in Mexico is deemed a resident of Mexico. A person
having a permanent establishment or a fixed base in Mexico will be regarded as a
resident of Mexico and will be required to pay taxes in Mexico in accordance
with applicable law in respect of all Mexican-source income.
Taxation of dividends
As a result of amendments to the Mexican Income Tax Law which became
effective on January 1, 1999, dividends paid either in cash or in any other form
to Mexican individuals and to all non-Mexican shareholders, whether individuals
or entities, with respect to the ADSs or the Series C shares represented by
ADSs, are subject to a 5% Mexican withholding tax on the product that results
from multiplying the amount of the dividend paid and 1.5385. This results in an
effective tax rate of approximately 7.7%. The Tax Treaty limits the rate of
withholding tax on dividends to be received by U.S. residents to 5% if the
beneficial owner is a company that owns 10% of the voting stock of Desc (a "10%
SHAREHOLDER") or 10% for all other U.S. residents. The Tax Treaty is not
expected to have a material effect on the Mexican tax consequences to U.S.
holders of the ADSs or Series C shares that are not 10% shareholders so long as
the rate of withholding tax in effect under Mexican Income Tax Law and
regulations is less than the rate imposed by the Tax Treaty.
Taxation of capital gains
Gains on the sale or other disposition of ADSs by holders who are not
residents of Mexico will not be subject to Mexican tax. Deposits of Series C
shares in exchange for ADSs and withdrawals of Series C shares in exchange for
ADSs will not give rise to Mexican taxes.
Gains on the sale of Series C shares by holders who are not residents of
Mexico will not be subject to any Mexican tax if the transaction is carried out
either through the Mexican Stock Exchange or through a recognized exchange. A
recognized exchange is an exchange or quotation system that has operated for at
least 5 years and has been duly
36
<PAGE> 37
authorized to operate under the laws of a country where taxes on interest from a
foreign source are imposed a rate of at least 15% . Gains on the sale or other
disposition of Series C shares made in other circumstances may be subject to
Mexican taxes.
The Tax Treaty exempts United States residents from Mexican capital gains
taxes on dispositions of stock (whether or not those dispositions are carried
out through the Mexican Stock Exchange or a recognized exchange), provided that
(i) during the 12-month period before the disposition, the U.S. resident did not
hold, directly or indirectly, an equity interest of 25% or more in the Mexican
company, (ii) less than 50% of the assets of the Mexican company consist of
immovable property situated in Mexico or (iii) the gain is not attributable to a
permanent establishment or fixed base in Mexico of the U.S. resident.
Other Mexican taxes
There are no Mexican inheritance, gift or succession taxes applicable to
the ownership, transfer or disposition of ADSs or Series C shares, although
gratuitous transfers of Series C shares may in some circumstances cause a
Mexican federal tax to be imposed on the recipient. There are no Mexican stamp,
issue, registration or similar taxes or duties payable by holders of ADSs or
Series C shares.
MEXICAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR HOLDERS OF DINE NOTES
The following is a summary of the principal consequences under current
Mexican federal tax law and the Tax Treaty of the purchase, ownership and
disposition by a Foreign Holder of Dine's 8 3/4% Guaranteed Notes due 2007,
which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Desc (the "NOTES"). A "FOREIGN
HOLDER" is a holder who (1) is not a resident of Mexico for tax purposes and (2)
will not hold Notes or a beneficial interest in Notes in connection with the
conduct of a trade or business through a permanent establishment or a fixed base
in Mexico. This summary does not address the tax laws of any state or
municipality in Mexico. Readers are cautioned that this is not a complete
analysis or listing of all potential tax effects that may be relevant to a
decision to purchase Notes.
Taxation of payments of interest and principal
Under the Mexican Income Tax Law, payments of interest made by Dine or by
Desc to a Foreign Holder in respect of the Notes will be subject to Mexican
withholding taxes assessed at a rate of 10% if, as is the case, the Notes have
been registered with the Special Section of the National Registry for Securities
and Intermediaries (the "SPECIAL SECTION"). In addition, under a Disposicion
Transitoria in effect until December 31, 1999, payments of interest made by Dine
or by Desc to a Foreign Holder in respect of the Notes may be subject to a
reduced 4.9% Mexican withholding tax rate if in addition to the Notes being
registered with the Special Section, (A) the effective beneficiary resides in a
country which has entered into a treaty to avoid double taxation with Mexico,
(B) that treaty is in effect, and (C) the requirements for the application of a
lower rate established in the treaty are satisfied.
37
<PAGE> 38
In addition, under the general rules issued by the Mexican Ministry of
Finance and Public Credit (the "REDUCED RATE REGULATION"), payments of interest
made by Dine or by Desc to Foreign Holders in respect of Notes will be subject
to withholding taxes imposed at a rate of 4.9% (the "REDUCED RATE") until March
31, 2000 (or thereafter if as has been the case in the past, the effectiveness
of a rule equivalent to the Reduced Rate Regulation is extended), regardless of
the place of residence or tax regime applicable to the Foreign Holder recipient
of the interest, if:
- the Notes, as is the case, are registered in the Special Section;
- Dine, as is the case, has timely filed with the Ministry of
Finance and Public Credit information relating to the registration
of the Notes in the Special Section and to the issuance of the
Notes; and
- Dine timely files each quarter of the calendar year with the
Ministry of Finance and Public Credit information representing
that no "party related" to Dine, directly or indirectly, is the
effective beneficiary of 5% or more of the aggregate amount of the
interest payment, and Dine maintains records evidencing compliance
with this requirement.
Under the Reduced Rate Regulation any of the following would be a "party
related" to Dine: (1) shareholders of Dine that own, directly or indirectly,
individually or collectively with related persons (within the meaning of the
Reduced Rate Regulation) more than 10% of Dine's voting stock or (2)
corporations if more than 20% of their stock is owned directly or indirectly,
individually or collectively by related persons of Dine.
Apart from the Reduced Rate Regulation, other special rates of Mexican
withholding income tax may apply. In particular, under the Tax Treaty, the
Mexican withholding tax is reduced to 4.9% (the "TREATY RATE") for some holders
that are residents of the United States within the meaning of the Tax Treaty
provided they satisfy the circumstances contemplated in the Tax Treaty. However,
during 1999, the Tax Treaty is not expected, generally, to have any material
effect on the Mexican tax consequences to holders of Notes because, as described
above, under Mexican Income Tax Law and regulations as currently in effect, with
respect to a United States holder that meets the Reduced Rate Regulation
requirements described above, Dine will be entitled to withhold taxes in
connection with interest payments under the Notes at the Reduced Rate. From
March 2000 and beyond, holders of the Notes should consult their tax advisors as
to the possible application of the Treaty Rate.
Interest paid on Notes held by a non-Mexican pension or retirement fund
will be exempt from Mexican withholding tax if the fund (1) has been duly
incorporated as a fund pursuant to the laws of its country of origin, (2) is the
effective beneficiary of the interest paid, (3) is registered with the Ministry
of Finance and Public Credit for that purpose, and (4) is exempt from income
taxation in its country of origin and the relevant interest income is exempt
from taxes in that country.
Dine and Desc, as guarantor of the Notes, have agreed, subject to the
exceptions and limitations contained in the indenture under which the Notes were
issued, to pay
38
<PAGE> 39
additional amounts in respect of the Mexican withholding taxes mentioned above
to the holders of the Notes.
Under the Mexican Income Tax Law, a Foreign Holder will not be subject to
any Mexican income taxes in respect of payments of principal made by Dine or by
Desc in connection with the Notes.
Taxation of dispositions
Capital gains resulting from the sale or other disposition of Notes by a
Foreign Holder may be subject to a tax at a rate of 10%. However under general
rules issued by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit which are in effect
until March 31, 2000, no income tax will apply to any capital gains resulting
from the sale or other disposition of the Notes as long as:
(1) the income tax applicable to interest payments under the Notes is
duly withheld and paid to the Ministry of Finance and Public
Credit by us, as has been the case; and
(2) the Notes, as is the case, are registered in the Special Section.
The Tax Treaty exempts U.S. residents from Mexican income tax on
dispositions of the Notes. However, during 1999, the Tax Treaty is not expected,
generally, to have any material effect on the Mexican tax consequences to U.S.
residents that own the Notes because under the general rules issued by the
Ministry of Finance and Public Credit discussed above, no income tax applies to
capital gains resulting from the sale or other disposition of the Notes so long
as the criteria described above are met.
Transfer and other taxes
There are no Mexican stamp, registration, or similar taxes payable by a
Foreign Holder in connection with the purchase ownership or disposition of the
Notes. A Foreign Holder of Notes will not be liable for Mexican estate, gift,
inheritance or similar tax with respect to the Notes, although gratuitous
transfers of the Notes may in some circumstances cause a Mexican income tax to
be imposed on the recipient.
ITEM 8. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table presents selected consolidated financial data of Desc
for the fiscal years 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998. You should read this
information in conjunction with the Financial Statements included elsewhere in
this annual report. The Financial Statements have been audited by Arthur
Andersen, our independent public accountants. The Financial Statements have been
prepared in accordance with Mexican GAAP, which differ in significant respects
from U.S. GAAP, in particular by requiring Mexican companies to recognize
effects of inflation. Notes 16, 17 and 18 to the Financial Statements provide a
description of the principal differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as
they relate to Desc, and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of Desc's net income and
stockholders' equity. The effect of inflation accounting principles has not been
reversed in the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. Net income information
39
<PAGE> 40
included in the following tables consists of "majority net income," as referred
to in the Financial Statements, and therefore is net of minority interests
attributable to third party equity interests in some of our subsidiaries, unless
the context otherwise requires.
Beginning with our 1998 financial statements, we have changed the
segments that we previously used to report Girsa's operations to reflect more
accurately the markets where Girsa's products ultimately are sold. As a result
of the new reporting segments, Girsa's "petrochemical" segment includes
synthetic rubber, polystyrene, phenol, and carbon black. A second segment,
Girsa's "diversified products" segment, includes phosphates, natural pigments,
acrylics, laminate plastics, particle board, water proofing products and
adhesives. Accordingly, in this annual report, we have restated our financial
information for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996, 1995 and 1994 to
reflect the change in the reporting segments.
Mexico experienced high inflation in some of the periods covered by the
Financial Statements. The annual rates of inflation in Mexico, as measured by
changes in the NCPI, were 7.1% in 1994, 52.0% in 1995, 27.7% in 1996, 15.7% in
1997 and 18.6% in 1998. In accordance with Mexican GAAP rules on inflation
accounting, the Financial Statements recognize effects of inflation and restate
data for prior periods in constant Pesos of December 31, 1998. Accordingly,
financial data for all periods in the selected consolidated financial
information derived from the Financial Statements and presented below have been
restated in constant Pesos of December 31, 1998.
40
<PAGE> 41
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1998
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- -----------
(In thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INCOME STATEMENT DATA:
MEXICAN GAAP:
Net sales................................. Ps.14,745,020 Ps.15,734,457 Ps.16,449,391 Ps.19,162,645 Ps.21,388,858 $2,151,905
Cost of sales............................. 10,799,112 11,387,265 11,635,475 13,952,626 15,410,111 1,550,391
Gross profit.............................. 3,945,908 4,347,192 4,813,916 5,210,019 5,978,747 601,514
Operating expenses........................ 2,445,139 2,298,372 2,164,233 2,313,010 2,893,555 291,117
Operating income.......................... 1,500,769 2,048,820 2,649,683 2,897,009 3,085,192 310,397
Comprehensive financial result............ (3,177,423) (1,156,006) 957,039 56,543 (1,178,547) (118,572)
Equity in associated companies and
unconsolidated subsidiaries............ (4,701) (90,598) 42,875 (49,497) (108,170) (10,883)
Other expense, net........................ (51,840) (74,683) (28,050) (46,846) (12,973) (1,305)
Provision for income taxes and
employee profit sharing................ 105,504 200,107 322,061 297,562 434,709 43,735
Income (loss) before extraordinary items.. (1,838,699) 527,426 3,299,486 2,559,647 1,350,793 135,902
Extraordinary items(1).................... (282,621) (20,202) (222,905) 32,220 0 0
Net Income (loss) before minority interest (2,121,320) 507,224 3,076,581 2,591,867 1,350,793 135,902
Minority interest......................... 148,888 (55,609) (470,058) (444,692) (425,976) (42,857)
Net income (loss)......................... (1,972,432) 451,615 2,606,523 2,147,175 924,817 93,045
Net income (loss) per share(2)............ (1.46) 0.32 1.81 1.42 0.61 0.06
Net income (loss) per ADS(3).............. (29.20) 6.40 36.20 28.40 12.20 1.20
Dividends per share....................... 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.52 0.05
Dividends per ADS......................... 5.20 0.00 0.00 2.80 10.40 1.00
APPROXIMATE U.S. GAAP AMOUNTS:
Net sales................................. Ps.14,783,186 Ps.15,746,632 Ps.16,489,429 Ps.19,163,031 Ps.21,387,037 $2,151,722
Operating income.......................... 1,255,741 2,079,728 2,639,187 2,553,247 2,994,922 301,315
Majority income (loss) from continuing
operations before extraordinary items.. (2,184,297) (564,616) 2,697,386 1,215,469 1,097,662 110,434
Net income (loss)......................... (2,184,297) (564,616) 2,697,386 1,215,469 1,097,662 110,434
Net income (loss) per share(2)............ (1.62) (0.40) (1.87) (0.80) 0.73 0.07
Net income (loss) per ADS(3).............. (32.40) (8.00) (37.40) (16.00) 14.60 1.40
BALANCE SHEET DATA (AT PERIOD END):
MEXICAN GAAP:
Assets:
Total current assets...................... Ps. 6,879,410 Ps. 5,444,985 Ps. 5,788,357 Ps. 7,584,213 Ps. 7,984,001 $ 803,260
Land held for development and real estate
projects in progress................... 2,966,136 3,372,036 3,058,525 2,647,899 3,415,613 343,640
Investments in shares..................... 1,054,021 859,481 427,483 395,604 125,776 12,654
Property, plant and equipment, net........ 13,935,472 13,944,587 12,239,433 12,278,250 13,651,806 1,373,490
Total assets.............................. 25,280,514 24,108,103 22,041,260 24,086,242 27,526,337 2,769,389
Liabilities:
Short-term debt(4)........................ 5,284,700 3,799,840 2,156,303 2,963,413 3,501,020 352,233
Long-term debt(5)......................... 5,595,295 5,931,745 4,682,937 5,332,025 6,866,359 690,815
Total liabilities ........................ 13,416,550 12,121,436 9,530,522 10,973,682 13,574,262 1,365,688
Stockholders' equity:
Total stockholders' equity including
minority interest(6)................... 11,863,964 11,986,667 12,510,738 13,112,560 13,952,075 1,403,701
Total liabilities and stockholders'
equity(6)(7)........................... 25,280,514 24,108,103 22,041,260 24,086,242 27,526,337 2,769,389
APPROXIMATE U.S. GAAP AMOUNTS:
Property, plant and equipment, net........ Ps.13,334,294 Ps.13,502,326 Ps.11,888,555 Ps.12,697,719 Ps.14,217,183 $1,430,372
Total assets.............................. 25,124,866 23,562,366 21,902,512 24,882,820 28,403,132 2,857,602
Short-term debt........................... 5,284,700 3,799,840 2,156,303 2,963,413 3,501,020 352,233
Long-term debt............................ 5,595,295 5,931,745 4,682,937 5,332,025 6,866,359 690,815
Stockholders' equity(6)................... 7,198,209 6,770,536 7,729,057 8,588,249 8,223,732 827,379
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 42
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1998
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ -----------
(In thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
OTHER DATA:
Working capital(8)....................... Ps. 2,393,686 Ps. 2,052,244 Ps. 1,836,324 Ps. 3,521,530 Ps. 3,768,366 $ 379,131
Depreciation and amortization(9).......... 667,981 836,730 811,127 785,329 931,992 93,766
Operating cash flow (EBITDA)(10).......... 2,168,750 2,885,550 3,460,810 3,682,338 4,017,184 404,163
Capital expenditures(11).................. 2,234,934 1,281,395 1,886,218 2,477,344 3,632,885 365,499
Investments in real estate projects(12)... 970,841 708,816 278,572 131,949 445,288 44,800
Dividends paid............................ 316,710 -- -- 213,060 778,881 78,362
Dividends paid to minority interest....... 79,123 -- 9,486 197,524 240,224 24,168
Number of employees....................... 19,288 17,020 18,880 22,152 23,664 23,664
Weighted average shares outstanding...... 1,351,615 1,404,215 1,443,300 1,515,183 1,506,981 1,506,981
NET SALES:
Automotive Parts......................... Ps. 5,873,146 Ps. 4,951,506 Ps. 6,047,256 Ps. 7,839,560 Ps. 8,887,430 $ 894,153
Petrochemicals........................... 2,952,068 4,864,832 4,476,068 3,692,771 3,418,124 343,893
Diversified Products..................... 3,082,904 3,702,065 3,425,469 3,428,373 3,491,644 351,290
Food..................................... 1,765,500 1,877,077 2,237,335 3,739,916 4,839,830 486,929
Real Estate.............................. 1,071,402 338,977 263,263 441,601 731,621 73,607
Desc(13)................................. 0 0 0 20,424 20,209 2,033
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ----------
Total Ps.14,745,020 Ps.15,734,457 Ps.16,449,391 Ps.19,162,645 Ps.21,388,858 $2,151,905
COST OF SALES AND OPERATING EXPENSES:
Automotive Parts......................... Ps. 5,189,171 Ps. 4,375,622 Ps. 5,036,558 Ps. 6,662,350 Ps. 7,533,381 $ 757,924
Petrochemicals........................... 2,857,925 3,887,550 3,518,524 2,985,360 2,809,898 282,700
Diversified Products..................... 2,762,885 3,315,117 2,985,002 2,986,767 3,035,887 305,437
Food..................................... 1,709,998 1,867,986 2,033,048 3,251,747 4,403,955 443,076
Real Estate.............................. 700,512 216,662 200,858 328,698 469,878 47,273
Desc(14)................................. 24,410 22,700 25,718 50,714 50,667 5,098
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ----------
Total................................. Ps.13,244,251 Ps.13,685,637 Ps.13,799,708 Ps.16,265,636 Ps.18,303,666 $1,841,508
OPERATING INCOME:
Automotive Parts......................... Ps. 683,975 Ps. 575,884 Ps. 1,010,698 Ps. 1,177,210 Ps. 1,354,049 $ 136,229
Petrochemicals........................... 94,773 977,282 957,544 707,411 608,226 61,193
Diversified Products..................... 320,039 386,948 440,467 441,606 455,757 45,853
Food..................................... 55,502 9,091 204,287 488,169 435,875 43,853
Real Estate.............................. 370,890 122,315 62,405 112,903 261,743 26,334
Desc..................................... (24,410) (22,700) (25,718) (30,290) (30,458) (3,065)
------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ----------
Total................................. Ps. 1,500,769 Ps. 2,048,820 Ps. 2,649,683 Ps. 2,897,009 Ps. 3,085,192 $ 310,397
Equity in associated companies and
unconsolidated subsidiaries(15) Ps. (4,701) Ps. (90,597) Ps. 42,876 Ps. (49,497) Ps. (108,170) $ (10,883)
</TABLE>
- -------------------------------
(1) See note 13 to the Financial Statements for more information about
extraordinary items.
(2) Net income per share was calculated by dividing net income by the
weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period
retroactively reflecting the 5:1 stock split effected on September
8, 1998.
(3) Calculated as if the applicable number of outstanding shares were
all represented by ADSs at a ratio of 20 shares per ADS.
(4) At December 31, 1998, Ps.3,492,164 of short-term debt represented
the Peso equivalent of Dollar-denominated borrowing and the
balance of Ps.8,856 of short term debt represented
Peso-denominated borrowings. See note 9 to the Financial
Statements for more information about short-term debt.
(5) Excludes current portion of long-term debt. At December 31, 1998,
Ps.6,675,363 of long-term debt represented the Peso equivalent of
Dollar-denominated borrowings, and the balance of Ps.190,996 of
long-term debt represented Peso-denominated borrowings.
(6) Includes variable capital shares. See note 11 to the Financial
Statements for more information about stockholders' equity.
(7) Includes minority interest which does not constitute stockholders'
equity under U.S. GAAP.
(8) Defined as current assets except for cash, less current
liabilities except for short-term bank loans and current portion
of long-term debt and notes payable.
(9) Does not include amortization of goodwill.
(10) Defined as earnings before interest expense, tax, depreciation and
amortization. We have included EBITDA data as a convenience only,
because some investors and analysts use it to measure a company's
ability to service debt. EBITDA is not a
42
<PAGE> 43
measure of financial performance under either Mexican GAAP or
U.S. GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to net
income as a measure of operating performance. In evaluating
EBITDA, investors should consider that the methodology applied in
calculating EBITDA may differ among companies and analysts.
Investors relying on EBITDA should take into account that the
amount of EBITDA may not be available for debt service due to
other commitments and uncertainties in the operation of business.
(11) Includes expenditures related to the Santa Fe shopping mall in
which we have a 50.1% interest, including acquisitions of land,
construction costs, permits, architects' and engineering fees and
related items. Does not include expenditures for other projects in
our real estate sector.
(12) Includes expenditures made during the relevant period for
acquisitions of land, construction costs, permits, architects' and
engineering fees and related items, other than expenditures
related to the Santa Fe shopping mall.
(13) Represents sales by services company.
(14) Represents operating expenses allocable to holding company.
(15) For 1994 and 1995 reflects primarily our equity in the net income
of Grupo Financiero InverMexico, S.A. de C.V. (our unconsolidated
financial services investment, which has since been renamed Grupo
Financiero Santander Mexicano, S.A. de C.V. ("SANTANDER
MEXICANO"), and in the corporate services company. For 1996,
reflects primarily the corporate services company and a
special-purpose company whose only asset is an aircraft. For 1997
and 1998, reflects primarily the adjustment to market value of our
Santander Mexicano investment.
DIVIDENDS
All three series of shares are entitled to the same dividend and
distribution rights, and therefore any dividends must be declared and paid in
equal amounts with respect to all outstanding shares. We paid cash dividends on
the shares in 1994, did not pay cash dividends in 1995 or 1996, paid a stock
dividend in 1996, paid both cash and stock dividends in 1997, and paid cash
dividends in 1998. The table below presents the cash and stock dividends paid on
each share, as well as the number of shares entitled to these dividends during
the periods indicated. Dividend per share amounts have not been adjusted for
inflation, and reflect share amounts outstanding immediately prior to the
distribution of the dividend. Peso amounts have been translated into Dollars at
the Noon Buying Rate on the first date that the dividend was available for
payment:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER
OF SHARES
ENTITLED DIVIDENDS DIVIDENDS
PERIOD TO DIVIDENDS PER SHARE(1) PER SHARE
- ------ ------------ ------------ ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1994 252,531,258 Ps.0.45 $ 0.14
1995 273,091,084 0.00 0.00
1996(2) 273,091,084 0.00 0.00
1997(3) 301,244,072 0.55 0.07
1998(4) 304,256,513 1.20 0.14
1998(5) 1,492,814,425 0.25 0.02
</TABLE>
(1) Dividends reflected in the table are in nominal Pesos. If the amounts for
1994-1998 had been restated in constant Pesos of December 31, 1998, the
dividends per share would have been Ps.1.30 for 1994, Ps.0.00 for 1995
and 1996, Ps.0.70 for 1997 and (after giving retroactive effect to the 5
for 1 stock split) approximately Ps.0.52 for 1998.
(2) In the second quarter of 1996, we declared a stock dividend to holders of
Series A, B and C shares. The stock dividend was issued on May 13, 1996
to stockholders of record on May 9, 1996 and consisted of one Series C
share for each 48 previously outstanding Series A, B or C shares. After
giving effect to the stock dividend, we had 278,780,482 outstanding
shares.
(3) In the second quarter of 1997, we declared a stock dividend to holders of
Series A, B and C shares. The dividend was issued on May 9, 1997 to
stockholders of record on April 25, 1997 and consisted of one Series
43
<PAGE> 44
C share for each 100 previously outstanding Series A, B or C shares.
After giving effect to the stock dividend, we had 304,256,513 outstanding
shares.
(4) Paid in May 1998.
(5) Paid in December 1998, after the 5 for 1 split of all our shares effected
September 8, 1998.
In accordance with Mexican Law and our by-laws, at least 5% of our net
income, as reflected in the financial statements approved by our stockholders,
is allocated to a legal reserve until this reserve equals 20% of our paid-in
capital. We increased this reserve in April 1998 to reflect the increase in
paid-in-capital caused by the stock dividend declared in 1997. After this
allocation, the remainder of our net profits is available for distributions as
dividends subject to stockholders' approval and the terms of any applicable law
or indebtedness that restricts dividends.
The declaration, amount and payment of dividends are determined by
majority vote of the holders of the Series A shares and the Series B shares,
generally, but not necessarily, on the recommendation of our board of directors,
and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, cash
requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by the board of
directors and the holders of the Series A and the Series B shares. As a general
policy, approximately 35% of the legally available net income of Desc has been
paid annually to our stockholders. However, we decided not to pay dividends in
1995 in order to maintain our cash liquidity position; in 1996, we were not
permitted to pay cash dividends under the terms of indebtedness that has since
been repaid. The indenture that we executed in October 1997 with respect to
Dine's 8 3/4% Guaranteed Notes due 2007 limits our ability to pay dividends or
make other distributions. In addition, a $120 million credit facility entered
into by Desc and a group of banks on December 22, 1998, prohibits us from paying
dividends and making any other distribution to our stockholders until at least
the first quarter of 2000.
In the case of the Dine indenture, we are not permitted to pay dividends
or make other distributions if at the time of the dividend payment or
distribution, a Default or an Event of Default under the indenture has occurred
and is continuing, or if the payment or distribution exceeds, in the aggregate
since July 1, 1997, the sum of:
(1) the Consolidated Adjusted Majority Net Income of Desc,
which may be positive or negative, earned during the period
beginning on January 1, 1997 and ending on the last day of
the most recent fiscal quarter of Desc ended on or prior to
the date of the proposed dividend payment or distribution,
multiplied, if positive, by 50% or, if negative, by 100%;
plus
(2) if the amount determined as specified in clause (1) is
positive and if the Dine notes are Investment Grade at the
time the dividend payment or distribution is proposed to be
made, an additional 25% of the Consolidated Adjusted
Majority Net Income of Desc, if positive, for each full
fiscal quarter, if any, that falls entirely within the
period specified in clause (1) above and in which the Dine
notes are Investment Grade during the entire quarter; plus
44
<PAGE> 45
(3) the aggregate net cash proceeds received by Desc on or
after January 1, 1997 as capital contributions or from the
issuance or sale of (x) shares of non-redeemable capital
stock of Desc, including upon the exercise of options,
warrants or rights, or (y) warrants, options or rights to
purchase shares of non-redeemable capital stock of Desc;
plus
(4) the aggregate net cash proceeds received by Desc on or
after January 1, 1997 from the issuance or sale of debt
securities or redeemable capital stock of Desc that have
been converted into or exchanged for non-redeemable capital
stock of Desc, to the extent those securities were
originally sold for cash, together with the aggregate net
cash proceeds, if any, received by Desc at the time of the
conversion or exchange; plus
(5) $50 million.
Any amount described in the clauses above and denominated in Pesos will
be adjusted to reflect constant Pesos as of the date on which the relevant
dividend payment or distribution is proposed to be made. We may make dividend
payments or distributions of up to $30 million in the aggregate per fiscal year
without regard to the restrictions described in this paragraph so long as there
is no Default or Event of Default under the Dine indenture that is continuing.
In the case of the $120 million credit facility, we are not permitted to
pay dividends or make other distributions until we deliver to the banks that are
a party to the agreement a copy of our consolidated financial statements for the
quarter ended March 31, 2000. Thereafter, we may pay dividends or make other
distributions only if (i) the amount of dividends paid to us by our subsidiaries
during the four consecutive quarters ended on or immediately prior to the
proposed dividend payment or distribution is at least $75 million, (ii) after
giving effect to the proposed dividend payment or other distribution we meet the
specified interest coverage ratio and have no less than Ps.200 million in
unencumbered cash and cash equivalents at the holding company level, and (iii)
both before and immediately after giving effect to the proposed dividend payment
or other distribution, no default has occurred and is continuing under the
agreement.
The Dine indenture also requires that we maintain a specified
consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, while the $120 million credit facility
requires that we maintain a specified interest coverage ratio, a specified
minimum consolidated net worth, and specified minimum cash balances at the
holding company level and at the consolidated level. Maintaining these ratios
may indirectly have the effect of restricting dividends or other distributions.
The Dine indenture terminates in October 2007, upon payment and cancellation of
the Dine notes, while the $120 million credit facility matures in January 2001.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to pay dividends in the future or that
any future dividends will be comparable to historical dividends.
Owners of ADSs are entitled to receive any dividends payable in respect
of the Series C shares underlying the ADSs. The Depositary converts cash
dividends received by it in respect of Series C shares evidenced by ADSs from
Pesos into Dollars and, after
45
<PAGE> 46
deduction or upon payment of expenses of the Depositary, pays these dividends to
the holders of ADSs in Dollars.
ITEM 9. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the
Financial Statements included elsewhere in this annual report. The Financial
Statements have been prepared in accordance with Mexican GAAP, which differ in
significant respects from U.S. GAAP, in particular by requiring Mexican
companies to recognize effects of inflation. Notes 16, 17 and 18 to the
Financial Statements provide a description of the principal differences between
Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to Desc, and a reconciliation to U.S.
GAAP of our net income and stockholders' equity. Net income information included
in this section consists of "majority net income," as referred to in the
Financial Statements, and therefore is net of minority interests attributable to
third party equity interests in some of our subsidiaries, unless the context
otherwise requires.
Beginning with our 1998 financial statements, we have changed the
segments that we previously used to report Girsa's operations to reflect more
accurately the markets where Girsa's products ultimately are sold. As a result
of the new reporting segments, Girsa's "petrochemical" segment includes
synthetic rubber, polystyrene, phenol, and carbon black. A second segment,
Girsa's "diversified products" segment, includes phosphates, natural pigments,
acrylics, laminate plastics, particle board, water proofing products and
adhesives. Accordingly, in this annual report, we have restated our financial
information for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 to reflect the change
in the reporting segments.
Mexico experienced high inflation in some of the periods covered by the
Financial Statements. The annual rates of inflation in Mexico, as measured by
changes in the NCPI, were 27.7% in 1996, 15.7% in 1997 and 18.6% in 1998.
Mexican GAAP requires that the Financial Statements recognize the effects of
inflation. Financial statements are adjusted by applying NCPI factors. As a
result, financial statements prepared under Mexican GAAP are stated in constant
terms, that is, with adjustment for inflation, rather than in nominal terms.
Therefore, all data for all periods in the Financial Statements, and the
financial information derived from the Financial Statements and presented in
this section, unless otherwise indicated, have been restated in constant Pesos
as of December 31, 1998. Increases or decreases shown as percentages reflect
variations in constant Pesos. Peso figures are in thousands of constant Pesos,
unless otherwise noted.
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN MEXICO
Beginning in December 1994 Mexico experienced an economic crisis
characterized by exchange rate instability and devaluation of the Peso, high
inflation, high domestic interest rates, negative economic growth, reduced
consumer purchasing power and high unemployment. The economic crisis resulted in
part from a series of internal disruptions and political and economic events
that adversely affected the Mexican economy and undermined the confidence of
investors in Mexico. These adverse conditions in Mexico also resulted in an
increase in the annual rate of inflation from 7.1%
46
<PAGE> 47
in 1994 to 52.0% in 1995, and a liquidity crisis affecting the ability of the
Mexican government and the banking system to refinance or refund maturing debt
issues. Mexican interest rates, which averaged 14.1% per annum for 28-day Cetes
(Mexican treasury bills) during 1994, increased to an average of 48.4% during
1995. According to government estimates, Mexico's gross domestic product ("GDP")
fell by 6.2% in 1995. Mexico's gross international reserves fell sharply at the
end of 1994, from $24.5 billion at December 31, 1993 to $6.1 billion at December
31, 1994, and were $15.7 billion at December 31, 1995, as reported by the Banco
de Mexico.
Economic conditions in Mexico improved somewhat during 1996, 1997 and
1998. The inflation rate fell to 27.7% in 1996, interest rates on 28-day Cetes
fell to an average 31.3% annual rate in 1996, and on December 31, 1996, the
28-day Cetes rate was 25.7% annually. Mexico's GDP increased by 5.2% in real
terms in 1996, and gross international reserves reached $17.5 billion at
December 31, 1996, compared to $15.7 billion at December 31, 1995. In 1997, the
inflation rate was 15.7%, average interest rates on the 28-day Cetes were 19.8%
annually, and on December 31, 1997, the 28-day Cetes rate was 18.8% annually. In
addition, in 1997, Mexico's GDP grew by approximately 7.0% in real terms
compared to 1996, and gross international reserves reached $28.0 billion at
December 31, 1997. In 1998, the inflation rate was 18.6%, average interest rates
on the 28-day Cetes were 24.5% annually, and on December 31, 1998, the 28-day
Cetes rate was 31.2% annually. In addition, in 1998, Mexico's GDP grew by
approximately 4.8% in real terms compared to 1997, and gross international
reserves reached $30.1 billion at December 31, 1998.
The Mexican economic crisis has had a profound impact on most Mexican
businesses, including Desc. We experienced a significant decrease in demand in
the domestic market for many of our products, particularly real estate and
consumer products. However, the devaluation also caused imported products to
become more costly and therefore less competitive in Mexico, which allowed
domestic manufacturers to take advantage of an import substitution effect.
Additionally, for those of our products for which there is an export market,
such as automotive parts and chemicals, the devaluation enabled us to compete
more effectively in the global marketplace. We cannot predict the effect that
adverse economic conditions in Mexico, such as those beginning in December 1994,
would have on our financial condition, results of operations or properties.
POLITICAL EVENTS IN MEXICO
On July 6, 1997, national elections were held in Mexico in which parties
opposed to the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party ("PRI") increased their
representation in the Mexican House of Representatives and captured the
mayoralty of Mexico City and the governorship of several states of Mexico. For
the first time in approximately 60 years, the PRI does not control a majority of
the seats in the Mexican House of Representatives. The increased political power
of parties opposed to the PRI might result in a change in Mexico's economic
policies. Presidential elections are scheduled to occur in July, 2000. The
internal designation process of the PRI presidential candidate is being
vigorously contested, and the presidential election itself also is expected to
be vigorously contested. This has not been the case in the past and may lead to
political volatility.
47
<PAGE> 48
Since the civil unrest in the southern Mexico state of Chiapas in
January 1994, from time to time there have been outbreaks of violence that have
resulted in deaths in Chiapas and other southern regions of Mexico. These
incidents have contributed to further unrest in the region. Although these acts
of violence have occurred far from where we have focused and intend to continue
focusing our operations, if this kind of political instability continues or
expands, the market price of securities of Mexican issuers, including our
shares, ADSs and debt securities, may be adversely affected.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Shift towards branded products in food sector. In the food sector, our
strategy is to gradually shift our product mix away from commodity products to
branded products, which have more stable margins. Toward this end, we acquired a
94.3% interest in Corfuerte in September 1997. Corfuerte is a leading
manufacturer and distributor of branded products in Mexico and in the
southwestern and western regions of the United States. We expanded these
operations with the acquisition, in June 1998, of ASF, and the acquisition, in
December 1998, of a 60% interest in Nair. ASF is a leading manufacturer of
branded Mexican food products in the southwestern and western regions of the
United States, and Nair is a Mexican company engaged in the fishing and
processing of tuna and other seafood products. We intend to continue growing our
branded food products businesses and we may in the future divest certain of our
commodity food businesses (such as poultry and shrimp). We are developing our
branded food products businesses in partnership with J.P. Morgan Capital
Corporation, which purchased an 18.6% interest in each of Corfuerte and
Authentic Specialty Corporation (the direct parent of ASF) for an aggregate
purchase price of $50 million in 1998. We intend to use Corfuerte as our vehicle
for the expansion of this business in Mexico and Authentic Specialty Corporation
as our vehicle for the expansion of this business in the United States.
Joint ventures in synthetic rubber businesses. In December 1998, Girsa
and Uniroyal Chemical Company (USA) agreed to enter into a strategic alliance to
produce and market Uniroyal's oil-resistant nitrile rubber under the brand name
Paracril(R). This synthetic rubber is highly resistant to heat and is used in
automotive engines and other automotive parts. The joint venture will be 50%
owned by Girsa and 50% owned by Uniroyal. We estimate that the joint venture
will start operations in the third quarter of 1999. The joint venture is in the
process of building a facility in Tampico, Mexico.
In February 1999, Girsa and Repsol Quimica, a subsidiary of Spain's
Repsol, S.A., agreed to enter into a strategic alliance to jointly produce and
market synthetic rubbers used in the manufacturing of products such as asphalt,
adhesives and shoes. The joint venture will be 50% owned by Girsa and 50% owned
by Repsol Quimica. We believe that the joint venture will be one of the largest
world producers of special solution styrene-butadiene rubbers as well as the
second largest worldwide producer of hydrogenated thermoplastic rubbers.
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<PAGE> 49
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998, 1997 AND 1996
The following table provides information derived from our Financial
Statements:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
--------------- ------------- --------------
(In thousands, except percentages)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales............................................ Ps. 16,449,391 Ps.19,162,645 Ps. 21,388,858
Cost of sales........................................ 11,635,475 13,952,626 15,410,111
Gross margin......................................... 29.3% 27.2% 28.0%
Operating expense.................................... Ps. 2,164,233 Ps. 2,313,010 Ps. 2,893,555
Operating income..................................... 2,649,683 2,897,009 3,085,192
Operating margin..................................... 16.1% 15.1% 14.4%
Comprehensive financial result....................... Ps. 957,039 Ps. 56,543 Ps.(1,178,547)
Equity in associated companies and
unconsolidated subsidiaries....................... 42,875 (49,497) (108,170)
Other expenses net................................... (28,050) (46,846) (12,973)
Provisions for income tax and employee
profit sharing.................................. 322,061 297,562 434,709
Extraordinary items, net............................. (222,905) 32,220 0
Net majority income.................................. 2,606,523 2,147,175 924,817
Depreciation and amortization........................ 811,127 785,329 931,992
Capital expenditures(1).............................. 2,164,790 2,609,293 4,078,173
Exports (millions of US dollars)..................... $479.7 $688.0 $822.3
</TABLE>
- --------------
(1) Includes investments in real estate projects.
The following table presents financial data from our consolidated
statements of income expressed as a percentage of net sales:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
---------- ---------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales............................................ 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of goods sold................................... 70.7 72.8 72.0
Gross margin......................................... 29.3 27.2 28.0
Operating expenses................................... 13.2 12.1 13.5
Operating margin..................................... 16.1 15.1 14.4
Comprehensive financial result....................... 5.8 0.3 (5.5)
Equity in associated companies and
unconsolidated subsidiaries....................... 0.3 (0.2) (0.5)
Other expenses, net.................................. (0.2) (0.2) --
Majority income (loss)............................... 15.8 11.2 4.3
</TABLE>
1998 and 1997 compared. Consolidated net sales increased 11.6% in 1998,
to Ps.21,388,858 from Ps.19,162,645 in 1997. This increase was due mainly to
higher sales in the automotive parts, food and real estate sectors which
compensated for decreased
49
<PAGE> 50
sales in the petrochemicals sector and flat sales in the diversified products
sector. Export sales increased by 19.5% in 1998 to $822.3 million from $688.0
million in 1997, primarily due to increased exports of automotive parts and
shelf-stable food products. Cost of sales increases were less than the increase
in sales due to the implementation of cost cutting programs in all sectors and
the lower costs of raw materials in the petrochemicals sector, and consequently
our gross margin increased to 28.0% in 1998 from 27.2% in 1997. Operating
expenses increased 25.1% in 1998 to Ps.2,893,555 from Ps.2,313,010 in 1997 due
to the inclusion of acquired operations (namely, Corfuerte, ASF and Nair) that
were not included at all, or in the case of Corfuerte, for the entire period, in
1997. These factors led to a 6.5% increase in operating income from Ps.2,897,009
in 1997 to Ps.3,085,192 in 1998. Our operating margin was 14.4% during 1998,
compared to 15.1% in 1997 due to lower margins in the petrochemicals and food
sectors. The lower margins in the food sector were due to our recently-acquired
shelf-stable branded food operations, which typically have more stable but lower
margins than Agrobios' other food businesses. Majority net income during 1998
declined 56.9% to Ps.924,817 from Ps.2,147,175 in 1997, primarily due to
increased foreign exchange losses that resulted from the devaluation of the Peso
relative to the Dollar during 1998 and to the payment of higher taxes in 1998.
1997 and 1996 compared. Consolidated net sales increased 16.5% in 1997,
to Ps.19,162,645, from Ps.16,449,391 in 1996. The increase was due mainly to
higher sales in the automotive parts and food sectors and to the recovery of the
real estate sector during the second half of 1997, which compensated for
decreased sales in the petrochemicals sector. Export sales increased by 43.4% in
1997 to $688.0 million from $479.7 million in 1996 primarily due to increased
export sales of automotive parts. Our cost of sales rose 19.9% in 1997 to
Ps.13,952,626 from Ps.11,635,475 in 1996 principally due to the higher cost of
producing transmissions in the United States with the assets acquired from
Borg-Warner and Dana Corporation. Most of these assets were gradually relocated
to our plants in Queretaro to improve the profitability of the acquired
operations, although a small portion of the assets of the heavy-duty
transmissions business remained in Knoxville, Tennessee, where they will
continue to be operated by a Unik subsidiary. Because the increase in cost of
sales was higher than the increase in sales, gross margin decreased to 27.2% in
1997 from 29.3% in 1996. Operating expenses increased 6.9% in 1997 to
Ps.2,313,010 from Ps.2,164,233 in 1996 due to higher administrative expenses
associated with the integration of acquired operations, which were only
partially offset by slightly lower sales expenses. These factors led to a 9.3%
increase in operating income, from Ps.2,649,683 in 1996 to Ps.2,897,009 in 1997.
Operating margin was 15.1% during 1997, compared to 16.1% in 1996, due to the
costs and expenses incurred during 1997 in operating in the United States the
transmission assets acquired from Dana Corporation until their relocation to our
plant in Mexico and in integrating the transmission business acquired from
Borg-Warner as well as Corfuerte with Desc's existing operations. Majority net
income during 1997 declined 17.6% to Ps.2,147,175 from Ps.2,606,523 in 1996
primarily due to a less favorable comprehensive financial result in 1997 of
Ps.56,543 compared to Ps.957,039 in 1996.
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<PAGE> 51
Automotive Parts
The following table presents selected operating data for our automotive
parts segment:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales........................................... Ps.6,047,256 Ps.7,839,560 Ps.8,887,430
Cost of goods sold.................................. 4,290,594 5,843,232 6,576,909
Gross margin........................................ 29.0% 25.5% 26.0%
Operating expenses.................................. Ps. 745,965 Ps. 819,118 Ps. 956,472
Operating income.................................... 1,010,698 1,177,210 1,354,049
Operating margin.................................... 16.7% 15.0% 15.2%
Depreciation and amortization....................... Ps. 325,492 Ps. 370,582 Ps. 437,486
Capital expenditures(1)............................. 892,775 837,639 829,816
</TABLE>
- --------------------
(1) Includes the acquisition of the manual transmissions business of
Borg-Warner in 1996 and the acquisition of the heavy duty transmissions
business of Dana Corporation in 1997.
1998 and 1997 compared. The automotive parts sector's net sales for 1998
increased 13.4% to Ps.8,887,430 from Ps.7,839,560 in 1997. This increase was due
to the continued recovery of the domestic market, the continued growth in
exports, and full-year consolidation of the transmission business acquired from
Dana. Exports were $550.4 million in 1998, representing an increase of 19.3%
from $461.2 million in 1997, and accounted for 61% of this sector's sales in
1998 as compared to 58.3% in 1997. This increase in exports was primarily due to
sales of transmissions by the businesses acquired from Dana and Borg-Warner.
Cost of sales rose 12.6% in 1998 to Ps.6,576,909 from Ps.5,843,232 in 1997
principally due to the full-year consolidation of the transmission business
acquired from Dana. Operating expenses increased 16.8% in 1998 to Ps.956,472
from Ps.819,118 due principally to higher administrative expenses incurred as a
result of the integration of the transmission operations acquired from Dana. All
of the above boosted operating income by 15.0% from Ps.1,177,210 in 1997 to
Ps.1,354,049 in 1998. Operating margin increased slightly to 15.2% in 1998 from
15.0% in 1997.
1997 and 1996 compared. The automotive parts sector's net sales for 1997
increased 29.6% to Ps.7,839,560 from Ps.6,047,256 in 1996. This increase was due
to the continued recovery of the domestic market (including a 45% increase in
domestic sales of Mexican vehicles), the continued growth in exports and the
integration of the manual transmissions businesses acquired from Borg-Warner and
Dana Corporation. Exports amounted to $461.2 million in 1997, representing an
increase of 66.9% from $276.3 million in 1996 and accounted for 58.3% of this
sector's sales in 1997 as compared to 52.7% in 1996. This increase in exports
was primarily due to sales of transmissions from the businesses acquired from
Borg-Warner and Dana Corporation. Cost of sales rose 36.2% in 1997 to
Ps.5,843,232 from Ps.4,290,594 in 1996, due to the relatively higher cost of
producing transmissions in the United States with the assets acquired from
Borg-Warner and Dana Corporation. Most of these assets were gradually relocated
to our plants in Queretaro to increase the profitability of the acquired
51
<PAGE> 52
operations, although a small portion of the assets of the heavy-duty
transmissions business remained in Knoxville, Tennessee, where they will
continue to be operated by a Unik subsidiary. Because the increase in cost of
sales was higher than the increase in sales, gross margin declined to 25.5% in
1997 from 29.0% in 1996. Operating expenses increased 9.8% in 1997 to Ps.819,118
from Ps.745,965 in 1996 due principally to higher administrative expenses
incurred as a result of the integration of the operations acquired from
Borg-Warner and Dana Corporation. All of the above boosted operating profits by
16.5% from Ps.1,010,698 in 1996 to Ps.1,177,210 in 1997. Operating margin
decreased to 15.0% in 1997 from 16.7% in 1996.
Petrochemicals
The following table presents selected operating data for our
petrochemicals segment:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
------------- ------------- -------------
(In thousands, except percentages)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales............................................ Ps. 4,476,068 Ps. 3,692,771 Ps. 3,418,124
Cost of goods sold................................... 2,925,801 2,527,543 2,287,022
Gross margin......................................... 34.6% 31.6% 33.1%
Operating expenses................................... Ps. 592,733 Ps. 457,817 Ps. 522,876
Operating income..................................... 957,544 707,411 608,226
Operating margin..................................... 21.4% 19.2% 17.8%
Depreciation and amortization........................ Ps. 232,804 Ps. 162,121 Ps. 171,889
Capital expenditures................................. 283,394 58,411 221,882
</TABLE>
1998 and 1997 compared. During 1998, net sales declined by 7.4%, from
Ps.3,692,771 in 1997 to Ps.3,418,124. The decline in sales was due to a
combination of lower international prices for petrochemicals, particularly
synthetic rubber and polystyrene, and increased competition faced by our
products in most markets, which were only partially offset by an increase of 5%
in sales volume during the year. Cost of sales decreased 9.5% from Ps.2,527,543
in 1997 to Ps.2,287,022 in 1998 due to the implementation of cost reduction
measures (such as projects to improve synthetic rubber, carbon black and
polystyrene production efficiency), increased capacity utilization and lower raw
material prices. As a result gross margin increased to 33.1% in 1998 from 31.6%
in 1997. Operating expenses increased 14.2% in 1998, to Ps.522,876 from
Ps.457,817 in 1997 reflecting increases in transportation and technology
expenses. Operating profits declined 14.0% to Ps.608,226 in 1998 from Ps.707,411
in 1997 as a result of the decrease in sales. Operating margin decreased to
17.8% in 1998 from 19.2% in 1997.
1997 and 1996 compared. During 1997, net sales declined by 17.5%, from
Ps.4,476,068 in 1996 to Ps.3,692,771. The decline in sales was due to lower
international prices for petrochemicals, particularly synthetic rubber and
polystyrene, which were only partially offset by an increase in sales volume
during the year. The increase in sales volume, cost reduction measures (such as
projects to improve synthetic rubber, carbon
52
<PAGE> 53
black, polystyrene production efficiency) and greater utilization of installed
capacity, led to a 13.6% decrease in the cost of sales in 1997, from
Ps.2,925,801 in 1996 to Ps.2,527,543, resulting in a decrease in gross margins
to 31.6% in 1997 from 34.6% in 1996. As a result of lower administrative
expenses reflecting the rationalization of resources, operating expenses
decreased 22.8% from Ps.592,733 in 1996 to Ps.457,817 in 1997. Operating income
declined 26.1%, from Ps.957,544 in 1996 to Ps.707,411 in 1997 as a result of the
decrease in sales. Operating margin decreased to 19.2% in 1997 from 21.4% in
1996.
The petrochemicals industry is a cyclical business that experienced
favorable conditions from mid-1994 until mid-1997. In 1998, however, the
petrochemicals cycle returned to the depressed conditions of early 1994,
resulting in lower prices, and these depressed conditions might continue for an
extended period. We believe that our focus on specialty products, low cost
production and growth in production capacity during the last few years are
likely to mitigate the effects of the generally adverse conditions that
currently exist in the global chemicals market, but this might not be the case.
Diversified Products
The following table presents selected operating data for our diversified
products segment:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
------------- ------------- -------------
(In thousands, except percentages)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales............................................ Ps. 3,425,469 Ps. 3,428,373 Ps. 3,491,644
Cost of goods sold................................... 2,481,688 2,479,014 2,513,399
Gross margin......................................... 27.6% 27.7% 28.0%
Operating expenses................................... Ps. 503,314 Ps. 507,753 Ps. 522,488
Operating income..................................... 440,467 441,606 455,757
Operating margin..................................... 12.9% 12.9% 13.1%
Depreciation and amortization........................ Ps. 107,747 Ps. 88,615 Ps. 93,120
Capital expenditures................................. 324,992 273,778 185,408
</TABLE>
1998 and 1997 compared. During 1998, net sales increased 1.8% from
Ps.3,428,373 in 1997 to Ps. 3,491,644. This increase in net sales reflects
increased sales volumes in adhesives and fertilizers and increased market shares
in phosphates, pigment and laminates. Cost of sales increased 1.4% from
Ps.2,479,014 in 1997 to Ps.2,513,399 in 1998. The increase in cost of sales was
less than the increase in sales due to lower costs of raw materials and more
efficient capacity utilization in 1998. Gross margins increased slightly to
28.0% in 1998 from 27.7% in 1997. Operating expenses increased 2.9% reflecting
increased advertising and marketing expenses in 1998. As a result of the factors
mentioned above, operating income increased 3.2% to Ps.455,757 in 1998 from
Ps.441,606 in 1997. Operating margins increased to 13.1% in 1998, compared to
12.9% in 1997.
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<PAGE> 54
1997 and 1996 compared. During 1997, net sales increased 0.1%, from
Ps.3,425,469 in 1996 to Ps.3,428,373. This slight increase in net sales was due
to increases in the sales volumes of adhesives and water proofing agents which
were partially offset by the inability to raise the prices of our consumer
products to reflect the full rate of inflation. As a result of more efficient
capacity utilization and lower prices of raw materials, the cost of sales
decreased 0.1%, from Ps.2,481,688 in 1996 to Ps.2,479,014 in 1997. Operating
expenses increased 0.9% to Ps.507,753 in 1997 from Ps.503,314 in 1996. As a
result, operating income increased 0.3%, from Ps.440,467 in 1996 to Ps.441,606
in 1997, and operating margin remained unchanged at 12.9%.
Food
The following table presents selected operating data for our food
segment:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
------------ -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales................................... Ps.2,237,335 Ps. 3,739,916 Ps. 4,839,830
Cost of sales............................... 1,829,215 2,864,214 3,659,618
Gross margin................................ 18.2% 23.4% 24.4%
Operating expenses.......................... Ps. 203,833 Ps. 387,533 Ps. 744,337
Operating income............................ 204,287 488,169 435,875
Operating margin............................ 9.1% 13.1% 9.0%
Depreciation and amortization............... Ps. 125,314 Ps. 136,174 Ps. 180,331
Capital expenditures........................ 357,678 1,039,409 1,967,332
</TABLE>
- -----------------
(1) For 1996, includes the purchase of shares of Campi, which was formerly
known as Univasa, from ConAgra. For 1997, includes the acquisition of
Corfuerte. For 1998, includes the acquisitions of ASF and Nair. See
"Item 1. Description of Business--Food" for more information about these
acquisitions.
1998 and 1997 compared. During 1998, net sales increased 29.4%, to
Ps.4,839,830 from Ps.3,739,916 in 1997 due to the inclusion in 1998 of the
operations of Corfuerte for the entire year, of ASF for six months and of Nair
for one month. Cost of sales increased 27.8% from Ps.2,864,214 in 1997 to
Ps.3,659,618 in 1998 reflecting the costs of sales of Corfuerte, ASF and Nair
which were not included in the 1997 period, which were only partly offset by
increases in the prices of poultry and pork in 1998. Similarly, operating
expenses rose 92.1% to Ps.744,337 in 1998 from Ps.387,533 in 1997 principally
due to the inclusion of Corfuerte's operations for the full year and the
integration of ASF and Nair with Agrobios' existing operations in 1998. These
factors led to a 10.7% decline in operating income, from Ps.488,169 in 1997 to
Ps.435,875 in 1998. Operating margin declined from 13.1% in 1997 to 9.0% in
1998. The decline in margins reflects the more stable but lower margins of our
shelf-stable branded food businesses compared to Agrobios' other food
businesses.
1997 and 1996 compared. During 1997, net sales increased by 67.2% to
Ps.3,739,916, compared to Ps.2,237,335 in 1996, due to price and volume
increases in chicken and pork and to the acquisition in September 1997 of
Corfuerte. Cost of sales increased 56.6% from Ps.1,829,215 in 1996 to
Ps.2,864,214 in 1997, which was less than
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<PAGE> 55
the increase in net sales because grain prices were lower in 1997 and fixed
costs were spread over larger volumes. Operating expenses rose by 90.1% to
Ps.387,533 in 1997 from Ps.203,833 in 1996 principally due to administrative
expenses incurred to integrate Corfuerte's operations. Improved sales prices,
efforts to reduce expenses, lower grain prices and greater capacity utilization
of the farms all led to an increase in operating income of 139.0%, from
Ps.204,287 in 1996 to Ps.488,169 in 1997. Operating margin increased from 9.1%
in 1996 to 13.1% in 1997.
Real Estate
The following table presents selected operating data for our real estate
segment:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------
(In thousands, except percentages)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales
Residential(1)....................... Ps. 28,772 Ps. 98,877 Ps. 445,430
Tourism/resort(2).................... 124,591 72,687 61,043
Commercial(3)........................ 109,900 270,037 225,148
---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------
Total.............................. 263,263 441,601 731,621
Cost of sales(4)......................... 108,177 238,623 373,163
Gross margin............................. 58.9% 46.0% 49.0%
Operating expenses....................... Ps. 92,681 Ps. 90,075 Ps. 96,715
Operating income......................... 62,405 112,903 261,743
Operating margin......................... 23.7% 25.6% 35.8%
Depreciation and amortization............ Ps. 17,417 Ps. 16,840 Ps. 23,844
Capital expenditures(5).................. 12,657 229,924 571,152
Investments in real estate projects(6)... 278,572 131,949 229,518
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) For 1996 and 1997, reflects Bosques de las Lomas La Punta. For 1998
reflects Bosques de Santa Fe.
(2) Punta Ixtapa.
(3) Arcos Bosques Corporativo and Santa Fe shopping mall.
(4) Includes recognized cost of land, subcontracted construction costs,
permit costs, architects' and engineering fees and related costs. These
costs are recognized proportionately as revenues are received for the
particular project.
(5) Includes expenditures made during the relevant period related to the
Santa Fe shopping mall, in which we hold a 50.1% interest, including
acquisitions of land, construction costs, permits, and architects' and
engineering fees. Does not include expenditures for other projects in
our real estate sector which are being developed for sale.
(6) Includes expenditures made during the relevant period for acquisitions
of land, construction costs, permits, architects' and engineering fees
and related items, except for expenditures related to the Santa Fe
shopping mall.
1998 and 1997 compared. During 1998, net sales in this sector grew
significantly due to the continued recovery shown in the real estate market in
Mexico during the first half of 1998. Sales rose by 65.7% from Ps.441,601 in
1997 to Ps.731,621 in 1998, mainly due to sales in the Bosques de Santa Fe
project, which we launched in 1998, as well as to increased sales in the
Hacienda de las Palmas and La Punta projects during 1998. Cost of sales
increased 56.4% to Ps.373,163 in 1998 from Ps.238,623 in 1997. The increase in
sales was higher than the increase in cost of sales because our sales mix in
1998 included more properties with a relatively high profit margin. Gross margin
rose
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<PAGE> 56
to 49% in 1998 from 46% in 1997. Operating expenses declined substantially
as a percentage of sales, from 20.4% in 1997 to 13.2% in 1998, and were
Ps.96,715 in 1998 compared to Ps.90,075 in 1997. As a result, operating income
increased 131.8%, to Ps.261,743 in 1998 from Ps.112,903 in 1997. The operating
margin in 1998 rose to 35.8% compared to 25.6% in 1997.
1997 and 1996 compared. During 1997, net sales in this sector grew
significantly due to the recovery shown in the real estate market in Mexico.
Sales rose by 67.7%, from Ps.263,263 in 1996 to Ps.441,601 in 1997 due to higher
sales of residential and office space and increased occupancy in the Santa Fe
shopping mall. Cost of sales increased 120.6% to Ps.238,623 in 1997, compared to
Ps.108,177 in 1996. Cost of sales increased more than sales because the sales
mix included more properties with a relatively low profit margin. Consequently,
gross margin declined to 46.0% in 1997 from 58.9% in 1996. Operating expenses
declined substantially as a percentage of sales, from 35.2% in 1996 to 20.4% in
1997, and were Ps.90,075 in 1997, compared to Ps.92,681 in 1996. The decrease in
operating expenses was due to a reduction in sales-related expenses and cutbacks
in administrative expenses. As a result, operating income increased 80.9% to
Ps.112,903 in 1997 from Ps.62,405 in 1996 and operating margin for 1997 was
25.6% compared to 23.7% in 1996.
Comprehensive financial result
Comprehensive financial result includes: (1) interest expense paid by us
on financing, (2) interest earned by us on temporary investments, (3) foreign
exchange gains or losses on our foreign currency-denominated monetary assets or
liabilities, and (4) monetary earnings or losses due to the effects of inflation
on our net monetary liability or asset position. To the extent that our monetary
liabilities exceed our monetary assets during inflationary periods, we will
generate a monetary position gain.
The following table presents the components of our comprehensive
financial result for each of the periods indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
------------ ------------ --------------
(In thousands, except percentages)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Interest expense......................... Ps.(861,416) Ps.(762,936) Ps. (807,764)
Interest income.......................... 383,184 375,837 306,082
Exchange loss, net....................... (108,733) (278,082) (1,549,290)
Gain on monetary position................ 1,544,004 721,724 872,425
Comprehensive financial result........... Ps. 957,039 Ps. 56,543 Ps.(1,178,547)
</TABLE>
1998 and 1997 compared. In 1998, the comprehensive financial result
showed a loss of Ps.(1,178,547) compared with a gain of Ps.56,543 in 1997. This
change is attributable principally to the following factors: (1) a 5.9% increase
in interest expense from Ps.(762,936) in 1997 to Ps.(807,764) in 1998 due to
higher interest rates and an increased consolidated debt in 1998; (2) an 18.6%
decline in interest income in 1998
56
<PAGE> 57
from Ps.375,837 in 1997 to Ps.306,082 due to Desc's lower cash position during
1998; and (3) a greater variation in the Peso-Dollar exchange rate during 1998,
which resulted in a foreign exchange loss of Ps.(1,549,290) which was 457.1%
higher than the exchange loss of Ps.(278,082) in 1997. These factors were only
partially offset by a 20.9% increase in the monetary position gain in 1998 to
Ps.872,425 from Ps.721,724 in 1997 which resulted from higher inflation during
1998 and an increase in monetary liabilities.
1997 and 1996 compared. In 1997, the comprehensive financial result
declined 94.1%, representing a gain of Ps.56,543, compared to a gain of
Ps.957,039 in 1996. This change is attributable principally to the following
factors: (1) lower interest rates for Mexican securities denominated in Pesos,
which led to lower interest income during 1997, declining 1.9%, to Ps.375,837 in
1997 compared to Ps.383,184 in 1996; (2) a greater variation in the Peso-Dollar
exchange rate during 1997, which resulted in a foreign exchange loss of
Ps.(278,082) which was 155.7% greater than 1996's foreign exchange loss of
Ps.(108,733); and (3) a 53.3% decline in the monetary position gain to
Ps.721,724 for 1997 from Ps.1,544,004 for 1996 due to lower inflation during
1997. These factors were only partially offset by an 11.4% decrease in interest
expense, which declined from Ps.(861,416) in 1996 to Ps.(762,936) in 1997 due to
a reduction in interest rates, a more efficient financial structure and the
refinancing of high cost short-term debt with long-term debt at competitive
rates.
Income taxes and employee profit sharing
In Mexico, until 1998, the nominal corporate income tax rate was 34% of
the taxable profits of a company for the fiscal year. The nominal corporate tax
rate, however, may not be less than 1.8% of the average value of a company's
assets, subject to some adjustments, whether or not the company has had taxable
income for the year. As a result of amendments to the Mexican income tax law
which became effective on January 1, 1999, the nominal corporate income tax rate
has been increased to 35%. Under the amended tax law, companies will be
permitted to defer a portion of their income tax liability on their net taxable
income until dividends are paid from that income. For 1999, companies initially
will be required to pay income tax at a 32% rate, with the remaining 3% income
tax liability payable on a proportional basis upon the distribution of
dividends. In 2000 and thereafter, the initial income tax liability will be 30%
and the portion that may be deferred will be increased to 5%. The amendments to
the Mexican income tax laws also limit the extent to which the consolidated tax
liability of a holding company such as Desc may be reduced by offsetting tax
liabilities in some subsidiaries against tax losses in other subsidiaries, to
60% of our equity interest in the relevant subsidiaries.
In addition, aside from wages and agreed-upon fringe benefits, we and
each of our subsidiaries are required by law to provide to our workers a share
of our profits equal to 10% of taxable profit of the relevant company,
calculated before any adjustments for inflation or amortization of fiscal losses
of previous years. The combined statutory rates of corporate income tax and
profit sharing were 44.0% for 1996, 1997 and 1998 and are expected to be 45.0%
for 1999.
Under Mexican GAAP, companies do not register the effect of deferred
taxes for recurring differences between expenses falling under the heading of
taxes in financial
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<PAGE> 58
statements and taxes which are actually paid. These differences, together with
other differences between profits registered on our books for accounting
purposes and taxable profits, resulted in an effective rate of taxation for us
that was lower than the statutory rate. Our combined effective rate of corporate
income taxation and profit sharing was 8.9% in 1996, 10.4% in 1997, and 24.3% in
1998. Due to recent changes in Mexico's income tax laws, we expect our combined
effective tax rate of corporate income taxation and profit sharing for 1999 to
be approximately 29%.
In 1998, income tax and profit sharing rose 46.1% from Ps.297,562 in 1997
to Ps.434,709 in 1998. This increase was due primarily to there being no tax
losses from previous years left for us to utilize in 1998.
In 1997, income tax and profit sharing decreased 7.6% from Ps.322,061 in
1996 to Ps.297,562. This decrease was due primarily to lower operating profits
and higher foreign exchange losses during 1997 and to the utilization of tax
losses from previous years.
In 1996, income tax and profit sharing rose 60.9%, increasing from
Ps.200,106 in 1995 to Ps.322,061. This increase was due primarily to increased
operating profits and comprehensive result of financing during 1996.
Extraordinary items
During 1998, we did not record extraordinary items.
During 1997, we recorded extraordinary income of Ps.32,220. This income
resulted from the use of a full absorption cost method to value inventories in
the automotive parts sector which before 1997 had been valued using direct cost
accounting.
During 1996, we incurred extraordinary expenses of Ps.222,909. These
expenses were principally due to the partial write-off of the value of our
equity investment in Santander Mexicano, and to a lesser extent, to provisions
for the impairment of assets.
U.S. GAAP RECONCILIATION
In 1998, we had net income under U.S. GAAP of Ps.1,097,662 compared to
net income under Mexican GAAP of Ps.924,817. The net increase of Ps.172,845 was
due mainly to the recognition of deferred taxes and employee profit sharing, net
of their monetary gain and the effect of the minority interest. The other major
differences relate to the recognition of the benefits of tax consolidation, as
well as the minority interest and inflation effect of the U.S. GAAP adjustments.
In 1997, we had net income under U.S. GAAP of Ps.1,215,469 compared to
net income under Mexican GAAP of Ps.2,147,175. The net decrease of Ps.931,706
was due mainly to the recognition of deferred taxes and employee profit sharing,
net of their monetary gain and the effect of the minority interest. The other
major difference related to (1) the adoption of full absorption cost accounting
in Unik beginning in 1997 and (2) the recognition of the benefits of tax
consolidation.
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<PAGE> 59
In 1996, we had net income under U.S. GAAP of Ps.2,697,386 compared to
net income under Mexican GAAP of Ps.2,606,523 in 1996. The net increase of
Ps.90,863 was due to the reversal of the write-down of our investment in
Santander Mexicano to market value. This write-down was made under U.S. GAAP in
1995 and under Mexican GAAP in 1996. The other major differences are related to
(1) the effect of direct cost accounting in Unik, which is reconciled to full
absorption cost method for U.S. GAAP purposes, (2) the benefits of tax
consolidation, which are not recognized for Mexican GAAP purposes until the
consolidated return is filed, and (3) the monetary gain derived from U.S. GAAP
liabilities, which are mainly deferred income taxes and employee profit sharing.
Beginning in 1996, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123
(SFAS 123), "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation", requires companies to
record or disclose the effect of stock-based compensation, recognizing
compensation cost of stock options using the anticipated market price of shares
and other factors, rather than market price at the date of grant. The additional
disclosures required by SFAS 123 are not considered to be material to the
consolidated financial statements.
For a further description of these and other adjustments under U.S. GAAP,
see notes 16, 17 and 18 to the Financial Statements.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
We have significant liquidity due to our internal generation of cash
flow, defined as earnings before interest expense, tax, depreciation and
amortization. We generated cash flow of Ps.3,460,810 during 1996, Ps.3,682,338
during 1997, and Ps.4,017,184 during 1998. We used this cash flow mainly to
finance capital expenditures and to service and repay debt. As of December 31,
1998, we had cash and marketable securities totaling Ps.223,487 on a
non-consolidated basis, and Ps.1,008,752 on a consolidated basis.
Under Mexican GAAP, we present our consolidated statement of changes in
financial position in accordance with Bulletin B-12, which identifies the
generation and application of resources representing differences between
beginning and ending financial statement balances in constant Pesos. The changes
shown in the Financial Statements do not represent cash flow activities. See
note 16 to the Financial Statements for more information about these changes.
As of December 31, 1998, our consolidated Dollar-denominated liabilities
were $1.11 billion and our net consolidated Dollar-denominated liabilities after
deducting Dollar-denominated assets, which consist principally of cash, were
$836 million.
At the corporate level, Desc has no substantial operations of its own
and, consequently, we depend on dividends and other payments from our
subsidiaries and income tax refunds for virtually all of our cash flow.
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<PAGE> 60
Dividends from subsidiaries. It is our general policy that each of our
four principal subsidiaries pay to Desc (and other stockholders of the
subsidiary) dividends equal to at least 50% of the subsidiary's annual
consolidated net income legally available for distribution. This percentage may
be significantly lower in some cases, such as when the subsidiary proposes to
make large capital expenditures or when its profits decline. As a general
policy, Desc, S.A. de C.V. has paid approximately 35% of its legally available
net income to stockholders, although it did not pay cash dividends in 1996. As
discussed under "--Financing activity" below, we have agreed under a $120
million credit agreement that we will not pay dividends to our stockholders in
1999. We intend to refinance this facility in 1999.
During 1998, our subsidiaries paid dividends of approximately
Ps.1,620,134, representing in total approximately 62.5% of the subsidiaries'
1997 net income. Approximately Ps.1,379,910 of these total dividends were paid
to Desc and the balance were paid to minority interests.
During 1997, our subsidiaries paid dividends of approximately
Ps.1,159,582, representing in total approximately 37.7% of the subsidiaries'
1996 net income. Approximately Ps.961,858 of these total dividends were paid to
Desc and the balance were paid to minority interests.
Income tax refunds. Under Mexican income tax law, each year, each of our
consolidated subsidiaries has been required to pay to Desc the amount of tax it
would have paid to the Mexican Government in respect of its annual taxable
income and assets had the subsidiary filed a separate return. These payments
were made pro rata based on our proportionate equity interest in the subsidiary
making the payment. We were required to collect these tax payments and pay to
the Mexican Government the amount of tax due on behalf of Desc and its
subsidiaries calculated on a consolidated basis. We generally made payments in
respect of each year early in the following year, after completion of our
year-end audit. As a result of amendments to Mexican income tax law which became
effective on January 1, 1999, each subsidiary now makes all income tax payments
directly to the Mexican Government.
In Mexico, each corporation is required to pay income tax for each year
in an amount not less than 1.8% of the average value of its assets (subject to
some adjustments), whether or not the corporation had taxable income for the
year. Because we are entitled to apply this requirement on the basis of our
consolidated taxable income, we generally have been able to reduce our
consolidated tax liability below the aggregate amount of tax payments we have
received from our subsidiaries, depending on how many subsidiaries made payment
based on the minimum tax and the extent of consolidated taxable income compared
to consolidated taxable assets. Any amount by which these tax payments to Desc
exceeded our consolidated tax liability for any year was retained by Desc and
therefore provided a source of cash at the parent company level. We refer to
these excess payments as "refunds." These refunds and the Mexican tax system are
addressed in notes 2 and 12 to the Financial Statements. With some exceptions,
the amendments to the Mexican income tax laws that became effective on January
1, 1999, limited the extent to which we may reduce our consolidated tax
liability by offsetting tax liabilities in some of our subsidiaries against tax
losses in other subsidiaries, to 60% of
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<PAGE> 61
our equity interest in the relevant subsidiaries. We do not expect these changes
to have a significant impact on our results of operations and financial
condition.
Uses of funds. At the Desc level, we utilize cash primarily to pay taxes,
service debt and pay dividends. During 1998, we received Ps. 1,379,910 in
dividends from our subsidiaries, which we used to pay dividends to our
stockholders totaling Ps.778,881 and to service debt. During 1997, we received
Ps.961,858 in dividends from our subsidiaries, which we used to pay dividends to
our stockholders totaling Ps.213,060 and to increase our cash position. In 1996,
we received Ps.454,074 in dividends from our subsidiaries, which we used
primarily to pay short-term loans. The dividend policies of the entity proposing
to pay the dividend may change at the discretion of its stockholders. In
addition, general limitations under Mexican corporate law apply to the amount of
dividends payable by each of Desc and our direct and indirect subsidiaries.
Financing activity
Our principal subsidiaries generally do not rely on Desc or each other
for financing, except when substantial capital expenditures are to be made and
in other limited circumstances. When intercompany financing has been needed,
Desc has generally provided it by means of capital contribution and not by
intercompany loans. In the past, our subsidiaries have made several debt
offerings in the capital markets with Desc's guaranty. As described below,
presently there are outstanding notes issued by Dine which have been guaranteed
by Desc. We anticipate that Desc alone will make future debt offerings in the
capital markets. The proceeds of any future offerings of this kind, to the
extent required by a subsidiary, would be provided to the subsidiary either by
means of capital contribution or intercompany loan, as determined by Desc at the
time.
In June 1996, our automotive parts sector refinanced $50 million of its
short-term debt through a syndicated loan with a group of banks led by Morgan
Guaranty Trust Company of New York. This loan is linked to a long-term export
contract signed by our borrower subsidiary Spicer with Dana, the minority
stockholder in Spicer. A $50 million loan refinanced by Spicer in December 1995
is also linked to this export contract. Under the export contract, Dana is
obligated to make sufficient purchases of automotive parts to generate the cash
necessary to pay the loan installments and is required to cover installments
which Spicer cannot pay if Dana fails to make the required purchases. Spicer
would be obligated to repay Dana for these amounts. Principal on the loan is
payable semi-annually over seven years. Payments on this loan commenced in
September 1996. At December 31, 1998, $34.2 million was outstanding on this
loan. Desc entered into an interest rate swap agreement to guarantee a fixed
interest rate of 7.342%, net of taxes with respect to this loan. As a result, we
have hedged against any fluctuations in interest rates on this loan.
In July 1996, we completed a second public offering of our Series C
shares in the Mexican and international markets. In connection with this
offering, we issued a total of 16,147,802 Series C shares to investors,
including 11,400,000 Series C shares represented by 2,850,000 ADSs. Concurrent
with this offering, we sold an additional 6,315,788 Series C shares, represented
by 1,578,947 ADSs, to a stockholder who was then a director of Desc in a
directed placement. This stock offering and directed placement represented, in
the aggregate, 8.0% of Desc's capital. We used the proceeds of this stock
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<PAGE> 62
offering and directed placement to pay down approximately $90 million of debt
and for general corporate purposes.
In September 1996, Girsa entered into a $155 million credit facility with
the International Finance Corporation (the "IFC"), comprised of (1) a $40
million term loan due February 2003, (2) a $30 million term loan due February
2004, (3) a $10 million term loan due February 2006, and (4) a $75 million
commercial paper facility which terminates in August 2002. Principal on the term
loans is payable in equal semi-annual installments commencing August 15, 1999;
interest is payable semi-annually. Girsa may not distribute any dividends to
Desc if it is in payment default with respect to principal or interest under the
IFC credit facility, if its current liabilities exceed its current assets or if
Desc is in default under an agreement related to this credit facility. At
December 31, 1998, Girsa had used all $155 million available to it under this
credit facility. Proceeds from this credit facility were used to refinance
short-term debt as well as Girsa's medium term notes which matured in July 1998.
Desc has not guaranteed this credit facility but has agreed, for so long as the
facility is outstanding, to ensure that Girsa remains solvent and to provide
Girsa, in some circumstances, with capital contributions, shareholders advances
and/or subordinated loans.
In October 1997, Dine issued $150 million of 8 3/4% Guaranteed Notes due
2007, unconditionally guaranteed by Desc. Dine used part of the proceeds from
this issue to repay short-term indebtedness and to fund capital expenditures.
Desc used the balance of the proceeds of this issue to refinance eurobonds that
matured in December 1997.
In April 1998, Girsa entered into a five-year, $30 million revolving
credit facility with a group of banks. Interest on this loan is payable
quarterly. At December 31, 1998, Girsa had used all $30 million available to it.
Girsa used the proceeds from this loan to repay short-term debt and fund capital
expenditures.
In May 1998, Unik entered into a three-year, $75 million trade finance
facility with a group of banks. This loan is guaranteed by Unik's subsidiaries
Spicer, S.A. de C.V., Moresa, S.A. de C.V. and Hayes Wheels de Mexico, S.A. de
C.V. Principal on the loan is payable at maturity and interest is payable
semi-annually. At December 31, 1998, Unik and its subsidiaries had borrowed all
$75 million available to them.
In December 1998, Desc entered into a $120 million credit facility, which
matures on January 6, 2001. Interest is payable in arrears at intervals of 30
days. We used the proceeds from this loan to refinance short-term debt of Desc.
The credit facility contains various affirmative and negative covenants,
including restrictions on the payment of dividends by Desc, on the purchase,
redemption or acquisition of Desc's capital stock by Desc and any subsidiary,
and on the ability to enter into agreements that restrict the payment of
dividends by Desc's subsidiaries to Desc.
As of December 31, 1998, our subsidiaries had outstanding short-term
liabilities of $377.1 million, most of which was borrowed under unsecured
revolving credit facilities provided by several Mexican and U.S. commercial
banks. These facilities are predominantly Dollar-denominated and are payable
within 30 to 364 days with interest rates which fluctuated during 1998 between
4.13% and 9.80% in Dollars and 21.2% and 37.9% in Pesos. As of December 31,
1998, our subsidiaries had approximately $343.1
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million of available credit under these and similar facilities, inclusive of the
$337.1 million outstanding on that date. Since none of these facilities is
committed, borrowings under them require the lenders' consent.
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES AND OTHER INVESTMENTS
The following table lists our capital expenditures and other investments
by business segment for the periods shown. Capital expenditures and other
investments may include investments in or acquisitions of the capital stock of
existing businesses.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
----------------- ----------------- -----------------
(In millions)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Automotive Parts(1).................... Ps. 892.8 Ps. 837.6 Ps. 829.8
Petrochemicals 281.8 58.4 221.9
Diversified Products................... 326.6 273.8 185.4
Food(2)................................ 357.7 1,039.4 1,967.3
Real Estate(3)......................... 291.2 361.9 800.7
Desc(4)................................ 14.7 38.2 73.1
----------------- ----------------- -----------------
Total.............................. Ps. 2,164.8 Ps. 2,609.3 Ps. 4,078.2
================= ================= =================
</TABLE>
- --------------------
(1) For 1996, includes the acquisition of the manual transmissions business
of Borg-Warner. For 1997, includes the acquisition of the heavy-duty
transmissions business of Dana Corporation.
(2) For 1996, includes the purchase of shares of Campi, which was formerly
known as Univasa, from ConAgra. For 1997, includes the acquisition of
Corfuerte. For 1998, includes the acquisitions of ASF and Nair.
(3) Includes investments in real estate projects and investments in real
estate for rent.
(4) Reflects the investment of Desc in Arcos Bosques Corporativo, an office
complex developed by Dine.
YEAR 2000 READINESS
The inability of systems to recognize the year 2000 is a problem that can
affect not only information systems and computers, but also diverse areas of an
organization, including manufacturing systems, data exchange systems,
distribution and logistic systems, administrative and strategic planning
systems, financial systems, and controls for access and other services, such as
controls for electricity, elevators, telephone switchboards, etc. To address the
year 2000 issues that affect Desc and its subsidiaries, we began implementing a
year 2000 readiness program in 1996. Our year 2000 program is under the direct
supervision of our senior management and continues to be an area of high
priority for us. Overall, our year 2000 program is progressing on schedule.
Our year 2000 program began by identifying the systems in all our areas
of operations that could be affected by the change in millennia. These systems
include automated manufacturing systems, information systems, systems to
generate financial and stock exchange reports, systems to exchange data with
customers and suppliers, systems to track raw material and other requirements,
systems to control building services such as elevators, accesses,
fire-prevention and security, logistic and distribution systems, and payroll and
accounting systems. We established five phases for the
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<PAGE> 64
implementation of our program: (1) awareness, (2) assessment and planning, (3)
correction of systems and equipment, (4) testing and validation, and (5)
installation and contingency plans. Phases 1 and 2 have been completed for all
sectors and work has commenced on phases 3, 4 and 5, with significant advances
having been made to date in the correction of systems and equipment in most
critical areas. We expect to complete the balance of the modifications necessary
to make all our sectors year 2000 compliant by the third quarter of 1999.
We believe that, because the equipment and operational systems used by
most of our subsidiaries is relatively new and is routinely modernized, the most
significant risk to our year 2000 readiness is that third parties, such as
suppliers, customers and financial institutions, may not achieve year 2000
readiness on a timely basis. Consequently we are working with members of the
financial sector, including banks, brokerage firms and insurance companies, and
are directing significant efforts to conducting audits and performing
compatibility tests and corrections to try to ensure that their systems are year
2000 compliant and compatible with ours. However, we cannot assure you that all
third parties with which we interact will achieve year 2000 readiness on time.
With respect to systems operated by the Mexican Government, the Mexican
Government has provided assurances that its systems will be year 2000 compliant
on a timely basis.
Estimated cost and costs incurred as of March 31, 1999. We currently
estimate that the cost of making our systems year 2000 compliant will be $11.9
million as presented in the table below. As of March 31, 1999, we have spent
approximately $5.1 million on year 2000 readiness.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COSTS INCURRED AS OF
MARCH 31, 1999
ESTIMATED TOTAL (APPROXIMATION IN
SECTOR COST (DOLLARS) DOLLARS)
------ -------------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Automotive Parts $ 7,605,700 $ 4,339,465
Petrochemicals and Diversified Products 2,942,800 33,285
Food 1,267,300 700,000
Real Estate 71,000 46,000
Corporate (holding company) 10,000 7,500
========================= =============================
Total $ 11,896,800 $ 5,126,250
</TABLE>
Phases of our Y2K Readiness Program
(1) Awareness. In the awareness phase, we communicated the Y2K concern to
all levels of our organization to create awareness, designated a manager for the
program, considered the potential impact of the Y2K problem on our operations
and began including a Y2K compliance clause in all contracts to be entered into
with suppliers of systems and equipment.
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<PAGE> 65
(2) Assessment and planning. In the assessment and planning phase, we
completed an inventory of all of our information systems, including hardware and
software. We also completed a company-wide inventory of all machinery and
equipment that contain date-sensitive internal microprocessors and contacted
their suppliers. We also identified the functions which are critical to us, and
the systems or equipment that support those functions. Using this information,
we assessed the severity and scope of our Y2K problems and developed a strategy
for repairing, replacing or retiring, as appropriate, the systems that are not
Y2K compliant. Finally, we determined the resources that would be required to
become Y2K compliant and assigned a budget to the program.
(3) Correction of systems and equipment. In the correction of systems and
equipment phase, we identified the tools available in the market for the
correction of our affected systems, informed users of the changes that would be
made, and identified, in conjunction with the respective suppliers, the steps
that would be required to repair, replace or retire machinery and equipment that
contain date-sensitive microprocessors. We then began the process of repairing,
replacing or retiring the information systems and electronically operated
equipment that are date-sensitive, documenting all changes made. In implementing
this phase, we have given priority to those areas that were identified as
critical in phase 2.
(4) Testing and validation. In the testing and validation phase of our
program, we determined the tests that would be performed and established a
timetable for these tests, backed up the information to prevent its loss if a
contingency occurs, and began testing our systems in isolation and also
simulating interconnections within our organization and with third parties. We
intend to analyze the results of all testing jointly with the respective user
areas and are documenting all results of the testing.
(5) Installation and contingencies. In the installation and contingency
phase of our program, we will install new or corrected systems, machinery and
equipment that have been successfully tested. We expect that we will be training
all users of these systems and equipment simultaneously with the installation
and anticipate that we will continue to verify that the equipment and systems
function adequately post-installation. We continue to contact our suppliers and
customers to obtain assurances and certification from them with respect to their
year 2000 readiness. In this phase, we are establishing contingency plans,
including plans of operation in the event that systems fail or third parties
fail to achieve year 2000 readiness on a timely basis.
Progress made by each sector
The Y2K activities of each of the distinct businesses that comprise Desc
are coordinated by the Y2K Solution Committee, which meets regularly and reports
to senior management. Due to the diversity of the business sectors that comprise
Desc, each sector, in addition to implementing our Y2K readiness program, is
taking industry-specific steps to become Y2K compliant.
65
<PAGE> 66
Automotive Parts. Our automotive parts sector is close to concluding
phase 3 (correction of systems and equipment). It also has completed
approximately 92% of phase 4 (testing and validation) and approximately 80% of
phase 5 (installation and contingencies). Due to the routine modernization of
our manufacturing systems and equipment, the most important factor in assuring
the Y2K readiness of this sector is the Y2K readiness and compatibility of our
suppliers and customers. Therefore we are focusing our efforts in this area.
Approximately 40% of our contingency plans in this sector have been completed to
date.
Petrochemicals and Diversified Products. In the petrochemicals and
diversified products sectors, phases 3 and 4 of the Y2K readiness program are
being implemented simultaneously. Priority in this sector is being given to
equipment and systems, and approximately 80% of the work on those equipment and
systems which have been identified as critical has been completed to date. We
expect this sector to complete phases 3 and 4 (correction of systems and
equipment and testing and validation) in July 1999 and to complete the
contingency plans by the third quarter of 1999.
Food. In the food sector, we are undergoing a modernization of our
systems in connection with an improvement project unrelated to our Y2K program.
We believe that upon completion of this project in the third quarter, 1999, most
of our production planning systems, inventory control systems, purchasing
systems, maintenance and quality control systems, information systems and
administrative systems, will be Y2K compliant. The remainder of our systems are
being corrected and tested (phases 3 and 4). We anticipate that the contingency
plans for this sector will be ready in the third quarter of 1999. The food
sector also is undertaking an intensive analysis of the Y2K readiness of its
suppliers and customers to ensure that its operations will not be affected by
the change in millenniums.
Real Estate. In the real estate sector, the Y2K problem is limited to
information and administrative systems, as this sector has no manufacturing or
distribution operations. The evaluation of this sector's systems concluded that
all of this sector's software systems and approximately 80% of its hardware
systems were Y2K compliant. We already have replaced approximately 60% of the
non-compliant hardware systems and have tested approximately 40% of the
corrected systems. We have established approximately 80% of the contingency
plans for this sector to date.
Corporate. At the holding company level, the Y2K problem is limited to
information, accounting, administrative and financial systems. The holding
company's non-compliant computer systems which were 3% of the holding company's
computer systems, have been replaced. We continue testing our software for
interaction with third parties. The holding company is still reviewing Y2K
status of third parties; the results to date have been satisfactory. We are also
inquiring into the Y2K compliance of the electrical system, elevators and
building access equipment with the suppliers of this equipment, even though this
equipment was acquired recently.
ITEM 9A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our business activities require that we hold or issue financial
instruments, principally debt obligations, that expose us to market risk caused
by movements in
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<PAGE> 67
currency exchange rates and interest rates. To hedge floating interest rates we
sometimes utilize derivative instruments. All financial instruments held by us
are for purposes other than trading.
INTEREST RATE RISK.
Our exposure to market risk associated with changes in interest rates
relates primarily to debt obligations. Our policy is to manage our interest rate
risk through a combination of fixed and floating rate debt issues. With respect
to floating rate debt, we sometimes use interest rate swap contracts to minimize
our interest rate exposure. Most of our debt is denominated in Dollars.
The table below provides information as of December 31, 1998 about our
financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For these
debt obligations, the table presents principal cash flows and related weighted
average interest rates by expected maturity dates. The fair value of long-term
debt is based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues, as
well as on the present value of future cash flows. The rates used to discount
the future cash flows of debt instruments are the London inter-bank offered rate
or "LIBOR" and the Mexican CETES rates that match the remaining life of the
instrument.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXPECTED MATURITY DATE
1999 2000 2001 2002
---- ---- ---- ----
(AMOUNTS IN MILLIONS OF MEXICAN PESOS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
FIXED RATE DEBT*
Dollar-denominated Ps. 211 Ps. 755 Ps. 10 Ps. 11
Weighted average interest rate 8.4% 6.9% 6.14% 5.9%
Peso-denominated Ps. 247 Ps. 10 Ps. 10 Ps. 7
Weighted average interest rate 37.8% 33.4% 33.4% 33.1%
FLOATING RATE DEBT**
Dollar-denominated Ps.3,087 Ps.1,377 Ps. 1,382 Ps. 518
Weighted average interest rate*** 6.4% 6.4% 6.4% 6.6%
Peso-denominated Ps. 16 -- Ps. 60 --
Weighted average interest rate 36.4% -- 36.7% --
INTEREST RATE SWAPS
Variable to fixed Ps.311
Average pay rate 6.5%
Average receive rate 5.8%
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXPECTED MATURITY DATE
FAIR
----
2003 THEREAFTER TOTAL VALUE
---- ---------- ----- -----
(AMOUNTS IN MILLIONS OF MEXICAN PESOS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
FIXED RATE DEBT*
Dollar-denominated Ps. 11 Ps.1,499 Ps.2,497 Ps. 2,762
Weighted average interest rate 5.9% 8.72%
Peso-denominated Ps. 4 Ps. 14 Ps. 292 Ps. 294
Weighted average interest rate 32.4% 32.4%
FLOATING RATE DEBT**
Dollar-denominated Ps. 896 Ps. 132 Ps.7,392 Ps. 7,602
Weighted average interest rate*** 6.6% 8.2%
Peso-denominated -- Ps. 97 Ps. 173 Ps. 180
Weighted average interest rate -- 36.7%
INTEREST RATE SWAPS
Variable to fixed Ps.308 Ps. 619 (Ps.20)
Average pay rate 7.3%
Average receive rate 5.6%
</TABLE>
- --------------------
* Fixed interest rates are weighted averages as contracted by Desc.
** Floating interest rates are based on semiannual LIBOR curve plus the
weighted average spread for Desc and its subsidiaries.
*** Interest rates in pesos assume a flat yield curve, because there is no
long-term yield curve in Mexican pesos.
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<PAGE> 68
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK.
Our exposure to market risk associated with changes in foreign currency
exchange rates relates primarily to our debt obligations which are denominated
in Dollars, as shown in the interest risk table above.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF REGISTRANT
DIRECTORS
Our board of directors is responsible for the management of our business.
A board of directors, composed of an odd number of members (currently 27), is
elected at our annual ordinary meeting of stockholders. In addition, at the
meeting the directors so elected appoint a number of alternate directors
(currently 7). The holders of the Series A shares have the right to elect one
more than half of the board of directors. Stockholders or groups of stockholders
holding shares, including Series C shares, of any one class which represent at
least 10% of our total equity capitalization have a right to elect one director
of the relevant series per each 10% held. The holders of the Series B shares
have the right to elect the remaining members of the board of directors. Since
the holders of Series C shares as a group represent more than 10% of our total
equity capitalization, one Series C director and one Series C alternate director
were elected at our 1999 general stockholders' meeting.
The following table lists the principal occupation and period of service
on the board of each of our directors and alternate directors elected at our
last general stockholders' meeting, which took place on April 29, 1999. The
holders of each series of shares have elected separate alternate directors.
Alternate directors may replace, in the order that they were appointed, any
director elected by the relevant series of shares who is temporarily or
permanently absent from Mexico City or other location of the board meeting.
Except as indicated below, none of the directors or alternate directors holds
any offices or positions in Desc.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION FIRST
NAME OF DIRECTORS AND POSITIONS WITH DESC ELECTED
- ----------------- ----------------------- -------
Series A Directors:
- --------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Fernando Senderos Mestre................................. Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive
Officer of Desc 1973
Manuel Senderos Irigoyen................................. Private investor and founder of Desc 1973
Eneko de Belausteguigoitia Arocena....................... Chairman of the Board of Elai, S.C. 1973
Carlos Gonzalez Zabalegui................................ Chief Executive Officer of Controladora
Comercial Mexicana, S.A. de C.V.; Director of
Grupo Financiero Banacci, S.A. de C.V. and
Seguros Comercial America, S.A. de C.V. 1996
Carlos Gomez y Gomez..................................... Chairman of the Board of Grupo Financiero
Santander Mexicano, S.A. de C.V.; President
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 69
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION FIRST
NAME OF DIRECTORS AND POSITIONS WITH DESC ELECTED
- ----------------- ----------------------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
of the Mexican Bankers' Association 1973
Luis Prado Vieyra........................................ Chairman of the Board of Cia.
Administradora Prado Vieyra, S.A. de C.V. 1982
Adolfo Patron Lujan...................................... Private investor 1982
Ernesto Vega Velasco..................................... Secretary of the Board, Vice President, Chief
Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer
of Desc 1973
Valentin Diez Morodo..................................... Executive Vice President of Grupo Modelo,
S.A. de C.V. 1999
Manuel Senderos Fernandez................................ Private investor 1993
Federico Fernandez Senderos.............................. Private investor 1993
Emilio Mendoza Saeb...................................... Vice President of Desc and Chief Executive
Officer of Unik 1994
Andres Banos Samblancat.................................. Vice President of Desc and Chief Executive
Officer of Dine. 1994
Ruben Aguilar Monteverde................................. Private investor 1978
Series A Director Alternates:
- -----------------------------
Jorge Ballesteros Franco................................. Chief Executive Officer of Grupo Mexicano de
Desarrollo, S.A. de C.V. 1973
Antonio Ruiz Galindo Terrazas............................ Director of New Projects of Ingenieria Integral
Representaciones e Instalaciones, S.A. de C.V. 1973
Luis Dario Chazaro Senderos.............................. Private investor 1976
Jose Luis Ballesteros Franco............................. Vice Chairman of the Board of Grupo
Mexicano de Desarrollo, S.A. de C.V. 1978
Series B Directors:
- -------------------
Alberto Bailleres Gonzalez............................... Chairman of the Boards of Industrias Penoles,
Grupo Palacio de Hierro, S.A. de C.V., and
Grupo Nacional Provincial, S.A. de C.V. 1973
Romulo O'Farrill, Jr..................................... Chairman of the Board of Novedades Editores,
S.A. de C.V. 1973
Francisco Trouyet Hauss.................................. Chairman of the Board of Interindustrias, S.A.
de C.V. 1973
Victor de la Lama Cortina................................ Chairman of the Board of Administradora
Londres, S.A. de C.V. 1973
Oscar Alarcon Velazquez.................................. Private investor 1976
Prudencio Lopez Martinez................................. Chairman of the Board of Cia. Molinera
Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. 1973
Guillermo Fernandez de la Parra.......................... Private investor 1973
Roger Patron Lujan....................................... Private investor 1984
Javier Ruiz Galindo Terrazas............................. Private investor 1994
</TABLE>
69
<PAGE> 70
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION FIRST
NAME OF DIRECTORS AND POSITIONS WITH DESC ELECTED
- ----------------- ----------------------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
Enrique Ochoa Vega....................................... Vice President of Desc and Chief Executive
Officer of Girsa 1994
Gonzalo Gout Ortiz de Montellano......................... Chairman of the Board of Constructora y
Edificadora Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. 1982
Vicente Cortina Bussutil ................................ Vice President of Desc and Chief Executive
Officer of Agrobios
Series B Director Alternates:
- -----------------------------
Jose Pinto Mazal......................................... Chief Executive Officer of Beta San Miguel,
S.A. de C.V.; Director of Polycrom, S.A. de
C.V. 1996
Jose Pintado Rivero...................................... Chairman of the Board of Pintado y Asoc. 1982
Series C Director:
- ------------------
Carlos Sales Gutierrez................................... Chief Executive Officer of Nacional
Financiera, S.N.C. 1997
Series C Director Alternate:
- ---------------------------
Jose Pliego Alvarez...................................... Deputy Chief Executive Officer of Nacional
Financiera, S.N.C. 1998
</TABLE>
Fernando Senderos Mestre is the son of Manuel Senderos Irigoyen, the
uncle of Manuel Senderos Fernandez and Federico Fernandez Senderos, the cousin
of Luis Dario Chazaro Senderos and the brother-in-law of Carlos Gomez y Gomez.
Manuel Senderos Irigoyen is the grandfather of Manuel Senderos Fernandez and
Federico Fernandez Senderos, the uncle of Luis Dario Chazaro Senderos and the
father-in-law of Carlos Gomez y Gomez. Jorge Ballesteros Franco and Jose Luis
Ballesteros Franco are brothers. Adolfo Patron Lujan and Roger Patron Lujan are
brothers.
COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Our board of directors has an Executive Committee, which currently
consists of 11 board members and Desc's examiner, who must attend meetings of
the board and of the executive committee but may not vote at these meetings. See
"--Examiner" below for more information about the Examiner's responsibilities.
Messrs. Fernando Senderos Mestre, Manuel Senderos Irigoyen, Eneko de
Belausteguigoitia Arocena, Carlos Gonzalez Zabalegui, Carlos Gomez y Gomez,
Adolfo Patron Lujan, Ernesto Vega Velasco, Prudencio Lopez Martinez, Manuel
Senderos Fernandez, Ruben Aguilar Monteverde and Valentin Diez Morodo, are the
current members of the Executive Committee. The board of directors has regularly
scheduled meetings quarterly, and the Executive Committee has regularly
scheduled meetings monthly, other than in the four months when the full board is
in session. The Executive Committee generally acts on matters in the absence of
the board of directors.
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<PAGE> 71
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following table presents information concerning our executive
officers:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS
WITH
NAME POSITION DESC
- ---- -------- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Fernando Senderos Mestre................. Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer 27
Ernesto Vega Velasco..................... Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer 28
Emilio Mendoza Saeb...................... Vice President (Automotive Parts) 31
Enrique Ochoa Vega....................... Vice President (Petrochemicals and Diversified Products) 8
Vicente Cortina Bussutil................. Vice President (Food) 0
Andres Banos Samblancat.................. Vice President (Real Estate) 15
Eduardo Medina Mora Icaza................ Planning and Corporate Relations Director 9
Arturo D'Acosta Ruiz..................... Corporate Director (Treasury and Accounting) 17
Juan Antonio Huitron Benitez............. Corporate Director (Tax and Internal Auditing) 19
Alberto Morett Lopez..................... Corporate Director (Administration and Human Resources) 6
Pedro Piedras Ros........................ Corporate Director of Control (Girsa and Dine) 19
Agustin Rios Matence..................... Corporate Director of Control (Unik) 22
Ernesto Scharrer Tamm.................... Corporate Director of Control (Agrobios) 17
Ramon Estrada Rivero..................... General Counsel 9
</TABLE>
The following table presents information concerning the chief executive
officers of our four principal subsidiaries:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS
WITH
----
NAME SUBSIDIARY (BUSINESS) DESC
- ---- --------------------- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Emilio Mendoza Saeb Unik (Automotive Parts) 31
Enrique Ochoa Vega Girsa (Petrochemicals and Diversified Products) 8
Vicente Cortina Bussutil Agrobios (Food) 0
Andres Banos Samblancat Dine (Real Estate) 15
</TABLE>
EXAMINER
In addition to electing our directors, our stockholders generally elect
an examiner at their annual ordinary meeting. Under Mexican law, the duties of
the examiner include, among other things, examining the operations, books,
records and any other documents of Desc and presenting at the annual ordinary
stockholders' meeting a report on the accuracy, sufficiency and reasonableness
of the information presented by the board of directors at that meeting. Our
examiner is Jose Manuel Canal Hernando, and his alternate is Daniel del Barrio
Burgos.
ITEM 11. COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
For the year ended December 31, 1998, the aggregate compensation of all
directors, alternate directors and officers of Desc, S.A. de C.V. as a group
that was paid
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<PAGE> 72
or accrued by us in that year for services in all capacities was approximately
Ps.59,000. This group includes 35 directors and alternate directors, one
examiner, one alternate examiner and 13 officers, 5 of whom are also directors.
During the year ended December 31, 1998, we contributed approximately Ps.21,927
(in nominal Pesos) to a pension fund that covers the employees and the 13
executive officers of Desc, S.A. de C.V. Aside from this contribution, we did
not set aside or accrue any other funds for pension, retirement or similar
benefits for directors, alternate directors and executive officers as a group.
In 1992, we loaned funds to a trust, which used these funds to purchase
approximately 10,000,000 of our shares in transactions in the open market.
Following the completion of each fiscal year, Desc in its sole discretion,
awards cash bonuses in varying amounts to its executive employees. Most of these
employees are entitled, if they so elected when the plan was adopted, to use
their cash bonuses to purchase Desc shares from the trust at an amount equal to
Ps.9.58 per share (in nominal Pesos, not in thousands), which is the trust's
average cost basis in those shares. In addition to the cash amount of his bonus,
an employee purchasing shares from the trust would recognize income equal to the
difference between the market price of the purchased shares at the time of
purchase by the employee and Ps.9.58. In 1998, Desc paid approximately Ps.8,700
as cash bonuses to its employees and the employees, in turn, purchased
approximately 170,071 Desc shares from the trust, generating a loss for those
employees of approximately Ps.932 based on the closing prices for the B Shares
on December 31, 1998. This amount is not included in the aggregate compensation
referred to in this paragraph. Fernando Senderos Mestre has voting control over
the shares of Desc that are held by the trust.
ITEM 12. OPTIONS TO PURCHASE SECURITIES FROM REGISTRANT OR SUBSIDIARIES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 13. INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT IN CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
See Item 1, "Description of Business--Real Estate--Other Properties" for
a description of real estate transactions between Desc and members of the
Senderos family.
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PART II
ITEM 14. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED
Not Applicable.
PART III
ITEM 15. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 16. CHANGES IN SECURITIES AND CHANGES IN SECURITY FOR REGISTERED SECURITIES
Not Applicable.
PART IV
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Not Applicable.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Reference is made to Item 19(a) for a list of all financial statements
filed as part of this Form 20-F.
ITEM 19. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS
(a) List of Financial Statements
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Report of Arthur Andersen, independent public accountants......................................... F-1
Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 1997 and 1998...................................... F-2
Consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1997 and 1998............................................................................. F-3
Consolidated statements of stockholders' equity for the years
ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998.......................................................... F-4-F-5
Consolidated statements of changes in financial position for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998.................................................... F-6
Notes to consolidated financial statements........................................................ F-7-F-32
Reports of independent public accountants other than
Arthur Andersen................................................................................. F-33-F-34
</TABLE>
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(b) List of Exhibits
2.1. Indenture, dated as of October 17, 1997, among Dine, S.A. de C.V.,
as Issuer, Desc, S.A. de C.V., as Guarantor, and Bankers Trust Company, as
Trustee, relating to Dine's 8 3/4% Guaranteed Notes due 2007 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registration Statement No. 333-9150 of Desc, S.A. de
C.V.).
The Registrant agrees to furnish to the Securities and Exchange
Commission, upon request, copies of any instruments that define the rights of
holders of long-term debt of the registrant that are not filed as exhibits to
this annual report.
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<PAGE> 75
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, the registrant certifies that it meets all the requirements for filing
on Form 20-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf
by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: June 28, 1999
Desc, S.A. de C.V.
By: /s/ Ernesto Vega Velasco
-------------------------
Name: Ernesto Vega Velasco
Title: Chief Financial Officer
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Translation of a report originally issued in Spanish
To the Stockholders of
Desc, S.A. de C.V.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of DESC, S.A. DE
C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES (all incorporated in Mexico and collectively referred to
as the "Company") as of December 31, 1997 and 1998, and the related consolidated
statements of income, stockholders' equity and changes in financial position for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998. These financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits.
We did not audit the financial statements of Girsa, S.A. de C.V. and Agrobios,
S.A. de C.V., which statements reflect total assets of 42% and 44% in 1997 and
1998, and total revenues of 62%, 57% and 55% in 1996, 1997, and 1998,
respectively, of the related consolidated totals. Those financial statements
were audited by other auditors whose reports have been furnished to us and our
opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for those entities, is
based solely on the reports of the other auditors.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards
in Mexico, which are substantially the same as those followed in the United
States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of
material misstatement and that they are prepared in accordance with the
accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico. An audit includes examining,
on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the
overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits and the
reports of other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As explained in Note 2 to the financial statements, effective January 1, 1997,
the Company adopted the Fifth Amendment to Bulletin B-10, issued by the Mexican
Institute of Public Accountants.
Accounting practices used by the Company in preparing the accompanying
consolidated financial statements conform with generally accepted accounting
principles in Mexico but do not conform with generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States. A description of these differences and a
partial reconciliation as permitted by the regulations of the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission of consolidated net income and stockholders' equity to
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States are set forth in
Notes 16, 17 and 18.
In our opinion, based on our audits and the reports of the other auditors, the
consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Desc, S.A. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
as of December 31, 1997 and 1998, and the results of their operations, their
stockholders' equity and the changes in their financial position for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 1998, in accordance with the
accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN
Mexico, D.F.
March 19, 1999
F-1
<PAGE> 77
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1997 AND 1998
EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF CONSTANT MEXICAN PESOS (PS.) AND THOUSANDS OF U.S.
DOLLARS ($)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998 1998
---- ---- ----
A S S E T S
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CURRENT:
Cash and cash equivalents Ps. 1,384,439 Ps. 1,008,752 $ 101,489
Notes and accounts receivable 3,378,438 3,715,264 373,788
Inventories 2,754,286 2,895,244 291,287
Prepaid expenses 67,050 66,556 6,696
Assets available for sale - 298,185 30,000
------------------ ---------------- ----------------
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 7,584,213 7,984,001 803,260
LAND HELD FOR DEVELOPMENT AND
REAL ESTATE PROJECTS 2,647,899 3,415,613 343,640
INVESTMENT IN SHARES 395,604 125,776 12,654
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 12,278,250 13,651,806 1,373,490
GOODWILL 349,150 1,533,485 154,282
OTHER ASSETS 831,126 815,656 82,063
------------------ ---------------- ----------------
TOTAL ASSETS Ps. 24,086,242 Ps. 27,526,337 $ 2,769,389
================== ================ ================
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT:
Bank loans and current portion of long-term debt Ps. 2,963,413 Ps. 3,501,020 $ 352,233
Notes and accounts payable to suppliers 1,693,648 1,743,000 175,361
Other payables and accrued liabilities 863,118 1,242,143 124,970
Income taxes and employee profit sharing 121,478 221,740 22,309
------------------ ---------------- ----------------
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 5,641,657 6,707,903 674,873
LONG-TERM DEBT 5,332,025 6,866,359 690,815
------------------ ---------------- ----------------
TOTAL LIABILITIES 10,973,682 13,574,262 1,365,688
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Capital stock 8,008,849 8,008,394 805,714
Paid-in surplus 1,177,498 1,169,800 117,693
Retained earnings 15,139,387 15,065,852 1,515,756
Reserve for repurchase of shares 320,372 285,848 28,759
Cumulative effect of restatement (13,952,487) (14,082,594) (1,416,831)
------------------ ---------------- ----------------
Majority stockholders' equity 10,693,619 10,447,300 1,051,091
Minority interest 2,418,941 3,504,775 352,610
------------------ ---------------- ----------------
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 13,112,560 13,952,075 1,403,701
------------------ ---------------- ----------------
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Ps. 24,086,242 Ps. 27,526,337 $ 2,769,389
================== ================ ================
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these balance sheets.
F-2
<PAGE> 78
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF CONSTANT MEXICAN PESOS (PS.)
AND THOUSANDS OF U.S. DOLLARS ($), EXCEPT PER SHARE INFORMATION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998 1998
---- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
NET SALES Ps. 16,449,391 Ps. 19,162,645 Ps. 21,388,858 $ 2,151,905
COST OF SALES 11,635,475 13,952,626 15,410,111 1,550,391
----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------
GROSS PROFIT 4,813,916 5,210,019 5,978,747 601,514
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Administrative 1,208,846 1,461,790 1,475,471 148,445
Selling 955,387 851,220 1,418,084 142,672
----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------
2,164,233 2,313,010 2,893,555 291,117
----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------
OPERATING INCOME 2,649,683 2,897,009 3,085,192 310,397
COMPREHENSIVE FINANCIAL RESULT:
Interest income 383,184 375,837 306,082 30,795
Interest expense (861,416) (762,936) (807,764) (81,268)
Exchange loss (108,733) (278,082) (1,549,290) (155,872)
Gain on monetary position 1,544,004 721,724 872,425 87,773
----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------
957,039 56,543 (1,178,547) (118,572)
----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------
EQUITY IN ASSOCIATED COMPANIES AND
UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES 42,875 (49,497) (108,170) (10,883)
OTHER EXPENSES (28,050) (46,846) (12,973) (1,305)
----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------
INCOME BEFORE PROVISIONS AND
EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS 3,621,547 2,857,209 1,785,502 179,637
PROVISIONS FOR:
Income taxes 258,586 309,301 367,058 36,929
Asset tax 38,103 71,419 70,546 7,098
Employee profit sharing 116,555 91,222 125,232 12,599
Effect of tax consolidation (91,183) (174,380) (128,127) (12,891)
----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------
322,061 297,562 434,709 43,735
----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------
INCOME BEFORE EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS 3,299,486 2,559,647 1,350,793 135,902
EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS (222,905) 32,220 - -
----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------
NET CONSOLIDATED INCOME FOR THE YEAR Ps. 3,076,581 Ps. 2,591,867 Ps. 1,350,793 $ 135,902
================= ================ ================ ===============
ALLOCATION OF NET CONSOLIDATED INCOME:
Majority interest Ps. 2,606,523 Ps. 2,147,175 Ps. 924,817 $ 93,045
Minority interest 470,058 444,692 425,976 42,857
----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------
Ps. 3,076,581 Ps. 2,591,867 Ps. 1,350,793 $ 135,902
================= ================ ================ ===============
Earnings (loss) per share:
INCOME BEFORE EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS Ps. 1.96 Ps. 1.44 Ps. 0.61 $ 0.06
================= ================ ================ ===============
EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS Ps. (0.15) Ps. 0.02 Ps. 0.00 $ 0.00
================== ================= ================ ===============
MAJORITY NET INCOME Ps. 1.81 Ps. 1.42 Ps. 0.61 $ 0.06
================= ================ ================ ===============
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING
(000'S) 1,443,300 1,515,185 1,506,981 1,506,981
================== ================ ================= ================
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-3
<PAGE> 79
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF CONSTANT MEXICAN PESOS (PS.)
AND THOUSANDS OF U.S. DOLLARS ($)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PAID-IN
--------- -------
SHARES HISTORICAL RESTATEMENT SURPLUS
------ ---------- ----------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1995 1,365,455,420 Ps. 17,751 Ps. 7,607,329 Ps. 414,617
Increase in capital stock 112,317,950 1,460 381,279 761,386
Dividends paid in shares 28,446,990 370 200 -
Dividends paid in cash - - - -
Net consolidated income for the
year - - - -
Result from holding nonmonetary
assets - - - -
------------- ----------------- --------------- ----------------
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1996 1,506,220,360 19,581 7,988,808 1,176,003
Increase in reserve for repurchase of
shares - - - -
Repurchase of own shares (5,790,000) (76) 285 1,495
Dividends paid in shares 15,062,205 196 55 -
Dividends paid in cash - - - -
Net consolidated income for the year - - - -
Result from holding nonmonetary
assets - - - -
Net variation in minority interest - - - -
------------- ----------------- --------------- ----------------
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1997 1,515,492,565 19,701 7,989,148 1,177,498
Increase in reserve for repurchase of
shares - - - -
Repurchase of own shares (23,129,140) (300) (155) (7,698)
Dividends paid in cash - - - -
Net consolidated income for the year - - - -
Result from holding - - - -
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
RESERVE FOR CUMULATIVE TOTAL
----------- ---------- -----
RETAINED REPURCHASE EFFECT OF MINORITY STOCKHOLDERS'
-------- --------- --------- -------- -------------
EARNINGS of SHARES RESTATEMENT INTEREST EQUITY
-------- --------- ----------- -------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1995 Ps.10,956,961 Ps. 60,000 Ps. (9,618,472) Ps. 2,548,480 Ps.11,986,666
Increase in capital stock - - - - 1,144,125
Dividends paid in shares (570) - - - -
Dividends paid in cash - - - (9,487) (9,487)
Net consolidated income for the
year 2,606,523 - - 470,058 3,076,581
Result from holding nonmonetary
assets - - (2,882,990) (804,157) (3,687,147)
-------------- ----------------- ---------------- --------------- --------------
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1996 13,562,914 60,000 (12,501,462) 2,204,894 12,510,738
Increase in reserve for repurchase of
shares (340,000) 340,000 - - -
Repurchase of own shares (17,391) (79,628) - - (95,315)
Dividends paid in shares (251) - - - -
Dividends paid in cash (213,060) - - (197,724) (410,784)
Net consolidated income for the year 2,147,175 - - 444,692 2,591,867
Result from holding nonmonetary
assets - - (1,451,025) (81,176) (1,532,201)
Net variation in minority interest - - - 48,255 48,255
-------------- ----------------- ---------------- --------------- --------------
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1997 15,139,387 320,372 (13,952,487) 2,418,941 13,112,560
Increase in reserve for repurchase of
shares (200,000) 200,000 - - -
Repurchase of own shares (19,471) (234,524) - - (262,148)
Dividends paid in cash (778,881) - - (240,224) (1,019,105)
Net consolidated income for the year 924,817 - - 425,976 1,350,793
Result from holding - - (130,107) 9,857 (120,250)
</TABLE>
F-4
<PAGE> 80
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PAID-IN
--------- -------
SHARES HISTORICAL RESTATEMENT SURPLUS
------ ---------- ----------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
nonmonetary assets - - - -
Net variation in minority
interest
------------- ----------------- --------------- ----------------
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1998 1,492,363,425 Ps. 19,401 Ps. 7,988,993 Ps. 1,169,800
============= ================= =============== ================
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1997 1,515,492,565 $ 1,982 $ 803,778 $ 118,467
Increase in reserve for
repurchase of
shares - - - -
Repurchase of own shares (23,129,140) (30) (16) (774)
Dividends paid in cash - - - -
Net consolidated income for the year - - - -
Result from holding nonmonetary
assets - - - -
Net variation in minority interest - - - -
------------- ----------------- --------------- ----------------
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1998 1,492,363,425 $ 1,952 $ 803,762 $ 117,693
============= ================= =============== ================
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
RESERVE FOR CUMULATIVE TOTAL
----------- ---------- -----
RETAINED REPURCHASE EFFECT OF MINORITY STOCKHOLDERS'
-------- --------- --------- -------- -------------
EARNINGS of SHARES RESTATEMENT INTEREST EQUITY
-------- --------- ----------- -------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
nonmonetary assets - - - 890,225 890,225
Net variation in minority
interest
-------------- ----------------- ---------------- --------------- --------------
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1998 Ps. 15,065,852 Ps. 285,848 Ps.(14,082,594) Ps.3,504,775 Ps.13,952,075
============== ================= ================ =============== ==============
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1997 $ 1,523,154 $ 32,232 $ (1,403,741) $ 243,366 $ 1,319,238
Increase in reserve for
repurchase of
shares (20,122) 20,122 - - -
Repurchase of own shares (1,959) (23,595) - - (26,374)
Dividends paid in cash (78,362) - - (24,169) (102,531)
Net consolidated income for the year 93,045 - - 42,857 135,902
Result from holding nonmonetary
assets - - (13,090) 992 (12,098)
Net variation in minority interest - - - 89,564 89,564
-------------- ----------------- ---------------- --------------- --------------
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1998 $ 1,515,756 $ 28,759 $ (1,416,831) $ 352,610 $ 1,403,701
============== ================= ================ =============== ==============
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-5
<PAGE> 81
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN FINANCIAL POSITION
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF CONSTANT MEXICAN PESOS (PS.) AND THOUSANDS OF U.S.
DOLLARS ($)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998 1998
---- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
OPERATIONS:
Income before extraordinary items Ps. 3,299,486 Ps. 2,559,647 Ps. 1,350,793 $ 135,902
Add (deduct)-Items which do not require (generate)
Resources-
Depreciation and amortization 811,127 785,329 931,992 93,766
Depreciation of inactive plant - 11,861 56,020 5,636
Extraordinary items (222,905) 32,220 - -
Capitalized comprehensive financial income (cost) 26,111 4,515 (110,226) (11,090)
Equity in associated companies and unconsolidated
subsidiaries (42,875) 49,497 108,170 10,883
Amortization of goodwill 20,714 3,269 25,608 2,576
--------------- --------------- -------------- -------------
3,891,658 3,446,338 2,362,357 237,673
Changes in operating assets and liabilities-
Notes and accounts receivable 84,063 (720,212) (136,103) (13,693)
Inventories (121,232) (617,246) (5,977) (601)
Prepaid expenses (2,450) (36,197) 498 50
Assets available for sale - - (298,185) (30,000)
Notes and accounts payable to suppliers, other payables
and accrued liabilities 293,439 (151,675) 35,523 3,574
Income taxes and employee profit sharing 7,992 (12,254) 100,263 10,087
--------------- --------------- -------------- -------------
Resources generated by operations 4,153,470 1,908,754 2,058,376 207,090
INVESTMENTS:
Land acquisition (14,016) - (85,940) (8,646)
Cost of land sold 80,364 81,003 220,564 22,191
Investment in real estate projects (264,557) (131,949) (359,348) (36,154)
Cost of real estate projects sold 31,868 157,620 128,754 12,954
Shares of associated companies and unconsolidated
subsidiaries (47,886) (6,607) (66,871) (6,728)
Purchase of shares of Corfuerte (742,751) - -
Cash and cash equivalents of Corfuerte - 4,336 - -
Sale of shares of Inmobiliaria Cecore - 17,133 - -
Purchase of shares of Authentic Specialty Foods (ASF) - - (1,476,975) (148,597)
Sale of shares of ASF and Corfuerte - - 433,029 43,566
Cash and cash equivalents of ASF - - 81,674 8,217
Purchase of shares of Nair Industrias - - (253,000) (25,454)
Cash and cash equivalents of Nair Industrias - - 26,653 2,682
Purchase of shares of Canada de Santa Fe - - (117,774) (11,849)
Purchase of shares of Univasa (200,426) - - -
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment (1,679,741) (1,525,787) (1,597,074) (160,680)
Net book value of retirements 132,072 47,316 159,916 16,089
Investment in real estate held for rent (6,051) (206,535) (229,518) (23,092)
Other assets (219,398) (401,576) 19,087 1,922
----------------- ---------------- -------------- -------------
Resources applied to investments (2,187,771) (2,707,797) (3,116,823) (313,579)
FINANCING:
Decrease in short-term bank loans and current portion
of long-term debt (2,567,886) (199,463) 270,969 27,262
Monetary effect on short-term debt, net of exchange loss (758,180) (292,898) 194,827 19,601
Proceeds from long-term debt 1,594,931 3,189,018 1,887,899 189,939
Payments of principal of long-term debt (217,555) (680,864) (1,285,910) (129,374)
Monetary effect on long-term debt, net of exchange loss (943,656) (587,165) 896,228 90,169
Increase in capital stock and paid-in surplus 1,144,125 - - -
Dividends paid - (213,060) (778,881) (78,362)
Dividends paid to minority stockholders of subsidiaries (9,486) (197,524) (240,224) (24,169)
Repurchase of shares - (95,315) (262,148) (26,374)
--------------- --------------- -------------- -------------
Net cash generated by (applied to) financing activities (1,757,707) 922,729 682,760 68,692
--------------- --------------- -------------- -------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 207,992 123,686 (375,687) (37,797)
Balance at beginning of year 1,052,761 1,260,753 1,384,439 139,286
--------------- --------------- -------------- -------------
Balance at end of year Ps. 1,260,753 Ps. 1,384,439 Ps. 1,008,752 $ 101,489
=============== =============== ============== =============
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURES:
Income and asset taxes paid Ps. 322,694 Ps. 333,247 Ps. 566,199 $ 56,964
--------------- --------------- -------------- -------------
Employee profit sharing paid Ps. 56,813 Ps. 92,824 Ps. 76,336 $ 7,680
--------------- --------------- -------------- -------------
Interest paid Ps. 700,252 Ps. 794,745 Ps. 862,335 $ 86,758
---------------- ---------------- -------------- -------------
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements
F-6
<PAGE> 82
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
EXPRESSED IN THOUSANDS OF CONSTANT MEXICAN PESOS (PS.)
AND THOUSANDS OF U.S. DOLLARS ($), EXCEPT EXCHANGE RATES
1. PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES:
The Company is the controlling stockholder of a group of companies that engage
mainly in the manufacture and sale of automotive parts, petrochemicals,
diversified products and food. It is also engaged in the acquisition, sale,
development and leasing of real estate.
The Company's principal subsidiaries, which are all 99.9%-owned by the Company,
are:
- - Unik, S.A. de C.V. ("Unik")
- - Girsa, S.A. de C.V. ("Girsa")
- - Agrobios, S.A. de C.V. ("Agrobios")
- - Dine, S.A. de C.V. ("Dine")
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
The accounting policies followed by the Company are in accordance with the
accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico, which require management to
make certain estimates and use certain assumptions to determine the valuation of
some of the balances included in the financial statements and to make the
disclosures required to be included therein. Although the actual results may
differ from those estimates, management believes that the estimates and
assumptions used were appropriate in the circumstances.
The significant accounting policies followed by the companies are as follows:
CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING POLICY-
Effective 1997, the Company adopted the Fifth Amendment to Bulletin B-10 issued
by the Mexican Institute of Public Accountants. This amendment establishes the
changes in the National Consumer Price Index (NCPI) as the only method to be
used for the restatement of the majority of nonmonetary assets. The amendment
allows the use of replacement costs to recognize the effects of inflation in
inventories and cost of sales and to apply the inflation rate of the countries
of origin and the fluctuation in exchange rates, in the restatement of imported
fixed assets.
RECOGNITION OF THE EFFECTS OF INFLATION-
The Company and its subsidiaries follow the accounting policies established in
Bulletin B-10 and its amendments and, accordingly, the financial statements have
been restated in terms of the purchasing power of the Mexican peso as of
December 31, 1998.
BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION-
The consolidated financial statements include those of the subsidiaries in
which the Company has stock and administrative control. All significant
intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
F-7
<PAGE> 83
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
In accordance with new Bulletin B-15 issued by the Mexican Institute of Public
Accountants, which became effective on January 1, 1998, the financial statements
of independently operated foreign subsidiaries are restated based on the
inflation rate of the countries in which they operate and are then translated
into Mexican pesos at the exchange rate prevailing at year-end. The financial
statements of foreign subsidiaries whose operations are an integral part of the
Mexican companies are translated into Mexican pesos as follows:
- - Monetary assets and liabilities at the exchange rate prevailing at
year-end
- - Nonmonetary assets and liabilities and paid-in capital at the exchange
rate prevailing at the date the transactions occurred
- - Income and expense items at the weighted average exchange rate of the
period
- - The resulting translated amounts are restated using factors derived from
the NCPI.
The participation in net income and changes in equity or consolidation of those
subsidiaries that were sold or acquired during the periods has been included in
the financial statements up to or since the date on which they were sold or
acquired and were restated in terms of purchasing power of the Mexican peso as
of December 31, 1998.
CASH EQUIVALENTS-
Investments in marketable securities consist mainly of acceptances, bank
promissory notes, and paper issued by the Mexican and US governments, at market
(cost plus accrued interest).
INVENTORIES AND COST OF SALES-
Inventories are originally recorded at their acquisition or manufacturing cost
and restated to the lower of their net replacement cost without exceeding their
net realizable value. Substantially, all subsidiaries compute cost of sales
using the replacement cost at the time of sale.
LAND HELD FOR DEVELOPMENT AND REAL ESTATE PROJECTS-
Undeveloped land represents territorial reserves which, together with developed
land and ongoing and completed projects, are considered as inventories, since
they are held for sale. They are recorded at acquisition cost and restated based
on independent appraisals with the purpose of showing values in accordance with
the current situation of the real-estate sector.
Had the NCPI been used to restate land held for development, developed land and
real estate projects, their net value at December 31, 1997 and 1998 would have
increased by Ps.333,143 and Ps.199,749, respectively.
During 1998, the Company capitalized the integral cost of financing on debt
used to finance real estate projects in progress in addition to their
construction and development costs. The amount capitalized was Ps.63,414 and
is restated at year-end using the NCPI.
INVESTMENT IN SHARES-
The investment in shares is represented mainly by the participation in Grupo
Financiero Santander Mexicano, S.A. de C.V. (Santander) at market value as of
December 31, 1998, (equivalent to Ps.2.00 per share) and other investments
recorded under the equity method.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT-
Property, plant and equipment are originally recorded at their cost of
acquisition and/or construction and restated following the accounting policies
established in Bulletin B-10 and its amendments, using the following methods:
1) Changes in the NCPI for all assets acquired in Mexico.
F-8
<PAGE> 84
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
2) Imported machinery and equipment acquired in Mexico or abroad were
restated by applying to their original cost in foreign currency, the
inflation rate of their country of origin and the year-end exchange rates
of the respective currencies, without exceeding their realizable value.
Had the restatement of all property, plant and equipment been calculated using
the NCPI, the net value of fixed assets as of December, 31, 1997 and 1998 would
have increased by Ps.1,069,979 and Ps.931,139 respectively, and depreciation
charged to income for the years then ended would have increased by Ps.52,957 and
Ps.72,920 respectively.
Up to 1996, property, plant and equipment were recorded based on their
acquisition or construction cost and restated to their net replacement values
based on appraisals made by independent appraisers registered with the Mexican
National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV).
The companies follow the practice of capitalizing the comprehensive financing
result on debt used to finance construction in progress and the installation of
equipment, up to the date when the equipment is ready for production. During
1996, 1997 and 1998 the integral financing cost capitalized was Ps. 26,111,
Ps.4,515 and Ps.110,226, respectively.
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the
straight-line method applied to month-end balances based on utilization of the
assets and the estimated remaining useful lives.
GOODWILL-
The goodwill resulting from acquisitions made at a cost higher than book value,
which is substantially equal to the fair value of the net assets acquired as a
result of their restatement through the acquisition date, is amortized over
periods ranging from 3 to 20 years.
INCOME TAXES AND EMPLOYEE PROFIT SHARING-
The provisions for income taxes and employee profit sharing are calculated on
taxable income, which differs from book income due to certain differences in the
recognition of income and expenses for tax and book purposes. The companies do
not have any significant cumulative nonrecurring temporary differences. The main
differences result from depreciation for tax purposes and the effects of
restatement.
Based on the authorization granted by the Ministry of Finance, the Company
prepares its income and asset tax returns on a consolidated basis, including all
subsidiaries which comply with the characteristics established for controlled
companies. The tax benefit in consolidation is recognized as income in the year
in which the annual consolidated tax return is filed.
EMPLOYEE SEVERANCE BENEFITS-
In accordance with Mexican Labor Law, the Mexican subsidiaries are liable for
indemnity payments to employees terminating under certain circumstances. These
payments are expensed when paid.
The liabilities for seniority premiums, pensions and retirement payments are
recorded through annual contributions made to irrevocable trust funds, based on
actuarial calculations using the projected unit credit method.
F-9
<PAGE> 85
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
The comparison of projected actuarial liabilities with the related trust funds
as of December 31, 1997 and 1998 reflects an excess of these funds with respect
to the amounts required. A portion of the excess as of December 31, 1998 is
being recognized over the term in which it is estimated that the employees will
retire and is included in "other assets" in the balance sheet.
Since 1997 the actuarial information regarding severance benefits has been
determined in accordance with new Bulletin D-3, which requires the utilization
of real interest rates for the calculation of employee benefits and considers
the related liabilities to be a non-monetary item. Up to 1996 nominal interest
rates were used and the effects in balance sheet were recognized as a monetary
item.
The analysis of this information is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Projected benefit obligation (PBO) Ps. 507,943 Ps. 641,526
Trust funds 986,098 706,387
--------------------- ---------------------
Excess of funds over projected benefit
obligation 478,155 64,861
Amount recorded in other assets 79,230 92,626
--------------------- ---------------------
Amount to be recognized in future years Ps. 398,925 Ps. (27,765)
===================== ======================
</TABLE>
As of December 31, 1997 and 1998, the trust funds exceed the accumulated benefit
obligation (equivalent to the PBO without projecting the salaries to the date of
retirement) by Ps.578,575 and Ps.182,478, respectively.
During 1998, the Mexican Stock Exchange had a negative trend, which affected
the value of the shares in which the funds are invested. However, as of March
1999, the Stock Exchange has experienced a recovery of 20% in its index, as
compared with the index as of December 31, 1998.
The cost of employee benefits for 1996, 1997 and 1998 is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Service cost Ps. 23,257 Ps. 32,876 Ps. 40,247
Financial cost 24,725 22,887 28,698
Amortization of the excess of funds (5,307) (6,624) (19,488)
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
42,675 49,139 49,457
Less- Actual return on plan assets (42,171) (46,743) (58,171)
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
Net cost (benefit) for the year Ps. 504 Ps. 2,396 Ps. (8,714)
===================== ===================== ======================
</TABLE>
The real rates used to determine the actuarial benefits are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Investment return rate 7.0% 7.0% 7.0%
Discount rate 9.0% 5.0% 5.0%
Salary increase rate 7.5% 1.5% 1.5%
</TABLE>
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY RESTATEMENT-
Capital stock and retained earnings are restated by applying the NCPI to the
original contributions of capital and the earnings obtained. The restatement
represents the amount necessary to maintain stockholders' equity in terms of the
purchasing power of the amounts originally invested or retained.
F-10
<PAGE> 86
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
The cumulative effect of restatement represents the gain or loss from holding
nonmonetary assets, which is the amount by which nonmonetary assets change in
value as compared to the NCPI.
REVENUES AND EXPENSES RESTATEMENT-
Revenues and expenses that are associated with a monetary item are restated from
the month in which they arise through year-end, based on factors derived from
the NCPI. Costs and expenses associated with nonmonetary items are restated
through year-end, as a function of the restatement of the nonmonetary asset
which is being consumed or sold.
COMPREHENSIVE FINANCIAL RESULT-
This represents the net effect of interest earned and incurred, exchange gains
and losses and the gain or loss from monetary position, which is the result of
maintaining monetary assets and liabilities whose real purchasing power is
modified by the effects of inflation.
Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rate effective at the
time the transactions are carried out and foreign currency denominated assets
and liabilities are adjusted to the exchange rate effective at year-end.
EARNINGS PER SHARE-
The Company determined its earnings per share based on the average number of
shares outstanding during the years.
FUTURE IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS-
During 1998, the Mexican Institute of Public Accountants issued a revised
Bulletin D-4, "Accounting for Income Taxes, Asset Taxes and Employee Profit
Sharing". This new standard will be mandatory for all Mexican companies in 2000.
The effect of the adoption of this new Mexican standard on the Company's Mexican
GAAP financial statements with respect to income and assets taxes is expected to
be substantially identical to the effect of the application of SFAS No. 109, as
indicated in the reconciliation of Mexican GAAP to U.S. GAAP presented in Note
17. However, the revised Bulletin D-4 will not require any change in the
recognition of employee profit sharing. The Company plans to adopt this new
Mexican standard in 2000.
A revised IAS No. 14 was issued in August 1997 and will become an integral part
of Mexican GAAP when it becomes effective in 1999. While this new standard will
have no impact on the amounts in the basic financial statements, it
significantly expands the footnote disclosures required for operating and
geographical segments. The Company plans to adopt this new Mexican standard in
2000.
3. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS:
Cash and cash equivalents consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Cash Ps. 234,093 Ps. 134,979
Unsecured short-term investments at fixed rates of
interest with maturities less than 3 months 1,150,346 873,773
--------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 1,384,439 Ps. 1,008,752
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
F-11
<PAGE> 87
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
4. NOTES AND ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE:
Notes and accounts receivable include:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Trade Ps. 2,940,149 Ps. 3,298,281
Less- Allowance for doubtful accounts 77,198 63,555
--------------------- ---------------------
2,862,951 3,234,726
Other accounts receivable 515,487 480,538
--------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 3,378,438 Ps. 3,715,264
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
5. INVENTORIES:
Inventories consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Finished goods and work in process Ps. 1,488,631 Ps. 1,555,541
Raw materials, supplies and other 1,270,192 1,345,063
--------------------- ---------------------
2,758,823 2,900,604
Less- Allowance for slow-moving items 25,022 24,533
--------------------- ---------------------
2,733,801 2,876,071
Advances to suppliers 20,485 19,173
--------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 2,754,286 Ps. 2,895,244
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
6. LAND HELD FOR DEVELOPMENT
AND REAL ESTATE PROJECTS:
Land held for development and real estate projects are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Land held for development Ps. 1,336,187 Ps. 1,784,041
Real estate projects in progress 958,744 1,271,891
Real estate for sale 265,879 241,334
Developed land 38,223 89,488
Advances to contractors 42,642 22,777
Other 6,224 6,082
--------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 2,647,899 Ps. 3,415,613
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:
Property, plant and equipment include:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Buildings and installations Ps. 5,396,638 Ps. 5,913,172
Machinery and equipment 13,026,845 13,639,457
Transportation equipment 360,388 467,005
Furniture and office equipment 284,432 298,082
Real estate for rent 568,907 575,518
Other 415,126 252,069
--------------------- ---------------------
20,052,336 21,145,303
Less- Accumulated depreciation 9,861,762 9,895,444
--------------------- ---------------------
10,190,574 11,249,859
Projects in progress 812,619 1,193,741
Land 1,275,057 1,208,206
--------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 12,278,250 Ps. 13,651,806
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
F-12
<PAGE> 88
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
The annual depreciation rates are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Buildings and installations 2.83% to 10.00% 1.40% to 31.46% 1.40% to 31.46%
Machinery and equipment 3.25% to 20.00% 3.64% to 33.33% 3.09% to 35.00%
Transportation equipment 7.69% to 33.33% 5.00% to 33.33% 7.00% to 25.00%
Furniture and office equipment 5.61% to 67.58% 3.00% to 69.00% 3.00% to 69.00%
Real estate for rent 2.5% 2.5% 2.5%
Other 1.40% to 57.75% 4.56% to 58.00% 4.58% to 58.00%
</TABLE>
8. TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES
IN FOREIGN CURRENCY:
The Company and its subsidiaries valued their foreign currency denominated
assets and liabilities, represented mainly by US dollars, at the exchange rate
effective at December 31, 1997 and 1998 of Ps.8.064 and Ps.9.9395 per US dollar,
respectively, because it is expected to use foreign currency denominated assets
to settle the foreign currency denominated liabilities.
As of December 31, 1997 and 1998, the foreign currency position was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Assets $ 180,898 $ 275,569
-------------------- ---------------------
Liabilities-
Current-
Non-interest bearing 132,514 112,608
Interest bearing 302,099 323,944
--------------------- ---------------------
434,613 436,552
Long-term 540,181 675,195
--------------------- ---------------------
974,794 1,111,747
--------------------- ---------------------
Net liability position in foreign currency $ 793,896 $ 836,178
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
During the years ended December 31, 1996,1997 and 1998, the Company and its
subsidiaries had transactions in foreign currency which had been translated to
Mexican pesos at the exchange rate in effect at the date of each transaction,
the most significant of which were:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Direct export sales $ 312,720 $ 506,389 $ 633,178
Indirect export sales under agreement 166,938 181,581 189,157
------------------- --------------------- -------------------
479,658 687,970 822,335
Less- Purchases of inventories (333,383) (492,041) (583,789)
------------------- --------------------- -------------------
146,275 195,929 238,546
------------------- --------------------- -------------------
Interest earned 4,057 360 580
Less- Interest expense (60,068) (54,403) (58,780)
------------------- --------------------- -------------------
(56,011) (54,043) (58,200)
------------------- --------------------- -------------------
Royalty income 1,913 9,594 4,839
------------------- --------------------- -------------------
Net $ 92,177 $ 151,480 $ 185,185
=================== ===================== ===================
</TABLE>
F-13
<PAGE> 89
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
As of March 19, 1999, the date of issuance of these financial statements, the
unaudited foreign exchange position was similar to that at year-end, and the
exchange rate was Ps.9.653 per US dollar.
9. BANK LOANS AND LONG-TERM DEBT:
Banks loans and long-term debt are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997
----
MATURITY INTEREST RATE AMOUNT MATURITY
-------- ---- ------ --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Eurobonds-
Girsa $ 80.93 million 1998 8.37% Ps. 774,067 -
Dine $ 57.80 million 1998 8.12% 552,836 -
Guaranteed bonds-
Dine $ 150 million 2007 8.75% 1,434,696 2007
International Finance Corporation-
Girsa $ 155 million 1999 to 2006 Variable 908,641 1999 to 2006
Credit contracts-
Girsa $ 65 million 2000 Variable 621,702 2000
Girsa $ 30 million - - - 2003
Guaranteed syndicated credits-
Unik $ 75 million - - - 2001
Unik $ 31.30 million 2002 6.49% 362,900 2002
Unik $ 34.26 million 2003 7.34% 386,996 2003
Other loans payable in-
Mexican pesos 1998 to 2003 Variable 186,761 1999 to 2003
Foreign currency 1998 to 2004 Variable 2,035,064 2000 to 2007
----------------
7,263,663
Less- Current portion (1,931,638)
----------------
Ps. 5,332,025
=================
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998
----
INTEREST RATE AMOUNT
---- ------
<S> <C> <C>
Eurobonds-
Girsa $ 80.93 million - Ps. -
Dine $ 57.80 million - -
Guaranteed bonds-
Dine $ 150 million 8.75% 1,490,925
International Finance Corporation-
Girsa $ 155 million Variable 1,540,623
Credit contracts-
Girsa $ 65 million Variable 646,067
Girsa $ 30 million Variable 298,185
Guaranteed syndicated credits-
Unik $ 75 million Variable 745,463
Unik $ 31.30 million 6.49% 311,127
Unik $ 34.26 million 7.34% 340,523
Other loans payable in-
Mexican pesos Variable 190,996
Foreign currency Variable 2,106,503
----------------
7,670,412
Less- Current portion (804,053)
----------------
Ps. 6,866,359
=================
</TABLE>
Long-term debt maturities are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998
<S> <C>
2000 Ps. 2,143,314
2001 1,386,603
2002 733,955
2003 734,027
2004 and thereafter 1,868,460
---------------------
Ps. 6,866,359
=====================
</TABLE>
The current portion of long-term debt and short-term bank loans are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Current portion of long-term debt Ps. 1,931,638 Ps. 804,053
Other loans payable in-
Mexican pesos 33,048 8,856
Foreign currency 998,727 2,688,111
--------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 2,963,413 Ps. 3,501,020
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
F-14
<PAGE> 90
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
On July 21, and October 15, 1993, Girsa and Dine, subsidiaries of Desc, placed
long-term Eurobonds issues at fixed rates of interest which were paid at their
due dates in 1998. On October 9, 1997 Dine placed long-term guaranteed bonds
on the international markets due October 9, 2007.
Some of the obligations and restrictions of the guaranteed bonds are as follows:
- - Specific restrictions on new liens on fixed assets.
- - Limitations on the acquisition of new debt when the adjusted interest
coverage ratio is less than 2.25. At year-end, the ratio was 5.05.
- - Limitations regarding dividend payments, share distributions,
repurchase of shares and/or any other form of capital reductions in
cash. Such payments may be made only when:
1. No event of default under the established obligations of the issue has
occurred.
2. Payments do not exceed the cumulative amount of majority consolidated
income (not considering the effects of inflation). The cumulative amount
shall be computed from January 1, 1997 through the date on which any
payment is made. Such amount shall be multiplied by .5, and $50 million
will be added. The result shall represent the Company's dividend payment
capacity. In case the cumulative amount is negative, an aggregate payment
of $30 million may be made over the term of the issue.
The investment contract with International Finance Corporation (IFC), whereby
IFC granted to Girsa a financing for $155 million, is comprised as follows:
- - Loan A, for $30 million
- - Loan B, for $40 million
- - Loan C, for $10 million
- - Loan D is a revolving loan through the issuance of commercial paper
represented by a maximum unpaid amount of $75 million
At December 31, 1997 and 1998, a total of $95 million and $155 million,
respectively, has been used.
Repayment of loans A, B and C will be made through equal semi-annual
installments, beginning on August 15, 1999, during five, four and seven-year
terms, respectively. Loan D will be repaid in full no later than August 14,
2000.
Interest on the loans will be paid semiannually with a reduction of a hundred
basis points since May 15, 1998 and until their due dates, according to an
agreement dated May 15, 1998, at the following rates:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Rates
LOAN 1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
A and C LIBOR + 3.125 LIBOR + 2.125
B LIBOR + 3.0 LIBOR + 2.0
</TABLE>
Additionally, loan C requires the payment of additional annual interest
calculated at 1% of the consolidated operating margin (operating income less
consolidated financial expense of Girsa) with a maximum limit set.
Interest on Loan D is determined in accordance with the discount rate of the
issuance of the commercial paper plus the commission on the unused line of
credit equivalent to 2.25 points.
There are certain covenants for Girsa and its subsidiaries, which have been
complied with, of which the most significant are:
F-15
<PAGE> 91
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
- - Limitation as to the existence of liens.
- - Disposals of property, plant and equipment.
- - Current ratio of at least 1.
- - Debt to equity ratio of no greater than 0.60.
- - Consolidated short-term debt may not exceed 20% of net sales for the
previous year.
During 1997, Girsa signed into credit contracts for long-term operations (3
years), in which it received financing of $65 million, including global payments
at the maturity dates and semi-annual payments of interest at rates ranging
between LIBOR plus 0.80 and LIBOR plus 2.5.
During 1998, Girsa signed into credit contracts for long-term operations (5
years) in which it received financing of $30 million, including global payment
at the maturity dates and quarterly payments of interest at LIBOR plus 1.0.
The financing establishes restrictions for Girsa and its subsidiaries, which in
all cases have been met, the most important of which are similar to those of the
IFC loan mentioned above.
On May 19, 1998 Unik signed a guaranteed syndicated credit of $75 million,
payable in one installment in the year 2001, bearing interest at LIBOR plus 1.0
in the first year and LIBOR plus 1 and 1/8 in the next two years. This loan is
guaranteed by Unik and its subsidiaries Spicer, S.A. de C.V., Moresa, S.A. de
C.V. and Hayes Wheels de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.
As part of its debt restructuring, Spicer entered into syndicated loan
agreements amounting to $100 million, secured by its export sales. As of
December 31, 1998, outstanding amounts were $31.30 million and $34.26 million.
These loans are linked to a long-term export contract with Dana Corporation
(minority stockholder of Spicer), whereby Dana agrees to purchase sufficient
amounts to generate the resources necessary to pay the loan installments.
These loans are payable in semi-annual installments that began on June 6 and
September 11, 1996, respectively, over a seven-year period, bearing variable
interest rates at LIBOR plus 0.50. In addition, Spicer entered into two swaps
for the same amounts and terms of these loans, to secure fixed interest rates,
after taxes, of 7.342% and 6.495%, respectively.
The fair value of the interest rate swaps is estimated based on quoted market
prices to terminate the related contracts at the reporting date. As of December
31, 1998 the fair value of the interest rate swaps was estimated to be a loss of
Ps.19,799. The Company does not anticipate canceling these contracts and expects
them to expire as originally contracted.
The fair value of the long-term debt $150 million Guaranteed Bonds issued by
Dine is $120.5 million. The fair value is based on the discounted value of
contractual cash flow. The discount rate is estimated using rates currently
offered for debt with similar remaining maturities. The fair value is based on
quoted market prices. The carrying value of the short-term debt and of the rest
of the long-term debt is substantially the same as their fair value.
10. ACQUISITIONS AND SALES:
In June 1998, Dine acquired an additional 10% of Canada de Santa Fe, S.A. de
C.V., owner of land reserves for residential projects, in Ps.107,712 (nominal
value). After this transaction, Dine has effective control over the acquired
company and, therefore, it included it in the consolidation.
Also in June 1998, the Company, through its subsidiary Agrobios, acquired 99% of
the shares of Authentic Specialty Foods ("ASF"), a company engaged in the
manufacture and distribution of Mexican food in the South and West of the United
States by $148 million. In 1998, ASF's annual sales amounted to $42 million of
which $36 million were included in the accompanying income statement and total
assets of to $176 million at year-end. Goodwill of Ps.1,174,631 resulting from
this transaction will be amortized in 40 years in the United States.
On the date of acquisition of ASF, it was decided to sell a portion of the fixed
assets acquired. These fixed assets were sold in January 1999 for $30 million
(Ps.298,185). In September 1998, Agrobios sold 18.69% of its equity in Corfuerte
and AAC (ASF's holding company) to J. P. Morgan Capital Corporation. The net
gain obtained from this transaction ($9 million) was recognized as income.
F-16
<PAGE> 92
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
In December 1998, Corfuerte, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary of Agrobios) acquired 60%
of the shares of Nair Industrias, S.A. de C.V. and Pesquera Nair, S.A. de C.V.,
companies engaged to the fishing and selling of tuna, for Ps.253,000. These
companies reported sales of Ps.226,475 in 1998, of which Ps.23,240 was included
in the accompanying income statement, and total assets of Ps.461,569 at
year-end.
11. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
At the stockholders' meetings held on April 24 and December 9, 1998, the
following was approved:
a) The payment of cash dividends of Ps.736,323 whose restated value is
Ps.778,881.
b) To restructure the shares representing the capital stock through a
stock split, whereby each outstanding share was exchanged for five
new shares of the same Series.
c) To increase the reserve for the repurchase of shares by Ps.200,000,
affecting retained earnings, with the purpose of purchasing shares
for an amount up to 3% of the Company's capital stock. During the
year, 23,129,140 shares were purchased in Ps.262,148 whose market
value as of December 31, 1998 was Ps.240,854.
As of December 31, 1998 the capital stock is represented by:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES AMOUNT
<S> <C> <C>
Fixed portion-
Nominative Series "A" shares (without withdrawal rights
and which must represent at least 51%
of the shares with voting rights) 620,400,900 Ps. 8,065
Variable portion-
Nominative Series "B" shares (with withdrawal
rights and which may not represent more than
49% of the shares with voting rights) 554,096,760 7,203
Series "C" shares (with voting restrictions) 317,865,765 4,133
---------------- ---------------
1,492,363,425 Ps. 19,401
================ ===============
</TABLE>
Series "A" and "B" shares may only be acquired by Mexican citizens or Mexican
entities with an exclusion clause for foreign investors. Series "C" shares may
be freely subscribed.
Dividends from earnings generated until 1998 are not subject to income taxes, as
long as they are paid from "Net taxable income" (UFIN). Dividends not paid from
UFIN are subject to a 34% income tax. Beginning in 1999, dividends paid to
individuals or foreign residents will be subject to income tax withholding at an
effective rate ranging from 7.5% to 7.7%, depending on the year in which the
earnings were generated. In addition, if earnings for which no corporate tax has
been paid are distributed, the tax must be paid upon distribution of the
dividends. Consequently, the Company must keep a record of earnings subject to
each tax rate.
F-17
<PAGE> 93
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
Capital reductions will be subject to taxes on the excess of the reduction over
the price-level adjusted paid-in capital, in accordance with the formula
prescribed by the income tax law.
The annual net income of each company is subject to the legal requirement that
5% thereof be transferred to a legal reserve until this reserve equals 20% of
capital stock. This reserve may not be distributed to stockholders during the
existence of the Company, except in the form of stock dividends. The nominal
amount of the legal reserve as of December 31, 1997 and 1998 is Ps.20,660, which
is included in retained earnings.
12. INCOME TAX BASIS:
The companies are subject to income and asset taxes. Income taxes are calculated
in terms of Mexican pesos when the transactions occurred and not in terms of
Mexican pesos as of the end of the periods. Beginning in 1999, the income tax
rate increased from 34% to 35%, with the obligation to pay this tax each year at
a rate of 30% (transitorily 32% in 1999), with the remainder payable upon
distribution of earnings. The asset tax rate is 1.8%.
Some subsidiaries in the agribusiness sector have authorizations to pay income
and asset taxes under a simplified regimen. Other subsidiaries have a 50%
reduction of their taxable income due to their activities.
Asset tax are computed at an annual rate of 1.8% on the average of the majority
of restated assets (except investments) less certain liabilities, and the tax is
paid only to the extent that it exceeds the income taxes of the period. Any
required payment of asset taxes may be credited against the excess of income
taxes over asset taxes for the following ten years.
Employee profit sharing has been determined based on the individual results of
each operating company, rather than on a consolidated basis.
At December 31, 1998, the Company has consolidated asset tax paid in 1994 of
Ps.11,220, which will be indexed for inflation until the year of application,
with expiration in 2004.
In 1996, 1997 and 1998, the principal differences between the tax expense and
the income taxes provisions are the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Tax expense at statutory rate Ps. 1,231,325 Ps. 971,451 Ps. 607,071
Permanent differences-
Gain on monetary position (483,324) (237,578) (332,680)
Inflationary component 418,659 266,683 191,337
Non-deductible items 63,795 76,484 70,765
Non-taxable income (204,983) (93,886) (88,126)
Loss related to subsidiaries subject to the
simplified income tax system (41,481) (120,869) (22,688)
Other 31,442 (45,627) 88,062
----------------- ----------------- ------------------
(215,892) (154,793) (93,330)
----------------- ----------------- ------------------
Temporary differences-
Depreciation (212,868) (99,190) (92,511)
Cost of sales versus purchases, labor and overhead (203,698) (218,860) (26,895)
Reserves (11,720) (6,004) 6,894
Equity in unconsolidated subsidiaries 11,405 903 17,747
Tax loss carryforward which will be used in the future 70,972 48,697 83,117
Other (968) (49,980) (47,291)
------------------ ------------------ -------------------
(346,877) (324,434) (58,939)
------------------ ----------------- -------------------
668,556 492,224 454,802
Amortization of tax loss carryforwards (409,970) (182,923) (87,744)
----------------- ----------------- ------------------
Income tax provision Ps. 258,586 Ps. 309,301 Ps. 367,058
================= ================= ==================
</TABLE>
F-18
<PAGE> 94
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
The following changes in the Mexican income tax law are effective beginning in
1999:
1. As mentioned above, the income tax rate increased from 34% to
35%, allowing the Company to defer payment of 5% of the tax
(3% in 1999) until the date on which the earnings are
distributed as dividends.
2. The benefits of tax consolidation are limited to 60% of the
stockholder participation in the subsidiaries, eliminating
those over which only effective control is exercised.
3. Consolidated estimated tax payments made through the holding
company have been eliminated.
4. The immediate deduction of investments in fixed assets has
been eliminated.
13. EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS:
Extraordinary items, consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Credits-
Effect of the change in the valuation method of
inventories in Unik Ps. - Ps. 32,220
--------------------- ---------------------
- 32,220
--------------------- ---------------------
Charges-
Write-off of goodwill in Santander (189,285) -
Provision for asset impairment in Girsa (33,620) -
--------------------- ---------------------
(222,905) -
--------------------- ---------------------
Ps. (222,905) Ps. 32,220
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS:
a) On February 18, 1999, Girsa signed a letter of intent to enter into a
joint venture with Repsol Quimica (a subsidiary of Repsol, S.A. of
Spain) to operate the solution synthetic rubber business in North
America and Europe.
The future partners are willing to execute the final agreements and
start the new company within six months.
b) On January 14, 1999, Desc obtained a syndicated loan of $120 million,
maturing within two years, bearing interest at LIBOR plus 375 basis
points. The proceeds of this loan will be used to pay short-term debt.
This loan establishes similar restrictions to those stated in Note 9,
except that the payment of dividends is restricted in 1999.
15. RECLASSIFICATIONS OF PRIOR YEAR
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 1996
and 1997 have been reclassified in order to conform them to the presentation of
the financial statements as of December 31, 1998.
16. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEXICAN
AND US GAAP:
The consolidated financial statements of the Company are presented on the basis
of generally accepted accounting principles in Mexico ("Mexican GAAP"). Certain
accounting practices applied by the Company that conform with Mexican GAAP, do
not conform with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States
("US GAAP").
F-19
<PAGE> 95
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
Note 17 presents a reconciliation of net income and stockholders' equity to US
GAAP. However, this reconciliation to US GAAP does not include the reversal of
the restatement of the financial statements to comprehensively recognize the
effects of inflation, as required under Mexican GAAP Bulletin B-10, "Recognition
of the Effects of Inflation on Financial Information," as amended. The
application of Bulletin B-10 represents a comprehensive measure of the effects
of price level changes in the inflationary Mexican economy and, as such, is
considered a more meaningful presentation than historical cost-based financial
reporting for both Mexican and US accounting purposes.
The principal differences between Mexican GAAP and US GAAP are described below
together with an explanation, where appropriate, of the method used in the
determination of the adjustments that affect net income and total stockholders'
equity.
Cash flow information-
Under Mexican GAAP, the Company presents consolidated statements of changes in
financial position.
Bulletin B-12 specifies the appropriate presentation of the statement of changes
in financial position when the financial statements have been restated in
constant Mexican pesos in accordance with the third amendment to Bulletin B-10.
Bulletin B-12 identifies the generation and application of resources
representing differences between beginning and ending financial statement
balances in constant Mexican pesos. The bulletin also requires that monetary and
foreign exchange gains and losses not be treated as non-cash items in the
determination of resources provided by operations.
The changes included in this statement constitute cash flow activity stated in
constant Mexican pesos (including monetary and unrealized foreign exchange gains
and losses on liabilities, which are considered cash gains and losses in the
constant Mexican peso financial statements).
In accordance with Mexican GAAP, the reduction in current and long-term debt due
to restatement in constant Mexican pesos and unrealized exchange gains and
losses on liabilities are presented as a resource used by financing activities
and the gain from monetary position is presented as a component of operating
activities.
Under US GAAP, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 95, "Statement of
Cash Flows," does not provide guidance with respect to inflation-adjusted
financial statements and requires presentation of statement of cash flows.
The following presents a reconciliation of the resources generated by operating,
investing and financing activities under Mexican GAAP to the resources generated
by such activities under US GAAP.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Resources generated by operations under Mexican GAAP Ps. 4,153,470 Ps. 1,908,754 Ps. 2,058,376
Inflationary effects (1,544,003) (721,724) (872,425)
Exchange loss 153,381 178,349 1,726,783
Net book value of retirements 132,072 47,316 159,916
------------------- ------------------ --------------------
Resources generated by operations under US GAAP Ps. 2,894,920 Ps. 1,412,695 Ps. 3,072,650
=================== ================== ====================
Resources applied to investing activities under Mexican
GAAP Ps. 2,187,771 Ps. 2,707,797 Ps. 3,116,823
Retirements of property, plant and equipment (132,072) (47,316) (159,916)
Restatement of investment (744,745) (553,451) (242,056)
------------------- ------------------ --------------------
Resources applied to investing activities under US GAAP Ps. 1,310,954 Ps. 2,107,030 Ps. 2,714,851
=================== ================== ====================
Resources generated by (applied to) financing activities
under Mexican GAAP Ps. (1,757,707) Ps. 922,729 Ps. 682,760
Inflationary effects 2,288,748 1,275,175 1,114,481
Exchange loss (153,381) (178,349) (1,726,783)
------------------- ------------------ --------------------
Resources generated by financing activities
under US GAAP Ps. 377,660 Ps. 2,019,555 Ps. 70,458
=================== ================== ====================
</TABLE>
F-20
<PAGE> 96
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
Deferred income taxes and
employee profit sharing-
The Company adopted statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109 ("SFAS
No. 109"), "Accounting for Income Taxes" effective January 1, 1992 for US GAAP
reconciliation purposes (see Note 17). Deferred income taxes under US GAAP are
principally due to the difference in the bases of fixed assets for book and tax
purposes, the deduction of purchases and production costs remaining in inventory
for book purposes which are charged to expense for tax purposes and the
recording of tax loss carryforwards as deferred tax assets, which is prohibited
under Mexican GAAP in most cases.
The tax effects of temporary differences that generated deferred tax liabilities
(assets) under SFAS No. 109 are as follows:
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Fixed assets Ps. 2,420,690 Ps. 2,018,265
Inventories 1,131,438 1,245,471
Reserves (79,239) (80,121)
Investment in Santander (248,859) (232,846)
Payments for rights to enter into lease agreements 1,993 2,317
Tax loss carryforwards (270,648) -
Asset tax recoverable (168,610) (11,220)
Other 7,080 19,138
Less-Allowance for doubtful prepaid income taxes 248,859 232,846
--------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 3,042,704 Ps. 3,193,850
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
Employee profit sharing is subject to the future consequences of temporary
differences in the same manner as income taxes. The deferred effects not
recorded under Mexican GAAP are included in the reconciliation of Mexican to US
GAAP. Additionally, for US GAAP purposes, employee profit sharing must be
classified as an operating expense.
DEFERRED EMPLOYEE PROFIT SHARING
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Fixed assets Ps. 675,268 Ps. 590,080
Inventories 190,751 176,612
Reserves (18,919) (24,368)
Unrealized exchange losses (21,896) (31,038)
Other 16,653 36,520
--------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 841,857 Ps. 747,806
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
Cost of pension plans and
other employee benefits-
On January 1, 1989, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 87 ("SFAS
No. 87"), "Employers' Accounting for Pensions", became effective for pension
plans outside the United States. The Company has prepared a study of pension
costs under US GAAP (see Note 18). Under Mexican GAAP, the requirement to record
liabilities for employee benefits using actuarial computations substantially the
same as SFAS No. 87 was required beginning in 1993.
F-21
<PAGE> 97
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
The Company has no post-retirement health care insurance or other benefit plans,
other than the pension plans referred to in Note 18. Therefore, Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 106, "Employers' Accounting for
Post-retirement Benefits other than Pensions", and Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 112, "Employers' Accounting for Post-employment
Benefits", would have no effect on the Company's financial position.
During 1992, the Company withdrew Ps.186,520 from plan assets covering pension
and seniority premiums for employees of certain subsidiaries, as the plans were
overfunded. The amount of the withdrawal was recorded as income under Mexican
GAAP, however, for purposes of SFAS No. 87, the amount must be amortized over
the average remaining working life of the employees, which is approximately 17
years.
Minority interest-
Under Mexican GAAP, Bulletin B-8, minority interest in subsidiaries must be
included as a component of stockholders' equity. Consequently, unlike US GAAP,
minority interest in the income of subsidiaries is not presented as an expense
in the statement of income. Under US GAAP, minority interest in subsidiaries is
shown below liabilities on the balance sheet and is included in stockholders'
equity.
Cost of sales and inventory valuation-
Certain of the Company's subsidiaries use the direct cost method to calculate
cost of sales and inventory, whereby certain overhead costs are charged to
expense when they are incurred rather than being allocated to inventory. US GAAP
requires that indirect manufacturing costs be considered as part of inventory
cost.
Land held for development-
Undeveloped and developed land of the real estate business are considered as
inventories, since they are held for sale. In 1998, they were restated based
on independent appraisals. Under US GAAP, these assets and the corresponding
cost of land sold during the year would be restated using the NCPI.
Property, plant and equipment-
Since 1997, the Company restated its fixed assets of foreign origin based on
the internal inflation rate of the country of origin and the period end
exchange rate. Under US GAAP, these fixed assets would be restated using the
NCPI.
Sale of subsidiaries, plant
closings and abandonment of assets-
Under Mexican GAAP, certain costs of plant closings were deferred and amortized
over a three-year period. In addition, certain assets not in use and expected to
be disposed were depreciated over their normal useful lives. Under US GAAP, the
costs associated with the sale or closing of a plant, and any estimated
impairment in value of the assets or loss on sale must be recorded as an expense
as soon as it can be estimated. Therefore, in the reconciliation of net income
and stockholders' equity, these costs and writedowns are adjusted to reflect
them in the year in which they became subject to estimation.
Stock option plan-
The Company has a stock option plan for certain of its executives. Under Mexican
GAAP compensation expense is not generally recognized. Under US GAAP the
difference between the market price and the grant price at the date of grant is
charged to compensation expense over the period expected to be benefited, which
generally is the vesting period of the stock options. The options granted under
the Company's plan are at a price substantially the same as the market price at
the date of grant. Therefore, any adjustment under US GAAP is not significant.
F-22
<PAGE> 98
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
Payments received for the right to
enter into lease agreements-
In Mexico, it is common practice for lessors to collect an "up-front" payment
from lessees upon the initial signing of a lease agreement. The Company, under
Mexican GAAP, has recognized these payments as income in the period in which
they were received. The Company has no future obligation with regard to these
payments and they are not refundable to the lessee.
Under US GAAP, the amounts received as "up-front" payments must be amortized to
income over the terms of the leases, which average three years.
Recognition of income on
construction contracts-
Until 1996, the Company's real estate subsidiary recognized income on
construction contracts as it was received in cash, rather than on the
percentage-of-completion method. For US GAAP the income may only be recognized
as the work on the contract progresses.
Goodwill of Tremec and Polifos-
During 1994 and 1995, the Company purchased the shares of two new subsidiaries
at a cost below book value. The negative goodwill recorded on the purchases was
amortized to income during 1995 and 1996. Under US GAAP purchase accounting,
after considering the deferred tax liability not recorded under Mexican GAAP for
the subsidiary, positive goodwill resulted. This goodwill is being amortized to
expense over three years for US GAAP purposes.
Investment in financial group-
During 1994, the Company wrote off the goodwill related to its investment in a
financial group in order to be consistent with the investee's accounting. For US
GAAP purposes, in 1994 the Company's management believed that over the
long-term, the full amount of the investment would be realized. During 1995, the
Company ceased using the equity method and recorded its investment at the lower
of cost or market for US GAAP purposes and in 1996 for Mexican GAAP purposes.
Goodwill of Canada de Santa Fe-
During 1998, Dine acquired 10% of the shares of Canada de Santa Fe, S.A. de C.V.
As a result of this acquisition, a goodwill of Ps.64,885 was generated, which
will be amortized proportionally to the sales of the "Bosques de Santa Fe"
project. Under US GAAP purchase accounting a goodwill of Ps.67,349 resulted,
which will be amortized over the same term.
Negative goodwill-
In September 1997, Agrobios acquired 94.3% of the shares of Corfuerte, S.A. de
C.V. ("Corfuerte"), a company engaged in the manufacturing and distribution of
processed food. The book value (substantially equivalent to the fair value of
the net assets acquired as a result of inflation accounting) exceeded the cost
of the shares by Ps.7,579, which will be credited to results over five years
under the straight-line method. Under US GAAP purchase accounting, after
considering the deferred tax asset not recorded under Mexican GAAP for the
subsidiary, the excess of the book value over the cost of the shares was
Ps.287,262, which was offset against the fair value of the fixed assets acquired
and will be recognized in income as a reduction of the related depreciation.
Capitalized financing costs-
The Company capitalizes the integral cost of financing related to construction
in progress, including the exchange losses and gain on monetary position. Under
US GAAP, only interest expense may be capitalized on US dollar- denominated
debt, and only interest expense, net of the related gain from monetary position,
may be capitalized on Mexican peso-denominated debt.
F-23
<PAGE> 99
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
Capitalized preoperating expenses-
Under Mexican GAAP, Agrobios capitalized preoperating expenses related to the
shrimp business by Ps.64,737 in 1998. Such expenses will be amortized over the
term in which this business is fully operational. Under US GAAP, such expenses
are charged to income following the provisions of Statement of Position 98-5
issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, which will
become effective in 1999 but it recommends anticipated adoption in 1998.
Adjustment to the sale of shares
In September 1998, Agrobios sold 18.69% of its participation in Corfuerte and
ASC to JP Morgan Capital Corporation. The net income obtained under Mexican GAAP
in this transaction amounted to Ps.97,347. Under US GAAP, after considering the
deferred tax effects not recorded under Mexican GAAP, the net income obtained in
this transaction amounted to Ps. 46,152.
Extraordinary items-
The extraordinary items shown in Note 13 do not meet the requirements
established by US GAAP to be considered as such under US GAAP standards.
Consequently, all of them would be reclassified to operating expenses, in order
to present them in accordance with US GAAP rules.
In view of the simple capital structure of the Company, Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 128 ("SFAS No. 128"), "Earnings per Share", does not
have any impact on the calculation of approximate net majority income per share
under US GAAP.
Beginning in 1998, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130 ("SFAS
No. 130"), "Reporting Comprehensive Income", which requires the presentation of
comprehensive income under US GAAP, went into effect. Note 17 d) presents a
reconciliation of net majority income under US GAAP to comprehensive income
under US GAAP, in which the main reconciling item is the effect of restatement
(result of holding non-monetary assets), therefore the accumulated other
comprehensive income will be the amounts included in the cumulative effect of
restatement in the Financial Statements.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.131 ("SFAS No. 131"),
"Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information" requires
to report the basis of reporting financial information for internally evaluating
segment performance. Since the Company uses Mexican GAAP for internal reporting,
no additional disclosures are required to comply with this new US accounting
bulletin.
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities". SFAS No. 133 is presently scheduled to go
into effect in the year 2000, although the FASB recently voted to defer its
effective date until 2001. This new standard will require recognition of all
derivatives on the balance sheet as either assets or liabilities and the
measurement of such instruments at their fair value. Changes in the fair value
of the derivatives will be recognized currently in earnings, unless specific
hedge accounting criteria are met. Gains and losses on derivative hedging
instruments must be recorded in either other comprehensive income or current
earnings, depending on the nature of the instrument. It should also be noted
that International Accounting Standard ("IAS") No. 39, "Financial Instruments:
Recognition and Measurement" was issued in December 1998 and will become an
integral part of Mexican GAAP when it becomes effective in 2001. IAS No. 39
requires accounting that is substantially consistent with SFAS No. 133. The
Company plans to adopt these new standards when they become mandatory. Although
the Company does not presently have any significant derivative instruments or
engage in any significant hedging activities, there can be no assurance that the
Company will not do so in the future. As a result, the impact that the adoption
of SFAS No. 133 and IAS No. 39 may have on the Company's financial statements is
not known at this time.
In February 1998, Statement of Position ("SOP") 98-1, "Accounting for the Costs
of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use", was issued by the
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ("AICPA") and is effective in
1999. The adoption of SOP 98-1 is not expected to have a significant impact on
the Company's financial statements.
F-24
<PAGE> 100
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
In April 1998, SOP 98-5, "Reporting on the Costs of Start-up Activities", was
issued by the AICPA and is effective in 1999. The adoption of SOP 98-5 is not
expected to have a significant impact on the Company's financial statements.
Convenience statements-
U.S. dollar amounts shown in the financial statements have been included solely
for the convenience of the reader and are translated from Mexican pesos, as a
matter of arithmetic computation only, at the rate quoted by Banco de Mexico
for December 31, 1998 of Ps. 9.9395 per U.S. dollar. Such translation should
not be construed as a representation that the Mexican peso amounts have been,
could have been, or could in the future be, converted into U.S. dollars at this
or any other exchange rate.
F-25
<PAGE> 101
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
17. RECONCILIATION OF MEXICAN GAAP TO US GAAP:
a) Reconciliation of net majority income-
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
NET INCOME:
Net income applicable to majority interest under
Mexican GAAP Ps. 2,606,523 Ps. 2,147,175
Approximate US GAAP adjustments:
Deferred income taxes (880,583) (991,003)
Deferred employee profit sharing (103,868) (257,442)
Capitalized exchange loss net of gain on monetary
position 27,862 4,805
Write-off of InverMexico shares to market value 290,203 -
Goodwill of Tremec 76,142 (1,090)
Goodwill of Polifos (8,311) (2,537)
Goodwill of Canada de Santa Fe - -
Full absorption costing 123,321 (89,233)
Payments for rights to enter into lease agreements 6,871 385
Recognition of income on construction
contracts using percentage of completion method 33,167 -
Write-down of fixed assets 39,127 30,351
Additional depreciation on foreign origin fixed
assets restated using NCPI method - (52,957)
Restatement of cost of land sold using NCPI method - (7,183)
Adjustment for the sale of shares of Corfuerte - -
Reduction in depreciation expense of Corfuerte - 30,447
Withdrawal of pension fund assets and
amortization of gains under SFAS No. 87 7,821 6,072
Capitalization of preoperating expenses - -
Benefit of tax consolidation 120,413 (172,606)
Effects of inflation accounting on US GAAP
adjustments 782,645 426,908
Effects on minority interest of US GAAP
adjustments (423,947) 143,377
------------------ -------------------
90,863 (931,706)
------------------ -------------------
Approximate net income under US GAAP Ps. 2,697,386 Ps. 1,215,469
================== ===================
Weighted average common shares outstanding
(000's) 1,443,300 1,515,185
================== ===================
Approximate net income per share under
US GAAP Ps. 1.87 Ps. 0.80
================== ===================
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
NET INCOME:
Net income applicable to majority interest under
Mexican GAAP Ps. 924,817 $ 93,045
Approximate US GAAP adjustments:
Deferred income taxes (681,452) (68,560)
Deferred employee profit sharing (41,236) (4,149)
Capitalized exchange loss net of gain on monetary
position (49,324) (4,962)
Write-off of InverMexico shares to market value - -
Goodwill of Tremec - -
Goodwill of Polifos - -
Goodwill of Canada de Santa Fe (2,464) (248)
Full absorption costing 20,069 2,019
Payments for rights to enter into lease agreements (1,821) (183)
Recognition of income on construction
contracts using percentage of completion method - -
Write-down of fixed assets 40 4
Additional depreciation on foreign origin fixed
assets restated using NCPI method (19,963) (2,008)
Restatement of cost of land sold using NCPI method (34,133) (3,434)
Adjustment for the sale of shares of Corfuerte (51,195) (5,151)
Reduction in depreciation expense of Corfuerte (3,178) (320)
Withdrawal of pension fund assets and
amortization of gains under SFAS No. 87 6,867 691
Capitalization of preoperating expenses (7,590) (764)
Benefit of tax consolidation 137,528 13,836
Effects of inflation accounting on US GAAP
adjustments 665,880 66,993
Effects on minority interest of US GAAP
adjustments 234,817 23,626
------------------- -------------------
172,845 17,390
------------------- -------------------
Approximate net income under US GAAP Ps. 1,097,662 $ 110,434
=================== ===================
Weighted average common shares outstanding
(000's) 1,506,981 1,506,981
=================== ===================
Approximate net income per share under
US GAAP Ps. 0.73 $ 0.07
================== ==================
</TABLE>
F-26
<PAGE> 102
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
b) Reconciliation of stockholders' equity-
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
MAJORITY STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Stockholders' equity under Mexican GAAP Ps. 10,693,619 Ps. 10,447,300 $1,051,089
Approximate US GAAP adjustments:
Deferred income taxes (3,042,704) (3,193,850) (321,329)
Deferred employee profit sharing (841,857) (747,806) (75,236)
Capitalized exchange loss and gain on
monetary position (306,655) (355,976) (35,814)
Goodwill of POLIFOS (19,089) (19,089) (1,921)
Goodwill of Canada de Santa Fe - (2,464) (248)
Full absorption costing 99,101 119,170 11,990
Payments for rights to enter into lease agreements (5,860) (6,621) (666)
Write-down of fixed assets (3,795) (3,755) (378)
Adjustment for changes to the NCPI method in
the restatement of land held for sale and
foreign origin machinery 1,463,262 1,172,221 117,936
Additional depreciation on foreign origin fixed
assets restated using NCPI method (52,957) (72,920) (7,336)
Restatement of cost of land sold using NCPI
method (7,183) (41,316) (4,157)
Adjustment for the sale of shares of Corfuerte - (51,195) (5,151)
Reduction in depreciation expense of
Corfuerte 28,734 25,556 2,571
Capitalization of preoperating expenses (64,737) (72,327) (7,227)
Withdrawal of pension fund assets and
amortization of gains under SFAS No.87 (67,561) (50,627) (5,094)
Benefit of tax consolidation 1,006 127,695 12,847
Effects on minority interest of US GAAP
adjustments 714,918 949,736 95,552
-------------- -------------- ----------
(2,105,370) (2,223,568) (223,710)
-------------- -------------- ----------
Approximate stockholders' equity under US GAAP Ps. 8,588,249 Ps. 8,223,732 827,379
============== ============== ==========
</TABLE>
c) Reconciliation of the changes in stockholders' equity under US GAAP-
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Approximate stockholders' equity at beginning of
year Ps. 7,729,058 Ps. 8,588,249
Approximate net income under US GAAP 1,215,469 1,097,662
Effect of restatement (1,451,025) (130,107)
Adjustment for changes to the NCPI method in the
restatement of land held for sale and foreign
origin machinery 1,403,122 (291,041)
Dividends paid (213,060) (778,881)
Repurchase of shares (95,315) (262,148)
--------------------- ---------------------
Approximate stockholders' equity at end of year Ps. 8,588,249 Ps. 8,223,732
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
F-27
<PAGE> 103
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
d) Comprehensive income (loss) under US GAAP-
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Approximate net income under US GAAP Ps. 2,697,385 Ps. 1,215,469 Ps. 1,097,662
Other comprehensive income:
effect of restatement (2,882,990) (47,903) (421,148)
--------------------- --------------------- -------------------
Comprehensive income
(loss) under US GAAP Ps. (185,605) Ps. 1,167,566 Ps. 676,514
===================== ===================== ===================
</TABLE>
18. PENSION PLAN COSTS:
Under Mexican Labor Law, companies are liable for severance payments to
employees terminated under certain circumstances. Additionally, there is a
liability under the union contracts for voluntary retirements by plant employees
with five or more years of service.
The Company provides retirement pensions, seniority premiums, incidental related
death benefits and defined benefit pension plans that cover substantially all
employees of the Company. Seniority premiums, which are mandated by Mexican
Labor Law, are paid to employees who leave the Company after 15 years of service
and are based on the number of years of service. For union employees, additional
seniority premiums and pension benefits are required by the union contracts. The
benefits are revised periodically for all covered employees mainly in
conjunction with union negotiations.
The largest subsidiaries compute pension and seniority premiums expense
(prepaid) based on actuarial calculations based on the projected unit credit
method using actuarial assumptions similar to US GAAP. No liability for
accumulated benefit obligations has been recorded because plan assets are in
excess of such liability.
The subsidiaries have established irrevocable trust funds to cover the accrued
employee benefits. The contributions made in 1996, 1997 and 1998, based on
actuarial computations, were Ps. 19,509, Ps. 25,154 and Ps. 21,927. The Company
follows the funding recommendations of its actuaries. At December 31, 1998, the
balances of these funds amount to Ps.706,387. The assets of the trusts consist
of stock traded in the Mexican Stock Market (29%), the majority of which is
represented by the Company's common shares, and certain fixed-rate investments
(71%).
The number and series of common shares of the Company held by the trusts at
December 31, 1998 was as follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Series A 40,754,915
Series B 7,685,745
------------
48,440,660
============
</TABLE>
The market value of the shares of the Company held at that date was Ps.490,656.
During 1998, the trusts purchased 16,551,220 shares and sold 13,131,600 shares
of the Company's stock.
The US GAAP disclosures under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
132 ("SFAS No. 132"), "Employers Disclosures about Pensions and other
Postretirement Benefits" are as follows:
The real rates used in determining the actuarial present value of accumulated
plan benefits for the Company's pension plans are the same for both US and
Mexican GAAP.
F-28
<PAGE> 104
DESC, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997 AND 1998
Until December 31, 1996, under Mexican GAAP employee severance liabilities were
considered a monetary liability and, accordingly, were included as part of the
gain on monetary position. However, under US GAAP such liabilities are
considered to be nonmonetary and, accordingly, should not be included in the
calculation of the gain on monetary position. The elimination of the gain on
monetary position of this item has been included in the reconciliation to US
GAAP. As indicated in Note 2, beginning in January 1997, there is no difference
between US GAAP and Mexican GAAP since such item is now considered nonmonetary
for Mexican GAAP as well.
The Company has prepared a study of pension costs under US GAAP based on
actuarial calculations, using the same assumptions used under Mexican GAAP (See
Note 2).
The net pension cost (benefit) and the funded status of the pension plan under
SFAS No. 132 are as follows;
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net pension cost:
Service cost Ps. 23,257 Ps. 32,966 Ps. 40,246
Interest cost 24,725 22,986 28,698
Actual return on plan assets (42,171) (46,863) (57,944)
Net amortization and deferral (5,307) (6,503) (19,487)
---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------
Net pension cost recorded (US and Mexican
GAAP) Ps. 504 Ps. 2,586 Ps. (8,487)
===================== ===================== =====================
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Pension liability:
Projected benefit obligation Ps. 507,943 Ps. 641,526
Plan assets at fair value 986,098 706,387
--------------------- ---------------------
Unfunded projected benefit obligation (478,155) (64,861)
Unrecognized net transition obligation 49,347 (36,135)
Unrecognized net gain 364,399 33,872
--------------------- ---------------------
Prepaid pension cost under US and Mexican GAAP Ps. (64,409) Ps. (67,124)
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
The changes of the projected benefit obligation for the pension liability and
the related plan assets at fair value are shown below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year Ps. 457,435 Ps. 507,943
Service cost 32,966 40,246
Interest cost 22,986 28,698
Actuarial gain (loss) (5,190) 64,639
---------------------- ---------------------
Projected benefit obligation at end of year Ps. 507,943 Ps. 641,526
===================== =====================
Change in plan assets at fair value:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year Ps. 648,904 Ps. 986,098
Actual return on plan assets 312,040 (301,638)
Plan participant contributions 25,154 6,595
---------------------- -----------------------
Fair value of plan assets at end of year Ps. 986,098 Ps. 706,387
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
Under Mexican GAAP and US GAAP there is no difference in the liabilities for
seniority premiums.
F-29
<PAGE> 105
DESC. S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997, AND 1998
19. SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA
BY BUSINESS SEGMENT:
The presentation below sets forth certain financial information regarding the
Desc industry segments: automotive parts, petrochemicals, diversified products,
food and real estate. Intersegment transactions have been eliminated.
Total assets by industry are those assets that are used in the operations in
each industry segment. Corporate assets are principally cash and long-term
investments.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales-
Autoparts (Unik) Ps. 6,047,256 Ps. 7,839,560 Ps. 8,887,430
Petrochemicals (Girsa) 4,476,068 3,692,771 3,418,124
Diversified products (Girsa) 3,425,469 3,428,373 3,491,644
Food (Agrobios) 2,237,335 3,739,916 4,839,830
Real estate (Dine) 263,263 441,601 731,621
Corporate (Desc) - 20,424 20,209
----------------- ----------------- ------------------
Ps. 16,449,391 Ps. 19,162,645 Ps. 21,388,858
================= ================= ==================
Operating income (loss)-
Autoparts (Unik) Ps. 1,010,698 Ps. 1,177,210 Ps. 1,354,049
Petrochemicals (Girsa) 957,544 707,411 608,226
Diversified products (Girsa) 440,467 441,606 455,757
Food (Agrobios) 204,287 488,169 435,875
Real estate (Dine) 62,405 112,903 261,743
Corporate (Desc) (25,718) (30,290) (30,458)
----------------- ----------------- ------------------
Ps. 2,649,683 Ps. 2,897,009 Ps. 3,085,192
================= ================= ==================
Depreciation and amortization-
Autoparts (Unik) Ps. 325,492 Ps. 370,582 Ps. 493,506
Petrochemicals (Girsa) 315,433 162,121 171,889
Diversified products (Girsa) 25,119 88,615 93,120
Food (Agrobios) 125,314 136,174 180,331
Real estate (Dine) 17,418 16,840 23,844
Corporate (Desc) 2,351 22,858 25,322
----------------- ----------------- ------------------
Ps. 811,127 Ps. 797,190 Ps. 988,012
================= ================= ==================
Equity in associated companies-
Autoparts (Unik) Ps. - Ps. - Ps. -
Petrochemicals (Girsa) - - -
Diversified products (Girsa) - - -
Food (Agrobios) - - -
Real estate (Dine) - (2,654) 1,857
Corporate (Desc) 42,875 (46,842) (110,027)
----------------- ----------------- ------------------
Ps. 42,875 Ps. (49,497) Ps. (108,170)
================= ================= ==================
</TABLE>
F-30
<PAGE> 106
DESC. S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997, AND 1998
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Interest expense-
Autoparts (Unik) Ps. (177,650) Ps. (159,807) Ps. (187,623)
Petrochemicals (Girsa) (175,052) 202,365 (140,836)
Diversified products (Girsa) (82,377) (95,232) (66,276)
Food (Agrobios) (124,653) (83,679) (181,283)
Real estate (Dine) (96,377) (106,778) (176,123)
Corporate (Desc) (205,307) (115,075) (55,623)
---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------
Ps. (861,416) Ps. (762,936) Ps. (807,764)
====================== ====================== ======================
Interest income-
Autoparts (Unik) Ps. 92,195 Ps. 55,540 Ps. 63,441
Petrochemicals (Girsa) 76,107 57,788 45,086
Diversified products (Girsa) 35,814 27,195 21,216
Food (Agrobios) 17,689 35,431 49,524
Real estate (Dine) 5,310 6,172 26,152
Corporate (Desc) 156,069 193,711 100,663
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 383,184 Ps. 375,837 Ps. 306,082
===================== ===================== =====================
Provision for income taxes-
Autoparts (Unik) Ps. 88,500 Ps. 127,723 Ps. 175,752
Petrochemicals (Girsa) 118,299 89,384 52,824
Diversified products (Girsa) 48,423 82,300 88,000
Food (Agrobios) 1,020 23,920 45,536
Real estate (Dine) 2,344 (15,280) 1,907
Corporate (Desc) - 1,254 3,039
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 258,586 Ps. 309,301 Ps. 367,058
===================== ===================== =====================
Capital expenditures-
Autoparts (Unik) Ps. 892,775 Ps. 837,639 Ps. 829,816
Petrochemicals (Girsa) 583,875 58,411 221,882
Diversified products (Girsa) 24,512 273,778 185,408
Food (Agrobios) 357,678 1,039,409 1,967,332
Real estate (Dine) 291,231 356,685 800,671
Corporate (Desc) 14,719 43,371 73,064
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 2,164,790 Ps. 2,609,293 Ps. 4,078,173
===================== ===================== =====================
Total assets-
Autoparts (Unik) Ps. 8,537,940 Ps. 9,267,942
Petrochemicals (Girsa) 3,816,146 4,422,388
Diversified products (Girsa) 2,369,820 2,410,140
Food (Agrobios) 3,620,494 5,842,567
Real estate (Dine) 4,444,141 5,376,733
Corporate (Desc) 1,297,701 206,567
--------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 24,086,242 Ps. 27,526,337
===================== =====================
</TABLE>
F-31
<PAGE> 107
DESC. S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1997, AND 1998
20. CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF DINE, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
The condensed consolidated balance sheet and income (loss) statements of Dine,
S.A. de C.V. and its subsidiaries as of and for the periods reported in the
accompanying financial statements are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets...................................................... Ps. 512,331 Ps. 713,575
Land held for development and real estate projects.................. 2,647,695 3,415,613
Investment in shares................................................ 275,861 57,870
Property and equipment, net......................................... 964,950 1,149,037
Other assets........................................................ 42,961 40,638
--------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 4,443,798 Ps. 5,376,733
===================== =====================
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities................................................. Ps. 816,228 Ps. 543,322
Long-term debt...................................................... 1,467,998 1,610,199
Reserve for separation payments..................................... 411 377
Majority stockholders' equity....................................... 1,901,585 2,576,018
Minority interest................................................... 257,576 646,817
--------------------- ---------------------
Ps. 4,443,798 Ps. 5,376,733
===================== =====================
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues................................................ Ps. 263,239 Ps. 441,567 Ps. 731,621
Costs................................................... 125,581 255,443 373,163
Gross profit............................................ 137,658 186,124 358,458
Operating expenses...................................... 75,258 73,229 96,715
Comprehensive result of financing....................... (122,016) 25,598 260,136
Other income, net....................................... (8,938) (3,346) (28,328)
Provisions for income and assets taxes.................. 5,308 12,840 33,342
Equity in associated companies.......................... (4,666) (2,656) 1,857
------------- ------------- -------------
Net consolidated income (loss) for the year............. Ps. 183,380 Ps. 75,147 Ps. (1,550)
============= ============= =============
</TABLE>
Desc, S.A. de C.V. has not presented separate financial statements and other
disclosures regarding Dine, S.A. de C.V. because the management of Desc has
determined that such information is not material to holders of Dine's 8 3/4%
Guaranteed Notes due 2007.
F-32
<PAGE> 108
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Agrobios S.A. de C.V.
and Subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Agrobios, S.A.
de C.V. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the related
consolidated statements of income, shareholders' equity and changes in
financial position for each of the three years in the period ended December 31,
1998. These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico, and are the responsibility
of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards in Mexico, which are substantially the same as those followed in the
United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As is mentioned in Note 1, the Company and its subsidiaries followed the rules
established by the Fifth Document amendment to Bulletin B-10, in force since
January 1, 1997.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of
Agrobios, S.A. de C.V. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the
consolidated results of their operations, changes in their shareholders' equity
and changes in their financial position for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 1998, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in Mexico, which differ in certain respects from those
followed in the United States (see note 17).
Mancera, S.C.
Ernst & Young International
Mexico City
February 22, 1999
F-33
<PAGE> 109
To the Stockholders' Meeting of
GIRSA, S.A. de C.V.:
We have examined the consolidated balance sheets of Girsa, S.A. de C.V. and
Subsidiaries as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the related consolidated
statements of income, changes in stockholders' equity and changes in financial
position for each of the three years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996.
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's
Management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated
financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted.
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of
material misstatements and are prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.
An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by Management, as well as evaluating the overall consolidated
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
Accounting practices used by the Companies in preparing the accompanying
financial statements conform with generally accepted accounting principles in
Mexico, but do not conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States. A description of these differences and a partial reconciliation
as permitted by Form 20-F of the Securities and Exchange Commission of
consolidated net income and shareholders' equity to U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles is set forth in notes 20, 21 and 22.
In our opinion, the aforementioned consolidated financial statements present
fairly in all material aspects, the consolidated financial position of GIRSA,
S.A. de C.V. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the
consolidated results of their operations, the changes in their stockholders'
equity and the changes in their financial position for each of the three years
ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in Mexico.
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Mexico City
February 23, 1999
F-34
