<PAGE>
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON AUGUST 24, 2000
REGISTRATION NO. 333-32812
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
--------------------------
AMENDMENT NO. 1
TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
--------------------------
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
DELAWARE 8731 33-059-5156
(State or other jurisdiction of (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Classification Code Number) Identification Number)
</TABLE>
6611 DUMBARTON CIRCLE
FREMONT, CA 94555
(510) 505-2100
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)
--------------------------
WILLIAM E. RICH, PH.D.
PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
6611 DUMBARTON CIRCLE
FREMONT, CA 94555
(510) 505-2100
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of agent for service)
--------------------------
COPIES TO:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
MICHAEL J. O'DONNELL, ESQ. JOHN MONTGOMERY, ESQ.
RICHARD L. PICHENY, ESQ. BROBECK, PHLEGER & HARRISON LLP
WILSON SONSINI GOODRICH & ROSATI TWO EMBARCADERO PLACE
PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION 2200 GENG ROAD
650 PAGE MILL ROAD PALO ALTO, CA 94304
PALO ALTO, CA 94304 (650) 424-0160
(650) 493-9300
</TABLE>
--------------------------
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, check the following box. / /
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. / /
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. / /
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. / /
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
check the following box. / /
--------------------------
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL
FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT THAT SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION
STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME
EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(a),
MAY DETERMINE.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 24, 2000
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY
NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER
TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IT IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE
SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS
SHARES
[CIPHERGEN LOGO]
COMMON STOCK
This is an initial public offering of shares of common stock of Ciphergen
Biosystems, Inc. Ciphergen expects that the initial public offering price will
be between $ and $ per share.
We have applied for approval for trading and quotation of our common stock
on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "CIPH."
OUR BUSINESS INVOLVES SIGNIFICANT RISKS. THESE RISKS ARE DESCRIBED UNDER THE
CAPTION "RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING ON PAGE 8.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this
prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
---------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PER
SHARE TOTAL
<S> <C> <C>
Public offering price.................................... $ $
Underwriting discounts and commissions................... $ $
Proceeds, before expenses, to Ciphergen.................. $ $
</TABLE>
The underwriters may also purchase up to an additional 750,000 shares of
common stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and
commissions, to cover over-allotments.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment in New York,
New York on , 2000.
---------------------
SG COWEN
ING BARINGS
UBS WARBURG LLC
, 2000
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
--------
<S> <C>
Prospectus Summary..................... 4
Risk Factors........................... 8
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements........................... 15
Use of Proceeds........................ 16
Dividend Policy........................ 16
Capitalization......................... 17
Dilution............................... 18
Selected Consolidated Financial Data... 19
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of
Operations........................... 20
Business............................... 27
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
--------
<S> <C>
Management............................. 38
Certain Transactions................... 45
Principal Stockholders................. 49
Description of Capital Stock........... 52
Shares Eligible for Future Sale........ 55
Underwriting........................... 57
Legal Matters.......................... 60
Experts................................ 60
Where You Can Find Additional
Information.......................... 60
Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements........................... F-1
</TABLE>
UNTIL , 2000, ALL DEALERS THAT EFFECT TRANSACTIONS IN THESE
SECURITIES, WHETHER OR NOT PARTICIPATING IN THIS OFFERING, MAY BE REQUIRED TO
DELIVER A PROSPECTUS. THIS REQUIREMENT IS IN ADDITION TO THE DEALERS' OBLIGATION
TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS WHEN ACTING AS UNDERWRITERS AND WITH RESPECT TO THEIR
UNSOLD ALLOTMENTS OR SUBSCRIPTIONS.
3
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY READ THE MORE DETAILED INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS
PROSPECTUS, INCLUDING OUR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND RELATED NOTES INCLUDED IN
THIS PROSPECTUS. UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED, ALL INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS HAS
BEEN ADJUSTED TO REFLECT A 0.43-FOR-1 REVERSE STOCK SPLIT THAT WILL BE EFFECTED
PRIOR TO CONSUMMATION OF THIS OFFERING AND ASSUMES (1) THE CONVERSION OF ALL
OUTSTANDING SHARES OF OUR PREFERRED STOCK INTO 12,971,890 SHARES OF COMMON STOCK
WHICH INCLUDES 66,113 SHARES OF PREFERRED STOCK ASSUMED TO BE ISSUED ON EXERCISE
OF WARRANTS UPON THE CLOSING OF THIS OFFERING AND (2) NO EXERCISE BY THE
UNDERWRITERS OF THE OVER-ALLOTMENT OPTION.
THE COMPANY
Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc. develops, manufactures and markets our
ProteinChip System using patented SELDI technology. The ProteinChip System
enables protein discovery, characterization and assay development to provide
researchers with a better understanding of biological functions at the protein
level. Our ProteinChip System is a novel, enabling tool in the emerging field of
protein-based biology research, known as proteomics. While recent technological
advances in DNA tools have substantially changed the field of genomics, the
absence of enabling protein analysis tools has limited progress in proteomics
research. Proteomics provides a direct approach to understanding the role of
proteins in the biology of disease, monitoring of disease progression and the
therapeutic effects of drugs. We believe proteomics will be a major focus of
biological research by enhancing the understanding of gene function and the
molecular basis of disease. In May 1999, we commercially launched our current
ProteinChip System, Series PBS II.
We believe our ProteinChip System is an enabling technology that will
accelerate proteomics research. Our ProteinChip System integrates the key steps
of proteomics research on a single, miniaturized biochip. Our ProteinChip System
consists of three components: disposable chips with multiple protein capture
sites, or ProteinChip Arrays, a ProteinChip Reader and ProteinChip Software. The
ProteinChip System incorporates patented Surface-Enhanced Laser
Desorption/Ionization, or SELDI, technology on a disposable chip. Our
ProteinChip System captures, separates and quantitatively analyzes proteins
directly from crude biological materials, such as whole blood, tissue and
saliva, with minimal sample preparation. Our ProteinChip System allows
researchers to compare proteins in the disease versus normal state and
quantitatively analyze protein interactions. Our SELDI technology enhances
protein detection by reducing signals from unwanted biomolecules that would
otherwise obscure the measurement results. In addition, SELDI enables
researchers to perform on-chip purification, sequencing, characterization and
quantitative protein interaction analysis, and laser-based molecular weight
detection.
The entire genetic content of any organism, known as its genome, is encoded
in strands of DNA. Cells carry out their normal biological functions through the
genetic instructions encoded in their DNA, which results in the production of
proteins. The process of producing proteins from DNA is known as gene expression
or protein expression. Diseases may be caused by a mutation of a gene that
alters a protein, alters the gene's level of protein expression or by changes to
the protein after gene expression. A protein biomarker is a protein that is
present in a greater or lesser amount in a disease state versus a normal
condition. Researchers can identify disease progression prior to the appearance
of physical symptoms by monitoring protein biomarkers. In addition, researchers
can use protein biomarkers to monitor disease treatment and identify new drug
targets.
We believe our ProteinChip System facilitates proteomics research in the
following markets:
- basic biology research;
- clinical research and diagnostics; and
- pharmaceutical research and development.
4
<PAGE>
We are establishing Biomarker Discovery Centers directly and through
partnerships to foster adoption of our products and technology as an industry
standard. We intend to discover and characterize new protein biomarkers from
biological samples provided by our future collaborators. We believe that our
Biomarker Discovery Centers may accelerate biomarker discovery and validation in
pharmaceutical drug discovery and development, including clinical trials, and in
clinical research and diagnostic laboratories. We intend to obtain certain
commercial rights related to biomarkers discovered in our Biomarker Discovery
Centers. Currently, we have leased facilities for our Biomarker Discovery
Centers in Copenhagen, Denmark and Fremont, California. We have entered into
formal Biomarker Discovery Center partnerships with the MD Anderson Cancer
Center and the Prostate Cancer Center at Eastern Virginia Medical School.
We intend to establish our ProteinChip System as the enabling technology for
protein biomarker discovery and proteomics research in the basic biology
research, drug discovery and development and clinical research and diagnostic
markets. Key elements of our strategy are to:
- accelerate awareness and acceptance of our ProteinChip System;
- expand product development and innovation;
- establish Biomarker Discovery Centers; and
- expand our intellectual property portfolio.
Our principal executive offices are located at 6611 Dumbarton Circle,
Fremont, California 94555 and our telephone number is (510) 505-2100. Our
corporate web site is www.ciphergen.com. We do not intend the reference to our
web address to constitute incorporation by reference of the information
contained at that site. The information found on our site is not intended to be
part of this prospectus and should not be relied upon by you when making a
decision to invest in our common stock. We were incorporated in California in
December 1993, and reincorporated in Delaware in June 2000.
5
<PAGE>
THE OFFERING
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Common stock we are offering......................... 5,000,000 shares
Common stock to be outstanding after this offering... 25,130,638 shares
Underwriters' over-allotment option.................. 750,000 shares
Use of proceeds...................................... We intend to use the net proceeds for working
capital, establishment of Biomarker Discovery
Centers, expansion of facilities, selected
strategic investments or acquisitions and
general corporate purposes. See "Use of
Proceeds."
Proposed Nasdaq National Market symbol............... CIPH
</TABLE>
The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding immediately after
this offering is based on the number of shares outstanding on July 31, 2000.
This number:
- includes 7,158,748 shares of our currently outstanding common stock;
- includes the conversion of all outstanding shares of series A, B, C, D and
E preferred stock into an aggregate of 12,905,777 shares of common stock,
which will automatically occur at the closing of this offering;
- includes warrants to purchase 66,113 shares of preferred stock at a
weighted average exercise price of $2.95 per share, which warrants will
expire at the closing of this offering;
- excludes 1,542,603 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
stock options outstanding under our 1993 Stock Option Plan at a weighted
average exercise price of $2.98 per share;
- excludes 114,300 shares of common stock reserved for future grant under
our 1993 Stock Option Plan;
- excludes 1,075,000 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance
under the 2000 Stock Plan;
- excludes 215,000 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under
the 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan;
- excludes 57,600 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $2.73 per share; and
- excludes 210,700 shares of common stock issuable to Stanford Research
Systems, Inc. upon expected achievement of certain product development
milestones under a product development agreement dated February 2, 1995
and amended on June 2, 2000.
6
<PAGE>
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
The following summary historical financial data has been derived from our
audited financial information and unaudited interim financial information and
sets forth summary consolidated financial data of our business. You should read
this information together with the consolidated financial statements and the
notes to those statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and the
information under "Selected Consolidated Financial Data" and "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." See
note 1 to our consolidated financial statements for information regarding
computation of net loss per share attributable to common stockholders and pro
forma net loss per share attributable to common stockholders.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS ENDED
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30,
------------------------------ -------------------
1997 1998 1999 1999 2000
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Revenue:
Product revenue.............................. $ 1,283 $ 2,308 $ 4,128 $ 1,784 $ 3,188
Revenue from related parties................. -- 625 882 5 453
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Total revenue.................................. 1,283 2,933 5,010 1,789 3,641
Loss from operations........................... (5,779) (7,909) (7,990) (4,194) (9,654)
Net loss....................................... (6,005) (8,052) (8,046) (4,224) (9,209)
Dividend related to beneficial conversion
feature of preferred stock................... -- -- -- -- (27,228)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders... (6,005) (8,052) (8,046) (4,224) (36,437)
Net loss per share attributable to common
stockholders:
Basic and diluted............................ $ (2.07) $ (1.62) $ (1.26) $ (0.67) $ (5.53)
Shares used in computing net loss per share
attributable to common stockholders, basic
and diluted................................ 2,903 4,970 6,397 6,306 6,585
Pro forma net loss per share attributable to
common stockholders:
Basic and diluted............................ $ (0.55) $ (2.04)
Shares used in computing net loss per share
attributable to common stockholders, basic
and diluted (pro forma).................... 14,594 17,845
</TABLE>
The following table contains a summary of our consolidated balance sheet at
June 30, 2000:
- on an actual basis;
- on a pro forma, basis to reflect the conversion of all outstanding shares
of preferred stock on a one-for-one basis into 12,905,777 shares of common
stock effective upon the closing of this offering; and
- on a pro forma, as adjusted basis, to reflect the sale of
5,000,000 shares of common stock offered hereby at an assumed initial
public offering price per share of $15.00 after deducting estimated
underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses and to reflect
the exercise and conversion of warrants to purchase 66,113 shares of
convertible preferred stock at a weighted average exercise price of $2.95
per share, which warrants will expire at the closing of this offering.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JUNE 30, 2000
----------------------------------
PRO FORMA,
ACTUAL PRO FORMA AS ADJUSTED
-------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents................................... $ 24,027 $ 24,027 $ 92,472
Working capital............................................. 22,439 22,439 90,884
Total assets................................................ 33,311 33,311 101,756
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations, net of current
portion................................................... 609 609 609
Convertible preferred stock and warrants.................... 53,783 -- --
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)........................ (27,342) 26,441 94,886
</TABLE>
7
<PAGE>
RISK FACTORS
YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE RISKS DESCRIBED BELOW BEFORE MAKING AN
INVESTMENT DECISION. THE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES DESCRIBED BELOW ARE THOSE THAT
WE CURRENTLY BELIEVE MAY MATERIALLY AFFECT OUR COMPANY. ADDITIONAL RISKS AND
UNCERTAINTIES THAT WE ARE UNAWARE OF OR THAT WE CURRENTLY DEEM IMMATERIAL ALSO
MAY BECOME IMPORTANT FACTORS THAT AFFECT OUR COMPANY.
RISKS RELATED TO US AND OUR BUSINESS
IF WE FAIL TO SUCCESSFULLY DEVELOP AND COMMERCIALIZE OUR PRODUCTS, OUR REVENUE
WILL NOT INCREASE AND WE WILL NOT ACHIEVE PROFITABILITY.
We have recently begun full commercialization of our products. Our success
will depend on our ability to continue to develop and expand commercial sales of
our ProteinChip System, including our ProteinChip Arrays. In addition, we may
incur difficulties in producing our ProteinChip System or we may not be able to
produce it economically, we may fail to achieve expected performance levels, or
we may have to set a price for it that is unacceptable to the industry. We may
not be able to successfully develop and commercialize our ProteinChip System or
any other products on a timely basis, achieve anticipated performance levels,
gain industry acceptance of such products or develop a profitable business.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO ESTABLISH THE ACCURACY AND UTILITY OF OUR PRODUCTS, WE WILL
NOT ACHIEVE MARKET ACCEPTANCE.
We introduced our second generation ProteinChip System, Series PBS II, and
second generation ProteinChip Arrays in May 1999. The commercial success of our
ProteinChip System will depend upon its accuracy, utility and market acceptance
by researchers in pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic and
government research centers and clinical reference laboratories. If the accuracy
of our ProteinChip System in providing commercially useful protein information
is not equal to or better than current technologies, it could seriously
undermine market acceptance of our products and damage our ability to become
profitable.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO PROVIDE OUR CUSTOMERS WITH SOFTWARE THAT ENABLES THE
INTEGRATION AND ANALYSIS OF LARGE VOLUMES OF DATA, THE ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF OUR
PRODUCTS MAY BE LIMITED.
The successful commercial research application of our products requires that
they enable researchers to process and analyze large volumes of data and to
integrate the results into other phases of their research. If we do not continue
to develop and improve the capabilities of our ProteinChip Software, our
products may not gain market acceptance and we may be unable to develop a
profitable business.
IF OUR TECHNOLOGY IS NOT ABLE TO ADDRESS A BROAD RANGE OF BIOLOGICAL
APPLICATIONS, OUR TARGET MARKETS WILL BE LIMITED.
Our ProteinChip System enables specific and sensitive detection of proteins
in biological samples. However, there may be biological problems that are beyond
the scope of our current technology. If we are unable to broaden the scope of
our technology, our potential markets may be limited.
WE EXPECT TO CONTINUE TO INCUR NET LOSSES IN THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE. IF WE ARE
UNABLE TO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE OUR REVENUES, WE MAY NEVER ACHIEVE
PROFITABILITY.
From our inception in December 1993, through June 30, 2000, we have
generated cumulative revenue of approximately $13.2 million and have incurred
net losses of approximately $37.8 million. We have experienced significant
operating losses each year since our inception and expect these losses to
continue for the next several years. For example, we experienced net losses of
approximately
8
<PAGE>
$6.0 million in 1997, $8.1 million in 1998 and $8.0 million in 1999, and
$9.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2000. Our losses have resulted
principally from costs incurred in research and development, sales and
marketing, and general and administrative costs associated with our operations.
These costs have exceeded our interest income and revenue, which, to date, have
been generated principally from product sales. We expect to incur additional
operating losses and these losses may be substantial as a result of increases in
expenses for manufacturing, marketing and sales capabilities, research and
product development and general and administrative costs. We may never achieve
profitability. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to
sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.
IF WE DO NOT EFFECTIVELY MANAGE GROWTH, MANAGEMENT ATTENTION COULD BE DIVERTED
AND OUR ABILITY TO INCREASE REVENUES AND PROFITABILITY COULD BE HARMED.
We are rapidly and significantly expanding our operations, which is placing
a significant strain on our financial, managerial and operational resources. For
example, we have recently relocated our corporate headquarters and plan to
significantly increase our worldwide sales force and other personnel, and plan
to establish additional Biomarker Discovery Centers. These changes could divert
management attention or otherwise disrupt our operations. In order to achieve
and manage this growth effectively, we must continue to improve and expand our
operational and financial management capabilities and resources. Moreover, we
will need to effectively train, integrate, motivate and retain our employees.
Our failure to manage our growth effectively could damage our ability to
increase revenue and become profitable.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY EXPAND OUR LIMITED MANUFACTURING CAPACITY, WE
MAY ENCOUNTER MANUFACTURING AND QUALITY CONTROL PROBLEMS AS WE INCREASE OUR
EFFORTS.
We currently have only one manufacturing facility at which we produce
limited quantities of our ProteinChip Arrays and ProteinChip Readers. Some
aspects of our manufacturing processes may not be easily scalable to allow for
production of our ProteinChip Arrays or ProteinChip Readers in larger volumes,
resulting in higher than anticipated material, labor and overhead costs per
unit. As a result, manufacturing and quality control problems may arise as we
increase our level of production. We may not be able to increase our
manufacturing capacity in a timely and cost-effective manner and we may
experience delays in manufacturing new products. If we are unable to
consistently manufacture our ProteinChip Arrays and ProteinChip Readers on a
timely basis because of these or other factors, we will not be able to meet
anticipated demand or become profitable.
WE FACE INTENSE COMPETITION IN OUR CURRENT AND POTENTIAL MARKETS AND IF OUR
COMPETITORS DEVELOP NEW TECHNOLOGIES OR PRODUCTS, OUR PRODUCTS MAY NOT ACHIEVE
MARKET ACCEPTANCE AND MAY FAIL TO CAPTURE MARKET SHARE.
Competition in our existing and potential markets is intense and we expect
it to increase. Currently, our principal competition comes from existing
technologies that are used to perform many of the same functions for which we
market our ProteinChip System.
The major technologies that compete with our ProteinChip System are liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometry and 2D-gel electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.
In the life science research market, protein research tools are currently
provided by companies such as the Applied Biosystems division of PE
Biosystems, Inc., Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Boehringer-Mannheim, Qiagen N.V.
and several smaller reagent and equipment companies. Several other companies
also provide products and services, some of which may be competitive with ours.
Additionally, our potential customers may internally develop competing
technologies. If we fail to compete effectively with these technologies and
products, or if competitors develop significant improvements in protein
detection systems or develop systems that are easier to use, our products may
not achieve market acceptance and our sales may not increase.
9
<PAGE>
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO MAINTAIN OUR LICENSED RIGHTS TO THE SELDI TECHNOLOGY, WE MAY
LOSE THE RIGHT TO PRODUCE OUR PROTEINCHIP SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTS BASED ON THE
SELDI TECHNOLOGY.
Our commercial success depends on our ability to maintain our sublicenses to
the SELDI technology. We acquired our core SELDI technology, which was
originally developed at the Baylor College of Medicine, pursuant to
royalty-bearing sublicenses in the fields in which we operate. Our rights under
these sublicenses are set forth in agreements between Molecular Analytical
Systems, Inc., or MAS, the exclusive licensee of the Baylor patents, and our
subsidiaries, IllumeSys Pacific, Inc. and Ciphergen Technologies, Inc.
In June 2000, MAS sent us letters signed by T. William Hutchens, President.
Dr. Hutchens is the beneficial owner of approximately 16% of our outstanding
shares prior to this offering and was formerly one of our directors and
officers. The letters notify us that as a result of an alleged material breach
by us of our obligations under the sublicense agreements, the sublicense
agreements will terminate unless we cure the alleged breaches. In other
communications with us, Dr. Hutchens has asserted that LumiCyte, Inc., another
company in which he is involved, holds exclusive rights to the SELDI technology
in the field of information and service products and, therefore he alleges, we
do not have rights to sell such information and service products, including
through our Biomarker Discovery Centers. Dr. Hutchens also claims that MAS
shares certain rights with us in the area of drug discovery.
In July 2000, we filed a lawsuit against MAS and LumiCyte requesting a
declaration that we have the right to sell information and service products,
including through our Biomarker Discovery Centers, and requesting a preliminary
injunction preventing MAS from terminating the sublicense agreements. We have
not received a decision from the court regarding our requests for relief.
Ciphergen and MAS have entered into an agreement that provides that MAS's
license termination notices are suspended pending the conclusion of this
lawsuit. The agreement also provides for a 60 day stay of litigation between the
parties, during which the parties have agreed to attempt to resolve their
differences. We believe that our case has merit and if we are unable to resolve
the dispute during this period, we intend to pursue the litigation aggressively.
Litigation is unpredictable and we may not prevail. The court may determine that
LumiCyte or other companies possess exclusive rights to provide information
products and service products that we seek to exercise as part of our business
described in this prospectus. The sublicense agreements referred to above
provide for termination in the event of material breach. Therefore, if we lose
the lawsuit, and if it were determined that the sublicense agreements had been
breached by our activities, such as proteomics services for fees, there is a
risk that our sublicense agreements to sell ProteinChip Readers and Arrays could
be terminated. Substantially all of our revenue is derived from products relying
on technology covered by the sublicense agreements. If the agreements were
terminated, we would be precluded from selling any SELDI-based products within
the scope of the Baylor patents, we would no longer generate revenue from the
sale of these products and we would have to revise our business direction and
strategy. See "Legal Proceedings."
IF THE GOVERNMENT GRANTS A LICENSE TO OTHERS ON THE SELDI TECHNOLOGY, IT MAY
HARM OUR BUSINESS.
Some of the inventions covered by the sublicense agreements were developed
under a grant from an agency of the U.S. government and therefore the government
has a paid-up nonexclusive nontransferable license to those inventions and the
right in limited circumstances to grant a license to others on reasonable terms.
If the government exercises those rights our business could be harmed.
IF A COMPETITOR INFRINGES OUR PROPRIETARY RIGHTS, WE MAY LOSE ANY COMPETITIVE
ADVANTAGE WE MAY HAVE AS A RESULT OF DIVERSION OF MANAGEMENT TIME, ENFORCEMENT
COSTS AND THE LOSS OF THE EXCLUSIVITY OF OUR PROPRIETARY RIGHTS.
Our commercial success depends in part on our ability to maintain and
enforce our proprietary rights. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks
and trade secrets to protect our technology and brand. In addition to our
licensed SELDI technology, we also have submitted patent applications
10
<PAGE>
directed to subsequent technological improvements and application of the SELDI
technology. Our patent applications may not result in us being granted
additional U.S. patents.
If competitors engage in activities that infringe our proprietary rights,
our management's focus will be diverted and we may incur significant costs in
asserting our rights. We may not be successful in asserting our proprietary
rights, which could result in our patents being held invalid or a court holding
that the competitor is not infringing, either of which would harm our
competitive position. We cannot be sure that others will not design around our
patented technology.
We also rely upon the skills, knowledge and experience of our technical
personnel. To help protect our rights, we require all employees to enter into
confidentiality agreements that prohibit the disclosure of confidential
information to anyone outside of us. These agreements may not provide adequate
protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in
the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure.
IF OTHERS SUCCESSFULLY ASSERT THEIR PROPRIETARY RIGHTS AGAINST US, WE MAY BE
PRECLUDED FROM MAKING AND SELLING OUR PRODUCTS OR WE MAY BE REQUIRED TO OBTAIN
LICENSES TO USE THEIR TECHNOLOGY.
Our success also depends on avoiding infringing on the proprietary
technologies of others. We are aware of third parties whose business involves
the use of mass spectrometry for the analysis of proteins and DNA. Certain of
these parties have issued patents or pending patent applications on technology
that they might assert against us. If they successfully make such assertions, we
may be required to obtain licenses to use that technology and such licenses may
not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. We may incur
substantial costs defending ourselves in lawsuits against charges of patent
infringement or other unlawful use of another's proprietary technology. Any such
lawsuit may not be decided in our favor, and if we are found liable, we may be
subject to monetary damages or injunction against using their technology.
IF WE ARE UNSUCCESSFUL IN OBTAINING A FEDERAL REGISTRATION FOR THE SELDI
TRADEMARK AND WE ARE SUCCESSFULLY SUED FOR TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT, WE MAY BE
REQUIRED TO LICENSE THE MARK OR CHANGE THE NAME OF OUR TECHNOLOGY AND INCUR
ASSOCIATED COSTS.
Molecular Analytical Systems has opposed our trademark application for the
SELDI mark on the basis of alleged earlier use of SELDI. That opposition remains
pending. As a result, we may not be successful in obtaining a federal
registration for the mark and may be sued by Molecular Analytical Systems for
trademark infringement based on Molecular Analytical Systems' prior claimed
rights to the SELDI mark. If Molecular Analytical Systems is successful, we will
have to license rights to the mark or not use the name, and we will be subjected
to costs and damages.
WE RELY ON SINGLE-SOURCE SUPPLIERS FOR MANY COMPONENTS OF OUR PROTEINCHIP SYSTEM
AND IF WE ARE UNABLE TO OBTAIN COMPONENTS WE WOULD BE HARMED AND OUR OPERATING
RESULTS WOULD SUFFER.
We depend on many single-source suppliers for the necessary materials and
components required to assemble our products. Because of limited quantities of
products manufactured at this stage of our development it is not economically
feasible to qualify and maintain alternate vendors for most components of our
ProteinChip Reader and ProteinChip Arrays. We have occasionally experienced
delays in receiving components resulting in manufacturing delays. If we are
unable to procure the necessary materials and components from our current
vendors, we will have to arrange new sources of supply and our materials and
components shipments could be delayed, harming our ability to assemble and
manufacture our ProteinChip Reader and ProteinChip Arrays, and our ability to
sustain or increase revenue could be harmed. As a result, our costs could
increase and our profitability could be harmed.
11
<PAGE>
WE MAY NEED TO RAISE ADDITIONAL CAPITAL IN THE FUTURE, AND IF WE ARE UNABLE TO
SECURE ADEQUATE FUNDS ON TERMS ACCEPTABLE TO US, WE MAY BE UNABLE TO EXECUTE OUR
BUSINESS PLAN.
We currently anticipate that the net proceeds of this offering will be
sufficient to meet our anticipated financial needs for at least the next two
years. However, we may need to raise additional capital sooner in order to
develop new or enhanced products or services, establish Biomarker Discovery
Centers and other facilities, acquire complementary products, businesses or
technologies to respond to competitive pressures. If we are unable to obtain
financing, or to obtain it on acceptable terms, we may be unable to successfully
execute our business plan.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO REDUCE OUR LENGTHY SALES CYCLE, OUR ABILITY TO BECOME
PROFITABLE WILL BE HARMED.
Our ability to obtain customers for our products depends in significant part
upon the perception that our products and services can help enable protein
biomarker discovery, characterization and assay development. The sales cycle is
lengthy, typically between a few months to one year. Our sales effort requires
the effective demonstration of the benefits of our products to and significant
training of many different departments within a potential customer. These
departments might include research and development personnel and key management.
In addition, we may be required to negotiate agreements containing terms unique
to each customer. We may expend substantial funds and management effort and may
not be able to successfully sell our products or services in a short enough time
to achieve profitability.
IF THERE ARE REDUCTIONS IN RESEARCH FUNDING, THE ABILITY OF OUR EXISTING AND
PROSPECTIVE RESEARCH CUSTOMERS TO PURCHASE OUR PRODUCTS COULD BE SERIOUSLY
HARMED.
A significant portion of our products for research use is likely to be sold
to universities, government research laboratories, private foundations and other
institutions where funding is dependent upon grants from government agencies,
such as the National Institutes of Health. Government funding for research and
development has fluctuated significantly in the past due to changes in
congressional appropriations. Research funding by the government may be
significantly reduced in the future. Any such reduction may seriously harm the
ability of our existing and prospective research customers to purchase our
products or reduce the number of ProteinChip Arrays used. Limitations in funding
for commercial, academic and biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies that are
the potential customers for our ProteinChip System and ProteinChip Arrays and
cost containment pressures for biomedical research may limit our ability to sell
our products.
CONSOLIDATION OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY MAY REDUCE THE
SIZE OF OUR TARGET MARKET AND CAUSE A DECREASE IN OUR REVENUE.
Consolidation in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries is
generally expected to occur. Planned or future consolidation among our current
and potential customers could decrease or slow sales of our technology and
reduce the markets our products target. Any such consolidation could limit the
market for our products and seriously harm our ability to achieve or sustain
profitability.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO ATTRACT CLIENTS FOR OUR BIOMARKER DISCOVERY CENTERS, WE WILL
NOT BE SUCCESSFUL IN FURTHERING ADOPTION OF OUR PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGY AND
ACHIEVING PROFITABILITY.
An element of our business strategy is to establish Biomarker Discovery
Centers in part through partnerships with academic and government research
centers, and pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Although we are
currently in negotiation with potential partners and clients, to date we have
entered into only three such arrangements. Failure to enter into additional
arrangements could limit adoption of our products and prevent us from achieving
profitability.
12
<PAGE>
RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING
IF OUR STOCK PRICE IS VOLATILE, YOUR INVESTMENT IN OUR STOCK COULD DECLINE IN
VALUE.
There is currently no public market for our common stock, and an active
trading market may not develop or be sustained after this offering. The initial
public offering price will be determined through negotiation between us and
representatives of the underwriters and may not be indicative of the market
price for our common stock after this offering. The price of our stock may
decline after this offering.
IF OUR OPERATING RESULTS FLUCTUATE, IT MAY MAKE IT DIFFICULT TO FORECAST OUR
FUTURE PERFORMANCE AND MAY CAUSE OUR STOCK PRICE TO DECLINE.
Our results of operations historically have fluctuated on an annual and
quarterly basis, and we expect this trend to continue. In recent years, we have
generated significantly more revenues during our fourth quarter than during our
first quarter. Operating results can fluctuate as a result of a number of
factors, including:
- the commencement, delay or cancellation of purchase orders;
- seasonal slowdowns;
- costs incurred in developing and testing our products and product
enhancements;
- costs incurred in anticipation of future sales, such as inventory
purchases, expansion of manufacturing facilities, or establishment of
international sales offices;
- legal costs incurred in protecting our technology; and
- budget cycles of our customers.
We believe that period-to-period comparisons of our historical and future
results will not necessarily be meaningful, and that investors should not rely
on them as indicators of future performance. To the extent we experience the
factors described above, our future operating results may not meet the
expectations of securities analysts or investors from time to time, which may
cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
BECAUSE THE NASDAQ NATIONAL MARKET IS LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE EXTREME PRICE AND
VOLUME FLUCTUATIONS, PARTICULARLY WITH RESPECT TO THE STOCK OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
COMPANIES SUCH AS OURS, THE PRICE OF OUR STOCK MAY DECLINE EVEN IF OUR BUSINESS
IS DOING WELL.
The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly as a
result of:
- our susceptibility to quarterly variations in our operating results, which
may cause us to fail to meet analysts' or investors' expectations;
- earnings and other announcements by, and changes in analyst and investor
evaluations of, pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms and us;
- announcements or implementation by us or our competitors of technological
innovations or new products or services; and
- trading volume of our common stock.
The securities of many companies have experienced significant price and
volume fluctuations in recent years, often unrelated to the companies' operating
performance. Specifically, market prices for securities of biotechnology
companies have sometimes reached elevated levels, often following their initial
public offerings. These levels may not be sustainable and may not bear any
relationship to the operating performances of these companies. If the market
price of our common stock reaches an elevated level following this offering, it
may significantly and rapidly decline. In the past, following
13
<PAGE>
periods of volatility in the market price of a company's securities,
stockholders have often instituted securities class action litigation against
the company. If we were to become involved in a class action suit, it could
divert the attention of senior management, and, if adversely determined, our
business could suffer.
THE SALE OR AVAILABILITY FOR SALE OF SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNTS OF OUR COMMON STOCK
COULD CAUSE A DECLINE IN THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK, EVEN IF OUR
BUSINESS IS DOING WELL.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market after
the completion of this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur,
could cause a decline in the market price of our common stock and could impair
our future ability to raise capital through offerings of our common stock. Upon
completion of the offering, we will have outstanding an aggregate of 25,130,638
shares of common stock, assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment
option and no exercise of outstanding options or outstanding warrants after
July 31, 2000. Of these outstanding shares, the 5,000,000 shares sold in the
offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration
under the Securities Act of 1933, unless purchased by our "affiliates" as that
term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933. The remaining
20,130,638 shares of common stock outstanding upon completion of the offering
and held by existing stockholders will be "restricted securities" as that term
is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933.
All officers, directors and certain other holders of common stock have
entered into contractual "lock-up" agreements providing that they will not
offer, sell, contract to sell or grant any option to purchase or otherwise
dispose of shares of common stock owned by them or that could be purchased by
them through the exercise of options or warrants for a period of 180 days after
the date of this prospectus. SG Cowen may, in its sole discretion, at any time
without notice, release all or any portion of the shares subject to the lock-up
agreements, which would result in more shares being available for sale in the
public market at an earlier date. As a result of these contractual restrictions,
notwithstanding possible earlier eligibility for sale under the various
provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, additional shares will be eligible for
sale beginning 181 days after the effective date of the offering, subject in
some cases to certain volume limitations.
Shares of our common stock, other than shares sold in this offering, will
become eligible for sale in the public market as follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
At the effective date..................................... 0 shares
90 days after effective date.............................. 0 shares
181 days after effective date............................. 20,130,638 shares
More than 181 days after effective date................... 0 shares
</TABLE>
Sales of the restricted shares in the public market, or the availability of
such shares for sale, could adversely affect the market price of the common
stock.
CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP OF OUR COMMON STOCK MAY LIMIT YOUR ABILITY TO
INFLUENCE CORPORATE MATTERS.
Immediately following this offering, our executive officers and directors,
or entities controlled by them, together with greater than five percent
stockholders and their affiliates will own approximately 50.4% of the
outstanding shares of our common stock.
If our significant stockholders choose to act or vote together on other
matters, they will have the power to control the approval of any other action
requiring the approval of our stockholders, including any amendments to our
certificate of incorporation and mergers, acquisitions or sales of all of our
assets. In addition, without the consent of these stockholders, we could be
prevented from entering into transactions that could be beneficial to us. Also,
third parties could be discouraged from making a tender offer or bid to acquire
our company at a price per share that is above the then-prevailing market price.
14
<PAGE>
PROVISIONS OF OUR CHARTER DOCUMENTS AND DELAWARE LAW COULD PREVENT OR DELAY A
CHANGE IN OUR CONTROL AND MAY REDUCE THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK.
Amendments to our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, as well as
various provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, may make it more
difficult to effect a change in control of us. The existence of these provisions
may adversely affect the price of our common stock, discourage third parties
from making a bid for us or reduce any premiums paid to our stockholders for
their common stock. For example, our certificate of incorporation authorizes our
board of directors to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of blank check preferred
stock and to attach special rights and preferences to this preferred stock. The
issuance of this preferred stock may make it more difficult for a third party to
acquire control of us. Our Certificate of Incorporation also provides for the
division of our board of directors into three classes as nearly equal in size as
possible with staggered three-year terms. This classification of our board of
directors could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to
acquire us, or of discouraging a third party from acquiring control of us.
15
<PAGE>
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We have made statements under the captions "Prospectus Summary," "Risk
Factors," "Use of Proceeds," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations," "Business" and in other sections of this
prospectus that are forward-looking statements. You can identify these
statements by forward-looking words such as "may," "will," "expect," "intend,"
"anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "plan," "could," "should" and "continue" or
similar words. These forward-looking statements may also use different phrases.
We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and
projections about future events. These forward-looking statements, which are
subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions about us, may include, among
other things, projections of our future results of operations or of our
financial condition, our anticipated product commercialization strategies, and
anticipated trends in our business.
We believe it is important to communicate our expectations to our investors.
However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately
predict or that we do not fully control that could cause actual results to
differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking
statements. Because these forward-looking statements involve risks and
uncertainties, there are important factors that could cause actual results to
differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking
statements.
You should also consider carefully the statements under "Risk Factors" and
other sections of this prospectus, which address additional factors that could
cause our results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking
statements.
YOU SHOULD RELY ONLY ON THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS. WE
HAVE NOT AUTHORIZED ANYONE TO PROVIDE YOU WITH INFORMATION THAT IS DIFFERENT. WE
ARE OFFERING TO SELL AND SEEKING OFFERS TO BUY SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK ONLY
IN JURISDICTIONS WHERE OFFERS AND SALES ARE PERMITTED. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED
IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS ACCURATE ONLY AS OF THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS,
REGARDLESS OF THE TIME OF DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS OR OF ANY SALE OF OUR
COMMON STOCK. IN THIS PROSPECTUS, REFERENCES TO "CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS,"
"CIPHERGEN," "WE," "US" AND "OUR" REFER TO CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC., A
DELAWARE CORPORATION.
CIPHERGEN AND PROTEINCHIP ARE U.S. REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF CIPHERGEN
BIOSYSTEMS, INC. IN ADDITION, CIPHERGEN HAS FILED FOR TRADEMARK REGISTRATION OF
SELDI, THE CIPHERGEN LOGO AND BIOMARKER DISCOVERY CENTER. THIS PROSPECTUS ALSO
INCLUDES TRADEMARKS AND TRADENAMES OF OTHER PARTIES.
15
<PAGE>
USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of the 5,000,000 shares of
common stock offered by us at an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00
per share will be approximately $68.3 million after deducting the underwriting
discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by us. If the underwriters
exercise in full their option to purchase an additional 750,000 shares of common
stock, we estimate that such net proceeds will be approximately $78.7 million.
We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering primarily for:
- working capital--approximately $14.0 million;
- establishment of Biomarker Discovery Centers--approximately $6.0 million;
- expansion of our facilities--approximately $3.0 million;
- general corporate purposes, including selected strategic investments or
acquisitions--approximately $45.3 million.
Based upon the current status of our product development and
commercialization plans, we believe that the net proceeds of this offering,
together with our cash, cash equivalents and investments, will be adequate to
satisfy our capital needs through at least the next two years. Pending use of
the net proceeds of this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds in
interest-bearing, investment-grade securities.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We
currently intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, to finance
operations and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable
future. Our current equipment financing facilities and bank line-of-credit
restrict our ability to declare and pay any dividends without the prior consent
of our lenders.
16
<PAGE>
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization at June 30, 2000:
- on an actual basis;
- on a pro forma basis to reflect the conversion upon the closing of this
offering of all outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock on a
one-for-one basis into 12,905,777 shares of common stock; and
- on a pro forma, as adjusted basis, to reflect the sale of the common stock
offered by this prospectus at an assumed initial public offering price of
$15.00 per share, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts,
commissions and offering expenses, and to reflect the exercise of warrants
to purchase 66,113 shares of convertible preferred stock at a weighted
average exercise price of $2.95 per share, which warrants will expire at
the closing of this offering.
You should read the following table in conjunction with our consolidated
financial statements and related notes included in this prospectus.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JUNE 30, 2000
----------------------------------
(UNAUDITED)
PRO FORMA,
ACTUAL PRO FORMA AS ADJUSTED
-------- --------- -----------
(IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT PER SHARE
AND SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations, net of current
portion................................................... $ 609 $ 609 $ 609
-------- -------- --------
Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value,
Authorized: 13,869,067 shares actual; pro forma and pro
forma, as adjusted
Issued and outstanding: 12,905,777 shares actual; none pro
forma and pro forma, as adjusted........................ 53,215 -- --
-------- -------- --------
Preferred stock warrants.................................... 568 -- --
-------- -------- --------
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Common stock, $0.001 par value,
Authorized: 25,800,000 shares
Issued and outstanding: 7,158,748 shares actual;
20,064,525 shares pro forma; 25,130,638 shares pro forma
as adjusted............................................. 7 20 25
Additional paid-in capital.............................. 25,862 79,632 148,072
Notes receivable from stockholders...................... (767) (767) (767)
Deferred stock compensation............................. (14,650) (14,650) (14,650)
Accumulated deficit..................................... (37,794) (37,794) (37,794)
-------- -------- --------
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)........................ (27,342) 26,441 94,886
-------- -------- --------
Total capitalization........................................ $ 27,050 $ 27,050 $ 95,495
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
The information in the table above does not include:
- 1,545,012 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options
outstanding under our stock option plan at a weighted average exercise
price of $2.98 per share;
- 111,892 shares of common stock reserved for future grant under our stock
option plan;
- 215,000 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2000
Employee Stock Purchase Plan;
- 1,075,000 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the
2000 Stock Plan;
- 57,600 shares of our preferred stock issuable upon exercise of warrants at
a weighted average exercise price of $2.73 per share; and
- 210,700 shares of common stock issuable to Stanford Research
Systems, Inc. upon expected achievement of certain product development
milestones under the product development agreement dated February 2, 1995
and amended on June 2, 2000.
17
<PAGE>
DILUTION
Our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2000, was $25.9 million or $1.29
per share of common stock after giving effect to the conversion of all
outstanding shares of preferred stock into shares of common stock in connection
with this offering. Our net tangible book value per share represents the amount
of total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the shares of common
stock outstanding as of June 30, 2000, assuming the conversion of all
outstanding shares of preferred stock.
After giving effect to the sale of 5,000,000 shares of common stock we are
offering hereby at an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per share
and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and
offering expenses, our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2000, would have
been approximately $94.2 million or $3.76 per share. This represents an
immediate increase in net tangible book value of $2.47 per share to existing
stockholders and an immediate dilution of $11.24 per share to the investors
purchasing shares of common stock in this offering. The following table
illustrates this per share dilution.
Pro forma net tangible book value dilution per share represents the
incremental dilutive effect of the exercise of warrants to purchase 66,113
shares of convertible preferred stock at a weighted average exercise price of
$2.95 per share, which warrants will expire at the closing of this offering.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Assumed initial public offering price per share............. $15.00
Net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2000....... $1.29
Increase attributable to new investors...................... 2.47
-----
Net tangible book value per share after the offering........ 3.76
------
Dilution per share to new investors......................... 11.24
Incremental dilution occurring upon exercise of warrants.... 0.01
------
Pro forma dilution per share to new investors............... $11.25
======
</TABLE>
The following table summarizes, as of June 30, 2000, on the pro forma basis
described above, the number of shares of common stock purchased in this
offering, the aggregate cash consideration paid and the average price per share
paid by existing stockholders for common stock and by new investors purchasing
shares of common stock in this offering:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES PURCHASED TOTAL CASH CONSIDERATION AVERAGE
--------------------- ------------------------- PRICE PER
NUMBER PERCENT AMOUNT PERCENT SHARE
---------- -------- ------------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Existing Stockholders..................... 20,130,638 80% $ 59,741,538 44% $ 2.97
New Investors............................. 5,000,000 20 75,000,000 56 15.00
---------- --- ------------ ---
Total..................................... 25,130,638 100% $134,741,538 100%
========== === ============ ===
</TABLE>
This discussion and tables above assume no exercise of options outstanding
under our stock option plan. As of July 31, 2000, there were options outstanding
to purchase a total of 1,542,603 shares of common stock at a weighted average
exercise price of $2.98 per share and 114,300 shares available for future grant
or issuance under our stock option plan. The discussion and tables above also
assume no exercise of any outstanding warrants, other than those expected to be
exercised due to their termination at the time of this offering. It also does
not include 210,700 shares of preferred stock issuable upon possible achievement
of product development milestones by Stanford Research Systems, Inc. As of
July 31, 2000, there were outstanding warrants to purchase 123,713 shares of our
preferred stock at a weighted average exercise price of $2.85 per share. To the
extent that any of these options or warrants are exercised, there will be
further dilution to new investors.
18
<PAGE>
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
The selected financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction
with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations," included in this prospectus. The consolidated statement of
operations data for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998, and 1999, and the
consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 1998, and 1999, are derived
from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this
prospectus. The consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended
December 31, 1995 and 1996, and the consolidated balance sheet data as of
December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, are derived from our audited consolidated
financial statements that are not included in this prospectus. The consolidated
statement of operations data for the six months ended June 30, 1999, and 2000,
and the consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2000, are derived from
our unaudited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. In the
opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements include
all adjustments, consisting principally of normal recurring adjustments,
necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the period.
The historical results are not necessarily indicative of the operating results
to be expected in the future and the results of interim periods are not
necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.
See the notes to the consolidated financial statements for an explanation of
the method used to determine the numbers of shares used in computing basic and
diluted and pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, ENDED JUNE 30,
---------------------------------------------------- -------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1999 2000
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Revenue:
Product revenue.................................... $ -- $ 335 $ 1,283 $ 2,308 $ 4,128 $ 1,784 $ 3,188
Revenue from related parties....................... -- -- -- 625 882 5 453
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Total revenue.................................. -- 335 1,283 2,933 5,010 1,789 3,641
Cost of revenue:
Product revenue.................................... -- 412 1,002 843 1,402 690 1,215
Revenue from related parties....................... -- -- -- 225 306 2 296
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Total cost of revenue.......................... -- 412 1,002 1,068 1,708 692 1,511
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Gross margin................................... -- (77) 281 1,865 3,302 1,097 2,130
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Operating expenses:
Research and development........................... 1,180 1,906 3,249 4,733 3,139 1,524 2,876
Sales and marketing................................ 89 421 1,315 2,662 4,989 2,416 3,553
General and administrative......................... 826 650 1,332 2,100 2,799 1,168 5,188
Amortization of intangible assets.................. 164 279 365 183 167
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Total operating expenses......................... 2,095 2,977 6,060 9,774 11,292 5,291 11,784
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Loss from operations................................. (2,095) (3,054) (5,779) (7,909) (7,990) (4,194) (9,654)
Interest and other income (expense), net............. 4 (102) (226) (143) (56) (30) 445
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net loss............................................. (2,091) (3,156) (6,005) (8,052) (8,046) (4,224) (9,209)
Dividend related to beneficial conversion feature of
preferred stock.................................... -- -- -- -- -- -- (27,228)
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net loss attributable to common stockholders......... $(2,091) $(3,156) $(6,005) $(8,052) $(8,046) $(4,224) $(36,437)
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ========
Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to
common stockholders................................ $ (3.08) $ (3.70) $ (2.07) $ (1.62) $ (1.26) $ (0.67) $ (5.53)
Weighted average shares used in computing basic and
diluted net loss per share attributable to common
stockholders....................................... 677 854 2,903 4,970 6,397 6,306 6,585
Pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share
attributable to common stockholders (unaudited).... $ (0.55) $ (2.04)
Weighted average shares used in computing pro forma
basic and diluted net loss per share attributable
to common stockholders............................. 14,594 17,845
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------------------- JUNE 30,
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents................................... $ 127 $ 900 $ 416 $ 7,002 $ 2,799 $24,027
Working capital............................................. (80) 1,063 (1,958) 6,616 1,533 22,439
Total assets................................................ 752 2,219 2,869 11,144 6,844 33,311
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations, net of current
portion................................................... 285 474 576 381 483 609
Convertible preferred stock and warrants.................... 3,317 7,506 10,425 24,264 25,339 53,783
Total stockholders' deficit................................. (3,267) (6,404) (11,375) (16,275) (22,938) (27,342)
</TABLE>
19
<PAGE>
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH OUR CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND RELATED NOTES INCLUDED IN THIS PROSPECTUS. PLEASE REFER
TO "SPECIAL NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS" AND "RISK FACTORS."
OVERVIEW
We develop, manufacture and sell our ProteinChip System, which consists of
disposable ProteinChip Arrays, a ProteinChip Reader and ProteinChip Software. We
market and sell our products primarily to research biologists in pharmaceutical
and biotechnology companies and academic and government research laboratories.
As part of our early product design effort, in February 1995, we signed an
agreement with Stanford Research Systems, a Sunnyvale, California based
manufacturer of electronic test equipment, to assist in this development. As
part of our early market research activities, in the fourth quarter of 1996, we
began selling an early prototype of our reader, which we purchased from a
supplier in the U.K., combined with our own software. In April 1997, we acquired
IllumeSys Pacific, Inc., which held specific rights to the SELDI technology for
the life science research market. Our first designed and manufactured system,
the ProteinChip System, Series PBS I, was available for customer shipment for
additional market research in the third quarter of 1997, and we discontinued
supplying the U.K.-purchased system. In July 1998, we acquired Ciphergen
Technologies, Inc., which held specific rights to the SELDI technology in other
life science markets. During 1999, we initiated an expanded marketing program
and in May began shipping our first commercial product, the ProteinChip System,
Series PBS II.
Also in 1999, we invested $315,000 for 30% ownership of Ciphergen
Biosystems, K.K., a joint venture we established with Sumitomo Corporation to
distribute our products in Japan. We have the right to purchase an additional
40% ownership based on a predetermined formula as early as 2002. Until we
exercise this right, Sumitomo Corporation has agreed to arrange all working
capital for Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K. and receives payments from Ciphergen
Biosystems, K.K. equal to 20% of the list price of our products sold by
Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K. in exchange for providing support services to
Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K.
Since 1997, we have used our resources primarily to develop our proprietary
ProteinChip System and establish marketing and sales for commercialization of
our products. Since our inception we have incurred significant losses and as of
June 30, 2000, we had an accumulated deficit of $37.8 million.
We recognize revenue in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101,
"Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements". Revenue from the sale of our
ProteinChip System and disposable ProteinChip Arrays is recognized at the time
of shipment provided no significant obligations remain and collections of the
receivables are deemed probable. Currently, most of the units of our ProteinChip
System placed in the field generate a recurring revenue stream from the sale of
disposables. We expect the volume of disposables purchased from each site to
increase over time as customers become increasingly familiar with the technology
and adopt our ProteinChip System for a broader range of proteomics research
programs. Our sales are currently driven by the need for better tools to perform
protein biomarker discovery, characterization and assay development.
Our expenses have consisted primarily of costs incurred in manufacturing our
ProteinChip System, including materials, labor and overhead costs, marketing and
sales activities, research and development programs, and general and
administrative costs associated with our operations. We expect our cost of
revenue to increase in the future as we sell additional units of our ProteinChip
System and Arrays, but to decrease as a percent of total revenue as we gain
efficiencies from spreading our fixed costs over a greater number of units. Our
selling expenses will increase as we continue to commercialize our products and
expand our sales force. We expect our research and development expenses to
increase in
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the future as we continue to improve and develop products. Expansion of our
facilities and the additional obligations of a public reporting entity will also
add to our expenses. As a result, we expect to incur losses for the foreseeable
future. Our current products do not provide sufficient revenue for us to become
profitable. To become profitable, we will need to increase unit sales of our
ProteinChip System and generate significant sales of disposables.
Effective July, 2000, we began an eight-year lease of a 30,000 square foot
building in Fremont, California. The new building houses most of our California
based employees, as well as a new Biomarker Discovery Center. We expect to
expend approximately $2.5 million on leasehold improvement, and to incur
operating costs of approximately $1.1 million per year in connection with our
new facility. We use approximately 8% of the Fremont space for a Biomarker
Discovery Center for which we expect to incur approximately $90,000 in operating
costs per year. Capital equipment to set up each of our Biomarker Discovery
Centers will cost $150,000 to $500,000. In the first quarter of 2000, we also
established our Scandinavian headquarters for sales and service and a Biomarker
Discovery Center facility in Copenhagen, Denmark, with an annual lease cost of
approximately $80,000. We do not have customers or partnerships for the
Copenhagen facility at this time. Until we initiate such revenue producing
arrangements, we will deploy the staff and facility on product development
projects and product demonstrations for potential partnerships.
We also expect to create a third Biomarker Discovery Center in the
Philadelphia area as soon as our first pharmaceutical company partnership is
established and revenue is committed to cover at least part of the operating
cost before space is acquired. Finally, we are also negotiating with a
university medical center in the eastern United States, where the facility,
within the university's laboratory complex, is expected to have a similar annual
operating cost to the others. We expect that the academic medical center will be
our only partner and will supply the Biomarker Discovery Center with a renowned
scientist to direct the Center and will provide samples from a variety of
diseased and normal patients. We expect that this Biomarker Discovery Center
will focus on the development of methodologies, the discovery and validation of
jointly owned biomarkers, and generation of research publications. We project
that each of the other three Centers will generate revenues from multiple
partnerships and will become profitable within two to three years of the
commencement of operations.
We have a limited history of operations and we anticipate that our quarterly
results of operations will fluctuate for the foreseeable future due to several
factors, including market acceptance of current and new products, the length of
the sales cycle and timing of significant orders, the timing and results of our
research and development efforts, the introduction of new products by our
competitors and possible patent conflicts. Our limited operating history makes
accurate prediction of future results of operations difficult or impossible.
Deferred stock compensation for options granted to employees is the
difference between the fair value of our common stock on the date such options
were granted and their exercise price. Deferred stock compensation for options
granted to consultants has been determined in accordance with Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 as the fair value of the equity
instruments issued. Deferred stock compensation for options granted to
consultants is periodically remeasured as the underlying options vest in
accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Bulletin No. 96-18.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
COMPARISON OF SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2000 AND 1999
REVENUE
Total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2000 was $3.6 million
compared to $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 1999. This increase
of $1.8 million or 104% was primarily due to
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increases in unit sales of our ProteinChip Systems and increases in sales of
disposable ProteinChip Arrays.
EXPENSES
COST OF REVENUE
Cost of revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2000 was $1.5 million
compared to $692,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1999. This increase
totaled $819,000 or 118% and was primarily due to increases in unit sales of our
ProteinChip Systems and increases in sales of disposable ProteinChip Arrays.
Cost of revenue as a percent of total revenue increased from 39% to 41%
primarily as a result of increases in deferred stock compensation, increases in
warranty and other reserves, and costs associated with the introduction of the
ProteinChip System, Series PBS-II, and new ProteinChip Arrays. Deferred stock
compensation expense was $72,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2000 and
$14,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1999.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2000
were $2.9 million compared to $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30,
1999. This increase totaled $1.4 million or 89% and was primarily due to an
increase in deferred stock compensation, increases in the number of employees
engaged in research and development and the issuance of 60,000 shares of
Series B Preferred Stock with a fair market value of $379,000 to SRS in
connection with a product development agreement. Deferred stock compensation
expense was $605,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2000 and $73,000 for the
six months ended June 30, 1999.
SALES AND MARKETING
Sales and marketing expenses were $3.6 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2000 compared to $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 1999.
This increase of $1.1 million or 47% was due primarily to additional salaries
and related costs associated with newly hired sales personnel, marketing
activities associated with the launch of the ProteinChip System, Series PBS II
and increases in general product promotion activities. Deferred stock
compensation expense was $527,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2000 and
$168,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1999.
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
General and administrative expenses were $5.2 million for the six months
ended June 30, 2000 compared to $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30,
1999. This increase of $4.0 million or 344% was due primarily to an increase in
deferred stock compensation, as well as to intellectual property expenses and to
additional salaries and related costs associated with newly hired employees and
contractors in business development and accounting. Deferred stock compensation
expense was $2.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2000 and $221,000 for
the six months ended June 30, 1999. We also incurred $996,000 of non-cash
severance expense upon the retirement of a key employee for the six months ended
June 30, 2000.
AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Amortization of intangible assets totaled $167,000 for the six months ended
June 30, 2000 compared to $183,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1999. These
amounts represent portions of the costs incurred to acquire IllumeSys Pacific,
Inc. and 5% of Ciphergen Technologies, Inc., or CTI, in April 1997 and the costs
to acquire the remaining 95% of CTI in July 1998.
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INTEREST INCOME, INTEREST EXPENSE, OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Interest income was $553,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2000 compared
to $143,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1999. This increase of $410,000 or
287% was primarily due to larger average cash balances during the six months
ended June 30, 2000 following the Series E preferred stock financing. Interest
expense was $95,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2000 compared to $74,000
for the six months ended June 30, 1999. This increase of $21,000 or 28% was
primarily due to interest expense on our accounts receivable bank line of
credit, which was in place during the first three months of 2000 and not during
the first six months of 1999. Other income was $12,000 for the six months ended
June 30, 2000 compared to $14,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1999. Equity
in net loss of joint venture (our 30% share of the losses incurred by Ciphergen
Biosystems, K.K.) was $25,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2000 compared to
$113,000 for the six months ended June 30, 1999.
COMPARISON OF YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
REVENUE
Revenue was $5.0 million in 1999, $2.9 million in 1998 and $1.3 million in
1997. This increase in revenue from 1998 to 1999, which was $2.1 million or 71%,
was primarily due to increases in unit sales of our ProteinChip System,
increases in sales of disposable ProteinChip Arrays and price increases in
connection with the introduction of our first commercial product, the
ProteinChip System, Series PBS II. This increase in revenue from 1997 to 1998,
which was $1.6 million or 129%, was primarily due to an increase in the number
of units of our ProteinChip System sold and increases in sales of ProteinChip
Arrays. In 1999, our revenue included $546,000 from Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K.
In 1998 revenue included $364,000 from Sumitomo Corporation as part of the
establishment of the joint venture. We derived no revenue from Japan in 1997.
COST OF REVENUE
Cost of revenue was $1.7 million in 1999, $1.1 million in 1998 and
$1.0 million in 1997. From 1998 to 1999, cost of revenue increased $640,000 or
60%. This increase from 1998 to 1999 was primarily due to an increase in unit
sales of our ProteinChip System. Cost of revenue as a percent of revenue
decreased from 36% to 34%, primarily as a result of manufacturing efficiencies
as unit volumes of our ProteinChip System and Arrays manufactured increased.
From 1997 to 1998, cost of revenue was essentially unchanged. Cost of revenue as
a percent of revenue decreased from 78% to 36%, primarily due to one-time
expenses incurred in 1997 from manufacturing start-up costs of both ProteinChip
Readers and ProteinChip Arrays. In addition, manufacturing efficiencies were
achieved as unit volumes of our ProteinChip System and Arrays increased.
Deferred stock compensation expense was $39,000 in 1999, $2,000 in 1998 and
$1,000 in 1997.
OPERATING EXPENSES
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. Research and development expenses were
$3.1 million in 1999, $4.7 million in 1998 and $3.2 million in 1997. From 1998
to 1999, research and development expenses decreased $1.6 million or 34%. This
decrease was primarily due to a one-time, non-cash charge of $1.7 million in
compensation expense in 1998, related to an employee retained following our
acquisition of IllumeSys Pacific, Inc. From 1997 to 1998, research and
development expenses increased $1.5 million or 46%. This increase was primarily
due to the one-time charge of $1.7 million recognized in 1998 described above
and to a $275,000 milestone payment to Stanford Research Systems in 1997.
Deferred stock compensation expense was $206,000 in 1999, $167,000 in 1998 and
$44,000 in 1997.
SALES AND MARKETING. Sales and marketing expenses were $5.0 million in
1999, $2.7 million in 1998 and $1.3 million in 1997. From 1998 to 1999, sales
and marketing expenses increased $2.3 million or
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87%. This increase was primarily due to additional salaries and related costs
associated with newly hired sales personnel, marketing activities associated
with the launch of the ProteinChip, Series PBS II and increases in general
product promotion activities. From 1997 to 1998, sales and marketing expenses
increased $1.3 million or 102%. This increase was primarily due to additional
salaries and related costs associated with newly hired sales personnel and
limited marketing activities in 1998. Deferred stock compensation expense was
$476,000 in 1999, $33,000 in 1998 and $5,000 in 1997.
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE. General and administrative expenses were
$2.8 million in 1999, $2.1 million in 1998 and $1.3 million in 1997. From 1998
to 1999, general and administrative expenses increased $699,000 or 33%. This
increase was primarily due to business development consulting expenses, legal
and filing fees related to intellectual property and to additional salaries and
related costs associated with newly hired employees and contractors in business
development and accounting. From 1997 to 1998, general and administrative
expenses increased $768,000 or 58%. This increase was primarily due to deferred
stock compensation, intellectual property and business development expenses and
to additional salaries and related costs associated with a newly hired Chief
Financial Officer. In 1999, we incurred expenses of approximately $30,000 in
legal fees and travel costs to conclude the joint venture and distribution and
marketing agreements and attend the first board of directors meeting of
Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K. In 1998, we incurred expenses of approximately
$20,000 in legal fees related to negotiation of the Joint Venture Agreement with
Sumitomo Corporation. Deferred stock compensation expense totaled $623,000 in
1999, $678,000 in 1998 and $69,000 in 1997.
INTEREST AND OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET. Interest income was $245,000 in
1999, $175,000 in 1998 and $15,000 in 1997. The increase from 1998 to 1999 was
$70,000 or 40% due primarily to larger average balances in short term securities
investments resulting from the Series D preferred stock offering in July and
September 1998. The increase from 1997 to 1998 was $160,000, again due primarily
to larger average balances in short term securities investments.
Interest expense was $179,000 in 1999, $488,000 in 1998 and $236,000 in
1997. The decrease of $309,000 or 63% from 1998 to 1999 was primarily due to the
decrease in interest expense related to the amortization of the debt discount
from $229,000 in 1998 to $19,000 in 1999. The increase of $252,000 or 107%, from
1997 to 1998 was primarily due to increases related to the amortization of the
debt discount from $18,000 in 1997 to $229,000 in 1998 due to Series D Preferred
Stock warrants related to bridge loans paid off in July 1998.
Other income (expense) was $37,000 in 1999, $170,000 in 1998 and $(5,000) in
1997. In 1999, we received a $315,000 prepayment from Ciphergen
Biosystems, K.K. for support and service, which is being recognized over the ten
year life of the agreement. In 1999, we recognized $31,500 as other income. In
1999, we recorded our 30% share of the loss incurred by Ciphergen
Biosystems, K.K., totaling $159,000, as equity in net loss of joint venture. The
increase in income in 1998 was related to non-operating income received from a
strategic partner.
INCOME TAXES
We incurred net losses during the past three years and during the first six
months of the current year, and consequently are not subject to corporate income
taxes to the extent of our tax loss carryforwards. At December 31, 1999, we had
federal net operating loss carryforwards of $21.1 million, state net operating
loss carryforwards of $10.9 million and research and development credits of
$935,000, which will expire between 2002 and 2019. The utilization of net
operating loss carryforwards to reduce future income taxes will depend on our
ability to generate sufficient taxable income prior to the expiration of the net
operating loss carryforwards. In addition, the maximum annual use of the net
operating loss carryforwards may be limited in situations where changes occur in
our stock ownership.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
From inception through June 30, 2000 we have financed our operations with
$13.2 million from the sales of products and services to customers, and with
private placements of preferred stock totaling $54 million. This includes the
$29.0 million Series E Preferred Stock financing completed in March 2000. We had
cash balances of $24.0 million and working capital of $22.4 million at June 30,
2000. Long-term debt and capital lease balances at June 30, 2000 were $609,000,
net of current portions.
Net cash used in operating activities was $2.4 million in the first half of
2000, which was primarily the result of net losses in operations.
Net cash used in investing activities was $3.0 million in the first half of
2000, which consisted principally of capital equipment purchases.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $26.8 million in the first
half of 2000, largely the result of the sale of preferred stock and the exercise
of preferred stock warrants.
We may be required to raise additional capital through a variety of sources,
including the public equity market, private financings, collaborative
arrangements and debt. If additional capital is raised through the issuance of
equity or securities convertible into equity, our stockholders may experience
dilution, and such securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior
to those of the holders of the common stock. Additional financing may not be
available to us on favorable terms, if at all. If we are unable to obtain
financing, or to obtain it on acceptable terms, we may be unable to execute our
business plan.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued SFAS
No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." SFAS
No. 133 establishes new standards of accounting and reporting for derivative
instruments and hedging activities. SFAS No. 133 requires that all derivatives
be recognized at fair value in the statement of financial position, and that the
corresponding gains or losses be reported either in the statement of operations
or as a component of comprehensive income, depending on the type of relationship
that exists. In July 1999, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS
No. 137, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--Deferral
of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133." SFAS No. 137 deferred the
effective date of FASB Statement No. 133 until fiscal years beginning after
June 15, 2000. The Company has not engaged in significant hedging activities or
invested in significant derivative instruments.
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued
Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 101, Revenue Recognition, which provides
guidance on the recognition, presentation and disclosure on revenue in financial
statements filed with the SEC. SAB 101 outlines the basic criteria that must be
met to recognize revenue and provides guidance for disclosure related to revenue
recognition policies. The Company believes that its current revenue recognition
policy is in compliance with SAB 101.
In March 2000, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 44, "Accounting for
Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation--an Interpretation of APB 25"
("FIN 44"). This interpretation clarifies (a) the definition of employee for
purposes of applying APB 25, (b) the criteria for determining whether a plan
qualifies as a noncompensatory plan, (c) the accounting consequences of various
modifications to the terms of a previously fixed stock option or award, and
(d) the accounting for an exchange of stock compensation awards in a business
combination. This Interpretation is effective July 1, 2000, but certain
conclusions in this Interpretation cover specific events that occur after either
December 15, 1998 or January 12, 2000. To the extent that this Interpretation
covers events occurring during the period after December 15, 1998 or
January 12, 2000, but before the effective date of July 1,
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2000, the effects of applying this Interpretation are recognized on a
prospective basis from July 1, 2000. The adoption of FIN 44 will not have a
material impact on our financial statements.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal
while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investments
without significantly increasing risk. Some of the securities that we invest in
may have market risk. That means that a change in prevailing interest rates may
cause the fair value of the principal amount of an investment to fluctuate. For
example, if we hold a security that was issued with a fixed interest rate at the
then-prevailing rate and the prevailing rate rises, the fair value of the
principal amount of our investment will probably decline. To minimize this risk
in the future, we intend to maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and
short-term investments in a variety of securities, including commercial paper,
money market funds, government and non-government debt securities. The average
duration of all of our investments has generally been less than one year. Due to
the short-term nature of these investments, we believe we have no material
exposure to interest rate risk arising from our investments.
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily
to the increase or decrease in the amount of interest income we can earn on our
available funds for investment. Our long-term debt and capital lease agreements
are at fixed interest rates. We do not plan to use derivative financial
instruments in our investment portfolio. We plan to ensure the safety and
preservation of our invested principal funds by limiting default risks, market
risk and reinvestment risk. We plan to mitigate default risk by investing in
high-credit quality securities.
All of our revenue is realized in U.S. dollars. Therefore, we do not believe
that we currently have any significant direct foreign currency exchange rate
risk.
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BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
We develop, manufacture and market our ProteinChip System using patented
SELDI technology. The ProteinChip System enables protein discovery,
characterization and assay development, which provides researchers with a better
understanding of biological functions at the protein level. Our ProteinChip
System is a novel, enabling tool in the emerging field of protein-based biology
research, known as proteomics. While recent technological advances in DNA tools
have substantially changed the field of genomics, the absence of enabling
protein analysis tools has limited progress in proteomics research. Proteomics
provides the researcher with a direct approach to understanding the role of
proteins in the biology of disease, and to monitor disease progression and the
therapeutic effects of drugs. We believe proteomics will be a major focus of
biological research by enhancing the researcher's understanding of gene function
and the molecular basis of disease. In May 1999, we commercially launched our
current ProteinChip System, Series PBS II.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
Genes are the hereditary coding system of living organisms. Genes encode
proteins that are responsible for cellular functions. The study of genes and
their functions has led to the discovery of new targets for drug development.
The majority of drug targets are proteins, such as receptors, hormones and
enzymes. Although genomics allows researchers to identify drug targets, it does
not provide complete information on how these targets function within an
organism. Industry sources estimate that within the human genome there are
approximately 100,000 genes. The initial structure of a protein is determined by
a single gene. The final structure of a protein is frequently altered by
interactions with additional genes or proteins. These subsequent modifications
result in hundreds of thousands of different proteins. In addition, proteins may
interact with one another to form complex structures that are ultimately
responsible for cellular functions.
Genomics allows researchers to establish the relationship between gene
activity and disease. However, many diseases are manifested not at the genetic
level, but at the protein level. The complete structure of modified proteins
cannot be determined by reference to the encoding gene alone. Thus, while
genomics provides some information about diseases, it does not provide a full
understanding of disease processes.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROTEINS AND DISEASES
The entire genetic content of any organism, known as its genome, is encoded
in strands of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. Cells perform their normal
biological functions through the genetic instructions encoded in their DNA,
which results in the production of proteins. The process of producing proteins
from DNA is known as gene expression or protein expression. Differences in
living organisms result from variability in their genomes, which can affect the
levels of gene expression. Each cell of the organism expresses only
approximately 10% to 20% of the genome. The type of cell determines which genes
are expressed and the amount of a particular protein produced. For example,
liver cells produce different proteins from those produced by cells found in the
heart, lungs, skin, etc. Proteins play a crucial role in virtually all
biological processes, including transportation and storage of energy, immune
protection, generation and transmission of nerve impulses and control of growth.
Diseases may be caused by a mutation of a gene that alters a protein, the
gene's level of protein expression or changes to the protein after gene
expression. These alterations interrupt the normal balance of proteins and
create disease symptoms. A protein biomarker is a protein that is present in a
greater or lesser amount in a disease state versus a normal condition. By
studying changes in protein biomarkers, researchers may identify diseases prior
to the appearance of physical symptoms. Researchers identify proteins by their
molecular weight. In addition, researchers can utilize protein
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biomarkers to identify new disease pathways to be used as drug targets.
Historically, researchers discovered protein biomarkers as a byproduct of basic
biological disease research. This has resulted in the validation by researchers
of approximately 200 protein biomarkers that are being used in commercially
available clinical diagnostic products. The development of new diagnostic
products has been limited by the complexity of disease states, which may be
caused or characterized by several or many interacting proteins. Diagnostic
products that are limited to the detection of a single protein may lack the
ability to detect more complex diseases, and thus produce results that are
unacceptable for practical use. Recently, the National Institutes of Health, or
NIH, has recognized the importance of protein biomarkers in overcoming this
problem and their usefulness in the development of new diagnostic and
therapeutic products. The NIH has established a grant program to fund the
discovery and clinical validation of new protein biomarkers.
LIMITATIONS OF AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROTEOMICS RESEARCH
Efforts to understand biology and to improve the diagnosis, monitoring and
treatment of diseases have been dramatically enhanced through advancements in
modern genomic technologies. These new technologies have formed the basis for
the development of new analytical tools, which are primarily directed at DNA and
genomic analysis, but are not applicable to protein research or proteomics.
These new tools have accelerated the ability to sequence and analyze the human
genome. Historically, researchers used gel electrophoresis as a primary tool for
sequencing DNA. Gel electrophoresis measures how far a DNA fragment migrates
through the pores of gels in response to an applied electric field over a fixed
time interval. Electrophoresis is a time-consuming, manual process that requires
large amounts of pure DNA to be useful. The development of polymerase chain
reaction, or PCR, allowed researchers to amplify, or produce multiple copies of
a fragment of DNA. Researchers could then enhance the signal of trace amounts of
DNA from an unprocessed biological sample, such as tissue or blood, to a level
where measurement was possible. Successive advances in technologies have
produced faster, automated sequencing machines and new, chip-based technologies.
These new technologies have dramatically improved the throughput and accuracy of
DNA analysis. In addition, these new technologies have reduced costs by
increasing automation and reducing necessary labor.
Although recent technological advances have benefited genomics, there have
been fewer significant advances in proteomics. While DNA has been relatively
simple to study because of its ease of detection and linear structure, protein
analysis has been a far more difficult challenge. The goal of proteomics is to
determine the structure and function of proteins. Researchers use techniques,
such as tagging, amplification and sequencing to analyze DNA, but researchers
cannot use these techniques effectively to study proteins. These techniques can
change the structure of proteins and may change their characteristics or
function, which would limit researchers' ability to identify and analyze
samples. In addition, these techniques do not allow researchers to monitor or
study how proteins interact, or to identify which proteins interact together, to
perform biological functions.
Currently, researchers perform proteomics research using gel electrophoresis
and other protein purification and analysis products. These tools require
substantial, labor-intensive sample preparation processes to enable researchers
to produce enough purified proteins before identification and analysis can
occur. In addition, these tools must be operated by researchers with substantial
technical expertise. As a result, proteomics research has not advanced at a rate
comparable to that of genomics. New tools are needed that are specifically
designed to allow researchers to analyze proteins to enable protein biomarker
discovery, to fully understand biological pathways and function, and ultimately
to accelerate the discovery of new drugs and clinical diagnostics.
THE CIPHERGEN SOLUTION
We develop, manufacture and market our ProteinChip System using patented
SELDI technology. The ProteinChip System enables protein biomarker discovery,
characterization and assay development.
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Our ProteinChip System integrates the key steps of proteomics research on a
single, miniaturized biochip. Our ProteinChip System incorporates patented
Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization, or SELDI, technology on the
surface of a disposable chip, which allows researchers to capture and analyze
proteins directly. Our ProteinChip System enables rapid, reproducible, on-chip
protein expression and protein analysis from complex biological samples, such as
whole blood, tissue or saliva, without separation, tagging and amplification
processes and with minimal prior purification. SELDI enables protein detection
and quantification by reducing signals from unwanted biomolecules that would
otherwise obscure the measurement results.
We believe our ProteinChip System enables researchers to identify and
quantify proteins by direct molecular weight detection and measurement.
Researchers can add chemicals or enzymes at any step during the process to
greatly enhance the detailed knowledge gained from a set of experiments. We
believe the integration of these processes enables a researcher to rapidly
discover, characterize and assay proteins directly from biological samples,
providing a novel technique for protein discovery and analysis compared to
currently available methods. We believe our ProteinChip System can enable
protein research in the following areas:
- DIFFERENTIAL PROTEIN EXPRESSION. Our ProteinChip System is designed to
enable biology researchers to rapidly discover and validate new protein
biomarkers. In addition, our ProteinChip System enables scientists to tie
genetic message information derived from DNA biochips, or miniaturized
chips containing DNA, to protein information in order to better define
protein function. Expression studies and protein discovery that previously
were impossible to conduct or took months or years can be performed on our
ProteinChip System in days or even hours. Researchers can use differential
protein expressions to diagnose and monitor diseases.
- PROTEIN CHARACTERIZATION. Our ProteinChip System enables researchers to
identify small quantities of proteins from biological samples by reducing
or eliminating the need for labor-intensive sample purification. Biology
researchers can purify samples in hours versus the days or weeks required
with current methods. Researchers can then obtain the precise protein
sequence using our ProteinChip System through on-chip peptide mapping and
conventional database sequencing comparison methods. Also, enzymatic,
chemical or antibody-based assays can be used by researchers to rapidly
characterize modifications to proteins that occurred after they were
produced. Researchers can identify proteins and their originating genes
through protein characterization.
- QUANTITATIVE ASSAY OF PROTEINS AND PROTEIN INTERACTIONS. We believe our
ProteinChip System will enable biology researchers to quantitatively
analyze proteins and protein interactions within a sample. We believe this
will speed functional validation of discovered biomarkers by allowing
researchers to perform rapid functional assay development and analysis of
hundreds or thousands of samples for clinical diagnostic or drug discovery
research use. Currently, researchers take many weeks or months to
accomplish this process using conventional technologies. Our ProteinChip
technology can reduce this process to days or even hours. Researchers can
use quantitative assays to determine with greater accuracy the severity or
stage of progression of a disease.
OUR MARKET OPPORTUNITY
There are several types of research laboratories that perform proteomics
research and development. We believe our ProteinChip System can enable
proteomics research in the following markets:
- BASIC BIOLOGY RESEARCH. Basic biology research laboratories focus on the
study of general biological processes and the understanding of the
molecular basis of disease. There are over 320,000 scientists from
academic and government research institutions pursuing this research
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worldwide. Most of the techniques used by researchers in basic biology
research to study proteins are labor intensive or have limited analytical
capabilities. We believe that the ease of use and problem-solving
versatility of our ProteinChip System may enable biologists to perform
proteomics research at their workstations in the laboratory.
- CLINICAL RESEARCH AND DIAGNOSTICS. Clinical research is focused on
associating clinical disease symptoms to changes in certain proteins in
the disease state versus in the normal state. In doing so, researchers
seek to identify biomarkers, many of which are proteins, that can be used
to diagnose diseases early, assess treatment response and monitor
treatment progress. Currently, physicians pursuing clinical research lack
a flexible, integrated, standardized tool to perform protein biomarker
discovery. We believe that our ProteinChip System may enable researchers
to rapidly discover protein biomarkers and to develop these biomarkers
into clinical diagnostic tests.
- PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. A current bottleneck in drug
development is secondary screening, during which drug lead candidates are
validated by researchers using complex biological assays in which markers
are used to assess biological responses to varying compounds, dose levels
and conditions. Current assay systems often have poor specificity, are
usually labor intensive and require substantial development time. In
addition, over 50% of drug development failures now occur in toxicology,
or the study of the negative or harmful effects of a drug, in which the
availability of useful data is hampered by similar issues. We believe a
lack of protein biomarkers currently limits the ability of researchers to
adequately evaluate drug target function, cell pathway analysis and
toxicological and therapeutic effects throughout the drug development
process. We believe our ProteinChip System can substantially improve
preclinical development and clinical trial effectiveness by greatly
expanding the use of protein biomarkers.
BUSINESS STRATEGY
We intend to establish our ProteinChip System as the enabling technology
platform for protein biomarker discovery and proteomics research in the basic
biological research, clinical research and diagnostics, and pharmaceutical drug
discovery and development markets. Key elements of our strategy are to:
- ACCELERATE AWARENESS AND ACCEPTANCE OF OUR PROTEINCHIP SYSTEM. We intend
to focus on expanding the installed base of our ProteinChip System with
leading academic, government, pharmaceutical and clinical research
laboratories to promote awareness and acceptance of our technology. In
addition, we will support the use of our ProteinChip System through
customer education and training as well as customer collaborations to
increase the applications and use of our ProteinChip Arrays. Further, we
intend to pursue commercialization of our products through our own sales
and marketing organizations in the United States and Europe and through
distributors in other parts of the world, including through our joint
venture with Sumitomo Corporation in Japan.
- EXPAND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION. We intend to expand the scope
of our product portfolio by continuously developing new products and
applications based on our ProteinChip technology. We believe that by
expanding the applications of our technology and products and increasing
their functionality we will promote the use and acceptance of our
ProteinChip System by biology researchers. The ProteinChip products we are
currently attempting to develop include next generation products to
further automate the protein analysis process, high performance proteomics
systems and more compact versions of our proteomics systems that can be
used by researchers in the laboratory.
- ESTABLISH BIOMARKER DISCOVERY CENTERS. We intend to establish Biomarker
Discovery Centers directly and through partnerships to foster further
adoption of our products and technology as
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an industry standard. We believe that our Biomarker Discovery Centers may
accelerate biomarker discovery and validation in both pharmaceutical drug
discovery, toxicology and clinical trials, and in clinical research
laboratories. We plan to deploy the prototypes of our next-generation
ProteinChip System to maintain a technological advantage in our Biomarker
Discovery Centers. In addition, we intend to obtain commercial rights
related to biomarkers discovered in our Biomarker Discovery Centers.
- EXPAND OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PORTFOLIO. We include many issued,
allowed and pending patents on the SELDI technology and the ProteinChip
System in our current patent portfolio and we intend to expand this
portfolio in several areas of technology related to our business,
including applications of SELDI technology and biomarker discoveries. We
intend to continue to develop our proprietary technologies and proprietary
infrastructure in support of our existing SELDI technology and ProteinChip
System. In addition, we intend to develop new surface chemistries for our
ProteinChip Arrays, enhancements to our ProteinChip Readers and
advancements in our analysis and database ProteinChip Software, in order
to broaden the range of applications and opportunities that researchers
can address. We intend to continue to license and acquire technologies
from others that complement our core capabilities and protect our
proprietary technologies with patents and trade secrets.
OUR PROTEINCHIP TECHNOLOGY
Our ProteinChip technology is based on Surface-Enhanced Laser
Desorption/Ionization, or SELDI, which combines laser-based molecular weight
detection with the use of a chemically or biochemically active chip array
surface constructed from proprietary-treated plastic or metal. Our ProteinChip
technology enables researchers to apply a crude biological sample, such as whole
blood or tissue, directly to the surface of a ProteinChip Array. These
ProteinChip Arrays are designed to select desired proteins from the sample
through affinity capture, which employs chemical processes or biochemical
targets such as receptors, antibodies or DNA probes. Researchers then wash away
the remainder of the unused sample with a variety of solutions with varying
stringency conditions, depending on the type of test performed. This enhances
the signal of the proteins of interest on the chip by reducing signals from
unwanted biomolecules that would otherwise obscure the measurement results. The
purified sample proteins remain evenly distributed on the surface of the
ProteinChip Array. This even distribution allows the researcher to accurately
measure and quantify the proteins.
The researcher then places the ProteinChip Array in a specially developed
laser-based, molecular weight detection analyzer, or ProteinChip Reader. The
ProteinChip Reader uses a laser beam to release the retained proteins from the
ProteinChip Array surface. The ProteinChip Reader accelerates the retained
proteins and guides them through a flight tube under vacuum to a detector. The
time of this flight is directly related to the exact molecular weight of each
protein. This process allows the molecular weight of a sample protein to be
determined by the researcher.
The researcher generates protein expression profiles by examining the
samples collected with different affinity-based ProteinChips or different
stringency washes and collecting the information under the different conditions.
Using our ProteinChip System, researchers can compare protein expression
profiles from different samples, such as disease versus normal states and
display differences in the proteins expressed. Proteins that are differently
expressed in the disease versus normal state may be new, potentially relevant
proteins biomarkers. Researchers can then process proteins of interest on-chip
to:
- obtain sequence identification;
- detect secondary modifications of proteins;
- identify protein interactions; and
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- quantitatively measure protein concentrations.
OUR PROTEINCHIP SYSTEM
In May 1999, we commercially launched our current ProteinChip System, Series
PBS II. Our ProteinChip System, Series PBS II, consists of disposable
ProteinChip Arrays containing chemical or biochemical binding sites on a chip, a
ProteinChip Reader to read the ProteinChip Arrays and our proprietary
ProteinChip Software to analyze and manage protein-based information.
Our PROTEINCHIP ARRAYS are typically used by researchers for protein
expression profiling, characterization and quantitative protein interaction
applications. Our ProteinChip Arrays consist of a metal surface with multiple
sample wells, or spots. We treat these spots with our proprietary coatings that
are designed to capture certain families of proteins. We can apply single
coatings to several spots or we can simply apply multiple types of coatings to
spots on one ProteinChip Array to create a variety of selectivity conditions. We
offer two types of ProteinChip Arrays: one uses chemical surfaces to perform
differential protein expression, and the other uses biochemical surfaces used in
protein interaction studies. Researchers use both types of ProteinChip Arrays to
perform protein identification and characterization. We recently introduced our
second-generation chemical ProteinChip Arrays, which utilize our proprietary
polymer technology that improves both the selectivity, sensitivity and capacity
of our ProteinChip Arrays.
Our PROTEINCHIP READER is a laser-based, molecular weight detection system
designed for use with our ProteinChip Arrays. We designed our ProteinChip Reader
to be used in the laboratory by basic biology researchers. Our ProteinChip
Reader consists of a nitrogen laser, high-speed digital electronics, a vacuum
system and a standard personal computer with our proprietary ProteinChip
Software for system control and data analysis.
Our PROTEINCHIP SOFTWARE is designed to facilitate system operation by
biology researchers with no experience in molecular detection systems and
minimal experience in protein analysis. The software allows fully automated
operation of the ProteinChip System with graphic data presentation and analysis
readouts in familiar formats for the biologist, such as those displayed by gel
electrophoresis systems. Our ProteinChip Software enables differential protein
expression analysis by automatically comparing protein profiles and highlighting
differences in protein expression. Our ProteinChip Software provides researchers
with Internet access for rapid database searches, which facilitates protein
identification. Furthermore, our ProteinChip Software allows researchers to
perform quantitative protein interaction assays.
BIOMARKER DISCOVERY CENTERS
We intend to establish Biomarker Discovery Centers, directly and through
partnerships and client relationships, to foster further adoption of our
products and technology as an industry standard. We intend to discover and
characterize new protein biomarkers from biological samples provided by our
future collaborators. We believe that our Biomarker Discovery Centers may
accelerate biomarker discovery and validation in pharmaceutical drug discovery,
toxicology and clinical trials, and in clinical research laboratories. We intend
to deploy the prototypes of each next-generation ProteinChip System and other
specialized equipment and software to maintain a technological advantage in our
Biomarker Discovery Centers. In addition, we intend to obtain commercial rights
related to biomarkers discovered in our Biomarker Discovery Centers. We have
entered into several formal Biomarker Discovery Center partnerships.
We have leased facilities for our Biomarker Discovery Centers in Copenhagen,
Denmark and Fremont, California, as part of our new headquarters facility. We
have hired initial managerial and scientific staff for these facilities and have
begun to build infrastructure necessary to begin operations
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during 2000. We recently began operations at one center and plan to add
additional Biomarker Discovery Centers in the U.S., Europe and Asia.
SALES AND MARKETING
We have developed a direct sales force worldwide. Our sales process involves
on-site applications problem-solving, scientific publications, product
demonstrations, seminars, exhibits, conventions and meetings, word of mouth,
direct mail and the Internet. We have designed our sales process to increase
market awareness of our ProteinChip System and promote acceptance of our
technology as an industry standard. We initiated our first full commercial
launch of the ProteinChip System, Series PBS II, in May 1999. This launch
included over 30 exhibitions and trade shows, direct mailings and an expanded
demonstration sales program throughout the United States, Japan and selected
countries in Europe.
Our sales force includes field research scientists, most of whom have Ph.D.
degrees in biology or biochemistry. The primary responsibility of the field
research scientist is to provide solutions to biological problems for our
current and future sale prospects through applications development, scientific
seminars, joint scientific publications with customers and product
demonstrations. In addition, the field research scientists also serve as our
primary field representatives for after-sales customer service and technical
support. We currently have 15 field research scientists in the United States,
ten in Europe and four employed by our joint venture in Japan.
We formed Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K. in Japan in January 1999, as a joint
venture with Sumitomo Corporation to distribute our products in Japan. Sumitomo
has a majority ownership in the joint venture, with transfer of majority
ownership to us to be accomplished, at our option, on a pre-determined formula
basis as early as the first quarter of 2002. The joint venture currently has
eleven employees, consisting of four field research scientists, two program
managers and five administrative and support personnel. The joint venture
agreement is for ten years from January 1999. We invested $315,000 for 30% of
Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K. In March 1999, we signed a distribution and marketing
agreement granting Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K. the exclusive right to distribute
our products in Japan for ten years, and we were paid $315,000 by Ciphergen
Biosystems, K.K.
Our sales and marketing organization as of July 31, 2000, including
Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K., consisted of 51 employees, 23 of whom have Ph.D.
degrees. We intend to significantly increase the size of our organization over
the next 12 months, expanding in North America, Europe and Asia.
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EXISTING CUSTOMERS
The following is a list of our customers:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ACADEMIC AND GOVERNMENT
Abbott Laboratories British Columbia Cancer Agency
Abgenix, Inc. Carnegie Institute of Washington
Alkermes, Inc. Brigham and Women's Hospital
Amgen, Inc. Dana Farber Cancer Center
Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Duke Medical School
Antex Biologics, Inc. Harvard School of Public Health
AstraZeneca plc Imperial College Prion Unit
BASF Aktiengeseuschaft John Innes Institute
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG Johns Hopkins Medical School
Cambridge Antibody Technology Group plc Lawrence Livermore Laboratories
Cantab Pharmaceuticals plc Massachusetts General Hospital
Creative Biomolecules, Inc. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Elan Pharmaceuticals Research Corp. MD Anderson Cancer Center
GeminX Biotechnologies, Inc. Medical Research Council (Cambridge)
Genome Therapeutics Corp. National Cancer Institute, National
GlaxoWellcome plc Institutes
Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical of Health
Human Genome Sciences, Inc. Riken Brain Science Institute
Janssen Pharmaceutica NV Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine
Matritech, Inc. St. Mary's Hospital Medical School
MediGene Stanford University
Merck & Co., Inc. Tulane University Medical Center
Mice & More GmbH & Co. KG University of British Columbia
Novartis Pharmaceuticals AG University of California Los Angeles
Novo Nordisk A/S (Zymogenetics) University of California, San Francisco
Parke Davis & Co. Cancer Center
Pfizer Pharmaceuticals University of Durham
Rhone Poulenc Rorer, Inc. University of East Anglia
Roche Vitamins, Inc. University of Maryland
Schering Plough Corp. University of Massachusetts
SmithKline Beecham plc University of Notre Dame
Syn-X-Pharma U.S. Army, Medical Research Institute
Tanabe Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Veterans Administration Hospital, Loma Linda
VistaGen, Inc. Virginia Prostate Center
Yamanouchi Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Wright State University
Zeneca Agrochemicals
</TABLE>
Hisamitsu Pharmaceuticals, Riken Brain Science Institute, Tanabe
Pharmaceuticals and Yamanouchi Pharmaceuticals are customers of our Japanese
distributor, Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K. In 1999, Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K.
accounted for 11% of our revenue. During the first half of 2000 Ciphergen
Biosystems, K.K. accounted for 14% of our revenue.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Our ProteinChip System is a single technology platform, which we believe can
be easily optimized for use in multiple markets. This flexibility allows us to
rapidly introduce new applications and products from one field to other fields.
Our research and development expenditures were $2.9 million in the first
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half of 2000, $3.1 million in 1999, $4.7 million in 1998 and $3.2 million in
1997. The total expenditures for 1997 and 1998 included expenses for stock
issued related to research and development services performed by a key employee
pursuant to a contingent performance agreement as part of the acquisitions of
IllumeSys Pacific, Inc. and Ciphergen Technologies, Inc.
We have ongoing technology development programs in our ProteinChip Arrays,
materials, surface chemistries, high-density biochip formats and manufacturing
processes. In applied research, we are developing new applications in
differential protein expression, quantitative protein interaction assays and
protein characterization.
Our research and development efforts related to our ProteinChip Readers,
includes research in the automation of sample introduction, high-sensitivity
detection, improvement in system resolution and quantitation. In addition, we
are developing new SELDI-based accessories for high resolution, tandem mass
spectrometry, whose capabilities will further enhance our ProteinChip System.
MANUFACTURING
We manufacture our ProteinChip Readers and Arrays in our Fremont, California
facilities. We rely upon suppliers for certain components of our ProteinChip
System, including Stanford Research Systems, which also performs specified
design services for certain components of our ProteinChip Reader. We perform
final assembly and quality control on our ProteinChip Reader at our facilities.
We purchase extruded aluminum for our ProteinChip Arrays from a third-party
supplier. External vendors etch and base coat our ProteinChip Arrays. We apply
all chemistries to the ProteinChip Arrays and perform final quality control at
our facilities. We intend to continue and may extend the subcontracting portions
of our manufacturing processes when we think it best leverages the suppliers'
manufacturing experience, reduces costs or improves our ability to meet customer
demand.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
As of July 31, 2000, we owned, co-owned or licensed a patent portfolio of
five issued U.S. patents and 16 pending U.S. patent applications, two allowed
U.S. patent applications as well as seven issued foreign patents, 47 pending
foreign patent applications and one international patent application filed under
the Patent Cooperation Treaty. This portfolio of patent properties includes four
issued U.S. patents, five pending U.S. patent applications, one allowed U.S.
patent application, two issued foreign patents and three pending foreign patent
applications directed to the core SELDI technology. We licensed these patents
and patent applications in the fields in which our business operates for
laboratories and laboratory environments doing bioanalytic or biological
measurements or assays from Molecular Analytical Systems, or MAS, which has an
exclusive license on the properties from the original assignee, Baylor College
of Medicine. Our rights under these sublicenses are set forth in agreements
between MAS and our subsidiaries, IllumeSys Pacific, Inc. and Ciphergen
Technologies, Inc.
These sublicense agreements with MAS provide us with the exclusive right
under the Baylor patents to make, use and sell instruments, devices and non-drug
consumables for use by customers in the life science laboratory and drug
discovery laboratory markets worldwide. The terms of the sublicenses are the
life of the Baylor patents in each country where we do business or, if no
patents issue in a particular country, April 2013. We may terminate each
sublicense with six months notice and MAS may terminate each sublicense in the
event of our bankruptcy or in the event of an uncured material breach following
90 days notice of such breach. For each sublicense we are obligated to pay a
royalty equal to 2% of revenues we generate related to the sublicense for four
years from the date of first commercial sale, with an annual maximum royalty
payment of $500,000 for each of the two sublicenses. On the IllumeSys Pacific
sublicense, the date of first commercial sale was April 1997. The date of first
commercial sale for the Ciphergen Technologies, Inc. sublicense has not yet
occurred. We have the right to any improvements we make to the SELDI technology
and we have filed 12 patent
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applications on such improvements to date. In June 2000, we received letters
from MAS alleging that we have committed material breaches of the sublicense
agreements. The sublicense agreements provide for termination in the event of
material breach, if not cured within 90 days, and MAS has threatened to
terminate the agreements unless the alleged breaches are cured. We believe that
we have not committed a material breach of the sublicense agreements, and in
July 2000, we commenced litigation to confirm our position, which litigation is
more fully described in the Risk Factors and Legal Proceedings sections of this
prospectus.
Our portfolio also includes nine pending U.S. patent applications, one
allowed U.S. patent application, 37 pending foreign patent applications and one
international patent application filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty
directed to applications of SELDI technology for research, diagnostics and drug
screening, as well as to mass spectrometer instrumentation, software and chip
arrays. These properties are assigned or are expected to be assigned to us. Our
portfolio also includes one issued U.S. patent, one pending U.S. patent
application, one issued foreign patent and eight pending foreign patent
applications directed to methods of determining the amino acid sequence of
polypeptides. We licensed these properties from Rockefeller University and
Scripps Research Institute. Our portfolio also includes four issued foreign
patents directed to devices for and methods in mass spectrometry. We licensed
these properties from Rockefeller University. Our portfolio also includes one
pending U.S. patent application directed to methods of screening phage display
libraries. We co-own this application with IntraImmune Therapies, Inc. through
assignments from the inventors. Some of the inventions covered by our licenses
were developed under a grant from an agency of the United States government and,
therefore the government has a paid-up, non-exclusive, non-transferable license
to those inventions and the right, in limited circumstances, to grant a license
to others on reasonable terms. Our business could be harmed if the government
exercises those rights. We also rely on trade secrets, know-how, continuing
technological development and licensing opportunities to develop and maintain a
competitive position in the market.
We have applied for a United States trademark on the term "SELDI." MAS has
opposed our application, as more fully described under "Legal Proceedings" and
"Risk Factors."
COMPETITION
Although we believe that we are currently the only company selling and
delivering products with an integrated separations and molecular weight
detection biochip platform for proteomics research, we expect to encounter
intense competition from a number of companies that offer competing products. We
anticipate that competition will come primarily from companies providing
products that incorporate established technologies, such as gel electrophoresis,
liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
In order to compete effectively, we will need to demonstrate the advantages
of our ProteinChip System over well-established alternative technologies and
products. We will also need to demonstrate the potential economic value of our
ProteinChip products relative to these conventional technologies and products.
Some of the companies that provide these products include the Applied Biosystems
division of PE Biosystems, Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, BioRad Laboratories,
Bruker Daltonics, Boehringer-Manheim, Genomic Solutions, ThermoQuest Corporation
and several smaller reagent and equipment companies. Our future success will
depend in large part on our ability to establish and maintain a competitive
position with respect to these and future technologies.
We offer proteomics services through our Biomarker Discovery Centers. Our
Biomarker Discovery Centers may compete with companies in the proteomics
services area. We expect an increasing number of companies to provide proteomics
services in the future.
In many instances, our competitors have or will have substantially greater
financial, technical, research, and other resources and larger, more established
marketing, sales, distribution, and service organizations than we do. Moreover,
competitors may have greater name recognition than we do, and
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may offer discounts as a competitive tactic. Our competitors may succeed in
developing or marketing technologies or products that are more effective or
commercially attractive than our products, or that would render our technologies
and products obsolete. Also, we may not have the financial resources, technical
expertise or marketing, distribution or support capabilities to compete
successfully in the future. Our success will depend in large part on our ability
to maintain a competitive position with respect to our technologies.
EMPLOYEES
As of July 31, 2000, we had 95 full-time employees worldwide, including 40
in sales and marketing, 27 in research and development, 16 in manufacturing and
12 in administration. Thirty-eight of our employees have Ph.D. degrees in
chemistry, biology or biochemistry and many are experts in software and
engineering. We have also engaged an additional 15 individuals as independent
contractors. Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K. in Japan employs 11 people. None of our
employees is covered by a collective bargaining agreement and we believe that
our relations with our employees are good.
FACILITIES
We currently lease a 30,000 square foot facility in Fremont, California. The
lease for this facility expires in March 2008.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We currently are a party to the following legal proceedings:
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC., CIPHERGEN TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND ILLUMESYS
PACIFIC, INC. V. MOLECULAR ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS, INC., LUMICYTE, INC. We
instituted the proceeding against Molecular Analytical Systems, Inc. and
LumiCyte, Inc., or the Defendants, on July 12, 2000 in the Superior Court of the
State of California for the County of Santa Clara, case number CV791094. On
July 21, 2000, Defendants removed the proceeding to the United States District
Court for the Northern District of California, Case number C00-02628. On
August 16, 2000, the federal court remanded the action to state court. Defendant
Molecular Analytical Systems, Inc., or MAS, accused us of a material breach of
certain Technology Transfer Agreements between MAS and us relating to SELDI
technology, and threatened to terminate those agreements unless we cure the
alleged breach. In particular, MAS has claimed that our business activities,
including our continued marketing and sale of SELDI information and services to
research laboratories and other customers, are a material breach of the
technology transfer agreements. In the pending action, we are seeking a
declaration from the court that our activities do not constitute a material
breach, an injunction preventing MAS from terminating the licenses provided by
the agreements and other relief. MAS has agreed to suspend its notices
purporting to terminate the license agreements pending the conclusion of this
litigation. The parties have also agreed to a 60 day stay of the litigation that
will expire no sooner than October 23, 2000, during which the parties have
agreed to attempt to resolve their differences.
MOLECULAR ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS, INC. V. CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS. Molecular
Analytical Systems, Inc. filed the proceeding on December 9, 1999 in the United
States Trademark Trial and Appeal Board as Opposition No. 116,315. We have
applied for registration of the term "SELDI" as a trademark. MAS has opposed
registration of the trademark to us and is seeking to have the trademark
registered in its name instead.
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MANAGEMENT
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, KEY EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive
officers, key employees and directors as of September , 2000:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION
---- -------------------- -----------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
William E. Rich, Ph.D..................... 56 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Matthew J. Hogan.......................... 40 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
David A. DeNola........................... 50 Vice President, Operations
Robert M. Maurer.......................... 48 Vice President, Business Development
Christopher A. Pohl....................... 49 Vice President, Research and Development
John R. Storella.......................... 45 Vice President, Intellectual Property Affairs
Martin L. Verhoef......................... 40 Vice President, Sales and Marketing
John A. Young............................. 68 Chairman of the Board of Directors
Michael J. Callaghan...................... 47 Director
Barbara J. Dalton, Ph.D................... 47 Director
Jean-Francois Formela, M.D................ 43 Director
William R. Green, Ph.D.................... 50 Director
James L. Rathmann......................... 48 Director
Daniel Vapnek, Ph.D....................... 61 Director
</TABLE>
WILLIAM E. RICH, PH.D., joined us in September 1994 as our President and
Chief Executive Officer and as a director. Prior to joining us, Dr. Rich was
Senior Vice President of Sepracor, Inc. from 1991 to 1994, and President of
BioSepra, which was spun off by Sepracor. Prior to joining Sepracor, he was
Senior Vice President of Dionex Corporation and from 1975 to 1990, he had
responsibility for both the Marketing and Sales and Research and Development
departments at various times during his tenure there. Dr. Rich received a B.S.
in Chemistry from Carson Newman College and a Ph.D. in Chemistry from the
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and conducted post-doctoral research
in biochemistry at Duke University.
MATTHEW J. HOGAN joined us in September 2000 as our Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer. Prior to joining us, he was the Chief Financial Officer at
Avocet Medical, Inc. starting in June 1999. From 1996 to 1999, Mr. Hogan was the
Chief Financial Officer at Microcide Pharmaceuticals, Inc. From 1986 to 1996, he
held various positions in the investment banking group at Merrill Lynch & Co.,
most recently as a Director focusing on the biotechnology and pharmaceutical
sectors. Mr. Hogan holds a B.A. in Economics from Dartmouth College and an
M.B.A. from the Amos Tuck School of Business Administration.
DAVID A. DENOLA joined us in January 2000 as Vice President, Operations.
Prior to joining us, he was Chief Operating Officer of Gamida-Cell, a cell
therapy company, from March 1999 to January 2000. From September 1997 to
March 1999, he was Vice President and Deputy General Manager of CBD
Technologies, an agricultural biotechnology company. From August 1994 to
August 1997, he held positions of Director of Operations, Business Development
Manager and Chief Operating Officer at Diagenetics, Ltd., a molecular biology
based diagnostics company. From 1992 to 1993, he served as Director of
Operations at Tago Immunologicals, a division of Biosource International, an
antibody company. From 1991 to 1992, he was Manager of Contract Manufacturing at
Somatix Therapy, a gene therapy company. Mr. DeNola received a B.A. in Genetics
from the University of California, Berkeley, and a post-graduate degree in
Business from the Technion College in Israel.
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ROBERT M. MAURER joined us in June 1999 on a consulting basis and became a
full time employee as Vice President, Business Development in February 2000.
Prior to joining us, he was an independent consultant in biomedical business
development, technology licensing and corporate strategy from March 1999 to
February 2000. Prior to that he served as Vice President of Business Development
at Avigen Corporation, a gene delivery system company, from November 1996 to
February 1999. From June to October 1996, he was an independent consultant. From
November 1995 to June 1996, he was Vice President of Strategic Marketing at
Promega Corporation, a life sciences company. From May 1995 to October 1995, he
was an independent consultant. From February 1992 to April 1995, he was Chief
Operating Officer, Secretary and Treasurer of Molecular Geriatrics Corporation,
an Alzheimer's Disease research company. From 1974 to February 1992 he held
various sales and general management positions in the diagnostics division of
Abbott Laboratories. He received a B.A. degree in Economics and Mathematics from
Carleton College and an M.B.A. from the Harvard Graduate School of Business.
CHRISTOPHER A. POHL joined us in March 2000 as Vice President, Research and
Development. Prior to joining us, he was Vice President of Dionex Corporation
responsible for chemistry research and development and chemical products
manufacturing. He joined Dionex in the early 1980's and has held various senior
management positions in research and development. He holds 19 U.S. patents in a
broad range of separations areas including chromotography, electrophoresis and
solid phase extractions. He received a B.S. in Chemistry from the University of
Washington.
JOHN R. STORELLA joined us in April 2000 as Vice President, Intellectual
Property Affairs. Prior to joining us, he was a Partner from January 1999 to
April 2000, and an Associate Attorney from October 1994 to December 1998, at
Townsend and Townsend and Crew, LLP, a law firm specializing in intellectual
property. Prior to that he was an Associate Attorney at Campbell and Flores,
where he specialized in biotechnology patent law from April 1993 to September
1994. From 1988 to 1993, he was an Associate Attorney specializing in patent law
at Fish & Neave. He received a B.A. degree in Biology from Dartmouth College, an
M.A. in Zoology from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and a J.D. from
the University of Virginia School of Law.
MARTIN L. VERHOEF joined us in April 2000 as Vice President, Sales and
Marketing. Prior to joining us, he was with Hewlett-Packard Company/Agilent
Technologies, Inc. from 1990 to April 2000. He was Marketing Manager, Bioscience
Products from March 1999 to April 2000, System Program Manager, Bioscience
Products from September 1997 to February 1999, and Marketing Section Manager,
Bioscience Products from June 1996 to August 1997. Prior to that he was Product
Marketing Manager, Capillary Electrophoresis and Liquid Chromatography from 1990
to 1996, at Hewlett-Packard GmbH, in Waldbronn, Germany. From 1989 to 1990, he
was Product Manager, Process Chromatography at Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology AB in
Sweden. He received a B.S. degree in Medical Microbiology and Biochemistry from
the Van't Hoff Institute in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
JOHN A. YOUNG has been one of our directors since our inception and became
our Chairman in 1995. Mr. Young was President and Chief Executive Officer of
Hewlett-Packard Company from 1977 until his retirement in 1992. He serves as a
director of other public life science companies, including SmithKline Beecham
plc and Affymetrix Incorporated, and also serves as a director of Wells Fargo &
Co., Chevron Corporation, Novell Incorporated, and Lucent Technologies Inc. He
received a B.S.E.E. from Oregon State University and an M.B.A. from the Stanford
Graduate School of Business.
MICHAEL J. CALLAGHAN is Senior Vice President of MDS Capital Corporation and
became one of our directors in 1998. Prior to joining MDS Capital in 1992, he
was active in several general management positions. Mr. Callaghan began his
career with Ernst & Young where he became a Chartered Accountant. He serves as a
director of Systems Xcellence, Inc., a public company, and the following private
companies: Apollo Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Mitokor, Inc. and Redwood
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<PAGE>
Microsystems, Inc. He received a B. Comm from McGill University and an M.B.A.
from York University.
BARBARA J. DALTON, PH.D. is a Vice President of S.R. One, Ltd. and became
one of our directors in 1999. Prior to joining S.R. One in 1993, Dr. Dalton
served for ten years as a research scientist at SmithKline Beecham. She was
formerly a director of Genset, S.A., a public company and currently serves as a
director of several private companies, including Gryphon Sciences, Molecular
Mining Corporation, Physiome Sciences, Inc. and TerraGen Discovery, Inc. She
received a B.S. in Biology from Pennsylvania State University and a Ph.D. in
Microbiology and Immunology from the Medical College of Pennsylvania.
JEAN-FRANCOIS FORMELA, M.D. is a General Partner of Atlas Venture and became
one of our directors in March 2000. Prior to joining Atlas Venture in 1993,
Dr. Formela was Senior Director, Medical Marketing and Scientific Affairs at
Schering-Plough in the U.S. He is also a director of the following public
companies: BioChem Pharma, deCode Genetics, Exelixis and Variagenics, as well as
several private companies. He holds an M.D. degree from Paris University School
of Medicine and an M.B.A. from Columbia Business School.
WILLIAM R. GREEN, PH.D. is President and Chief Executive Officer of Stanford
Research Systems, Inc., which he joined in 1984 and with which we have a
strategic partnership. He became one of our directors in 1995. He received a
B.S.E.E. degree from Cornell University and M.S.E.E. and Ph.D. degrees from
Stanford University. He also served as a post-doctoral fellow at the Ecole
Polytechnique in France.
JAMES L. RATHMANN has been President of Falcon Technology Management
Corporation and a general partner of Falcon Technology Partners, L. P. since its
founding in 1993. Mr. Rathmann has been one of our directors since our
inception. He also serves as a director of several private companies, including
Genomica Corporation and Array Biopharma Corporation. Prior to joining Falcon
Technology in 1993, he was Senior Vice President of Operations at
Soft-Switch, Inc. from 1984 to 1993. He received a B.A. in Mathematics from the
University of Colorado and an M.S. in Computer Science from the University of
Wisconsin.
DANIEL VAPNEK, PH.D. held senior research positions at Amgen, Inc., from
1981 to his retirement in 1996, serving the last 13 years as Senior Vice
President, Research. He has been one of our directors since our inception. Prior
to Amgen, Dr. Vapnek was a faculty member in the Department of Molecular and
Population Genetics at the University of Georgia from 1972 to 1981, becoming a
Professor in 1981. He holds B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Miami
in Florida.
BOARD COMPOSITION
Our board of directors is currently comprised of eight directors. Our
amended and restated bylaws authorize not fewer than five directors and not more
than nine directors. Our board of directors is divided into three classes, with
each director serving a three-year term and one class being elected at each
year's annual meeting of stockholders. Directors Dalton and Vapnek will be in
the class of directors whose initial term expires at the 2001 annual meeting of
stockholders. Directors Young, Green and Callaghan will be in the class of
directors whose initial term expires at the 2002 annual meeting of the
stockholders. Directors Formela, Rathmann and Rich will be in the class of
directors whose initial term expires at the 2003 annual meeting of stockholders.
BOARD COMMITTEES
Our board of directors has established an audit committee and a compensation
committee.
40
<PAGE>
AUDIT COMMITTEE
The audit committee is composed of Michael J. Callaghan, Daniel Vapnek,
William R. Green and Jean-Francois Formela. It is responsible for assuring the
integrity of our financial control, audit and reporting functions. It reviews
with our management and our independent accountants the effectiveness of our
financial controls, accounting and reporting practices and procedures. In
addition, the audit committee reviews the qualifications of our independent
accountants, makes recommendations to the board of directors regarding the
selection or our auditors, reviews the scope, fees and results of activities
related to audit and non-audit services. Prior to March 2000, the audit
committee responsibilities were conducted by the full board of directors, which
met annually with representatives of our independent accountants, including
executive sessions from which members of management were excused.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE
The compensation committee is chaired by James L. Rathmann, and has
Barbara J. Dalton and John A. Young as members. Its principal responsibility is
to administer our stock plans and to set the salary and incentive compensation,
including stock option grants, for the President and Chief Executive Officer.
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Our seven outside directors serve without cash compensation. In each of
August 2000, November 1999, September 1998 and September 1997, outside directors
or the institutions they represent were each awarded non-statutory options for
8,600 shares of our common stock, with each option granted vesting monthly over
12 months. In March 2000, John A. Young, the Chairman of our board, was granted
non-statutory options to acquire 86,000 shares, half vesting immediately and
half vesting monthly over 24 months.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
None of our executive officers serves as a member of the board of directors
or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more of its executive
officers serving as a member of our board of directors or compensation
committee.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation limits the liability
of directors to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law
provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for
monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except
liability for:
- breach of their duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders;
- acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct
or a knowing violation of law;
- unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or
redemptions; and
- any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal
benefit.
This limitation of liability does not apply to liabilities arising under the
federal or state securities laws and does not affect the availability of
equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. Our bylaws provide
that we will indemnify our directors, officers, employees and other agents to
the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law. We believe
that indemnification under our bylaws covers at least negligence and gross
negligence on the part of indemnified parties. Our bylaws also permit us to
secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other
41
<PAGE>
agent for any liability arising out of his or her actions in such capacity,
regardless of whether the bylaws would permit such indemnification.
We have obtained directors and officers' insurance providing indemnification
for all of our directors, officers and employees for certain liabilities. Prior
to closing of this offering we will enter into agreements to indemnify our
directors and executive officers in addition to the indemnification provided for
in our bylaws. These agreements, among other things, will indemnify our
directors and executive officers for expenses, including attorneys' fees,
judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any such person in any
action or proceeding, out of such person's services as a director, officer,
employee, agent or fiduciary of ours, any subsidiary of ours or any other
company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request. We
believe that these provisions and agreements are necessary to attract and retain
qualified persons as directors and executive officers. At present, there is no
litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors or officers in which
indemnification is required or permitted, and we are not aware of any threatened
litigation or proceeding that may result in a claim for indemnification.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table summarizes the compensation paid to or earned during the
year ended December 31, 1999, by our Chief Executive Officer and our other
mostly highly compensated executive officer whose total salary and bonus
exceeded $100,000 for services rendered to us in all capacities during 1999. The
executive officers listed in the table below are referred to as named executive
officers.
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
LONG-TERM
ANNUAL COMPENSATION COMPENSATION
---------------------- ----------------
SECURITIES
UNDERLYING
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITIONS SALARY ($) BONUS ($) OPTIONS (#)
---------------------------- ---------- --------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
William E. Rich, Ph.D.,
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director... 215,233 40,800 66,650
James H. Stanford,
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer(1)........ 176,191 24,302 --
</TABLE>
------------------------
(1) Mr. Stanford retired in June 2000.
OPTION GRANTS IN YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
The following table sets forth information concerning the individual grants
of stock options to each of the named executive officers during the fiscal year
ended December 31, 1999. The amounts listed in the following table under the
heading "Exercise Price" were valued by our board of directors on the date of
grant and were issued at estimated fair market value on the date of grant based
upon the offering price herein and the purchase price paid by investors for
shares of our preferred stock (taking
42
<PAGE>
into account the liquidation preferences and other rights, priviliges and
preferences associated with such preferred stock).
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INDIVIDUAL GRANTS(1) POTENTIAL REALIZABLE
---------------------------------------------------- VALUE AT ASSUMED
PERCENT OF ANNUAL RATES OF
NUMBER OF TOTAL OPTIONS STOCK PRICE
SECURITIES GRANTED TO APPRECIATION
UNDERLYING EMPLOYEES EXERCISE FOR OPTION TERM(2)
OPTIONS IN FISCAL PRICE EXPIRATION -------------------------
NAME GRANTED (#) YEAR (%) ($/SH) DATE 5% ($) 10% ($)
---- ------------ ------------- -------- ---------- -------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
William E. Rich, Ph.D...... 66,650 15 1.16 5/10/09 $854,651 $1,406,795
James H. Stanford.......... -- -- -- -- -- --
</TABLE>
------------------------
(1) All options were granted under our 1993 Stock Option Plan. Options granted
to employees under the plan generally vest over a five-year period in equal
monthly installments. Options granted to directors generally vest over
12 months. The board retains sole discretion to modify the terms, including
the price, of outstanding options. Dr. Rich holds eight stock option grants
totaling 905,150 shares. Options for 301,000 shares provide for simple five
year vesting on a monthly basis. Options for 21,500 shares provided for
immediate vesting upon grant. The other grants have a combination of five
year vesting on a monthly basis and the possibility of partial or complete
acceleration of vesting upon the occurrence of specified events.
(2) Amounts represent hypothetical gains that could be achieved for the
respective options if exercised at the end of the option term based on the
ten-year term of the option at the time of grant. These gains are based on
assumed rates of stock price appreciation of 5% and 10% compounded annually
from the date the respective options were granted to their expiration date
based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per share.
These assumptions are not intended to forecast future appreciation of our
stock price. The potential realizable value computation does not take into
account federal or state income tax consequences of option exercises or
sales of appreciated stock. The price to the public in this offering is
higher than the estimated fair market value on the date of grant. Therefore,
the potential realizable value of the option grants would be significantly
higher than the calculations shown above.
AGGREGATE OPTION EXERCISES IN 1999
AND 1999 YEAR-END OPTION VALUES
The following table provides summary information concerning stock options
granted under our 1993 Stock Option Plan during the year ended December 31,
1999, and exercised options subject to repurchase held as of December 31, 1999,
by each of the named executive officers. The exercise price for the options
granted in 1999 is $1.16 per share. Generally, these stock options are
immediately exercisable. We have the right to repurchase all unvested shares at
the original exercise price if the optionee's service terminates. Each of the
options has a ten-year term, subject to earlier termination if the optionee's
service terminates.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES NUMBER OF SECURITIES VALUE OF SHARES
ACQUIRED VALUE SUBJECT TO REPURCHASE SUBJECT TO REPURCHASE
NAME ON EXERCISE REALIZED AT DECEMBER 31, 1999 (#) AT DECEMBER 31, 1999 ($)(1)
---- ----------- -------- -------------------------- -----------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
William E. Rich............... 66,650 -- 213,925 3,080,000
James H. Stanford............. -- -- 85,641 1,236,803
</TABLE>
------------------------
(1) There was no public trading market for our common stock as of December 31,
1999. Accordingly, the value of unexercised in-the-money options as of that
date was calculated on the basis of an assumed initial public offering price
of $15.00 per share, less the aggregate exercise price of the options. The
securities subject to repurchase are all unvested options purchased under
Early Exercise Stock Purchase Agreements.
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<PAGE>
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
1993 STOCK OPTION PLAN
Our 1993 Stock Option Plan was adopted by our board of directors and
approved by our stockholders in December 1993. The 1993 Stock Option Plan
provides for the grant of incentive stock options intended to qualify under
Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code and stock options that do not so
qualify. The granting of incentive stock options is subject to the limitations
set forth in the 1993 Stock Option Plan. Our directors, officers, employees and
consultants are eligible to receive grants under the 1993 Stock Option Plan. The
purpose of the 1993 Stock Option Plan is to promote the interests of us and our
stockholders by encouraging and enabling eligible employees and other persons
affiliated with us to acquire our stock. We believe that our granting of options
will stimulate the efforts of these persons, strengthen their desire to remain
with us, further align their interests with our success and assure a closer
identification between them and us.
The 1993 Stock Option Plan is administered by our board of directors, which,
subject to the limitations on incentive stock options discussed above, has
authority to determine the optionees, the number of shares covered by an option,
the option exercise price, the term of the option, the vesting schedule and
other terms and conditions. As of July 31, 2000, the 1993 Stock Option Plan, as
amended, provided for the grant of options covering up to 3,321,750 shares of
common stock. If an option expires, terminates, becomes unexercisable or is
forfeited during the term of the 1993 Stock Option Plan without having been
exercised in full, the shares subject to the unexercised portion of such plan
will again be available for grant pursuant to the 1993 Stock Option Plan.
As of July 31, 2000, options for a total of 1,542,603 shares of common stock
were outstanding under the 1993 Stock Option Plan. In addition, 1,664,844 shares
of common stock have been purchased under the 1993 Stock Option Plan pursuant to
exercises of options. A total of 114,300 shares remain available for issuance
under the 1993 Stock Option Plan.
401(K) PLAN
We have established a tax-qualified employee savings and retirement plan, or
401(k) Plan, which covers all of our full-time U.S. employees who have completed
at least three months of service. Under the 401(k) Plan, eligible employees may
defer up to 20% of their pre-tax-earnings, subject to the Internal Revenue
Service's annual contribution limit. The 401(k) Plan permits additional
discretionary matching contributions by us on behalf of all participants in the
401(k) Plan in such a percentage amount as may be determined annually by the
Advisory Committee. The Advisory Committee has the responsibility of making all
discretionary determinations under the 401(k) Plan. The 401(k) Plan is intended
to qualify under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code so that contributions
by us to the 401(k) Plan, if any, will be deductible by us when made. The
Trustee under the 401(k) Plan invests the account balance under the plan in
accordance with an employee's written direction. To the extent an employee
directs the investment of his or her account balance under the plan, ERISA
relieves the Trustee from liability for any loss resulting from employee
direction of the investment.
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
We entered into an employment agreement, dated August 24, 2000, with
William E. Rich, our President and Chief Executive Officer. The agreement
provides for the acceleration of vesting of 100% of the options granted to
Dr. Rich and severance pay equal to 12 months' pay in the event we are acquired
by another company or group of investors and Dr. Rich's employment is terminated
within 12 months thereof for reasons other than gross misconduct, Dr. Rich
receives a cut in pay or responsibilities, or Dr. Rich is required to move
beyond reasonable commuting distance from his home.
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<PAGE>
CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
We have issued since our inception through July 31, 2000, in private
placement transactions (collectively, the "Private Placement Transactions"),
shares of preferred stock as follows: an aggregate of 1,313,392 shares of
Series A preferred stock at $1.16 per share in February and July 1994, an
aggregate of 2,827,231 shares of Series B preferred stock at $2.33 per share in
March 1995, July 1996, March 2000, April 2000 and June 2000, an aggregate of
1,276,290 shares of Series C preferred stock at $3.48 per share in April 1997,
March 1998 and March 2000, an aggregate of 2,957,738 shares of Series D
preferred stock at $4.65 per share in July and September 1998, January 1999,
March 2000 and April 2000, and an aggregate of 4,531,123 shares of Series E
preferred stock at $6.40 per share in March 2000. In addition, an aggregate of
66,113 warrants to purchase shares of preferred stock issued in 1996 and 1998
remain outstanding and will expire upon the initial public offering.
Each share of preferred stock is convertible, without payment of additional
consideration, into one share of common stock, and all of the 12,905,777 shares
of preferred stock shall be converted into 12,905,777 shares of common stock
upon closing of this offering.
The following table summarizes the shares of preferred stock purchased by
our greater than 5% stockholders, our directors and our executive officers in
private placement transactions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SERIES A SERIES B SERIES C SERIES D SERIES E
PREFERRED PREFERRED PREFERRED PREFERRED PREFERRED
INVESTOR(1) STOCK STOCK STOCK STOCK STOCK
----------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
John A. Young............................. 43,000 -- 131,053 55,739 41,605
William R. Green, Ph.D.................... -- 86,000 52,344 -- 22,059
William E. Rich, Ph.D..................... -- 107,500 28,940 -- --
Daniel Vapnek, Ph.D....................... 21,500 43,000 -- -- 11,677
MDS Capital Corporation(2)................ -- -- -- 1,075,000 194,638
ENTITIES AFFILIATED WITH DIRECTORS
S.R. One, Ltd.(3)......................... 591,533 749,788 288,719 89,183 156,323
Atlas Venture(4).......................... -- -- -- -- 1,632,684
Stanford Research Systems, Inc.(5)........ -- 738,412 -- -- 129,024
Falcon Technology Partners(6)............. 322,427 630,453 608,247 282,023 312,727
Lenita Rich (IRA)(7)...................... -- -- -- 21,548 4,679
Diana Young(8)............................ -- 35,832 -- -- 11,677
Gregory Young(8).......................... -- 35,832 -- -- 11,677
John Peter Young(8)....................... -- 35,832 -- -- 11,677
China Development Industrial Bank(9)...... -- -- -- -- 44,672
Central Investment Holding(9)............. -- -- -- -- 44,672
Bank Sinopac(9)........................... -- -- -- -- 44,672
First Bio Venture Capital
Corporation(9).......................... -- -- -- -- 22,343
5% STOCKHOLDERS
William E. Rich, Ph.D..................... -- 107,500 28,940 -- --
MDS Capital Corporation................... -- -- -- 1,075,000 194,638
S.R. One, Ltd............................. 591,533 749,724 288,719 89,183 156,363
Atlas Venture............................. -- -- -- -- 1,632,684
Falcon Technology Partners................ 322,427 630,453 608,312 282,023 312,727
T. William Hutchens, Ph.D................. -- -- -- -- --
Tai-Tung Yip, Ph.D........................ -- -- -- -- --
</TABLE>
------------------------
(1) See "Principal Stockholders" for more detail on shares held by these
purchasers.
(2) Michael J. Callaghan, a director, is a Senior Vice President of MDS Capital
Corporation.
45
<PAGE>
(3) Barbara J. Dalton, Ph.D., a director, is a Vice President of
S.R. One, Ltd.
(4) Jean-Francois Formela, M.D., a director, is a General Partner of Atlas
Venture.
(5) William R. Green, Ph.D, a director, is President and Chief Executive Officer
of Stanford Research Systems, Inc.
(6) James L. Rathmann, a director, is President of Falcon Technology Partners.
(7) William E. Rich, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer and a
director, is the spouse of Lenita Rich.
(8) John A. Young, Chairman of the board of directors, is the father of Diana,
Gregory and John Peter Young.
(9) China Development Industrial Bank, Central Investment Holding, Bank Sinopac
and First Bio Venture Capital Corporation are limited partners of MDS
Capital Corporation, of which Michael J. Callaghan, a director, is Senior
Vice President.
Since our inception, we have issued, in conjunction with the issuance of
certain convertible promissory notes (all of which have been converted) in
private placement transactions and in conjunction with other financing
transactions, warrants to purchase shares of preferred stock as follows: an
aggregate of 23,392 shares of Series A preferred stock at $1.16 per share in
December 1993 and September 1996, an aggregate of 169,277 shares of Series B
preferred stock at $2.33 per share in March and October 1995 and January 1996,
16,512 shares of Series C preferred stock at $2.91 per share in April 1997, an
aggregate of 19,350 shares of Series C preferred stock at $3.49 per share in
September and November, 1997, an aggregate of 71,360 shares of Series D
preferred stock at $4.65 per share in February, March and August 1998, and
63,053 shares of Series E preferred stock at $6.40 per share in March 2000. The
following table summarizes the number of preferred stock warrants granted to
greater than 5% stockholders, directors, executive officers and entities
affiliated with our executive officers and directors in private placement
transactions (including 22,932 Series A warrants exercised in 1998, 66,268
Series B warrants exercised in 1999 and 2000, 16,512 Series C warrants exercised
in 2000 and 11,287 Series D warrants exercised in 2000, by those listed in this
table):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SERIES A SERIES B SERIES C SERIES D
PRINCIPAL AMOUNT WARRANT WARRANT WARRANT WARRANT
INVESTOR(1) OF NOTES SHARES SHARES SHARES SHARES
----------- ---------------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
S.R. One, Ltd............................. $1,721,683 22,932 59,792 -- 11,287
Falcon Technology Partners................ 1,250,784 -- 54,849 -- 9,675
William R. Green, Ph.D.................... 240,000 -- -- 16,512 --
John A. Young............................. 250,000 -- -- -- 8,062
</TABLE>
------------------------
(1) See "Principal Stockholders" for more detail on shares held by these
purchasers.
In October 1996, September 1997 and June 2000, we issued an aggregate of
262,300 shares of Series B preferred stock to Stanford Research Systems, Inc.,
or SRS, upon achievement of product development milestones under a joint
development agreement with SRS entered into in February 1995 and amended in June
2000. In connection with the agreement, SRS may be entitled to receive up to
210,700 additional shares of Series B preferred stock upon the achievement of
additional milestones in the development of electronic subassemblies aimed
primarily at cost reduction of our ProteinChip Reader. We expect SRS to achieve
these milestones within the next 24 months and to award the full 210,700 shares
to SRS.
In February 1997, Dr. Green loaned us $240,000 evidenced by a promissory
note. In connection with the loan, we issued Dr. Green a warrant to purchase
16,512 shares of Series C preferred stock at an exercise price of $2.91 per
share. The loan was fully repaid on March 3, 2000.
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<PAGE>
In April 1997, we entered into an agreement to acquire all of the
outstanding capital stock of IllumeSys Pacific, Inc. Under the agreement, we
issued an aggregate of 4,227,534 shares of our common stock to IllumeSys
shareholders, including 2,916,998 shares of common stock to Dr. Hutchens.
In January 1998, the William E. Rich family loaned us $100,000 pursuant to a
senior promissory note. The note accrued interest at a rate of 8 1/2% per annum.
On March 26, 1998, we issued 28,940 shares of Series C preferred stock to the
William E. Rich IRA at $3.49 per share and we repaid the outstanding principal
balance and accrued interest on the note on March 31, 1998.
In February 1998, we agreed with Ciphergen Technologies, Inc., or CTI, that
we would acquire the 95% of the capital stock of CTI we did not then own in
exchange for 462,250 shares of our common stock. The consummation of the
acquisition was concurrent with the first closing of the Series D preferred
stock offering on July 28, 1998. Drs. Hutchens and Yip were the principal
shareholders of CTI.
In March 1998, Mr. Stanford and Drs. Rich, Hutchens and Yip exercised
incentive stock options totaling 827,750 shares with five-year promissory notes
totaling $296,250. In May 1998, Mr. Stanford exercised an incentive stock option
for 43,000 shares with a $50,000 five-year promissory note. In December 1998, a
$200,000, five-year promissory note was executed by Dr. Rich, secured by his
personal residence. In September 1999, Dr. Rich entered into a five-year
promissory note for $47,548, which represented a renewal of a $35,000 promissory
note of September 1994 plus accumulated interest. In November 1998, a $30,000,
five year promissory note was executed by Dr. Rich, representing renewal of a
$30,000, four year promissory note executed by Dr. Rich in November 1994.
In September 1999, Dr. Rich exercised an incentive stock option for 66,650
shares with a $77,500, five-year promissory note. In March 2000, Dr. Rich
exercised an incentive stock option for 86,000 shares with a $300,000 five-year
promissory note.
From June 1996 to March 1999, SRS provided space to us at no charge so that
we could begin manufacturing operations of our ProteinChip Reader. SRS charged
us on an hourly basis for the use of SRS purchasing personnel who ordered
materials from vendors for ProteinChip Reader production. SRS charged us the
suppliers' prices without markup and invoiced us monthly. In March 1999, we
relocated our manufacturing operations to our former Palo Alto headquarters and
instituted direct purchases of materials. SRS continues as a supplier of certain
components of our ProteinChip Reader but no longer purchases from other
suppliers for us. We believe that the price and quality of products made and
supplied by SRS are competitive with available alternatives. From June 1996 to
September 1999, we paid SRS $2.4 million for externally purchased parts, SRS
staff time and SRS manufactured parts.
Our SELDI technology was acquired via royalty-bearing sub-licenses. The
technology was developed by Drs. Hutchens and Yip when they were employed at the
Baylor College of Medicine. Several patent applications have been filed under
the names of Drs. Hutchens and Yip and assigned to Baylor.
In 1993, Molecular Analytical Systems, or MAS, owned primarily by Drs.
Hutchens and Yip, obtained an exclusive worldwide license to the SELDI
technology from Baylor. In 1997, MAS granted an exclusive sub-license for a
broad range of applications in the life science research market to IllumeSys
Pacific, Inc., or IPI, and an exclusive sub-license for a broad range of
applications in other life science markets, including clinical diagnostics and
consumer products, to ISP Acquisition Corporation, later re-named Ciphergen
Technologies, Inc., or CTI. Exclusive rights for a broad range of applications
in the field of therapeutic drug discovery were shared between IPI and CTI.
In April 1997, we acquired 100% of the stock of IPI and 5% of the stock of
CTI. In July 1998, we acquired the remaining 95% of the stock of CTI concurrent
with the first closing of the Series D preferred stock offering. MAS retained
for itself rights to SELDI for non-life science applications and
47
<PAGE>
for life science applications that do not involve biological or bioanalytical
measurements or assays performed in laboratories or laboratory environments.
We entered into an employment agreement, dated April 7, 1997, with Tai-Tung
Yip, our Director of Research. The agreement expired on April 6, 2000.
We believe the foregoing transactions were in our best interests. It is our
policy that future transactions with affiliates, including any loans we make to
our officers, directors, principal stockholders or other affiliates will be on
terms no less favorable to us than we could have obtained from unaffiliated
third parties. These transactions will be approved by a majority of our board of
directors, including a majority of the independent and disinterested members,
or, if required by law, a majority of our disinterested stockholders.
48
<PAGE>
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial
ownership of our common stock as of July 31, 2000, and as adjusted to reflect
the sale of common stock offered hereby for:
- each person known by us to own beneficially more than 5% of our common
stock;
- each of our directors;
- our Chief Executive Officer and our other most highly compensated
executive officer; and
- our executive officers and directors as a group.
Except as otherwise noted, the address of each person listed in the table is
c/o Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc., 6611 Dumbarton Circle, Fremont, California,
94555. The table includes all shares of common stock issuable within 60 days of
July 31, 2000, upon the exercise of options and warrants beneficially owned by
the indicated stockholders on that date based on options and warrants
outstanding as of July 31, 2000. Beneficial ownership is determined in
accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and includes
voting and investment power with respect to shares. To our knowledge, except
under applicable community property laws or as otherwise indicated, the persons
named in the table have sole voting and sole investment control with respect to
all shares beneficially owned. The applicable percentage of ownership for each
stockholder is based on 20,130,638 shares of common stock outstanding as of
July 31, 2000, in each case together with applicable options and warrants for
that stockholder. Shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options and
warrants beneficially owned are deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing
the percentage of ownership of the person holding those options and warrants,
but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of any
other person.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENT BENEFICIALLY
OWNED(1)
SHARES ---------------------
BENEFICIALLY BEFORE AFTER
BENEFICIAL OWNER OWNED OFFERING OFFERING
---------------- ------------ --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
T. William Hutchens ........................................ 3,235,951 16.1%
132 Palmer Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94043
James L. Rathmann(2) ....................................... 2,261,231 11.2%
Falcon Technology Partners
600 Dorsett Road
Devon, PA 19333
Falcon Technology Partners ................................. 2,235,431 11.1%
600 Dorsett Road
Devon, PA 19333
Barbara J. Dalton(3) ....................................... 1,944,389 9.6%
S.R. One, Limited
Four Tower Bridge
200 Barr Harbor Drive, Suite 250
West Conshohocken, PA 19428
S.R. One, Limited .......................................... 1,944,389 9.6%
Four Tower Bridge
200 Barr Harbor Drive, Suite 250
West Conshohocken, PA 19428
</TABLE>
49
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENT BENEFICIALLY
OWNED(1)
SHARES ---------------------
BENEFICIALLY BEFORE AFTER
BENEFICIAL OWNER OWNED OFFERING OFFERING
---------------- ------------ --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Jean-Francois Formela(4) ................................... 1,632,684 8.1%
Atlas Venture
222 Berkeley Street
Boston, MA 02116
Atlas Venture .............................................. 1,632,684 8.1%
222 Berkeley Street
Boston, MA 02116
Tai-Tung Yip(5)............................................. 1,464,985 7.3%
William E. Rich(6).......................................... 1,416,119 6.9%
Michael J. Callaghan(7) .................................... 1,278,239 6.3%
MDS Capital Corporation
100 International Blvd.
Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 6J6
MDS Capital Corporation .................................... 1,278,239 6.3%
100 International Blvd.
Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 6J6
William R. Green(8) ........................................ 1,264,342 6.2%
Stanford Research Systems, Inc.
1290 D Reamwood Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
John A. Young(9) ........................................... 593,997 2.9%
3200 Hillview Avenue
Palo Alto, CA 94304
Daniel Vapnek(10) .......................................... 119,178 *
414 Plaza Rubio
Santa Barbara, CA 93103
All directors and executive officers as group (nine 10,510,178 50.4%
persons) (11).............................................
</TABLE>
------------------------
* less than one percent of outstanding shares
(1) Assumes total conversion of preferred stock into common stock and includes
all shares of common stock issuable (as of July 31, 2000) upon the exercise
of outstanding options (including unvested options) held by the above
listed stockholders and upon the exercise of outstanding warrants held by
the above listed stockholders. Except as otherwise noted, the persons named
in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all
shares of common stock owned by them, subject to community property laws
where applicable.
(2) Includes 17,200 shares in the name of James L. Rathmann, a director,
issuable upon exercise of stock options, 8,600 shares of common stock
currently owned by Mr. Rathmann and 58,050 shares in the name of Falcon
Technology Partners, of which Mr. Rathmann is a General Partner, issuable
upon exercise of preferred stock warrants.
(3) Includes 25,800 shares in the name of S.R. One, Ltd. issuable upon exercise
of stock options. Barbara Dalton, a director, is a Vice President of
S.R. One.
(4) Jean-Francois Formela, a director, is a General Partner of Atlas Venture.
50
<PAGE>
(5) Includes 6,272 shares issuable upon exercise of a stock option and 8,778
shares of common stock in the name of Christine Yip, an employee, who is
Dr. Yip's spouse. Includes 13,975 shares subject to repurchase in the event
of the termination of Dr. Yip's employment, as part of an early option
exercise agreement.
(6) Includes 21,549 shares of Series D preferred stock and 4,680 shares of
Series E preferred stock held in an Individual Retirement Account and 4,300
shares of common stock held by Lenita L. Rich, a former employee, who is
Dr. Rich's spouse. Includes 258,000 shares issuable upon exercise of a
stock option grant and 243,773 shares subject to repurchase in the event of
employment termination, as part of an early option exercise agreement.
(7) Includes 8,600 shares issuable upon exercise of a stock option grant to
Michael J. Callaghan. Includes shares owned by three funds affiliated with
MDS Capital Corporation. Michael J. Callaghan, a director, is Senior Vice
President of MDS Capital Corporation.
(8) Includes 210,700 shares of Series B preferred stock issuable upon
completion of certain milestones under a product development agreement
between Stanford Research Systems, Inc. and us. William R. Green, a
director, is President and Chief Executive Officer of Stanford Research
Systems, Inc. Also includes 1,433 shares subject to repurchase as part of
an early stock exercise agreement.
(9) Includes 107,500 shares of Series B and 35,034 shares of Series E preferred
stock and 86,000 shares of common stock, 1,433 shares of which are subject
to repurchase as part of an early stock exercise agreement, which are in
the names of Mr. Young's three adult children and 8,062 shares issuable
upon the exercise of Series D preferred stock warrants. Also includes
86,000 shares issuable upon exercise of stock option granted to Mr. Young.
(10) Includes 43,000 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options.
(11) Includes 438,600 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options, 66,113
shares issuable upon exercise of preferred stock warrants, 210,700 shares
of Series B preferred stock issuable upon completion of certain milestones
by Stanford Research Systems, Inc. under a product development agreement
between Stanford Research Systems, Inc. and us. A total of 260,614 shares
are subject to repurchase in the event of employment termination as part
of early option exercise agreements for an executive officer, an employee
and two outside directors.
51
<PAGE>
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
GENERAL
Our Certificate of Incorporation, which will become effective upon the
closing of this offering, authorizes the issuance of up to 80,000,000 shares of
common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred
stock, par value $0.001 per share, the rights and preferences of which may be
established from time to time by our board of directors. As of July 31, 2000,
7,158,748 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding and 12,971,890
shares of preferred stock, which includes 66,113 shares of preferred stock
assumed to be issued upon exercise of warrants, convertible into 12,971,890
shares of common stock upon the completion of this offering were issued and
outstanding. As of July 31, 2000, we had 131 common stockholders of record.
Immediately after the closing of this offering, we will have 25,130,638
shares of common stock outstanding, assuming no exercise of options to acquire
1,542,603 additional shares of common stock or warrants to purchase 57,600
additional shares of preferred stock convertible into 57,600 shares of common
stock that are outstanding as of the date of this prospectus.
The description below gives effect to the filing of the Certificate of
Incorporation and the adoption of the Amended and Restated Bylaws. The following
summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to our Certificate and Amended
and Restated Bylaws, copies of which are filed as exhibits to the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part.
COMMON STOCK
Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share on all
matters to be voted upon by the stockholders and there are no cumulative voting
rights. Subject to preferences to which holders of preferred stock issued after
the sale of the common stock offered hereby may be entitled, holders of common
stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may be declared
from time to time by the board of directors out of funds legally available
therefor. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of us,
holders of common stock would be entitled to share in our assets remaining after
the payment of liabilities and the satisfaction of any liquidation preference
granted the holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock. Holders of
common stock have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription
rights and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the
common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are, and the shares of
common stock offered by us in this offering, when issued and paid for will be,
fully paid and nonassesable. The rights, preferences and privileges of the
holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the
rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock which we may
designate in the future.
PREFERRED STOCK
Upon the closing of this offering, our board of directors will be
authorized, subject to any limitations prescribed by law, without stockholder
approval, to issue from time to time up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of
preferred stock, in one or more series, each of such series to have such rights
and preferences, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights,
redemption privileges and liquidation preferences as shall be determined by the
board of directors. The rights for the holders of common stock will be subject
to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of any preferred
stock that may be issued in the future. Issuance of preferred stock, while
providing desirable flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and
other corporate purposes, could have the effect of making it more difficult for
a third party to acquire, or of discouraging a third party from attempting to
acquire, a majority of the outstanding voting stock of us. We have no present
plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.
52
<PAGE>
WARRANTS
We have issued and outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 57,600
shares of our preferred stock convertible into 57,600 shares of common stock,
excluding warrants to purchase 66,113 shares which will expire without exercise
prior to consummation of this offering, which are assumed included in preferred
stock outstanding immediately prior to this offering.
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
The holders of Preferred Stock, certain holders of warrants to purchase
preferred stock and certain holders of our common stock are parties with us to
an Investor Rights Agreement, dated March 3, 2000, pursuant to which those
holders have customary demand and piggyback registration rights with respect to
the shares of common stock held or to be issued upon conversion or exercise of
their preferred stock and warrants, respectively. In addition, the holders of
Preferred Stock are entitled to receive quarterly and annual financial
statements, subject to certain conditions and limitations. Copies of the
Investor Rights Agreement setting forth such rights will be furnished to
investors upon request.
DEMAND REGISTRATION
According to the terms of the Investors Rights Agreement, beginning six
months after the closing of this offering, the holders of shares of
common stock shall have the right to require us to register their shares with
the Securities and Exchange Commission so that those shares may be resold to the
public. To demand such a registration, holders who hold together an aggregate of
at least 50% of the shares having registration rights must request that the
registration statement register shares for an aggregate offering price of at
least $5,000,000, net of underwriting discounts and commissions. We are not
required to effect more than two demand registrations. We may defer the filing
of a demand registration for a period of up to 120 days once in any 12-month
period.
PIGGYBACK REGISTRATION
If we register in a public offering any of our securities, other than a
registration relating solely to employee benefit plans or a registration
relating solely to a Rule 145 transaction, the holders of demand registration
rights will have the right to include their shares in the registration
statement.
FORM S-3 REGISTRATION
At any time after we become eligible to file a registration statement on
Form S-3, holders of shares of common stock having demand and piggyback
registration rights may require us to file a Form S-3 registration. We are
obligated to file only one Form S-3 registration statement in any 12-month
period. We are also not obligated to file a Form S-3 within 180 days after any
registered offering by us, except for a registration relating solely to employee
benefit plans or a registration relating solely to a Rule 145 transaction.
Further, the aggregate offering proceeds of the requested Form S-3 registration,
before deduction of underwriting discounts and expenses, must be at least
$1,000,000. We may defer one registration request in any 12-month period for 120
days.
The registration rights are subject to certain conditions and limitations,
including the right of the underwriters of an offering to limit the number of
shares of common stock to be included in the registration. We are generally
required to bear the expenses of all registrations, except underwriting
discounts and commissions. However, we will not pay for any expenses of any
demand registration if the request is subsequently withdrawn by the holders
requesting the demand registration. The investors rights agreement also contains
our commitment to indemnify the holders of registration rights for losses
attributable to statements or omissions by us incurred with registrations under
the agreement. The registration rights terminate six years from the closing of
this offering.
53
<PAGE>
EFFECT OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF OUR CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS, AND
THE DELAWARE ANTI-TAKEOVER LAW
Certain provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
and Bylaws, which will become effective upon the closing of this offering, may
have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or of
discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire, control of us. Such
provisions could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay
in the future for shares of our common stock. Our Bylaws eliminate the right of
stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders or to act by written
consent without a meeting and require advance notice for stockholder proposals
and director nominations, which may preclude stockholders from bringing matters
before an annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for
directors at an annual meeting of stockholders. The authorization of
undesignated preferred stock makes it possible for the Board of Directors to
issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could
impede the success of any attempt to change control of us. These and other
provisions may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying
changes in control or management of us. The amendment of any of these provisions
would require approval by holders of at least 66 2/3% of our outstanding common
stock. In addition, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General
Corporation which, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits a Delaware
corporation from engaging in any business combination with any interested
stockholder, unless:
- prior to such date, our Board of Directors approved either the business
combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming
an interested stockholder;
- upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder
becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at
least 85% of our voting stock outstanding at the time the transaction
commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares
outstanding (a) shares owned by persons who are directors and also
officers, and (b) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee
participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether
shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange
offer; or
- on or subsequent to such date, the business combination is approved by our
Board of Directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of
stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at
least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the
interested stockholder.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Continental Stock
Transfer and Trust Company.
54
<PAGE>
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has been no market for our common stock, and
we cannot assure you that a significant public market for the common stock will
develop or be sustained after this offering. Future sales of substantial amounts
of common stock, including shares issued upon exercise of outstanding options
and warrants, in the public market following this offering could adversely
affect market prices prevailing from time to time and could impair our ability
to raise capital through the sale of our equity securities. As described below,
no shares currently outstanding will be available for sale immediately after
this offering.
SALES OF RESTRICTED SECURITIES
Upon completion of the offering, we will have outstanding an aggregate of
25,130,638 shares of common stock, assuming no exercise of the underwriters'
over-allotment option and no exercise of outstanding options or outstanding
warrants after July 31, 2000. Of these outstanding shares, the 5,000,000 shares
sold in the offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further
registration under the Securities Act of 1933, unless purchased by our
"affiliates" as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of
1933. The remaining 20,130,638 shares of common stock outstanding upon
completion of the offering and held by existing stockholders will be "restricted
securities" as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act of
1933. Restricted shares may be sold in the public market only if registered or
if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rules 144, 144(k) or
701 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, which rules are summarized
below, or another exemption. Sales of the restricted shares in the public
market, or the availability of such shares for sale, could adversely affect the
market price of the common stock. All officers, directors and certain other
holders of common stock have entered into contractual "lock-up" agreements
providing that they will not offer, sell, contract to sell or grant any option
to purchase or otherwise dispose of shares of common stock owned by them or that
could be purchased by them through the exercise of options or warrants for a
period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written
consent of SG Cowen. As a result of these contractual restrictions,
notwithstanding possible earlier eligibility for sale under the provisions of
Rules 144, 144(k) and 701, additional shares will be eligible for sale beginning
181 days after the effective date of the offering, subject in some cases to
certain volume limitations.
ELIGIBILITY OF RESTRICTED SHARES FOR SALE IN THE PUBLIC MARKET
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
At the effective date..................................... 0 shares
90 days after effective date.............................. 0 shares
181 days after effective date............................. 20,130,638 shares
More than 181 days after effective date................... 0 shares
</TABLE>
RULE 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, beginning 91 days after
the date of this prospectus, a person, or persons whose shares are aggregated,
who has beneficially owned restricted shares for at least one year, including
persons who may be deemed to be our "affiliates," would be entitled to sell
within any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed the
greater of:
- 1% of the number of shares of common stock then outstanding, which will
equal approximately 251,306 shares immediately after the offering; or
- the average weekly trading volume of the common stock as reported through
the Nasdaq National Market during the four calendar weeks preceding the
filing of a Form 144 with respect to such sale.
55
<PAGE>
Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to manner of sale provisions and
notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about
us. Under Rule 144(k), a person who is not deemed to have been our affiliate at
any time during the 90 days preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned for
at least two years the restricted shares proposed to be sold, including the
holding period of any prior owner except an affiliate, is entitled to sell such
shares without complying with the manner of sale, public information, volume
limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144.
RULE 701
Subject to certain limitations on the aggregate offering price of a
transaction and other conditions, Rule 701 permits resales of shares issued
prior to the date the issuer becomes subject to the reporting requirements of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, pursuant to certain compensatory benefit
plans and contracts commencing 90 days after the issuer becomes subject to the
reporting requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1933, in reliance
upon Rule 144 but without compliance with certain restrictions, including the
holding period requirements. In addition, the Securities and Exchange Commission
has indicated that Rule 701 will apply to typical stock options granted by an
issuer before it becomes subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, along with the shares acquired upon exercise of such
options, including exercises after the date the issuer becomes so subject.
Securities issued in reliance on Rule 701 are restricted securities and, subject
to the contractual restrictions described above, beginning 91 days after the
date of this prospectus, may be sold by persons other than affiliates subject
only to the manner of sale provisions of Rule 144 and by affiliates under
Rule 144 without compliance with its one-year minimum holding period
requirements.
LOCK-UP AGREEMENTS
The holders of % of our common stock, including all of our directors and
executive officers, together with holders of options to purchase
shares of common stock and the holders of warrants to purchase shares
of common stock and preferred stock have entered into lock-up agreements under
which they have agreed not to sell or otherwise dispose of any shares of common
stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for
common stock, or enter into any swap or similar agreement that transfers, in
whole or in part, the economic risk of ownership of the common stock, for a
period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. SG Cowen may, in its sole
discretion, at any time without notice, release all or any portion of the shares
subject to the lock-up agreements, which would result in more shares being
available for sale in the public market at an earlier date.
We intend to file a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933
covering the shares of common stock subject to outstanding options or reserved
for issuance under the 1993 Stock Option Plan. We expect to file this
registration statement within 90 days of effectiveness of the registration
statement covering the shares of common stock in this offering and it will
automatically become effective upon filing. Accordingly, shares registered under
such registration statement will, subject to Rule 144 volume limitations
applicable to affiliates and the expiration of a 180-day lock-up period, be
available for sale in the open market, except to the extent that such shares are
subject to our vesting restrictions or the contractual restrictions described
above.
56
<PAGE>
UNDERWRITING
Pursuant to the terms of an underwriting agreement dated , 2000, which
is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement relating to this
prospectus, the underwriters of the offering named below, for whom SG Cowen
Securities Corporation, ING Barings LLC and UBS Warburg LLC are acting as
representatives, have each agreed to purchase from us the respective number of
shares of common stock set forth opposite its name below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNDERWRITERS NUMBER OF SHARES
------------ ----------------
<S> <C>
SG Cowen Securities Corporation.............................
ING Barings LLC.............................................
UBS Warburg LLC.............................................
---------
Total..................................................... 5,000,000
=========
</TABLE>
The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriters' obligations to
purchase shares of common stock depend on the satisfaction of the conditions
contained in the underwriting agreement, and that if any of the shares of common
stock are purchased by the underwriters under the underwriting agreement, then
all of the shares of common stock which the underwriters have agreed to purchase
under the underwriting agreement must be purchased. The conditions contained in
the underwriting agreement include the requirement that the representations and
warranties made by us to the underwriters are true, that there is no material
change in the financial markets and that we deliver to the underwriters
customary closing documents.
We have granted to the underwriters an option to purchase up to an aggregate
of 750,000 additional shares of common stock, exercisable solely to cover
over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price less the underwriting
discounts and commissions shown on the cover page of this prospectus. The
underwriters may exercise this option at any time until 30 days after the date
of the underwriting agreement. If this option is exercised, each underwriter
will be committed, so long as the conditions of the underwriting agreement are
satisfied, to purchase a number of additional shares of common stock
proportionate to the underwriter's initial commitment as indicated in the
preceding table and we will be obligated, under the over-allotment option, to
sell the shares of common stock to the underwriters.
The underwriters propose to offer the common stock directly to the public at
the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. The
underwriters may offer the common stock to securities dealers at that price less
a concession not in excess of $ per share. Securities dealers may reallow a
concession not in excess of $ per share to other dealers. After the shares
of common stock are released for sale to the public, the underwriters may vary
the offering price and other selling terms from time to time.
The following table shows the per share and total underwriting discounts and
commissions to be paid to the underwriters by us. These amounts are shown
assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' option to
purchase 750,000 additional shares described below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WITHOUT
PER SHARE OPTION WITH OPTION
--------- ------------ -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Public offering price.....................
Underwriting discount.....................
Proceeds, before expenses, to Ciphergen...
</TABLE>
We estimate that the total expenses of the offering, excluding underwriting
discounts and commissions, will be approximately $1.5 million.
57
<PAGE>
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against liabilities, including
liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933 and liabilities arising from
breaches of the representations and warranties contained in the underwriting
agreement, and to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required
to make for these liabilities.
We, our executive officers and directors and certain of our other
stockholders have agreed not to directly or indirectly do any of the following,
whether any transaction described in clause (1) or (2) below is to be settled by
delivery of common stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise, in each case
without the prior written consent of SG Cowen on behalf of the underwriters, for
a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus:
(1) offer, sell or otherwise dispose of, or enter into any transaction or
arrangement which is designed or could be expected to, result in the
disposition or purchase by any person at any time in the future of, any
shares of common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for
common stock or substantially similar securities, other than any of the
following:
- the common stock sold under this prospectus
- shares of common stock we issue under employee benefit plans, qualified
stock option plans or other employee compensation plans existing on the
date of this prospectus or under currently outstanding options,
warrants or rights
(2) sell or grant options, rights or warrants with respect to any shares of
our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for our
common stock or substantially similar securities, other than the grant of
options under option plans existing on the date hereof
The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend to confirm sales
to discretionary accounts that exceed five percent of the total number of shares
of common stock offered by them.
We have applied for inclusion of our common stock on the Nasdaq National
Market under the symbol "CIPH", subject to official notice of issuance.
Prior to the offering, there has been no public market for the shares of our
common stock. The initial public offering price will be negotiated between the
representatives and us. In determining the initial public offering price of the
common stock, the representatives will consider, among other things and in
addition to prevailing market conditions, our historical performance and capital
structure, estimates of our business potential and earnings prospects, an
overall assessment of our management and the consideration of the above factors
in relation to market valuation of companies in related businesses.
Until the distribution of the common stock is completed, rules of the
Securities and Exchange Commission may limit the ability of the underwriters and
selling group members to bid for and purchase shares of common stock. As an
exception to these rules, the representatives are permitted to engage in
transactions that stabilize the price of the common stock. These transactions
may consist of bids or purchases for the purpose of pegging, fixing or
maintaining the price of common stock.
The underwriters may create a short position in the common stock in
connection with the offering, which means that they may sell more shares than
are set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. If the underwriters create a
short position, then the representatives may reduce that short position by
purchasing common stock in the open market. The representatives also may elect
to reduce any short position by exercising all or part of the over-allotment
option.
The representatives also may impose a penalty bid on underwriters and
selling group members. This means that if the representatives purchase shares of
common stock in the open market to reduce the underwriters' short position or to
stabilize the price of the common stock, they may reclaim the
58
<PAGE>
amount of the selling concession from the underwriters and selling group members
who sold those shares as part of the offering.
In general, purchases of a security for the purpose of stabilization or to
reduce a syndicate short position could cause the price of the security to be
higher than it might otherwise be in the absence of those purchases. The
imposition of a penalty bid might have an effect on the price of a security to
the extent that it was to discourage resales of the security by purchasers in an
offering.
Neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation or prediction
as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described
above may have on the price of the common stock. In addition, neither we nor any
of the underwriters make any representation that the representatives will engage
in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not be
discontinued without notice.
At our request, the underwriters have reserved up to 15% shares of the
common stock offered by this prospectus for sale to our directors and to our
business associates at the initial public offering price set forth on the cover
page of this prospectus. These persons must commit to purchase no later than the
close of business on the day following the date of this prospectus. The number
of shares available for sale to the general public will be reduced to the extent
these persons purchase the reserved shares.
SG Cowen Securities Corporation owns 63,053 shares of our Series E preferred
stock. The shares of Series E preferred stock will convert into an equal number
of shares of common stock upon completion of the initial public offering.
Certain of the representatives and their affiliates have in the past, and
may in the future, provide investment banking, financial advisory and other
services to us for which these representatives receive customary fees and
commissions.
59
<PAGE>
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us
by Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C., Palo Alto, California. Certain legal
matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the
underwriters by Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison LLP, Palo Alto, California.
EXPERTS
Our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 1998 and 1999, and
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999 included in
this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of
said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the
Securities Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, with
respect to the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus. This
prospectus, which constitutes part of the registration statement, does not
contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the
exhibits thereto. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of
any contract or other document that is filed as an exhibit to the registration
statement are not necessarily complete and each such statement is qualified in
all respects by reference to the full text of such contract or document.
You may read and copy all or any portion of the registration statement and
the exhibits at the SEC's public reference room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549, and at the regional offices of the SEC located at Seven
World Trade Center, Suite 1300, New York, New York 10048 and Citicorp Center,
500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661. You can request
copies of these documents, upon payment of a duplication fee, by writing to the
SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the
operation of the SEC's public reference rooms. Also, the SEC maintains a World
Wide Web site on the Internet at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy
and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file
electronically with the SEC.
As a result of this offering, we will become subject to the information and
periodic reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and, in
accordance therewith, will file periodic reports, proxy and information
statements and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy and
information statements and other information will be available for inspection
and copying at the public reference facilities, regional offices and SEC's Web
site referred to above.
60
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Report of Independent Accountants........................... F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets................................. F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations....................... F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit............ F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows....................... F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.................. F-7
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc.
The reverse stock split described in Note 14 to the consolidated financial
statements has not been consummated at the date of our opinion. When it has been
consummated, we will be in a position to furnish the following report:
"In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the
related consolidated statements of operations, of stockholders' deficit and of
cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of
Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 1998 and 1999,
and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 1999, in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States. These financial statements
are the responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to
express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We
conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards
generally accepted in the United States, which require that we plan and perform
the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed
above."
San Jose, California
March 6, 2000, except for Note 14 for
which the date is August , 2000
F-2
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRO FORMA
STOCKHOLDERS'
DECEMBER 31, EQUITY AT
------------------- JUNE 30, JUNE 30,
1998 1999 2000 2000
-------- -------- --------- -------------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 7,002 $ 2,799 $ 24,027
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful
accounts of $40, $100 and $130 (unaudited)
respectively............................................ 692 680 1,623
Accounts receivable from related parties.................. 380 318 180
Inventories, net.......................................... 730 722 1,412
Prepaid expenses and other current assets................. 231 322 1,119
-------- -------- --------
Total current assets.................................. 9,035 4,841 28,361
Property and equipment, net................................. 791 867 3,855
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net................... 1,062 697 531
Notes receivable from related party......................... 256 261 280
Investment in joint venture................................. -- 156 131
Other long-term assets...................................... -- 22 153
-------- -------- --------
Total assets.............................................. $ 11,144 $ 6,844 $ 33,311
======== ======== ========
LIABILITIES, CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable.......................................... $ 452 $ 728 $ 1,596
Accounts payable to related party......................... 369 42 27
Accrued liabilities....................................... 740 931 3,406
Deferred revenue.......................................... 377 161 364
Deferred revenue from related parties..................... -- 134 31
Current portion of capital lease obligations.............. 52 121 243
Current portion of long-term debt......................... 429 366 255
Line of credit............................................ -- 825 --
-------- -------- --------
Total current liabilities............................. 2,419 3,308 5,922
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion........... 105 184 413
Long-term debt, net of current portion...................... 276 299 196
Deferred revenue............................................ -- 45 103
Deferred revenue from related parties....................... -- 252 236
-------- -------- --------
Total liabilities..................................... 2,800 4,088 6,870
-------- -------- --------
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6 and 14)
Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value,
Authorized: 13,869,067 shares
Issued and outstanding: 7,987,231 shares at
December 31, 1998, 8,230,755 shares at December 31,
1999 and 12,905,777 shares at June 30, 2000
(unaudited); none pro forma (unaudited)............... 24,264 25,339 53,215 $ --
-------- -------- -------- --------
(Liquidation value: $25,834 at December 31, 1999)
Preferred stock warrants (Notes 8 and 14)................. 355 355 568 --
-------- -------- -------- --------
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Common stock, $0.001 par value,
Authorized: 25,800,000 shares
Issued and outstanding: 6,861,446 shares at
December 31, 1998, 6,852,893 shares at December 31,
1999 and 7,158,748 shares at June 30, 2000
(unaudited); 20,064,525 shares pro forma
(unaudited)........................................... 6 6 7 20
Additional paid-in capital................................ 5,952 9,816 25,862 79,632
Notes receivable from stockholders........................ (386) (488) (767) (767)
Deferred stock compensation............................... (1,308) (3,687) (14,650) (14,650)
Accumulated deficit....................................... (20,539) (28,585) (37,794) (37,794)
-------- -------- -------- --------
Total stockholders' equity (deficit).................. (16,275) (22,938) (27,342) $ 26,441
-------- -------- -------- ========
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock and
stockholders' equity (deficit).................... $ 11,144 $ 6,844 $ 33,311
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-3
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS ENDED
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30,
------------------------------ -------------------
1997 1998 1999 1999 2000
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue:
Product revenue............................. $ 1,283 $ 2,308 $ 4,128 $ 1,784 $ 3,188
Revenue from related parties................ -- 625 882 5 453
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Total revenue........................... 1,283 2,933 5,010 1,789 3,641
Cost of revenue:
Product revenue............................. 1,002 843 1,402 690 1,215
Revenue from related parties................ -- 225 306 2 296
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Total cost of revenue................... 1,002 1,068 1,708 692 1,511
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Gross margin............................ 281 1,865 3,302 1,097 2,130
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Operating expenses:
Research and development.................... 3,249 4,733 3,139 1,524 2,876
Sales and marketing......................... 1,315 2,662 4,989 2,416 3,553
General and administrative.................. 1,332 2,100 2,799 1,168 5,188
Amortization of intangible assets........... 164 279 365 183 167
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Total operating expenses................ 6,060 9,774 11,292 5,291 11,784
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Loss from operations.......................... (5,779) (7,909) (7,990) (4,194) (9,654)
Interest income............................... 15 175 245 143 553
Interest expense.............................. (236) (488) (179) (74) (95)
Other income (expense), net................... (5) 170 37 14 12
Equity in net loss of joint venture........... -- -- (159) (113) (25)
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net loss...................................... (6,005) (8,052) (8,046) (4,224) (9,209)
Dividend related to beneficial conversion
feature of preferred stock.................. -- -- -- -- (27,228)
-------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Net loss attributable to common
stockholders................................ $ (6,005) $(8,052) $(8,046) $(4,224) $(36,437)
======== ======= ======= ======= ========
Net loss per share attributable to common
stockholders:
Basic and diluted........................... $ (2.07) $ (1.62) $ (1.26) $ (0.67) $ (5.53)
======== ======= ======= ======= ========
Shares used in computing net loss per share
attributable to common stockholders....... 2,903 4,970 6,397 6,306 6,585
======== ======= ======= ======= ========
Pro forma net loss per share attributable to
common stockholders (unaudited):
Basic and diluted........................... $ (0.55) $ (2.04)
======= ========
Shares used in computing pro forma net loss
per share attributable to common
stockholders.............................. 14,594 17,845
======= ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-4
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997, 1998 AND 1999 AND THE SIX MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2000
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NOTES
COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL RECEIVABLE DEFERRED
------------------- PAID-IN FROM STOCK ACCUMULATED
SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL STOCKHOLDERS COMPENSATION DEFICIT TOTAL
-------- -------- ---------- ------------ ------------- ------------ --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balances, December 31, 1996........... 1,073 $ 1 $ 112 $ (35) $ -- $ (6,482) $ (6,404)
Issuance of common stock upon
conversion of note payable.......... 2 -- 1 -- -- -- 1
Issuance of common stock for
acquisition......................... 2,113 2 735 -- -- -- 737
Issuance of common stock for cash and
notes receivable.................... 59 -- 11 (5) -- -- 6
Issuance of common stock for
services............................ 497 -- 171 -- -- -- 171
Deferred stock compensation........... -- -- 830 -- (830) -- --
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation........................ -- -- -- -- 119 -- 119
Net loss.............................. -- -- -- -- -- (6,005) (6,005)
------ --- ------- ----- -------- -------- --------
Balances, December 31, 1997........... 3,744 3 1,860 (40) (711) (12,487) (11,375)
Issuance of common stock for
services............................ 1,667 2 1,693 -- -- -- 1,695
Issuance of common stock for cash and
notes receivable.................... 988 1 385 (346) -- -- 40
Issuance of common stock for
acquisition......................... 462 -- 537 -- -- -- 537
Deferred stock compensation........... -- -- 1,477 -- (1,477) -- --
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation........................ -- -- -- -- 880 -- 880
Net loss.............................. -- -- -- -- -- (8,052) (8,052)
------ --- ------- ----- -------- -------- --------
Balances, December 31, 1998........... 6,861 6 5,952 (386) (1,308) (20,539) (16,275)
Issuance of common stock for
services............................ 12 -- 14 -- -- -- 14
Issuance of common stock for cash and
notes receivable.................... 339 -- 366 (341) -- -- 25
Repurchase of common stock............ (359) -- (239) 239 -- -- --
Deferred stock compensation........... -- -- 3,723 -- (3,723) -- --
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation........................ -- -- -- -- 1,344 -- 1,344
Net loss.............................. -- -- -- -- -- (8,046) (8,046)
------ --- ------- ----- -------- -------- --------
Balances, December 31, 1999........... 6,853 6 9,816 (488) (3,687) (28,585) (22,938)
Issuance of common stock for cash and
notes receivable.................... 321 1 535 (300) -- -- 236
Issuance of common stock for
services............................ 2 -- 27 -- -- -- 27
Repurchase of common stock............ (17) -- (21) 21 -- -- --
Deferred stock compensation........... -- -- 14,509 -- (14,509) -- --
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation........................ -- -- -- -- 3,546 -- 3,546
Issuance of preferred stock and
warrants with beneficial conversion
feature............................. -- -- 27,228 -- -- -- 27,228
Dividend related to beneficial
conversion feature of preferred
stock............................... -- -- (27,228) -- -- -- (27,228)
Charge for accelerated vesting of
employee stock options.............. -- -- 996 -- -- -- 996
Net loss.............................. -- -- -- -- -- (9,209) (9,209)
------ --- ------- ----- -------- -------- --------
Balances, June 30, 2000 (unaudited)... 7,159 $ 7 $25,862 $(767) $(14,650) $(37,794) $(27,342)
====== === ======= ===== ======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-5
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, ENDED JUNE 30,
------------------------------ -------------------
1997 1998 1999 1999 2000
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss.................................................. $(6,005) $(8,052) $(8,046) $(4,224) $(9,209)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in
operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization........................... 748 1,041 945 422 498
Common stock issued for services........................ 171 1,695 14 10 27
Preferred stock issued for services..................... 275 83 -- -- 379
Amortization of deferred stock compensation and
accelerated vesting of stock options.................. 119 880 1,344 475 4,542
Amortization of debt discount........................... 18 229 19 9 4
Equity in net loss of joint venture..................... -- -- 159 113 25
Preferred stock issued in lieu of interest.............. -- 91 -- -- --
Provision for obsolete inventory........................ 134 117 5 21 66
Loss on disposal of fixed assets........................ 155 67 164 -- 192
Provision for doubtful accounts......................... -- 40 60 30 30
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable................................... 80 (725) (48) 707 (973)
Accounts receivable from related parties.............. -- (380) 62 (368) 138
Inventories........................................... (921) (545) 3 (155) (756)
Prepaid and other current assets...................... 167 (114) (91) 40 (797)
Other long-term assets................................ -- -- (22) (11) (131)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities.............. 310 76 467 (861) 3,343
Accounts payable to related parties................... 123 246 (327) 354 (15)
Deferred revenue...................................... (3) 334 81 (128) 165
Deferred revenue from related parties................. -- -- 134 362 (23)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net cash used in operating activities............... (4,629) (4,917) (5,077) (3,204) (2,495)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of property and equipment........................ (426) (196) (602) (173) (3,076)
Issuance of notes receivable to related party............. -- (226) (19) (5) (19)
Investment in joint venture............................... -- -- (315) (315) --
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net cash used in investing activities............... (426) (422) (936) (493) (3,095)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Exercise of common stock options.......................... 6 40 39 10 236
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance
costs................................................... 2,640 9,665 1,019 1,019 26,899
Exercise of preferred stock warrants...................... -- -- 56 -- 811
Principal payments on capital lease obligations........... -- -- (70) (25) (85)
Proceeds from long-term debt.............................. 2,183 2,742 467 346 --
Repayments of long-term debt.............................. (257) (522) (526) (251) (218)
Borrowing under line of credit............................ -- -- 2,554 499 --
Payments under line of credit............................. -- -- (1,729) -- (825)
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net cash provided by financing activities........... 4,572 11,925 1,810 1,598 26,818
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents........ (483) 6,586 (4,203) (2,099) 21,228
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period.............. 899 416 7,002 7,002 2,799
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period.................... $ 416 $ 7,002 $ 2,799 $ 4,903 $24,027
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Interest paid............................................. $ 138 $ 174 $ 140 $ 55 $ 84
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING
ACTIVITIES:
Acquisition of property and equipment under capital
leases.................................................. $ -- $ 186 $ 218 $ -- $ 436
Common stock issued in exchange for fixed assets,
purchased technology and assumption of liabilities...... 737 -- -- -- --
Common stock issued in exchange for notes receivable from
stockholders............................................ 5 346 327 19 300
Preferred stock issued upon conversion of convertible
notes payable........................................... 5 4,000 -- -- --
Issuance of warrants in connection with notes payable..... 165 190 -- -- --
Common stock issued in acquisition of Ciphergen
Technologies, Inc....................................... -- 537 -- -- --
Repurchase of common stock for cancellation of note
receivable.............................................. -- -- 239 66 21
Dividend related to beneficial conversion feature of
preferred stock and warrants............................ -- -- -- -- 27,228
Issuance of warrants in connection with Series E preferred
stock................................................... -- -- -- -- 213
Conversion of accrued interest into stockholder note...... -- -- 14 -- --
Deferred stock compensation recognized on option grants... 830 1,477 3,723 1,143 14,509
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-6
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
THE COMPANY
Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc. (the "Company") develops, manufactures and sells
ProteinChip Systems, which consist of disposable ProteinChip Arrays, ProteinChip
Readers and ProteinChip Software for life science researchers. These products
are primarily sold to biologists at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies
and academic and government research laboratories.
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
In February 2000, the Board of Directors authorized management of the
Company to file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange
Commission permitting the Company to sell shares of its common stock to the
public. If the initial public offering is closed under the terms presently
anticipated, all of the convertible preferred stock outstanding will
automatically convert into shares of common stock. Unaudited pro forma
stockholders' equity, as adjusted for the assumed conversion of the preferred
stock, is set forth on the balance sheets.
UNAUDITED INTERIM RESULTS
The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements for the six
months ended June 30, 1999 and 2000, together with the related notes, are
unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the
same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management,
reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments,
necessary to present fairly the Company's financial position and results of
operations and cash flows for the six month periods ended June 30, 1999 and
2000.
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
the Company and its three wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany
transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Company reports its minority ownership interest in Ciphergen Biosystems,
K.K., a joint venture, using the equity method of accounting. Intercompany
profits have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.
USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
CERTAIN RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
The Company's products and services are currently concentrated in a single
segment of the life science research field which is characterized by rapid
technological advances and changes in customer requirements. The success of the
Company depends on management's ability to anticipate or to respond quickly and
adequately to technological developments in its industry, changes in customer
requirements or industry standards. Any significant delays in the development or
introduction of
F-7
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
products or services could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business and operating results.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an
original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The carrying amounts of certain of the Company's financial instruments
including cash and cash equivalents and accounts payable approximate fair value
due to their short maturities. Based on borrowing rates currently available to
the Company for loans with similar terms, the carrying value of its debt
obligations approximates fair value.
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a
concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and accounts
receivable. The Company's cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 1999 were
deposited with financial institutions in the United States and exceed federally
insured amounts. The Company also maintains cash deposits with one bank in the
United Kingdom. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of
cash and cash equivalents. The Company's accounts receivable are derived from
sales made to customers located in the United States, Europe and Asia. The
Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers' financial
condition and generally does not require collateral. The Company maintains an
allowance for doubtful accounts based upon the expected collectibility of
accounts receivable.
INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, using the average cost method,
or market value.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated on a straight-line
basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, generally three to
five years. Gains and losses upon asset disposal are reflected in operations in
the year of disposition.
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets arose from the Company's acquisitions. Goodwill is being
amortized on a straight-line basis over five years. Other intangible assets
consist of acquired workforce, which is being amortized on a straight-line basis
over its estimated useful life of three years.
LONG-LIVED ASSETS
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in
circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
Recoverability is measured by comparison of the asset's carrying amount to
future net undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If such
assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is
measured by the
F-8
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the projected
discounted future net cash flows arising from the assets.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin
No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements." Revenue from product
sales is recognized upon product shipment provided no significant obligations
remain and collections of the receivables are deemed probable. The Company
recognizes revenue for ongoing customer service contracts ratably over the
period of the service contract. Payments for service contracts are generally
made in advance and are non-refundable. Licensing product and distribution
rights are recognized ratably over the term of such agreements.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS
Research and development expenditures are charged to operations as incurred.
Software is an integral component to our product and is not sold separately
except as part of ongoing customer service contracts. Software development costs
incurred in the research and development of new products are expensed as
incurred until technological feasibility is established. Development costs are
capitalized beginning when technological feasibility has been established and
ending when the software component is available for general release to
customers. To date, products and upgrades have generally reached technological
feasibility and have been released for sale at substantially the same time.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company accounts for its stock-based employee compensation arrangements
in accordance with provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25
("APB 25"), "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" and complies with the
disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS")
No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." Under APB 25, unearned
compensation expense is based on the difference, if any, on the date of the
grant, between the fair value of the Company's stock and the exercise price.
Unearned compensation is amortized and expensed in accordance with Financial
Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 28. The Company accounts for stock
issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123 and
Emerging Issue Task Force No. 96-18, "Accounting for Equity Instruments that are
Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling,
Goods or Services."
INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method. Under this
method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the
difference between the financial statement and the tax bases of assets and
liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the
differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is
established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected
to be realized.
F-9
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The Company has adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 130, "Reporting
Comprehensive Income." This statement requires the disclosure of comprehensive
income and its components in a full set of general-purpose financial statements.
Comprehensive income is defined as net income (loss) plus revenues, expenses,
gains, and losses that, under generally accepted accounting principles, are
excluded from net income (loss). The Company's comprehensive income approximated
net income for all periods presented.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION
The functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiary is the U.S.
dollar. All assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are
translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date.
Revenues, costs and expenses are translated at the average rates of exchange
prevailing during the period. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency
translations and transactions are included in the consolidated statements of
operations and have not been significant.
NET LOSS PER SHARE
Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by
dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders for the period by the
weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted
net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing
the net loss attributable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted
average number of common and potential common shares outstanding during the
period, if their effect is dilutive. Potential common shares include common
stock subject to repurchase and incremental shares of common stock issuable upon
the exercise of stock options and warrants and upon the conversion of
convertible preferred stock.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss
per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated (in
thousands, except per share amounts):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS ENDED
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30,
------------------------------ -------------------
1997 1998 1999 1999 2000
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common
stockholders...................... $(6,005) $(8,052) $(8,046) $(4,224) $(36,437)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares
outstanding....................... 3,015 5,621 6,750 6,683 7,045
Weighted average unvested common
shares subject to repurchase...... (112) (651) (353) (377) (460)
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Denominator for basic and diluted
calculations...................... 2,903 4,970 6,397 6,306 6,585
======= ======= ======= ======= ========
Basic and diluted net loss per share
attributable to common
stockholders...................... $ (2.07) $ (1.62) $ (1.26) $ (0.67) $ (5.45)
======= ======= ======= ======= ========
</TABLE>
F-10
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth the potential shares of common stock that are
not included in the diluted net loss per share attributable to common
stockholders calculation above because to do so would be anti-dilutive for the
periods indicated (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS ENDED
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, JUNE 30,
------------------------------ -------------------
1997 1998 1999 1999 2000
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Effect of dilutive securities:
Convertible preferred stock
outstanding....................... 4,781 7,987 8,231 8,207 12,906
Common stock subject to
repurchase........................ 111 579 392 312 422
Stock options outstanding........... 936 439 561 747 1,545
Warrants outstanding................ 229 266 242 266 124
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
6,057 9,271 9,426 9,532 14,997
======= ======= ======= ======= ========
</TABLE>
PRO FORMA STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND PRO FORMA NET LOSS PER SHARE (UNAUDITED)
Immediately prior to the effective date of the offering, all of the
convertible preferred stock outstanding will automatically convert into common
stock at a one-to-one ratio. The pro forma effects of these transactions are
unaudited and have been reflected in the accompanying Pro Forma Stockholders'
Equity as of June 30, 2000.
Pro forma net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the
year ended December 31, 1999 and the six months ended June 30, 2000 is computed
using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding including the pro
forma effects of the automatic conversion of the Company's convertible preferred
stock into shares of the Company's common stock effective upon the closing of
the Company's initial public offering as if such conversion occurred on
January 1, 1999, or at the date of original issue, if later. The resulting pro
forma adjustment includes an increase in the weighted average shares used to
compute basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders of
approximately 8,197,000 shares and 11,260,000 shares for the year ended
December 31, 1999 and for the six months ended June 30, 2000, respectively. The
calculation of pro forma diluted net loss per share attributable to common
stockholders excludes incremental common stock issuable upon the exercise of
stock options, warrants and common stock subject to repurchase as their effect
would be anti-dilutive.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 133,
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." SFAS No. 133
establishes new standards of accounting and reporting for derivative instruments
and hedging activities. SFAS No. 133 requires that all derivatives be recognized
at fair value in the statement of financial position, and that the corresponding
gains or losses be reported either in the statement of operations or as a
component of comprehensive income, depending on the type of relationship that
exists. In July 1999, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS
No. 137, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--Deferral
of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133." SFAS No. 137 deferred the
effective date until fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. The Company has
not engaged in significant hedging activities or invested in significant
derivative instruments.
F-11
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued
Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 101, Revenue Recognition, which provides
guidance on the recognition, presentation and disclosure on revenue in financial
statements filed with the SEC. SAB 101 outlines the basic criteria that must be
met to recognize revenue and provides guidance for disclosure related to revenue
recognition policies. The Company believes that its current revenue recognition
policy is in compliance with SAB 101.
In March 2000, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 44, "Accounting for
Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation--an Interpretation of APB 25"
("FIN 44"). This interpretation clarifies (a) the definition of employee for
purposes of applying APB 25, (b) the criteria for determining whether a plan
qualifies as a noncompensatory plan, (c) the accounting consequences of various
modifications to the terms of a previously fixed stock option or award, and
(d) the accounting for an exchange of stock compensation awards in a business
combination. This Interpretation is effective July 1, 2000, but certain
conclusions in this Interpretation cover specific events that occur after either
December 15, 1998, or January 12, 2000. To the extent that this Interpretation
covers events occurring during the period after December 15, 1998, or
January 12, 2000, but before the effective date of July 1, 2000, the effects of
applying this Interpretation are recognized on a prospective basis from July 1,
2000. The adoption of FIN 44 will not have a material impact on the Company's
financial statements.
2. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS (IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
------------------- JUNE 30,
1998 1999 2000
-------- -------- -----------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
INVENTORY, NET:
Raw materials............................................. $ 434 $ 471 $ 676
Work in process........................................... 160 102 543
Finished goods............................................ 136 149 193
------ ------- -------
$ 730 $ 722 $ 1,412
====== ======= =======
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT:
Machinery and equipment................................... $1,032 $ 1,472
Computers and equipment................................... 254 304
Furniture and fixtures.................................... 193 241
------ -------
1,479 2,017
Less: Accumulated depreciation............................ (688) (1,150)
------ -------
$ 791 $ 867
====== =======
</TABLE>
Property and equipment includes $186 and $402 of equipment under capital
leases at December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively. Accumulated amortization of
assets under capital leases totaled $38 and $123 at December 31, 1998 and 1999,
respectively.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
1998 1999
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
ACCRUED LIABILITIES:
Payroll and related expenses.............................. $ 391 $ 452
Royalties................................................. 31 49
Other accrued liabilities................................. 318 430
------ -------
$ 740 $ 931
====== =======
</TABLE>
F-12
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
3. INVESTMENT IN JOINT VENTURE
In January 1999, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with a
Japanese company to form a limited liability corporation, Ciphergen Biosystems,
K.K., to be incorporated under the commercial code of Japan. The Company
invested $315,000 in exchange for 30% ownership of the joint venture. The
Company has no future funding commitments to Ciphergen Biosystem, K.K.
Commencing after the fiscal year ending December 31, 2001, the Company has the
option to purchase an aggregate of 40% of Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K. from its
joint venture partner each year within 30 days of the receipt of the joint
venture's audited financial statements. Such buyout option terminates
automatically 30 days after the receipt of the joint venture's audited financial
statements for the year ending December 31, 2004. The aggregate purchase price
for the buyout option is the greatest of (i) 50,000,000 yen, (ii) 8% of the
joint venture's net sales during the last fiscal year, or (iii) 40% of the joint
venture's book value at the end of the last fiscal year. The Japanese investor
is obligated to provide or arrange for working capital for the joint venture
until the Company purchases the additional 40% ownership, at which time the
joint venture must repay such financing and arrange its own working capital
financing. The Company's proportionate share of the joint venture's losses were
recorded in the statement of operations as non-operating losses. Approximately
11% of the Company's revenues for 1999 were from sales to the joint venture.
In connection with the joint venture agreement, the Company entered into a
distribution and marketing agreement with the joint venture whereby the joint
venture would distribute the Company's products in the life science research
markets in Japan. In exchange for providing trading, technical support,
equipment demonstrations and seminars, the Company received a non-refundable
payment of approximately $315,000. Such payment is included in deferred revenue
and is being recognized as other income over a 10-year period, the term of the
joint venture agreement.
4. LONG-TERM DEBT (IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
1998 1999
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Notes payable to a financial institution, bearing interest
between 14.8% and 17.8% collateralized by equipment and
inventory, with principal and interest payable monthly
through May 2000.......................................... $264 $ 29
Notes payable to a financial institution, bearing interest
between 14.7% and 16.8%, collateralized by equipment, with
principal and interest payable through August 2002........ 326 584
Note payable to a related party, bearing interest at 18%,
collateralized by certain equipment, with principal and
interest payable monthly through March 2000............... 128 50
Note payable to a financial institution, bearing interest at
6%, collateralized by certain equipment, with principal
and interest payable monthly through November 2001........ 11 7
---- ----
729 670
Unamortized discounts related to stock warrants (Note 8).... (24) (5)
---- ----
705 665
Less: Current portion....................................... 429 366
---- ----
$276 $299
==== ====
</TABLE>
The notes payable to financial institutions are subject to certain
covenants, including restrictions on the payment of dividends and the sale of
assets. At December 31, 1999, the Company was not in violation of any covenants.
F-13
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
4. LONG-TERM DEBT (IN THOUSANDS) (CONTINUED)
Scheduled principal payments on notes payable at December 31, 1999 are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
2000........................................................ $366
2001........................................................ 182
2002........................................................ 117
----
$665
====
</TABLE>
5. LINE OF CREDIT
On June 23, 1999, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement
with a bank for a line of credit. At December 31, 1999, the Company had $825,000
outstanding under a $1,500,000 revolving line of credit for which the borrowing
base is equal to 80% of the Company's eligible domestic accounts receivable and
75% of the Company's eligible foreign accounts receivable as determined by the
lender. The line of credit matures on June 22, 2000. (Note 14). Interest is
calculated daily at 0.75% above the prime rate based on a 360 day year. The line
is collateralized by accounts receivable and other assets of the Company. The
Company is subject to certain covenants, including restrictions on dividend
payments and maintenance of certain financial ratios. The Company was not in
violation of any covenants at December 31, 1999.
6. COMMITMENTS
CAPITAL LEASES
The Company leases certain machinery and equipment under capital lease
agreements with an independent finance company which expire through
December 2002.
As of December 31, 1999, future minimum lease payments under capital lease
agreements were as follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
2000........................................................ $ 158
2001........................................................ 126
2002........................................................ 84
-----
Total minimum lease payments................................ 368
Less: Amount representing interest.......................... (63)
-----
Present value of minimum lease payments..................... 305
Less: Current portion....................................... (121)
-----
Non-current portion......................................... $ 184
=====
</TABLE>
OPERATING LEASES
The Company leases various equipment and two facilities in Palo Alto,
California. The two facility leases originally expired in December 31, 1999, but
were extended for an additional six months to June 30, 2000 (see Note 14). Under
the terms of one of the facility leases, the Company is responsible for common
area maintenance. Total rent expense under all leases was $204, $221 and $397
for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively.
F-14
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
6. COMMITMENTS (CONTINUED)
As of December 31, 1999, future minimum lease payments under the operating
leases were as follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
2000........................................................ $238
2001........................................................ 6
2002 and thereafter......................................... 6
----
Total minimum lease payments................................ $250
====
</TABLE>
7. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
In February 1995, the Company entered into a joint development agreement
that provides for the issuance of a total of 949,113 shares of Series B
preferred stock. Under this agreement, 476,113 shares of Series B preferred
stock at $2.33 per share were issued upon the closing of the Company's Series B
financing in March 1995, 118,250 shares were issued in October 1996 upon the
achievement of the first milestone, and 118,250 shares were issued in
September 1997 upon the achievement of the second milestone. The remaining
236,500 shares will be issued upon the achievement of additional milestones.
At December 31, 1999, the amounts, terms and liquidation values of
Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D convertible preferred stock were as
follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES COMMON
ISSUED STOCK
SHARES AND RESERVED FOR LIQUIDATION
SERIES AUTHORIZED OUTSTANDING CONVERSION VALUE
------ ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
A................................ 1,314 1,314 1,314 $ 1,527
B................................ 3,124 2,753 2,753 6,403
C................................ 1,295 1,260 1,260 4,395
D................................ 2,976 2,904 2,904 13,509
E................................ 5,160 -- -- --
------ ----- ----- -------
13,869 8,231 8,231 $25,834
====== ===== ===== =======
</TABLE>
The rights, preferences and privileges of Series A, Series B, Series C and
Series D preferred stock are as follows:
VOTING RIGHTS
Holders of Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock are
entitled to one vote for each share of common stock into which such shares can
be converted. The holders of the outstanding shares of Series A and Series B
preferred stock, voting as separate classes, are each entitled to elect two
members to the Company's Board of Directors and the holders of the outstanding
shares of Series D preferred stock, voting as a separate class, are entitled to
elect one member to the Company's Board of Directors. Any remaining board
members will be elected by the holders of common stock and the holders of
preferred stock voting together as a single class.
F-15
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
7. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (CONTINUED)
DIVIDENDS
The holders of Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock are
entitled to noncumulative dividends prior and in preference to any declaration
or payment of any dividend on the common stock of the Company, in the amount of
$0.09, $0.19, $0.28 and $0.37 per share per annum, respectively, as declared by
the Board of Directors. No dividends had been declared as of December 31, 1999.
CONVERSION RIGHTS
Shares of Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock are
convertible into common shares at the option of the holder or automatically upon
a public offering of at least $10,000,000 of common stock at an offering price
of at least $6.98 per share or upon the written consent of the holders of more
than 50% of the then outstanding shares of Series A, Series B, Series C or
Series D preferred stock voting as separate classes. The conversion rate is one
share of common stock for one share of preferred stock (subject to certain
adjustments).
LIQUIDATION
In the event of liquidation or sale of the Company, Series A, Series B,
Series C and Series D preferred stock have preference over common stock in the
amount of $1.16, $2.33, $3.49 and $4.65, respectively, in addition to any
declared and unpaid dividends. The remaining assets of the Company shall be
distributed on a pro rata basis to the holders of Series A, Series B, Series C
and Series D preferred stock and common stock until holders of Series A,
Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock have received an amount equal to
$2.33, $4.65, $6.98 and $9.30 per share outstanding, respectively, including the
preferences disclosed above, at which time the remaining assets shall be
distributed on a pro rata basis to holders of common stock.
8. STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
STOCK OPTIONS
The Company has reserved 2,504,750 shares of common stock for sale to
employees, directors and consultants under its 1993 Stock Option Plan (the
"Plan"). Under the Plan, options may be granted at prices not lower than 85% and
100% of the fair market value of the common stock for nonstatutory and statutory
stock options, respectively. Options are exercisable when granted and such
unvested shares are subject to repurchase upon termination of employment. Should
the employment of the holders of common stock subject to repurchase terminate
prior to full vesting of the outstanding shares, the Company may repurchase all
unvested shares at a price per share equal to the original exercise price. At
December 31, 1999, a total of 391,873 shares of common stock were subject to
repurchase by the Company at a weighted average price of $0.65 per share.
Unexercised options generally expire ten years from the date of grant (five
years for incentive stock options granted to holders of more than 10% of the
Company's common stock).
F-16
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
8. STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS (CONTINUED)
Activity under the Plan was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING WEIGHTED
SHARES -------------------------------------- AVERAGE
AVAILABLE NUMBER OF PRICE PER AGGREGATE EXERCISE
FOR GRANT SHARES SHARE PRICE PRICE
---------- --------- ------------- ---------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balances, December 31, 1996......... 378,286 211,775 $0.12-$0.23 $ 41,250 $0.20
Shares reserved for the Plan...... 881,500
Options granted................... (848,986) 848,986 $0.23-$0.35 291,483 0.34
Options canceled.................. 65,610 (65,610) $0.12-$0.23 (12,087) 0.19
Options exercised................. -- (59,232) $0.12-$0.35 (11,546) 0.20
---------- --------- ------------- ---------- -----
Balances, December 31, 1997......... 476,410 935,919 $0.12-$0.35 309,100 0.33
Shares reserved for the Plan...... 182,750
Options granted................... (532,555) 532,555 $0.35-$1.16 382,000 0.72
Options canceled.................. 41,592 (41,592) $0.35-$1.16 (31,875) 0.76
Options exercised................. -- (987,873) $0.35-$1.16 (386,295) 0.39
---------- --------- ------------- ---------- -----
Balances, December 31, 1998......... 168,197 439,009 $0.12-$1.16 272,930 0.62
Shares reserved for the Plan...... 516,000
Options granted................... (504,605) 504,605 $1.16 586,750 1.16
Options canceled/shares
repurchased..................... 402,630 (43,940) $0.23-$1.16 (30,225) 0.69
Options exercised................. -- (338,287) $0.23-$1.16 (366,155) 1.08
---------- --------- ------------- ---------- -----
Balances, December 31, 1999......... 582,222 561,387 $0.12-$1.16 463,300 0.83
Shares reserved for the Plan...... 817,000
Options granted................... (1,367,830) 1,367,830 $3.49 4,771,500 3.49
Options canceled/shares
repurchased..................... 80,500 (62,168) $0.23-$3.49 (98,509) 1.58
Options exercised................. -- (322,037) $0.23-$3.49 (535,133) 1.66
---------- --------- ------------- ---------- -----
Balances, June 30, 2000
(unaudited)....................... 111,892 1,545,012 $0.12-$3.49 $4,601,158 $2.98
========== ========= ============= ========== =====
</TABLE>
The options outstanding and currently exercisable by exercise price at
December 31, 1999 were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE
-------------------------------------
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE WEIGHTED
REMAINING AVERAGE
NUMBER CONTRACTUAL EXERCISE
EXERCISE PRICE OUTSTANDING LIFE PRICE
-------------- ----------- ----------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
$0.12........................................ 17,200 4.2 years $0.12
$0.23........................................ 66,005 6.5 years $0.23
$0.35........................................ 135,235 7.5 years $0.35
$1.16........................................ 342,947 9.1 years $1.16
-------
561,387 $0.83
=======
</TABLE>
F-17
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
8. STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS (CONTINUED)
FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES
The Company applies the measurement principles of APB 25 in accounting for
its stock option plans. Had compensation expense for options granted been
determined based on fair value at the grant date as prescribed by SFAS No. 123,
the Company's net loss per share attributable to common stockholders would have
increased to the pro forma amounts indicated below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net loss attributable to common stockholders:
As reported..................................... $(6,005) $(8,052) $(8,046)
======= ======= =======
Pro forma....................................... $(6,217) $(8,256) $(8,481)
======= ======= =======
Basic and diluted net loss attributable to common
stockholder per share:
As reported..................................... $ (2.07) $ (1.62) $ (1.26)
======= ======= =======
Pro forma....................................... $ (2.14) $ (1.67) $ (1.33)
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
The value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the
minimum value method with the following weighted assumptions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Risk-free interest rate......................... 6.2% 5.4% 5.6%
Expected average life........................... 5 years 5 years 5 years
Expected dividends.............................. -- -- --
</TABLE>
The expected average life is based on the assumption that stock options on
average are exercised 5 years after they are granted. The risk-free interest
rate was calculated in accordance with the grant date and expected average life.
The weighted-average fair value of options granted during the years ended
December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 was $0.070, $0.163 and $0.256 per share,
respectively.
DEFERRED STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
During the period from April 1997 through June 30, 2000, the Company
recorded $20.3 million of deferred stock compensation in accordance with
APB 25, SFAS 123 and Emerging Issues Task Force 96-18, related to stock options
granted to consultants and employees. For options granted to consultants, the
Company determined the fair value of the options using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model with the following assumptions: expected lives of five years;
weighted average risk-free rate between 5.4% and 6.2%; expected dividend yield
of zero percent; volatility of 50% and deemed values of common stock between
$0.70 and $14.67 per share. Stock compensation expense is being recognized in
accordance with FIN 28, an accelerated amortization method, over the vesting
periods of the related options, generally five years. The Company recognized
stock compensation expense of $0.1 million, $0.9 million, $1.3 million and
$3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 and the six
months ended June 30, 2000, respectively.
F-18
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
8. STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS (CONTINUED)
The allocation of stock-based compensation expense by functional area was as
follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED SIX MONTHS
DECEMBER 31, ENDED JUNE 30,
------------------------------ -------------------
1997 1998 1999 1999 2000
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Cost of revenue.......................... $ 1 $ 2 $ 39 $ 14 $ 72
Research and development................. 44 167 206 73 605
Sales and marketing...................... 5 33 476 168 527
General and administrative............... 69 678 623 221 2,342
---- ---- ------ ---- ------
Total stock-based compensation....... $119 $880 $1,344 $476 $3,546
==== ==== ====== ==== ======
</TABLE>
WARRANTS
In 1995, the Company issued warrants with lives ranging from three to five
years to four shareholders and eight-year warrants to an equipment financing
company to purchase an aggregate 34,687 and 37,840 shares of Series B preferred
stock, respectively, for $2.33 per share, the fair market value at the dates of
grant. Of the 34,687 warrants, 10,750 expired in 1998 and the remaining 23,937
were exercised in 1999. During 1996, the Company issued five-year warrants to
two shareholders to purchase an aggregate of 96,750 shares of Series B preferred
stock for $2.33 per share, the fair market value at the date of grant. The value
of the warrants using the Black-Scholes valuation model was not material.
In 1997, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 8,600
shares of Series C preferred stock for $3.49 per share, the fair market value at
the date of grant to an equipment lender. The warrants expire in
September 2007. Also in 1997, the Company issued warrants to an equipment lender
to purchase an aggregate 16,512 shares of Series C preferred shares for $2.91
per share. These warrants were exercised in March 2000. The Company also issued
warrants to an accounts receivable lender to purchase an aggregate 10,750 shares
of Series C preferred shares for $3.49 per share. The warrants expire in
November 2004. The value of the warrants using the Black-Scholes valuation model
was not material.
In 1998, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 411 shares
of Series D preferred stock for $4.65 per share, the fair market value at the
date of grant to an equipment lender. The warrants expire in August 2008. Also
in 1998, the Company issued five-year warrants in conjunction with the issuance
of Series D preferred stock bridge loans, to purchase an aggregate 70,950 shares
of Series D preferred stock for $4.65 per share. The warrants issued had a fair
value of approximately $188,000 at the time of issuance, based on a calculation
using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of these warrants is
reflected as a discount on the debt and accreted as interest expense to be
amortized over the life of the debt. The loans were converted to Series D in
1998 and their note discount was taken to interest expense. At December 31,
1999, 241,813 warrants were outstanding to purchase 134,590, 35,862 and 71,361
shares of Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock, respectively. For
additional warrant activities, see Note 14, subsequent events.
F-19
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
9. INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method. Under this
method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the
difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and
liabilities using the current tax laws and rates. Valuation allowances are
established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected
to be realized.
At December 31, 1999, the Company had federal and state net operating loss
carryforwards of approximately $21,053,000 and $10,859,000, respectively,
available to offset future taxable income. The operating loss carryforwards and
credits expire between 2002 and 2019, if not utilized. For federal and state tax
purposes, a portion of the Company's net operating loss carryforwards may be
subject to certain limitations on utilization in case of a change in ownership,
as defined by federal and state tax law.
Temporary differences which give rise to significant portions of deferred
tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 1998 and 1999 were as follows (in
thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets and liabilities:
Net operating loss carryforwards........................ $ 5,622 $ 7,579
Research and development credits........................ 624 935
Depreciation and amortization........................... 293 375
Other................................................... 162 417
------- -------
Total deferred tax assets............................. 6,701 9,306
Less: Valuation allowance................................. (6,701) (9,306)
------- -------
Net deferred tax asset.................................... $ -- $ --
======= =======
</TABLE>
Based on the evidence currently available, the Company has established a
full valuation allowance because at this time it appears more likely than not
that no benefit will be realized for its deferred tax assets.
10. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
The Company maintains the Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan for
its U.S. employees. This Plan allows eligible employees to defer up to 20%,
subject to the Internal Revenue Service annual contribution limit, of their
pretax compensation in certain investments at the discretion of the employee.
Under the Plan, the Company is not required to make Plan contributions. The
Company had not made any contributions to the Plan as of December 31, 1999.
11. ACQUISITIONS
On April 7, 1997, the Company acquired all the outstanding stock of
IllumeSys Pacific, Inc. ("IllumeSys") and 5% of Ciphergen Technologies, Inc.
("CTI"). The total purchase price was approximately $737,000 which consisted of
2,113,767 shares of the Company's common stock. The acquisition was accounted
for under the purchase accounting method and, accordingly, the purchase price
was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities
assumed on the basis of their fair values on the acquisition date.
F-20
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
11. ACQUISITIONS (CONTINUED)
IllumeSys was an operating company with six employees. CTI was not an
operating company. Both IllumeSys and CTI held sublicense rights to proprietary
technology developed at and owned by the Baylor College of Medicine, and
exclusively licensed to Molecular Analytical Systems, Inc. ("MAS"). The
sublicenses from MAS to IllumeSys and CTI contained exclusive rights to make,
use and sell instruments, devices and non-drug consumables covered by the Baylor
technology to different life science and drug discovery laboratory markets
worldwide. The 5% interest in CTI was accounted for as goodwill ($10,000) and is
being amortized over five years from April 1997.
The excess of purchase price over the net assets of IllumeSys were assembled
workforce of $183,000 which is being amortized over three years beginning April
1997 and goodwill of $775,000, which is being amortized over five years
beginning April 1997.
The purchase price allocation was based on the estimated fair value of
IllumeSys' and CTI's tangible and intangible assets less liabilities at
April 7, 1997. The allocation follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Property and equipment, IllumeSys........................... $ 118
Total liabilities, IllumeSys................................ (349)
Assembled workforce, IllumeSys.............................. 183
Goodwill, CTI............................................... 10
Goodwill, IllumeSys......................................... 775
-----
$ 737
=====
</TABLE>
Under an employment agreement signed as part of the acquisition, the Company
had a contingent obligation to issue an additional 2,113,767 shares of common
stock to the owners of IllumeSys contingent upon the continued service of a
certain key employee. As of December 31, 1997, 469,726 shares had been issued
and $164,000 had been recorded as research and development expense. The
remainder of that contingent obligation was then accelerated in conjunction with
an employee separation agreement and $1.7 million was charged to research and
development expense in July 1998.
On July 28, 1998, the Company acquired the remaining 95% of the outstanding
stock of CTI. The total purchase price was $537,500 which consisted of 462,250
shares of the Company's common stock. The acquisition was accounted for under
the purchase accounting method and accordingly, the purchase price was allocated
to the intangible asset acquired. The purchase of the remaining 95% of CTI in
July 1998 was accounted for as goodwill and is being amortized over 44 months
through March 2002, the same ending date as the five-year amortization period
for goodwill in the IllumeSys transaction.
12. RELATED PARTIES
At December 31, 1999, the Company had two notes receivable totaling $230,000
from an officer, with an imputed interest rate of 6.0%. The notes are repayable
on or before December 30, 2003. Additionally, the Company has various notes
receivable from stockholders in the aggregate amount of approximately $488,000
related to the early exercise of stock options. These notes have five year
terms, bear interest between 5.59% and 6.85% and are collateralized by the
underlying stock and other personal assets. All notes receivable related to the
early exercise of options become due immediately upon termination of employment.
F-21
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
12. RELATED PARTIES (CONTINUED)
During the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, the Company recorded
revenue in the amount of $625,000 and $882,000, respectively, on sales to
related parties. These sales were transactions related to the sale of equipment
to companies who held minority investments in the Company. Additionally, the
Company recorded approximately $31,000 of other income for services performed
under the Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K. distribution and marketing agreement.
13. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has adopted SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an
Enterprise and Related Information" effective December 31, 1998. SFAS 131
establishes standards for disclosure about operating segments and related
disclosures about products and services, geographic areas and major customers.
Comparative information has been provided for prior years. The Company operates
in one business segment. The Company sells its products and systems directly to
customers in the United States and Europe, and through a distributor in Asia.
Revenue for geographic regions reported below are based upon the customers'
locations. Long-lived assets, predominately property and equipment, are reported
based on the location of the assets. Following is a summary of the geographic
information related to revenues, long-lived assets and information related to
significant customers for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
REVENUE
North America............................................... $1,163 $1,926 $3,142
Europe...................................................... 120 643 1,320
Asia (related party)........................................ -- 364 548
------ ------ ------
TOTAL..................................................... $1,283 $2,933 $5,010
====== ====== ======
LONG-LIVED ASSETS
North America............................................... $ 914 $ 789 $ 777
Europe...................................................... -- 2 90
------ ------ ------
TOTAL..................................................... $ 914 $ 791 $ 867
====== ====== ======
SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS
REVENUE
Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K................................... -- 12% 11%
====== ====== ======
</TABLE>
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
As of December 31, 1998 and 1999, six and seven customers accounted for 97%
and 94% of accounts receivable, respectively.
The Company does not segregate information related to operating income
generated by its export sales.
F-22
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
FACILITIES LEASE
In February 2000, the Company signed an eight year lease for a new facility.
The lease expires in March 2008 and future rental commitments totaled $8,271,000
on the date the lease was signed.
DANISH SUBSIDIARY
In February 2000, the Company established a new subsidiary in Denmark,
Ciphergen Biosystems A/S. The subsidiary will carry out both research and sales
and marketing activities.
SERIES E CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
In March 2000, the Company issued 4,468,070 shares of Series E preferred
stock ("Series E") at $6.395 per share resulting in net cash proceeds of
$26.9 million. The difference between the conversion price and the fair market
value per share of the common stock on the transaction date resulted in a
beneficial conversion feature of $26.6 million which has been reflected as a
preferred stock dividend in the June 30, 2000 consolidated interim financial
statements. Each share of Series E has voting rights equal to the number of
shares of common stock into which such share is convertible. Holders of
Series E are entitled to receive annual dividends of $0.51 per share, when and
if declared by the Board of Directors, on a PARI PASSU basis with the holders of
Series A, Series B, Series C and Series D preferred stock, and prior to the
common stock. The Series E preferred stock is convertible at any time into
common stock at a one-for-one exchange ratio. Such conversion is automatic upon
the effective date of an initial public offering of at least $10.0 million
provided the public offering price is at least $12.79 per share. In the event of
any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of
Series E are entitled to receive an amount equal to $6.395 per share, plus any
declared but unpaid dividends. In connection with the Series E financing, the
Company issued the underwriter warrants to purchase 63,053 shares of Series E
preferred stock for $6.395 per share. The warrants, which terminate in February
2005, have a fair value of $8.32 per share based on a calculation using the
Black-Scholes valuation model at the time of issuance. The aggregate amount
allocated to the warrants based on the relative value of the warrants to the
Series E preferred stock was $213,000. In March 2000, the underwriters exercised
the 63,053 warrants. The resulting difference between the exercise price and
fair market value resulted in an additional beneficial conversion feature of
$542,000 on the date these warrants were exercised.
REINCORPORATION
Effective June 21, 2000, the Company reincorporated in the State of
Delaware.
STOCK SPLIT
On August , 2000 the board of directors approved a 0.43-for-1 reverse
stock split of the common and preferred stock. Stockholders' approval of the
reverse stock split was obtained on 2000. All share and per share
amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial
statements have been adjusted retroactively.
F-23
<PAGE>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (CONTINUED)
STOCK PLANS
In April 2000, the stockholders approved the 2000 Stock Plan and the 2000
Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The 2000 Stock Plan provides for up to 1,075,000
shares of stock option grants. The 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan provides
for up to 215,000 shares of stock purchases by employees.
In June 2000, 25,800 shares of Series B convertible preferred stock were
issued for services received and in connection with established milestones. The
value of these services $379,000, based on the value of the Series B convertible
preferred stock on the date the milestone was reached, has been included as a
component of research and development expense.
In March and April 2000, warrants to purchase 181,153 shares of Series B, C,
D and E convertible preferred stock were exercised for total proceeds of
$811,000.
LINE OF CREDIT
In June 2000, the Company extended its line of credit with a commercial bank
through August 2000. The terms of the agreement were substantially the same as
the terms in the original agreement (Note 5).
CONTINGENCIES
The Company is currently party to two legal proceedings: (1) CIPHERGEN
BIOSYSTEMS, INC., CIPHERGEN TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND ILLUMESYS PACIFIC, INC. V.
MOLECULAR ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS, INC., LUMICYTE, INC. The proceeding was instituted
on July 12, 2000 in the Superior Court of the State of California. Molecular
Analytical Systems, Inc., or MAS, accused the Company of a material breach of
certain Technology Transfer Agreements relating to SELDI technology, and
threatened to terminate those agreements unless the Company cures the alleged
breach. In particular, MAS has claimed that the Company's business activities
including the continued marketing and sale of SELDI information and services to
research laboratories and other customers, are a material breach of the
technology transfer agreements. In the pending action, the Company is seeking a
declaration from the court that its activities do not constitute a material
breach, an injunction preventing MAS from terminating the licenses provided by
the agreements and other relief. MAS has agreed to toll its notices purporting
to terminate the license agreements pending the conclusion of this litigation.
The parties have also agreed to a 60 day stay of the litigation, during which
the parties have agreed to attempt to resolve their differences.
MOLECULAR ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS, INC. V. CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS. The proceeding
was filed December 9, 1999 in the United States Trademark Trial and Appeal
Board. The Company has applied for registration of the term "SELDI" as a
trademark. MAS has opposed registration of the trademark and is seeking to have
the trademark registered in its name, instead.
Although the ultimate outcome of these matters is not presently
determinable, management believes that the resolution of all such pending
matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated
financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
F-24
<PAGE>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHARES
[CIPHGERGEN LOGO]
COMMON STOCK
---------------------
PROSPECTUS
---------------------
SG COWEN
ING BARINGS
UBS WARBURG LLC
, 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 13. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION.
The following table sets forth all expenses to be paid by the Registrant,
other than the underwriting discounts and commissions payable by the Registrant
in connection with the sale of the common stock being registered. All amounts
shown are estimates except for the registration fee and the NASD filing fee.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AMOUNT TO BE PAID
-----------------
<S> <C>
Registration fee............................................ $ 22,770
NASD filing fee............................................. 9,125
Nasdaq National Market listing fee.......................... 95,000
Blue sky qualification fees and expenses.................... 10,000
Printing and engraving expenses............................. 300,000
Legal fees and expenses..................................... 500,000
Accounting fees and expenses................................ 400,000
Transfer agent and registrar fees........................... 25,000
Miscellaneous expenses...................................... 138,105
----------
Total................................................... $1,500,000
==========
</TABLE>
ITEM 14. INDEMNIFICATION OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS.
Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law permits indemnification
of officers, directors and other corporate agents under certain circumstances
and subject to certain limitations. The Registrant's certificate of
incorporation and bylaws provide that the Registrant shall indemnify its
directors, officers, employees and agents to the full extent permitted by
Delaware General Corporation Law, including in circumstances in which
indemnification is otherwise discretionary under Delaware law. In addition, the
Registrant intends to enter into separate indemnification agreements with its
directors, officers and certain employees that would require the Registrant,
among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise
by reason of their status or service (other than liabilities arising from
willful misconduct of a culpable nature).
These indemnification provisions and the indemnification agreements to be
entered into between the Registrant and its officers and directors may be
sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of the Registrant's officers and
directors for liabilities (including reimbursement of expenses incurred) arising
under the Securities Act.
The Registrant intends to obtain in conjunction with the effectiveness of
the Registration Statement a policy of directors' and officers' liability
insurance that insures the Registrant's directors and officers against the cost
of defense, settlement or payment of a judgment under certain circumstances.
The underwriting agreement filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Registration
Statement provides for indemnification by the underwriters of the Registrant and
its officers and directors for certain liabilities arising under the Securities
Act, or otherwise.
ITEM 15. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES.
Except as otherwise noted, we have issued and sold the following securities
within the last three years and through July 31, 2000:
On June 2, 2000 we issued 25,800 shares of our Series B preferred stock to
Stanford Research Systems under the terms of a product development agreement.
II-1
<PAGE>
On April 7, 1997 and March 3, 1998, we sold an aggregate of 1,259,779 shares
of our Series C preferred stock at a price of $3.49 per share to eight investors
and their affiliates.
On July 28, 1998, September 30, 1998, and January 2, 1999, we sold an
aggregate of 2,904,526 shares of our Series D Preferred Stock at a price of
$4.65 per share to 20 investors and their affiliates.
On March 3, 2000 and March 3 and 8, 2000, we sold an aggregate of 4,468,070
shares of our Series E preferred stock at a price of $6.40 per share to 43
investors and their affiliates.
In connection with our financing activities we issued warrants to investors
and lenders as follows: in 1997 we issued warrants to purchase 16,512 shares of
Series C preferred stock at $2.91 per share and 19,350 shares of Series C
preferred stock at $3.49 per share; in 1998 we issued warrants to purchase
71,361 shares of Series D preferred stock at $4.65 per share; and in 2000 we
issued warrants to purchase 63,053 shares of Series E preferred stock at $6.40
per share.
We issued 23,392 shares of our Series A preferred stock in 1998, at an
exercise price per share of $1.16, pursuant to the exercise of warrants issued
in connection with our original issuance of our Series A preferred stock.
We issued 72,312 shares of our Series B preferred stock in 1999 and 2000, at
an exercise price per share of $2.33, pursuant to the exercise of warrants
issued in connection with our original issuance of our Series B preferred stock.
We issued 16,512 shares of our Series C preferred stock in 2000, at an
exercise price per share of $2.91, pursuant to the exercise of warrants issued
in connection with an equipment loan from William R. Green.
We issued 53,212 shares of our Series D preferred stock in 2000 at an
exercise price per share of $4.65 pursuant to the exercise of warrants issued in
connection with original issuance of our Series D preferred stock.
We issued 63,053 shares of our Series E preferred stock in 2000 at an
exercise price per share of $6.40 to SG Cowen Securities Corporation, pursuant
to the exercise of warrants issued in connection with original issuance of our
Series E preferred stock.
Since our inception, we have granted options to purchase 3,815,772 shares of
our common stock to employees, directors and consultants under our 1993 Stock
Option Plan at exercise prices ranging from $0.02 to $3.49 per share. Of the
3,815,772 options granted; 1,542,603 remain outstanding, 1,664,844 shares of
common stock have been purchased pursuant to exercises of stock options and
options to acquire 608,325 shares have been cancelled and became available for
grant under our 1993 Stock Option Plan. Of the 1,664,845 shares purchased,
409,700 shares were subject to repurchase.
The sales and issuances of securities in the transactions described above
were deemed to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance
upon Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, Regulation D promulgated thereunder or
Rule 701 promulgated under Section 3(b) of the Securities Act, as transactions
by an issuer not involving any public offering or transactions pursuant to
compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation as provided
under Rule 701. The recipients of securities in each transaction represented
their intentions to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a
view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof and appropriate
legends were affixed to the securities issued in such transactions. All
recipients either received adequate information about us or had access, through
their employment or other relationships with us, to adequate information about
us.
Volpe Brown Whelan & Company acted as placement agent in connection with our
private placement of our Series D preferred stock and received compensation for
its services as placement agent. SG Cowen Securities Corporation acted as
placement agent in connection with our private placement of our Series E
preferred stock and received compensation for its services as placement agent.
There were no other underwriters employed in connection with any of the
transactions set forth in Item 15.
II-2
<PAGE>
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
(a) EXHIBITS.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT
--------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
<C> <S>
1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement
3.1** Form of Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of
Registrant prior to completion of this offering
3.2 Form of Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant to be
effective upon completion of this offering
3.3** Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant prior to
completion of this offering
3.4 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant to be effective
upon completion of this offering
4.1 Form of Registrant's Common Stock Certificate
5.1* Opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C., regarding
legality of the securities being issued
10.1** Form of Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement
10.2** Fourth Amended and Restated Investors Rights Agreement dated
March 3, 2000
10.3** 1993 Stock Option Plan
10.4 Form of Stock Option Agreement
10.5 2000 Stock Plan and related form of Stock Option Agreement
10.6 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
10.7 401(k) Plan
10.8** Form of Warrant
10.9 Form of Proprietary Information Agreement between the
Registrant and certain of its employees
10.10 Lease Agreement dated March 15, 1996 between Nearon
Enterprises, LLC and Registrant and amendments thereto
10.11 Lease Agreement dated March 20, 1996, between Nearon
Enterprises LLC and Registrant and amendments thereto
10.12 Lease Agreement dated January 28, 2000, between the
Registrant and John Arrillaga, Trustee of the John
Arrillaga Survivor's Trust and Richard T. Peery, Trustee
of the Richard T. Peery Separate Property Trust
10.13 Employment Agreement dated as of August 24, 2000 between
William E. Rich and the Registrant
10.23 MAS License Agreement with IllumeSys Pacific, Inc.
10.24 MAS License agreement with Ciphergen Technologies, Inc.
(formerly ISP Acquisition Corporation)
10.25** Joint Venture Agreement between Registrant and Sumitomo
Corporation
10.26** Distribution and Marketing Agreement between Registrant and
Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K.
10.27** Joint Development Agreement between Registrant and Stanford
Research Systems, Inc., dated as of February 2, 1995 and
amendment thereto.
21.1 Subsidiaries of Registrant
23.1* Consent of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C. (included
in Exhibit 5.1)
23.2 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent
Accountants
24.1** Power of Attorney
27.1 Financial Data Schedule
</TABLE>
------------------------
* to be filed by amendment
** previously filed
II-3
<PAGE>
(b) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Report of Independent Accountants........................... S-1
Schedule II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts.............. S-2
</TABLE>
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the Underwriters
at the closing specified in the Underwriting Agreement certificates in such
denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to
permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification by the Registrant for liabilities arising under
the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions referenced in Item 14 of
this Registration Statement or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that
in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy
as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the
event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the
payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer,
or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action,
suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person
in connection with the securities being registered hereunder, the Registrant
will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by
controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the
question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication
of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the
information omitted from the form of Prospectus filed as part of this
Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of
prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h)
under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this Registration
Statement as of the time it was declared effective; and
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act,
each post-effective amendment that contains a form of Prospectus shall be deemed
to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein,
and the offering of such securities at the time shall be deemed to be the
initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-4
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant
has duly caused this Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1
to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in
Fremont, California, on the 24th day of August 2000.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
By: /s/ WILLIAM E. RICH
-----------------------------------------
William E. Rich
PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
</TABLE>
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Amendment
No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 has been signed by the following
persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
<C> <S> <C>
/s/ WILLIAM E. RICH President and Chief Executive
------------------------------------ Officer, and Director August 24, 2000
William E. Rich (PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER)
Chief Financial Officer and
* Corporate Controller
------------------------------------ (PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING August 24, 2000
Daniel M. Caserza OFFICER)
*
------------------------------------ Director August 24, 2000
John A. Young
*
------------------------------------ Director August 24, 2000
Michael J. Callaghan
*
------------------------------------ Director August 24, 2000
Barbara J. Dalton
*
------------------------------------ Director August 24, 2000
Jean-Francois Formela
*
------------------------------------ Director August 24, 2000
William R. Green
*
------------------------------------ Director August 24, 2000
James L. Rathmann
*
------------------------------------ Director August 24, 2000
Daniel Vapnek
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
*By: /s/ WILLIAM E. RICH
-------------------------------
William E. Rich
ATTORNEY-IN-FACT
</TABLE>
II-5
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS ON
FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
To the Board of Directors
of Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc.:
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements referred to in our report
dated March 6, 2000, except for Note 14 for which the date is August , 2000,
appearing in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Ciphergen Biosystems,
Inc. also included an audit of the financial statement schedule listed in
Item 16(b) of this Registration Statement. In our opinion, the financial
statement schedule presents fairly, in all material respects, the information
set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated
financial statements.
/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
San Jose, California
March 6, 2000
S-1
<PAGE>
SCHEDULE II
CIPHERGEN BIOSYSTEMS, INC.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997, 1998 AND 1999
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
BALANCE
BALANCE AT ADDITIONS AT END
BEGINNING CHARGED TO OTHER OF
OF YEAR EARNINGS DEDUCTIONS CHARGES PERIOD
---------- ---------- ---------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS:
31-Dec-99............................... $ 40 $ 60 $ -- $ -- $ 100
31-Dec-98............................... -- 40 -- -- 40
31-Dec-97............................... -- -- -- -- --
INVENTORY RESERVE:
31-Dec-99............................... $ 206 $ 40 $ -- $ (177)(1) $ 69
31-Dec-98............................... 134 117 -- (45)(2) 206
31-Dec-97............................... 15 74 -- 45 (2) 134
DEFERRED TAX VALUATION ALLOWANCE:
31-Dec-99............................... $6,701 $2,605 $ -- $ -- $9,306
31-Dec-98............................... 4,966 1,735 -- -- 6,701
31-Dec-97............................... 2,709 2,257 -- -- 4,966
WARRANTY RESERVE:
31-Dec-99............................... $ 43 $ 109 $ 91 $ -- $ 61
31-Dec-98............................... -- (2) -- 45 (2) 43
31-Dec-97............................... -- 45 -- (45)(2) --
</TABLE>
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(1) Represents a reclassification between demo reserve and inventory reserve.
(2) Represents a reclassification between inventory reserve and warranty
reserve.
S-2
<PAGE>
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBITS
---------------------
<S> <C> <C>
1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement
3.1** Form of Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of
Registrant prior to completion of this offering
3.2 Form of Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant to be
effective upon completion of this offering
3.3** Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant prior to
completion of this offering
3.4 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant to be effective
upon completion of this offering
4.1 Form of Registrant's Common Stock Certificate
5.1* Opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C., regarding
legality of the securities being issued
10.1** Form of Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement
10.2** Fourth Amended and Restated Investors Rights Agreement dated
March 3, 2000
10.3** 1993 Stock Option Plan
10.4 Form of Stock Option Agreement
10.5 2000 Stock Plan and related form of Stock Option Agreement
10.6 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
10.7 401(k) Plan
10.8** Form of Warrant
10.9 Form of Proprietary Information Agreement between the
Registrant and certain of its employees
10.10 Lease Agreement dated March 15, 1996 between Nearon
Enterprises, LLC and Registrant and amendments thereto
10.11 Lease Agreement dated March 20, 1996, between Nearon
Enterprises LLC and Registrant and amendments thereto
10.12 Lease Agreement dated January 28, 2000, between the
Registrant and John Arrillaga, Trustee of the John
Arrillaga Survivor's Trust and Richard T. Peery, Trustee
of the Richard T. Peery Separate Property Trust
10.13 Employment Agreement dated as of August 24, 2000, between
William E. Rich and the Registrant
10.23 MAS License Agreement with IllumeSys Pacific, Inc.
10.24 MAS License agreement with Ciphergen Technologies, Inc.
(formerly ISP Acquisition Corporation)
10.25** Joint Venture Agreement between Registrant and Sumitomo
Corporation
10.26** Distribution and Marketing Agreement between Registrant and
Ciphergen Biosystems, K.K.
10.27** Joint Development Agreement between Registrant and Stanford
Research Systems, Inc., dated as of February 2, 1995 and
amendment thereto.
21.1 Subsidiaries of Registrant
23.1* Consent of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C. (included
in Exhibit 5.1)
23.2 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent
Accountants
24.1** Power of Attorney
27.1 Financial Data Schedule
</TABLE>
------------------------
* to be filed by amendment
** previously filed
