<PAGE> 1
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON NOVEMBER 13, 1997
REGISTRATION NO. 333-
================================================================================
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
------------------
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
------------------
SEEC, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN CHARTER)
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
PENNSYLVANIA 7372 55-0686906
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (PRIMARY STANDARD INDUSTRIAL (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) CLASSIFICATION CODE NUMBER) IDENTIFICATION NO.)
</TABLE>
5001 BAUM BOULEVARD
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15213
(412) 682-4991
(ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE, OF
REGISTRANT'S PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
------------------
RAVINDRA KOKA
PRESIDENT
SEEC, INC.
5001 BAUM BOULEVARD
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15213
(412) 682-4991
(NAME, ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE,
OF AGENT FOR SERVICE)
------------------
Copies to:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
DANIEL L. WESSELS, ESQ. ALEXANDER D. LYNCH, ESQ.
COHEN & GRIGSBY, P.C. BROBECK, PHLEGER & HARRISON LLP
2900 CNG TOWER 1633 BROADWAY, 47TH FLOOR
625 LIBERTY AVENUE NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10019
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15222 (212) 581-1600
(412) 394-4900
</TABLE>
------------------
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO PUBLIC: As soon as
practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, check the following box. [ ]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ] _______________
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [ ] _______________
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [ ]
------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
=====================================================================================================
AMOUNT PROPOSED MAXIMUM PROPOSED MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF
TITLE OF EACH CLASS OF TO BE OFFERING PRICE AGGREGATE REGISTRATION
SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED REGISTERED(1) PER SHARE(2) OFFERING PRICE(2) FEE
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common Stock, par value
$.01 per share.................. 1,506,500 shares $22.00 $33,143,000 $10,043.33
=====================================================================================================
</TABLE>
(1) Includes shares which the Underwriters have the option to purchase to cover
over-allotments, if any.
(2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee, in
accordance with Rule 457(c) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, based
upon the average of the high and low prices of the Common Stock as reported
on the Nasdaq National Market on November 11, 1997.
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL
FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION
STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(A) OF
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME
EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(A),
MAY DETERMINE.
================================================================================
<PAGE> 2
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR
MAY OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR
THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE
SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE
UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS
OF ANY SUCH STATE.
Subject to Completion, Dated , 1997
PROSPECTUS
1,310,000 SHARES
SEEC INC. [LOGO]
COMMON STOCK
---------------------------
Of the 1,310,000 shares of Common Stock offered hereby, 1,030,000
shares are being sold by SEEC, Inc. (the "Company" or "SEEC") and 280,000 shares
are being sold by the Selling Shareholders (the "Selling Shareholders"). The
Company will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by the
Selling Shareholders. The Company's Common Stock is quoted on the Nasdaq
National Market under the symbol "SEEC." On November 11, 1997, the last reported
sale price for the Company's Common Stock was $21.88 per share. See "Price Range
of Common Stock."
THE COMMON STOCK OFFERED HEREBY INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE
"RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING ON PAGE 7.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR
HAS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE
SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR
ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION
TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
==================================================================================================================
Price to Underwriting Discounts Proceeds to
Public and Commissions(1) Company(2) Proceeds to
Selling
Shareholders
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Per Share............... $ $ $ $
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total(3)................ $ $ $ $
==================================================================================================================
</TABLE>
1. For information regarding indemnification of the Underwriters, see
"Underwriting."
2. Before deducting expenses of the offering payable by the Company, estimated
at $250,000.
3. The Company and certain of the Selling Shareholders have granted the
Underwriters an option, exercisable within 30 days from the date hereof, to
purchase up to a total of 196,500 additional shares of Common Stock, on the
same terms as set forth above, solely to cover over-allotments, if any. If
such option is exercised in full, total Price to Public will be $ , the
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions will be $ , Proceeds to Company
will be $ , and Proceeds to Selling Shareholders will be
$ . See "Underwriting."
------------------------
The shares of Common Stock offered by the Underwriters are subject to prior
sale, receipt and acceptance by them and are subject to the right of the
Underwriters to reject any order in whole or in part and certain other
conditions. It is expected that delivery of such shares will be made through the
offices of UBS Securities LLC, 299 Park Avenue, New York, New York, on or about
November , 1997.
------------------------
UBS SECURITIES
H.C. WAINWRIGHT & CO., INC.
CRUTTENDEN ROTH
INCORPORATED
, 1997
<PAGE> 3
SEEC develops, markets and provides integrated and comprehensive enterprise
solutions that enable large organizations and third party service providers to
efficiently and effectively maintain and redevelop legacy system applications
and databases. SEEC's enterprise solutions utilize a suite of software products
and well-defined, repeatable methodologies that are designed to automate various
functions and improve the quality, productivity and effectiveness of the
maintenance and redevelopment process.
[GRAPH]
IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING, CERTAIN UNDERWRITERS (AND SELLING GROUP
MEMBERS) MAY ENGAGE IN PASSIVE MARKET MAKING TRANSACTIONS IN THE COMMON STOCK ON
THE NASDAQ NATIONAL MARKET IN ACCORDANCE WITH RULE 103 OF REGULATION M UNDER THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. SEE "UNDERWRITING."
CERTAIN PERSONS PARTICIPATING IN THIS OFFERING MAY ENGAGE IN TRANSACTIONS
THAT STABILIZE, MAINTAIN OR OTHERWISE AFFECT THE PRICE OF THE COMMON STOCK.
SPECIFICALLY, THE UNDERWRITERS MAY OVERALLOT IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING,
AND MAY BID FOR, AND PURCHASE, SHARES OF THE COMMON STOCK IN THE OPEN MARKET.
FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THESE ACTIVITIES, SEE "UNDERWRITING."
2
<PAGE> 4
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed
information and Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in
this Prospectus or incorporated herein by reference. This Prospectus contains
forward-looking statements which involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's
actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the
forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such difference include,
but are not limited to, those discussed under "Risk Factors," "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and
"Business" as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Prospectus.
THE COMPANY
SEEC develops, markets and provides integrated and comprehensive enterprise
solutions that enable large organizations and third party service providers to
efficiently and effectively maintain and redevelop legacy system applications
and databases. SEEC's enterprise solutions utilize a suite of software products
and well-defined, repeatable methodologies that are designed to automate various
functions and improve the quality, productivity and effectiveness of the
maintenance and redevelopment process. SEEC's enterprise solutions address the
year 2000 problem and are being developed and enhanced to address client/server
migration. SEEC introduced its core source code analysis technology and the
first PC-based maintenance and redevelopment software product in 1992.
Most large organizations utilize complex, proprietary mainframe computer
systems for their information requirements. These legacy systems contain the
core business rules, processes and data that support the mission critical
operations of these organizations. Industry sources estimate that there are more
than 45,000 mainframe sites and 150 billion lines of COBOL code in use
worldwide. Legacy systems often are composed of a variety of hardware platforms,
software applications and databases, many of which utilize different computer
languages. As a result, legacy systems are often highly complex, have little or
no system-wide documentation, and are difficult and expensive to maintain.
Traditional maintenance and redevelopment of these legacy systems is often
manual, time consuming and error-prone. According to the Gartner Group, between
60% and 80% of the average annual IT application development budget is spent on
the maintenance and redevelopment of legacy applications.
Organizations that rely on legacy systems must continually maintain and
redevelop their systems, applications and databases to meet constantly changing
information requirements and to incorporate technological advances. The majority
of legacy system maintenance and redevelopment involves a large number of
incremental or smaller scale repairs or enhancements to existing systems.
Certain maintenance and redevelopment needs, however, are large-scale in nature
and can impact millions of line of code. The year 2000 problem is currently the
most critical large-scale legacy system maintenance project for many
organizations. Given the size, scope and technical complexity of the year 2000
problem, many organizations have concluded that they will be unable to address
year 2000 conversion requirements in a timely manner utilizing existing internal
resources and traditional maintenance and redevelopment methodologies. Many
organizations may also find it difficult to outsource year 2000 conversion
projects, since many third party service providers are facing similar resource
constraints. These organizations are seeking solutions that can be used
internally or by third party service providers to increase efficiencies and
reduce the expense of a year 2000 conversion project. One industry source
estimates that the overall cost of solving the year 2000 problem worldwide will
be in the range of $300 to $600 billion. Another industry source estimates that
over $11 billion will be spent in the United States on software products to
address the year 2000 problem.
SEEC's enterprise solutions, including the Smart Change Factory solution
for the year 2000 problem, are designed to provide customers with an integrated
and comprehensive enterprise solution to a specific maintenance and
redevelopment need. For example, SEEC's Smart Change Factory combines the
Company's software products, third party software products, well-defined
methodologies and related services to address all phases of a year 2000
conversion project. In addition, SEEC's software products utilized in the Smart
Change Factory support a broad range of hardware platforms, software languages
and databases. SEEC's solutions are designed to be cost effective for customers
by automating various functions, accurately analyzing and
3
<PAGE> 5
identifying impacted source code, reducing manual maintenance and redevelopment
efforts, and providing PC-based products that are easy to use and learn. SEEC's
enterprise solutions are also designed to provide customers with the flexibility
to perform maintenance and redevelopment functions in-house or outsource all or
a portion of their needs to third party service providers. Since the Company's
solutions are PC-based and easy to implement, use and learn, customers can
easily expand the number of software licenses, personnel and hardware required
to address maintenance and redevelopment needs. Currently, substantially all of
the Company's revenues are derived from its year 2000 solution and software
products. SEEC's solutions also support future maintenance and redevelopment
needs by providing system documentation and understanding, and the ability to
easily review, audit and verify any changes to source code.
SEEC's objective is to become a leading provider of enterprise solutions
for the maintenance and redevelopment of legacy systems. The Company intends to
enhance and expand its offering of enterprise solutions, including enhancements
to the Smart Change Factory for the year 2000 problem, further develop
client/server migration solutions, and develop solutions to address the planned
introduction of the European Monetary Unit. SEEC plans to leverage the year 2000
opportunity to increase sales to existing customers, attract new customers with
the Smart Change Factory and provide additional enterprise solutions to an
expanded customer base. The Company also intends to continue to offer enterprise
solutions that appeal to a broad customer base by providing solutions that are
cost effective, flexible and scalable to address a variety of maintenance and
redevelopment needs.
SEEC markets and provides its enterprise solutions to a broad range of
Fortune 1000 or similarly-sized companies, governmental organizations and third
party service providers through its direct sales force, third party service
provider distribution partners and a distributor both domestically and
internationally. Representative customers for the Company's year 2000 solutions
include Aluminum Company of America, Banc One Services Corporation, Mack Trucks,
Inc. and Rockwell International Corporation. Third party service providers that
have licensed SEEC's year 2000 solutions include Complete Business Solutions,
Inc., IBM Global Services, Tata Infotech Limited, and Unisys Corporation.
The Company was incorporated under the name Software Engineering and
Enhancement Center, Inc., as a West Virginia corporation, in 1988. In 1989, the
Company changed its name to SEEC, Inc. and in 1992 reincorporated in
Pennsylvania. When used in this Prospectus, unless the context requires
otherwise, the terms "Company" and "SEEC" refer to SEEC, Inc. and its
predecessor. The Company's executive offices are located at 5001 Baum Boulevard,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 and its telephone number is (412) 682-4991.
4
<PAGE> 6
THE OFFERING
Common Stock Offered by the
Company............................ 1,030,000 shares
Common Stock Offered by the Selling
Shareholders..................... 280,000 shares
Common Stock Outstanding after this
Offering........................... 6,033,096 shares(1)
Use of Proceeds.................... To expand sales and marketing, establish
additional facilities, hire new
personnel, increase research and
development, increase capital
expenditures and for general working
capital and other corporate purposes.
Nasdaq National Market Symbol...... SEEC
- ---------
(1) Based upon shares outstanding as of September 30, 1997. Excludes 276,122
shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options
at a weighted average exercise price of $8.62 per share and 249,998 shares
of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted
average exercise price of $7.21 per share. An additional 650,841 shares of
Common Stock are reserved for issuance under the Company's stock option
plans. See "Management--Stock Option Plans," "Management--Compensation of
Directors," "Description of Capital Stock--Warrants and Conversion Rights"
and Notes 8 and 11 of Notes to Financial Statements.
5
<PAGE> 7
SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS
ENDED
FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, SEPTEMBER 30,
-------------------------------------------- -----------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1996 1997(1)
----- ----- ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Total revenues................. $ 456 $ 864 $ 785 $1,029 $2,623 $1,089 $4,790
Total operating expenses....... 831 1,037 1,124 1,316 3,104 1,033 4,260
----- ----- ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
Income (loss) from
operations.................. (375) (173) (339) (287) (481) 56 530
Total interest income
(expense), net.............. (41) (49) (57) (55) 85 (24) 346
----- ----- ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
Net income (loss).............. $(416) $(222) $ (396) $ (342) $ (396) $ 32 $ 876
===== ===== ====== ====== ====== ====== =======
Net income (loss) per common
share (2)................... $(.16) $(.08) $ (.15) $ (.13) $ (.13) $ .01 $ .17
===== ===== ====== ====== ====== ====== =======
Weighted average number of
common and common equivalent
shares outstanding (2)...... 2,529 2,623 2,624 2,630 3,036 2,912 5,305
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30,
1997(1)
-----------------------
AS
ACTUAL ADJUSTED(3)
------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.................... $11,368 $32,359
Working capital...................................................... 13,063 34,054
Total assets......................................................... 15,716 36,707
Total long-term obligations.......................................... -- --
Total shareholders' equity........................................... 13,332 34,323
</TABLE>
- ---------
(1) See Note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements.
(2) Computed on the basis described in Note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements.
(3) Adjusted to give effect to the sale of 1,030,000 shares of Common Stock
offered by the Company hereby at an assumed public offering price of $21.88
per share, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and
estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. See "Use of Proceeds."
------------------------
Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this Prospectus (i) reflects
the 1-for-2.2094 reverse split of the Company's Common Stock effected January
15, 1997 and (ii) assumes the Underwriters' over-allotment option is not
exercised. References herein to fiscal years are references to the fiscal year
of SEEC ended March 31 of the year specified.
SEEC COBOL Analyst(TM), COBOL Analyst 2000(TM), Smart Change Factory(TM),
COBOL Slicer(TM), Natural Analyst 2000(TM), Smart Change 2000(TM), Object
Designer(TM) and Date Analyzer(TM) are trademarks or service marks of SEEC. This
Prospectus also includes trademarks, trade names and references to intellectual
property owned by other companies.
6
<PAGE> 8
RISK FACTORS
Prospective investors in the shares offered hereby should carefully
consider the risk factors, in addition to the other information contained in
this Prospectus. This Prospectus contains forward-looking statements which
involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ
materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a
result of certain factors, including those set forth in the following risk
factors and elsewhere in this Prospectus.
LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY; HISTORY OF NET OPERATING LOSSES; ACCUMULATED
DEFICIT. The Company was founded in 1988 and commercially introduced its first
product, Cobol Analyst, in 1992. From 1992 to 1996, the Company developed and
introduced its legacy system maintenance and redevelopment software products
including COBOL Analyst 2000. During the first quarter of fiscal 1998, the
Company introduced its Smart Change 2000 product. Accordingly, the Company has a
limited operating history for all of its products and solutions, particularly
its year 2000 solutions, upon which an evaluation of the Company can be based.
The Company's prospects must be evaluated in light of the risks, uncertainties,
expenses and difficulties encountered by companies in new and rapidly evolving
markets. In order to address these risks and uncertainties, the Company must,
among other things, successfully implement its sales and marketing strategy,
expand its direct sales force, develop its indirect sales and marketing
channels, respond to competitive and other developments in the markets in which
the Company operates, attract and retain qualified personnel and continue to
develop and upgrade its technology and products more rapidly than competitors.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully address
such risks and uncertainties on a timely basis, if at all. The Company has
incurred a net loss in each of the last three fiscal years equal to $396,000 in
fiscal 1995, $342,000 in fiscal 1996 and $396,000 in fiscal 1997. At September
30, 1997, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $1.3 million and total
shareholders' equity of $13.3 million. Although the Company had net income for
the first six months of fiscal 1998, there can be no assurance that the Company
will be able to achieve or sustain revenue growth, profitability or positive
cash flow on either a quarterly or annual basis in the future. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and
Financial Statements.
SIGNIFICANT FLUCTUATIONS IN QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS. The Company has
experienced, and expects to continue to experience, significant fluctuations in
its quarterly operating results. There can be no assurance that the Company will
be profitable in any particular quarter. Quarterly operating results may
fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including the budgeting and purchasing
practices of the Company's customers, which affect the volume and timing of
product orders and solution engagements received by the Company, the timing or
the announcement and introduction of new products and product enhancements by
the Company and competitors, market acceptance of new products, the mix of
direct and indirect sales, the mix of license fee and services revenues, the mix
of maintenance, training and consulting services within services revenues, the
number and timing of new hires, the loss of any key, sales, marketing or
professional services personnel, the length of its sales cycles, competitive
conditions in the industry and general economic conditions. The Company has
historically recognized a significant portion of its revenues in the last month
of a quarter, with these revenues frequently concentrated in the last week of a
quarter. As a result, license fee revenue in any quarter is substantially
dependent on orders booked and shipped in the last month and last week of that
quarter. Further, the Company's enterprise solutions business is expected to be
characterized by significant customer concentration and relatively large
projects. The Company operates with little or no backlog and, as a result, the
Company's revenues for a particular quarter are generally dependent on orders
received during that quarter, including large orders. The failure to receive a
large order in a given quarter could materially and adversely affect the
Company's operating results for that quarter. The Company's expenses are based,
in part, upon anticipated revenue levels and planned projects and the Company
may not be able to adjust spending in a timely manner to compensate for any
unexpected shortfall in revenues. Accordingly, the timing of product shipments
or achievement of specified performance milestones on certain customer solution
engagements could cause variations in operating results from period to period
and could result in quarterly losses if shipments are not made or milestones are
not achieved within the quarter anticipated. Due to the foregoing factors, the
Company believes that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of its financial results
are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of
future performance. The Company has limited
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<PAGE> 9
ability to forecast future revenues and it is likely that in some future
quarters the Company's operating results will be below the expectations of
securities analysts and investors. In the event that operating results are below
expectations, or in the event that adverse conditions prevail or are perceived
to prevail generally or with respect to the Company's business, operating
results or financial condition, the price of the Company's Common Stock would
likely be materially and adversely affected. See "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
DEPENDENCE ON YEAR 2000 SOLUTIONS; NEED TO DEVELOP ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS AND
SOLUTIONS. The Company currently generates substantially all of its revenues
from its year 2000 solutions and such solutions are expected to continue to
account for a significant portion of the Company's revenues for the next few
years. Accordingly, the Company's operating results will depend, in large part,
on achieving broader market acceptance for such solutions. A failure to increase
demand for such solutions or an increase in competition in the market for such
solutions, would have a material adverse effect on the Company's operating
results and financial condition. Although the Company believes that the demand
for its year 2000 solutions will continue to exist for some time after the year
2000, this demand will diminish significantly over time and will eventually
disappear. In order to achieve sustained growth, the Company must develop and
successfully market new products and solutions to address additional markets.
The Company's strategy is to leverage the market recognition and business
relationships it achieves through sales of its year 2000 solutions to enhance
its efforts in other markets. There can be no assurance, however, that the
Company will be successful in generating business by selling additional products
or solutions to its year 2000 customers or new customers, or, if it does, that
such products and solutions will achieve market acceptance at a rate sufficient
to maintain growth, or even to offset declines in revenues generated by its year
2000 solutions. In addition, by dedicating significant resources during the next
several years to year 2000 products and solutions, the Company's ability to
continue to develop and deliver other products and solutions could be materially
and adversely affected. The Company's year 2000 solutions incorporate SEEC's
core technology and may be utilized by SEEC's customers for future ongoing and
additional maintenance and redevelopment tasks. There can be no assurance that
such customers will utilize SEEC's core technology for non-year 2000 maintenance
and redevelopment tasks or that significant revenues will result from such
utilization. The failure to diversify and develop additional products and
solutions would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
operating results and financial condition.
UNCERTAINTY OF CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND FOR YEAR 2000 SOLUTIONS. The
Company is currently focusing a significant portion of its efforts on the
marketing and sale of products and enterprise solutions for year 2000
assessment, planning, remediation and testing. Although the Company believes
that the market for products and solutions addressing the year 2000 problem will
grow significantly as the year 2000 approaches, there can be no assurance that
this market will develop to the extent anticipated by the Company. In addition,
organizations affected by the year 2000 problem may not be willing or able to
allocate the financial or other resources required to address the problem in a
timely manner. Many organizations may attempt to resolve the problem internally
rather than purchase products and solutions from the Company or its competitors.
Due to these factors, development of the market for products and solutions
addressing the year 2000 problem is uncertain and unpredictable. If the market
fails to increase, or increases more slowly than anticipated, the Company's
business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and
adversely affected.
The Company's year 2000 solutions provide automated solutions for many year
2000 assessment, planning, remediation and testing tasks and procedures. There
can be no assurance that potential customers will perceive the benefits of such
automation of various year 2000 conversion tasks, and therefore they may
determine to perform manually all aspects of the year 2000 solution process. In
addition, many other organizations may outsource completely such work to outside
service providers that use their own software products or license products from
the Company's competitors. See "Business."
ABILITY TO MANAGE CHANGE AND RAPID GROWTH. The Company has recently
experienced significant changes in its business, such as the development of new
products and solutions, including year 2000 solutions, significant revenue
growth and expansion of operations. These changes have placed, and are expected
to continue to place, significant demands on its management and operations. The
Company's ability to manage its operations will require the Company to improve
its financial and management controls, reporting systems
8
<PAGE> 10
and billing and collection practices and procedures on a timely basis and
effectively expand, train and manage its work force. The Company has recently
expanded its direct sales force and is in the process of training and deploying
the new members of its sales force. The performance of these new sales personnel
has not been established, and it is anticipated that it will be several months
before the Company will be able to accurately evaluate the performance of such
personnel. The failure of such personnel to perform as anticipated and achieve
their sales goals, or any delay in achieving such goals could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial
condition. The Company has also expanded its operations by opening new offices
in new geographic regions. No assurance can be given that such new offices will
be successful in generating additional revenues or that any such revenues will
be sufficient to cover the costs of opening and operating such offices. The
Company's future growth, should it occur, may require the Company to manage a
number of large projects in different geographic locations. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to do so effectively. The Company's
failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
operating results and financial condition. In addition, the development of the
market for products and solutions addressing the year 2000 problem is uncertain,
unpredictable and subject to rapid change. The Company's failure to respond to
such changes and adapt its solutions and strategies accordingly could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and
financial condition. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations" and "Business."
ABILITY TO ADDRESS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES AND CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS; NEW
PRODUCTS AND SOLUTIONS. The Company's future success will depend, in large
part, on its ability to enhance its current products and develop or acquire new
products to keep pace with evolving industry standards, technological
developments and provide additional functionality to address changing customer
needs. This will require, among other things, that the Company build interfaces
with third party products and adapt to changing industry standards. There can be
no assurance that the Company will be successful in developing or acquiring
product enhancements or new products, that it can introduce such products or
enhancements on a timely basis, or that any such products or enhancements will
be successful in the marketplace. The Company's delay or failure to develop or
acquire products that keep pace with evolving industry standards and
technological developments or provide additional functionality to address
changing customer needs could have a material adverse effect on its business,
operating results and financial condition. The Company currently has a number of
product enhancement and new product development efforts underway including (i)
enhancing Smart Change 2000 to provide customers with an option to include
automated date field expansion as one aspect of its source code correction for
year 2000 conversion, (ii) adding automated source code renovation features to
Natural Analyst 2000, (iii) further enhancement of COBOL Slicer for test
coverage analysis, (iv) providing support for Unisys 2200, (v) integrating its
software products with third party testing products to provide an integrated
solution for testing applications remediated for the year 2000, and (vi)
enhancement of its Object Designer product for client/server migration. The
Company's product development efforts are expected to require substantial
additional investment by the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company
will have sufficient resources to make the necessary investment or that it will
not experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the successful
development, introduction or marketing of new products or enhancements. In
addition, there can be no assurance that such products or enhancements will meet
the requirements of the marketplace or achieve market acceptance. In addition,
there can also be no assurance that new technologies will not be developed by
one or more third parties that render the Company's products and solutions
obsolete. See "Business--Research and Development."
INTENSE COMPETITION. The market for the Company's enterprise solutions and
software products, and in particular its products and solutions for the year
2000 problem, is intensely competitive and is characterized by rapid change in
technology and user needs and the frequent introduction of new products and
solutions. The Company's principal competitors in the software products market
include Computer Associates International, Inc., Compuware Corp., MicroFocus
Group Public Limited Company, Peritus Software Services, Inc. and VIASOFT, Inc.
("VIASOFT"). Many of the Company's potential customers are outsourcing their
year 2000 conversion work to outside service providers. Accordingly, the Company
also competes indirectly, and its third party service providers compete
directly, with large service providers such as Cap Gemini America, Computer
Horizons Corp., IBM Global Services ("IBM"), Information Management Resources
Incorporated, Keane,
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Inc. and the Big Six accounting firms. Certain of these service providers have
developed or acquired proprietary software products. In addition, certain of
these services providers have elected to use software products offered by the
Company's competitors and may be unable or unwilling to change software vendors.
Many of the Company's competitors are more established, benefit from greater
name recognition and have substantially greater financial, technical and
marketing resources than the Company. In addition, there can be no assurance
that the Company's competitors will not form joint ventures, business
combinations or other strategic alliances and develop or offer comprehensive
enterprise solutions which further compete with the Company's products and
solutions. The announcement of such developments, prior to release, may result
in potential customers delaying their purchasing decisions while they evaluate
the new competitive products. Certain of the Company's current or potential
competitors also serve as sales channels for the Company's products and
solutions and may elect to discontinue their sales efforts for the Company's
products or solutions or to commence or increase their promotional and sales
efforts for their own products and solutions. The Company believes that the
principal factors affecting competition in its markets include product
performance and reliability, product functionality, ability to respond to
changing customer needs, ease of use, training, quality of support and price.
Other than technical expertise and, with respect to the year 2000 solutions
market, the limited time available to enter the market, there are no significant
proprietary or other barriers to entry that could keep potential competitors
from developing or acquiring similar products or providing competing solutions
in the Company's market.
The Company's ability to compete successfully in the sale of enterprise
solutions and software products will depend in large part upon its ability to
attract new customers, sell products and solutions, expand its direct sales
force and its indirect sales and marketing channels, deliver and support product
enhancements to its existing and new customers and respond effectively to
continuing technological change by developing new solutions and products. There
can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete successfully in the
future, or that future competition for product sales and solutions or other
competitive factors will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, operating results and financial condition. See
"Business--Competition."
UNCERTAINTY OF FURTHER MARKET ACCEPTANCE OF SEEC'S ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS AND
PRODUCTS. Failure of the Company to achieve further market acceptance of its
enterprise solutions and software products will have a material adverse effect
on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. The
Company's future revenues from sales of products and solutions are expected to
be dependent on market acceptance of the use of PC-based software products by
large organizations as a solution platform for legacy system maintenance and
redevelopment and client/server migration. Currently, most maintenance and
redevelopment software products are designed for use on mainframe platforms.
Although the Company believes that PC-based products and solutions have certain
advantages over mainframe-based solutions, PC-based products are relatively new
and not widely used. A large number of decision-makers who might evaluate the
Company's enterprise solutions and software products are experienced in
mainframe operating environments and may not readily accept PC-based solutions
and products. Additional marketing and educational activities will be necessary
to convince the legacy system maintenance and redevelopment market of the
advantages of PC-based solutions. Failure to achieve wider market acceptance of
PC-based solutions could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, operating results and financial condition.
The Company has developed products for the migration of existing COBOL
software applications from legacy systems to client/server architectures. The
Company has not attempted to market and sell such products to date and there can
be no assurance that they will achieve market acceptance in the future. The
Company anticipates that migration from legacy systems to client/server systems
will be gradual, particularly for large customized applications. Many
organizations perceive a high degree of risk and expense in migrating entire
applications from a mainframe environment to a client/server system. The Company
has not yet developed enterprise solutions or developed or commercialized
software products designed specifically for integration of legacy systems with
client/server systems including ERP packaged software, data warehousing or data
mining systems and there is no assurance that the Company will be able to adapt
its existing products and solutions to these problems. The market for such
products and solutions may not develop to the extent or in the time periods
anticipated by the Company. See "Business."
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RISK OF PRODUCT DEFECTS OR DEVELOPMENT DELAYS. Software products such as
those offered by the Company often encounter development delays and may contain
undetected errors or failures when introduced or when new versions are released.
The Company has in the past experienced certain delays in the development of its
software. Although the Company has not experienced any material adverse effects
resulting from any such errors or delays to date, there can be no assurance
that, despite testing by the Company and by current and potential customers,
errors will not be found in new products or releases after commencement of
commercial shipments, or that the Company will not experience development
delays, resulting in delays in the shipment of products and a loss or delay in
market acceptance, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business--Research and
Development."
POTENTIAL FOR PRODUCT LIABILITY. The Company's enterprise solutions and
products often are utilized to perform maintenance and redevelopment functions
on mission-critical components of its customers' information systems. The
programs and data contained in these systems are often necessary for the
continuation of the customer's business and are critical to the operations and
financial performance of the customer. Any failure of these systems could have a
material adverse effect upon the Company's customers and could result in a claim
for substantial damages against the Company, regardless of the Company's
responsibility for such failure. In connection with the license of its products
and the sale of its services, the Company attempts to limit contractually its
liability for damages arising from negligent acts, errors, mistakes or
omissions. Despite this precaution, there can be no assurance that the
limitations of liability set forth in its customer contracts would be
enforceable or would otherwise protect the Company from liability for damages.
Additionally, the Company maintains general liability insurance coverage with
limits of $1 million per occurrence and $1 million aggregate coverage and excess
liability insurance coverage with limits of $6 million per occurrence and $6
million aggregate coverage. However, there can be no assurance that such
coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms, or will be
sufficient to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not
disclaim coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or
more large claims against the Company that exceed available insurance coverages
or changes in the Company's insurance policies, such as premium increases or the
imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and
financial condition.
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH SALES CHANNELS. The Company's ability to achieve
significant revenue growth in the future will depend, in part, on its success in
recruiting and training sufficient direct sales personnel and expanding the
number of third party service providers which utilize or market the Company's
products. Although the Company is currently investing, and plans to continue to
invest, significant resources to develop and expand its direct sales force and
expand its network of third party service providers, the Company has at times
experienced and may continue to experience difficulty in recruiting qualified
personnel for its direct sales force and entering into or maintaining
relationships with third party service providers. There can be no assurance that
the Company will be able to maintain or successfully expand its direct sales
force or network of service providers or that any such expansion will result in
an increase in revenue. Any failure by the Company to expand its direct sales
force or network of service providers could have a material adverse effect on
the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. In addition,
if the Company is successful in expanding its direct sales force, there can be
no assurance that its direct sales personnel will be successful in increasing
the Company's revenue to a sufficient extent to cover the increased expenses
associated with such expansion. The Company's agreements with its third party
service providers are generally non-exclusive, and some may be terminated by
either party without cause. The Company's third party service providers are not
within the control of the Company, are not obligated to purchase products from
the Company and may also offer their own product lines and solutions or
represent or refer product lines or solutions offered by the Company's
competitors. There can be no assurance that these service providers will
continue their current relationships with the Company or that they will not give
higher priority to the sale or referral of other products or solutions,
including products or solutions of the Company's competitors. A reduction in
sales efforts or discontinuance of sales or referrals of the Company's products
by third party service providers could lead to reduced sales and could
materially and adversely affect the Company's business, operating results and
financial condition. Certain of the Company's current or potential competitors
also serve as sales channels for
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the Company's solutions and may select to discontinue their sales efforts for
the Company's products or solutions or to commence or increase their promotional
and sales efforts for their own products and solutions.
The Company's strategy of marketing its products directly to end users and
indirectly through third party service providers may result in distribution
channel conflicts. The Company's direct sales efforts may compete with those of
its indirect sales channels and, to the extent one or more third party service
provider targets the same customer, such service providers may come into
conflict with each other. There can be no assurance that channel conflicts will
not materially and adversely affect the Company's relationships with its
customers or third party service providers or its ability to attract additional
service providers. See "Business--Sales, Marketing and Distribution."
RELIANCE ON CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS. The Company has established strategic
relationships with a number of organizations that it believes are important to
its worldwide sales, marketing and support activities. The Company's
relationships with its service providers such as Complete Business Solutions,
Inc. ("Complete Business Solutions"), IBM and Unisys Corp. ("Unisys") expand the
distribution of its products. There can be no assurance that the Company's
service providers, many of which have significantly greater financial and
marketing resources than the Company, will not develop or market software
products which compete with the Company's products in the future or will not
otherwise discontinue their relationships with or support of the Company. The
failure by the Company to maintain its existing relationships or to establish
new relationships in the future could have a material adverse effect of the
Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See
"Business--Sales, Marketing and Distribution."
DEPENDENCE ON MAJOR CUSTOMERS AND LARGE CONTRACTS; CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION.
Historically, a relatively small number of customers have accounted for a
significant percentage of the Company's revenues. During fiscal 1995, 1996 and
1997, revenues from Complete Business Solutions were $319,000, $330,000 and
$493,000, which accounted for 41%, 32% and 19%, respectively, of the Company's
total revenues in each of these periods. Two other customers in fiscal 1995 and
three other customers in fiscal 1996 accounted for 15% and 32% of the Company's
total revenues, respectively. During the first six months of fiscal 1998,
revenues from VIASOFT accounted for 16% of total revenues. During the first and
second quarters of fiscal 1998, three and four customers, respectively,
accounted for 51% of the Company's total revenues.
There can be no assurance that these customers will continue to license the
Company's products or purchase the Company's solutions in the future. If the
Company is unable to add new customers that make significant purchases of the
Company's products or solutions or reduce its dependence on large orders from
relatively few customers, the loss of, or significant reduction in orders from,
any of such customers could materially and adversely affect the Company's
business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business--Customers"
and Notes 4, 6 and 7 to Financial Statements.
DEPENDENCE ON OFFSHORE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT. A significant element of the
Company's business strategy is to continue to leverage its relationship with ERA
Software Systems Private Limited ("ERA"), an Indian software development
company. ERA owns 226,305 shares of Common Stock of the Company or approximately
4% of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company upon completion of this
Offering. Ravindra Koka, the President, a director and principal shareholder of
the Company, and Shankar Krish, an employee of the Company, are directors and
significant shareholders of ERA. SEEC believes that the use of an offshore
software development center will provide the Company with a potential cost
advantage over some of its competitors. In the past, India has experienced
significant inflation and other economic difficulties and has been subject to
significant currency fluctuations. The Indian government has exercised and
continues to exercise significant influence over many aspects of the Indian
economy, and Indian government actions concerning the economy could have a
material adverse effect on private sector entities. During the past several
years, India's government has provided significant tax incentives and relaxed
certain regulatory restrictions in order to encourage foreign investment in
specified sectors of the economy, including the software development industry.
Certain of those benefits which have directly affected the Company include,
among others, tax holidays, liberalized import and export duties, and
preferential rules concerning foreign investment and repatriation.
Notwithstanding these benefits, however, India's central and state governments
remain significantly involved in the Indian economy as regulators. The
elimination of any of these benefits could have a
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material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and
financial condition. Further, no assurance can be given that the Company will
not be materially and adversely affected by future changes in inflation,
interest rates, currency valuation, taxation, social stability or other
political, economic or diplomatic developments in or affecting India. See
"--Certain Transactions; Potential Conflicts of Interest," "Business--Research
and Development" and "Certain Transactions."
RISK OF DOING BUSINESS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS. In fiscal 1997 and in the
first six months of fiscal 1998, approximately 16% and 20%, respectively, of the
Company's revenues were from international customers, including sales to ERA.
The Company expects that international revenues will account for an increasingly
significant percentage of the Company's revenues. The Company has formed a
wholly-owned subsidiary in the United Kingdom and plans to expand its operations
in international markets. As a result, the Company will be subject to a number
of risks, including, among other things, difficulties relating to administering
its business globally, managing foreign operations, currency fluctuations,
restrictions against the repatriation of earnings, export requirements and
restrictions, and multiple and possibly overlapping tax structures. These risks
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating
results and financial condition. In addition, acceptance of the Company's
products in certain international markets may require exclusive, time-consuming
and costly modifications to the Company's products to localize the products for
use in particular markets. Any earnings generated in countries other than the
United States may be permanently invested outside the United States or may be
subject to considerable taxation if repatriated to the United States. The
Company expects to incur significant costs in foreign currencies to enhance its
marketing, sales and distribution in other countries. In contrast, the Company
presently generates most of its revenue in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, the
Company is subject to risks that, as a result of currency fluctuations, the
translation of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars for accounting purposes
could adversely affect its operating results. Historically, the Company's
foreign exchange transactions have not been significant. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and
"Business--Sales, Marketing and Distribution."
DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL. The Company's success will depend, in part,
upon its ability to hire and retain key senior management and skilled technical,
professional services and sales and marketing personnel. In particular, the
Company's operations, including its strategic direction, sales and research and
development efforts, are dependent on Ravindra Koka, the Company's President and
Chief Executive Officer. Although the Company believes it will be able to hire
qualified personnel for such purposes, an inability to do so could materially
and adversely affect the Company's ability to market, sell, develop and enhance
its enterprise solutions and products. The market for qualified personnel has
historically been, and the Company expects that it will continue to be,
intensely competitive and the process of locating and hiring qualified personnel
can be difficult, time-consuming and expensive. Specifically, the demand for
experienced COBOL project managers and programmers is expected to continue to
increase significantly over the next several years, particularly as a result of
the year 2000 problem. The Company has recently hired senior financial and sales
managers and intends to hire other senior management personnel in the near
future. The Company's success will depend in part on the successful assimilation
and performance of these individuals. The loss of one or more of its key
employees, in particular, Mr. Koka, or the Company's inability to hire and
retain other qualified employees could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, operating results and financial condition. The Company has
employment agreements with certain key employees, including Mr. Koka, but does
not maintain key man life insurance on any its employees. See "Management."
DEPENDENCE ON PROPRIETARY RIGHTS. The Company's success is heavily
dependent upon its proprietary technology. The Company regards its enterprise
solutions and software products as proprietary and attempts to protect them
under a combination of copyright, trade secret and trademark laws as well as by
contractual restrictions on employees and third parties. Despite these
precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized parties to copy the Company's
software or to reverse engineer or otherwise obtain and use information the
Company regards as proprietary. The Company has no patents, and existing trade
secret and copyright laws provide only limited protection. Certain provisions of
the license and distribution agreements generally used by the Company, including
"shrink-wrap" license agreements, including provisions protecting against
unauthorized use, copying, transfer and disclosure, may be unenforceable under
the laws of certain jurisdictions, and
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the Company is required to negotiate limits on these provisions from time to
time. Policing unauthorized use of the Company's products is difficult and,
while the Company is unable to determine the extent to which piracy of its
software exists, software piracy is expected to be a persistent problem,
particularly in international markets and as a result of the growing use of the
Internet. Certain third parties have been provided access to the source code for
certain of the Company's products. Access to source code may increase the
possibility of misappropriation or misuse of the Company's software. The
Company's close relationship with certain third party service providers
increases the risk that such providers may attempt to use the Company's
proprietary products and methodologies to develop their own solutions that
compete with those of the Company. In addition, the laws of some foreign
countries do not protect the Company's proprietary rights to the same extent as
do the laws of the United States. There can be no assurance that the steps taken
by the Company will be adequate to deter misappropriation of proprietary
information or that the Company will be able to detect unauthorized use and take
appropriate steps to enforce its intellectual property rights. In addition, the
Company's solutions depend, to a certain extent, on the ability of the Company
to build interfaces with third party software products, which are subject to the
proprietary rights of such third parties. There can be no assurance that such
third parties will continue to support or update such products or that the
Company will continue to have the access to such products necessary to offer the
interfaces as a component of the Company's solutions.
Significant and protracted litigation may be necessary to protect the
Company's proprietary rights, to determine the scope of the proprietary rights
of others or to defend against claims for infringement. The Company is not aware
that any its products, trademarks or other proprietary rights infringe the
proprietary rights of third parties and the Company is not currently involved in
any litigation with respect to proprietary rights. Infringement claims against
software developers are likely to increase as the number of functionally similar
products in the market increases. There can be no assurance that third party
claims, with or without merit, alleging infringement will not be asserted
against the Company in the future. Such assertions, whether with or without
merit, can be time consuming and expensive to defend and could require the
Company to cease the use and sale of infringing products, trademarks or
technologies, to incur significant litigation costs and expenses and to develop
or acquire non-infringing technology or to obtain licenses to the alleged
infringing technology. There can be no assurance that the Company would be able
to develop or acquire alternative technologies or to obtain such licenses on
commercially acceptable terms or at all, which could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See
"Business--Proprietary Rights."
FIXED-PRICE CONTRACTS. From time to time, the Company offers year 2000
assessment and remediation solutions on a fixed-price basis, rather than on a
time and materials basis. These contracts are typically terminable by either
party upon written notice. Although the Company uses its past experiences to
reduce the risks associated with estimating, planning and performing fixed-price
projects, the Company has a limited history of such projects on which to make
such estimates. The Company's failure to estimate accurately the resources,
costs and times required for a project or its failure to complete its
contractual obligations within the time frame committed could result in cost
overruns and reduced margins and could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See
"Business--Pricing of Products and Professional Services."
VOLATILITY OF STOCK PRICE. The market prices of companies addressing the
year 2000 problem, including the Company, have been highly volatile. The Common
Stock has experienced a significant increase in its market price since the
Company's initial public offering in January 1997. There can be no assurance
that such rate of increase can be sustained. The market price of the Common
Stock is likely to continue to be highly volatile and may increase or may
decrease significantly as a result of factors such as actual or anticipated
fluctuations in the Company's operating results, general conditions in the
computer hardware and software industries, announcements of new products,
technological innovations or new contracts by the Company or by its competitors,
developments with respect to patents, copyrights or proprietary rights, general
market conditions and other factors. In addition, in recent years the stock
market in general, and the shares of technology companies in particular, have
experienced extreme price fluctuations. These broad market and industry
fluctuations, over which the Company has no control, may materially and
adversely affect the market
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price of the Common Stock. In addition, shortfalls in sales or earnings as
compared with securities analysts' expectations, changes in such analysts'
recommendations or projections and general economic conditions, may materially
and adversely affect the market price of the Common Stock.
CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS; POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. The Company has
engaged in certain material transactions with certain of its management and
shareholders and maintains certain material business relationships with ERA, a
significant shareholder of the Company. Ravindra Koka, the President, a director
and a principal shareholder of the Company, and Shankar Krish, a key employee of
the Company, are directors and significant shareholders of ERA. See
"Business--Research and Development," "Certain Transactions--ERA Relationship"
and Notes 6 and 7 to Financial Statements.
SIGNIFICANT UNALLOCATED NET PROCEEDS; BROAD DISCRETION OF MANAGEMENT. The
Company intends to use the net proceeds of this Offering to develop its
international sales and marketing efforts, expand its domestic sales and
marketing efforts, establish additional facilities, hire additional personnel,
increase research and development for its enterprise solutions, increase capital
expenditures and for working capital and other general corporate purposes. In
addition, the Company may use a portion of the net proceeds of this Offering to
develop or acquire complementary businesses, products or technologies. There are
no current agreements or understandings with respect to any acquisitions,
investments or other transactions. Pending such uses, the Company intends to
invest the net proceeds from this Offering in short-term, investment-grade,
interest-bearing securities. The Company has no other specific uses for the
proceeds of this Offering, and the exact use of the proceeds will be subject to
the discretion of management. See "Use of Proceeds."
INFLUENCE BY CERTAIN EXISTING SHAREHOLDERS. Upon completion of this
Offering, the Company's officers, directors and their affiliates will own
beneficially an aggregate of approximately 21% of the outstanding shares of
Common Stock (approximately % if the Underwriters' over-allotment option is
exercised in full). As a result, these shareholders will be able to exercise
significant influence over matters requiring shareholder approval, including the
election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This
concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a
change in control of the Company. See "Principal Shareholders and Holdings of
Management."
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE; POSSIBLE ADVERSE EFFECT ON FUTURE MARKET
PRICES. Sales of a substantial number of shares of the Common Stock in the
public market following this Offering, or the perception that such sales could
occur, could materially and adversely affect the market price for the Common
Stock. Immediately following the consummation of this Offering, there will be
6,033,096 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding. Of these, the 1,310,000
shares offered hereby and the 2,070,000 shares sold in the Company's initial
public offering will be freely tradable in the United States (except by
affiliates of the Company) without restriction or further registration under the
Securities Act. Of the remaining 2,653,096 shares, shares will be
subject to a lock-up arrangements under which the holders of such shares have
agreed not to sell or otherwise dispose of any of their shares for a period of
90 days following the date of this Prospectus without the prior written consent
of UBS Securities LLC. After such period, all the remaining shares
will be eligible for sale in the public market without registration, subject, in
the case of shares, to certain volume and other limitations pursuant
to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act ("Rule 144"). Certain of the
existing shareholders of the Company and the managing underwriters of the
Company's initial public offering have registration rights for the Common Stock
they own and accordingly will have the ability to exercise such rights and sell
their Common Stock free of any volume and other limitations imposed by Rule 144.
Except for the exercise of stock options pursuant to the Stock Option Plans and
the exercise of certain outstanding warrants, the Company and its directors,
executive officers and certain of its shareholders have agreed with the
Underwriters not to sell any Common Stock for 90 days from the date of this
Prospectus without the prior written consent of the UBS Securities LLC. No
prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that sales of securities or the
availability of securities for sale will have on the market price of the shares
of Common Stock prevailing from time to time. See "Shares Eligible for Future
Sale" and "Underwriting."
ANTITAKEOVER MEASURES. The Company's Bylaws divide the Board of Directors
into three classes, with each class to be as equal in number of directors as
possible. At each annual meeting of shareholders, directors
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are elected for three-year terms to succeed the directors of the class whose
terms are expiring. In accordance with the Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law
(the "BCL"), directors serving on classified boards of directors may only be
removed from office for cause. In addition, under the Company's Articles of
Incorporation, the Board of Directors has the authority to fix the rights and
preferences of, and issue shares of, Preferred Stock without further action of
the shareholders. Therefore, Preferred Stock could be issued, without
shareholder approval, that could have voting, liquidation and dividend rights
superior to that of the Common Stock. The issuance of Preferred Stock could
materially and adversely affect the voting power of holders of Common Stock and
the likelihood that such holders of Common Stock would receive dividend payments
and payments on liquidation. The Company has no present plan to issue any shares
of Preferred Stock. One or all of these provisions could, under certain
circumstances, operate to delay, deter or prevent a change in control of the
Company or limit the price that potential acquirors or investors may be willing
to pay in the future for the Company or shares of its Common Stock.
UNLIKELY TO DECLARE DIVIDENDS. The Company has never declared or paid cash
dividends on its capital stock and does not anticipate paying any cash dividends
in the foreseeable future. The Company currently anticipates that it will retain
future earnings, if any, to fund its operations. See "Dividend Policy."
DILUTION OF NEW INVESTORS. Purchasers of the Common Stock offered hereby
will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book
value of each share of the Common Stock purchased by them. Such purchasers will
experience further dilution upon the exercise of outstanding options and
warrants. See "Dilution" and "Shares Eligible for Future Sale."
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USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the 1,030,000 shares of
Common Stock offered hereby at an assumed public offering price of $21.88 per
share are estimated to be approximately $21.0 million, after deduction of
underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by the
Company. The Company will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Common Stock
by the Selling Shareholders.
The Company intends to use the net proceeds of this Offering to develop its
international sales and marketing efforts, expand its domestic sales and
marketing efforts, establish additional facilities, hire additional personnel,
increase research and development for its enterprise solutions, increase capital
expenditures and for working capital and other general corporate purposes. In
addition, the Company may use a portion of the net proceeds of this Offering to
develop or acquire businesses, products or technologies complementary to its
current business. The amounts actually expended for each such purpose may vary
significantly and are subject to change in the Company's discretion depending
upon certain factors, including economic or industry conditions, changes in the
competitive environment and strategic opportunities that may arise.
Although the Company from time to time engages and has engaged in
discussions with respect to possible acquisitions, it has no present plans,
intentions, understandings, commitments or agreements with respect to any such
transaction. Pending such uses, the Company intends to invest the net proceeds
from this Offering in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities.
The Company has no other specific uses for the proceeds of this Offering, and
the exact use of the proceeds will be subject to the discretion of management.
Management believes that cash flow from operations and the net proceeds of the
Offering will be sufficient to meet the Company's future cash flow needs for at
least one year following the Offering. In the longer term, the Company may
require additional sources of capital to fund future growth. Such sources of
capital may include additional equity offerings or debt financings.
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
The following table presents information on the price range of the Common
Stock (Nasdaq National Market symbol "SEEC") beginning at the Company's initial
public offering in the fourth quarter of fiscal 1997. This information indicates
the high and low reported sale prices on the Nasdaq Small Cap market through May
7, 1997 and the Nasdaq National Market thereafter.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HIGH LOW
------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
1997
Fourth quarter (commencing January 22, 1997)............ $11.25 $ 7.50
1998
First quarter........................................... $24.00 $ 8.13
Second quarter.......................................... $37.38 $16.38
Third quarter (through November 11, 1997)............... $28.50 $21.13
</TABLE>
As of September 30, 1997, there were approximately 1,600 holders of record
of the Common Stock. A recent last reported sale price on the Nasdaq National
Market for the Common Stock is set forth on the cover page of this Prospectus.
DIVIDEND POLICY
SEEC has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its Common Stock.
SEEC intends to continue to retain its earnings, if any, to finance the
development and growth of its business. Consequently, SEEC does not expect to
pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. See "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Liquidity and Capital
Resources."
17
<PAGE> 19
CAPITALIZATION
The following table presents the capitalization of the Company as of
September 30, 1997, as adjusted to give effect to the sale by SEEC of the
1,030,000 shares of Common Stock offered hereby by SEEC at the assumed public
offering price of $21.88 per share, after deducting the underwriting discounts
and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30,
1997
--------------------
AS
ACTUAL ADJUSTED
------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Shareholders' Equity:
Preferred Stock, no par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares
issued and outstanding............................................. $ -- $ --
Common Stock, $.01 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized, 5,003,096
shares issued and outstanding; 6,033,096 shares issued and
outstanding as adjusted (1)........................................ 50 60
Additional paid-in capital............................................ 14,506 35,487
Accumulated deficit................................................... (1,252) (1,252)
Unrealized gains on investments....................................... 28 28
------- -------
Total shareholders' equity......................................... 13,332 34,323
------- -------
Total capitalization............................................... $13,332 $ 34,323
======= =======
</TABLE>
- ---------
(1) Excludes 276,122 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of
outstanding stock options at a weighted average exercise price of $8.62 per
share and 249,998 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of
outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $7.21 per
share. An additional 650,841 shares of Common Stock are reserved for
issuance under the Company's stock option plans. See "Management--Stock
Option Plans," "Management--Compensation of Directors," "Description of
Capital Stock--Warrants and Conversion Rights" and Notes 8 and 11 to
Financial Statements.
18
<PAGE> 20
DILUTION
The net tangible book value of SEEC as of September 30, 1997 was $13.3
million, or approximately $2.66 per share of Common Stock. Net tangible book
value per share of the Common Stock is equal to the book value of SEEC's total
assets less the book value of its total liabilities, divided by the total number
of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of September 30, 1997. After giving
effect to the sale by SEEC of the 1,030,000 shares of Common Stock offered
hereby by SEEC and after deducting the underwriting discount and the estimated
offering expenses payable by SEEC, the pro forma net tangible book value of SEEC
at September 30, 1997 would have been $34.3 million, or $5.69 per share. This
represents an immediate increase in the net tangible book value of $3.03 per
share to existing holders of Common Stock and an immediate dilution of $16.19
per share to the persons purchasing shares of Common Stock at the assumed public
offering price. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Assumed public offering price.............................................. $21.88
Net tangible book value per share at September 30, 1997.......... $2.66
Increase attributable to new investors........................... 3.03
-----
Pro forma net tangible book value after the Offering....................... 5.69
------
Dilution per share to new investors........................................ $16.19
======
</TABLE>
The calculation of pro forma net tangible book value and the other
computations above assume no exercise of outstanding options and warrants. At
September 30, 1997, there were outstanding options to purchase 276,122 shares of
Common Stock at a weighted average exercise price per share of $8.62 and
warrants to purchase 249,998 shares of Common Stock at a weighted average
exercise price per share of $7.21. To the extent that outstanding options and
warrants are exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors. See
"Management--Stock Option Plans," "Management--Compensation of Directors,"
"Description of Capital Stock--Warrants and Conversion Rights" and Notes 8 and
11 of Notes to Financial Statements.
19
<PAGE> 21
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data is qualified in its entirety by, and
should be read in conjunction with, the Company's Financial Statements and Notes
thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations" included elsewhere in this Prospectus. Portions of the
selected financial data presented below have been derived from the Company's
financial statements which have been audited by BDO Seidman, LLP, independent
certified public accountants, whose report covering the balance sheets as of
March 31, 1996 and 1997 and the statements of operations, changes in
shareholders' equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the fiscal years ended
March 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 is included elsewhere herein. The statement of
operations data for the year ended March 31, 1993 and the balance sheet data as
of March 31, 1993 and March 31, 1994 are derived from unaudited financial
statements of the Company not included herein. The statement of operations data
for the year ended March 31, 1994 are derived from audited financial statements
of the Company not included herein. The statement of operations data for the six
months ended September 30, 1996 and 1997 and the balance sheet data as of
September 30, 1997 are derived from unaudited financial statements of the
Company which are included herein. Management believes that the unaudited
financial statements of the Company include all adjustments, consisting only of
normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial
condition and results of operations of the Company for the periods presented.
The results for the six months ended September 30, 1997 are not necessarily
indicative of results that may be realized for any other interim period or for
the full year.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS ENDED
FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, SEPTEMBER 30,
------------------------------------------------- ------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1996 1997(1)
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: ------ ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Software license and maintenance fees.... $ 200 $ 460 $ 393 $ 372 $ 1,242 $ 451 $ 4,013
Professional services--product related... 68 41 42 181 776 266 659
Professional services--other............. 138 363 350 476 605 372 118
Grant revenue............................ 50 -- -- -- -- -- --
------ ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total revenues....................... 456 864 785 1,029 2,623 1,089 4,790
------ ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues:
Software license and maintenance
fees................................. 29 91 92 102 252 94 614
Professional services--product
related.............................. 37 10 14 59 470 135 584
Professional services--other........... 77 255 243 439 513 303 116
------ ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total cost of revenues............... 143 356 349 600 1,235 532 1,314
General and administrative............. 150 149 132 142 442 87 784
Sales and marketing.................... 221 215 236 237 999 276 1,719
Research and development............... 317 317 407 337 428 138 443
------ ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses............. 831 1,037 1,124 1,316 3,104 1,033 4,260
------ ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from operations.............. (375) (173) (339) (287) (481) 56 530
------ ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Interest income (expense), net:
Interest expense......................... (42) (50) (63) (75) (50) (31) (17)
Interest income.......................... 1 1 6 20 135 7 363
------ ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total interest income (expense),
net............................... (41) (49) (57) (55) 85 (24) 346
------ ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)........................ $ (416) $ (222) $ (396) $ (342) $ (396) $ 32 $ 876
====== ====== ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Net income (loss) per common share
equivalent(2)............................ $ (.16) $ (.08) $ (.15) $ (.13) $ (.13) $ .01 $ .17
====== ====== ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Weighted average number of common and
common equivalent shares
outstanding(2)......................... 2,529 2,623 2,624 2,630 3,036 2,912 5,305
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF MARCH 31, AS OF
------------------------------------------------- SEPTEMBER 30,
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1997(1)
------ ------ ------- ------- ------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents................. $ 26 $ 45 $ 328 $ 111 $ 3,811 $ 1,129
Working capital (deficit)................. (28) 6 187 128 13,151 13,063
Total assets.............................. 128 235 583 429 14,058 15,716
Due to officers and shareholders.......... 146 155 164 172 -- --
Notes payable to related parties.......... 488 525 562 600 -- --
Advance royalty........................... -- 159 698 796 781 --
Total long-term obligations............... 702 810 858 1,042 150 --
Total shareholders' equity (deficit)...... (720) (942) (1,337) (1,677) 12,344 13,332
</TABLE>
- ---------
(1) See Note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements.
(2) Computed on the basis described in Note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements.
20
<PAGE> 22
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of the financial condition and results of
operations of the Company should be read in conjunction with the preceding
"Selected Financial Data" and the Company's Financial Statements and the Notes
thereto included elsewhere in this Prospectus. This Prospectus contains
forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's
actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the
forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such
differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under "Risk
Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations" and "Business" as well as those discussed elsewhere in
this Prospectus. References to the Company's fiscal year mean the twelve months
ended on March 31 of that calendar year.
OVERVIEW
SEEC develops, markets and provides integrated and comprehensive enterprise
solutions that enable large organizations and third party service providers to
efficiently and effectively maintain and redevelop legacy system applications
and databases. The Company's enterprise solutions utilize a suite of software
products and well-defined, repeatable methodologies that are designed to
automate various functions and improve the quality, productivity and
effectiveness of the maintenance and redevelopment process. SEEC's enterprise
solutions address the year 2000 problem and are being developed and enhanced to
address client/server migration. SEEC introduced its core source code analysis
technology and the first PC-based maintenance and redevelopment software product
in 1992.
The Company was founded in 1988 to develop software products and solutions
for maintenance and redevelopment of legacy COBOL applications. In 1992, the
Company introduced its first commercial product, COBOL Analyst. From 1992 to
1996, the Company devoted significant resources to developing its proprietary
suite of products for its legacy system maintenance and redevelopment solutions,
including its year 2000 products and solutions. In 1995 and 1996, the Company
introduced its COBOL Analyst 2000, COBOL Slicer, LAN version of COBOL Analyst,
and Date Analyzer products. During the first quarter of fiscal 1998, the Company
introduced its source correction product addressing the year 2000 problem, Smart
Change 2000. In addition, the Company has continually enhanced its COBOL Analyst
product line. The Company began to increase its commitment to providing year
2000 related professional services in fiscal 1996 as a result of the increased
awareness of, and demand for, year 2000 solutions.
The Company derives its revenues primarily from software license and
maintenance fees, professional services fees and sales through a distributor of
the Company's software products. The Company's software is licensed primarily to
Fortune 1000 companies, governmental organizations and third party service
providers. Product related services are provided to customers in conjunction
with the license of software products. Other professional services are primarily
programming services provided on a contract basis. The Company's enterprise
solutions and software products and services are marketed through a broad range
of distribution channels, including direct sales to end users, to end-users in
conjunction with third party service providers, to third-party service providers
and indirect sales through a distributor. Through fiscal 1996, substantially all
of the Company's revenues were from sales in the United States. In fiscal 1997
and the first six months of fiscal 1998, approximately 16% and 20%,
respectively, of the Company's revenues were from sales to customers outside the
United States, including sales to ERA. See "Business--Sales and Marketing."
The Company recognizes software license fees upon shipment of the software
to the customer. Typically, software maintenance contracts are purchased with
software licenses. Revenues from software maintenance are deferred and
recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period, which is generally
one year. Software maintenance contracts are generally renewable on an annual
basis, although the Company also enters into long-term maintenance contracts
from time to time. Revenues from professional services are recognized as the
services are provided or upon the achievement of specified performance
milestones. See Note 1 to Financial Statements.
21
<PAGE> 23
The Company currently generates substantially all of its revenues from its
year 2000 solutions and such solutions are expected to continue to account for a
significant portion of the Company's revenues for the next few years.
Accordingly, the Company's operating results will depend, in large part, on
achieving broader market acceptance for such solutions. A failure to increase
demand for such solutions or an increase in competition in the market for such
solutions would have a material adverse effect on the Company's operating
results and financial condition. Although the Company believes that the demand
for its year 2000 solutions will continue to exist for some time after the year
2000, this demand will diminish significantly over time and will eventually
disappear. In order to achieve sustained growth, the Company must develop and
successfully market new products and solutions to address additional markets.
The Company's strategy is to leverage the market recognition and business
relationships it achieves through sales of its year 2000 solutions to enhance
its efforts in other markets. There can be no assurance, however, that the
Company will be successful in generating business by selling additional products
or solutions to its year 2000 customers or new customers, or, if it does, that
such products and solutions will achieve market acceptance at a rate sufficient
to maintain growth, or even to offset declines in revenues generated by its year
2000 solutions. In addition, by dedicating significant resources during the next
several years to year 2000 products and solutions, the Company's ability to
continue to develop and deliver other products and solutions could be materially
and adversely affected. The Company's year 2000 solutions incorporate SEEC's
core technology and may be utilized by SEEC's customers for future ongoing and
additional maintenance and redevelopment tasks. There can be no assurance that
such customers will utilize SEEC's core technology for non-year 2000 maintenance
and redevelopment tasks or that significant revenues will result from such
utilization. The failure to diversify and develop additional products and
solutions would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
operating results and financial condition.
Revenues from professional services fees--other are expected to decrease as
a percentage of total revenues as the Company continues to shift its resources
and professional staff from contract programming to year 2000 products and
services.
Historically, a relatively small number of customers have accounted for a
significant percentage of the Company's revenues. During fiscal 1995, 1996 and
1997, revenues from Complete Business Solutions were $319,000, $330,000 and
$493,000, which accounted for 41%, 32% and 19%, respectively, of the Company's
total revenues in each of these periods. Two other customers in fiscal 1995 and
three other customers in fiscal 1996 accounted for 15% and 32% of the Company's
total revenues, respectively. During the first and second quarters of fiscal
1998, three and four customers, respectively, accounted for 51% of the Company's
total revenues. VIASOFT accounted for 16% of the Company's total revenues during
the six months ended September 30, 1997. On December 3, 1996, the Company gave
notice to VIASOFT of its intention to terminate its International Software
Marketing and License Agreement (the "VIASOFT Agreement") with VIASOFT. The
Company received notice from VIASOFT acknowledging that the VIASOFT Agreement
terminated effective June 4, 1997.
SELECTED QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS
The following tables set forth for the four quarters of fiscal 1997 as well
as the first two quarters of fiscal 1998 (i) certain statement of operations
data and (ii) certain statement of operations data expressed as a percentage of
total revenue. In management's opinion, the unaudited quarterly statement of
operations data has been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial
statements and includes all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring
adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the
quarters presented, when read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and
Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Prospectus.
22
<PAGE> 24
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
THREE MONTHS ENDED
----------------------------------------------------------------------
JUNE 30, SEPT. 30, DEC. 31, MAR. 31, JUNE 30, SEPT. 30,
1996 1996 1996 1997 1997(1) 1997(1)
-------- --------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Revenues:
Software license and maintenance fees.......... $136 $ 315 $395 $ 396 $2,075 $ 1,938
Professional services--product related......... 120 146 181 329 224 435
Professional services--other................... 196 176 137 95 78 40
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Total revenues........................... 452 637 713 820 2,377 2,413
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues:
Software license and maintenance fees........ 31 63 110 48 281 333
Professional services--product related....... 55 80 124 211 202 382
Professional services--other................. 149 154 124 86 77 39
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Total cost of revenues................... 235 297 358 345 560 754
General and administrative..................... 30 57 111 243 364 420
Sales and marketing............................ 88 188 189 534 776 943
Research and development....................... 64 74 104 186 203 240
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Total operating expenses................. 417 616 762 1,308 1,903 2,357
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Income (loss) from operations.................... 35 21 (49) (488) 474 56
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Interest income (expense), net:
Interest expense............................. (19) (13) (4) (15) (9) (8)
Interest income.............................. 2 5 8 120 184 179
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Total interest income (expense), net..... (17) (8) 4 105 175 171
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Income (loss) before income taxes................ 18 13 (45) (383) 649 227
Provision for income taxes....................... -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Net income (loss)................................ $ 18 $ 13 $(45) $ (383) $ 649 $ 227
===== ===== ===== ====== ====== =======
AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL REVENUES:
Revenues:
Software license and maintenance fees.......... 30% 49% 56% 48% 87% 80%
Professional services--product related......... 27 23 25 40 10 18
Professional services--other................... 43 28 19 12 3 2
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Total revenues........................... 100 100 100 100 100 100
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues:
Software license and maintenance fees........ 7 10 15 6 12 14
Professional services--product related....... 12 13 17 26 8 16
Professional services--other................. 33 24 17 10 3 2
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Total cost of revenues................... 52 47 49 42 23 32
General and administrative..................... 7 9 16 30 15 17
Sales and marketing............................ 19 29 27 65 33 39
Research and development....................... 14 12 15 23 9 10
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Total operating expenses................. 92 97 107 160 80 98
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Income (loss) from operations.................... 8 3 (7) (60) 20 2
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Interest income (expense), net:
Interest expense............................. (4) (2) 0 (2) (1) 0
Interest income.............................. 0 1 1 15 8 7
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Total interest income (expense), net..... (4) (1) 1 13 7 7
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Income (loss) before income taxes................ 4 2 (6) (47) 27 9
Provision for income taxes....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0
----- ----- ----- ------ ------ -------
Net income (loss)................................ 4% 2% (6%) (47%) 27% 9%
===== ===== ===== ====== ====== =======
</TABLE>
- ---------
(1) See Note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements.
The Company has experienced, and expects to continue to experience,
significant fluctuations in its quarterly operating results. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be profitable in any particular quarter.
Quarterly operating results may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including
the budgeting and purchasing practices of the Company's customers, which affect
the volume and timing of product orders and solution engagements received by the
Company, the timing or the announcement and introduction of new products and
product enhancements by the Company and competitors, market acceptance of new
products, the mix of direct and indirect sales, the mix of license fee and
services revenues, the mix of maintenance, training and consulting services
within services revenues, the number and timing of new hires, the loss of any
key, sales, marketing or professional services personnel, the length of its
sales cycles, competitive conditions in the industry and general economic
conditions. The Company has historically recognized a significant portion
23
<PAGE> 25
of its revenues in the last month of a quarter, with these revenues frequently
concentrated in the last week of a quarter. As a result, license fee revenue in
any quarter is substantially dependent on orders booked and shipped in the last
month and last week of that quarter. Further, the Company's enterprise solutions
business is expected to be characterized by significant customer concentration
and relatively large projects. The Company operates with little or no backlog
and, as a result, the Company's revenues for a particular quarter are generally
dependent on orders received during that quarter, including large orders. The
failure to receive a large order in a given quarter could materially and
adversely affect the Company's operating results for that quarter. The Company's
expenses are based, in part, upon anticipated revenue levels and planned
projects and the Company may not be able to adjust spending in a timely manner
to compensate for any unexpected shortfall in revenues. Accordingly, the timing
of product shipments or achievement of specified performance milestones on
certain customer solution engagements could cause variations in operating
results from period to period and could result in quarterly losses if shipments
are not made or contract milestones are not achieved within the quarter
anticipated. Due to the foregoing factors, the Company believes that
quarter-to-quarter comparisons of its financial results are not necessarily
meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.
The Company has limited ability to forecast future revenues and it is likely
that in some future quarters the Company's operating results will be below the
expectations of securities analysts and investors. In the event that operating
results are below expectations, or in the event that adverse conditions prevail
or are perceived to prevail generally or with respect to the Company's business,
operating results or financial condition, the price of the Company's Common
Stock would likely be materially and adversely affected. See "Risk
Factors--Significant Fluctuations in Quarterly Operating Results" and "Risk
Factors--Limited Operating History; History of Net Operating Losses; Accumulated
Deficit."
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage
of total revenues represented by certain income and expense items.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS
FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH ENDED
31, SEPTEMBER 30,
-------------------------- ----------------
1995 1996 1997 1996 1997(1)
---- ---- ---- ---- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Software license and maintenance fees....... 50% 36% 48% 41% 84%
Professional services--product related...... 5 18 29 25 14
Professional services--other................ 45 46 23 34 2
--- --- --- --- ---
Total revenues...................... 100 100 100 100 100
--- --- --- --- ---
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenues:
Software license and maintenance fees.... 12 10 10 9 13
Professional services--product related... 1 6 17 12 12
Professional services--other............. 31 43 20 28 2
--- --- --- --- ---
Total cost of revenues.............. 44 59 47 49 27
General and administrative.................. 17 13 17 8 17
Sales and marketing......................... 30 23 38 25 36
Research and development.................... 52 33 16 13 9
--- --- --- --- ---
Total operating expenses............ 143 128 118 95 89
--- --- --- --- ---
Income (loss) from operations................. (43) (28) (18) 5 11
Interest income (expense), net................ (7) (5) 3 (2) 7
--- --- --- --- ---
Net income (loss)............................. (50%) (33%) (15%) 3% 18%
=== === === === ===
</TABLE>
- ---------
(1) See Note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements.
24
<PAGE> 26
COMPARISON OF SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1997 AND SEPTEMBER 30, 1996
References to the first six months of fiscal 1998 and the first six months
of fiscal 1997 refer to the six months ended September 30, 1997 and September
30, 1996, respectively.
Revenues. Total revenues for the first six months of fiscal 1998 were $4.8
million compared to $1.1 million for the first six months of fiscal 1997, an
increase of $3.7 million, or 336%. The increase in revenues resulted primarily
from increases in software license and maintenance fees, including approximately
$781,000 attributable to the revenue recognition of the non-recurring advance
royalty from VIASOFT. See "Business--Sales, Marketing, and Distribution" and
Note 7 to Financial Statements. The increase also resulted, to a lesser extent,
from increased professional services--product related revenues which was offset,
in substantial part, by a planned decrease in professional services--other
revenues.
Software license and maintenance fees were $4.0 million for the first six
months of fiscal 1998 compared to $451,000 for the first six months of fiscal
1997, an increase of $3.5 million or 776%. The increase in software license and
maintenance fees was attributable to increased demand for the Company's products
and solutions which resulted from (i) the Company's recent build-up of its sales
and marketing infrastructure to market its products and solutions directly to
end users, (ii) increased customer awareness of the year 2000 problem, and (iii)
expanded distribution of the Company's products and solutions through third
party service providers and its distributor. The increase also resulted from the
$781,000 non-recurring advance royalty from VIASOFT, compared to $12,000 of
revenues from VIASOFT in the first six months of fiscal 1997.
Professional services--product related revenues consist of consulting,
training and reengineering services fees related directly to product licenses
from the Company, primarily the Company's year 2000 products. Such revenues were
$659,000 for the first six months of fiscal 1998 compared to $266,000 for the
first six months of fiscal 1997, an increase of $393,000 or 148%. This increase
was primarily attributable to increased year 2000 assessment and remediation
services performed in the first six months of fiscal 1998.
Revenues from professional services--other consist of contract programming
fees for projects unrelated to the license of the Company's software products.
Such revenues were $118,000 for the first six months of fiscal 1998 compared to
$372,000 for the first six months of fiscal 1997, a decrease of $254,000 or 68%.
The Company has been re-directing its programming resources to meet increased
demand for its year 2000 products and services. As a result, revenues from
professional services--other have been steadily decreasing since the first
quarter of fiscal 1997, and this decrease is expected to continue.
Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues includes cost of software license and
maintenance fees, cost of professional services--product related, and cost of
professional services--other. Included in the cost of software license and
maintenance fees and cost of professional services--product related, are
royalties which the Company pays to Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation
of India, Ltd. ("ICICI") and to VIASOFT. See Note 7 to Financial Statements.
Through December 31, 1996, the Company also paid royalties to ERA. Such royalty
payments were eliminated effective January 1, 1997 by mutual agreement between
the Company and ERA.
The Company's total cost of revenues was $1.3 million for the first six
months of fiscal 1998, compared to $532,000 for the first six months of fiscal
1997, an increase of 144%. The increase was primarily attributable to the
additional costs of royalties and personnel required to provide customer support
and year 2000 services. Both the additional royalty and personnel costs will
directly related to increased revenues.
Cost of software license and maintenance fees includes the costs of
providing customer support, and the costs of media, manuals, duplication and
shipping related to sales of the Company's software products. Customer support
is primarily telephone support for customers who have purchased maintenance in
conjunction with software license purchases. Cost of software license and
maintenance fees was $614,000 for the first six months of fiscal 1998 compared
to $94,000 for the first six months of fiscal 1997, an increase of $520,000 or
553%. This increase was primarily attributable to increased royalty payments,
particularly royalties payable to ICICI. Royalty expense is calculated as a
percentage of revenues from sales of software products specified in the ICICI
and VIASOFT agreements. In addition, the Company incurred increased
25
<PAGE> 27
costs for customer support related to additional maintenance contracts entered
into in the first six months of fiscal 1998.
Professional services--product related costs consist primarily of
compensation and related benefits, and travel and equipment for Company
personnel responsible for providing consulting, training and reengineering
services to customers. Also included are the costs of temporary or
sub-contracted labor required on occasion to meet the demands for providing
services. Professional services--product related costs were $584,000 for the
first six months of fiscal 1998 compared to $135,000 for the first six months of
fiscal 1997, an increase of $449,000 or 333%. This increase was primarily
attributable to services related to increased purchases of the Company's Smart
Change Factory solution and increased year 2000 assessment and remediation
services performed in fiscal 1998. The Company has been developing its
professional services infrastructure to address increasing demand for its year
2000 products and solutions.
Professional services--other costs consist primarily of compensation and
related benefits for Company personnel engaged in providing contract programming
services for customers. Professional services--other costs were $116,000 for the
first six months of fiscal 1998 compared to $303,000 for the first six months of
fiscal 1997, a decrease of $187,000 or 62%. The decrease corresponds to the
decline in contract programming services provided during the first six months of
fiscal 1998.
Gross Margins. The Company's total gross margin (total revenues less total
cost of revenues) as a percentage of revenues was 73% in the first six months of
fiscal 1998 as compared to 51% in the first six months of fiscal 1997. The
increase in the total gross margin was primarily attributable to the increase in
software license and maintenance fees as a percentage of total revenue. Software
license and maintenance fees represented 84% of total revenue for the first six
months of fiscal 1998 compared to 41% for the first six months of fiscal 1997.
Software license and maintenance fees have higher gross margins than
professional service fees.
Gross margin percentages were 85% and 79% for software license and
maintenance fees, 11% and 49% for professional services--product related, and 2%
and 19% for professional services--other, for the first six months of fiscal
1998 and 1997, respectively. The increase in the gross margin percentage for
software license and maintenance fees was primarily attributable to the
discontinuation of the royalties payable to ERA, effective January 1, 1997.
Offsetting that impact, in part, was the Company's increased investment in
customer support in the first six months of fiscal 1998. Gross margin
percentages for software license and maintenance fees fluctuate depending on the
mix of software products and the royalty expenses associated with those
products.
The gross margin percentages for professional services--product related
vary depending on the type of services provided and the timing and amount of
costs incurred to build up the professional services infrastructure. Services
that have higher degrees of automation, such as year 2000 inventory and impact
assessments, typically require fewer professional hours to perform than services
involving planning, source code remediation or testing. Furthermore, the
Company's pricing for product related services varies based on the complexity
and scope of the engagement and competitive considerations. The professional
services-- product related gross margin percentage of 11% for the first six
months of fiscal 1998 reflected additional costs incurred for recruiting,
hiring, training and purchasing equipment for new professionals. The Company has
been building its professional services infrastructure, typically in advance of
contract signing and commencement of services, so that adequate resources are
available to meet the continuing demand for year 2000 products and solutions.
While these costs are likely to recur, the timing and amounts are expected to
fluctuate from period to period and will therefore have a varying impact on
gross margin percentages. Furthermore, the gross margin percentage of 49% in the
first six months of fiscal 1997 was higher due to a greater level of automated
services performed in the period.
The gross margin percentages for professional services--other fluctuate
based on the prices of the individual service contracts, the Company's payroll
and other costs of professional staff providing the services, and the
proportionate contribution of each contract to the total revenue for this
category during the period.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of
salaries, incentive compensation and related benefits of the Company's sales,
sales support, and marketing personnel, plus the costs of travel,
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advertising, and other promotional activities. Sales and marketing expenses were
$1.7 million for the first six months of fiscal 1998 compared to $276,000 for
the first six months of fiscal 1997, an increase of $1.4 million or 507%. This
increase was due primarily to the Company's decision to increase the direct
sales and marketing of its products and solutions to customers to address year
2000 revenue opportunities. Spending accelerated in the latter part of fiscal
1997 and continued through the first six months of 1998, as funds raised in the
Company's initial public offering were used to recruit and hire sales and sales
support personnel, to add domestic and international sales offices, and to
increase market awareness of the Company's products and solutions through
expanded advertising, participation in trade shows and conferences, and other
promotional activities.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses include
the costs of general management, finance, legal, accounting, office rent,
communications and other administrative functions of the Company. General and
administrative expenses were $784,000 for the first six months of fiscal 1998
compared to $87,000 for the first six months of fiscal 1997, an increase of
$697,000. The increase was due primarily to the Company's expanded operations
and costs associated with being a public company.
Research and Development. Total expenditures for research and development
were $443,000 for the first six months of fiscal 1998 compared to $138,000 for
the first six months of fiscal 1997, an increase of $305,000 or 221%.
Expenditures for research and development vary depending upon the number of
projects underway at any time, the size of the projects, their stage of
development and the in-house versus off-shore components of the project costs.
The Company utilizes the resources of ERA for certain research and development
activities. Furthermore, during the first six months of fiscal 1997, the Company
had temporarily redirected some research and development staff to meet the
increased demand for year 2000 services.
Interest Expense. Interest expense consists of accrued interest on
indebtedness and interest on accrued but unpaid royalties payable to ICICI.
Interest expense was $17,000 for the first six months of fiscal 1998 compared to
$31,000 for the first six months of fiscal 1997, a decrease of $14,000 or 45%.
Until July 1996, interest expense included interest on notes and advances
payable to certain directors and shareholders, and deferred salaries of two
officers and shareholders. These interest-bearing obligations were converted to
shares of the Company's Common Stock in July 1996. Six months of interest
expense on the Company's indebtedness to ICICI was included in the first six
months of fiscal 1997, but only three months of interest expense was included in
the first six months of fiscal 1998. The ICICI loan was paid in full on June 30,
1997.
Interest Income. Interest income was $363,000 in the first six months of
fiscal 1998, compared to $7,000 in the first six months of fiscal 1997, an
increase of $356,000. The increase was due primarily to interest earned on the
net proceeds from the Company's initial public offering in the fourth quarter of
fiscal 1997, which were invested in money market funds and high-grade bonds and
bond funds with average maturities of less than two years.
COMPARISON OF FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 1997 AND MARCH 31, 1996
Revenues. Total revenues were $2.6 million in fiscal 1997, an increase of
160% from $1.0 million in fiscal 1996. Software license and maintenance fees
were $1.2 million in fiscal 1997, an increase of 223% from $372,000 in fiscal
1996. The increase in software license and maintenance fees was attributable to
the Company's decision to market its products and solutions directly to end
users, and also to increased customer awareness of the year 2000 problem which
resulted in higher demand for the Company's year 2000 software products and
solutions. Software license and maintenance fees include sales through a
distributor of the Company's products. Distributor sales were $222,000 in fiscal
1997, compared to $38,000 in fiscal 1996. This increase was attributable to the
commencement of marketing of the Company's year 2000 products and solutions by
ERA in the third quarter of fiscal 1996. VIASOFT, the Company's only distributor
during the first two quarters of fiscal 1996, accounted for $16,000 and $21,000
of royalties in fiscal 1997 and 1996, respectively.
Professional services--product related revenues increased to $776,000 in
fiscal 1997 from $181,000 in fiscal 1996. This increase was primarily
attributable to increased customer awareness of the year 2000 problem and
acceptance of the Company's Smart Change Factory process and software products.
The number of
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customers for year 2000 services increased from four in fiscal 1996 to 23 in
fiscal 1997. Revenues from professional services--other were $605,000 in fiscal
1997, an increase of 27% from $476,000 in fiscal 1996. This increase was
attributable to increased demand for C++ and Windows programming services.
Cost of Revenues. The Company's total cost of revenue was $1.2 million in
fiscal 1997, an increase of 100% from $600,000 in fiscal 1996. Cost of software
license and maintenance fees increased 147%, from $102,000 in fiscal 1996 to
$252,000 in fiscal 1997. This increase was primarily attributable to increased
royalty expenses, in particular those payable to ICICI, ERA and VIASOFT.
Professional services--product related costs increased from $59,000 in fiscal
1996 to $470,000 in fiscal 1997, corresponding to the increase in revenues for
year 2000 services discussed above. Professional services--other costs increased
by 17%, from $439,000 in fiscal 1996 to $513,000 in fiscal 1997. The increases
in professional services--product related and professional services--other were
both due to the additional costs of professional staff required to provide the
services.
The Company's gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 53% in fiscal
1997 compared to 42% in fiscal 1996. Gross margin percentages were 80% and 73%
for software license and maintenance fees, 39% and 67% for professional
services--product related, and 15% and 8% for professional services--other,
respectively, for fiscal 1997 and fiscal 1996. The gross margin percentage for
software license and maintenance fees was favorably impacted by the elimination
of royalties paid to ERA on product revenues, effective January 1, 1997.
The gross margin percentage of 67% for professional services--product
related in fiscal 1996 was generated from $181,000 in revenues. In contrast, the
gross margin percentage of 39% in fiscal 1997 was generated from $776,000 in
revenues, and is more representative of the gross margin percentage for this
category of revenue since it reflects the experience of providing a wider range
of services over a larger number of engagements. The increase in gross margin
percentage for professional services--other to 15% in fiscal 1997 from 8% in
fiscal 1996 was due to an increased proportion of higher-margin contracts.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses were $999,000 in fiscal
1997, an increase of 321% from $237,000 in fiscal 1996. This increase was due
primarily to increased direct sales and marketing of the Company's products and
solutions to customers. Expenditures for sales and marketing began to increase
during fiscal 1997 when the Company decided to increase the direct sales and
marketing of its products and solutions to customers to address year 2000
revenue opportunities. Spending accelerated in the latter part of fiscal 1997,
as funds raised in the Company's initial public offering were used to recruit
and hire sales and sales support personnel, to add two sales offices, and to
increase market awareness of the Company through expanded advertising and
participation in trade shows and conferences.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses were
$442,000 in fiscal 1997, an increase of 211% from $142,000 in fiscal 1996. The
increase was due primarily to additional payroll, rent, insurance and
professional service costs, each reflective of the Company's growth.
Research and Development. Total expenditures for research and development
were $428,000 in fiscal 1997 as compared to $337,000 in fiscal 1996, an increase
of 27%. The increase was primarily attributable to the Company's development of
Smart Change 2000, and development of product extensions to cover additional
platforms, databases and languages.
Interest Expense. Interest expense was $50,000 in fiscal 1997, compared to
$75,000 in fiscal 1996. The expense in both periods included interest on various
obligations, including notes and advances payable to certain directors and
shareholders, and deferred salaries of two operating officers and shareholders.
Certain of the interest-bearing obligations were converted into shares of the
Company's Common Stock in July 1996, resulting in reduced interest expense for
the remainder of fiscal 1997.
Interest Income. Interest income was $135,000 in fiscal 1997, compared to
$20,000 in fiscal 1996. The increase was due primarily to interest earned on the
net proceeds received in January 1997 from the Company's initial public
offering, which were invested in money market funds and high-grade bonds and
bond funds with average maturities of less than two years.
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COMPARISON OF FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 1996 AND MARCH 31, 1995
Revenues. The Company's total revenues were $1.0 million in fiscal 1996
compared to $785,000 in fiscal 1995, an increase of 27%. This growth resulted
principally from an increase in professional services fees related to year 2000
solutions. Total software license and maintenance fees were $372,000 in fiscal
1996 compared to $393,000 in fiscal 1995, a decrease of 5%. The decrease
reflected the Company's decision to defer further development of its internal
sales infrastructure until VIASOFT's limited exclusive distribution rights
expired in May 1995, and the limited resources available to build additional
sales infrastructure. Total distributor royalties were $38,000 in fiscal 1996 as
compared to $81,000 in fiscal 1995, a decrease of 53%. Distributor royalties
included $21,000 and $81,000 in royalties from VIASOFT in fiscal 1996 and 1995,
respectively, and, during fiscal 1996, royalties from ERA's distribution
activities in India. The growth in distributor royalties was affected by
VIASOFT's limited exclusive distribution rights which restricted the Company
from appointing other distributors until May 1995. Since that time, the Company
has pursued a distribution strategy of licensing its software products to third
party service providers and to end user customers.
Product-related professional service fees were $181,000 in fiscal 1996
compared to $42,000 in fiscal 1995, an increase of 331%. This increase was
attributable to the Company's introduction of year 2000 solutions services and
the increase in the demand for these services. Other professional services
revenue was $476,000 in fiscal 1996 compared to $350,000 in fiscal 1995, an
increase of 36%. The increase was attributable to increased demand for C++ and
Windows programming services.
Cost of Revenues. The Company's total cost of revenues was $600,000 in
fiscal 1996 compared to $349,000 in fiscal 1995, an increase of $251,000 or 72%.
This increase was primarily attributable to the Company hiring additional
professional staff to meet the increased customer demand for services.
Cost of software license and maintenance fees was $102,000 in fiscal 1996,
an increase of 11% from $92,000 in fiscal 1995. The increase was due to
increased royalty costs and additional material costs related to software
license sales and maintenance. Professional services--product related costs and
expenses were $59,000 in fiscal 1996 compared to $14,000 in fiscal 1995, an
increase of 321%. This was due to the Company's hiring additional professional
staff to perform services. Professional services--other costs increased by
$196,000, or 81%, to $439,000 in fiscal 1996 from $243,000 in fiscal 1995. The
increase in costs was attributable to growth in the volume of services provided,
coupled with increases in personnel costs, including recruiting and placement
expenses.
The Company's gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 42% in fiscal
1996 compared to 56% in fiscal 1995. Gross margin percentages were 73% and 77%
for software license and maintenance fees, 67% and 67% for professional
services--product related, and 8% and 31% for professional services--other,
respectively, for fiscal 1996 and fiscal 1995. The decline in gross margin
percentage for software license and maintenance fees was attributable to the mix
of products sold and the varying royalty expenses associated with the various
products. The gross margin percentages for professional services--product
related were comparable in fiscal 1996 and fiscal 1995. The gross margin
percentage for professional services--other declined by 23% from fiscal 1995 to
fiscal 1996 as a result of the increased costs incurred in fiscal 1996 of hiring
and compensating qualified personnel.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses were $237,000 in fiscal
1996, approximately equal to expenses of $236,000 in fiscal 1995. These expenses
did not increase between fiscal 1995 and fiscal 1996 due to the Company's
decision not to develop its internal sales infrastructure during these periods.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses were
$142,000 in fiscal 1996 compared to $132,000 in fiscal 1995, an increase of 8%.
This increase was due primarily to additional costs for accounting services.
Research and Development. Total expenditures for research and development
were $337,000 in fiscal 1996 compared to $407,000 in fiscal 1995, a decrease of
17%. The decline was primarily attributable to the Company's completion of
development of many of its year 2000 products and the COBOL maintenance and
redevelopment products, and to the resulting temporary reallocation of personnel
to providing professional services.
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Interest Expense. Interest expense increased by 19%, to $75,000 in fiscal
1996 from $63,000 in fiscal 1995. The interest expense in fiscal 1996 and 1995
includes interest on various obligations, including indebtedness to ICICI, notes
and advances payable to certain directors and shareholders, and deferred
salaries of two officers. Such notes, advances and deferred salaries were
converted into shares of Common Stock during the second quarter of fiscal 1997.
See Notes 9, 10 and 11 of Notes to Financial Statements.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Prior to the Company's initial public offering of Common Stock in January
1997, the Company funded its operations and its product development from the
following principal sources: (i) proceeds from the sale of shares of Common
Stock, (ii) the ICICI grants and loan described below, (iii) payments received
from the sale of products and services, including $900,000 in advance royalties
from VIASOFT, (iv) proceeds from the issuance of subordinated and demand notes
and (v) deferral of payments of salaries to the Company's executive officers. As
of March 31, 1996, the Company had working capital of $128,000, total
liabilities of $2.1 million, and cash and cash equivalents of $111,000. However,
since March 31, 1996, $225,000 of the Company's 10% Subordinated Notes, $220,000
of unsecured notes and advances payable to certain directors and shareholders,
and $127,106 of deferred salaries payable to two officers, together with accrued
interest, were converted into 237,025 shares of Common Stock. In addition, since
March 31, 1996, the Company sold 211,425 shares of Common Stock in a private
placement for an aggregate of $747,440 and in the fourth quarter of fiscal 1997
sold 2,070,000 shares of Common Stock in an initial public offering, the net
proceeds of which were $13.0 million to the Company. As a result of these
transactions the Company's working capital, total liabilities and cash and
short-term investments at September 30, 1997 were $13.1 million, $2.4 million
and $11.4 million, respectively.
The Company's initial development of its COBOL maintenance products was
funded in part by grants totaling $255,000 from ICICI pursuant to a Cooperation
and Project Financing Agreement dated June 1, 1990 (the "Project Financing
Agreement") among ICICI, the Company and ERA. The Project Financing Agreement
requires the Company to pay royalties to ICICI equal to 10% of the Company's
gross revenues from product sales and 5% of gross revenues from maintenance and
services, up to a maximum royalty payment of $525,000. Through September 30,
1997, the Company paid royalties of approximately $106,000 to ICICI, and
$325,000 of royalties were accrued but unpaid at September 30, 1997. See Note 7
to Financial Statements.
During fiscal 1995, the Company funded its operations in part through a
$300,000 term loan from ICICI pursuant to a Term Loan Agreement between the
Company and ICICI dated May 3, 1994 (the "ICICI Loan Agreement"). The loan was
paid in full by the Company on June 30, 1997.
The Company's cash flows have been used primarily for general operating
expenses, equipment purchases and internal research and development funding. At
September 30, 1997 and September 30, 1996, the Company had cash, cash
equivalents, and temporary investments of $11.4 million and $822,000,
respectively. The Company had a net deferred tax asset at September 30, 1997 of
approximately $545,000, offset by a valuation allowance of the same amount since
the Company has not determined that it is more likely than not that it will be
realized.
The Company intends to use the net proceeds of this Offering to develop its
international sales and marketing efforts, expand its domestic sales and
marketing efforts, establish additional facilities, hire additional personnel,
increase research and development for its enterprise solutions, increase capital
expenditures and for working capital and other general corporate purposes. In
addition, the Company may use a portion of the net proceeds of this Offering to
develop or acquire businesses, products or technologies complementary to its
current business. The amounts actually expended for each such purpose may vary
significantly and are subject to change in the Company's discretion depending
upon certain factors, including economic or industry conditions, changes in the
competitive environment and strategic opportunities that may arise. Management
believes that cash flows from operations and the net proceeds of the Offering
will be sufficient to meet the Company's future cash flow needs for at least one
year following the Offering. In the
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longer term, the Company may require additional sources of capital to fund
future growth. Such sources of capital may include additional equity offerings
or debt financings.
IMPACT OF INFLATION
Increases in the inflation rate are not expected to affect the Company's
operating expenses. Although the Company has no current plans to borrow funds,
if it were to do so at variable interest rates, any increase in interest rates
would increase the Company's cost of borrowed funds.
SEASONALITY
The Company's operations are not affected by seasonal fluctuations,
although the Company's cash flows may at times be affected by fluctuations in
the timing of cash receipts from large contracts.
INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
No provision for income taxes was recorded for the six months ended
September 30, 1996 and 1997 as a result of the application of the Company's net
operating loss carryforwards. As of March 31, 1997, the Company had available
unused Federal and State net operating loss carryforwards that may be applied to
reduce future taxable income of approximately $1.9 million. The net operating
loss carryforwards expire at various times beginning with the fiscal year ending
March 31, 1998 and extending through the fiscal year ending March 31, 2012. If
an "ownership change" were to occur, within the meaning of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended, the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards
would be subject to an annual limitation. Generally, an "ownership change"
occurs with respect to a corporation if shareholders who own, directly or
indirectly, 5% or more of the capital stock of the corporation increase their
aggregate percentage ownership of such stock by more than 50% over the lowest
percentage of such stock owned by such shareholders at any time during a
prescribed testing period. If the annual limitation were to apply, the amount of
the limitation would equal the product of (i) the fair market value of the
Company's equity on the date of the ownership change, with certain adjustments,
including an adjustment to exclude capital contributions made in the two years
preceding the date of the ownership change and (ii) a long-term tax exempt bond
rate of return published monthly by the Internal Revenue Service. Should the
annual limitation apply, the Company believes that it would affect the timing of
the use of, but not the ultimate ability of the Company to use, the net
operating loss carryforwards to reduce future income tax liabilities.
OTHER
SFAS No. 128, "Earnings per Share," was issued in February 1997. The
Company will be required to adopt the new standard for interim and annual
periods beginning after December 15, 1997. Early adoption of this standard is
not permitted. The primary requirements of this standard are: (i) replacement of
primary earnings per share with basic earnings per share, which eliminates the
dilutive effect of options and warrants; (ii) use of an average share price in
applying the treasury method to compute dilution for options and warrants for
fully-diluted earnings per share and (iii) disclosure reconciling the numerator
and denominator of earnings per share calculations. The adoption of this
statement is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's
financial statements.
SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income," establishes standards for
reporting and display of comprehensive income, its components and accumulated
balances. Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity
except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.
Among other disclosures, SFAS No. 130 requires that all items that are required
to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of
comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with
the same prominence as other financial statements. SFAS No. 130 is effective for
financial statements for periods beginning after December 15, 1997 and requires
comparative information for earlier years to be restated. Because of the recent
issuance of this standard, management has been unable to fully evaluate the
impact, if any, the standard may have on future financial statement disclosures.
Results of operations and financial position, however, will be unaffected by
implementation of this standard.
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SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related
Information," establishes standards for the way that public companies report
selected information about operating segments in annual financial statements and
requires reporting selected information about operating segments in interim
financial statements issued to the public. It also establishes standards for
disclosures regarding products and services, geographic areas, and major
customers. SFAS No. 131 defines operating segments as components of a company
about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated
regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate
resources and in assessing performance. SFAS No. 131 is effective for financial
statements for periods beginning after December 15, 1997 and requires
comparative information for earlier years to be restated. Because of the recent
issuance of this standard, management has been unable to fully evaluate the
impact, if any, the standard may have on future financial statement disclosures.
Results of operations and financial position, however, will be unaffected by
implementation of this standard.
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BUSINESS
GENERAL
SEEC develops, markets and provides integrated and comprehensive enterprise
solutions that enable large organizations and third party service providers to
efficiently and effectively maintain and redevelop legacy system applications
and databases. The Company's enterprise solutions utilize a suite of software
products and well-defined, repeatable methodologies that are designed to
automate various functions and improve the quality, productivity and
effectiveness of the maintenance and redevelopment process. SEEC's enterprise
solutions address the year 2000 problem and are being developed and enhanced to
address client/server migration. SEEC introduced its core source code analysis
technology and the first PC-based maintenance and redevelopment software product
in 1992.
The Company's software products, including those based on the Company's
core source code analysis technology, automate many of the procedures required
for maintaining and redeveloping mainframe-based legacy software systems,
including year 2000 conversion. The Company's products analyze and modify source
code, which is downloaded from the mainframe to a PC-based environment where it
is stored in application dictionaries for performance of maintenance and
redevelopment functions. SEEC has also developed software products that enable
customers to extract business rules and functions from legacy applications for
reuse in object-oriented client/server environments. SEEC believes that its core
technology and methodologies will be adaptable for use in developing enterprise
solutions for integration of mainframe-based legacy systems with ERP, data
warehousing, and data mining applications. SEEC markets and sells its enterprise
solutions and products primarily to Fortune 1000 companies and similarly-sized
business and governmental organizations. SEEC also licenses its products to
third party service providers.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
Organizations are under increasing pressure to utilize efficiently and
effectively their information technology ("IT") assets to respond to increasing
global competitive demands. For many business organizations, these IT assets are
critical to their operation and represent a key competitive advantage. Most
large organizations utilize complex, proprietary mainframe computer systems for
their information requirements. These legacy systems contain the core business
rules, processes and data that support the mission critical operations of these
organizations. Many organizations have made significant investments in their
legacy systems over a number of years. Industry sources estimate that there are
more than 45,000 mainframe sites and 150 billion lines of COBOL code in use
worldwide.
Legacy System Maintenance and Redevelopment
Organizations that rely on legacy systems must continually maintain and
redevelop their systems, applications and databases to meet constantly changing
information requirements and to incorporate technological advances. Many legacy
system applications have been developed internally by these organizations over a
number of years and have been customized to meet specific needs. In addition,
legacy systems often are composed of a variety of hardware platforms, software
applications and databases, many of which utilize different computer languages.
As a result, legacy systems often are highly complex, have little or no
system-wide documentation, and are difficult and expensive to maintain.
According to the Gartner Group, between 60% to 80% of the average annual IT
application development budget is spent on the maintenance of legacy
applications. Legacy system maintenance and redevelopment requirements limit the
availability of resources for other important tasks, such as developing new
software applications.
The majority of legacy system maintenance and redevelopment involves a
large number of incremental or smaller scale repairs or enhancements to existing
systems, such as an enhancement to a billing system to include additional
customer data. Certain maintenance and redevelopment projects, however, are
large-scale in nature and can require analysis, remediation and testing of
millions of lines of code. An immediate large-scale maintenance requirement is
caused by the year 2000 problem. Examples of additional large scale legacy
maintenance and redevelopment needs include the planned adoption of a single
currency within the European Union, the combination of existing legacy systems
as the result of a merger or acquisition, or the
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conversion to a new COBOL dialect due to a system upgrade or hardware platform
change. Traditional maintenance and redevelopment of these legacy systems is
often manual, time consuming, tedious and error-prone. Many organizations are
attempting to improve the maintenance and redevelopment process in order to
reduce costs, improve productivity and accuracy and leverage existing legacy
system investments.
Year 2000 Conversion
The year 2000 problem is currently the most critical legacy system
maintenance and redevelopment project for many organizations. Awareness and
recognition of the year 2000 problem has been increasing rapidly as the
millennium approaches. The year 2000 problem relates to the inability of many
existing computer systems to process completely or accurately information or
logic involving the year 2000 and beyond. The problem results from the use of
two-digit date fields to perform computations and decision-making functions in
most legacy systems. For example, a program using a two-digit date field may
misinterpret "00" as the year 1900 rather than 2000. Date dependent programs are
ubiquitous in legacy software applications used in many critical business
operations, and unless these programs are remediated to address the year 2000
problem, many mission critical programs may fail or produce erroneous data or
results. The year 2000 problem is particularly acute for many large
organizations with extensive legacy systems that have been developed over a
number of years, such as banks, insurance companies and governmental agencies.
One industry source estimates that the overall cost of solving the year
2000 problem worldwide will be in the range of $300 billion to $600 billion.
Another industry source estimates that total spending on the year 2000 problem
will be more than $115 billion in the United States, of which more than $11
billion will be spent on software products. Due to a wide variety of technical
complexities, there is no known simple solution to the year 2000 problem.
Resolution of the year 2000 problem typically requires modification of many
diverse software components, including programs, job control languages, query
languages, screens and mapping, databases and utilities. The detailed
assessment, planning, remediation and testing process of a year 2000 conversion
project is repetitive, labor intensive and error-prone, particularly if
performed manually on a line-by-line basis. In addition, each hardware operating
platform has its own unique set of software components and typically encompasses
multiple languages and interfaces between various applications. The difficulty
in addressing the year 2000 problem is compounded by the fact that many
organizations and third party service providers have only a limited number of
individuals with the project management and technical expertise to conduct a
year 2000 conversion project. Given the size, scope and technical complexity of
the year 2000 problem, many organizations have concluded that they will be
unable to address year 2000 conversion requirements in a timely manner utilizing
existing internal resources and traditional maintenance and redevelopment
methodologies. Many organizations may also find it difficult to outsource year
2000 conversion projects, since many third party service providers are facing
similar resource constraints. These organizations are seeking solutions that can
be used internally or by third party service providers to increase efficiencies
and reduce the expense of a year 2000 conversion project.
Client/Server Migration
Many organizations are migrating existing legacy systems to client/server
systems. Client/server systems provide several benefits over mainframe systems,
including ease of use, flexibility in creating new applications, and the ability
to access data from a variety of databases and present that data in various
formats. Industry sources indicate that the client/server migration process
tends to be a gradual process that takes place over a long period of time,
requiring that existing legacy systems be retained. As a result, organizations
are required to integrate client/server systems with existing legacy systems and
are faced with additional maintenance and redevelopment requirements on the
integrated system. When implementing client/server migration projects,
organizations can replace or reuse existing legacy system applications.
Replacement of existing legacy applications can involve either purchasing or
customizing "off-the-shelf" software packages or rewriting legacy code into new
software code that will operate in a client/server environment. The reuse of
existing legacy software code involves the extraction of existing business rules
and functions from legacy software applications which can be converted into
objects to be utilized in a client/server environment.
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The growing availability and functionality of client/server-based applications
are increasing the rate of client/server migration. ERP applications often must
be integrated with existing legacy systems to access certain programs and data
contained on these legacy systems. There is an increasing need to integrate
client/server based data warehousing and data mining systems with key business
data developed and maintained on legacy systems since much of the data managed
and analyzed by data warehousing and data mining applications has been developed
and stored on mainframe legacy systems and is impacted by legacy applications.
Accordingly, many organizations are seeking solutions that leverage investments
in existing legacy systems and provide efficient and cost-effective
client/server migration.
THE SEEC SOLUTION
SEEC develops, markets and provides integrated and comprehensive enterprise
solutions that enable large organizations and third party service providers to
efficiently and effectively maintain and redevelop legacy systems applications
and databases. SEEC believes that its enterprise solutions offer the following
significant benefits to customers:
Integrated and Comprehensive Enterprise Solutions. SEEC's enterprise
solutions combine highly automated software products with robust, proven
methodologies that provide customers with an integrated and comprehensive
solution to address a particular maintenance and redevelopment need. For
example, SEEC's Smart Change Factory solution for the year 2000 combines the
Company's software products, third party software products, well-defined
methodologies, and related services to address the impact assessment, planning,
remediation and testing phases of a year 2000 project. In addition, SEEC's
enterprise solutions support a broad range of platforms, languages and
databases. For example, SEEC's year 2000 enterprise solution supports a majority
of the COBOL programming language dialects and numerous database packages on the
IBM MVS and VSE, Unisys A-Series and DEC/VAX platforms. As a result, the
Company's customers can obtain from a single source many or all of the required
software products and methodologies necessary to efficiently complete a year
2000 conversion project or other legacy system maintenance and redevelopment
projects.
Cost Effective Solutions for Customers. SEEC's enterprise solutions have
been developed to be cost effective for customers. SEEC's solutions have been
designed to analyze and identify accurately a customer's application source code
to determine the optimal maintenance and redevelopment solution, thereby
minimizing the total lines of source code affected by a maintenance and
redevelopment project. As a result, assessment, remediation and testing costs
are reduced. SEEC's software products greatly reduce the level of manual effort
required by a maintenance and redevelopment project by automating certain
portions of the process and providing system documentation and understanding,
which reduce labor costs. SEEC's PC-based software products also are easy to use
and learn, which reduces training costs and enhances the efficiency of the
maintenance and redevelopment process, particularly when compared to
mainframe-based products.
Solution Flexibility and Scalability. The Company's enterprise solutions
are designed to provide a high degree of flexibility to customers. Customers can
utilize SEEC's enterprise solutions in-house, or outsource all or a portion of
their maintenance and redevelopment needs to third party service providers.
Since SEEC's products are sold in a modular fashion and utilize the same core
technology, end users can select the configuration of SEEC's software products
that addresses a specific need. For example, customers can purchase any
combination of COBOL Analyst 2000, Smart Change 2000, or COBOL Slicer or other
products available from SEEC for the assessment, remediation and test planning
phases, respectively, of a year 2000 project. The scalability features of SEEC's
enterprise solutions are attractive to customers given the limited time
available to address the year 2000 problem. Since the Company's solutions are
PC-based and easy to implement, use and learn, customers can easily expand the
number of software licenses, personnel and hardware required to address
maintenance and redevelopment needs. The scalability of SEEC's enterprise
solutions may be particularly attractive to third party service providers that
provide solutions on a large scale to many customers and may need to rapidly
expand services to meet customer demand.
Solutions that Support Future Maintenance and Redevelopment Needs. SEEC's
core technology facilitates legacy system documentation and understanding by
creating a repository of source code that can be
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utilized continually for maintenance and redevelopment tasks. This documentation
and repository can be used by certain of SEEC's other software products to
perform future maintenance and redevelopment tasks, since these products share
the same core technology. The Company's software products also provide
documentation of maintenance and redevelopment procedures that have been
performed on legacy code, which allows end users to review, audit and verify any
source code changes and intervene to modify these changes when necessary. SEEC
plans to continue to develop new enterprise solutions with software products
that utilize the Company's core technology so that its customers may leverage
prior investments in system maintenance and redevelopment.
SEEC'S STRATEGY
SEEC's objective is to become a leading provider of enterprise solutions
for maintenance and redevelopment of legacy systems. The following are the
principal elements of the Company's strategy to achieve this objective:
Enhance and Expand Leadership in Enterprise Solutions. SEEC intends to
continue to enhance its existing enterprise solutions, such as the Smart Change
Factory for the year 2000, and to expand its offering of enterprise solutions.
The Company intends to continue to enhance its core source code analysis
technology, solution methodologies, and software products to provide additional
automation, functionality and cost savings to its customers. SEEC's core source
code analysis technology allows the Company to efficiently introduce new
software products that can be integrated with new or existing enterprise
solutions. The Company intends to enhance or develop solutions to address
additional legacy system maintenance and redevelopment opportunities including
client/server migration and the legacy system redevelopment required to address
the introduction of the European Monetary Unit.
Capitalize on the Year 2000 Opportunity. The Company currently is focusing
much of its efforts on addressing the significant near-term market opportunity
presented by the demand for year 2000 solutions. The Company intends to
capitalize on this opportunity by (i) continuing to enhance its year 2000
enterprise solution, (ii) establishing new relationships with, and licensing
additional products to, third party service providers, and (iii) expanding its
direct sales force, marketing efforts, and indirect distribution channels, both
domestically and internationally.
Leverage Customer Base. Many of the Company's customers have only recently
commenced the evaluation of their year 2000 problem or are engaged in year 2000
assessment and planning. The Company intends to continue to license its products
and sell its enterprise solutions to these customers. The Company also will seek
to leverage its year 2000 customer base by providing additional products and
solutions to such customers. SEEC believes that the knowledge and close working
relationship it develops with its new and existing customers in providing
enterprise solutions for the year 2000 problem will lead to opportunities to
provide additional enterprise solutions to these customers. In particular, the
Company's existing legacy system maintenance and redevelopment solutions and the
client/server migration solutions that the Company is developing or plans to
develop will be marketed to its year 2000 customers.
Provide Solutions with Broad Market Appeal. SEEC's enterprise solutions
have been developed to be cost effective, flexible and scalable. As a result,
SEEC's enterprise solutions appeal to a wide range of Fortune 1000 organizations
with a variety of maintenance and redevelopment requirements and to a broad
range of third party service providers. SEEC intends to capitalize on these
opportunities by marketing and selling its products through a broad range of
distribution channels, including direct sales to end users, to end-users in
conjunction with third party service providers, to third-party service providers
and indirect sales through distributors.
SEEC ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS
SEEC's enterprise solutions provide an integrated and comprehensive
approach to legacy system maintenance and redevelopment by combining SEEC's
PC-based software products with well-defined methodologies that enable
organizations to analyze, understand and improve existing legacy systems. SEEC's
enterprise solutions are designed to reduce the time and labor required to
perform legacy system maintenance
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and redevelopment projects. SEEC's enterprise solutions are provided directly to
end user customers or to third party service providers. In addition, customers
may outsource certain enterprise solution needs to the Company on a limited
basis. The Company's enterprise solutions have been utilized by a broad range of
customers in a number of industries to perform legacy system maintenance and
redevelopment functions. Due to the immediate and significant focus by
organizations on the year 2000 problem and SEEC's desire to capitalize on the
year 2000 opportunity, substantially all of the Company's revenues are currently
being generated by sales of SEEC's legacy system maintenance and redevelopment
solutions that are related to the year 2000 problem. These solutions incorporate
SEEC's core technology and could be utilized by SEEC's customers for future
ongoing and additional maintenance and redevelopment tasks thereby producing
future revenues for SEEC that are unrelated to the year 2000 problem.
Year 2000 Enterprise Solution
SEEC provides year 2000 conversion solutions through its Smart Change
Factory. The Smart Change Factory combines SEEC's proprietary software
products, including COBOL Analyst 2000, Smart Change 2000 and COBOL Slicer with
well defined methodologies and third party software products to provide a
comprehensive and integrated solution for year 2000 conversion. The Smart Change
Factory is designed to address all phases of a year 2000 project, including
assessment, planning, remediation and testing. The Smart Change Factory is
designed to accurately analyze and determine which applications require
remediation and automates certain portions of the analysis and remediation
process. The Smart Change Factory can be established by an end user customer, a
third party service provider, or by SEEC to perform outsourcing services. As a
result, the Smart Change Factory provides for efficient utilization of existing
customer IT resources by allowing a year 2000 project to be performed either
in-house by an end user or partially or completely outsourced to a third party
service provider. Currently, 14 third party service providers have licensed all
or a portion of SEEC's Smart Change Factory for use in their year 2000
conversion projects.
The Smart Change Factory is designed to be highly scalable by utilizing
well-defined, repeatable and reliable processes. In addition, since SEEC's
solutions are PC-based and easy to implement, use and learn, additional
hardware, software and technical personnel resources can be added quickly and
cost-effectively to meet expanding customer needs. The scalability features of
the Smart Change Factory are particularly attractive to third party service
providers, who are performing year 2000 conversions on a large scale for a
number of customers and may need to rapidly expand their services to meet
customer demand.
A year 2000 conversion process consists of four phases: (i) inventory and
impact assessment, (ii) planning, (iii) source remediation and (iv) testing. The
following chart demonstrates the utilization of SEEC software products in each
phase of a year 2000 conversion project:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ASSESSMENT PLANNING REMEDIATION TESTING
- ------------------------ -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
COBOL Analyst 2000 COBOL Analyst 2000 COBOL Analyst 2000 COBOL Analyst 2000
Natural Analyst 2000 Date Analyzer Smart Change 2000 COBOL Slicer
Date Analyzer
</TABLE>
Inventory and Impact Assessment Phase. This phase involves a comprehensive
evaluation of a legacy system assisted by SEEC's software products to identify
the applications, programs, files, databases and external interfaces that are or
may be affected by the use of two digit date fields. An assessment is then made
of potential program or system failures that may occur, the programs that must
be corrected, and the cost and timing of implementing required corrections. The
information developed in this phase is then used to create a set of technical
reports identifying in detail affected programs, data items, logic statements
and a preliminary estimate of remediation and testing budgets.
Planning Phase. The planning phase involves analysis of the data generated
in the impact assessment phase in order to generate a comprehensive plan for
implementation of the remediation and testing phases. This phase is critical to
developing an efficient remediation and test phase plan to minimize expenses and
efficiently utilize existing information technology resources. Under the Smart
Change Factory approach, the Company's software products are utilized to assist
in determining the most appropriate year 2000 remediation
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approach, including program logic changes or date field expansion. In the
planning phase, a determination is made whether particular programs should be
phased out, replaced, redeveloped or remediated.
Remediation Phase. This phase involves implementation of the steps
determined in the planning phase to remediate affected source code and data. In
the Smart Change Factory, this phase consists of an assembly line approach
utilizing well-defined and repeatable methodologies. The Company's software
products are utilized to assist in implementing program logic changes or date
field expansion where appropriate. The combination of the Smart Change Factory
approach and the Company's software products significantly reduces the effort
required in the remediation process compared to manual remediation methods. The
Smart Change Factory approach also allows for ongoing verification, intervention
and audit capabilities, which provide significant flexibility to end users
during the remediation process and when performing future maintenance and
redevelopment functions.
Testing Phase. All remediated and functionally related applications must
be tested to ensure proper functionality. The Smart Change Factory, assisted by
the Company's software products, identifies affected programs requiring testing
and assists in generating test cases to ensure that remediated applications
function accurately. The Company plans to integrate its software products with
third party software products to further enhance the testing phase of the Smart
Change Factory.
Legacy System Maintenance and Redevelopment
SEEC's legacy system maintenance and redevelopment enterprise solutions
offer an integrated set of software products and repeatable processes that
provide for the ongoing, day-to-day maintenance and redevelopment needs of
legacy system customers. SEEC's solutions provide system documentation and
understanding of existing business rules, program logic and data structures to
assist in improving, updating, enhancing and redeveloping existing legacy
systems and integrating new technologies. The Company intends to develop
additional legacy system maintenance and redevelopment solutions that utilize
its core source code analysis technology and methodologies to address other
specific large scale maintenance and redevelopment needs, such as the legacy
system redevelopment required to address the proposed introduction of the
European Monetary Unit.
Client/Server Migration
SEEC is developing enterprise solutions for use in client/server migration.
SEEC's existing software product technology provides the ability to extract
business rules for reuse in an object-oriented, client/server environment, which
avoids the costly recreation of these rules when migrating a legacy application
to a client/server system. SEEC's existing software product technology also
provides legacy system documentation and understanding, which increases the
efficiency of replacing or integrating legacy systems with client/server
systems. The Company plans to enhance or develop methodologies and software
products that will integrate client/server systems with existing legacy systems.
The Company has developed methodologies for client/server migration solutions,
although none of these solutions have been sold to date. There can be no
assurance that the Company's client/server migration solutions will compete
successfully with those of other providers, or, even if successful, that the
number and size of these types of solution offerings will be material to the
overall operations of the Company.
SEEC SOFTWARE PRODUCTS
SEEC offers a range of proprietary software products for legacy system
maintenance and redevelopment that are integrated with the Company's enterprise
solutions or provided to customers as stand-alone products. The Company's
primary software product line is based on its core source code analysis
technology introduced with the COBOL Analyst product in 1992, and provides a
broad range of capabilities to address various legacy system maintenance and
redevelopment needs. The Company's products have been designed to be easy to use
and learn, allowing customers to rapidly train technical personnel and reduce
training costs. SEEC's products operate in a PC-based environment and are
available in versions for Windows 3.1, OS/2, Windows 95 and
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Windows NT. SEEC's software products can be purchased in various combinations or
can function as stand-alone products, allowing customers to meet specific
maintenance and redevelopment needs.
The Company's primary software products analyze and modify mainframe source
code that is downloaded to a PC-based environment and stored in an application
dictionary for the performance of maintenance and redevelopment functions. The
application dictionary contains all of the key design elements of a legacy
application, including source code, database definitions, screen definitions and
job control language. The Company's software utilizes proprietary parsing, data
flow and program slicing technology to create the relationships between
databases and source code which enables the documentation and understanding of a
legacy COBOL system. Information about the flow of control among programs is
also stored in the application dictionary, providing further system
understanding by enabling users to group items by business function. The
Company's software utilizes proprietary text scanning technology to identify
date fields and the impacted lines of code for a wide variety of non-COBOL
languages.
SEEC's core source code analysis technology has been designed to allow for
the integration and efficient development of additional software application
modules to meet evolving legacy system maintenance and redevelopment needs. In
addition, the application dictionary created by SEEC's core technology can be
accessed to perform future maintenance and redevelopment functions, providing
additional benefit to the customer. For example, an application dictionary
created for a year 2000 conversion can be accessed for other ongoing maintenance
and redevelopment needs.
As indicated by the following chart, the software products incorporated in
SEEC's year 2000 and legacy system maintenance and redevelopment enterprise
solutions support analysis, remediation and test planning across a wide range of
platforms, languages and databases, including both COBOL and non-COBOL systems:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DATABASES/
TELEPROCESSING
PLATFORMS MONITORS LANGUAGES
- --------------- ------------ --------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
IBM MVS IMS INTELLIGENT PARSING TECHNOLOGY
IBM VSE DB2 IBM OS/VS COBOL IBM COBOL 2
Unisys A-Series VSAM IBM DOS/VSE COBOL Unisys A-Series COBOL
DEC/VAX IDMS IBM COBOL 370 MicroFocus COBOL
HP 3000 ADABAS CA-Realia COBOL DEC/VAX COBOL
CICS HP COBOL Software AG Natural
IMS/DC
RULE-BASED TEXT SCANNING TECHNOLOGY
ADS/O Assembler
CSP Easytrieve
Easytrieve Plus Focus
Fortran Mantis
LINC II PL/1
Quickjob RPG
SAS TBOL
Telon
</TABLE>
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The following diagram illustrates SEEC's products and product architecture:
[PRODUCT DIAGRAM]
The following software products utilize the Company's core source code
analysis technology:
SEEC COBOL Analyst. COBOL Analyst is an application maintenance and
redevelopment software product that is used for performing system-wide change
impact analysis, for documentation and for enhancing program and system
understanding. Organizations use COBOL Analyst for on-going legacy system
maintenance and redevelopment needs or for rewriting legacy system applications
in a client/server architecture. COBOL Analyst includes several features that
facilitate maintenance and redevelopment tasks, including features that (i)
guide programmers through multiple execution scenarios and record traversed
paths for future analysis and follow-up, (ii) detect and identify redundant data
across programs, screens, files and databases, (iii) load and analyze data
definitions and the structured query language embedded within a program and
provide drill-down capability to permit analysis of design details, and (iv)
permit users to export system-level cross reference information into a
relational database, to enable customized analysis and reporting.
SEEC COBOL Analyst 2000. COBOL Analyst 2000 is an enhanced version of COBOL
Analyst that contains all the capabilities of COBOL Analyst, as well as several
additional features that enable accurate identification of date fields in COBOL
programs, databases and screens. COBOL Analyst 2000 assists in all phases of
year 2000 conversion projects. COBOL Analyst 2000 generates impact analysis
reports and provides a cost model for estimating time, labor and conversion
requirements. COBOL Analyst 2000 supports IMS, DB2 and VSAM databases and the
Company believes it is the only product of its type with support for ADABAS and
CA-IDMS databases. COBOL Analyst 2000 includes a feature to scan for date
patterns in order to locate date items and a synonym processing feature to
identify indirect references to date items.
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SEEC Smart Change 2000. Smart Change 2000 employs SEEC's extensive
knowledge base of commonly-used date rules to identify the items and statements
affected by the year 2000, and uses an expert system to select the appropriate
rule to be applied. Smart Change 2000 enables users to customize data logic
rules to meet specific requirements. Smart Change 2000 modifies the affected
date-related code, replacing it with year 2000 compliant code. All original
source code remains intact and Smart Change 2000 changes are identified by tags
that mark the renovated code and explain why a correction was made. This type of
documentation allows developers to audit and verify changes made, and intervene
where necessary to perform manual code changes. This documentation also eases
the task of future maintenance and redevelopment on impacted code.
SEEC COBOL Slicer. COBOL Slicer, which is derived from the Company's core
source code analysis technology, uses "program slicing" technology to increase
application redevelopment productivity by providing understanding of business
rules embedded in legacy applications. COBOL Slicer allows customers to
understand the program, data structure and input/output screens of an
application. Business rules can then be identified by locating appropriate
slicing criteria and understanding the code slice, control flow and the logical
data model. COBOL Slicer also is being used for test planning, including test
planning for year 2000 problems. The test case generation option enables COBOL
Slicer to identify all of the application paths that need to be tested as a
result of changes made for the year 2000 problem.
In order to address other legacy system maintenance and redevelopment
needs, SEEC also has developed other software products that are based on
technology other than the Company's core source code analysis technology:
SEEC Natural Analyst 2000. Natural Analyst 2000 is a stand-alone software
product that parses and examines Natural/ADABAS applications in order to
efficiently and accurately identify date fields, maps and database descriptions.
Natural Analyst 2000 generates comprehensive year 2000 reports following
application analysis.
SEEC Object Designer. Object Designer is a stand-alone product that also
can interface with the Company's core source code analysis technology. Object
Designer utilizes an object modeling technique to represent the business model
and generate the database design for relational databases such as Oracle and
Sybase. Object Designer allows the user to generate objects which are reusable
by applications in PC-based visual languages such as Microsoft's Visual Basic
and Sybase's Power Builder. The object model can be populated by mapping objects
to entities in the legacy application using the application dictionary. Object
Designer may be utilized in conjunction with COBOL Analyst and COBOL Slicer
and/or third party software tools to extract business rules to build reusable
objects for client/server migration. This product currently is under development
and has not been marketed or sold to date.
SEEC Date Analyzer. Date Analyzer is a stand-alone product that uses
text-scanning technology to provide year 2000 impact analysis for non-COBOL
applications. Date Analyzer examines the various programs or source files across
languages using a pattern-matching process, and then analyzes the language rules
to detect the items and statements which are potentially affected by the year
2000. Date Analyzer utilizes pre-defined language rules that enable it to
address different languages. Date Analyzer produces comprehensive reports and
helps produce a set of metrics used to create a cost estimation model for
non-COBOL source programs.
TRAINING, CONSULTING AND YEAR 2000 SERVICES
The Company provides a variety of training and consulting services to its
customers for its enterprise solutions and software products. SEEC offers user
training at its own facilities or at a customer site. SEEC provides consulting
expertise in its software products, methodologies and project management. These
services enable SEEC's customers to tailor SEEC's enterprise solutions to fit
individual requirements, including setting up a Smart Change Factory at a
customer site or at a third party service provider. SEEC also operates Smart
Change Factories at customer sites or at its Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
headquarters on a limited basis. SEEC also will undertake assessment and
remediation projects, on a limited basis, at its headquarters.
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PRICING OF PRODUCTS AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
SEEC's software products are typically licensed to customers. End user
license agreements generally limit the use of products to a fixed number of
users. On average, the license fee to an end user for SEEC's suite of software
products ranges from $100,000 to $500,000, depending on the number of users,
platforms, languages and databases that must be supported.
Product pricing for third party service providers, who typically have
established "factories" for year 2000 conversions for multiple customers, is
based on a line of code ("LOC") usage fee. Third party service providers
generally make a minimum initial purchase to set up a Smart Change Factory.
Additional fees paid by third party service providers vary based on the LOC
volume processed through the factory utilizing SEEC's software products and
enterprise solutions. The volume of LOC processed is monitored by the Company
through the use of programmed hardware keys that attach to the factory
computers. Recurring maintenance fees are charged both to end user customers and
third party service providers based on the applicable list prices for the
software.
The Company offers on-site training and consulting services on a time and
materials basis. From time to time, the Company offers year 2000 assessment and
remediation solutions on a fixed-price basis, rather than on a time and
materials basis. These contracts are typically terminable by either party upon
written notice. Although the Company uses its past experiences to reduce the
risks associated with estimating, planning and performing fixed-price projects,
the Company has a limited history of such projects on which to make such
estimates. The Company's failure to estimate accurately the resources, costs and
time required for a project or its failure to complete its contractual
obligations within the time frame committed could result in cost overruns and
reduced margins and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, operating results and financial condition.
CUSTOMER AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT
SEEC offers maintenance for each of its products, which entitles the
customer to receive technical support and advice, including problem resolution
services, installation assistance, error corrections and any product
enhancements released during the maintenance period. SEEC's standard license
agreement does not require SEEC to provide maintenance for any period of time
and does not provide express or implied warranties for SEEC's product software.
Maintenance and support services are provided primarily by telephone or e-mail
from SEEC's Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania headquarters. Support for SEEC's European
customers is provided by SEEC's London, England office, and support for SEEC's
Asian customers is provided through arrangements between SEEC and ERA. As of
September 30, 1997, SEEC had a total of five employees in the United States and
two employees in Europe providing customer and technical support services.
CUSTOMERS
SEEC's products and services are used by information systems departments of
Fortune 1000 companies, and similarly-sized business and governmental
organizations and by third party service providers.
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Following is a partial list of customers and service providers that have
purchased products and/or services from SEEC:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUSTOMERS SERVICE PROVIDERS
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Aluminum Company of America Mack Trucks, Inc. Complete Business
American Savings Bank Michigan Department of State Solutions, Inc.
Anthem Insurance Companies, Inc. Northern Illinois Gas Company Coopers & Lybrand LLP
Banc One Services Corporation Olin Corporation CyberTech International
Bank of New York Rockwell International Corporation Corporation
Dun & Bradstreet Europe Ltd. Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Inc. IBM Global Services
Firstar Information Services Sallie Mae, Inc. Intersolv, Inc.
Corporation University of Pittsburgh IMI Systems, Inc.
Foremost Insurance Company USA Group, Inc. Patni Computer Systems
(through IBM's Integrated Systems Weirton Steel Corporation Private Limited
and Solutions Corp.) Wells Fargo Bank Quasar Professionals
Harris Trust and Savings Bank Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Satyam Computer Services
Hudson's Bay Company Corporation Limited
Human Resources Administration- Silverline Industries, Inc.
The City of New York Synapse Computer Services,
Human Resources Department-Canada Inc.
Tata Infotech Limited
UII Corporation
Unisys Corporation
</TABLE>
During fiscal 1997, revenues from Complete Business Solutions accounted for
19% of SEEC's total revenues. During the six months ended September 30, 1997,
revenues from VIASOFT represented 16% of total revenues. During the first and
second quarters of fiscal 1998, three and four customers, respectively,
accounted for 51% of the Company's total revenues.
SALES, MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
SEEC markets and sells its products and solutions directly through its
direct sales force and indirectly through a distributor and third party service
providers. To support its sales efforts, SEEC utilizes a direct mail campaign
supported by promotion through trade articles and trade shows. In addition, SEEC
enters into software licenses and other arrangements with third party service
providers such as Complete Business Solutions, IBM and Unisys. These third party
service providers utilize the Company's solutions and software products in
connection with legacy system maintenance and redevelopment engagements,
including year 2000 services. SEEC has granted several organizations the
non-exclusive right to market its products. In the United States, SEEC sells and
supports its products and services from its Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
headquarters, its five U.S. regional offices and through sales personnel located
in two other cities. Outside the United States the Company has established a
sales office in London and has a distribution relationship with ERA. As of
September 30, 1997, SEEC had 29 employees engaged in sales and marketing. In
fiscal 1997 and the first six months of fiscal 1998, approximately 16% and 20%,
respectively, of the Company's revenues were from sales to customers outside of
the United States, including sales to ERA.
SEEC intends to continue to expand its sales and marketing effort by hiring
additional sales and marketing personnel, opening new sales offices and entering
into additional arrangements with third party service providers and
distributors. SEEC also intends to enter into additional distribution, license
and/or marketing agreements, particularly with service providers or strategic
systems integrators, for its software products. The Company is focused on
increasing the number of licenses of its year 2000 solutions and developing its
year 2000 solution customer base. The Company intends to leverage this customer
base to cross-sell other enterprise solutions and software products.
In November 1993, SEEC entered into a five year International Software
Marketing and License Agreement (the "VIASOFT Agreement") with VIASOFT, pursuant
to which SEEC granted VIASOFT a
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worldwide license to use and market all of SEEC's products that address the
COBOL maintenance market, including the COBOL Analyst product line, but
excluding the year 2000 products, under VIASOFT's private label "ESW/PC". The
license granted to VIASOFT limited exclusive marketing rights through June 1,
1995 and non-exclusive rights thereafter. Pursuant to the VIASOFT Agreement,
VIASOFT paid SEEC a royalty of 30% of all license or maintenance fees related to
its distribution of SEEC's products up to a maximum of $2 million and thereafter
a royalty of 25% of license fees and 30% of maintenance fees related to SEEC's
products. The VIASOFT Agreement permitted SEEC to use VIASOFT's proprietary
COBOL Parser Validation Suite to test SEEC's products. In exchange for such use,
SEEC agreed to pay to VIASOFT a royalty of 5% of SEEC's sales of products which
contain or use a COBOL parser, subject to a maximum royalty payment of $1
million and a minimum royalty payment of $100,000, during the five year period
ending November 30, 1998.
SEEC gave notice to VIASOFT on December 3, 1996 of its intention to
terminate the VIASOFT Agreement as a result of VIASOFT's not making minimum
royalty payments of at least $1 million during the 12 months preceding the third
anniversary of the date of the VIASOFT Agreement. SEEC received notice from
VIASOFT that it did not intend to extend the VIASOFT Agreement by making such
minimum payments and acknowledging that the VIASOFT Agreement terminated
effective June 4, 1997.
The VIASOFT Agreement had provided that, upon termination, the Company
would be obligated to deliver to VIASOFT that number of copies of the licensed
products equal to the balance of the advanced royalty divided by the applicable
licensed product royalty amount. At such time as these copies were delivered to
VIASOFT, the Company would recognize as income the balance of the advance
royalty.
On June 30, 1997, the Company received formal notice from VIASOFT that no
further copies of the licenses products were to be delivered to VIASOFT, and
that the Company was relieved of such obligation under the terms of the VIASOFT
Agreement. Accordingly, the $780,552 balance of the advance royalty has been
recognized as software license revenue in the quarter ended June 30, 1997.
COMPETITION
The market for SEEC's enterprise solutions and software products, including
products and solutions for the year 2000 problem, is intensely competitive and
is characterized by rapid change in technology and user needs and the frequent
introduction of new products. SEEC's principal competitors in the software
products market include Computer Associates International, Inc., Compuware
Corp., MicroFocus Group Public Limited Company, Peritus Software Services, Inc.
and VIASOFT. Many of the Company's potential customers are outsourcing their
year 2000 conversion work to outside service providers. Accordingly, the Company
also competes indirectly, and its third party service providers compete
directly, with large service providers such as Cap Gemini America, Computer
Horizons Corp., IBM Global Services, Information Management Resources
Incorporated, Keane, Inc. and the Big Six accounting firms. Certain of these
service providers have developed or acquired proprietary software products that
compete directly with the Company's software products. Many of the Company's
competitors are more established, benefit from greater name recognition and have
substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources than the
Company.
SEEC believes that the principal factors affecting competition in its
markets include product performance and reliability, product functionality,
ability to respond to changing customer needs, ease of use, training, quality of
support and price. Other than technical expertise and, with respect to the year
2000 solutions market, the limited time available until the year 2000 arrives,
there are no significant proprietary or other barriers to entry that could
prevent potential competitors from developing or acquiring similar software
products or providing competing solutions in the Company's market.
The Company's ability to compete successfully in the sale of enterprise
solutions and software products will depend in large part upon its ability to
attract new customers, deliver and support product enhancements to its existing
and new customers and respond effectively to continuing technological change by
developing new enterprise solutions and software products. SEEC believes that
its primary competitive advantages are price, performance and support. The
Company believes that the performance and support advantages of its PC-based
software products include a graphical user interface, ease-of-use and
portability, support for a wide
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<PAGE> 46
range of platforms, languages and databases, and the accuracy and completeness
of the analysis and solutions that its products provide. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to compete successfully in the future,
or that future competition for product sales and solutions or other competitive
factors will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
operating results and financial condition.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Company's future success will depend, in large part, on its ability to
enhance its current products and develop or acquire new products to keep pace
with evolving industry standards, technological developments and provide
additional functionality to address changing customer needs. This will require,
among other things, that the Company build interfaces with third party products
and adapt to changing industry standards. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be successful in developing or acquiring product enhancements or
new products, that it can introduce such products or enhancements on a timely
basis, or that any such products or enhancements will be successful in the
marketplace. The Company's delay or failure to develop or acquire products that
keep pace with evolving industry standards and technological developments or
provide additional functionality to address changing customer needs could have a
material adverse effect on its business, operating results and financial
condition. The Company currently has a number of product enhancement and new
product development efforts underway including (i) enhancing Smart Change 2000
to provide customers with an option to include automated date field expansion as
one aspect of its source code correction for year 2000 conversion, (ii) adding
automated source code renovation features to Natural Analyst 2000, (iii) further
enhancement of COBOL Slicer for test coverage analysis, (iv) providing support
for Unisys 2200, (v) integrating its software products with third party testing
products to provide an integrated solution for testing applications remediated
for the year 2000, and (vi) enhancement of its Object Designer product for
client/server migration. In addition, SEEC intends to continue research and
development efforts aimed at adapting its core source code analysis technology
to provide enterprise solutions for client/server migration as well as for
on-going legacy system maintenance and redevelopment needs such as the legacy
system redevelopment required to address the introduction of the European
Monetary Unit.
SEEC's development of new products has been accomplished primarily with
in-house development personnel and through its relationship with ERA. The
initial development of SEEC's COBOL maintenance products was funded in part by a
grant from ICICI pursuant to the Project Financing Agreement among ICICI, SEEC
and ERA. The Project Financing Agreement provided for joint ownership by SEEC
and ERA of all products developed with funds provided thereunder. In March 1996,
SEEC and ERA entered into a Product Purchase Agreement (the "Product Purchase
Agreement"), pursuant to which ERA transferred its ownership interest in SEEC's
products and technologies to SEEC and agreed to assist SEEC in developing new
products and technologies. Pursuant to the Product Purchase Agreement, ERA has
the nonexclusive right to perform design and development work with respect to
SEEC's products pursuant to specified development schedules. In addition, ERA
has agreed to maintain in India the necessary infrastructure and personnel to
support such design and development work. ERA has also agreed to transfer to
SEEC the necessary manpower for product support and to maintain a team of
personnel in India for maintenance of SEEC's products.
SEEC has the right to purchase ERA's research and development facility,
including personnel, equipment and information utilized by ERA for design,
development and maintenance of products, upon the occurrence of certain events
including a change of control of ERA, a termination of the Product Purchase
Agreement by ERA upon 12 months' notice, certain defaults by ERA, an initial
public offering by ERA or the failure by the parties to agree upon maintenance
fees after the first six years of the Product Purchase Agreement. See "Certain
Transactions." In addition, for a description of certain risks inherent in
offshore software development, see "Risk Factors--Dependence on Offshore
Software Development."
As of September 30, 1997, SEEC had nine employees engaged in product
development, and approximately 20 employees of ERA were engaged in product
development for SEEC. All of SEEC's research and development employees are
located at SEEC's Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania headquarters. During fiscal 1995,
1996 and 1997, and the six months ended September 30, 1996 and 1997, research
and development expenditures, including research and development fees paid to
ERA, were $407,000, $337,000, $427,000,
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<PAGE> 47
$138,000 and $443,000, respectively. The Company anticipates that it will
continue to commit substantial resources to research and development in the
future.
Software products such as those offered by the Company often encounter
development delays and may contain undetected errors or failures when introduced
or when new versions are released. The Company has in the past experienced
certain delays in the development of its software. Although the Company has not
experienced any material adverse effects resulting from any such errors or
delays to date, there can be no assurance that, despite testing by the Company
and by current and potential customers, errors will not be found in new products
or releases after commencement of commercial shipments, or that the Company will
not experience development delays, resulting in delays in the shipment of
products and a loss or delay in market acceptance, which could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial
condition.
PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
The Company's success is heavily dependent upon its proprietary technology.
The Company regards its enterprise solutions and software products as
proprietary and attempts to protect them under a combination of copyright, trade
secret and trademark laws as well as by contractual restrictions on employees
and third parties. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for
unauthorized parties to copy the Company's software or to reverse engineer or
otherwise obtain and use information the Company regards as proprietary. The
Company has no patents, and existing trade secret and copyright laws provide
only limited protection. Certain provisions of the license and distribution
agreements generally used by the Company, including "shrink-wrap" license
agreements, including provisions protecting against unauthorized use, copying,
transfer and disclosure, may be unenforceable under the laws of certain
jurisdictions, and the Company is required to negotiate limits on these
provisions from time to time. Policing unauthorized use of the Company's
products is difficult and, while the Company is unable to determine the extent
to which piracy of its software exists, software piracy is expected to be a
persistent problem, particularly in international markets and as a result of the
growing use of the Internet. Certain third parties have been provided access to
the source code for certain of the Company's products. Access to source code may
increase the possibility of misappropriation or misuse of the Company's
software. The Company's close relationship with certain third party service
providers increases the risk that such providers may attempt to use the
Company's proprietary software products and methodologies to develop their own
solutions that compete with those of the Company. In addition, the laws of some
foreign countries do not protect the Company's proprietary rights to the same
extent as do the laws of the United States. There can be no assurance that the
steps taken by the Company will be adequate to deter misappropriation of
proprietary information or that the Company will be able to detect unauthorized
use and take appropriate steps to enforce its intellectual property rights. In
addition, the Company's solutions depend, to a certain extent, on the ability of
the Company to build interfaces with third party software products, which are
subject to the proprietary rights of such third parties. There can be no
assurance that such third parties will continue to support or update such
products or that the Company will continue to have the access to such products
necessary to offer the interfaces as a component of the Company's solutions.
Significant and protracted litigation may be necessary to protect the
Company's proprietary rights, to determine the scope of the proprietary rights
of others or to defend against claims for infringement. The Company is not aware
that any its products, trademarks or other proprietary rights infringe the
proprietary rights of third parties and the Company is not currently involved in
any litigation with respect to proprietary rights. Infringement claims against
software developers are likely to increase as the number of functionally similar
products in the market increases. There can be no assurance that third party
claims, with or without merit, alleging infringement will not be asserted
against the Company in the future. Such assertions, whether with or without
merit, can be time consuming and expensive to defend and could require the
Company to cease the use and sale of infringing products, trademarks or
technologies, to incur significant litigation costs and expenses and to develop
or acquire non-infringing technology or to obtain licenses to the alleged
infringing technology. There can be no assurance that the Company would be able
to develop or acquire alternative technologies or to obtain such licenses on
commercially acceptable terms or at all, which could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition.
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<PAGE> 48
Applications for U.S. registrations of the marks Smart Change Factory, SEEC
Smart Change 2000, SEEC Date Analyzer, SEEC COBOL Analyst, SEEC COBOL Slicer,
and SEEC COBOL Analyst 2000 are pending.
EMPLOYEES
As of September 30, 1997, SEEC had 62 employees, including 29 in sales and
marketing, nine in research and development, five in customer support, 11 in
professional services and eight in corporate operations and administration. The
Company's success will depend, in part, upon its ability to hire and retain key
senior management and skilled technical, professional services and sales and
marketing personnel. Although the Company believes it will be able to hire
qualified personnel for such purposes, an inability to do so could materially
and adversely affect the Company's ability to market, sell, develop and enhance
its enterprise solutions and products. The market for qualified personnel has
historically been, and the Company expects that it will continue to be,
intensely competitive and the process of locating and hiring qualified personnel
can be difficult, time-consuming and expensive. None of SEEC's employees is
represented by a collective bargaining agreement. SEEC believes that its
relations with its employees are good.
FACILITIES
SEEC's principal administrative, research and development, customer support
and marketing facilities are located in approximately 8,000 square feet of space
in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. SEEC occupies these premises under a lease
agreement expiring in December 1997. The Company presently is engaged in lease
negotiations to relocate to approximately 15,000 square feet of space located
within the greater Pittsburgh metropolitan area, in January 1998. In addition,
SEEC leases office space for regional sales offices in Boston, Massachusetts;
Chicago, Illinois; Cincinnati, Ohio; Dallas, Texas; and Washington, D.C. SEEC
also leases office space in London, England for its European sales office. The
Company anticipates that additional facilities will be required in the future
and believes that it will be able to obtain suitable additional space as needed.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
SEEC is not a party to any material litigation.
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<PAGE> 49
MANAGEMENT
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The directors and executive officers of SEEC are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION
- ---- --- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Raj Reddy(1)................... 60 Chairman and Director
Ravindra Koka.................. 47 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
John D. Godfrey................ 48 Vice President, Professional Services, Secretary and Director
Richard J. Goldbach............ 42 Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Allen D. Gart.................. 56 Vice President--Americas Sales
Sean O'Reilly.................. 48 Vice President--European Operations
Radha Ramaswami Basu(1)........ 47 Director
Stanley A. Young(2)............ 71 Director
Abraham Ostrovsky(2)........... 54 Director
</TABLE>
- ---------
(1) Member of the Compensation Committee.
(2) Member of the Audit Committee.
Raj Reddy is a co-founder of SEEC and has served as a director since SEEC's
inception in 1988. He serves as a consultant in a scientific or engineering
capacity from time to time on projects for SEEC, and has served as Chairman of
the Board since February 1988. Dr. Reddy is Dean of the School of Computer
Science and the Herbert A. Simon University Professor of Computer Science and
Robotics at Carnegie Mellon University. He joined Carnegie Mellon's Department
of Computer Science in September 1969 and served as Director of the Robotics
Institute from September 1979 to September 1992. Dr. Reddy is Chairman of the
Board of Directors of Carnegie Group, Inc., a custom software development and
systems integration services company, a member of the Board of Directors of
Telxon Corporation, a systems integration services company that provides
tele-transaction computers and radio frequency data collection systems, and a
member of the Technical Advisory Board of Microsoft Corporation. In February
1997, Dr. Reddy was appointed by President Clinton to membership on the
Presidential Advisory Committee on High-Performance Computing and
Communications, Information Technology, and the Next Generation Internet.
Ravindra Koka is a co-founder of SEEC and has been President and Chief
Executive Officer and a director of SEEC since its inception in 1988. Mr. Koka
is a founding shareholder and director of ERA and a founding shareholder and
director of ACS Technologies Limited, an Indian company engaged in providing
computer hardware maintenance and service. Prior to founding SEEC, Mr. Koka was
a program analyst with System Development Corp., a software development company,
a senior systems analyst and mainframe application developer for Roan
Consolidated Mines, Ltd., a copper mining company, and a visiting scientist and
Adjunct Associate Professor at Carnegie Mellon University's Department of
Computer Science.
John D. Godfrey has been Vice President, Professional Services, and
Secretary of SEEC since May 1989, and was elected a director of SEEC in March
1996. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Godfrey served in various management
positions at Cimflex Teknowledge Corp., a software development company, from
November 1985 to May 1989, was director of engineering for American Auto-Matrix,
Inc., a manufacturer of general purpose micro-processor-based network systems
for control of building environments, from March 1984 to August 1985 and
director of engineering for PERQ Systems Corp., a provider of computer
time-sharing services, from March 1983 to March 1984, and served as manager of
graphic information systems for Mellon Bank, N.A. from September 1976 to
November 1981.
Richard J. Goldbach joined SEEC in October 1996 as Chief Financial Officer
and has been Treasurer of the Company since August 1997. Mr. Goldbach had
previously served as Finance Director for ADVO, Inc., a direct mail marketing
company, from May 1991 to September 1996, and as Chief Financial Officer and
Treasurer of Scribe Systems, Inc., a computer software publishing company, from
January 1986 to
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December 1990. Prior to that time, Mr. Goldbach was a senior manager in the
audit department of Arthur Andersen LLP. He is a certified public accountant.
Allen D. Gart joined SEEC in January 1997 as Vice President-Americas Sales.
Prior to joining SEEC, Mr. Gart served as Vice President for Essence Systems,
Inc., from January 1996 through December 1996. Prior to that, Mr. Gart was
Director of National Accounts for Legent Corporation, a software development
company, from January 1993 to December 1995. Mr. Gart served as Vice
President--North American Sales for Resumix (Ceridian Corporation), a developer
of employment automation software, from April 1991 to December 1993 and Senior
Vice President for Computer Associates (Cullinet), a provider of computer
manufacturing services and software from November 1982 through March 1991. Mr.
Gart has also served in various sales management positions with IBM and AMDAHL
Corporation.
Sean O'Reilly joined SEEC in April 1997 as Vice President-European
Operations. From June 1996 through March 1997, Mr. O'Reilly worked with the
British Government's Year 2000 TaskForce, where he created the Year 2000
Conference and the public relations program for the TaskForce Board. From April
1995 through June 1996, Mr. O'Reilly served as Managing Director of Bloor
Research Group, a British software industry analysis and publishing firm. From
September 1994 through April 1995, Mr. O'Reilly was the Project Manager for the
development of a Cable TV Subscriber Management System for Britain's Sky TV. Mr.
O'Reilly served from September 1992 through September 1994 as Managing Director
of Magic Software UK Ltd., the United Kingdom subsidiary of MSE Ltd. Israel,
which developed and sold a character-based 4GL development software product.
Radha R. Basu has been a director of SEEC since August 1996. Ms. Basu is
the general manager of Hewlett Packard Company's Enterprise Solutions
Organization, a position she has held since November 1996. Ms. Basu has held
various positions since joining Hewlett Packard in 1978, including general
manager of International Software Operations from 1990 to 1996, and operations
manager for India Software Operations, where she was responsible for starting up
Hewlett Packard Company's operations in India.
Stanley A. Young has been a director of SEEC since it was founded in 1988.
Mr. Young has been active as a consultant and venture capital investor for the
past five years and is Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Young
Management Group, Inc., a management and financial consulting firm. Mr. Young is
a director of JetForm Corporation ("JetForm"), a provider of forms-based
workflow automation software, Andyne Computing, Ltd., a software development
company and Compressent, Inc. ("Compressent"), a developer of color fax
software. Mr. Young was formerly a director and seed investor in Parametric
Technology Corporation.
Abraham Ostrovsky has been a director of SEEC since January 1997. Mr.
Ostrovsky has been Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Compressent since
February 1996. Mr. Ostrovsky is also Chairman of JetForm, a position he has held
since 1995. He joined JetForm in 1991 as Chief Operating Officer and was Chief
Executive Officer from 1991 to 1995. Prior to joining JetForm, Mr. Ostrovsky was
concurrently the Senior Vice President of Erskine House PLC, an office equipment
dealership, and the Chairman of Savin Florida, a subsidiary of Erskine House,
from 1988 to 1990.
TERMS OF DIRECTORS
The Company's directors are elected by the shareholders. The Company's
Board of Directors is divided into three classes, with the members of each class
serving staggered three-year terms. The Board of Directors consists of two Class
I directors (Abraham Ostrovsky and Stanley A. Young), two Class II directors
(Radha R. Basu and John D. Godfrey), and two Class III directors (Ravindra Koka
and Raj Reddy), whose terms will expire at the 2000, 1998 and 1999 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders, respectively (in all cases subject to the election and
qualification of their successors or to their earlier death, resignation or
removal). SEEC's Bylaws provide that the number of directors shall be fixed from
time to time by a majority of the Board of Directors and that vacancies on the
Board of Directors (including vacancies created by an increase in the number of
directors) may be filled by a majority of the Board of Directors then in office
or by the sole remaining director, or, if the Board of Directors or the sole
remaining director fails to act, by the shareholders.
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<PAGE> 51
COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The Compensation Committee is responsible for administering the Company's
stock option plans, to the extent provided in the authorizing Board resolutions
for such plans, and for reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with
respect to the salaries, bonuses and other compensation of executive officers,
including the terms and conditions of their employment, and other compensation
matters. The members of the Compensation Committee are Radha R. Basu and Raj
Reddy.
The Audit Committee is responsible, to the extent provided in the
authorizing Board resolutions, for making an annual recommendation, based on a
review of qualifications, to the Board for the appointment of independent public
accountants to audit the financial statements of SEEC and to perform such other
duties as the Board may from time to time prescribe. The Audit Committee is also
responsible for reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect
to (i) the scope of audits conducted by SEEC's independent public accountants
and (ii) the accounting methods and the system of internal controls used by
SEEC. In addition, the Audit Committee reviews reports from SEEC's independent
public accountants concerning the Company's accounting practices. The members of
the Audit Committee are Abraham Ostrovsky and Stanley A. Young.
STRATEGIC ADVISORY BOARD
In 1996, the Company appointed a Strategic Advisory Board comprised of Mr.
Glen Chatfield and Ms. Radha R. Basu. The Strategic Advisory Board meets
quarterly and advises the Company's Board of Directors and management on
business and product strategy.
Mr. Chatfield is a director of Carnegie Group, Inc. Mr. Chatfield was
President of Chatfield Enterprises from April 1990 to November 1992, and has
been President of Optimum Power Technology, Inc. since December 1992, Chairman
of Emprise Technologies, Inc. since December 1992, and General Partner of CEO
Venture Fund since January 1986. He was a founder of Duquesne Systems, Inc., a
predecessor of LEGENT Corporation.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors was formed in
September 1996. Radha R. Basu and Raj Reddy, the current members of the
Compensation Committee, were not, at any time during the year ended March 31,
1997, or at any other time, officers or employees of SEEC. No executive officer
of SEEC serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee
of another entity which has one or more executive officers serving as a member
of the Company's Board of Directors or Compensation Committee. Certain members
of the Company's Board of Directors are parties to transactions with the
Company.
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
SEEC pays its non-employee directors $2,000 per Board meeting attended in
person and $1,000 per Board meeting attended by telephone. Directors who are
employees do not receive any compensation for services performed in their
capacity as directors. SEEC reimburses each director for reasonable
out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending meetings of the Board of Directors
and any of its committees.
In connection with their agreeing to serve on the Board of Directors, on
September 30, 1996, SEEC granted to each of Radha R. Basu and Abraham Ostrovsky
ten-year options to purchase 4,526 shares of Common Stock at $3.62 per share.
The options vest 50% each on the first and second anniversaries of their
commencement of service as directors. On August 8, 1997, SEEC granted to each of
Radha R. Basu, Abraham Ostrovsky and Stanley Young, the Company's non-employee
directors, ten year options to purchase 15,000 shares of Common Stock at $20.75
per share. The options vest ratably over a three-year period following the date
of grant.
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<PAGE> 52
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth all compensation paid by SEEC for services
rendered to the Company during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997 by Ravindra
Koka, the Company's Chief Executive Officer. No other executive officer received
total salary and bonus in excess of $100,000 during the fiscal year ended March
31, 1997.
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ANNUAL
COMPENSATION
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION SALARY
- --------------------------- ------------
<S> <C>
Ravindra Koka................................................................. $100,409
(President and Chief Executive Officer)
</TABLE>
STOCK OPTION INFORMATION
No stock options were granted to Mr. Koka during the fiscal year ended
March 31, 1997. As of March 31, 1997, SEEC had not awarded stock appreciation
rights to any employee. Also, SEEC currently has no defined benefit or actuarial
plans.
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the
value of stock options held by Mr. Koka at March 31, 1997. Mr. Koka did not
exercise any options to purchase Common Stock during the fiscal year ended March
31, 1997.
FISCAL YEAR-END OPTION VALUES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF SECURITIES VALUE OF UNEXERCISED
UNDERLYING UNEXERCISED IN-THE-MONEY OPTIONS
OPTIONS AT FISCAL YEAR-END AT FISCAL YEAR-END(1)
----------------------------- -----------------------------
NAME EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE
- ---- ----------- ------------- ----------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Ravindra Koka............................. 5,431 -- $41,493 --
</TABLE>
- ---------
(1) Represents the difference between the fair market value of the Common Stock
underlying the options as of March 31, 1997 and the exercise price of the
options.
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
Effective October 1, 1996, SEEC entered into a two-year employment
agreement with Ravindra Koka pursuant to which he agreed to serve as the
Company's President and Chief Executive Officer at a base annual salary of
$98,000, which increased to $107,800 upon the closing of the Company's initial
public offering in January 1997. The agreement renews automatically at the end
of the initial two year term and each renewal term for a one year period unless
either party gives 30 days' notice of intent not to renew. The agreement is
terminable by SEEC immediately for cause. The agreement prohibits Mr. Koka from
directly or indirectly selling products that compete with SEEC's products for
two years following termination under specified circumstances of his employment
with SEEC, and from improperly disclosing or using SEEC's proprietary
information. Mr. Koka's employment agreement also includes the provisions
relating to severance described below.
SEEC has also entered into employment agreements with Messrs. Gart,
Godfrey, Goldbach and O'Reilly.
The employment agreements with each of Messrs. Koka, Godfrey and Goldbach
provide that if, on or after the date of a "Change in Control" (as defined
below), SEEC, for any reason, terminates the employee's employment or the
employee resigns "for good reason" (as defined below), then SEEC shall pay to
the employee within five days following the date of termination or date of
resignation: (i) the employee's salary and benefits through the termination date
or resignation date, both as in effect on the date prior to the date of the
Change in Control, and (ii) the amount of any bonus payable to the employee for
the year in which the Change in Control occurred, pro rated to take into account
the number of days that have elapsed in such year
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<PAGE> 53
prior to the termination date or resignation date. In addition, during a
specified period following the termination or resignation date, SEEC shall
continue to pay to the employee his annual salary, as in effect on the day prior
to the date of the Change in Control on the dates when such salary would have
been payable had the employee remained employed by SEEC and shall continue to
provide to the employee during such specified period, at no cost to the
employee, the benefits the employee was receiving on the day prior to the date
of the Change in Control, or benefits substantially similar thereto. The
specified period is twelve months for Mr. Koka and nine months for Messrs.
Godfrey and Goldbach.
For purposes of the employment agreements, a "Change in Control" is deemed
to occur upon any of the following events: (i) any individual, corporation,
partnership, association, trust or other entity becomes the beneficial owner (as
defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
(the "Exchange Act")), directly or indirectly, of securities of SEEC
representing 50% or more of the combined voting power of SEEC's then outstanding
voting securities; (ii) the individuals who as of the date of the agreements are
members of the Board of Directors of SEEC (the "Incumbent Board") cease for any
reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board of Directors of SEEC
(provided, however, that if the election, or nomination for election by SEEC's
shareholders, of any new director was approved by a vote of at least a majority
of the Incumbent Board, such new director will, for purposes of such agreements,
be considered as a member of the Incumbent Board); (iii) an agreement by SEEC to
consolidate or merge with any other entity pursuant to which SEEC will not be
the continuing or surviving corporation or pursuant to which shares of the
Common Stock of SEEC would be converted into cash, securities or other property,
other than a merger of SEEC in which holders of the Common Stock of SEEC
immediately prior to the merger would have the same proportion of ownership of
Common Stock of the surviving corporation immediately after the merger; (iv) an
agreement of SEEC to sell, lease, exchange or otherwise transfer in one
transaction or a series of related transactions substantially all of the assets
of SEEC; (v) the adoption of any plan or proposal for a complete or partial
liquidation or dissolution of SEEC; or (vi) an agreement to sell more than 50%
of the outstanding voting securities in one or a series of related transactions
other than an initial public offering of voting securities registered with the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
The term "good reason" means (i) a material diminution by SEEC of the
employee's title or responsibilities, as that title and those responsibilities
existed on the day prior to the date of a Change in Control; (ii) a material
diminution by SEEC in the employee's salary, benefits or incentive or other
forms of compensation, all as in effect on the day prior to the date of a Change
in Control; or (iii) any reassignment of the employee or relocation of SEEC's
principal executive offices outside of the greater Pittsburgh area.
The employment agreements with Messrs. Gart and O'Reilly are essentially
the same as those described above, except that for a twelve-month period
following the termination or resignation date, or until the starting date of
employment or consulting arrangements with a new company, SEEC shall continue to
pay Mr. Gart or Mr. O'Reilly, as the case may be, at an annualized rate of 50%
of total target compensation. In addition, in the event of a Change in Control,
SEEC shall continue to pay Mr. Gart at an annualized rate of 75% of total target
compensation, and Mr. O'Reilly at an annualized rate of 50% of total target
compensation. Total target compensation consists of base salary, commissions and
bonus.
STOCK OPTION PLANS
1994 Plan
On September 12, 1994, the Board of Directors adopted, and the shareholders
of SEEC approved, the SEEC, Inc. 1994 Stock Option Plan (the "1994 Plan"). Under
the 1994 Plan, a committee designated by the Board of Directors or, if no
committee is designated, the full Board (the "Committee") is authorized to grant
stock options. The 1994 Plan has a 10-year term and, subject to anti-dilution
adjustments, a maximum of 226,305 shares of Common Stock may be awarded under
the 1994 Plan. Employees of SEEC who, in the opinion of the Committee, are
responsible for the continued growth, development and financial success of SEEC
are eligible to receive stock options under the 1994 Plan. The Committee has the
discretion to determine the persons to whom grants of options shall be made and,
subject to the terms of the 1994 Plan, the
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<PAGE> 54
terms and conditions of each stock option grant. All options will be fully
vested upon a Change of Control (as defined in the 1994 Plan) of SEEC.
The Committee will establish the exercise price of options at the time of
each grant. The exercise price of incentive stock options must be no less than
100% of the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the grant date. The
exercise price of incentive stock options granted to a shareholder of SEEC that
owns more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of
SEEC (a "Significant Shareholder"), must be no less than 110% of the fair market
value of a share of Common Stock on the grant date. Options become exercisable
at such times and in such installments as the Committee shall provide at the
date of grant. Options have a maximum term of 10 years (5 years for an incentive
stock option granted to a Significant Shareholder). The option exercise price
may be paid (i) in cash, (ii) with the Committee's approval, in stock held by
the optionee for at least six months prior to the exercise date or (iii)
otherwise as the Committee may approve. Options may be designated by the
Committee as incentive stock options for which the amount of option "spread" at
the time of exercise, assuming no disqualifying disposition, is generally not to
be taxable income to the grantee (except for possible alternative minimum tax
liability) and is not deductible by SEEC for federal income tax purposes.
If an optionee's employment by SEEC is terminated for cause, all unvested
or unexercised options under the 1994 Plan will terminate and be forfeited. In
the event an optionee ceases to be an employee because of death or disability,
all options will vest and any unexercised option may be exercised for twelve
months following the date of his or her death or disability. If an optionee's
employment terminates by reason of retirement under SEEC's normal retirement
policy, all vested and unexercised options may be exercised for three months
following such termination in the case of an incentive stock option or twelve
months in the case of a nonqualified stock option. If an optionee's employment
terminates for any other reason, any portion of an option then unexercisable
will be forfeited and the then-exercisable portion of any unexercised option may
be exercised for 30 days following such termination. The Committee has the
discretion to extend such post-termination exercisability.
The 1994 Plan may be amended by the Board of Directors without shareholder
approval except as may be required to permit incentive stock options to continue
to be issued under the 1994 Plan.
As of September 30, 1997, SEEC had granted options to purchase an aggregate
of 225,464 shares of Common Stock under the 1994 Plan, of which 222,070 remained
outstanding and unexercised.
1997 Plan
On June 6, 1997, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted, and on
August 8, 1997 the shareholders approved, the Company's 1997 Stock Option Plan
(the "1997 Plan").
The 1997 Plan permits the Company to grant to participants incentive stock
options as defined in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the "Code"), non-statutory stock options, stock options not meeting the
requirements of Section 422, stock appreciation rights ("SARs") and limited
stock appreciation rights ("LSARs").
The 1997 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of
Directors of the Company. Options to purchase up to 650,000 shares of Common
Stock may be granted under the 1997 Plan.
Those eligible for participation in the 1997 Plan are key employees of the
Company and its subsidiaries, including directors and officers of the Company
who are employees who share the responsibility for the management, growth or
protection of the business of the Company or any subsidiary.
The purchase price at which an option may be exercised ("exercise price")
will be determined by the Committee at the time the option is granted. In no
event, however, will the exercise price be less than the "fair market value" of
the Common Stock, defined in the 1997 Plan as the average of the "bid" and "ask"
price per share of Common Stock as quoted in a publication chosen by the
Committee on the business day immediately prior to the date as of which fair
market value is to be determined. In addition, the exercise price of an
incentive stock option granted to an optionee who owns more than 10% of the
combined voting power of all
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classes of the Company's outstanding stock must be at least 110% of the fair
market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant.
The 1997 Plan provides that SARs may be granted in connection with either
incentive stock options (at the time such stock option is granted) or
non-statutory stock options (at the time such stock option is granted or at any
time thereafter during the option term). SARs are exercisable only to the extent
the related stock option is exercisable and only by the same person or persons
entitled to exercise the related stock option.
Each SAR entitles the holder to surrender the related stock option, or any
portion thereof, in exchange for that number of shares of Common Stock having an
aggregate fair market value equal to the excess of the fair market value per
share of Common Stock on the date of exercise over the option exercise price per
share, multiplied by the number of shares covered by the stock option or portion
thereof being surrendered. However, the Committee, in its discretion, may
determine that the obligation of the Company with respect to a SAR be paid in
cash or part in cash and part in shares (subject to certain limitations in the
case of persons subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act at the time of
exercise).
The 1997 Plan provides for the grant, in the discretion of the Committee,
of LSARs in connection with all or part of an incentive stock option at the time
of the grant of such option, or in connection with a non-statutory option at the
time such option is granted or at any time thereafter during the term of such
option.
Each LSAR entitles the holder of the related stock, upon exercise of the
LSAR, to surrender the stock option and any related SAR, to the extent
unexercised, and receive an amount of cash, in respect of each share of Common
Stock subject to such stock option (or the portion thereof surrendered), equal
to the excess of the fair market value per share of the Common Stock over the
exercise price of such stock option. LSARs shall be exercisable for a period of
60 days following the occurrence of certain events specified in the 1997 Plan
relating to a change in control or possible change in control of the Company. No
LSAR may be exercised until the holder has completed at least six months of
continuous service with the Company or a subsidiary immediately following the
date of grant of the LSAR.
A participant who is granted an option under the 1997 Plan may not transfer
the option other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. No
person other than the participant to whom an option is granted may exercise such
option during such participant's lifetime.
The 1997 Plan terminates on June 6, 2007, subject to earlier termination by
the Board. The Board has the authority to amend or terminate the 1997 Plan,
provided that such amendment or termination does not adversely affect any
outstanding option, SAR or LSAR unless the holder of such option has consented
in writing thereto. In addition, no such amendment of the 1997 Plan shall,
without prior shareholder approval, (i) increase the number of shares which may
be issued or delivered under the 1997 Plan, or (ii) make any changes in the
class of eligible employees.
The 1997 Plan provides that in the event a participant's employment with
the Company is voluntarily terminated with the Company's consent or as a result
of retirement under a retirement plan of the Company, the participant will have
three months to exercise any vested incentive stock options. If a participant's
employment terminates as a result of retirement under a retirement plan of the
Company, however, the participant will have twelve months to exercise any
non-statutory stock options, whether or not vested at the time of termination.
If a participant's employment with the Company is voluntarily terminated with
the Company's consent, the participant will have twelve months to exercise any
vested nonstatutory stock options. In the case of termination of employment
arising from disability or death, the participant or the participant's estate or
beneficiary, as the case may be, will have twelve months to exercise any stock
options outstanding, whether or not vested at the time of termination. The
ability of the participant to exercise options in each case described above is
subject to any earlier expiration date of such options.
In addition, each option granted under the 1997 Plan shall become
exercisable in full upon certain events relating to a change in control or
possible change in control of the Company, whether or not such option is then
exercisable under the stock option agreement relating to such option.
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<PAGE> 56
Options issued under the 1997 Plan will cease to become exercisable upon
the termination of the participant's employment by the Company for any reason
other than voluntary termination with the consent of the Company or a
subsidiary, retirement under any retirement plan of the Company or a subsidiary,
voluntary termination while disabled with the consent of the Company, or death.
In addition, all options granted under the 1997 Plan expire on the tenth
anniversary of the date of the grant (except that any incentive stock option
granted to a holder of more than 10% of the combined voting power of all classes
of the Company's outstanding stock expires on the fifth anniversary of the date
of the grant), and no options may be granted after June 6, 2007.
LIMITATION OF DIRECTORS' LIABILITY
Section 1713 of the BCL provides that, if a bylaw adopted by the
shareholders of a Pennsylvania business corporation so provides, a director of
such corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for any
action taken unless the director has breached or failed to perform the duties of
his office under the BCL and the breach or failure to perform constitutes
self-dealing, willful misconduct or recklessness. Section 1713 provides that its
provisions do not apply to the responsibility or liability of a director
pursuant to any criminal statute or the liability of a director for the payment
of taxes pursuant to federal, state or local law. As permitted by the provisions
of the BCL, SEEC's Bylaws limit the personal liability of directors of SEEC for
monetary damages for actions taken as a director, except to the extent that the
director has breached or failed to perform his or her duties to SEEC and the
breach or failure to perform constitutes self-dealing, willful misconduct or
recklessness. The Company does not believe that its Bylaws would affect any
liabilities of the Company's directors under the federal securities laws.
INDEMNIFICATION
As permitted by the BCL, SEEC's Bylaws require SEEC to indemnify all
directors and officers of SEEC. Under such provisions, any director or officer
who, in his or her capacity as such, is made or threatened to be made a party to
any suit or proceeding must be indemnified if such director or officer acted in
good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed
to the best interests of SEEC. The Bylaws and the BCL further provide that such
indemnification is not exclusive of any other rights to which such individuals
may be entitled under the Articles, any agreement, insurance policies, vote of
shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. SEEC has purchased
directors' and officers' insurance.
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CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
The following is a summary of certain transactions to which SEEC was or is
a party and in which certain executive officers, directors or shareholders of
SEEC had or have a direct or indirect material interest, all of which were made
on terms no less favorable to the Company than those available from unaffiliated
parties.
ERA RELATIONSHIP
SEEC has certain relationships and has engaged in certain transactions with
ERA. SEEC owns approximately 9%, Ravindra Koka, the President, a director and a
principal shareholder of SEEC, approximately 14% and Shankar Krish, an employee
of SEEC, approximately 8% of the outstanding capital stock of ERA. Messrs. Koka
and Krish are also directors of ERA. In addition, ERA owns 226,305 shares of
Common Stock of SEEC or approximately 4% of the outstanding Common Stock of the
Company upon completion of this Offering.
Since SEEC's inception in 1988, ERA has provided certain research and
development services to SEEC. SEEC's initial development of its COBOL
maintenance products was funded in part by a grant from ICICI pursuant to the
Project Financing Agreement among ICICI, SEEC and ERA. The Project Financing
Agreement provided that SEEC and ERA would each have an ownership interest in
all products developed with funds provided thereunder. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources" and Notes 6 and 7 to Financial
Statements.
In March 1996, SEEC and ERA entered into the Product Purchase Agreement,
pursuant to which ERA transferred to SEEC its 35% ownership interest in
jointly-owned products and technologies, including COBOL Analyst, COBOL Slicer,
Object Designer, Date Analyzer and related derivative and add-on products, all
products developed pursuant to the Project Financing Agreement and all products
covered by the VIASOFT Agreement. In consideration of ERA's transfer of its
ownership interest in the products and technology, SEEC issued 226,305 shares of
Common Stock to ERA. The transaction was assigned a nominal value of $2,263 (the
par value of the shares issued) as reflected in the Statements of Changes in
Shareholders' Equity (Deficit) in the accompanying Financial Statements. The
assigned value reflects the predecessor basis of ERA in the products, consistent
with the Company's accounting policy of expensing all research and development
costs.
ERA also agreed to assist SEEC in developing new products and technologies.
Pursuant to the Product Purchase Agreement, ERA has the non-exclusive right to
perform design and development work with respect to SEEC's products pursuant to
specified development schedules. In addition, ERA has agreed to maintain in
India the necessary infrastructure and personnel to support such design and
development work. ERA has also agreed to transfer to SEEC the necessary manpower
for product support and to maintain a team of personnel in India for maintenance
of SEEC's products.
In consideration of ERA's developmental obligations under the Product
Purchase Agreement, SEEC agreed to pay ERA certain research and development
fees. Through December 31, 1996, SEEC was obligated to pay ERA a research and
development fee equal to 10% of its gross receipts from the products so
developed by ERA prior to the date of the Product Purchase Agreement, but not
less than $12,000 per quarter, and thereafter on mutually agreed terms. SEEC
also agreed to pay to ICICI on behalf of ERA 5% of its gross receipts from
products and services derived from COBOL redevelopment, and from all database
reengineering and reverse engineering products and services. As of September 30,
1997, the balance of the maximum royalty payable to ICICI on behalf of ERA has
been fully accrued. In addition, during the first three years of the Product
Purchase Agreement, SEEC had agreed to pay ERA a maintenance fee at a flat rate
of $5,000 per month, and, in the next three years, $6,000 per month as long as
the Product Purchase Agreement remains in effect. Effective January 1, 1997, the
Company and ERA agreed to amend the Product Purchase Agreement to eliminate the
research and development fee (royalty) and the monthly maintenance fee described
above. Concurrently, the Company and ERA agreed to a schedule of research and
development projects to be performed by ERA at specified rates for the benefit
of the Company. The total estimated cost of the projects pursuant to the initial
schedule is $92,000. Other projects may be added as identified and agreed to by
the Company and ERA. Also effective January 1, 1997, each party has the right to
terminate the Product Purchase Agreement upon certain events of default, upon
the change of control of the other party or upon
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12 months' notice. SEEC incurred a total of $87,000, $79,000, $166,000 and
$90,000 in royalties and fees due to ERA during fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997 and
the first six months of fiscal 1998, respectively. See "Business--Research and
Development" and Notes 6 and 7 to Financial Statements.
Pursuant to the Product Purchase Agreement, upon a change of control of
ERA, SEEC has the right to repurchase some or all of the shares of Common Stock
owned by ERA. SEEC also has the right to purchase ERA's research and development
facilities upon the occurrence of certain events including a change of control
of ERA, a termination of the Product Purchase Agreement by ERA upon 12 months'
notice, certain defaults by ERA, or an initial public offering by ERA. In the
event SEEC does not purchase ERA's facilities, ERA has agreed to maintain those
facilities at a minimum of the same size and quality as prior to the change of
control. In the event of a change of control of SEEC, ERA has the right to
request a renegotiation of any or all of the research and development provisions
of the Product Purchase Agreement.
Pursuant to a Marketing Agreement dated March 1, 1996, SEEC granted ERA the
non-exclusive right to distribute SEEC's products in India only. Under such
agreement, ERA pays SEEC a royalty of 50% (40% during the first six months of
the agreement) of SEEC's suggested international list price for all products
distributed by ERA. During fiscal 1996 and 1997 and the first six months of
fiscal 1998 , ERA paid $11,500, $206,000 and $61,000, respectively, in royalties
to SEEC. The agreement is for a term of three years. SEEC may terminate the
agreement (i) for cause; (ii) at any time after the first 12 months by paying
ERA an amount equal to 150% of ERA's gross revenues for the previous 12 months
from sales of SEEC's products; (iii) at any time after the first 18 months upon
failure of the parties to agree upon minimum sales by ERA or upon a business
plan for ERA's marketing of the products; or (iv) upon failure of ERA to achieve
the agreed upon minimum sales of SEEC's products.
SEEC anticipates that in the future decisions must be made with respect to
various categories of transactions between SEEC and ERA, such as the terms and
conditions under which ERA may provide research and development for SEEC,
whether SEEC will acquire ERA's research and development facilities and whether
SEEC and ERA will enter into a business combination. All future transactions
between SEEC and its officers, directors and principal shareholders and their
affiliates, including future transactions between SEEC and ERA outside the
ordinary course, will be approved by a majority of the Board of Directors,
including a majority of the disinterested directors, and will be on terms no
less favorable to SEEC than could be obtained from unaffiliated third parties.
STOCK PURCHASES
In March 1996, Dr. Reddy, Chairman of the Board of SEEC, and Mr. Koka and
Mr. Godfrey, each an officer and director of SEEC, purchased from SEEC 33,945,
34,643 and 22,886 shares of Common Stock, respectively, at a price of $0.02 per
share, pursuant to the exercise of warrants issued to them in April 1993.
In July 1996, Dr. Reddy purchased from SEEC 30,184 shares of Common Stock
at a price of $3.31 per share by converting $75,000 in advances, plus accrued
interest, made by Dr. Reddy to SEEC from August 1990 to September 1992. The
advances were deemed to have accrued interest at a rate of 7% per annum.
In July 1996, Mr. Koka and Mr. Godfrey purchased from SEEC 31,909 and
20,918 shares of Common Stock, respectively, at a price of $3.31 per share. Mr.
Koka and Mr. Godfrey paid for their shares by converting demand notes issued to
them by SEEC in March 1992 to evidence deferred salaries owed to them. The
demand notes bore interest at a rate of 7% per annum and were in the respective
principal amounts of $76,541 and $50,565.
In July 1996, Stanley Young, a director of SEEC, purchased from SEEC 30,571
shares of Common Stock at a price of $3.31 per share by converting two demand
notes issued to him by SEEC in August 1990 and June 1991 in connection with two
$25,000 loans by Mr. Young to SEEC, and by converting the principal and accrued
interest of a $25,000 10% subordinated note purchased by Mr. Young in September
1992.
In July 1996, Amar Foundation, a shareholder of SEEC, purchased from SEEC
38,888 shares of Common Stock at a price of $3.31 per share by converting a
demand note issued by SEEC in June 1991 in
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connection with a $95,000 loan by Amar Foundation to SEEC. The note bore
interest at a rate of 7% per annum.
In July 1996, Abraham Ostrovsky, who became a director of SEEC in January
1997, purchased from SEEC 2,660 shares of Common Stock at a price of $3.31 per
share by converting a $6,250 10% subordinated note purchased by Mr. Ostrovsky in
April 1992.
In September 1996, Radha R. Basu, a director of the Company, purchased
4,139 shares of Common Stock at a price of $3.62 per share.
In September 1996, Shyamala Reddy and Geetha Reddy, each of whom is a
daughter of Dr. Raj Reddy, purchased 32,588 and 10,862 shares of Common Stock,
respectively, at a price of $3.62 per share.
In March 1997, Stanley Young and Abraham Ostrovsky purchased from SEEC
33,945 and 2,828 shares of Common Stock, respectively, at a price of $.02 per
share, pursuant to the exercise of warrants issued in connection with the demand
notes and subordinated notes described above for Messrs. Young and Ostrovsky.
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PRINCIPAL AND SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the
beneficial ownership of SEEC's Common Stock as of September 30, 1997 by each
person known by SEEC to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the
outstanding Common Stock of SEEC on such date, by (i) each director of SEEC,
(ii) certain executive officers of SEEC, (iii) all directors and executive
officers of SEEC as a group and (iv) the Selling Shareholders.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES BENEFICIALLY
OWNED PRIOR TO SHARES BENEFICIALLY
OFFERING(1) OWNED AFTER OFFERING
------------------------ SHARES -----------------------
NAME SHARES PERCENT(2) BEING OFFERED SHARES PERCENT(3)
- ---- ---------- ---------- ------------- --------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS:
Ravindra Koka (4)........................ 524,594 10.5% 25,000 499,594 8.3%
Raj Reddy (5)............................ 516,741 10.3 25,000 491,741 8.2
John D. Godfrey (6)...................... 230,735 4.6 12,000 218,735 3.6
Stanley A. Young (7)..................... 64,516 1.3 10,000 54,516 *
Richard J. Goldbach (8).................. 17,081 * -- 17,081 *
Abraham Ostrovsky (9).................... 7,751 * -- 7,751 *
Radha R. Basu (10)....................... 6,402 * -- 6,402 *
All directors and executive officers as a
group (9 persons) (11)................. 1,367,820 27.2 72,000 1,295,820 21.4
OTHER 5% SHAREHOLDERS:
Trainer, Wortham & Company, Inc.(12)..... 390,575 7.8 -- 390,575 6.5
Amar Foundation (13)..................... 308,191 6.2 50,000 258,191 4.3
Adam D. Young (14)....................... 305,136 6.1 50,000 255,136 4.2
OTHER SELLING SHAREHOLDERS:
Providence Investment.................... 86,884 1.7 25,000 61,884 1.0
Management Group (15)
Glen F. Chatfield (16)................... 60,348 1.2 10,000 50,348 *
Kishore V. Buddhiraju (17)............... 56,576 1.1 25,000 31,576 *
T.N. Rajasekhar Reddy Trust (18)......... 51,484 1.0 20,000 31,484 *
T.N. Prithvi Reddy Trust (19)............ 51,484 1.0 20,000 31,484 *
Shankar Krish (20)....................... 34,171 * 8,000 26,171 *
</TABLE>
- ---------
* Less than one percent.
(1) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the
Securities and Exchange Commission. Shares of Common Stock subject to
options or warrants exercisable within 60 days of September 30, 1997 are
deemed outstanding for computing the percentage beneficially owned by the
person or group holding such options or warrants, but are not deemed
outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person. Except as
noted, each shareholder has sole voting power and sole investment power
with respect to all shares beneficially owned by such shareholder.
(2) Based upon 5,003,096 shares outstanding prior to the Offering.
(3) Based upon 6,033,096 shares outstanding after the Offering. Does not
reflect shares, if any, to be purchased by any such person or group in the
Offering.
(4) Includes 5,431 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
outstanding options and 148,110 shares of Common Stock owned by Ravindra
Koka Retained Annuity Trust of which Mr. Koka is trustee. Does not include
226,305 shares of Common Stock owned by ERA, of which Mr. Koka is a
director and shareholder, with respect to which Mr. Koka disclaims any
beneficial interest. Mr. Koka's address is in care of SEEC, Inc., 5001 Baum
Boulevard, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.
(5) Mr. Reddy's address is in care of SEEC, Inc., 5001 Baum Boulevard,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.
(6) Includes 4,888 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
outstanding options and 1,000 shares owned by Mr. Godfrey's spouse. Mr.
Godfrey's address is in care of SEEC, Inc., 5001 Baum Boulevard,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.
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(7) Stanley Young's address is in care of Young Management Group, Inc., 24 New
England Executive Park, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803.
(8) Includes 13,578 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
outstanding options. Mr. Goldbach's address is in care of SEEC, Inc., 5001
Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.
(9) Includes 2,263 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options.
Mr. Ostrovsky's address is in care of Compressent, Inc., 2105 Hamilton
Avenue, Suite 140, San Jose, California 95125.
(10) Includes 2,263 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options.
Ms. Basu's address is in care of Hewlett Packard Company, International
Software Operation, 19410 Homestead Road, Mail Stop 43-UR, Cupertino,
California 95014-0691.
(11) Includes 28,423 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options. See
Notes 4, 6, and 8-10, above.
(12) Based on information as of March 31, 1997 contained in a Schedule 13F filed
by Trainer, Wortham & Company, Inc. with the Securities and Exchange
Commission. Trainer, Wortham & Company, Inc.'s address is 845 Third Avenue,
New York, New York 10022.
(13) Includes 42,998 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
outstanding warrants. Amar Foundation's address is 630 Los Trancos Road,
Portola Valley, California 94028.
(14) Does not include 150,870 shares owned by the Adam D. Young Qualified
Annuity Trust of which Mr. Young's wife is trustee, or 27,598 shares owned
by Mr. Young's wife, in each case with respect to which Mr. Young disclaims
any beneficial interest. Adam D. Young's address is 10 Riverside Drive,
Marblehead, Massachusetts 01945.
(15) Providence Investment Management Group's address is in care of Chance
Vought, 19 Fulton St., Ste. #306, New York, New York 10038.
(16) Mr. Chatfield's address is 416 Sky Oak Road, Bradford Woods, Pennsylvania
15015.
(17) Dr. Kishore V. Buddhiraju's address is in care of ERA Software Systems
Private Ltd., 4 Molital Nehru Nagar, 1st Floor, Begumpet Road, Hyderabad
500 016 India.
(18) The address of the Trust is in care of Shyamala Reddy, Trustee, 808
Devonshire Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
(19) The address of the Trust is in care of Shyamala Reddy, Trustee, 808
Devonshire Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
(20) Includes 5,883 shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of
outstanding options. Mr. Krish's address is in care of SEEC, Inc., 5001
Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
GENERAL
The authorized capital stock of SEEC consists of (i) 20,000,000 shares of
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, and (ii) 10,000,000 shares of Preferred
Stock, without par value (the "Preferred Stock"). The following description of
the capital stock of SEEC does not purport to be complete or to give full effect
to the provisions of statutory or common law and is subject in all respects to
the provisions of SEEC's Articles of Incorporation (the "Articles") as in effect
from time to time.
COMMON STOCK
As of September 30, 1997, SEEC had issued and outstanding 5,003,096 shares
of Common Stock. All outstanding shares of Common Stock are, and the shares
offered hereby will be, fully paid and nonassessable. The holders of Common
Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters
voted upon by shareholders and may not cumulate votes for the election of
directors. Thus, the owners of a majority of the shares of Common Stock
outstanding may elect all of the directors, if they choose to do so, and the
owners of the balance of such shares would not be able to elect any directors.
Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of
Preferred Stock, each share of outstanding Common Stock is entitled to
participate equally in any distribution of net assets made to the shareholders
upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of SEEC and is entitled to
participate equally in dividends as and when declared by SEEC's Board of
Directors. There are no redemption, sinking fund, conversion or preemptive
rights with respect to the shares of Common Stock. All shares of Common Stock
have equal rights and preferences.
PREFERRED STOCK
SEEC's Board of Directors is authorized by the Articles to fix or alter the
rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of any series of Preferred
Stock, including the dividend rights, original issue price, conversion rights,
voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences and sinking fund
terms thereof, and the number of shares constituting any such series and the
designation thereof, and to increase or decrease the number of shares of such
series subsequent to the issuance of shares of such series (but not below the
number of shares then outstanding). As the terms of the Preferred Stock can be
fixed by the Board of Directors without shareholder action, the Board may issue
Preferred Stock with terms calculated to defeat a proposed takeover of SEEC or
to make the removal of management more difficult. The Board of Directors,
without shareholder approval, could issue Preferred Stock with dividend, voting,
conversion and other rights which could adversely affect the rights of the
holders of Common Stock. SEEC's Board of Directors currently has no plans to
issue shares of Preferred Stock.
WARRANTS AND CONVERSION RIGHTS
Amar Foundation, a shareholder of SEEC, holds a warrant to purchase 42,998
shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $.02 per share. The warrant was
issued in April 1993 in connection with a loan to SEEC made by Amar Foundation
in the amount of $95,000. The warrant is currently exercisable, and expires on
December 31, 1999.
In connection with the Company's initial public offering, the Company
issued to H.C. Wainwright, Inc. and Cruttenden Roth Incorporated warrants to
purchase 207,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $8.70 per share.
These warrants become exercisable on January 22, 1998, expire on January 22,
2002 and are currently held by H.C. Wainwright, Inc., individuals associated
with H.C. Wainwright, Inc., Cruttenden Roth Incorporated and an individual
associated with UBS Securities LLC.
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
SEEC has entered into a Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August
15, 1996 (the "Registration Rights Agreement"), with certain holders of its
Common Stock. The Registration Rights Agreement provides that each of the
parties has the right, commencing on the date which is 180 days following the
date of SEEC's initial public offering, to demand registration of some or all of
their shares under the Securities Act in
61
<PAGE> 63
connection with the offering thereof on a firm commitment underwritten basis,
subject to the demand being made by the holders of at least a majority of the
securities registerable thereunder; however, with certain exceptions, the
parties to the Registration Rights Agreement agreed with the underwriters of the
Company's initial public stock offering not to sell any Common Stock prior to
October 20, 1997 (270 days from the date of that offering) without the prior
written consent of the underwriters. As of the date of this Prospectus, the
aggregate number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as to which such demand
registration rights may be exercised is 448,450. The Registration Rights
Agreement also provides that each of the parties has the right, whenever SEEC
proposes to register any of its securities, to require that SEEC include in such
registration some or all of each of the parties' shares. The expenses of such
registrations (other than underwriting discounts and commissions) will be borne
by SEEC. SEEC has agreed to indemnify the parties to the Registration Rights
Agreement for losses caused by (i) any untrue or alleged untrue statement or
omission of material fact in any registration statement and (ii) with certain
exceptions, any violation by SEEC of the Securities Act or any rule or
regulation thereunder in connection with a registration. SEEC also granted
certain registration rights to H.C. Wainwright, Inc. and Cruttenden Roth
Incorporated in connection with the warrants issued to them in connection with
the Company's initial public offering in January 1997. See "--Warrants and
Conversion Rights."
TRANSFER AGENT
The transfer agent for the Common Stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust
Company.
CERTAIN ANTI-TAKEOVER CONSIDERATIONS
SEEC's Articles authorize the Board of Directors to issue, from time to
time, without any further action on the part of SEEC's shareholders, up to
10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series, with such
preferences, limitations and relative rights as are determined by the Board of
Directors at the time of issuance. The issuance of shares of Preferred Stock
could be used by SEEC to discourage or make more difficult a merger, tender
offer or similar transaction involving SEEC and may encourage any party seeking
to acquire control of SEEC to negotiate the transaction, in advance, with the
Board of Directors and to present any proposed transaction to all of the
shareholders. The Board of Directors believes that an arms'-length negotiation
of the terms of any takeover of control of SEEC is likely to result in more
favorable terms for all shareholders than the terms of a takeover that is
initiated without advance negotiations with the Board of Directors.
SEEC has elected not to be governed by certain "anti-takeover" provisions
that had been added to the Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law (the "BCL"),
including provisions that (i) strip voting rights from "control shares," (ii)
require disgorgement of short-term profits upon disposition of stock by certain
controlling persons and (iii) require severance payments and protection of
collective bargaining agreements following certain control share acquisitions.
SEEC's Bylaws divide the Board of Directors into three classes, each class
to be as nearly equal in number of directors as possible. At each annual meeting
of shareholders, directors in each class will be elected for three-year terms to
succeed the directors of that class whose terms are expiring. Abraham Ostrovsky
and Stanley A. Young are Class I directors whose terms of office will expire in
2000. Radha R. Basu and John D. Godfrey are Class II directors whose terms will
expire in 1998. Ravindra Koka and Raj Reddy are Class III directors whose terms
will expire in 1999. This provision could, under certain circumstances, operate
to delay, defer or prevent a change in control of SEEC.
62
<PAGE> 64
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Upon completion of the Offering and assuming no exercise of outstanding
warrants and options, SEEC will have outstanding 6,033,096 shares of Common
Stock. Of such shares, the 2,070,000 shares sold in the Company's initial public
offering, the 1,310,000 shares sold in this Offering, and any of the 196,500
shares which may be sold upon exercise of the Underwriters' over-allotment
option, will be freely tradable by persons other than "affiliates" of SEEC, as
that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Of the remaining
shares, 2,653,096 shares of Common Stock are "restricted securities" within the
meaning of Rule 144 (the "Restricted Shares"). The Restricted Shares may not be
sold unless they are registered under the Securities Act or sold pursuant to an
applicable exemption from registration, including an exemption pursuant to Rule
144 under the Securities Act. Holders of approximately 448,450 Restricted Shares
have certain registration rights pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement.
Of these shares, 157,000 will be sold by the Selling Shareholders in the
Offering. See "Description of Capital Stock--Registration Rights."
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, a person (or persons
whose shares are aggregated) who has beneficially owned Restricted Shares for at
least one year, including persons who may be deemed to be "affiliates" of SEEC,
as that term is defined under Rule 144, may sell within any three-month period a
number of Restricted Shares that does not exceed the greater of one percent of
the then outstanding shares of the Common Stock (estimated to be 60,000 shares
after completion of this Offering,) or the average weekly trading volume of the
Common Stock on the open market during the four calendar weeks preceding such
sale. Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to certain manner-of-sale
limitations, notice requirements, and the availability of current public
information about SEEC. Pursuant to Rule 144(k), a person (or persons whose
shares are aggregated) who is deemed not to have been an "affiliate" of SEEC at
any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has beneficially
owned Restricted Shares for at least two years, would be entitled to sell such
shares under Rule 144 without regard to the volume limitations, manner-of-sale
provisions or notice requirements. Restricted Shares properly sold in reliance
upon Rule 144 are thereafter freely tradable without restrictions or
registration under the Securities Act, unless thereafter held by an "affiliate"
of SEEC.
An employee, officer or director of or consultant to SEEC who purchased or
was awarded shares or options to purchase shares pursuant to a written
compensatory plan or contract prior to the Company's initial public offering in
January, 1997, is entitled to rely on the resale provisions of Rule 701 under
the Securities Act, which permits affiliates and non-affiliates to sell their
Rule 701 shares without having to comply with Rule 144's holding period
restrictions, in each case commencing 90 days after the effectiveness of the
Offering (the "Effective Date"). In addition, non-affiliates may sell Rule 701
shares without complying with the public information, volume and notice
provisions of Rule 144. Moreover, the Company has filed registration statements
on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register all shares of Common Stock
issuable under the 1994 Plan and the 1997 Plan. Shares issued upon the exercise
of stock options after the effective date of the Form S-8 registration
statements will be eligible for resale in the public market without restriction,
subject to Rule 144 limitations applicable to affiliates and subject to the
agreements referenced in the following paragraph.
The Company, and each of its executive officers, directors and certain
other shareholders of the Company, who hold in the aggregate approximately
shares of Common Stock, options to purchase approximately
shares of Common Stock, and warrants to purchase approximately shares
of Common Stock, have agreed with the Representatives, that they will not,
without the prior written consent of UBS Securities LLC, offer, sell or
otherwise dispose of any shares of Common Stock, options or warrants to acquire
shares of Common Stock or securities exchangeable for or convertible into shares
of common stock for a period of 90 days after the date of this Prospectus,
except that the Company may grant additional options under its stock option
plans and issue shares upon the exercise of outstanding stock options during the
90-day period following the Effective Date.
No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that sales of shares
that are not Restricted Shares or sales of Restricted Shares, or the
availability of Restricted Shares for sale, by existing shareholders in reliance
upon Rule 144, pursuant to registration or otherwise will have on the market
price of Common Stock. The sale by SEEC or the shareholders referred to above of
a substantial number of shares of Common Stock after this Offering could
adversely affect the market price for the Common Stock.
63
<PAGE> 65
UNDERWRITING
Subject to the terms and conditions of the Underwriting Agreement, the
underwriters named below (the "Underwriters"), for whom UBS Securities LLC, H.C.
Wainwright & Co., Inc. and Cruttenden Roth Incorporated, are acting as
representatives (the "Representatives"), have agreed to purchase from the
Company and the Selling Shareholders the following respective number of shares
of Common Stock:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF
UNDERWRITERS SHARES
------------ ---------
<S> <C>
UBS Securities LLC...............................................................
H.C. Wainwright & Co., Inc. .....................................................
Cruttenden Roth Incorporated.....................................................
---------
Total..........................................................................
=========
</TABLE>
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the obligations of the
Underwriters are subject to certain conditions precedent, including the absence
of any material adverse change in the company's business and the receipt of
certain certificates, opinions and letters from the Company and its counsel. The
nature of the Underwriters' obligation is such that they are committed to
purchase all shares of Common Stock offered hereby if any such shares are
purchased. The Underwriting Agreement contains certain provisions whereby if any
Underwriter defaults in its obligations to purchase shares, and the aggregate
obligations of the Underwriters so defaulting do not exceed ten percent of the
shares offered hereby, the remaining Underwriters, or some of them, must assume
such obligations.
The Representatives have advised the Company and the Selling Shareholders
that the Underwriters propose to offer the shares of Common Stock directly to
the public at the offering price set forth on the cover of this Prospectus, and
to certain dealers at such price less a concession not in excess of $
per share. The Underwriters may allow and such dealers may reallow a concession
not in excess of $ per share to certain other dealers. After the public
offering of the shares of Common Stock, the offering price and other selling
terms may be changed by the Underwriters.
The Company and certain of the Selling Shareholders have granted to the
Underwriters an option, exercisable no later than 30 days after the date of this
Prospectus, to purchase up to a total of 196,500 additional shares of Common
Stock to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price set forth
on the cover page of this Prospectus, less the underwriting discounts and
commissions. To the extent that the Underwriters exercise such option, each of
the Underwriters will have a firm commitment to purchase approximately the same
percentage thereof which the number of shares of Common Stock to be purchased by
it shown in the above table bears to the total number of shares of Common Stock
offered hereby. The Selling Shareholders will be obligated, pursuant to the
option, to sell such shares to the Underwriters to the extent the option is
exercised.
The Company and the Selling Shareholders have agreed to indemnify the
Underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act, and to contribute to payments the Underwriters may be required
to make in respect thereof.
The executive officers, directors and certain other shareholders of the
Company have agreed that they will not, without the prior written consent of UBS
Securities LLC, offer, sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of Common Stock,
options or warrants to acquire shares of Common Stock or securities exchangeable
for or convertible into shares of Common Stock for a period of 90 days after the
date of this Prospectus, except that the Company may grant additional options
under its stock option plans and issue shares upon the exercise of outstanding
stock options.
In connection with the Offering, the Underwriters may engage in
transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the
Common Stock. Specifically, the Underwriters may overallot the Offering,
64
<PAGE> 66
creating a syndicate short position. In addition, the Underwriters may bid for
and purchase shares of Common Stock in the open market to cover syndicate short
positions or to stabilize the price of the Common Stock. Finally, the
Underwriters may reclaim selling concessions from syndicate members in the
Offering if the syndicate repurchases previously distributed Common Stock in
syndicate covering transactions, in stabilizing transactions or otherwise. Any
of these activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the Common
Stock above independent market levels. The Underwriters are not required to
engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities at any time.
In connection with this Offering, certain Underwriters, who are qualified
registered market makers on the Nasdaq Stock Market, may engage in passive
market making on Nasdaq in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M under the
Exchange Act during the one day period before the commencement of the offers or
sales of the Common Stock. The passive market making transactions must comply
with applicable volume and price limits and be identified as such. In general, a
passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the
highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered
before the passive market maker's bid, however, such bid must then be lowered
when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize
the market price of the Common Stock above independent market level and, if
commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
The Representatives have advised the Company that the Underwriters do not
intend to confirm sales to any account over which they exercise discretionary
authority in excess of five percent of the number of shares of Common Stock
offered hereby.
In connection with the Company's initial public offering, the Company
issued to H.C. Wainwright, Inc. and Cruttenden Roth Incorporated warrants to
purchase 207,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $8.70 per share.
These warrants became exercisable on January 22, 1998, expire on January 22,
2002 and currently are held by H.C. Wainwright, Inc., individuals associated
with H.C. Wainwright, Inc., Cruttenden Roth Incorporated, and an individual
associated with UBS Securities LLC.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the Common Stock offered hereby will be passed upon for
SEEC by Cohen & Grigsby, P.C., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Certain legal matters
in connection with the offering will be passed upon for the Underwriters by
Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison LLP, New York, New York.
EXPERTS
The financial statements and schedule included in this Prospectus and in
the Registration Statement have been audited by BDO Seidman, LLP, independent
certified public accountants, to the extent and for the periods set forth in
their reports appearing elsewhere herein and in the Registration Statement, and
are included in reliance upon such reports given upon the authority of said firm
as experts in accounting and auditing.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
SEEC has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Commission") a registration statement on Form S-1 (the "Registration
Statement") under the Securities Act with respect to the Common Stock offered
pursuant to this Prospectus. This Prospectus does not contain all of the
information set forth in the Registration Statement or the exhibits thereto,
certain parts of which are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations
of the Commission. For further information with respect to SEEC and the Common
Stock offered hereby, reference is made to the Registration Statement, including
the exhibits thereto. In addition, SEEC is subject to the informational
requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (as amended, the "Exchange
Act"), and in accordance therewith, files reports, proxy and information
statements with the Commission. Such information may be reviewed at, or obtained
by mail at prescribed rates from, the Public Reference Section of the Commission
at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. In addition,
65
<PAGE> 67
such information may also be reviewed at the regional offices of the Commission
at Citicorp Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois
60661-2511 and Seven World Trade Center, New York, New York 10007. The
Commission maintains a Web site that contains reports, proxy and information
statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically
with the Commission. The address of such site is http://www.sec.gov. Statements
made in this Prospectus concerning the provisions of such documents are
summaries of such documents and each such statement is qualified in its entirety
by reference to the copy of the applicable document filed with the Commission.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March
31, 1997 and the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter
ended June 30, 1997 filed by the Company with the Commission are hereby
incorporated by reference in this Prospectus except as superseded or modified
herein. All documents filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to the
Exchange Act after the date of this Prospectus and prior to the termination of
the Offering of the shares offered hereby shall be deemed to be incorporated by
reference into this Prospectus and to be a part hereof from the date of filing
of such documents. Any statement contained in any document incorporated or
deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or
superseded for purposes of this Prospectus to the extent that a statement
contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is
deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such
statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed,
except as modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this Prospectus. The
Company will provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial
owner to whom this Prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request of such
person, a copy of any and all of the documents that have been or may be
incorporated by reference herein (other than exhibits to such documents which
are not specifically incorporated by reference into such documents). Such
requests should be directed to the Company's principal executive offices at 5001
Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, telephone number (412) 682-4991.
66
<PAGE> 68
SEEC, INC.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
-----
<S> <C>
Report of Independent Certified Public Accountants.................................... F-2
Balance Sheets........................................................................ F-3
Statements of Operations.............................................................. F-4
Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Deficit)............................... F-5
Statements of Cash Flows.............................................................. F-6
Notes to Financial Statements......................................................... F-7
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE> 69
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Shareholders and
Board of Directors
SEEC, Inc.
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of SEEC, Inc. as of March
31, 1996 and 1997, and the related statements of operations, changes in
shareholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended March 31, 1997. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of SEEC, Inc. as of March 31,
1996 and 1997, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of
the three years in the period ended March 31, 1997, in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles.
BDO Seidman, LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
June 3, 1997
F-2
<PAGE> 70
SEEC, INC.
BALANCE SHEETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MARCH 31, SEPTEMBER 30,
--------------------------- 1997
1996 1997 --------------
----------- ----------- (CONSOLIDATED)
(NOTE 1)
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents....................................... $ 110,841 $ 3,811,401 $ 1,128,539
Short-term investments (Note 3)................................. -- 8,987,771 10,239,620
Accounts receivable:
Trade--less allowance for doubtful accounts of $7,776, $10,000
and $25,000 at March 31, 1996 and 1997, and September 30,
1997, respectively (Notes 4 and 10)......................... 244,679 872,363 3,697,556
Affiliate--ERA (Notes 6 and 7)................................ 992 84,142 207,867
Prepaid expenses................................................ 39,734 178,210 173,611
----------- ----------- -----------
Total current assets........................................ 396,246 13,933,887 15,447,193
EQUIPMENT, NET (Notes 5 and 10)................................... 27,693 119,565 264,057
INVESTMENT IN AFFILIATE (Note 6).................................. 5,000 5,000 5,000
----------- ----------- -----------
$ 428,939 $14,058,452 $ 15,716,250
=========== =========== ===========
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable:
Trade......................................................... $ 60,416 $ 306,778 $ 545,979
Affiliate--ERA (Notes 6 and 7)................................ -- 23,650 39,698
Accrued payroll, related taxes and withholdings................. 45,660 21,890 425,800
Accrued interest payable (Note 10).............................. 20,250 15,546 21,185
Accrued royalties (Note 6)...................................... -- 90,509 464,867
Other accrued expenses.......................................... 6,514 82,558 161,452
Deferred maintenance revenue.................................... 54,103 122,378 659,610
Customer advance................................................ 21,330 -- 65,624
Current maturities of long-term debt (Note 10).................. 60,000 120,000 --
----------- ----------- -----------
Total current liabilities................................... 268,273 783,309 2,384,215
DUE TO OFFICERS/SHAREHOLDERS (Notes 11 and 12).................... 172,477 -- --
NOTES PAYABLE TO RELATED PARTIES, LESS CURRENT PORTION (Notes 9
and 11)......................................................... 599,638 -- --
LONG-TERM DEBT, LESS CURRENT MATURITIES (Note 10)................. 240,000 120,000 --
ADVANCE ROYALTY (Note 7).......................................... 796,479 780,552 --
ACCRUED ROYALTIES (Note 7)........................................ 29,040 30,331 --
----------- ----------- -----------
Total liabilities........................................... 2,105,907 1,714,192 2,384,215
----------- ----------- -----------
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTES 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14 AND 16)
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (NOTES 2, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12 AND 15):
Preferred stock--no par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized;
none outstanding
Common stock--$.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized;
2,357,923, 5,000,833 and 5,003,096 issued and outstanding at
March 31, 1996 and 1997, and September 30, 1997,
respectively.................................................. 23,580 50,008 50,031
Additional paid-in capital...................................... 30,812 14,489,601 14,505,986
Accumulated deficit............................................. (1,731,360) (2,127,749) (1,251,980)
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments........................ -- (67,600) 27,998
----------- ----------- -----------
Total shareholders' equity (deficit)........................ (1,676,968) 12,344,260 13,332,035
----------- ----------- -----------
$ 428,939 $14,058,452 $ 15,716,250
=========== =========== ===========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-3
<PAGE> 71
SEEC, INC.
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS ENDED
YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, SEPTEMBER 30,
-------------------------------------- -----------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1997
---------- ---------- ---------- 1996 --------------
----------- (CONSOLIDATED)
(UNAUDITED) (NOTE 1)
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
REVENUES (Note 4):
Software license and maintenance fees
(Notes 6 and 7)......................... $ 392,410 $ 371,457 $1,241,911 $ 451,121 $4,012,137
Professional services--product related.... 42,355 181,395 776,287 266,391 659,339
Professional services--other.............. 349,898 476,413 604,466 371,999 118,088
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total revenues.......................... 784,663 1,029,265 2,622,664 1,089,511 4,789,564
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of Revenues:
Software license and maintenance fees
(Notes 6 and 7)....................... 91,468 101,991 252,368 94,086 614,219
Professional services--product
related............................... 13,952 58,542 470,159 135,427 584,080
Professional services--other (Note 6)... 242,921 439,545 512,559 302,708 115,760
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total cost of revenues................ 348,341 600,078 1,235,086 532,221 1,314,059
General and administrative (Note 13)...... 132,358 142,058 441,717 86,989 783,516
Sales and marketing....................... 235,977 236,788 999,496 276,221 1,719,315
Research and development (Note 6)......... 407,231 336,954 427,490 137,810 443,044
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total operating expenses................ 1,123,907 1,315,878 3,103,789 1,033,241 4,259,934
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS............... (339,244) (286,613) (481,125) 56,270 529,630
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
INTEREST INCOME (EXPENSE), NET:
Interest expense (Notes 9, 10 and 12)..... (62,866) (74,712) (50,371) (31,438) (17,444)
Interest income........................... 5,818 19,380 135,107 7,184 363,583
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total interest income (expense), net.... (57,048) (55,332) 84,736 (24,254) 346,139
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE PROVISION FOR INCOME
TAXES..................................... (396,292) (341,945) (396,389) 32,016 875,769
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES (Note 14)........ -- -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
NET INCOME (LOSS)........................... $ (396,292) $ (341,945) $ (396,389) $ 32,016 $ 875,769
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
Net income (loss) per common share.......... $ (0.15) $ (0.13) $ (0.13) $ 0.01 $ 0.17
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
Weighted average number of common and common
equivalent shares outstanding............. 2,623,826 2,630,050 3,036,027 2,912,217 5,305,370
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-4
<PAGE> 72
SEEC, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 1995, 1996 AND 1997
AND THE SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1997 (UNAUDITED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COMMON STOCK TOTAL
--------------------- ADDITIONAL UNREALIZED SHAREHOLDERS'
NUMBER OF PAID-IN ACCUMULATED GAINS (LOSSES) EQUITY
SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL DEFICIT ON INVESTMENTS (DEFICIT)
--------- ------- ----------- ----------- -------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance--April 1, 1994 (Note
1)........................ 2,036,750 $20,368 $ 30,353 $ (993,123) $ -- $ (942,402)
Exercise of stock options... 3,394 34 1,616 -- -- 1,650
Net loss for year........... -- -- -- (396,292) -- (396,292)
--------- ------- ----------- ----------- -------- -----------
Balance--March 31, 1995..... 2,040,144 20,402 31,969 (1,389,415) -- (1,337,044)
Exercise of warrants (Note
11)....................... 91,474 915 1,106 -- -- 2,021
Acquisition of software
rights from affiliate
(Note 6).................. 226,305 2,263 (2,263) -- -- --
Net loss for year........... -- -- -- (341,945) -- (341,945)
--------- ------- ----------- ----------- -------- -----------
Balance--March 31, 1996..... 2,357,923 23,580 30,812 (1,731,360) -- (1,676,968)
Issuance of common stock
for: Conversion of notes
and other long-term
liabilities payable to
related parties (Notes 9
and 12)................... 237,025 2,370 783,165 -- -- 785,535
Cash (Note 15)............ 211,425 2,114 745,326 -- -- 747,440
Initial public offering,
less issuance costs (Note
2)........................ 2,070,000 20,700 12,929,054 -- -- 12,949,754
Exercise of warrants
(Note 11)................. 124,460 1,244 1,244 -- -- 2,488
Net loss for year........... -- -- -- (396,389) -- (396,389)
Unrealized losses on
investments............... -- -- -- -- (67,600) (67,600)
--------- ------- ----------- ----------- -------- -----------
Balance--March 31, 1997..... 5,000,833 50,008 14,489,601 (2,127,749) (67,600) 12,344,260
Exercise of stock options
(unaudited)............... 2,263 23 16,385 -- -- 16,408
Net income for period
(unaudited)............... -- -- -- 875,769 -- 875,769
Unrealized gains on
investments (unaudited)... -- -- -- -- 95,598 95,598
--------- ------- ----------- ----------- -------- -----------
Balance--September 30, 1997
(unaudited) (Note 1)...... 5,003,096 $50,031 $14,505,986 $(1,251,980) $ 27,998 $13,332,035
========= ======= =========== =========== ======== ===========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-5
<PAGE> 73
SEEC, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS ENDED
YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, SEPTEMBER 30,
------------------------------------- ---------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1997
--------- --------- ----------- 1996 --------------
--------- (CONSOLIDATED)
(UNAUDITED) (NOTE 1)
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)............................ $(396,292) $(341,945) $ (396,389) $ 32,016 $ 875,769
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to
net cash used by operating activities:
Depreciation............................... 13,389 14,351 36,050 5,800 34,154
Provision for doubtful accounts............ -- 6,836 9,392 -- 17,166
Proceeds from advance royalty.............. 620,000 120,000 -- -- --
Accrued non-current interest............... 46,046 46,048 13,420 13,420 --
Accrued non-current royalty................ 10,785 11,588 1,291 4,274 (30,331)
Changes in operating assets and
liabilities:
Accounts receivable--trade............... (26,262) (62,239) (637,076) (222,758) (2,842,359)
Accounts receivable--affiliate........... (16,734) 15,742 (83,150) 992 (123,725)
Prepaid expenses......................... (17,260) (21,041) (138,476) (113,290) 4,599
Accounts payable--trade.................. (49,221) 14,020 246,362 206,715 239,201
Accounts payable--affiliate.............. (43,923) -- 23,650 81,050 16,048
Accrued payroll, related taxes and
withholdings.......................... (27,794) 10,860 (23,770) 7,910 403,910
Accrued interest payable................. 13,075 7,175 (4,704) (12,250) 5,639
Accrued royalties........................ -- -- 90,509 -- 374,358
Other accrued expenses................... 279 5,972 76,044 -- 78,894
Deferred maintenance revenue............. (2,174) 1,262 68,275 8,699 537,232
Advance royalty.......................... (81,225) (21,177) (15,927) (11,746) (780,552)
Customer advance......................... (43,355) (10,315) (21,330) (21,330) 65,624
-------- --------- ----------- --------- -----------
Net cash used by operating activities.......... (666) (202,863) (755,829) (20,498) (1,124,373)
-------- --------- ----------- --------- -----------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of equipment........................ (18,564) (16,035) (127,922) (15,849) (178,646)
Purchase of short-term investments........... -- -- (9,055,371) -- (1,156,251)
-------- --------- ----------- --------- -----------
Net cash used by investing activities.......... (18,564) (16,035) (9,183,293) (15,849) (1,334,897)
-------- --------- ----------- --------- -----------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from long-term debt................. 300,000 -- -- -- --
Repayment of long-term debt.................. -- -- (60,000) -- (240,000)
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net...... -- -- 13,697,194 747,440 --
Exercise of common stock warrants and
options.................................... 1,650 2,021 2,488 -- 16,408
-------- --------- ----------- --------- -----------
Net cash provided (used) by financing
activities................................... 301,650 2,021 13,639,682 747,440 (223,592)
-------- --------- ----------- --------- -----------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash
equivalents.................................. 282,420 (216,877) 3,700,560 711,093 (2,682,862)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS:
Beginning of period.......................... 45,298 327,718 110,841 110,841 3,811,401
-------- --------- ----------- --------- -----------
End of period................................ $ 327,718 $ 110,841 $ 3,811,401 $ 821,934 $1,128,539
======== ========= =========== ========= ===========
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for interest..... $ -- $ 19,825 $ 40,500 $ 29,250 $ 11,768
======== ========= =========== ========= ===========
Purchase of software rights from affiliate
(Note 6)................................... $ -- $ 2,263 $ -- $ -- $ --
======== ========= =========== ========= ===========
Conversion of debt to common stock (Notes 9
and 12).................................... $ -- $ -- $ 785,535 $ 785,535 $ --
======== ========= =========== ========= ===========
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments
charged to shareholders' equity
(deficit).................................. $ -- $ -- $ (67,600) $ -- $ 95,598
======== ========= =========== ========= ===========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-6
<PAGE> 74
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 1--BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Business. SEEC, Inc. (the Company) provides a suite of software products
and related services to assist primarily Fortune 1000 companies and
similarly-sized business and governmental organizations in the maintenance and
redevelopment of legacy COBOL software applications and related databases for
large mainframe systems. The Company also provides solutions for the system
redevelopment required for year 2000 compliance and to support the migration of
existing COBOL applications from a mainframe to a client/server environment.
The Company's PC-Windows-based products for COBOL application maintenance
and redevelopment are designed to be alternatives to existing mainframe-based
tools. Marketing efforts are conducted through the Company's direct sales force,
a product distributor, and relationships with third party service providers
under non-exclusive marketing licenses. The Company sells and supports its
products and services from its Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania headquarters.
The Company has a strategic software research and development alliance with
ERA Software Systems Private, Limited (ERA), a software consulting and
development group based in India. The Company and ERA are affiliated through
common ownership (see Notes 6 and 7).
Basis of Presentation. The September 30, 1997 financial statements include
the accounts of SEEC Europe Ltd., SEEC Inc.'s wholly-owned subsidiary organized
April 28, 1997. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been
eliminated. The accompanying balance sheet as of September 30, 1997, the related
statements of operations, changes in shareholders' equity (deficit), and cash
flows for the six months ended September 30, 1997, and the statements of
operations and cash flows for the six months ended September 30, 1996, have not
been audited. However, in the opinion of management, they include all
adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results
of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. The results of
operations for the six months ended September 30, 1997 are not necessarily
indicative of results to be realized for any other interim period or for the
full year.
Foreign Currency Translation. Assets and liabilities of the Company's
foreign subsidiary are translated at the rates of exchange at the balance sheet
date, and related revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates
in effect during the period. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a
currency component in shareholders' equity.
Recapitalization. On January 15, 1997, the Board of Directors effected a
1-for-2.2094 reverse stock split in connection with the January 22, 1997 initial
public offering of the Company's common stock. All shares, options, warrants and
per share amounts in the accompanying financial statements have been adjusted to
reflect the effects of this recapitalization.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Concentrations of Credit Risk. The statements
of cash flows classify changes in cash and cash equivalents (short-term,
highly-liquid investments readily convertible into cash with an original
maturity of three months or less) according to operating, investing or financing
activities. Financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to
concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, temporary cash
investments and accounts receivable.
F-7
<PAGE> 75
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 1--BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
The Company places its cash and temporary cash investments with financial
institutions which management considers to be of high quality; however, at times
such deposits may be in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
insurance limit.
Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable result
from a significant portion of revenues being derived from a small number of
entities (see Notes 4 and 7); however, the Company's customer base is dispersed
across many different industries and geographic areas. The Company generally
extends credit to its customers without requiring collateral; however, it
closely monitors extensions of credit and has not experienced significant credit
losses.
Short-Term Investments. Short-term investments consist of short duration
fixed-income securities, primarily U.S. government agency issues and corporate
bonds. The average duration of the short-term investment portfolio of debt
securities is approximately two years. The Company's short-term investments are
classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value with the net
unrealized gain or loss reported as a separate component of shareholders'
equity. Realized gains and losses are recognized in the results of operations.
Revenue Recognition. Revenues are derived from the license of software
products, customer support and maintenance contracts, and COBOL maintenance and
redevelopment contracts, including year 2000 compliance solutions. Revenue from
product sales is recognized upon shipment. Customer support and maintenance
contract revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the related agreement.
The Company provides programming and reengineering services under time and
materials and fixed-price contracts. Revenues from time and materials contracts
are recognized as the services are provided. Revenues from fixed-price contracts
are recognized on achievement of specified performance milestones negotiated
with customers. This method, which recognizes revenues on substantially the same
basis as the percentage-of-completion method, is used because management
considers milestones to be the best available measure of progress on these
contracts. Provision for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts is made in
the period in which such losses are determinable (see Note 7).
Equipment. Equipment is stated at cost. Maintenance and repairs which are
not considered to extend the useful life of assets are charged to operations as
incurred.
Depreciation of equipment is calculated using the declining-balance method.
Estimated useful lives of assets are as follows: computer equipment--3 to 5
years; software and other equipment--5 years; and furniture and fixtures--5 to 7
years.
Investment in Affiliate. The Company's investment in ERA, which represents
an ownership interest of less than 10%, is accounted for at cost. Management
does not believe that the common ownership interests of the Company and ERA are
sufficient to enable either of them to exert significant influence necessary to
require the Company's investment in ERA to be accounted for under the equity
method of accounting. Further, in management's opinion, the use of the equity
method of accounting would not have a significant effect on the Company's
financial position or results of operations.
Research and Development Costs. Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 86, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold,
Leased or Otherwise Marketed" (SFAS 86), establishes criteria for capitalization
of software development costs, beginning upon the establishment of product
technological feasibility and concluding when the product is available for
general release to customers.
Management believes that in applying the above criteria, capitalizable
costs must be carefully evaluated in conjunction with certain factors including,
among other things, costs reimbursed by the ICICI grant (see Notes 6 and 7),
anticipated future revenues, estimated economic product life, amortization
methodologies,
F-8
<PAGE> 76
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 1--BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
and frequency of changes in software and hardware technologies. After carefully
evaluating these factors, management concluded that the amounts which should
have been capitalized pursuant to FAS 86, specifically costs incurred after
technological feasibility is established and prior to general release of the
software to customers, were immaterial and therefore no software development
costs have been capitalized to date.
Advertising Costs. The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred.
Stock-Based Compensation. The Financial Accounting Standards Board has
issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation," which establishes financial accounting and reporting
standards for stock-based employee compensation plans. The Company adopted this
statement during the year ended March 31, 1997; however, it has elected to
continue to account for stock options at their intrinsic value with disclosures
of the effects of fair value accounting on net income (loss) and net income
(loss) per share on a pro forma basis (see Note 8).
Income Taxes. Deferred federal and state income taxes arise from temporary
differences and are accounted for using the asset and liability method to
recognize their tax consequences by applying enacted statutory tax rates
applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. The
effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period
that includes the enactment date (see Note 14).
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share. Net income (loss) per common and
common equivalent share, using the weighted average number of common and common
equivalent shares outstanding, was computed in accordance with Securities and
Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 83 (SAB 83) by applying the
treasury stock method. Pursuant to SAB 83, common and common equivalent shares
issued by the Company during the twelve months immediately preceding a proposed
public offering at prices substantially below the initial public offering price,
together with common share equivalents which result from the grant of common
stock options having exercise prices substantially below the initial public
offering price during the same period, have been included in the calculation of
the shares used in computing net income (loss) per share as if they were
outstanding for all periods prior to the initial public offering.
Common equivalent shares, consisting of warrants and stock options issued
more than twelve months prior to the Company's proposed filing date of its
initial registration statement (October 11, 1996), have not been included in the
computation of net loss per common share, because their effect was antidilutive.
The Financial Accounting Standards Board has issued Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 128, "Earnings per Share" (SFAS No. 128), which
establishes standards for computing and presenting earnings per share. The
adoption of this statement is not expected to have a significant impact on the
Company's Financial Statements. The Company is required to adopt the disclosure
requirements of SFAS No. 128 for interim and annual periods starting after
December 15, 1997.
Financial Instruments. The estimated fair value of the Company's financial
instruments, which include short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts
payable and notes payable, approximates their carrying value.
Comprehensive Income. In June 1997 the Financial Accounting Standards
Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130, "Reporting
Comprehensive Income" (SFAS 130), which establishes standards for reporting and
display of comprehensive income, its components and accumulated balances.
Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those
resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other
disclosures, SFAS 130 requires that all items that are required to be recognized
under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive
F-9
<PAGE> 77
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 1--BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with the same
prominence as other financial statements.
SFAS 130 is effective for financial statements for periods beginning after
December 15, 1997 and requires comparative information for earlier years to be
restated. Because of the recent issuance of this standard, management has been
unable to fully evaluate the impact, if any, the standard may have on future
financial statement disclosures. Results of operations and financial position,
however, will be unaffected by implementation of this standard.
Segment Reporting. In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
issued SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related
Information, (SFAS 131) which supersedes SFAS No. 14, Financial Reporting for
Segments of a Business Enterprise. SFAS 131 establishes standards for the way
that public companies report information about operating segments in annual
financial statements and requires reporting of selected information about
operating segments in interim financial statements issued to the public. It also
establishes standards for disclosures regarding products and services,
geographic areas and major customers. SFAS 131 defines operating segments as
components of a company about which separate financial information is available
that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding
how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.
SFAS 131 is effective for financial statements for periods beginning after
December 15, 1997 and requires comparative information for earlier years to be
restated. Because of the recent issuance of this standard, management has been
unable to fully evaluate the impact, if any, it may have on future financial
statement disclosures. Results of operations and financial position, however,
will be unaffected by implementation of this standard.
NOTE 2--CAPITAL STOCK AND INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
In January 1997 the Company sold, through an underwritten public offering,
1,800,000 common shares. In February 1997 an additional 270,000 shares were sold
pursuant to an underwriters over-allotment provision. The net proceeds of these
sales, which totaled approximately $12,950,000, are expected to be used for
expanded sales and marketing, new personnel, increased capital expenditures,
working capital and other general corporate purposes. In connection with the
initial public offering, the Company issued to underwriters warrants to purchase
additional shares of common stock (see Note 11).
In advance of the initial public offering, the Board of Directors
authorized an amendment of the Company's Articles of Incorporation to increase
the number of authorized shares of common stock to 20,000,000 shares and to
authorize the issuance of 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, without par
value, issuable in series from time to time by the Board of Directors.
F-10
<PAGE> 78
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 3--SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
Short-term investments consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNREALIZED MARKET
COST GAIN (LOSS) VALUE
----------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
March 31, 1997:
U.S. Government agency securities..................... $ 2,772,827 $ (13,716) $ 2,759,111
Corporate bonds....................................... 250,620 896 251,516
Registered investment company consisting of U.S.
Government and corporate fixed income securities... 6,031,924 (54,780) 5,977,144
----------- -------- -----------
$ 9,055,371 $ (67,600) $ 8,987,771
=========== ======== ===========
September 30, 1997--consolidated (unaudited):
U.S. Government agency securities..................... $ 3,773,488 $ 7,612 $ 3,781,100
Corporate bonds....................................... 250,581 1,045 251,626
Registered investment company consisting of U.S.
Government and corporate fixed income securities... 6,187,553 19,341 6,206,894
----------- -------- -----------
$10,211,622 $ 27,998 $10,239,620
=========== ======== ===========
</TABLE>
Management does not anticipate realization of the holding gain in the
upcoming year due to the anticipated adequacy of cash and cash equivalents
currently held to fund current operating requirements.
NOTE 4--MAJOR CUSTOMERS
During the years ended March 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, a significant
percentage of the Company's revenues was derived from a limited number of
customers. Sales to Complete Business Solutions, Inc. (CBSI) represented
approximately 41%, 32% and 19% of revenues, respectively, for such periods.
Additionally, sales to ASD International (ASD) and Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel
Corporation (WP) represented 14% and 10%, respectively, of revenues in 1996.
Sales to VIASOFT represented 13% of the Company's total revenues for the year
ended March 31, 1995. Accounts receivable from ASD and WP totaled $89,486 at
March 31, 1996. Accounts receivable from CBSI totaled $152,757 at March 31,
1997.
During the six months ended September 30, 1997, revenues from VIASOFT
accounted for 16% of the Company's total revenues. During the six months ended
September 30, 1996, sales to CBSI represented 24% of total revenues. Accounts
receivable from CBSI totaled $101,164 at September 30, 1996.
F-11
<PAGE> 79
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 5--EQUIPMENT
Equipment consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MARCH 31 SEPTEMBER 30,
-------------------- 1997
1996 1997 -------------
-------- -------- (CONSOLIDATED)
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Computer equipment.......................................... $ 52,393 $145,192 $ 271,337
Software and other equipment................................ 8,707 31,258 65,754
Furniture and fixtures...................................... 10,427 22,999 41,004
-------- -------- ---------
Total equipment............................................. 71,527 199,449 378,095
Accumulated depreciation.................................... (43,834) (79,884) (114,038)
-------- -------- ---------
Equipment, net.............................................. $ 27,693 $119,565 $ 264,057
======== ======== =========
</TABLE>
NOTE 6--TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATE
The Company and ERA developed certain COBOL analysis software products (the
Products) through their cooperative research and development efforts, which were
funded in part through grants from the Industrial Credit and Investment
Corporation of India, Ltd. (ICICI), an investment bank that administers an
agreement between the governments of the United States of America and the
Republic of India. The ongoing process of development of the Products commenced
in 1990 and has been undertaken pursuant to the terms of various agreements
among the Company, ERA and ICICI, which have been amended from time to time to
reflect their evolving relationships.
Until March 31, 1996, the Company had a 65% ownership interest in the
Products and paid a royalty to ICICI (see Note 7), a 10% royalty to ERA based on
revenues from sales or licensing of Products and a monthly research and
development fee of $5,000 to ERA.
Pursuant to a product purchase agreement (the Product Purchase Agreement)
dated March 31, 1996, the Company acquired ERA's 35% interest in the Products in
exchange for 226,305 shares of the Company's common stock. The transaction was
assigned a nominal value of $2,263 to reflect the predecessor basis of ERA in
the Products by applying the Company's accounting policy of expensing all
research and development costs.
Pursuant to the Product Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to pay
the following to:
- ERA--a research and development fee (royalty) equal to 10% of gross
Product revenues (in no event will quarterly payments be less than
$12,000) through December 31, 1996;
- ICICI on behalf of ERA--5% of gross Product revenues until such aggregate
payments (see Note 7) satisfy ERA's obligation to ICICI (the ERA
Obligation) after which such payments shall cease; and,
- ERA--a monthly maintenance fee of $5,000 for the first three years,
$6,000 for the next three years, and thereafter in amounts to be mutually
determined.
Effective January 1, 1997, the Company and ERA agreed to amend the Product
Purchase Agreement to eliminate the research and development fee (royalty) and
the monthly maintenance fee described above. Concurrently, the Company and ERA
agreed to a schedule of research and development projects to be performed by ERA
at specified rates for the benefit of the Company. At September 30, 1997, the
total estimated cost of remaining work scheduled is $35,000. Other projects may
be added as identified and agreed to by the Company and ERA.
F-12
<PAGE> 80
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 6--TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATE (CONTINUED)
Upon a change in control in ERA, as defined in the Product Purchase
Agreement, the Company has the right to repurchase some or all of its common
stock owned by ERA. In the event of a change in control in the Company, as
defined, ERA has the right to request a renegotiation of any or all of the
research and development provisions of the Product Purchase Agreement. Further,
under certain circumstances, the Company has the right to purchase ERA's
research and development facilities, at which time the Company will assume
responsibility for repayment of any unpaid ERA Obligation under the June 1, 1990
ICICI Agreement (see Note 7).
The Product Purchase Agreement, which remains in effect until terminated by
either party, places certain restrictions on ERA's ability to design or develop
similar products for itself or any third party for a period of two years
subsequent to termination. The agreement also provides that all work performed
subsequent to March 31, 1996 by ERA will be done on a work-for-hire basis; any
products developed will be owned by the Company and will not result in any
ownership rights to ERA.
The Company also had an informal arrangement with ERA to administer the
billing and collection function for a contract to provide consulting services to
a corporation operating in the United States, for which the Company retained 10%
of the collected revenues. The related contract expired in December 1996.
Effective March 1, 1996, the Company formalized its marketing arrangements
with ERA by entering into a marketing agreement to distribute the Company's
products on a non-exclusive basis in India. The agreement, which can be
terminated by either party after eighteen months, provides for royalties to be
paid by ERA to the Company based on 40% of revenues (using the suggested
international list prices established by the Company) from customers in India
through September 1, 1996, and 50% thereafter. Royalties received under the
terms of the marketing agreement amounted to $11,500 and $205,799 for the years
ended March 31, 1996 and 1997, respectively, and $39,820 and $61,100 for the six
months ended September 30, 1996 and 1997, respectively.
The Company incurred the following expenses in connection with its
activities with ERA during the periods presented below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS
ENDED
YEARS ENDED MARCH 31 SEPTEMBER 30
------------------------------ -------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1996 1997
------- ------- -------- ------- --------------
(CONSOLIDATED)
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Royalty expense........................... $26,552 $18,941 $ 36,310 $17,152 $ --
======= ======= ======== ======= ========
Research and development fees............. $60,000 $60,000 $129,218 $39,000 $ 89,614
======= ======= ======== ======= ========
Fees applicable to professional services
provided by ERA employees............... $ 5,636 $72,429 $ 77,078 $45,872 $ 4,500
======= ======= ======== ======= ========
</TABLE>
During the six months ended September 30, 1997, the Company paid to ERA
fees totaling $92,500, consisting of a sales support fee and a maintenance
support fee. These fees relate to certain U.S. sales where ERA was instrumental
in effecting the sale and for which ERA will provide ongoing maintenance support
to the customer.
F-13
<PAGE> 81
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 7--ROYALTY AGREEMENTS
VIASOFT, Inc.--Effective December 1, 1993, the Company entered into a
five-year license agreement (the License Agreement) with VIASOFT, Inc. (the
Licensee) which generally granted to the Licensee a worldwide license to use and
market certain of the Company's products on a private label basis. The License
Agreement provides, among other things, for royalties of up to 30% of any
license or maintenance fees related to licensed products and minimum advance
royalty payments totaling $900,000 during the eighteen-month exclusivity period
which expired on May 31, 1995.
Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the Company gave notice to VIASOFT
on December 3, 1996 of its intention to terminate the License Agreement as a
result of VIASOFT's not making additional minimum royalty payments of at least
$1,000,000 during the twelve-month period preceding the third anniversary of the
License Agreement. The Company received notice from VIASOFT that it did not
intend to extend the License Agreement by making such minimum payments and
acknowledging that the License Agreement would terminate effective June 4, 1997.
The License Agreement had provided that, upon termination, the Company
would be obligated to deliver to VIASOFT that number of copies of the licensed
products equal to the balance of the advance royalty divided by the applicable
licensed product royalty amounts. At such time as these copies were delivered to
VIASOFT, the Company would recognize as income the balance of the advance
royalty.
On June 30, 1997, the Company received formal notice from VIASOFT that no
further copies of the licensed products were to be delivered to VIASOFT, and
that the Company was relieved of such obligation under the terms of the License
Agreement. Accordingly, the $780,552 balance of the advance royalty has been
recognized as software license revenue in the three months ended June 30, 1997.
The Company had not received any royalty payments beyond the minimum
advance royalty of $900,000, which was being recognized as income as copies of
the licensed products were delivered to VIASOFT for resale, and, to a lesser
extent, as royalties on the related maintenance revenues were reported to the
Company by VIASOFT. Software license fees as presented in the accompanying
statements of operations includes VIASOFT royalty income of $81,225, $21,177 and
$15,927 for the years ended March 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, and $11,746 and
$780,552 for the six months ended September 30, 1996 and 1997, respectively.
Total revenues from VIASOFT, including income from the advance royalty,
represented 13%, 8% and 2% of the Company's total revenues for the years ended
March 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, and 3% and 16% for the six months ended September
30, 1996 and 1997, respectively.
The License Agreement also requires the Company to pay a royalty of 5% of
sales of its products which contain or use a COBOL parser, up to $1,000,000, but
in no event less than $100,000, over five years. Any unpaid royalties will be
paid in twelve monthly installments starting in June 1999.
ICICI--Pursuant to the terms of the June 1, 1990 ICICI agreement, as
amended (the ICICI Agreement), the Company received a $255,000 grant to
partially fund research and development costs to develop the Products in
association with ERA. The grant program administered by ICICI was designed to
accelerate the pace and quality of technological innovation through the
promotion and financing of Indo-U.S. cooperative technology development ventures
(see Note 6). ERA received a grant of Indian Rs. 4,000,000 ($111,480 at March
31, 1997) under the ICICI Agreement for similar purposes.
The ICICI Agreement requires the Company and ERA to make royalty payments
based on Product revenues up to a maximum of $525,000 and Indian Rs. 8,000,000
($222,960 at March 31, 1997), respectively. The Company and ERA are jointly and
severally obligated for payment of the royalties. However, subsequent to March
31, 1993, ICICI agreed to accept from the Company total royalties of 10% of
Product revenues and 5% of revenues from Product maintenance and Product-related
services in satisfaction of future royalties due
F-14
<PAGE> 82
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 7--ROYALTY AGREEMENTS (CONTINUED)
from the Company and ERA. Total royalty expense under the ICICI Agreement for
the years ended March 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 amounted to $33,940, $34,006, and
$122,585, and totaled $45,842 and $356,005 for the six months ended September
30, 1996 and 1997, respectively.
At March 31, 1997 and September 30, 1997, the balance of the maximum
royalty obligation to be paid by the Company pursuant to the ICICI Agreement,
after deducting accrued royalties at such dates, was $443,830 and $94,008, and
the amount of the ERA Obligation (see Note 6) was Indian Rs. 3,245,870 ($90,465)
at March 31, 1997. The ERA Obligation was fully accrued at September 30, 1997.
NOTE 8--STOCK OPTION PLANS
On September 12, 1994, the Company's shareholders approved the SEEC, Inc.
1994 Stock Option Plan (the 1994 Plan) under which a maximum of 226,305 common
shares, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, may be awarded during the 1994
Plan's ten-year term. On August 8, 1997, the Company's shareholders approved the
SEEC, Inc. 1997 Stock Option Plan (the 1997 Plan), under which a maximum of
650,000 common shares may be awarded, through June 2007. Through September 30,
1997, stock options had been awarded under the 1994 Plan only. The purpose of
the 1994 and 1997 Plans (collectively, the Plans) is to promote the interests of
the Company and its shareholders by providing key employees with additional
incentives to continue the success of the Company.
Under the Plans, options are awarded by a committee designated by the
Company's Board of Directors or, if no committee is designated, the full Board.
Incentive stock options and non-qualifying stock options may be granted to
purchase a specified number of shares of common stock at a price not less than
the fair market value on the date of grant and for a term not to exceed 10
years. Options become exercisable at such times and in such installments as
determined at the date of grant subject to continued employment and certain
other conditions including a limited ability to sell or otherwise transfer
shares issued pursuant to the Plans.
Stock option activity during fiscal years ended March 31, 1995, 1996 and
1997 was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED MARCH 31
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997
-------------------- -------------------- ---------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE
PRICE PRICE PRICE
FIXED OPTIONS SHARES PER SHARE SHARES PER SHARE SHARES PER SHARE
- ------------------------------------ ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at beginning of year.... -- $ -- 27,698 $.45 49,556 $ .45
Granted............................. 31,092 $.45 21,858 $.44 98,709 $ 4.40
Exercised........................... (3,394) $.44 -- $ -- -- $ --
Canceled............................ -- $ -- -- $ -- (1,810) $ 3.31
------ ------ -------
Outstanding at end of year.......... 27,698 $.45 49,556 $.45 146,455 $ 3.08
====== ====== =======
Options exercisable at end of
year.............................. 16,384 21,318 34,593
====== ====== =======
Weighted average fair value of
options granted during the year... $ .04 $ .87
====== =======
</TABLE>
F-15
<PAGE> 83
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 8--STOCK OPTION PLANS (CONTINUED)
Stock option activity during the six months ended September 30, 1996 and
1997 was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30
-------------------------------------------
1996 1997
------------------- --------------------
(UNAUDITED) (UNAUDITED)
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE
PRICE PRICE
FIXED OPTIONS SHARES PER SHARE SHARES PER SHARE
- ------------- ------ --------- ------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at beginning of period...................... 49,556 $ .45 146,455 $ 3.08
Granted................................................. 4,525 $3.31 79,525 $ 12.33
Exercised............................................... -- -- -- --
Canceled................................................ -- -- (3,910) $ 4.44
------ -------
Outstanding at end of period............................ 54,081 $ .69 222,070 $ 6.37
====== =======
Options exercisable at end of period.................... 27,744 42,377
====== =======
Weighted average fair value of options granted during
the period ........................................... $ .51 $ 5.94
====== =======
</TABLE>
The Company accounts for the Plans using the intrinsic value method.
Accordingly, no compensation cost has been recognized for the 1994 Plan. The pro
forma data below reflects the effect had compensation cost for the 1994 Plan
been determined based on the fair market value at the grant dates for the awards
under the 1994 Plan in accordance with SFAS No. 123.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED
MARCH 31, 1997
--------------
<S> <C> <C>
Net (Loss) As reported............................. $ (396,389)
Pro forma............................... $ (404,389)
Net (Loss) Per Share As reported............................. $ (.13)
Pro Forma............................... $ (.13)
</TABLE>
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using
the Black-Sholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions used for
grants for the year ended March 31, 1997: a risk free interest rate of 7%,
dividend yield of zero, and expected weighted average term of 2.1 years.
Volatility of 60% was only assumed in the estimation of fair value for options
granted subsequent to the Company's initial public offering, for the year ended
March 31, 1997. The estimated fair value of options granted in fiscal 1996 and
resultant compensation costs were not significant.
F-16
<PAGE> 84
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 8--STOCK OPTION PLANS (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding
at September 30, 1997:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
---------------------------------------- -----------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
RANGE OF REMAINING EXERCISE EXERCISE
EXERCISE NUMBER OF CONTRACTUAL PRICE NUMBER PRICE
PRICES SHARES LIFE (YEARS) PER SHARE OF SHARES PER SHARE
- -------------- --------- ------------ --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$.44-.49 48,651 6.94 $ .45 39,660 $ .45
$3.31-4.00 81,944 9.14 $ 3.84 2,717 $3.57
$8.13-$8.50 61,975 9.49 $ 8.27 -- $ --
$16.76-$19.00 22,000 9.83 $ 17.34 -- $ --
$24.50 7,500 9.92 $ 24.50 -- $ --
------- ------
222,070 8.85 $ 6.37 42,377 $ .65
======= ======
</TABLE>
During the year ended March 31, 1997, the Company issued non-qualified
options to purchase a total of 11,315 shares of common stock at exercise prices
of $3.62 and $7.25. During the six months ended September 30, 1997, the Company
issued non-qualified options to purchase a total of 45,000 shares of common
stock at an exercise price of $20.75, and options to purchase 2,263 shares of
common stock were exercised at an exercise price of $7.25.
At September 30, 1997, non-qualified options to purchase a total of 54,052
shares of common stock were outstanding, exercisable as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXERCISE NUMBER OF
PRICE SHARES EXERCISABLE
- -------- --------- ------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
$3.62 9,052 4,526 each at August 30, 1997 and 1998
$20.75 45,000 15,000 each at August 8, 1998, 1999 and
2000
</TABLE>
NOTE 9--NOTES PAYABLE TO RELATED PARTIES
Notes payable to related parties consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MARCH 31 SEPTEMBER 30
-------------------- 1997
1996 1997 --------------
-------- -------- (CONSOLIDATED)
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Unsecured note payable to a director with
interest at 7% due June 1996............................. $ 50,000 $ -- $ --
Unsecured note payable to shareholder with
interest at 7% due June 1996............................. 95,000 -- --
Unsecured advance from shareholder with imputed
interest at 7%........................................... 75,000 -- --
10% subordinated notes due April 1997--Series I............ 100,000 -- --
10% subordinated notes due September 1997--Series II
(including $25,000 to a director)........................ 125,000 -- --
Accrued interest........................................... 154,638 -- --
-------- --- ---
$599,638 $ -- $ --
======== === ===
</TABLE>
F-17
<PAGE> 85
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 9--NOTES PAYABLE TO RELATED PARTIES (CONTINUED)
In connection with negotiating the terms of the notes and advances payable,
the Company issued warrants, on the basis of one warrant (pre-split) for each
dollar of loan principal, to purchase 201,403 shares of common stock at $.02 per
share (see Note 11).
Interest charged to expense on the notes payable to related parties for the
years ended March 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 totaled $37,150, $37,152 and $11,054,
respectively, and $11,054 for the six months ended September 30, 1996.
Effective July 1996, all of the outstanding principal and accrued interest
due to the related parties was converted into 184,198 shares of the Company's
common stock at a value of $3.31 per share. Accordingly, the entire balance of
notes payable has been classified as long-term at March 31, 1996.
NOTE 10--LONG-TERM DEBT
The Company was a party to a term loan agreement with ICICI pursuant to
which ICICI made a loan of $300,000 to the Company. The loan was secured by the
Company's trade accounts receivable and equipment and required interest at the
prime rate plus 2.5% (limited to a floor of 6% and ceiling of 9%). Quarterly
principal payments of $30,000 were originally scheduled to commence December 15,
1995. On July 23, 1996, the ICICI term loan agreement was amended to defer the
start of the quarterly payments until December 15, 1996.
The entire outstanding balance of principal and interest was repaid on June
30, 1997.
NOTE 11--COMMON STOCK WARRANTS
At March 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, the Company had outstanding warrants to
purchase 258,932, 167,458 and 249,998 shares of the Company's common stock,
respectively (see Notes 2, 9 and 12). All warrants are exercisable at $.02,
except for certain warrants outstanding at March 31, 1997 to purchase 207,000
shares of common stock at $8.70 per share. These warrants, which were issued to
the underwriters in connection with the Company's initial public offering, are
not exercisable until January 22, 1998. Warrants for 91,474 and 124,460 shares
were exercised as of March 18, 1996, and March 25, 1997, respectively.
Outstanding warrants expire as follows: December 31, 1999--42,998; January 22,
2002--207,000. At March 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 and September 30, 1997, 258,932,
167,458, 249,998 and 249,998 shares of common stock, respectively, were reserved
for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding warrants.
NOTE 12--DUE TO OFFICERS/SHAREHOLDERS
A portion of the annual salaries of two officers and shareholders,
aggregating $127,106, was deferred. Interest at 7% has been accrued on the
deferred salaries. The Company also issued warrants, on the basis of one warrant
(pre-split) for each dollar of deferred salary, to purchase 57,529 shares of
common stock at a value of $.02 per share (see Note 11). Interest of $8,896 was
charged to expense during each of the years ended March 31, 1995 and 1996, and
$2,595 for the year ended March 31, 1997. Effective July 1996, the entire
balance of principal and accrued interest was converted into 52,827 shares of
the Company's common stock at a value of $3.31 per share.
NOTE 13--OPERATING LEASES
The Company's headquarters are occupied under an operating lease agreement
which expires December 31, 1997. The Company also rents an apartment and five
remote sales offices under terms of operating leases which have remaining terms
of twelve months or less. Management intends to renew or replace these
F-18
<PAGE> 86
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 13--OPERATING LEASES (CONTINUED)
leases during the normal course of business. Rent expense incurred for all
leases during the years ended March 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 amounted to $20,350,
$23,710 and $48,849, and totaled $18,364 and $74,768 for the six months ended
September 30, 1996 and 1997, respectively. Current obligations under existing
leases totaled $84,011 at March 31, 1997.
NOTE 14--INCOME TAXES
No provision for income taxes was recorded for the years ended March 31,
1995, 1996 and 1997 and the six months ended September 30, 1996 and 1997, due to
the Company's significant net operating loss position. As presented below, the
Company has calculated a deferred tax benefit; however, a corresponding
valuation allowance has been recorded to offset the deferred benefit of net
operating loss carryforwards and reversing temporary differences, since
management could not determine that it is more likely than not that the benefit
can be realized in the foreseeable future.
The components of the net deferred tax asset are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MARCH 31 SEPTEMBER 30
---------------------- 1997
1996 1997 --------------
--------- --------- (CONSOLIDATED)
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net deferred tax asset (liability) resulting from using
the cash method of accounting for tax reporting,
attributable to:
Accounts payable....................................... $ 27,571 $ 126,577 $ 221,668
Accrued payroll and related taxes...................... 18,839 8,733 163,830
Deferred maintenance revenue and advance royalty....... 350,950 372,549 267,802
Accrued interest payable............................... 90,879 6,414 8,601
Accrued royalties...................................... 11,982 49,858 188,736
Deferred compensation.................................. 52,444 -- --
Accounts receivable, net............................... (100,533) (359,937) (1,501,208)
Prepaid expenses....................................... (16,394) (73,529) (70,486)
Other, net............................................. 39,745 4,819 13,578
--------- --------- -----------
475,483 135,484 (707,479)
Tax effect of federal and state net operating loss
carryforwards.......................................... 263,301 779,169 1,252,189
--------- --------- -----------
Net deferred tax asset................................... 738,784 914,653 544,710
Valuation allowance...................................... 738,784 914,653 544,710
--------- --------- -----------
Deferred tax asset, net.................................. $ -- $ -- $ --
========= ========= ===========
</TABLE>
F-19
<PAGE> 87
SEEC, INC.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--CONTINUED
(Information for September 30, 1996 and 1997 is unaudited)
NOTE 14--INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
The Company has unused net operating loss carryforwards available at March
31, 1997 that may be applied to reduce future taxable income and expire as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NET OPERATING LOSS
EXPIRES DURING CARRYFORWARDS
YEAR ENDING --------------------------
MARCH 31 FEDERAL STATE
- -------------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
1998................................................ $ -- $ 630,442
2000................................................ -- 1,220,429
2006................................................ 65,955 --
2007................................................ 70,111 --
2008................................................ 230,949 --
2010................................................ 53,743 --
2011................................................ 255,274 --
2012................................................ 1,220,429 --
---------- ----------
$1,896,461 $1,850,871
========== ==========
</TABLE>
If an "ownership change" were to occur, within the meaning of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the utilization of net operating loss
carryforwards would be subject to an annual limitation.
The expected statutory tax benefit of the Company's financial accounting
losses for the years ended March 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 have not been recorded
due to the uncertainty of their ultimate realization. While the need for the
valuation allowance is subject to periodic review, if the allowance is reduced,
the tax benefits of the carryforwards will be recorded in future operations as a
reduction of the Company's income tax expense. During the six months ended
September 30, 1996 and 1997, an overall decrease in the temporary differences
comprising the net deferred tax asset eliminated taxable income.
NOTE 15--RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In September 1996 the Company sold 4,139 shares of common stock to a
director and 43,450 shares to family members of a director at a value of $3.62
per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $172,440.
NOTE 16--COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company has entered into employment/severance (change in control)
agreements with four executive officers and has employment agreements with
certain key employees which provide for minimum annual salaries and automatic
annual renewal at the end of the initial two-year term. The agreements generally
contain, among other things, confidentiality agreements, assignment to the
Company of inventions made during employment (and under certain circumstances
for two years following termination of employment) and non-competition
agreements for the term of the agreements plus two years.
The executive employment/severance agreements provide for payments of up to
one year's compensation if there is a change of control in the Company, as
defined, and a termination of employment. The maximum contingent liability under
these agreements was approximately $363,000 at September 30, 1997.
F-20
<PAGE> 88
No dealer, salesperson or any other person has been authorized to give any
information or to make any representation not contained in this Prospectus in
connection with the offer made by this Prospectus and, if given or made, such
information or representation must not be relied upon as having been authorized
by the Company or the Underwriters. This Prospectus does not constitute an offer
to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of the securities offered
hereby to anyone in any jurisdiction in which such offer or solicitation is not
authorized or in which the person making such offer or solicitation is not
qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or
solicitation. Neither the delivery of this Prospectus nor any sale made
hereunder shall, under any circumstances, create any implication that the
information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to the date of
the Prospectus.
------------------------
Table of Contents
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Pages
-----
<S> <C>
Prospectus Summary........................ 3
Risk Factors.............................. 7
Use of Proceeds........................... 17
Price Range of Common Stock............... 17
Dividend Policy........................... 17
Capitalization............................ 18
Dilution.................................. 19
Selected Financial Data................... 20
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of
Operations.............................. 21
Business.................................. 33
Management................................ 48
Certain Transactions...................... 56
Principal and Selling Shareholders........ 59
Description of Capital Stock.............. 61
Shares Eligible for Future Sale........... 63
Underwriting.............................. 64
Legal Matters............................. 65
Experts................................... 65
Additional Information.................... 65
Index to Financial Statements............. F-1
</TABLE>
1,310,000 SHARES
SEEC, INC. [LOGO]
COMMON STOCK
-----------------------------
PROSPECTUS
, 1997
----------------------------
UBS SECURITIES
H.C. WAINWRIGHT & CO., INC.
CRUTTENDEN ROTH
INCORPORATED
<PAGE> 89
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 13. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
The following table sets forth the expenses which will be incurred in
connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being
registered, other than underwriting discounts and commissions. All fees and
expenses are estimated other than the Securities and Exchange Commission
registration fee, NASD filing fee and Nasdaq filing fee.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AMOUNT
--------
<S> <C>
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee....................... $ 10,043
NASD filing fee........................................................... 3,833
Transfer agent fees....................................................... 5,000
Nasdaq filing fee......................................................... 17,500
Blue Sky fees and expenses................................................ 250
Printing and engraving expenses........................................... 40,000
Legal fees and expenses................................................... 80,000
Accounting fees and expenses.............................................. 40,000
Miscellaneous expenses.................................................... 53,374
--------
Total................................................................... $250,000
========
</TABLE>
ITEM 14. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Sections 1741 through 1750 of Subchapter D, Chapter 17, of the Pennsylvania
Business Corporation Law of 1988 (the "BCL") contain provisions for mandatory
and discretionary indemnification of a corporation's directors, officers and
other personnel, and related matters.
Under Section 1741, subject to certain limitations, a corporation has the
power to indemnify directors and officers under certain prescribed circumstances
against expenses (including attorney's fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid
in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with an action or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, to which
any of them is a party by reason of his being a representative, director or
officer of the corporation or serving at the request of the corporation as a
representative of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise, if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably
believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation and,
with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his
conduct was unlawful. Under Section 1743, indemnification is mandatory to the
extent that the officer or director has been successful on the merits or
otherwise in defense of any action or proceeding if the appropriate standards of
conduct are met.
Section 1742 provides for indemnification in derivative actions except in
respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which the person has been adjudged
to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the proper
court determines upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability
but in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly and
reasonably entitled to indemnity for the expenses that the court deems proper.
Section 1744 provides that, unless ordered by a court, any indemnification
under Section 1741 or 1742 shall be made by the corporation only as authorized
in the specific case upon a determination that the representative met the
applicable standard of conduct, and such determination will be made (i) by the
board of directors by a majority vote of a quorum of directors not parties to
the action or proceeding; (ii) if a quorum is not obtainable, or if obtainable
and a majority of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal
counsel; or (iii) by the shareholders.
Section 1745 provides that expenses incurred by an officer, director,
employee or agent in defending a civil or criminal action or proceeding may be
paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such
II-1
<PAGE> 90
action or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such
person to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she
is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation.
Section 1746 provides generally that, except in any case where the act or
failure to act giving rise to the claim for indemnification is determined by a
court to have constituted willful misconduct or recklessness, the
indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by Subchapter 17D of the
BCL shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which a person seeking
indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any bylaw,
agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as
to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in another capacity
while holding that office.
Section 1747 also grants to a corporation the power to purchase and
maintain insurance on behalf of any director or officer against any liability
incurred by him or her in his or her capacity as officer or director, whether or
not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against the
liability under Subchapter 17D of the BCL.
Sections 1748 and 1749 extend the indemnification and advancement of
expenses provisions contained in Subchapter 17D of the BCL to successor
corporations in fundamental changes and to representatives serving as
fiduciaries of employee benefit plans.
Section 1750 provides that the indemnification and advancement of expenses
provided by, or granted pursuant to, Subchapter 17D of the BCL, shall, unless
otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has
ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the
benefit of the heirs and personal representative of such person.
Reference is made to Article VII of the Company's Amended and Restated
Bylaws, which provide in general for the indemnification of the Company's
officers and directors to the fullest extent authorized by law.
Section 1713 of Subchapter B, Chapter 17, of the BCL permits a corporation
to provide in its bylaws that, subject to certain exceptions, a director shall
not be personally liable, as such, for monetary damages for any action taken,
unless the director has breached or failed to perform the duties of his office
under Subchapter B and the breach or failure to perform constitutes
self-dealing, willful misconduct or recklessness. Article 7 of the Company's
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Section 3.10 of the Company's
Amended and Restated Bylaws provide in general that to the fullest extent that
the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, as amended, permit elimination or
limitation of the liability of directors, a director of the Company shall not be
personally liable for monetary damages for any action taken or for failure to
take any action as a director.
ITEM 15. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
The following sets forth information as of September 30, 1997 regarding all
sales of unregistered securities of the Registrant during the past three years.
All such sales were deemed exempt from registration under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), by reason of Section 4(2) or 3(b) of
the Securities Act. In connection with each of these transactions, the
securities were sold to a limited number of persons, such persons were provided
access to all relevant information regarding the Registrant and/or represented
to the Registrant that they were "accredited" investors, and such persons
represented to the Registrant that the securities were purchased for investment
purposes only and not with a view toward distribution.
(a) In January 1995, the Registrant sold 3,394 shares of Common Stock for
$.49 per share to one individual who was an existing shareholder and employee of
the Company, pursuant to the exercise of an incentive stock option issued under
the 1994 Plan.
(b) In March 1996, the Registrant sold an aggregate of 91,474 shares of its
Common Stock upon exercise of outstanding warrants at a price of $.02 per share
to three individuals, each of whom was an existing shareholder of the Registrant
and a director and/or officer of the Registrant.
II-2
<PAGE> 91
(c) In March, 1996, the Registrant issued 226,305 shares of Common Stock to
ERA Software Systems Private Limited ("ERA"), an Indian company, in
consideration at ERA's transfer to the Registrant of its ownership interest in
certain jointly-owned products and technologies.
(d) In July 1996, the Registrant issued 30,184 shares of Common Stock to
its Chairman upon conversion of the principal and accrued interest on an
aggregate of $75,000 of loans made to the Registrant from August 1990 to
September 1992.
(e) In July 1996, the Registrant issued an aggregate of 206,841 shares of
its Common Stock for $3.31 per share to a total of 17 accredited investors, upon
the conversion of demand notes and 10% Subordinated Notes, previously issued by
the Company, and deferred salaries payable to two officers.
(f) In July 1996, the Registrant sold 60,348 shares of Common Stock to one
individual who is an accredited investor at a price of $3.31 per share.
(g) In August and September 1996, the Registrant sold 151,077 shares of
Common Stock to a total of 14 individuals, all of whom are accredited investors,
at a price of $3.62 per share.
(h) In March 1997, the Registrant sold 124,460 shares of Common Stock upon
exercise of outstanding warrants at a price of $.02 per share to a total of 12
accredited investors, each of whom was an existing shareholder of the
Registrant.
(i) In May 1997, the Registrant sold 2,263 shares of Common Stock at a
price of $7.25 per share to one individual pursuant to the exercise of a
nonqualified stock option.
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) Exhibits
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT
- ----------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
1.1
Form of Underwriting Agreement
3.1
The Registrant's Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation*
3.2
The Registrant's Amended and Restated Bylaws*
4.1 Specimen Certificate for Common Stock of the Registrant*
5.1
Opinion of Cohen & Grigsby, P.C. (including the consent of such firm) regarding
the legality of the shares of Common Stock being registered
10.1
SEEC, Inc. 1994 Stock Option Plan*
10.2
Cooperation and Project Financing Agreement dated June 1, 1990, as supplemented
and amended, among the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India,
Limited, ("ICICI"), ERA and the Registrant*
10.3
Loan Agreement dated June 20, 1994 between ICICI and the Registrant, as amended*
10.4
International Software Marketing and License Agreement dated November 29, 1993
between VIASOFT, Inc. and the Registrant, as amended*
10.5
Product Purchase Agreement dated as of March 31, 1996 between the Registrant and
ERA*
10.6
Marketing Agreement dated as of March 1, 1996 between the Registrant and ERA*
10.7
Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of July 15, 1996 among the Registrant, Glen
Chatfield and certain former noteholders of the Registrant*
10.8
Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of August 15, 1996 among the Registrant and
certain purchasers of its Common Stock*
10.9
Registration Rights Agreement dated as of August 15, 1996 among the Registrant
and certain of its shareholders*
10.10
Employment Agreement dated October 1, 1996 between the Registrant and Ravindra
Koka*
10.11
Employment Agreement dated October 1, 1996 between the Registrant and John D.
Godfrey*
</TABLE>
II-3
<PAGE> 92
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT
- ----------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
10.12 Employment Agreement dated October 1, 1996 between the Registrant and Richard J.
Goldbach*
10.13
Agreement dated July 16, 1996 between the Registrant and Raj Reddy*
10.14
Trust Agreement dated August 4, 1992 among the Registrant, Ravindra Koka and Dr.
K. Buddhiraju*
10.15
SEEC, Inc. 1997 Stock Option Plan**
10.16
Letter Employment Agreement dated December 26, 1996 between the Registrant and
Allen D. Gart**
10.17
Amendment dated January 1, 1997 to Product Purchase Agreement between the
Registrant and ERA**
10.18
Letter Employment Agreement dated March 31, 1997 between the Registrant and Sean
O'Reilly
11.1
Statement re computation of pro forma earnings per share
21.1
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1
Consent of Cohen & Grigsby, P.C. (included in legal opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1)
23.2
Consent of independent certified public accountants
24.1
Power of Attorney (included on signature page to Registration Statement)
</TABLE>
- ---------
* Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-14027)
** Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to the Registrant's Annual Report on
Form 10-K (File No. 0-21985)
(b) Schedules
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ON SCHEDULE
SCHEDULE II--VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
(a) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities
Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
registrant pursuant to the BCL, the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, or
otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities
and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event
that a claim for indemnification against liabilities (other than the payment by
the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or
controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action,
suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person
in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless
in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling,
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether
such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities
Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of
this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a
form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or
(4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this
Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities
Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall
be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-4
<PAGE> 93
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant
has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Pittsburgh, Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, on November 13, 1997.
SEEC, INC.
By /s/ RAVINDRA KOKA
------------------------------------
Ravindra Koka,
President and Chief Executive
Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears
below constitutes and appoints Ravindra Koka, his/her true and lawful
attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution,
for him/her and in his/her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to
sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments and any
registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all
exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and
agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done, as fully and to all intents and purposes as
he/she might do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said
attorney-in-fact and agent or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be
done by virtue thereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE
- ----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ RAJ REDDY Chairman and Director November 13, 1997
- -----------------------------------
Raj Reddy
/s/ RAVINDRA KOKA President, Chief Executive Officer November 13, 1997
- ----------------------------------- and Director (Principal Executive
Ravindra Koka Officer)
/s/ RICHARD J. GOLDBACH Chief Financial Officer and November 13, 1997
- ----------------------------------- Treasurer (Principal Financial and
Richard J. Goldbach Accounting Officer)
/s/ JOHN D. GODFREY Vice President and Director November 13, 1997
- -----------------------------------
John D. Godfrey
/s/ STANLEY A. YOUNG Director November 13, 1997
- -----------------------------------
Stanley A. Young
/s/ RADHA RAMASWAMI BASU Director November 13, 1997
- -----------------------------------
Radha Ramaswami Basu
/s/ ABRAHAM OSTROVSKY Director November 13, 1997
- -----------------------------------
Abraham Ostrovsky
</TABLE>
II-5
<PAGE> 94
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ON SCHEDULE II
The audit referred to in our report to SEEC, Inc., dated June 3, 1997,
which is contained in the Prospectus constituting part of this Registration
Statement, included the audit of the schedule listed under Item 16(b) for each
of the three years in the period ended March 31, 1997. This financial statement
schedule is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility
is to express an opinion on this financial statement schedule based upon our
audit.
In our opinion, such schedule presents fairly, in all material respects,
the information set forth therein.
BDO Seidman, LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
June 3, 1997
<PAGE> 95
SEEC, INC.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS--SCHEDULE II
YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 1995, 1996 AND 1997
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COLUMN A COLUMN B COLUMN C COLUMN D COLUMN E
- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------
ADDITIONS DEDUCTIONS
BALANCE AT CHARGED TO CREDITED TO BALANCE
BEGINNING COSTS AND ACCOUNTS AT END
DESCRIPTION OF PERIOD EXPENSES RECEIVABLE OF PERIOD
- ----------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
MARCH 31, 1995
Allowance deducted from related balance
sheet account--Accounts receivable...... $5,762 $ -- $ 1,827 $ 3,935
====== ====== ====== =======
MARCH 31, 1996
Allowance deducted from related balance
sheet account--Accounts receivable...... $3,935 $6,836 $ 2,995 $ 7,776
====== ====== ====== =======
MARCH 31, 1997
Allowance deducted from related balance
sheet account--Accounts receivable...... $7,776 $9,392 $ 7,168 $10,000
====== ====== ====== =======
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 96
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT
- ----------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement
3.1 The Registrant's Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation*
3.2 The Registrant's Amended and Restated Bylaws*
4.1 Specimen Certificate for Common Stock of the Registrant*
5.1 Opinion of Cohen & Grigsby, P.C. (including the consent of such firm) regarding
the legality of the shares of Common Stock being registered
10.1 SEEC, Inc. 1994 Stock Option Plan*
10.2 Cooperation and Project Financing Agreement dated June 1, 1990, as supplemented
and amended, among the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India,
Limited, ("ICICI"), Era Software Systems Private Limited ("ERA") and the
Registrant*
10.3 Loan Agreement dated June 20, 1994 between ICICI and the Registrant, as amended*
10.4 International Software Marketing and License Agreement dated November 29, 1993
between VIASOFT, Inc. and the Registrant, as amended*
10.5 Product Purchase Agreement dated as of March 31, 1996 between the Registrant and
ERA*
10.6 Marketing Agreement dated as of March 1, 1996 between the Registrant and ERA*
10.7 Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of July 15, 1996 among the Registrant, Glen
Chatfield and certain former noteholders of the Registrant*
10.8 Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of August 15, 1996 among the Registrant and
certain purchasers of its Common Stock*
10.9 Registration Rights Agreement dated as of August 15, 1996 among the Registrant
and certain of its shareholders*
10.10 Employment Agreement dated October 1, 1996 between the Registrant and Ravindra
Koka*
10.11 Employment Agreement dated October 1, 1996 between the Registrant and John D.
Godfrey*
10.12 Employment Agreement dated October 1, 1996 between the Registrant and Richard J.
Goldbach*
10.13 Agreement dated July 16, 1996 between the Registrant and Raj Reddy*
10.14 Trust Agreement dated August 4, 1992 among the Registrant, Ravindra Koka and Dr.
K. Buddhiraju*
10.15 SEEC, Inc. 1997 Stock Option Plan**
10.16 Letter Employment Agreement dated December 26, 1996 between the Registrant and
Allen D. Gart**
10.17 Amendment dated January 1, 1997 to Product Purchase Agreement between the
Registrant and ERA**
10.18 Letter Employment Agreement dated March 31, 1997 between the Registrant and Sean
O'Reilly
11.1 Statement re computation of pro forma earnings per share
21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1 Consent of Cohen & Grigsby, P.C. (included in legal opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1)
23.2 Consent of independent certified public accountants
24.1 Power of Attorney (included on signature page to Registration Statement)
</TABLE>
- ---------
* Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-14027)
** Incorporated by reference to Exhibits to the Registrant's Annual Report on
Form 10-K (File No. 0-21985)
<PAGE> 1
Exhibit 1.1
[ ] Shares
SEEC, INC.
Common Stock
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
October __, 1997
UBS Securities LLC
H.C. Wainwright & Co., Inc.
Cruttenden Roth Incorporated
As Representatives of the Several Underwriters
c/o UBS Securities LLC
299 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10171
Ladies and Gentlemen:
SEEC, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation (the "Company"),
proposes to issue and sell [ ] shares (the "Company Shares") of its authorized
but unissued common stock, $.01 par value per share (the "Common Stock"), to
the several underwriters listed on Schedule A to this Agreement (collectively,
the "Underwriters"). In addition, certain shareholders of the Company listed on
Schedule B to this Agreement (each a "Selling Shareholder" and collectively the
"Selling Shareholders"), propose to sell an aggregate of [ ] shares of the
Company's authorized and outstanding Common Stock to the Underwriters (the
"Selling Shareholder Shares") The Company Shares and the Selling Shareholder
Shares are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Firm Shares." The
Selling Shareholders also propose to grant to the Underwriters an option to
purchase up to [ ] additional shares of the Company's Common Stock (the "Option
Shares") on the terms and for the purposes set forth in Section 3(c). The Firm
Shares and the Option Shares are hereinafter collectively referred to as the
"Shares."
The Company and the Selling Shareholders, acting severally
and not jointly, wish to confirm as follows their agreements with you (the
"Representatives") and the other Underwriters on whose behalf you are acting in
connection with the several purchases by the Underwriters of the Shares.
1. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY AND THE PRINCIPAL
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS. The Company and [ ] and [ ] (each a "Principal Selling
Shareholder" and collectively the "Principal Selling Shareholders") hereby
represent and warrant as follows:
1
<PAGE> 2
(A) A registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-[ ])
including a prospectus relating to the Shares, and each amendment thereto, has
been prepared by the Company in conformity with the requirements of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), and the rules and regulations
(the "Rules and Regulations") of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Commission") thereunder, and has been filed with the Commission. Copies of
such registration statement and amendments and of the related preliminary
prospectus have been delivered to you in such reasonable quantities as you have
requested for each of the Underwriters. If such registration statement has not
become effective, a further amendment to such registration statement, including
a form of final prospectus, necessary to permit such registration statement to
become effective will be filed promptly by the Company with the Commission. If
such registration statement has become effective, a final prospectus containing
all Rule 430A Information (as hereinafter defined) will be filed by the Company
with the Commission in accordance with Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations
on or before the second business day after the date hereof (or such earlier
time as may be required by the Rules and Regulations).
The term "Registration Statement" as used in this Agreement
shall mean such registration statement (including all exhibits, schedules and
financial statements and all documents incorporated by reference therein at the
time such registration statement becomes or became effective) and, in the event
any post-effective amendment thereto becomes effective prior to the Closing
Date (as hereinafter defined), shall also mean such registration statement as
so amended; provided, however, that such term shall include all Rule 430A
Information deemed to be included in such registration statement at the time
such registration statement becomes effective as provided by Rule 430A of the
Rules and Regulations and shall also mean any registration statement filed
pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Rules and Regulations with respect to the
Shares. The term "Preliminary Prospectus" shall mean any preliminary
prospectus referred to in the preceding paragraph and any preliminary
prospectus included in the Registration Statement at the time it becomes
effective that omits Rule 430A Information. The term "Prospectus" as used in
this Agreement shall mean the prospectus relating to the Shares in the form in
which it is first filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the
Rules and Regulations or, if no filing pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and
Regulations is required, shall mean the form of final prospectus included in
the Registration Statement at the time such registration statement becomes
effective. The term "Rule 430A Information" means information with respect to
the Shares and the offering thereof permitted to be omitted from the
Registration Statement when it becomes effective pursuant to Rule 430A of the
Rules and Regulations. The term "Offering Memorandum" as used in this Agreement
shall mean the Offering Memorandum consisting of the Prospectus and a Canadian
wrap-around used in connection with the offering of the Shares in Canada.
(B) The Commission has not issued any stop order suspending
the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any order preventing or
suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, or instituted proceedings for
that purpose, and each Preliminary Prospectus, at the time of filing thereof,
conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Act and the Rules
and Regulations and, as of its date, did not include any untrue statement of a
material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading. When the Registration Statement became or becomes, as the
case may be, effective (the "Effective Date") and at all times subsequent
thereto up to and at the Closing Date, any later date on which Option Shares
are to be purchased (the "Option Closing Date") and when any post-effective
2
<PAGE> 3
amendment to the Registration Statement becomes effective or any amendment or
supplement to the Prospectus is filed with the Commission, (i) the Registration
Statement and Prospectus, and any amendments or supplements thereto, contained
and will contain all material information required to be included therein by,
and will comply with the requirements of, the Act and the Rules and
Regulations, and (ii) neither the Registration Statement nor the Prospectus,
nor any amendment or supplement thereto, will include any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The foregoing
representations and warranties in this section 1(b) do not apply to any
statements or omissions made in reliance on and in conformity with the
information contained in the [FIRST, THIRD, FIFTH, SEVENTH, EIGHTH OR NINTH]
paragraphs of the section of the Prospectus entitled "Underwriting" and the
information in the last paragraph on the front cover page of the Prospectus.
The Company has not distributed any offering material in connection with the
offering or sale of the Shares other than the Registration Statement, the
Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, the Offering Memorandum or any other
materials, if any, permitted by the Act and applicable Canadian securities
laws.
(C) The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly
existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, with full corporate power and authority to own, lease and
operate its properties and conduct its business as described in the
Registration Statement. The Company is duly qualified to do business as a
foreign corporation and is in good standing in each jurisdiction where the
ownership or leasing of its properties or the conduct of its business requires
such qualification, except where the failure to so qualify would not have a
material adverse effect on the business, business prospects, properties,
financial condition or results of operations of the Company (a "Material
Adverse Effect"). The Company has no subsidiaries (as defined in the Rules and
Regulations) and, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, does not
own, directly or indirectly, any shares of stock or any other equity or
long-term debt securities of any corporation or have any equity interest in any
firm, partnership, joint venture, association or other entity. Complete and
correct copies of the certificate of incorporation and of the bylaws of the
Company and all amendments thereto have been delivered to the Representatives,
and except as set forth in the exhibits to the Registration Statement, no
changes therein will be made subsequent to the date hereof and prior to the
Closing Date or, if later, the Option Closing Date.
(D) The Company has full power and authority (corporate and
otherwise) to enter into this Agreement and to perform the transactions
contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and
delivered by the Company and is a valid and binding agreement on the part of
the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms,
except as rights to indemnity and contribution hereunder may be limited by
applicable laws or equitable principles and except as enforcement hereof may be
limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar
laws relating to or affecting creditors' rights generally or by general
equitable principles. The performance of this Agreement by the Company and the
consummation by the Company of the transactions herein contemplated will not
result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or
constitute a default under, (i) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan
agreement, bond, debenture, note agreement or other evidence of indebtedness,
or any lease, contract or other agreement or instrument to which the Company is
a party or by which its properties are bound, or (ii) the certificate of
incorporation or bylaws of the Company or (iii) any law, order, rule,
regulation, writ, injunction,
3
<PAGE> 4
judgment or decree of any court or governmental agency or body to which the
Company is subject. The Company is not required to obtain or make (as the case
may be) any consent, approval, authorization, order, designation or declaration
of or filing by or with any court or regulatory, administrative or other
governmental agency or body as a requirement for the consummation by the
Company of the transactions herein contemplated, except such as may be required
under the Act, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange
Act") or under state securities or blue sky ("Blue Sky") laws or under the
rules and regulations of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
(the "NASD") or under applicable Canadian securities law.
(E) The Company is not (i) in violation of its certificate of
incorporation or bylaws, or (ii) in default in the performance or observance of
any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any bond,
debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness, which default would have a
Material Adverse Effect, or (iii) in default in the performance or observance
of any contract, indenture, mortgage, loan agreement, joint venture or other
agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its
properties are bound, which default would have a Material Adverse Effect, or
(iv) in violation of any law, order, rule, regulation, writ, injunction,
judgment or decree of any court or governmental agency or body to which the
Company is subject.
(F) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, there is not
pending or, to the best of the Company's knowledge, threatened, any action,
suit, claim, proceeding or investigation against the Company or any of its
officers or any of its properties, assets or rights before any court or
governmental agency or body or otherwise which might result in a Material
Adverse Effect or prevent consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
There are no statutes, rules, regulations, agreements, contracts, leases or
documents that are required to be described in the Prospectus, or to be filed
as exhibits to the Registration Statement by the Act or by the Rules and
Regulations that have not been accurately described in all material respects in
the Prospectus or filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement.
(G) All outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company
(including the Selling Shareholder Shares and the Option Shares) have been duly
authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable, have been
issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and were not
issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive right, resale right, right
of first refusal or similar right. The authorized and outstanding capital stock
of the Company conforms in all material respects to the description thereof
contained in the Registration Statement, the Offering Memorandum and the
Prospectus (and such description correctly states the substance of the
provisions of the instruments defining the capital stock of the Company). The
Company Shares have been duly authorized for issuance and sale to the
Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement and, when issued and delivered by the
Company against payment therefor in accordance with the terms of this
Agreement, will be duly and validly issued and fully paid and nonassessable and
will be sold free and clear of any pledge, lien, security interest, charge,
encumbrance, claim, equitable interest, or restriction. Except as set forth in
the Prospectus, no preemptive right, co-sale right, registration right, right
of first refusal or other similar rights of securityholders exists with respect
to any of the Shares or the issue and sale thereof other than those that have
been expressly waived prior to the date hereof. No holder of securities of the
Company has the right to cause the Company to include such holder's securities
in the Registration Statement. No further approval or authorization of any
securityholder, the Board of Directors or any duly appointed
4
<PAGE> 5
committee thereof or others is required for the issuance and sale or transfer
of the Shares, except as may be required under the Act, the Exchange Act, Blue
Sky laws or under applicable Canadian securities laws. Except as disclosed in
or contemplated by the Prospectus, the Offering Memorandum and the financial
statements of the Company, and the related notes thereto, included in the
Prospectus and the Offering Memorandum, the Company does not have outstanding
any options or warrants to purchase, or any preemptive rights or other rights
to subscribe for or to purchase, any securities or obligations convertible
into, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell, shares of its capital
stock or any such options, rights, convertible securities or obligations. The
description of the Company's stock option and other plans or arrangements, and
the options or other rights granted and exercised thereunder, set forth in the
Prospectus and the Offering Memorandum accurately and fairly presents, in all
material respects, the information required to be shown with respect to such
plans, arrangements, options and rights.
(H) BDO Seidman, LLP, independent public accountants (the
"Accountants"), who have examined the financial statements of the Company,
together with the related schedules and notes, of the Company filed with the
Commission as a part of the Registration Statement, which are included in the
Prospectus, are independent public accountants within the meaning of the Act
and the Rules and Regulations. The financial statements of the Company,
together with the related schedules and notes, forming part of the Registration
Statement, the Offering Memorandum and the Prospectus, fairly present the
financial position and the results of operations of the Company at the
respective dates and for the respective periods to which they apply. All
financial statements, together with the related schedules and notes, filed with
the Commission as part of the Registration Statement have been prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as in effect in the
United States consistently applied throughout the periods involved ("GAAP")
except as may be otherwise stated in the Registration Statement. The selected
and summary financial data included in the Registration Statement, the Offering
Memorandum and the Prospectus present fairly the information shown therein and
have been compiled on a basis consistent with the financial statements
presented therein. No other financial statements or schedules are required by
the Act or the Rules and Regulations to be included in the Registration
Statement. The statistical data included in the Registration Statement and the
Offering Memorandum is accurate in all material respects and presents fairly
the information shown therein.
(I) Subsequent to the respective dates as of which
information is given in the Registration Statement, the Offering Memorandum and
the Prospectus, there has not been (i) any material adverse change in the
business, properties or assets described or referred to in the Registration
Statement, or the results of operations, condition (financial or otherwise),
business or operations of the Company, or any development which is likely to
cause a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) any transaction which is material to the
Company, except transactions in the ordinary course of business, (iii) any
obligation, direct or contingent, which is material to the Company, incurred by
the Company, except obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business,
(iv) any change in the capital stock or outstanding indebtedness of the Company
or (v) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the
capital stock of the Company. The Company has no material contingent obligation
which is not disclosed in the Registration Statement. Except as set forth in
the Registration Statement, the Offering Memorandum and Prospectus, the Company
owns or leases all such properties as are necessary to its operations as now
conducted or as proposed to be conducted in the foreseeable future.
5
<PAGE> 6
(J) Except as set forth in the Prospectus and the Offering
Memorandum, (i) the Company has good and marketable title to all material
properties and assets described in the Prospectus and the Offering Memorandum
as owned by it, free and clear of any pledge, lien, security interest, charge,
encumbrance, claim, equitable interest, or restriction, (ii) the agreements to
which the Company is a party are valid agreements, enforceable by and against
the Company in accordance with their terms, except as enforcement may be
limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or
other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors' rights generally or by
general equitable principles, and, to the best of the Company's knowledge, the
other contracting party or parties thereto are not in material breach or
default under any of such agreements and (iii) the Company has valid and
enforceable leases for the properties described in the Prospectus and the
Offering Memorandum as leased by it, and such leases conform in all material
respects to the description thereof, if any, set forth in the Registration
Statement.
(K) The Company now holds and at the Closing Date and any
later Option Closing Date, as the case may be, will hold, all licenses,
consents, certificates, orders, approvals and permits from all state, United
States, foreign and other regulatory authorities, that are material to the
conduct of the business of the Company (as such business is currently
conducted), all of which are valid and in full force and effect (and there is
no proceeding pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened
which may cause any such license, consent, certificate, order, approval or
permit to be withdrawn, cancelled, suspended or not renewed).
(L) The Company has filed on a timely basis all necessary
federal, state and foreign income, franchise and other tax returns and has paid
all taxes shown thereon as due, and the Company has no knowledge of any tax
deficiency which has been or might be asserted against the Company which might
have a Material Adverse Effect. All tax liabilities are adequately provided for
within the financial statements of the Company.
(M) The Company maintains insurance with insurers of
recognized financial responsibility of the types and in the amounts adequate
for its business and consistent with insurance coverage maintained by similar
companies in similar businesses, including, but not limited to, insurance
covering product liability and real and personal property owned or leased
against theft, damage, destruction, acts of vandalism and all other risks
customarily insured against, all of which insurance is in full force and effect.
(N) The Company is not involved in any labor dispute or
disturbance nor, to the best knowledge of the Company, is any such dispute or
disturbance threatened. No collective bargaining agreement exists with any of
the Company's employees and, to the best knowledge of the Company, no such
agreement is imminent.
(O) The Company maintains a system of internal accounting
controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are
executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorization;
(ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to
maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in
accordance with management's general or specific
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<PAGE> 7
authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with
existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with
respect to any differences.
(P) Except as set forth in the Prospectus and the Offering
Memorandum, (i) the Company owns or possesses valid and enforceable licenses or
other rights to use all inventions, patents, patent applications, patent
rights, trademarks (registered or unregistered), trademark applications,
tradenames, service marks, service mark applications, copyrights, manufacturing
processes, formulae, trade secrets, know-how, franchises and other intangible
property and assets (collectively, "Intellectual Property") necessary to the
conduct of its business as currently conducted or proposed to be conducted as
described in the Prospectus and the Offering Memorandum; (ii) the Company has
no knowledge that it lacks or will be unable to obtain or retain any rights or
licenses to use any of the Intellectual Property necessary to conduct the
business now conducted or proposed to be conducted by it as described in the
Prospectus and the Offering Memorandum; (iii) the Company has no knowledge of
any third parties who have or will be able to establish rights to any of the
Intellectual Property, except for the ownership rights of the owners of the
Intellectual Property which is licensed to the Company; (iv) to the Company's
knowledge, there is no infringement by third parties of any of the Intellectual
Property; (v) there is no pending or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened
action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the Company's rights of
title or other interest in or to any Intellectual Property, and the Company is
unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim;
(vi) there is no pending or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened action,
suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the validity or scope of any
Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form
a reasonable basis for any such claim; (vii) there is no pending or, to the
Company's knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others
that the Company or its products or processes infringe or otherwise violate any
patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret or other proprietary right of
others, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable
basis for any such claim; and (viii) there is no pending or, to the Company's
knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by any current or
former employee, consultant or agent of the Company seeking either ownership
rights to any invention or compensation from the Company for any invention made
by such employee, consultant or agent in the course of his/her employment with
the Company, nor, to the Company's knowledge, can any such action, suit,
proceeding or claim, if instituted, be sustained. The Prospectus and the
Offering Memorandum fairly and accurately describe the Company's rights with
respect to the Intellectual Property.
(Q) The Company is conducting its business in compliance with
all of the laws, rules and regulations of the jurisdictions in which it is
conducting business, including, but not limited to, any laws, rules and
regulations applicable to the import and export of the Company's products.
(R) The Company is not, and, upon the issuance and sale of
the Shares and application of the net proceeds from such issuance and sale as
described in the Prospectus under the caption "Use of Proceeds" will not be, an
"investment company," or a "promoter" or "principal underwriter" for a
registered investment company, as such terms are defined in the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended.
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<PAGE> 8
(S) The Company has not incurred any liability for a fee,
commission, or other compensation on account of the employment of a broker or
finder in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement other
than the underwriting discounts and commissions contemplated hereby.
(T) The Company is (i) in compliance with any and all
applicable United States, foreign, state and local environmental laws, rules,
regulations, treaties, statutes and codes promulgated by any and all
governmental authorities relating to the protection of human health and safety,
the environment or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants
("Environmental Laws"), (ii) has received all permits, licenses or other
approvals required of it under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct its
business as currently conducted, and (iii) is in compliance with all terms and
conditions of any such permit, license or approval, except where such
noncompliance with Environmental Laws, failure to receive required permit
licenses or other approvals would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a
Material Adverse Effect. No action, proceeding, revocation proceeding, writ,
injunction or claim is pending or threatened relating to the Environmental Laws
or to the Company's activities involving Hazardous Materials. "Hazardous
Materials" means any material or substance (i) that is prohibited or regulated
by any environmental law, rule, regulation, order, treaty, statute or code
promulgated by any governmental authority, or any amendment or modification
thereto, or (ii) that has been designated or regulated by any governmental
authority as radioactive, toxic, hazardous or otherwise a danger to health,
reproduction or the environment. The Company has not engaged in the generation,
use, manufacture, transportation or storage of any Hazardous Materials on any
of the Company's properties or former properties, except where such use,
manufacture, transportation or storage is in compliance with Environmental
Laws. No Hazardous Materials have been treated or disposed of on any of the
Company's properties or on properties formerly owned or leased by the Company
during the time of such ownership or lease, except in compliance with
Environmental Laws. No spills, discharges, releases, deposits, emplacements,
leaks or disposal of any Hazardous Materials have occurred on or under or have
emanated from any of the Company's properties or former properties during the
time of the Company's ownership or lease thereof and the Company is not aware
of any spills, discharges, releases, deposits, emplacements, leaks or disposal
of any Hazardous Materials that have occurred on or under or have emanated from
any of the Company's properties or former properties prior to the Company's
ownership or lease thereof.
(U) The Company has not engaged in the generation, use,
manufacture, transportation or storage of any Hazardous Materials on any of the
Company's properties or former properties, except where such use, manufacture,
transportation or storage has been in compliance with Environmental Laws.
(V) The Company has not at any time during the last five
years (i) made any unlawful contribution to any candidate for foreign office,
or failed to disclose fully any contribution in violation of law, or (ii) made
any payment to any foreign, United States or state governmental officer or
official, or other person charged with similar public of quasi-public duties,
other than payments required or permitted by the laws of the United States.
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<PAGE> 9
(W) The Company has obtained agreements from each beneficial
owner of the Company's Common Stock listed on Schedule C to this Agreement
providing that such person will not, for a period of 90 days after the date of
the Prospectus, without the prior written consent of UBS Securities LLC,
directly or indirectly, offer, sell, solicit an offer to buy, make any short
sale, pledge, contract to sell, grant any option to purchase, or otherwise
dispose of or transfer, any shares of Common Stock beneficially owned as of the
date such lockup agreement is executed (including, without limitation, shares
of Common Stock which may be deemed to be beneficially owned in accordance with
the Rules and Regulations and shares of Common Stock which may be issued upon
exercise of a stock option or warrant) or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for, or any rights to purchase or acquire, shares
of Common Stock now owned or hereafter acquired directly by such beneficial
owner or with respect to which such beneficial owner has or acquired the power
of disposition, otherwise than by (a) as a distribution to partners or
shareholders of such beneficial owner, provided that the distributees thereof
agree in writing to be bound by the terms of this restriction or (b) pursuant
to a bona fide gift to any person or other entity which agrees in writing to be
bound by the terms of this restriction. Furthermore, such person or entity has
also agreed and consented to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the
Company's transfer agent against the transfer of shares of Common Stock held by
such person or entity, except in compliance with the foregoing restriction. The
Company has provided to counsel for the Underwriters a complete and accurate
list of all securityholders of the Company and the number and type of
securities held by each securityholder. The Company has provided to counsel for
the Underwriters true, accurate and complete copies of all of the agreements
pursuant to which its officers, directors and shareholders have agreed to such
or similar restrictions (the "Lock-up Agreements") presently in effect or
effected hereby. The Company hereby represents and warrants that it will not
release any of its officers, directors or other shareholders from any Lock-up
Agreements currently existing or hereafter effected without the prior written
consent of UBS Securities LLC.
(X) The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(g)
of the Exchange Act. The Shares have been duly authorized for quotation on The
Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. Automated Quotation National Market System (the
"Nasdaq National Market"). The Company has taken no action designed to, or
likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock
under the Exchange Act or delisting the Common Stock from the Nasdaq National
Market, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or
the Nasdaq National Market is contemplating terminating such registration or
listing.
(Y) Neither the Company nor, to its best knowledge, any of
its officers, directors or affiliates has taken, and at the Closing Date and at
any later Option Closing Date, neither the Company nor, to its best knowledge,
any of its officers, directors or affiliates will have taken, directly or
indirectly, any action which has constituted, or might reasonably be expected
to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of sale or resale
of the Shares.
(Z) The Company has timely and properly filed with the
Commission all reports and other documents required to have been filed by it
with the Commission pursuant to the Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and
Regulations. True and complete copies of all such reports and other documents
have been delivered to you.
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<PAGE> 10
(AA) The Company is in compliance with all provisions of
Florida Statutes Section 517.075 and the regulations thereunder, relating to
issuers doing business with Cuba.
(BB) There are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal
advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or
guarantees of indebtedness by the Company to or for the benefit of any of the
officers or directors of the Company or any of the members of the families of
any of them that are required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement,
the Offering Memorandum and the Prospectus that are not so disclosed. Except as
disclosed in Prospectus, there are no business relationships or related party
transactions required to be disclosed therein by Item 404 of Regulation S-K of
the Commission.
2. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE SELLING SHAREHOLDERS. Each
Selling Shareholder, severally and not jointly, represents and warrants to and
agrees with each Underwriter and the Company that:
(A) Such Selling Shareholder now has and on the Closing Date
and the Option Closing Date, if applicable, will have valid marketable title to
the Shares to be sold by such Selling Shareholder, free and clear of any
pledge, lien, security interest, encumbrance, claim or equitable interest other
than pursuant to this Agreement; and upon delivery of such Shares hereunder and
payment of the purchase price as herein contemplated, each of the Underwriters
will obtain valid marketable title to the Shares purchased by it from such
Selling Shareholder, free and clear of any pledge, lien, security interest,
encumbrance, claim or equitable interest pertaining to such Selling Shareholder
or such Selling Shareholder's property, including any liability for estate or
inheritance taxes, or any liability to or claims of any creditor, devisee,
legatee or beneficiary of such Selling Shareholder.
(B) Such Selling Shareholder has duly authorized (if
applicable), executed and delivered, in the form heretofore furnished to the
Representatives, through Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison LLP, counsel for the
several Underwriters (the "Underwriters' Counsel"), an Irrevocable Power of
Attorney (the "Power of Attorney") appointing [ ] AND [ ] as
attorneys-in-fact with full power of substitution (collectively, the "Attorneys"
and individually, an "Attorney") and a Letter of Transmittal and Custody
Agreement (the "Custody Agreement") with [ ], as custodian (the
"Custodian"); each of the Power of Attorney and the Custody Agreement
constitutes a valid and binding agreement on the part of such Selling
Shareholder, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as rights to
indemnification thereunder may be limited by applicable laws, equitable
principles or public policy and except as enforcement thereof may be limited by
applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar
laws relating to or affecting creditors' rights generally or by general
equitable principles; and each of such Selling Shareholder's Attorneys, acting
alone, is authorized to execute and deliver this Agreement and any certificates
deliverable on behalf of such Selling Shareholder pursuant to the terms of this
Agreement, to determine the purchase price to be paid by the several
Underwriters to such Selling Shareholder as provided in Section [ ] hereof, to
authorize the delivery of the Selling Shareholder Shares and any Option Shares
to be sold by such Selling Shareholder pursuant to the terms of this Agreement
and to duly endorse (in blank or otherwise) the certificate or certificates
representing such Shares or a stock power or powers with respect thereto, to
accept payment therefor, and otherwise to act on behalf of
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<PAGE> 11
such Selling Shareholder in connection with the consummation of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(C) All consents, approvals, authorizations and orders
required for the execution and delivery by such Selling Shareholder of the
Power of Attorney and the Custody Agreement, the execution and delivery by or
on behalf of such Selling Shareholder of this Agreement and the sale and
delivery of the Selling Shareholder Shares and any Option Shares to be sold by
such Selling Shareholder under this Agreement (other than, at the time of the
execution hereof (if the Registration Statement has not yet been declared
effective by the Commission), the issuance of the order of the Commission
declaring the Registration Statement effective and such consents, approvals,
authorizations or orders as may be necessary under state or other securities or
Blue Sky laws) have been obtained and are in full force and effect; such
Selling Shareholder, if other than a natural person, has been duly organized
and is validly existing in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of
its organization as the type of entity that it purports to be; and such Selling
Shareholder has full legal right, power and authority to enter into and perform
its obligations under this Agreement and such Power of Attorney and Custody
Agreement, and to sell, assign, transfer and deliver the Shares to be sold by
such Selling Shareholder under this Agreement.
(D) Such Selling Shareholder will not, during the Lock-up
Period, effect the Disposition of any Common Stock now owned or hereafter
acquired by such Selling Shareholder or with respect to which such Selling
Shareholder has or hereafter acquires the power of disposition, otherwise than
(a) by operation of law, (b) pursuant to a bona fide gift to any person or
other entity which agrees in writing to be bound by this restriction, or (c)
with the prior written consent of UBS Securities LLC. The foregoing restriction
is expressly agreed to preclude the holder of the Common Stock from engaging in
any hedging, equity swap or other transaction which is designed to or
reasonably expected to lead to or result in a Disposition during the Lock-up
Period, even if such Common Stock would be disposed of by someone other than
the Selling Shareholder. Such prohibited hedging, equity swap, or other
transactions would including, without limitation, any short sale (whether or
not against the box), or any purchase, sale or grant of any right (including,
without limitation, any put or call option) with respect to any Common Stock or
with respect to any security (other than a broad-based market basket or index)
that includes, relates to or derives any significant part of its value from the
Common Stock. Such Selling Shareholder also agrees and consents to the entry
of stop transfer instructions with the Company's transfer agent against the
transfer of the securities held by such Selling Shareholder except in
compliance with this restriction.
(E) Certificates in negotiable form for all Shares to be sold
by such Selling Shareholder under this Agreement, together with a stock power
or powers duly endorsed in blank by such Selling Shareholder, have been placed
in custody with the Custodian for the purpose of effecting delivery hereunder.
(F) Each of this Agreement, the Power of Attorney and the
Custody Agreement has been duly authorized by each Selling Shareholder that is
not a natural person and has been duly executed and delivered by or on behalf
of each Selling Shareholder and is a valid and binding agreement of such
Selling Shareholder, enforceable against such Selling Shareholder in accordance
with its terms, except as
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<PAGE> 12
rights to indemnification hereunder or thereunder may be limited by applicable
laws, equitable principles or public policy and except as the enforcement
hereof or thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting
creditors' rights generally or by general equitable principles; and the
performance of each of this Agreement, the Power of Attorney and Custody
Agreement and the consummation of the transactions herein and therein
contemplated will not result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and
provisions of, or constitute a default under, (i) the certificate of
incorporation or bylaws (or similar organizational documents) of such Selling
Shareholder (if not a natural person), or (ii) any indenture, mortgage, deed of
trust, loan agreement, bond, debenture, note agreement or other evidence of
indebtedness, or any lease, contract or other agreement or instrument to which
such Selling Shareholder is a party or by which the Selling Shareholder's
properties are bound, or (iii) any law, order, rule, regulation, writ,
injunction, judgment or decree of any court or governmental agency or body to
which such Selling Shareholder is subject.
(G) Such Selling Shareholder has not taken, and at the
Closing Date and at any later Option Closing Date, will not have taken,
directly or indirectly, any action that has constituted, or might reasonably be
expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of sale
or resale of the Shares.
(H) Such Selling Shareholder has not distributed and will not
distribute offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the
Shares.
(I) All information furnished by or on behalf of such Selling
Shareholder relating to such Selling Shareholder and the Shares to be sold by
the Selling Shareholder that is contained in the representations and warranties
of such Selling Shareholder in such Selling Shareholder's Power of Attorney or
set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus is, and at the time
the Registration Statement became or becomes, as the case may be, effective and
at all times subsequent thereto up to and on the Closing Date, and on any later
date on which Option Shares are to be purchased, was or will be, true, correct
and complete, and does not, and at the time the Registration Statement became
or becomes, as the case may be, effective and at all times subsequent thereto
up to and on the Closing Date, and on any later date on which Option Shares are
to be purchased, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or
omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to
make such information not misleading.
(J) Such Selling Shareholder will review the Prospectus and
will comply with all agreements and satisfy all conditions on its part to be
complied with or satisfied pursuant to this Agreement on or prior to the
Closing Date, or any later date on which Option Shares are to be purchased, as
the case may be, and will advise one of its Attorneys and UBS Securities LLC
prior to the Closing Date or such later date on which Option Shares are to be
purchased, as the case may be, if any statement to be made on behalf of such
Selling Shareholder in the certificate contemplated by Section 8(h) would be
inaccurate if made as of the Closing Date or such later date on which Option
Shares are to be purchased, as the case may be.
(K) Such Selling Shareholder does not have, or has waived
prior to the date hereof, any preemptive right, co-sale right or right of first
refusal or other similar right to purchase any of the
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<PAGE> 13
Shares that are to be sold by the Company or any of the other Selling
Shareholders to the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement; such Selling
Shareholder does not have, or has waived prior to the date hereof, any
registration right or other similar right to participate in the offering made
by the Prospectus, other than such rights of participation as have been
satisfied by the participation of such Selling Shareholder in the transactions
to which this Agreement relates in accordance with the terms of this Agreement;
and such Selling Shareholder does not own any warrants, options or similar
rights to acquire, and does not have any right or arrangement to acquire, any
capital stock, rights, warrants, options or other securities from the Company,
other than those described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.
(L) Such Selling Shareholder is not aware that any of the
representations and warranties of the Company set forth in Section 1 above is
untrue or inaccurate in any material respect.
3. PURCHASE OF THE SHARES BY THE UNDERWRITERS.
(A) On the basis of the representations and warranties and
subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company shall issue
and sell the Company Shares to the several Underwriters, each Selling
Shareholder shall sell to the several Underwriters the number of Selling
Shareholder Shares set forth in Schedule B opposite the name of such Selling
Shareholder, and each of the Underwriters shall purchase from the Company and
Selling Shareholders the respective aggregate number of Firm Shares set forth
opposite its name on Schedule A, plus such additional number of Firm Shares
which such Underwriter may become obligated to purchase pursuant to Section
3(b) hereof. The price at which such Firm Shares shall be sold by the Company
and purchased by the several Underwriters shall be $_____ per share. The
obligation of each Underwriter to the Company and each of the Selling
Shareholders shall be to purchase from the Company and the Selling Shareholders
that number of the Firm Shares which represents the same proportion of the
total number of Firm Shares to be sold by each of the Company and the Selling
Shareholders pursuant to this Agreement as the number of the Firm Shares set
forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule A hereto represents of
the total number of the Firm Shares to be purchased by all Underwriters
pursuant to this Agreement, as adjusted by you in such manner as you deem
advisable to avoid fractional shares. In making this Agreement, each
Underwriter is contracting severally and not jointly; except as provided in
paragraphs (b) and (c) of this Section 3, the agreement of each Underwriter is
to purchase only the respective number of Firm Shares specified on Schedule A.
The certificates in negotiable form for the Shares to be sold
by the Selling Shareholders have been placed in custody (for delivery under
this Agreement) under the Custody Agreement. Each Selling Shareholder agrees
that the certificates for the Shares of such Selling Shareholder so held in
custody are subject to the interests of the Underwriters hereunder, that the
arrangements made by such Selling Shareholder for such custody, including the
Power of Attorney is to that extent irrevocable and that the obligations of
such Selling Shareholder hereunder shall not be terminated by the act of such
Selling Shareholder or by operation of law, whether by the death or incapacity
of such Selling Shareholder or the occurrence of any other event, except as
specifically provided herein or in the Custody Agreement. If any Selling
Shareholder should die or be incapacitated, or if any other such event should
occur, before the delivery of the certificates for the Shares to be sold by
such Selling Shareholder hereunder, the Shares
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<PAGE> 14
to be sold by such Selling Shareholder shall, except as specifically provided
herein or in the Custody Agreement, be delivered by the Custodian in accordance
with the terms and conditions of this Agreement as if such death, incapacity or
other event had not occurred, regardless of whether the Custodian shall have
received notice of such death or other event.
(B) If for any reason one or more of the Underwriters shall
fail or refuse (otherwise than for a reason sufficient to justify the
termination of this Agreement under the provisions of Section 10 hereof) to
purchase and pay for the number of Shares agreed to be purchased by such
Underwriter or Underwriters, the non-defaulting Underwriters shall have the
right within twenty-four (24) hours after such default to purchase, or procure
one or more other Underwriters to purchase, in such proportions as may be
agreed upon between you and such purchasing Underwriter or Underwriters and
upon the terms herein set forth, all or any part of the Shares which such
defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed to purchase. If the
non-defaulting Underwriters fail so to make such arrangements with respect to
all such Shares and portion, the number of Shares which each non-defaulting
Underwriter is otherwise obligated to purchase under this Agreement shall be
automatically increased on a pro rata basis (as adjusted by you in such manner
as you deem advisable to avoid fractional shares) to absorb the remaining
shares and portion which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed to
purchase; provided, however, that the non-defaulting Underwriters shall not be
obligated to purchase the Shares and portion which the defaulting Underwriter
or Underwriters agreed to purchase if the aggregate number of such Shares
exceeds 10% of the total number of Shares which all Underwriters agreed to
purchase hereunder. If the total number of Shares which the defaulting
Underwriter or Underwriters agreed to purchase shall not be purchased or
absorbed in accordance with the two preceding sentences, the Company, on behalf
of itself and the Selling Shareholders, shall have the right, within
twenty-four (24) hours next succeeding the twenty-four (24) hour period
referred to above, to make arrangements with other underwriters or purchasers
reasonably satisfactory to you for purchase of such Shares and portion on the
terms herein set forth. In any such case, either you or the Company, on behalf
of itself and the Selling Shareholders, shall have the right to postpone the
Closing Date determined as provided in Section 4 hereof for not more than seven
business days after the date originally fixed as the Closing Date pursuant to
said Section 4 in order that any necessary changes in the Registration
Statement, the Offering Memorandum, the Prospectus or any other documents or
arrangements may be made. If the aggregate number of Shares which the
defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed to purchase exceeds 10% of the
total number of Shares which all Underwriters agreed to purchase hereunder, and
if neither the non-defaulting Underwriters nor the Company, on behalf of itself
and the Selling Shareholders, shall make arrangements within the twenty-four
(24) hour periods stated above for the purchase of all the Shares which the
defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed to purchase hereunder, this
Agreement shall be terminated without further act or deed and without any
liability on the part of the Company or the Selling Shareholders to any
non-defaulting Underwriter and without any liability on the part of any
non-defaulting Underwriter to the Company. Nothing in this paragraph (b), and
no action taken hereunder, shall relieve any defaulting Underwriter from
liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.
(C) On the basis of the representations, warranties and
covenants herein contained, and subject to the terms and conditions herein set
forth, the Selling Shareholders grant an option to the several Underwriters to
purchase all or any portion of the Option Shares from the Selling Shareholders
at the same price per share as the Underwriters shall pay for the Firm Shares.
Said option may be exercised
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only to cover over-allotments in the sale of the Firm Shares by the
Underwriters and may be exercised in whole or in part at any time (but not more
than once) on or before the 30th day after the date of this Agreement upon
written or telecopied notice by you to the Company and/or the Attorneys setting
forth the aggregate number of shares of the Option Shares as to which the
several Underwriters are exercising the option. Delivery of certificates for
the shares of Option Shares, and payment therefor, shall be made as provided in
Section 5 hereof. Each Underwriter will purchase such percentage of the Option
Shares as is equal to the percentage of Firm Shares that such Underwriter is
purchasing, the exact number of shares to be adjusted by you in such manner as
you deem advisable to avoid fractional shares.
4. OFFERING BY UNDERWRITERS.
(A) The terms of the public offering of the Shares in the
United States by the Underwriters shall be as set forth in the Prospectus. The
terms of the private placement of the Shares in Canada by the Underwriters
shall be as set forth in the Offering Memorandum. The Underwriters may from
time to time change the public offering and private placement prices after the
closing of the initial public offering and the private placement in Canada,
respectively, and increase or decrease the concessions and discounts to dealers
as they may determine.
(B) You, on behalf of the Underwriters, represent and warrant
that (i) the information set forth in the last paragraph on the front cover
page and the information contained in the [FIRST, THIRD, FIFTH, SEVENTH, EIGHTH
OR NINTH] paragraphs of the section entitled "Underwriting" contained in the
Registration Statement, the Offering Memorandum, any Preliminary Prospectus and
the Prospectus relating to the Shares (insofar as such information relates to
the Underwriters) constitutes the only information furnished by the
Underwriters to the Company for inclusion in the Registration Statement, the
Offering Memorandum, any Preliminary Prospectus, and the Prospectus, and that
the statements made therein are correct and do not omit to state any material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements made
therein in light of the circumstances under which they were made not
misleading, and (ii) the Underwriters have not distributed and will not
distribute prior to the Closing Date or on any Option Closing Date, as the case
may be, any of offering material in connection with the offering and sale of
the shares other than the Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, the
Registration Statement, the Offering Memorandum and other materials permitted
by the Act, the Rules and Regulations and applicable Canadian securities law.
5. DELIVERY OF AND PAYMENT FOR THE SHARES.
(A) Delivery of certificates for the Firm Shares and the
Option Shares (if the option granted pursuant to Section 3(c) hereof shall have
been exercised not later than 1:00 p.m., New York time, on the date at least
two business days preceding the Closing Date), and payment therefor, shall be
made at the office of Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison LLP, 1633 Broadway, New York,
New York 10019 (or at a location otherwise agreed to by the parties) at 10:00
a.m., New York time, on the third or fourth business day after the date of this
Agreement, or at such time on such other day, not later than seven full
business days after such fourth business day, as shall be agreed upon in
writing by the Company and you (the "Closing Date").
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<PAGE> 16
(B) If the option granted pursuant to Section 3(c) hereof
shall be exercised after 1:00 p.m., New York time, on the date two business
days preceding the Closing Date, and on or before the 30th day after the date
of this Agreement, delivery of certificates for the Option Shares, and payment
therefor, shall be made at the office of Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison LLP, 1633
Broadway, New York, New York 10019 (or at a location otherwise agreed to be the
parties) at 10:00 a.m., New York time, on the third business day after the
exercise of such option.
(C) Payment for the Shares purchased from the Company shall
be made to the Company or its order, and payment for the Shares purchased from
the selling Shareholders shall be made to the [CUSTODIAN], for the account of
the Selling Shareholders, in each case by wire transfer of federal funds to the
account specified by the Company or by one or more certified or official bank
check or checks in same day funds. Such payment shall be made upon delivery of
certificates for the Shares to you for the respective accounts of the several
Underwriters against receipt therefor signed by you. Certificates for the
Shares to be delivered to you shall be registered in such name or names and
shall be in such denominations as you may request at least three business days
before the Closing Date, in the case of Firm Shares, and at least two business
days prior to the Option Closing Date, in the case of the Option Shares. Such
certificates will be made available to the Underwriters for inspection,
checking and packaging at a location in New York, New York, designated by the
Underwriters not less than one full business day prior to the Closing Date or,
in the case of the Option Shares, by 3:00 p.m., New York time, on the business
day preceding the Option Closing Date.
It is understood that you, individually and not on behalf of the
Underwriters, may (but shall not be obligated to) make payment to the Company
or to the [CUSTODIAN] for the account of the Selling Shareholders for shares to
be purchased by any Underwriter whose check shall not have been received by you
on the Closing Date or any later Option Closing Date. Any such payment by you
shall not relieve such Underwriter from any of its obligations hereunder.
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<PAGE> 17
6. FURTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE COMPANY AND THE SELLING SHAREHOLDERS.
Each of the Company and the Selling Shareholders covenants and agrees as
follows:
(A) The Company will use its best efforts to cause the
Registration Statement and any amendment thereof, if not effective at the time
and date that this Agreement is executed and delivered by the parties hereto,
to become effective as promptly as possible; it will notify you, promptly after
it shall receive notice thereof, of the time when the Registration Statement or
any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement has become effective or
any supplement to the Prospectus has been filed. If the Company omitted
information from the Registration Statement at the time it was originally
declared effective in reliance upon Rule 430A(a) of the Rules and Regulations,
the Company will provide evidence satisfactory to you that the Prospectus
contains such information and has been filed, within the time period
prescribed, with the Commission pursuant to subparagraph (1) or (4) of Rule
424(b) of the Rules and Regulations or as part of a post-effective amendment to
such Registration Statement as originally declared effective which is declared
effective by the Commission. If for any reason the filing of the final form of
Prospectus is required under Rule 424(b)(3) of the Rules and Regulations, it
will provide evidence satisfactory to you that the Prospectus contains such
information and has been filed with the Commission within the time period
prescribed. The Company will notify you promptly of any request by the
Commission for the amending or supplementing of the Registration Statement or
the Prospectus or for additional information. Promptly upon your request, it
will prepare and file with the Commission any amendments or supplements to the
Registration Statement or Prospectus which, in the reasonable opinion of
counsel to the several Underwriters (the "Underwriters' Counsel"), may be
necessary or advisable in connection with the distribution of the Shares by the
Underwriters. The Company will promptly prepare and file with the Commission,
and promptly notify you of the filing of, any amendments or supplements to the
Registration Statement or Prospectus which may be necessary to correct any
statements or omissions, if, at any time when a prospectus relating to the
Shares is required to be delivered under the Act, any event shall have occurred
as a result of which the Prospectus or any other prospectus relating to the
Shares as then in effect would include an untrue statement of a material fact
or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. In case
any Underwriter is required to deliver a prospectus within the nine-month
period referred to in Section 10(a)(3) of the Act in connection with the sale
of the Shares, the Company will prepare promptly upon request, but at the
expense of such Underwriter, such amendment or amendments to the Registration
Statement and such prospectus or prospectuses as may be necessary to permit
compliance with the requirements of Section 10(a)(3) of the Act. The Company
will file no amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or
Prospectus that shall not previously have been submitted to you a reasonable
time prior to the proposed filing thereof or to which you shall reasonably
object in writing or which is not in compliance with the Act and Rules and
Regulations or the provisions of this Agreement.
(B) The Company will advise you, promptly after it shall
receive notice or obtain knowledge thereof, of the issuance of any stop order
by the Commission suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or
the use of the Prospectus or of the initiation or threat of any proceeding for
that purpose; and it will promptly use its best efforts to prevent the issuance
of any such stop order or to obtain its withdrawal at the earliest possible
moment if such stop order should be issued.
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<PAGE> 18
(C) The Company will cooperate with you in endeavoring to
qualify the Shares for offering and sale under the securities laws of such
jurisdictions as you may designate and to continue such qualifications in
effect for so long as may be required for purposes of the distribution of the
Shares, except that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith
or as a condition thereof to qualify as a foreign corporation, or to execute a
general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction, or to make any
undertaking with respect to the conduct of its business. In each jurisdiction
in which the Shares shall have been qualified, the Company will make and file
such statements, reports and other documents in each year as are or may be
reasonably required by the laws of such jurisdictions so as to continue such
qualifications in effect for so long a period as you may reasonably request for
distribution of the Shares, or as otherwise may be required by law.
(D) The Company will furnish to you, as soon as available,
copies of the Registration Statement (three of which will be signed and which
will include all exhibits), each Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, the
Offering Memorandum and any amendments or supplements to such documents,
including any prospectus prepared to permit compliance with Section 10(a)(3) of
the Act, all in such quantities as you may from time to time reasonably
request.
(E) The Company will make generally available to its
shareholders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than the
forty-fifth (45th) day following the end of the fiscal quarter first occurring
after the first anniversary of the effective date of the Registration
Statement, an earnings statement (which will be in reasonable detail but need
not be audited) complying with the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Act and
Rule 158 of the Rules and Regulations and covering a twelve (12) month period
beginning after the effective date of the Registration Statement, and will
advise you in writing when such statement has been made available.
(F) During a period of five years after the date hereof, the
Company, as soon as practicable after the end of each respective period, will
furnish to its shareholders annual reports (including financial statements
audited by independent certified public accountants) and will furnish to its
shareholders unaudited quarterly reports of operations for each of the first
three quarters of the fiscal year, and will furnish to you and the other
several Underwriters hereunder (i) concurrently with making such reports
available to its shareholders, statements of operations of the Company for each
of the first three quarters in the form made available to the Company's
shareholders; (ii) concurrently with the furnishing thereof to its
shareholders, a balance sheet of the Company as of the end of such fiscal year,
together with statements of operations, of shareholders' equity and of cash
flow of the Company for such fiscal year, accompanied by a copy of the
certificate or report thereon of nationally recognized independent certified
public accountants; (iii) concurrently with the furnishing of such reports to
its shareholders, copies of all reports (financial or other) mailed to
shareholders; (iv) as soon as they are available, copies of all reports and
financial statements furnished to or filed with the Commission, any securities
exchange or the Nasdaq National Market by the Company (except for documents for
which confidential treatment is requested); and (v) every material press
release and every material news item or article in respect of the Company or
its affairs which was generally released to shareholders or prepared for
general release by the Company. During such five-year period, if the Company
shall have any active subsidiaries, the foregoing financial statements shall be
on a consolidated basis to the extent that the
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<PAGE> 19
accounts of the Company are consolidated with any subsidiaries, and shall be
accompanied by similar financial statements for any significant subsidiary that
is not so consolidated.
(G) The Company shall not, during the 90 days following the
effective date of the Registration Statement, except with the prior written
consent of UBS Securities LLC, file a registration statement covering any of
its shares of capital stock, except that one or more registration statements on
Form S-8 may be filed at any time following the effective date of the
Registration Statement.
(H) The Company shall not, during the 90 days following the
effective date of the Registration Statement, except with the prior written
consent of UBS Securities LLC, issue, sell, offer or agree to sell, grant,
distribute or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of
Common Stock, or any options, rights or warrants with respect to shares of
Common Stock, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common
Stock, other than (i) the sale of Shares hereunder, (ii) the grant of options
or the issuance of shares of Common Stock under the Company's stock option
plans or stock purchase plan, as the case may be, existing on the date hereof,
and (iii) the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the currently
outstanding options or warrants described in the Registration Statement.
(I) The Company will apply the net proceeds from the sale of
the Shares being sold by it in the manner set forth under the caption "Use of
Proceeds" in the Prospectus.
(J) The Company will maintain a transfer agent and, if
necessary under the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company, a registrar
(which may be the same entity as the transfer agent) for its Common Stock.
(K) The Company will use its best efforts to maintain listing
of its shares of Common Stock on the Nasdaq National Market.
(L) The Company is familiar with the Investment Company Act
of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, and has in the
past conducted its affairs, and will in the future conduct its affairs, in such
a manner so as to ensure that the Company was not and will not be an
"investment company" within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940,
as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.
(M) If at any time during the 180-day period after the
Registration Statement becomes effective, any rumor, publication or event
relating to or affecting the Company shall occur as a result of which in your
reasonable opinion the market price of the Common Stock has been or is likely
to be materially affected (regardless of whether such rumor, publication or
event necessitates a supplement to or amendment of the Prospectus), the Company
will, after written notice from you advising the Company to the effect set
forth above consult with you in good faith regarding the necessity of
disseminating a press release or other public statement responding to or
commenting on such rumor, publication or event and, if the Company in its
reasonable judgment determines that such a press release or other public
statement is appropriate, the substance of any press release or other public
statement.
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<PAGE> 20
(N) All material transactions (or similar transactions which,
collectively, are material) to be entered into by the Company with ERA Software
Systems Private Limited shall be at arm's length and shall be approved by an
independent committee of the Board of Directors of the Company.
7. EXPENSES. The Company and the Selling Shareholders agrees with each
Underwriter that:
(A) The Company will pay and bear all costs, fees and
expenses in connection with the preparation, printing and filing of the
Registration Statement (including financial statements, schedules and
exhibits), the Offering Memorandum (including fees relating to the filing of
reports in Canada), Preliminary Prospectuses and the Prospectus and any
amendments or supplements thereto; the reproduction of this Agreement, the
Agreement Among Underwriters, the Selected Dealer Agreement, the Preliminary
Blue Sky Memoranda and any Supplemental Blue Sky Memoranda and any instruments
related to any of the foregoing; the issuance and delivery of the Shares
hereunder to the several Underwriters, including transfer taxes, if any; the
cost of all stock certificates representing the Shares and transfer agents' and
registrars' fees; the fees and disbursements of corporate, patent and
regulatory counsel for the Company; all fees and other charges of the Company's
independent public accountants; the cost of furnishing to the several
Underwriters copies of the Registration Statement (including appropriate
exhibits), the Offering Memorandum, Preliminary Prospectuses and the
Prospectus, and any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing; NASD
filing fees and expenses incident to securing any required review and the cost
of qualifying the Shares under the laws of such jurisdictions within the United
States as you may designate (including filing fees and fees and disbursements
of Underwriters' Counsel in connection with such NASD filings and Blue Sky
qualifications); listing application fees of the Nasdaq National Market; and
all other expenses directly incurred by the Company or the Selling Shareholders
in connection with the performance of their obligations hereunder. Any
additional expenses incurred as a result of the sale of the Shares by the
Selling Shareholders will be borne collectively by the Company and the Selling
Shareholders. The provisions of this section are intended to relieve the
Underwriters from the payment of the expenses and costs which the Selling
Shareholders and the Company hereby agree to pay, but shall not affect any
agreement which the Selling Shareholders and the Company may make, or may have
made, for the sharing of such expenses and costs. Such agreements shall not
impair the obligations of the Company and the Selling Shareholders hereunder to
the several Underwriters.
(B) If the transactions contemplated hereby are not
consummated by reason of any failure, refusal or inability on the part of the
Company or the Selling Shareholders to perform any agreement on its part to be
performed hereunder or to fulfill any condition of the Underwriters'
obligations hereunder, the Company and the Selling Shareholders will, in
addition to paying the expenses described in clause (a) above, reimburse the
several Underwriters for all out-of-pocket expenses (including reasonable fees
and disbursements of Underwriters' Counsel) incurred by the Underwriters in
reviewing the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and in preparing the
Offering Memorandum and in otherwise investigating, preparing to market or
marketing the Shares. Neither the Company nor the Selling Shareholders will in
no event be liable to any of the several Underwriters for any loss of
anticipated profits from the sale by them of the Shares.
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<PAGE> 21
8. CONDITIONS OF UNDERWRITERS' OBLIGATIONS. The obligations of the
several Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Shares, as provided herein,
shall be subject to the accuracy, as of the date hereof and the Closing Date
and any later Option Closing Date, as the case may be, of the representations
and warranties of the Company herein, to the performance by the Company of its
obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions:
(A) The Registration Statement shall have become effective
not later than 9:00 a.m., New York time, on the date following the date of this
Agreement, or such later time or date as shall be consented to in writing by
you. If the filing of the Prospectus, or any supplement thereto, is required
pursuant to Rule 424(b) and Rule 430A of the Rules and Regulations, the
Prospectus shall have been filed in the manner and within the time period
required by Rule 424(b) and Rule 430A of the Rules and Regulations. No stop
order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have
been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been initiated or, to
the knowledge of the Company, the Selling Shareholders or any Underwriter,
threatened by the Commission, and any request of the Commission for additional
information (to be included in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or
otherwise) shall have been complied with to the satisfaction of Underwriters'
Counsel.
(B) All corporate proceedings and other legal matters in
connection with this Agreement, the form of Registration Statement, the
Offering Memorandum and the Prospectus, and the registration, authorization,
issue, sale and delivery of the Shares shall have been reasonably satisfactory
to Underwriters' Counsel, and such counsel shall have been furnished with such
documents and information as they may reasonably have requested to enable them
to pass upon the matters referred to in this subsection.
(C) You shall have received, at no cost to you, on the
Closing Date and on any later Option Closing Date, as the case may be, the
opinions of Cohen & Grigsby, P.C., counsel to the Company, dated the Closing
Date or such later Option Closing Date, in the form attached hereto as Appendix
A, addressed to the Underwriters and with reproduced copies of signed
counterparts thereof for each of the Representatives.
(D) You shall have received, at no cost to you, on the
Closing Date and on any later Option Closing Date, as the case may be, the
opinion of [ ], counsel to the Selling Shareholders, dated the Closing Date or
such later Option Closing Date, in the form attached hereto as Appendix B
addressed to the Underwriters and with reproduced copies of signed counterparts
thereof for each of the Representatives.
(E) You shall have received from Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison
LLP, Underwriters' Counsel, an opinion or opinions, dated the Closing Date or
on any later Option Closing Date, as the case may be, in form and substance
reasonably satisfactory to you, with respect to the sufficiency of all
corporate proceedings undertaken by the Company and other legal matters
relating to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby as you may
reasonably require, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel such
documents as it may have reasonably requested for the purpose of enabling it to
pass upon such matters.
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<PAGE> 22
(F) You shall have received on the Closing Date and on any
later Option Closing Date, as the case may be, a letter from the Accountants
addressed to the Company and the Underwriters, dated the Closing Date or such
later Option Closing Date, as the case may be, confirming that they are
independent certified public accountants with respect to the Company within the
meaning of the Act and the Rules and Regulations thereunder and based upon the
procedures described in its letter delivered to you concurrently with the
execution of this Agreement (herein called the "Original Letter"), but carried
out to a date not more than three days prior to the Closing Date or any such
later Option Closing Date, as the case may be, (i) confirming that the
statements and conclusions set forth in the Original Letter are accurate as of
the Closing Date or such later Option Closing Date, as the case may be; and
(ii) setting forth any revisions and additions to the statements and
conclusions set forth in the Original Letter that are necessary to reflect any
changes in the facts described in the Original Letter since the date of such
letter, or to reflect the availability of more recent financial statements,
data or information. The letter shall not disclose any change, or any
development involving a prospective change, in or affecting the business or
properties of the Company which, in your reasonable judgment, makes it
impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering of the Shares
as contemplated by the Prospectus. In addition, you shall have received from
the Accountants a letter addressed to the Company and made available to you for
the use of the Underwriters stating that its review of the Company's system of
internal accounting controls, to the extent it deemed necessary in establishing
the scope of its latest examination of the Company's financial statements, did
not disclose any weaknesses in internal controls that it considered to be
material weaknesses. All such letters shall be in a form reasonably
satisfactory to the Representatives and their counsel.
(G) You shall have received on the Closing Date and on any
later Option Closing Date, as the case may be, a certificate of the President
and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, dated the Closing Date or such
later date, to the effect that as of such date (and you shall be satisfied that
as of such date):
(i) The representations and warranties of the Company
in this Agreement are true and correct, as if made on and as
of the Closing Date or any later Option Closing Date, as the
case may be; and the Company has complied with all of the
agreements and satisfied all of the conditions on its part to
be performed or satisfied at or prior to the Closing Date or
any later Option Closing Date, as the case may be;
(ii) The Registration Statement has become effective
under the Act and no stop order suspending the effectiveness
of the Registration Statement or preventing or suspending the
use of the Prospectus has been issued, and no proceedings for
that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the
best of their knowledge, threatened under the Act;
(iii) They have carefully reviewed the Registration
Statement, the Offering Memorandum and the Prospectus; and,
when the Registration Statement became effective and at all
times subsequent thereto up to the delivery of such
certificate, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus
and any amendments or supplements thereto
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<PAGE> 23
contained all statements and information required to be
included therein or necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading; and when the Registration Statement became
effective, and at all times subsequent thereto up to the
delivery of such certificate, none of the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus or the Offering Memorandum or any
amendment or supplement thereto included any untrue statement
of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading; and, since the effective
date of the Registration Statement, there has occurred no
event required to be set forth in an amended or supplemented
Prospectus or Offering Memorandum that has not been so set
forth; and
(iv) Subsequent to the respective dates as of which
information is given in the Registration Statement, the
Offering Memorandum and the Prospectus, there has not been
(A) any material adverse change in the properties or assets
described or referred to in the Registration Statement, the
Offering Memorandum and the Prospectus or in the condition
(financial or otherwise), operations, business or prospects
of the Company, (B) any transaction which is material to the
Company, except transactions entered into in the ordinary
course of business, (C) any obligation, direct or contingent,
incurred by the Company, which is material to the Company,
(D) any change in the capital stock or outstanding
indebtedness of the Company which is material to the Company,
(E) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid
or made on the capital stock of the Company, or (F) any loss
or damage (whether or not insured) to the property of the
Company which has been sustained or will have been sustained
which has a Material Adverse Effect.
(H) You shall have received on the Closing Date and on any
later Option Closing Date, as the case may be, a certificate dated as of the
date of delivery, signed by the Attorneys for the Selling Shareholders to the
effect that, as of the Closing Date, or any later Option Closing Date, as the
case may be, they have not been informed that:
(I) The representations and warranties made by the
Selling Shareholders herein are not true and correct in any
material respect on the Closing Date or the Option Closing
Date, as the case may be; and
(II) The Selling Shareholders have not complied with
any obligation or satisfied any condition which is required
to be satisfied on the part of such Selling Shareholder at or
prior to the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the
case may be.
(I) The Company and the Selling Shareholders shall have
furnished to you such further certificates and documents as you shall
reasonably request (including certificates of officers of the Company, the
Selling Shareholders or officers of the Selling Shareholders in those instances
where the Selling Shareholder is not a natural person), as to the accuracy of
the representations and warranties of the Company and the Selling Shareholders
herein, as to the performance by the Company and the Selling Shareholders of
their respective obligations hereunder and as to the other conditions
concurrent and precedent to the obligations of the Underwriters hereunder.
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<PAGE> 24
(J) The Company shall have timely filed with the Nasdaq
National Market a notification form for listing of additional shares on the
Nasdaq National Market with respect to the Firm Shares and the Option Shares,
if any; and the Firm Shares and the Option shares, if any, shall have been
approved for designation upon notice of issuance on the Nasdaq National Market.
All such opinions, certificates, letters and documents will be in
compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are reasonably satisfactory
to Underwriters' Counsel. The Company or the Selling Shareholders, as the case
may be, will furnish you with such number of conformed copies of such opinions,
certificates, letters and documents as you shall reasonably request.
9. INDEMNIFICATION AND CONTRIBUTION.
(A) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (f) below, the
Company and the Selling Shareholders jointly and severally agree to indemnify
and hold harmless each Underwriter and each person (including each partner or
officer thereof) who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15
of the Act from and against any and all losses, claims, damages or liabilities,
joint or several, to which such indemnified parties or any of them may become
subject under the Act, the Exchange Act, or the common law or otherwise, and
the Company and the Selling Shareholders jointly and severally agree to
reimburse each such Underwriter and controlling person for any legal or other
out-of-pocket expenses (including, except as otherwise hereinafter provided,
reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel) incurred by the respective
indemnified parties in connection with defending against any such losses,
claims, damages or liabilities or in connection with any investigation or
inquiry of, or other proceeding which may be brought against, the respective
indemnified parties, in each case arising out of or based upon (i) any breach
of any representation, warranty, agreement or covenant of the Company or any
Selling Shareholders contained in this Agreement, (ii) any untrue statement or
alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration
Statement (including the Prospectus as part thereof and any 462(b) registration
statement) or in the Offering Memorandum or any post-effective amendment
thereto (including any 462(b) registration statement), or the omission or
alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or (iii) any untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any
Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus (as amended or as supplemented if the
Company shall have filed with the Commission any amendment thereof or
supplement thereto) or in the Offering Memorandum or the omission or alleged
omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading; provided, however, that (1) the indemnity agreements of
the Company and the Selling Shareholders contained in this paragraph (a) shall
not apply to any such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses if such
statement or omission is contained in the section of the Prospectus entitled
"Underwriting" (except for the sixth paragraph thereof) or the last paragraph
of text on the cover page of the Prospectus or in the section of the Offering
Memorandum entitled "Representation by Purchasers", (2) the indemnity agreement
contained in this paragraph (a) with respect to any Preliminary Prospectus or
Offering Memorandum shall not inure to the benefit of any Underwriter from whom
the person asserting any such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses
purchased the Shares which is the subject thereof (or to the benefit of any
person controlling such Underwriter) if at or prior to the written confirmation
of the sale of such Shares a
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<PAGE> 25
copy of the Prospectus (or the Prospectus as amended or supplemented or, in the
case of purchasers resident in Ontario, Canada, the revised Offering
Memorandum) was not sent or delivered to such person (excluding any documents
incorporated therein by reference) and the untrue statement or omission of a
material fact contained in such Preliminary Prospectus was corrected in the
Prospectus (or the Prospectus as amended or supplemented or, in the case of
purchasers resident in Ontario, Canada, the revised Offering Memorandum) unless
the failure is the result of noncompliance by the Company with paragraph (a) of
Section 5 hereof, and (3) each Selling Shareholder (other than a Principal
Selling Shareholder) shall only be liable under this section with respect to
(A) information pertaining to such Selling Shareholder furnished by or on
behalf of such Selling Shareholder expressly for use in any Preliminary
Prospectus or the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any such
amendment thereof or supplement thereto or (B) facts that would constitute a
breach of any representation or warranty of such Selling Shareholder set forth
in Section 2 hereof. The indemnity agreements of the Company contained in this
paragraph (a) and the representations and warranties of the Company contained
in Section 1 hereof shall remain operative and in full force and effect
regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any indemnified party
and shall survive the delivery of and payment for the Shares.
(B) Each Underwriter severally and not jointly agrees to
indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of its executive officers, each
of its directors, each other Underwriter and each person (including each
partner or officer thereof) who controls the Company or any such other
Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act, and the Selling
Shareholders from and against any and all losses, claims, damages or
liabilities, joint or several, to which such indemnified parties or any of them
may become subject under the Act, the Exchange Act, or the common law or
otherwise and to reimburse each of them for any legal or other expenses
including, except as otherwise hereinafter provided, reasonable fees and
disbursements of counsel) incurred by the respective indemnified parties in
connection with defending against any such losses, claims, damages or
liabilities or in connection with any investigation or inquiry of, or other
proceeding which may be brought against, the respective indemnified parties, in
each case arising out of or based upon (i) any breach of any representation,
warranty, agreement or covenant of such Underwriter contained in this
Agreement, (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material
fact contained in the Registration Statement (including the Prospectus as part
thereof and any Rule 462(b) registration statement) or in the Offering
Memorandum or any post-effective amendment thereto (including any 462(b)
registration statement) or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading or (iii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue
statement of a material fact contained in any Preliminary Prospectus or the
Prospectus (as amended or as supplemented if the Company shall have filed with
the Commission any amendment thereof or supplement thereto) or in the Offering
Memorandum or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact
necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however,
that in the cases of clauses (i) and (ii) above, such statement or omission is
contained in the Section of the Prospectus entitled "Underwriting" (except for
the [ ] paragraph thereof) or the last paragraph on the cover page of the
Prospectus or in the section of the Offering Memorandum entitled
"Representations by Purchasers." The indemnity agreement of each Underwriter
contained in this paragraph (b) shall remain operative and in full force and
effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any indemnified
party and shall survive the delivery of and payment for the Shares.
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<PAGE> 26
(C) Each party indemnified under the provision of paragraphs
(a) and (b) of this Section 9 agrees that, upon the service of a summons or
other initial legal process upon it in any action or suit instituted against it
or upon its receipt of written notification of the commencement of any
investigation or inquiry of, or proceeding against it, in respect of which
indemnity may be sought on account of any indemnity agreement contained in such
paragraphs, it will promptly give written notice (a "Notice") of such service
or notification to the party or parties from whom indemnification may be sought
hereunder. No indemnification provided for in such paragraphs shall be
available to any party who shall fail so to give the Notice if the party to
whom such Notice was not given was unaware of the action, suit, investigation,
inquiry or proceeding to which the Notice would have related and was prejudiced
by the failure to give the Notice, but the omission so to notify such
indemnifying party or parties of any such service or notification shall not
relieve such indemnifying party or parties from any liability which it or they
may have to the indemnified party for contribution or otherwise than on account
of such indemnity agreement. Any indemnifying party shall be entitled at its
own expense to participate in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding
against, or investigation or inquiry of, an indemnified party. Any indemnifying
party shall be entitled, if it so elects within a reasonable time after receipt
of the Notice by giving written notice (the "Notice of Defense") to the
indemnified party, to assume (alone or in conjunction with any other
indemnifying party or parties) the entire defense of such action, suit,
investigation, inquiry or proceeding, in which event such defense shall be
conducted, at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties, by counsel
chosen by such indemnifying party or parties and reasonably satisfactory to the
indemnified party or parties; provided, however, that (i) if the indemnified
party or parties reasonably determine that there may be a conflict between the
positions of the indemnifying party or parties and of the indemnified party or
parties in conducting the defense of such action, suit, investigation, inquiry
or proceeding or that there may be legal defenses available to such indemnified
party or parties different from or in addition to those available to the
indemnifying party or parties, then counsel for the indemnified party or
parties shall be entitled to conduct the defense to the extent reasonably
determined by such counsel to be necessary to protect the interests of the
indemnified party or parties and (ii) in any event, the indemnified party or
parties shall be entitled, at its or their own expense to have counsel chosen
by such indemnified party or parties participate in, but not conduct, the
defense. It is understood that the indemnifying parties shall not, in respect
of the legal defenses of any indemnified party in connection with any
proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for (a)
the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local
counsel) for all of the Underwriters and each person, if any, who controls any
Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act, and (b) the fees and
expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for
the Company, its directors, its officers who sign the Registration Statement
and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section
15 of the Act. If, within a reasonable time after receipt of the Notice, an
indemnifying party gives a Notice of Defense and the counsel chosen by the
indemnifying party or parties is reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified
party or parties, the indemnifying party or parties will not be liable under
paragraphs (a) through (c) of this Section 9 for any legal or other expenses
subsequently incurred by the indemnified party or parties in connection with
the defense of the action, suit, investigation, inquiry or proceeding, except
that (A) the indemnifying party or parties shall bear the legal and other
expenses incurred in connection with the conduct of the defense as referred to
in clause (i) of the proviso to the preceding sentence and (B) the indemnifying
party or parties shall bear such other expenses as it or they have authorized
to be incurred by the indemnified party or
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<PAGE> 27
parties. If, within a reasonable time after receipt of the Notice, no Notice of
Defense has been given, the indemnifying party or parties shall be responsible
for any legal or other expenses incurred by the indemnified party or parties in
connection with the defense of the action, suit, investigation, inquiry or
proceeding. The indemnifying party or parties shall not be liable for any
settlement of any proceeding effected without its or their written consent,
provided such consent has not been unreasonably withheld.
(D) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 9 is
unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under
paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section 9, then each indemnifying party shall, in
lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party, contribute to the amount paid or
payable by such indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or
liabilities referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section 9 (i) in such
proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by each
indemnifying party from the offering of the Shares or (ii) if the allocation
provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such
proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred
to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of each indemnifying party
in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses,
claims, damages or liabilities, or actions in respect thereof, as well as any
other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the
Company and the Selling Shareholders, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on
the other, shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the
total net proceeds from the offering of the Shares received by the Company and
the Selling Shareholders and the total underwriting discount received by the
Underwriters, as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus,
bear to the aggregate public offering price of the Shares. Relative fault shall
be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or
alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission
to state a material fact relates to information supplied by each indemnifying
party and the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to information and
opportunity to correct or prevent such untrue statement or omission.
The parties agree that it would not be just and equitable if
contributions pursuant to this paragraph (d) were to be determined by pro rata
allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such
purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take into account
the equitable considerations referred to in the first sentence of this
paragraph (d). The amount paid by an indemnified party as a result of the
losses, claims, damages or liabilities, or actions in respect thereof, referred
to in the first sentence of this paragraph (d) shall be deemed to include any
legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in
connection with investigation, preparation to defend or defense against any
action or claim which is the subject of this paragraph (d). Notwithstanding the
provisions of this paragraph (d), no Underwriter shall be required to
contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting discount applicable to the
Shares purchased by such Underwriter. No person guilty of fraudulent
misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be
entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent
misrepresentation. The Underwriters' obligations in this paragraph (d) to
contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting
obligations and not joint.
Each party entitled to contribution agrees that upon the
service of a summons or other initial legal process upon it in any action
instituted against it in respect of which contribution may be sought, it will
promptly give written notice of such service to the party or parties from whom
contribution
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<PAGE> 28
may be sought, but the omission so to notify such party or parties of any such
service shall not relieve the party from whom contribution may be sought from
any obligation it may have hereunder or otherwise (except as specifically
provided in paragraph (c) of this Section 9).
(E) The Company will not, without the prior written consent
of each Underwriter, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any
judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action, suit or proceeding in
respect of which indemnification may be sought hereunder (whether or not such
Underwriter or any person who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of
Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act is a party to such
claim, action, suit or proceeding) unless such settlement, compromise or
consent includes an unconditional release of such Underwriter and each such
controlling person from all liability arising out of such claim, action, suit
or proceeding.
(F) The parties to this Agreement hereby acknowledge that
they are sophisticated business persons who were represented by counsel during
the negotiations regarding the provisions hereof, including without limitation
the provisions of this Section 9 and are fully informed regarding said
provisions. They further acknowledge that the provisions of this Section 9
fairly allocate the risks in light of the ability of the parties to investigate
the Company and its business in order to assure that adequate disclosure is
made in the Registration Statement and Prospectus as required by the Act and
the Exchange Act or in the Offering Memorandum as required by Canadian
securities law.
(G) The liability of each Selling Shareholder under such
Selling Shareholder's representations and warranties contained in Section 2
hereof, and in the case of each Principal Selling Shareholder, under such
Principal Selling Shareholder's representations and warranties contained in
Section 1 hereof, and under the indemnity and reimbursement agreements
contained in the provisions of this Section 9 and Section 11 hereof shall be
limited to an amount equal to the public offering price of the Shares sold by
such Selling Shareholder to the Underwriters. The Company and the Selling
Shareholders may agree, as among themselves and without limiting the rights of
the Underwriters under this Agreement, as to the respective amounts of such
liability for which they each shall be responsible.
10. TERMINATION. This Agreement may be terminated by you at any time
on or prior to the Closing Date or on or prior to any later Option Closing
Date, as the case may be, (i) if the Company shall have failed, refused or been
unable, at or prior to the Closing Date, or on or prior to any later Option
Closing Date, as the case may be, to perform any agreement on its part to be
performed, or because any other condition of the Underwriters' obligations
hereunder required to be fulfilled by the Company or the Selling Shareholders
is not fulfilled, including, without limitation, any material adverse change in
the financial condition, earnings, operations, business or business prospects
of the Company from that set forth in the Registration Statement or Prospectus,
whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, or (ii) if trading
on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq
National Market shall have been suspended, or minimum or maximum prices for
trading shall have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices for securities
shall have been required on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock
Exchange or the Nasdaq National Market, by such trading exchanges or by order
of the Commission or any other governmental authority having jurisdiction, or
if a banking moratorium shall have been declared by federal or New York
authorities, or (iii) if the Company shall have sustained a loss by strike,
fire, flood, accident or other calamity of such character as to have a
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<PAGE> 29
Material Adverse Effect regardless of whether or not such loss shall have been
insured, or (iv) if there shall have been a material adverse change in the
general political or economic conditions or financial markets in the United
States as in the sole judgment of the Representatives makes it inadvisable or
impracticable to proceed with the offering, sale and delivery of the Shares, or
(v) if there shall have occurred an outbreak or escalation of hostilities
between the United States and any foreign power or of any other insurrection or
armed conflict involving the United States or other national or international
calamity, hostilities or crisis or the declaration by the United States of a
national emergency which, in the judgment of the Representatives, adversely
affects the marketability of the Shares, or (vi) if since the respective dates
as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Offering
Memorandum and the Prospectus, there shall have occurred any material adverse
change or any development involving a prospective material adverse change in or
affecting the condition, financial or otherwise, of the Company or the business
affairs, management, or business prospects of the Company, whether or not
arising in the ordinary course of business, or (vii) if any foreign, federal or
state statute, regulation, rule or order of any court or other governmental
authority shall have been enacted, published, decreed or otherwise promulgated
which in the judgment of the Representatives materially and adversely affects
or will materially and adversely affect the business or operations of the
Company, or trading in the Common Stock shall have been suspended, or (viii)
there shall have occurred a material adverse decline in the value of securities
generally on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange or the
Nasdaq National Market or (ix) action shall be taken by any foreign, federal,
state or local government or agency in respect of its monetary or fiscal
affairs which, in the judgment of the Representatives, has a material adverse
effect on the securities markets in the United States. If this Agreement shall
be terminated in accordance with this Section 10, there shall be no liability
of the Company or the Selling Shareholders to the Underwriters and no liability
of the Underwriters to the Company or the Selling Shareholders; provided,
however, that in the event of any such termination the Company and the Selling
Shareholders agree to indemnify and hold harmless the Underwriters from all
costs or expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company
and the Selling Shareholders under this Agreement, including all costs and
expenses referred to in Section 6.
If you elect to terminate this Agreement as provided in this
Section 10, the Company shall be notified promptly by you by telephone,
telecopy or telegram, confirmed by letter.
11. REIMBURSEMENT OF CERTAIN EXPENSES.
(A) In addition to their other obligations under Section 9 of
this Agreement, the Company and the Selling Shareholders hereby jointly and
severally agree to reimburse on a quarterly basis the Underwriters for all
reasonable legal and other expenses incurred in connection with investigating
or defending any claim, action, investigation, inquiry or other proceeding
arising out of or based upon any statement or omission, or any alleged
statement or omission, described in paragraph (a) of Section 9 of this
Agreement, notwithstanding the absence of a judicial determination as to the
propriety and enforceability of the obligations under this Section 11 and the
possibility that such payments might later be held to be improper; provided,
however, that (i) to the extent any such payment is ultimately held to be
improper, the persons receiving such payments shall promptly refund them and
(ii) such persons shall provide to the Company, upon request, reasonable
assurances of their ability to effect any refund, when and if due.
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<PAGE> 30
(B) In addition to their other obligations under Section 8 of
this Agreement, the Underwriters hereby agree to reimburse on a quarterly basis
the Company and the Selling Shareholders for all reasonable legal and other
expenses incurred in connection with investigating or defending any claim,
action, investigation, inquiry or other proceeding arising out of or based upon
any statement or omission, or any alleged statement or omission, described in
paragraph (b) of Section 9 of this Agreement, notwithstanding the absence of a
judicial determination as to the propriety and enforceability of the
obligations under this Section 11 and the possibility that such payments might
later be held to be improper; provided, however, that (i) to the extent any
such payment is ultimately held to be improper, the Company and the Selling
Shareholders shall promptly refund it and (ii) the Company and the Selling
Shareholders shall provide to the Underwriter, upon request, reasonable
assurances of its ability to effect any refund, when and if due.
12. PERSONS ENTITLED TO BENEFIT OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement shall
inure to the benefit of the Company, the Selling Shareholders and the several
Underwriters and, with respect to the provisions of Section 9 hereof, the
several parties (in addition to the Company, the selling Shareholders and the
several Underwriters) indemnified under the provisions of said Section 9, and
their respective personal representatives, successors and assigns. Nothing in
this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give to any other person,
firm or corporation any legal or equitable remedy or claim under or in respect
of this Agreement or any provision herein contained. The term "successors and
assigns" as herein used shall not include any purchaser, as such purchaser, of
any of the Shares from any of the several Underwriters.
13. NOTICES. Except as otherwise provided herein, all communications
hereunder shall be in writing or by telecopy and, if to the Underwriters, shall
be mailed, telecopied or delivered to UBS Securities LLC, 299 Park Avenue, New
York, NY 10171, Attention: Mr. Tim Walsh, with a copy to Brobeck, Phleger &
Harrison LLP, 1633 Broadway, 47th Floor, 10019, Attention: Alexander D. Lynch;
if to the Company, shall be mailed, telecopied or delivered to it at its
office, SEEC, Inc., 5001 Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, Attention:
Ravindra Koka, with a copy to Cohen & Grigsby, P.C., 2900 CNG Tower, 625
Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, Attention Daniel Wessels; and if to the
Selling Shareholders, shall be mailed, telecopied or delivered to [ ], with a
copy to [ ]. All notices given by telecopy shall be promptly confirmed by
letter.
14. MISCELLANEOUS. The reimbursement, indemnification and contribution
agreements contained in this Agreement and the representations, warranties and
covenants in this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect regardless of
(i) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or controlling
person thereof, or by or on behalf of the Selling Shareholders, the Company or
the Company's respective directors of officers, and (ii) delivery of and
payment for the Shares under this Agreement.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts,
each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall
constitute one and the same instrument.
You will act as Representatives of the several Underwriters
in all dealings with the Company under this Agreement, and any action under or
in respect of this Agreement taken by you jointly or by UBS Securities LLC, as
Representatives, will be binding upon all of the Underwriters.
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<PAGE> 31
This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in
accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.
[INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
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<PAGE> 32
Please sign and return to the Company the enclosed duplicates of this
letter, whereupon this letter will become a binding agreement among the Company
and the several Underwriters in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours,
SEEC, INC.
By:____________________________
__________________________
__________________________
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
By: __________________________
__________________________
Attorney-in-fact
By: __________________________
__________________________
Attorney-in-fact
The foregoing Agreement is hereby confirmed and
accepted as of the date first above written.
UBS SECURITIES LLC
H.C. WAINWRIGHT & CO., INC.
CRUTTENDEN ROTH INCORPORATED
By: UBS SECURITIES LLC
By: __________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Acting on behalf of the several Underwriters,
including themselves, named on Schedule A
hereto.
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<PAGE> 33
SCHEDULE A
UNDERWRITERS
Number of
Shares
to be
Underwriters Purchased
------------ ---------
UBS Securities LLC..............................................
H.C. Wainwright & Co., Inc......................................
Cruttenden Roth Incorporated....................................
Total............................
===========
<PAGE> 34
SCHEDULE B
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
Name of Shareholder Selling Option Shares
------------------- Shareholder -------------
Shares
------
<PAGE> 35
SCHEDULE C
Lock-Up Agreements
------------------
<PAGE> 36
APPENDIX A
OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE COMPANY
Cohen & Grigsby, P.C., counsel to the Company, shall opine to
the effect that:
(A) The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly
existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania. The Company is duly qualified to do business as a foreign
corporation and is in good standing in each jurisdiction where the ownership or
leasing of its properties or the conduct of its business requires such
qualification, except where the failure to so qualify would not have a Material
Adverse Effect;
(B) The Company has full corporate power and authority to
own, lease and operate its properties and conduct its business as described in
the Registration Statement;
(C) The Company has no subsidiaries and does not own,
directly or indirectly, any shares of stock or any other equity or long-term
debt securities of any corporation or have any equity interest in any firm,
partnership, joint venture, association or other entity;
(D) The Company has full power and authority (corporate and
otherwise) to enter into this Agreement and to perform the transactions
contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, the power and authority to
issue, sell and deliver to the Underwriters the Firm Shares or the Option
Shares, as the case may be;
(E) This Agreement has been duly authorized by all necessary
corporate action on the part of the Company and has been duly executed and
delivered by the Company and is a valid and binding agreement on the part of
the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms,
except as rights to indemnity and contribution hereunder may be limited by
applicable laws or equitable principles and except as enforcement hereof may be
limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar
laws relating to or affecting creditors' rights generally or by general
equitable principles;
(F) The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of
[ ] shares of Preferred Stock, of which there are no outstanding shares, and [ ]
shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value per share, of which there are
outstanding [ ] shares (including the Firm Shares plus the number of Option
Shares issued on the date hereof); all outstanding shares of capital stock of
the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and
nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state
securities laws, and were not issued in violation of or subject to any
preemptive right, resale right, right of first refusal or similar right known
to such counsel. The terms and provisions of the capital stock of the Company
conform to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus, and the information in the Prospectus under the caption
"Description of Capital
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Stock," to the extent that it constitutes matters of law or legal conclusions,
has been reviewed by such counsel and is correct, and the form of certificate
evidencing the Common Stock complies with the applicable provisions of
Pennsylvania law;
(G) The Shares to be issued by the Company have been duly
authorized for issuance and sale to the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement
and, when issued and delivered by the Company against payment therefor in
accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will be duly and validly issued
and fully paid and nonassessable and will be sold free and clear of any pledge,
lien, security interest, charge, encumbrance, claim, equitable interest, or
restriction, and, to the best knowledge of such counsel, not in violation of
any preemptive right, co-sale right, registration right, right of first refusal
or other similar right, which rights have not previously been waived, in
connection with the purchase or sale of any of the Shares;
(H) The statements in the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus summarizing statutes, rules and regulations, including the
Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law, and the description of the certificate
of incorporation and bylaws are accurate and fairly and correctly present the
information required to be presented by the Act or the Rules and Regulations in
all material respects; and such counsel does not know of any statutes, rules or
regulations required to be described in the Registration Statement or the
Prospectus that are not described or referred to therein as required;
(I) To the best of such counsel's knowledge, there are no
agreements, contracts, leases or documents of a character required to be
described in, or filed as an exhibit to, the Registration Statement which are
not described or filed as required by the Act and the applicable Rules and
Regulations;
(J) The Company is not (i) in violation of its certificate of
incorporation or bylaws, or (ii) to the best knowledge of such counsel, in
default in the performance or observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant
or condition contained in any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of
indebtedness, which default would have a Material Adverse Effect, or (iii) to
the best knowledge of such counsel, in default in the performance or observance
of any contract, indenture, mortgage, loan agreement, joint venture or other
agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its
properties are bound, which default would have a Material Adverse Effect, or
(iv) in violation of any law, order, rule, regulation, writ, injunction,
judgment or decree of any court or governmental agency or body to which the
Company is subject;
(K) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement
will not result in a breach or violation of any of the terms and provisions of,
or constitute a default under, (i) to the best knowledge of such counsel, any
indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, bond, debenture, note
agreement or other evidence of indebtedness, or any lease, contract or other
agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which its
properties are bound, or (ii) the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the
Company, any agreement or document filed as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement, or any statute, rule or regulation applicable to the Company (except
that no opinion need to be expressed with respect to compliance with state
securities or "Blue Sky" laws), or
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<PAGE> 38
(iii) to the best knowledge of such counsel, any law, order, rule, regulation,
writ, injunction, judgment or decree of any court or governmental agency or
body to which the Company is subject;
(L) The Company has the corporate power and authority to own
or lease all of the assets owned or leased by it and to conduct its business,
in each case as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus,
except where failure to have such power and authority would not have a Material
Adverse Effect, and has all licenses, consents, certificates, orders, approvals
and permits from all state, United States, foreign and other regulatory
authorities, that are material to the conduct of the business of the Company as
described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, all of which are
valid and in full force and effect (and there is no proceeding pending or, to
the best knowledge of the such counsel, threatened which may cause any such
license, consent, certificate, order, approval or permit to be withdrawn,
cancelled, suspended or not renewed), except where failure to have such
licenses, consents, certificates, orders, approvals and permits would not have
a Material Adverse Effect;
(M) To the best knowledge of such counsel, (i) the Company
has good and marketable title to all material properties and assets described
in the Prospectus and the Offering Memorandum as owned by it, free and clear of
any pledge, lien, security interest, charge, encumbrance, claim, equitable
interest, or restriction, (ii) the agreements to which the Company is a party
are valid agreements, enforceable by and against the Company in accordance with
their terms, except as enforcement may be limited by applicable bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or
affecting creditors' rights generally or by general equitable principles, and,
to the best of the Company's knowledge, the other contracting party or parties
thereto are not in material breach or default under any of such agreements and
(iii) the Company has valid and enforceable leases for the properties described
in the Prospectus and the Offering Memorandum as leased by it, and such leases
conform in all material respects to the description thereof, if any, set forth
in the Registration Statement;
(N) There is not pending or, to the best of the Company's
knowledge, threatened, any action, suit, claim, proceeding or investigation
against the Company or any of its officers or any of its properties, assets or
rights before any court or governmental agency or body or otherwise which might
result in a Material Adverse Effect or prevent consummation of the transactions
contemplated hereby, or would limit, revoke, cancel, suspend, or cause not to
be renewed any existing license, certificate, registration, approval or permit,
known to such counsel, from any state, federal, or regulatory authority that is
material to the conduct of the business of the Company as presently conducted,
or that is of a character otherwise required to be disclosed in the
Registration Statement or the Prospectus under the Act or the applicable Rules
and Regulations;
(O) To the best of such counsel's knowledge, except as set
forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, no holders of shares of
Common Stock or other securities of the Company have registration rights with
respect to securities of the Company and, except as set forth in the
Registration Statement and Prospectus, all holders of securities of the Company
have registration rights with respect to shares of Common Stock or other
securities have, with respect to the offering contemplated hereby,
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<PAGE> 39
waived such rights or such rights have otherwise been waived or such rights
have expired by reason of lapse of time following notification of the Company's
intent to file the Registration Statement.
(P) No transfer taxes are required to be paid in connection
with the sale or delivery to the Underwriters of the Firm Shares or the Option
Shares;
(Q) The Company is not, and, upon the issuance and sale of
the Shares and application of the net proceeds from such issuance and sale as
described in the Prospectus under the caption "Use of Proceeds" will not be, an
"investment company," or a "promoter" or "principal underwriter" for a
registered investment company, as such terms are defined in the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended;
In addition, such counsel shall include a statement to the effect that such
counsel has participated in conferences with officials and other
representatives of the Company, the Representatives, Underwriters' Counsel and
the independent public accountants of the Company, at which conferences the
contents of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Offering
Memorandum and related matters were discussed, and although they have not
verified the accuracy or completeness of the statements contained in the
Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the Offering Memorandum, nothing has
come to the attention of such counsel which caused them to believe that, at the
time the Registration Statement became effective the Registration Statement
(except as to financial statements, financial and statistical data and
supporting schedules contained therein, as to which such counsel need express
no opinion) contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to
state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading, or at the Closing Date or any later Option
Closing Date, as the case may be, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or
the Offering Memorandum (except as aforesaid) contained any untrue statement of
a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated
therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the
circumstances under, which they were made, not misleading.
Counsel rendering the foregoing may rely as to questions of
fact upon representations or certificates of officers of the Company and of
governmental officials, as the case may be, in which case its opinion is to
state that it is so doing and that it has no actual knowledge of any material
misstatement or inaccuracy in such opinions, representations or certificates,
and that they believe that they and the Underwriters are justified in relying
on such opinions or certificates. Copies of any opinion, representation or
certificate so relied upon shall be delivered to you, as Representatives of the
Underwriters, and to Underwriters' Counsel.
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<PAGE> 40
APPENDIX B
OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
[ ], counsel to the Selling Shareholders, shall opine to the
effect that:
(A) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and
delivered by or on behalf of each of the Selling Shareholders;
(B) The execution and delivery by each of the Selling
Shareholders of, and the performance by each such Selling Shareholder of its
obligations under, this Agreement, the Custody Agreement and the Power of
Attorney will not result in (i) any violation of the Selling Shareholder's
organizational documents, (ii) the breach or violation of any of the terms and
provisions, or constitute a default under, any indenture, mortgage, deed of
trust, loan agreement, bond, debenture, note agreement or other evidence of
indebtedness, or any lease, contract or other agreement or instrument to which
the Selling Stockholder is a party or by which its properties are bound, (iii)
the breach or violation of any federal, or, to the best of our knowledge, local
statute, rule or regulation; provided however, that no opinion need be rendered
concerning state securities or Blue Sky laws, or (d) to the best of such
counsel's knowledge, the breach or violation of any judgment, order, writ or
decree of any government, arbitrator, court, regulatory body or administrative
agency, or other governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the
Selling Stockholder of any of its properties or operations;
(C) No authorization, approval or consent of any regulatory
body or administrative agency or other governmental agency or body is necessary
in connection with the performance of this Agreement and consummation of the
transactions herein contemplated by the Selling Shareholders, except such as
have been obtained under the Act or such as may be required under state or
other securities or Blue Sky laws in connection with the purchase and the
distribution of the shares by the Underwriters;
(D) Each of the Underwriters who has purchased Seller Shares
(assuming they have purchased such shares in good faith and without notice of
any adverse claim within the meaning of the applicable Uniform Commercial
Code), upon payment for such Seller Shares, has received good and valid title
to such Seller Shares, free and clear of any security interests, claims, liens,
and encumbrances created or imposed by, or in favor of, the Underwriters; and
(E) Each of the Custody Agreement and the Power of Attorney
has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by or on behalf of each
Selling Stockholder and is a valid and binding agreement of each Selling
Stockholder, enforceable in accordance with its terms except as to (i) rights
to indemnity and contribution hereunder which may be limited by applicable law,
(ii) bankruptcy and laws relating to the rights and remedies of creditors
generally, and (iii) the availability of equitable remedies.
Counsel rendering the foregoing opinion may rely as to questions of act upon
representations or certificates of the Selling Shareholders or officers of the
Selling Shareholders in which case its opinion is to state that it is doing so
and that it has no knowledge of any material misstatement or inaccuracy in such
<PAGE> 41
opinions, representations or certificate. Copies of any opinion, representation
or certificate so relied upon shall be delivered to you, as Representatives of
the Underwriters, and to the Underwriters' counsel.
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 5.1
COHEN & GRIGSBY, P.C.
Attorneys at Law
2900 CNG Tower
625 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3115
-----
Telephone (412) 394-4900
Fax (412) 391-3382
November ____, 1997
Board of Directors of
SEEC, Inc.
5001 Baum Boulevard
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel to SEEC, Inc. (the "Company") in
connection with the preparation and filing with the Securities and Exchange
Commission of a Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-________ (the
"Registration Statement") in order to register under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, 1,310,000 shares of the Company's common stock, $0.01 par
value (the "Common Stock"), and the contemplated issue and sale by the Company
of such shares of Common Stock to the Underwriters (as defined in the
Registration Statement) in accordance with the terms of an Underwriting
Agreement (the "Agreement") to be entered into by and among the Company and the
Underwriters.
In connection with the foregoing, we have examined: (a) the
Registration Statement and all amendments thereto; (b) the Company's Amended
and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, as amended; (c) resolutions
of the Board of Directors of the Company; (d) the form of Agreement; and (e)
such other corporate records and documents as we consider relevant, necessary
or appropriate for purposes of this opinion.
In all such examinations, we have assumed the genuineness of
all signatures on originals and certified documents and the conformity to
original or certified documents of all copies submitted to us as conformed or
photocopies. With respect to various questions of fact material to this
opinion, we have made no independent investigations and have relied upon
statements and certificates of officers and directors of the Company and of
other appropriate persons.
We have also assumed that the shares of Common Stock will be
issued and sold in accordance with the terms of the Agreement and the
Registration Statement, including receipt by the Company of the full
consideration for the shares of Common Stock set forth therein. With respect to
the Agreement, we have assumed the execution and delivery of the Agreement by
the parties thereto and that the Agreement as executed and delivered will
conform, as to the issuance and sale of the Common Stock, in all material
respects to the draft reviewed by us.
Based upon such examination and assumptions, and subject to
compliance with applicable state securities and "Blue Sky" laws, in our opinion
the shares of Common Stock to be issued, when issued as contemplated by the
Registration Statement
<PAGE> 2
and the Agreement, will be validly issued, fully-paid and non-assessable shares
of Common Stock of the Company.
We hereby consent to the reference to us in the Prospectus of
the Company constituting part of the Registration Statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission registering the Common Stock and to the
inclusion of this letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.
Very truly yours,
COHEN & GRIGSBY, P.C.
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 10.18
SEEC, INC.
5001 Baum Blvd.
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Phone: 412-682-4991
FAX: 412-682-4958
March 31, 1997
Sean O'Reilly
71 Pinehill Road
Crowthorne, Berkshire
RG45 7JP
United Kingdom
Dear Mr. O'Reilly:
I am pleased to extend an offer of employment to you to become SEEC's
Vice President of European Operations. The terms of the offer letter are
outlined below.
(1) Salary FY 1998
Your base salary will be (pound)6000 per month ((pound)72,000 per
year).
(2) Bonus/Commissions FY 1998
A (pound)48,000 bonus/commission above and beyond the base will be
paid upon meeting a mutually agreed sales quota. The total sales quota for
Fiscal Year 1998, of combined sales and services revenue, is (pound)1.85
million. It is the good faith commitment of all parties that, within 30 days of
your start date, a compensation plan will be mutually agreed upon that will
define the exact portion of your sales quota and the monthly commission payment
schedule up to sales quota achievement, and that will determine the bonus
schedule to be paid upon over-achievement of sales revenue targets. Your
bonus/commission and base salary are herein after referred to as "total target
compensation."
(3) Equity
A total of 20,000 shares will be granted in the following fashion:
20,000 shares at a price of $8.13 per share, to be vested 6,666 per year over
three years, will be granted at the commencement of employment; an additional
5,000 shares to be granted at the end of the first twelve-months of employment
at an option price to be determined by SEEC's Board of Directors and tied to
meeting specific mutually agreed upon performance criteria and will vest
equally at the end of your second and third year of employment. As a member of
the Company's senior management team and based upon future performance, you
will also be eligible to participate in future employee stock option grants.
(4) Severance
(a) Termination of Employment
If, for any reason, SEEC terminates your employment without cause, by
mutual consent, or if you resign for good reason, you will receive a severance
package at an annualized rate of 50% of your total target compensation. This
severance package is to be paid monthly for a maximum of 12 months, commencing
upon execution of appropriate termination and release agreements and concluding
with the starting date of employment or consulting arrangement with a new
company. Additionally, you will immediately vest 50% of all unvested stock
options.
For the purposes of this agreement, "cause" will be defined as negligence,
willful misconduct, fraud, embezzlement and unauthorized use of corporate
funds; "good reason" will be defined as a material diminution by SEEC in either
your title or responsibilities as existed prior to change of control, or
material diminution by the Company in your salary, benefits or incentives.
<PAGE> 2
(b) Accelerated Vesting based on Sale and Transfer of Control
In the event that the sale of the Company results in a change of
control, your vesting schedule will immediately be accelerated to vest 100% of
all unvested stock options.
(c) Termination of Employment Upon Sale of Company
and Transfer of Control
Furthermore, if the Company then terminates your employment or if you
resign for good reason (good reason as defined in (4)a), the Company agrees to
pay you, upon execution of appropriate termination and release agreements, 50%
of your total target compensation in 12 equal monthly installments.
(5) Benefits
You will be entitled to all of the benefits provided to SEEC
employees, including, but not limited to: major medical, dental insurance,
disability insurance, and other benefits to be determined by SEEC's Board of
Directors. The details of the benefits package will be mutually agreed within
30 days of signing this agreement.
Please respond to this offer by sending a signed copy of this letter
back to me by Tuesday, April 1, 1997.
I look forward to your joining the senior management team at SEEC,
Inc. and I know that through your efforts and the efforts of the team, a
thriving and successful company will be built.
Sincerely,
/s/ Ravi Koka
Ravi Koka
President & CEO
SEEC, Inc.
Employee Acceptance: The signing of this letter acknowledges the acceptance of
the offer contained herein.
/s/ Sean O'Reilly
-----------------------------
Sean O'Reilly
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 11.1
SEEC, INC.
COMPUTATION OF SHARES USED IN COMPUTING NET INCOME (LOSS)
PER COMMON AND COMMON EQUIVALENT SHARES
YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 AND 1997,
AND THE SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1996 AND 1997
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS ENDED
YEARS ENDED MARCH 31 SEPTEMBER 30
-------------------- ------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1996 1997
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighed average
number of common
equivalent
shares not
subject to the
provisions of
SAB No. 83:
Common shares 1,942,261 2,036,752 2,037,431 2,043,655 3,036,027 2,131,622 5,002,391
issued and
outstanding
Common equivalent
shares
consisting of
options and -- -- -- -- -- 195,211 513,620
warrants
Reduction in common
equivalent
shares through
application of
the treasury -- -- -- -- -- (1,011) (210,641)
stock method --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
1,942,261 2,036,752 2,037,431 2,043,655 3,036,027 2,325,822 5,305,370
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Common and common
equivalent
shares subject
to the
provisions of
SAB No. 83:
Issuance of
common stock to:
ERA Software
Systems Private,
Ltd. an
affiliate, in 226,305 226,305 226,305 226,305 -- 226,305 --
connection with
the acquisition
of software rights
Related party note
holders in
exchange for
principal and 184,198 184,198 184,198 184,198 -- 184,198 --
accrued interest
Officers/shareholders
in exchange for
the outstanding
balance of
deferred
compensation and 52,827 52,827 52,827 52,827 -- 52,827 --
accrued interest
Related parties
through private
placements 47,589 47,589 47,589 47,589 -- 47,589 --
Unrelated third
parties through
private placement 163,836 163,836 163,836 163,836 -- 163,836 --
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 2
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common stock
equivalents
consisting of
stock options 64,859 64,859 64,859 64,859 -- 64,859 --
Reduction in common
and common
equivalent
shares through
application of
the treasury (153,219) (153,219) (153,219) (153,219) -- (153,219) --
stock method -------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ---------
586,395 586,395 586,395 586,395 -- 586,395 --
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- ---------
Weighted average
number of common
and common
equivalent
shares 2,528,656 2,623,147 2,623,826 2,630,050 3,036,027 2,912,217 5,305,370
outstanding ========= ========= ========= ========= ========= ========= =========
Net income (loss)
applicable to
common and
common
equivalent shares $(416,396) $(222,485) $(396,292) $(341,945) $(396,389) $ 32,016 $ 875,769
========= ========= ========= ========= ========= ========= =========
Net income (loss)
per common and
common
equivalent share $ (.16) $ (.08) $ (.15) $ (.13) $ (.13) $ .01 $ .17
========= ========= ========= ======== ========= ========= =========
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 1
Exhibit 21.1
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
------------------------------
SEEC Europe Ltd. (a private limited company organized under
the laws of England and Wales)
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT
CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
SEEC, Inc.
We hereby consent to the use in the Prospectus constituting a part of this
Registration Statement of our report dated June 3, 1997 relating to the
financial statements of SEEC, Inc., which is contained in that Prospectus, and
of our report dated June 3, 1997, relating to the schedule, which is contained
in Part II of the Registration Statement.
We also consent to the reference to us under the caption "Experts" in
the Prospectus.
/s/ BDO Seidman, LLP
------------------------
Boston, Massachusetts
November 13, 1997
