<PAGE> 1
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON JANUARY 28, 2000.
REGISTRATION NO. 333-
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
------------------------
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
DELAWARE 77-0208119
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NO.)
</TABLE>
2800 BAYVIEW DRIVE
FREMONT, CA 94538
(510) 657-5900
(ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA
CODE, OF REGISTRANT'S PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
BRAD MATTSON
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC.
2800 BAYVIEW DRIVE
FREMONT, CALIFORNIA 94538
(510) 657-5900
(NAME, ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER,
INCLUDING AREA CODE, OF AGENT FOR SERVICE)
COPIES TO:
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<S> <C>
BRADLEY J. ROCK, ESQ. J. ROBERT SUFFOLETTA, ESQ.
LISA A. MONDORI, ESQ. ROBERT DAY, ESQ.
SALLY J. RAU, ESQ. WILSON SONSINI GOODRICH & ROSATI,
GRAY CARY WARE & FREIDENRICH LLP PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION
400 HAMILTON AVENUE 650 PAGE MILL ROAD
PALO ALTO, CA 94301 PALO ALTO, CA 94304
</TABLE>
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APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC:
As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following
box. [ ]
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest
reinvestment plans, check the following box. [ ]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [ ]
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [ ]
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
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PROPOSED MAXIMUM PROPOSED MAXIMUM
TITLE OF EACH CLASS OF AMOUNT TO BE OFFERING PRICE AGGREGATE OFFERING AMOUNT OF
SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED REGISTERED PER SHARE(1) PRICE REGISTRATION FEE
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Common Stock, ($0.001 par
value)...................... 3,450,000(2) $34.3125 $118,378,125 $31,252
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</TABLE>
(1) Estimated pursuant to Rule 457(c) solely for the purpose of computing the
registration fee and based on the average of the high and low trading prices
of the common stock of Mattson Technology, Inc. as reported on the Nasdaq
National Market on January 26, 2000.
(2) Includes 450,000 shares subject to the underwriters' overallotment option.
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL
FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION
STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF
THE SECURITIES ACT OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON
SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SUCH SECTION 8(a), MAY
DETERMINE.
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<PAGE> 2
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE
MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH
THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS
NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND WE ARE NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER
TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT
PERMITTED.
PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)
Issued January 28, 2000
3,000,000 Shares
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY LOGO
COMMON STOCK
-------------------------
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. IS OFFERING 3,000,000 SHARES OF ITS COMMON STOCK.
-------------------------
OUR COMMON STOCK IS LISTED ON THE NASDAQ NATIONAL MARKET UNDER THE SYMBOL
"MTSN." ON JANUARY 26, 2000 THE REPORTED LAST SALE PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK ON
THE NASDAQ NATIONAL MARKET WAS $35 11/16 PER SHARE.
-------------------------
INVESTING IN OUR COMMON STOCK INVOLVES RISKS. SEE "RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING ON
PAGE 6.
-------------------------
PRICE $ A SHARE
-------------------------
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<CAPTION>
UNDERWRITING
PRICE TO DISCOUNTS AND PROCEEDS TO
PUBLIC COMMISSIONS MATTSON
-------- ------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Per Share...................................... $ $ $
Total.......................................... $ $ $
</TABLE>
Mattson has granted the underwriters the right to purchase up to an additional
450,000 shares to cover over-allotments.
The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have not
approved or disapproved these securities, or determined if this prospectus is
truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated expects to deliver the shares to purchasers on
, 2000.
-------------------------
MORGAN STANLEY DEAN WITTER
CHASE H&Q
BEAR, STEARNS & CO. INC.
NEEDHAM & COMPANY, INC.
SOUNDVIEW TECHNOLOGY GROUP
, 2000
<PAGE> 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PAGE
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<S> <C>
Prospectus Summary.................. 4
Risk Factors........................ 6
Use of Proceeds..................... 16
Dividend Policy..................... 16
Price Range of Common Stock......... 16
Capitalization...................... 17
Selected Consolidated Financial
Data.............................. 18
Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations..................... 19
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
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PAGE
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Business............................ 28
Management.......................... 43
Description of Capital Stock........ 45
Underwriters........................ 47
Legal Matters....................... 49
Experts............................. 49
Where You Can Find More
Information....................... 49
Information Incorporated By
Reference......................... 49
Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements........................ F-1
</TABLE>
-------------------------
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We
have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that
contained in this prospectus. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to
buy, shares of our common stock only in those jurisdictions where offers and
sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate
only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of
this prospectus or of any sale of our common stock.
We use the following trademarks of Mattson Technology in this prospectus:
Mattson, the Mattson logo, Aspen, Aspen CVD, Aspen RTP(FR3), Aspen LiteEtch,
ICP(SM) and EpiPro. All other trademarks, servicemarks or tradenames referred to
in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.
3
<PAGE> 4
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
You should read the following summary together with the more detailed
information regarding our company and the common stock being sold in this
offering and our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing
elsewhere in this prospectus.
We are a leading supplier of advanced, high productivity semiconductor
processing equipment used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. We provide
our customers with semiconductor manufacturing equipment that delivers high
productivity and advanced process capability. In addition, through our
international technical support organization and comprehensive warranty program,
we provide world class customer support. Nearly all of our tools are built on a
single platform, known as the Aspen system. Each tool in the Aspen system shares
the same principal architecture, including the main mechanical design, robotics,
systems software, wafer handling interfaces and wafer flow design. Our Aspen
platform is designed to deliver high throughput and low cost of ownership,
enhancing the ability of manufacturers to achieve productivity gains.
Our product offerings include:
- photoresist stripping systems that remove photoresist and residue from
semiconductor wafers after photolithography and other processing steps
such as etch;
- isotropic etching systems that perform a variety of etch processes on
semiconductor wafers;
- plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition systems that deposit
insulating, or conducting films on semiconductor wafers;
- rapid thermal processing systems that heat semiconductor wafers during
the manufacturing process; and
- epitaxial processing systems that deposit a thin silicon film on to
semiconductor wafers.
Our systems offer improvements in wafer manufacturing productivity and
throughput over conventional single wafer systems and cluster tools. Our unique
multi-station, multi-chamber architecture significantly increases throughput
without sacrificing process control. Our systems also provide innovative
technology to address technical or manufacturing problems of the semiconductor
equipment industry, where traditional technologies have been unable to satisfy
emerging process requirements. For example, our patented plasma strip source
technology is capable of removing residues without the need for multiple acid
steps, as required by traditional stripping systems. Our Aspen III CVD system
has one of the first process chambers that can process either 200 or 300
millimeter wafers with only minor modifications.
Our objective is to enhance our market position as a leading supplier of
advanced, high productivity manufacturing equipment to the worldwide
semiconductor industry. To achieve this objective, we seek to deliver high
productivity, cost-effective systems by leveraging the unique benefits of our
Aspen platform, and we intend to provide technology innovations to address unmet
needs of the semiconductor manufacturing industry. In addition, we plan to
increase our global market penetration, capitalize on our diversified product
line and take a leadership position in the emerging 300 millimeter market.
We market our systems on a global basis, with sales support and service
support offices in thirteen domestic and international locations. We deliver
superior customer support and service to enhance our long term customer
relationships. We offer an extensive warranty, provide unlimited access to
training and maintain a global customer support infrastructure with local
support personnel. Customers of our products include nine of the top ten
semiconductor manufacturers worldwide.
Our principal executive offices are located at 2800 Bayview Drive, Fremont,
California 94538. Our telephone number is (510) 657-5900. As used in this
prospectus, the terms, "we," "us," the "Company" and "Mattson" refer to Mattson
Technology, Inc.
4
<PAGE> 5
THE OFFERING
Common stock offered.......... 3,000,000 shares
Common stock to be outstanding
after this offering......... 19,216,144 shares
Over-allotment option......... 450,000 shares
Use of proceeds............... We intend to use the net proceeds primarily for
general corporate purposes, including working
capital and capital expenditures, and
repayment of debt. See "Use of Proceeds."
Nasdaq National Market
symbol........................ MTSN
The foregoing information is based on 16,216,144 shares outstanding as of
December 31, 1999 and excludes 3,143,100 shares which may be issued upon the
exercise of options under our stock option plan and 642,862 shares of common
stock available for issuance under our employee stock purchase plan. Unless
otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes no exercise of
the underwriters' over-allotment option.
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
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1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
------- ------- ------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF
OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales.......................... $55,342 $73,260 $76,730 $ 59,186 $103,458
Gross profit....................... 30,384 40,029 39,600 21,591 49,986
Total operating expenses........... 17,746 32,407 39,204 45,432 51,331
Income (loss) from operations...... 12,638 7,622 396 (23,841) (1,345)
Net income (loss).................. $10,492 $ 6,465 $ 1,431 $(22,367) $ (849)
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic............................ $ .80 $ .46 $ .10 $ (1.52) $ (.05)
Diluted.......................... $ .71 $ .42 $ .09 $ (1.52) $ (.05)
Shares used in computing net income
(loss) per share:
Basic............................ 13,109 13,997 14,117 14,720 15,730
Diluted.......................... 14,854 15,275 15,311 14,720 15,730
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999
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ACTUAL AS ADJUSTED
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(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents................................... $16,965 $114,004
Working capital............................................. 37,009 137,048
Total assets................................................ 81,148 178,187
Total stockholders' equity.................................. 52,019 152,058
</TABLE>
The as adjusted information above reflects the application of the net
proceeds from the issuance and sale of the 3,000,000 shares of our common stock,
based upon an assumed public offering price of $35 11/16 per share, after
deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated
offering expenses payable by us, as set forth under "Use of Proceeds" and
"Capitalization."
5
<PAGE> 6
RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all
of the other information included in this prospectus, before making an
investment decision to buy our common stock.
If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial
condition or results of operations could be materially harmed. If our business
is harmed, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose
all or part of your investment.
This prospectus also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks
and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those
anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors,
including the risks faced by us described below and elsewhere in this
prospectus.
OUR SALES REFLECT THE CYCLICALITY OF THE SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY, WHICH CAN CAUSE
OUR OPERATING RESULTS TO FLUCTUATE SIGNIFICANTLY AND COULD CAUSE US TO FAIL TO
ACHIEVE ANTICIPATED SALES
Our business depends in significant part upon capital expenditures by
manufacturers of semiconductor devices, including manufacturers that are opening
new or expanding existing fabrication facilities. The level of capital
expenditures by these manufacturers of semiconductor devices depends upon the
current and anticipated market demand for such devices and the products
utilizing such devices. The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical. The
industry has in the past, and will likely in the future, experience periods of
oversupply that result in significantly reduced demand for capital equipment,
including our systems. When these periods occur, our operating results and
financial condition are adversely affected. For instance, we were affected by a
severe downturn in the semiconductor industry in 1998, during which our sales
decreased for the first three consecutive quarters of 1998 before increasing in
the fourth quarter of 1998 and throughout 1999.
We anticipate that a significant portion of new orders will depend upon
demand from semiconductor manufacturers and independent foundries who build or
expand large fabrication facilities. If existing fabrication facilities are not
expanded or new facilities are not built, demand for our systems may not develop
or increase, and we may be unable to generate significant new orders for our
systems. If we are unable to develop new orders for our systems, we will not
achieve anticipated net sales levels. Any future downturns or slowdowns in the
semiconductor industry will materially and adversely affect our net sales and
operating results.
MOST OF OUR REVENUE COMES FROM A SMALL NUMBER OF LARGE SALES, AND ANY DELAY IN
THE TIMING OF INDIVIDUAL SALES COULD CAUSE OUR OPERATING RESULTS TO FLUCTUATE
FROM QUARTER TO QUARTER
A delay in a shipment near the end of a quarter may cause net sales in that
quarter to fall below our expectations and the expectations of market analysts
or investors. We derive most of our revenues from the sale of a relatively small
number of expensive systems. The list prices on these systems range from
$500,000 to over $2.2 million. At our current revenue level, each sale, or
failure to make a sale, could have a material effect on us. Our lengthy sales
cycle, coupled with customers' competing capital budget considerations, make the
timing of customer orders uneven and difficult to predict. In addition, our
backlog at the beginning of a quarter typically does not include all orders
required to achieve our sales objectives for that quarter. As a result, our net
sales and operating results for a quarter depend on us shipping orders as
scheduled during that quarter as well as obtaining new orders for systems to be
shipped in that same quarter. Any delay in scheduled shipments or in shipments
from new orders would materially and adversely affect our operating results for
that quarter, which could cause our stock price to decline.
6
<PAGE> 7
OUR QUARTERLY FINANCIAL RESULTS FLUCTUATE SIGNIFICANTLY AND MAY FALL SHORT OF
ANTICIPATED LEVELS, WHICH COULD CAUSE OUR STOCK PRICE TO DECLINE
We base our operating expenses on anticipated revenue levels, and a
substantial percentage of our expenses are fixed in the short term. As a result,
any delay in generating or recognizing revenues could cause our operating
results to be below the expectations of market analysts or investors, which
could cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Our quarterly revenue and operating results have varied significantly in
the past and may vary significantly in the future due to a number of factors,
including:
- market acceptance of our systems and the products of our customers;
- substantial changes in revenues from significant customers;
- increased manufacturing overhead expenses due to reductions in the number
of systems manufactured;
- timing of announcement and introduction of new systems by us and by our
competitors;
- sudden changes in component prices or availability;
- changes in product mix;
- delays in orders due to customer financial difficulties;
- manufacturing inefficiencies caused by uneven or unpredictable order
patterns, reducing our gross margins; and
- higher fixed costs due to increased levels of research and development
and expansion of our worldwide sales and marketing organization.
Due to the foregoing factors, we believe that period-to-period comparisons
of our operating results should not be relied upon as an indicator of our future
performance.
WE HAVE INCURRED NET OPERATING LOSSES FOR THE PRIOR TWO YEARS, WE MAY NOT
ACHIEVE OR MAINTAIN PROFITABILITY ON AN ANNUAL BASIS, AND IF WE DO NOT, WE MAY
NOT UTILIZE DEFERRED TAX ASSETS
We incurred net losses of approximately $22.4 million for the year ended
December 31, 1998 and $800,000 for the year ended December 31, 1999. We expect
to continue to incur significant research and development and selling, general
and administrative expenses. We will need to generate significant increases in
net sales to achieve and maintain profitability on an annual basis, and we may
not be able to do so. In addition, because of these factors, through December
31, 1999, we had not been in a position to utilize our deferred tax assets. Our
ability to realize our deferred tax assets in future periods will depend on our
ability to achieve and maintain profitability on an annual basis. See
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" for a further discussion of our net operating losses.
YEAR-TO-YEAR CHANGES IN OUR LIST OF MAJOR CUSTOMERS MAKE IT DIFFICULT TO
FORECAST OUR REVENUE AND ACHIEVE OUR SALES GOALS
During 1999, one customer, Samsung, accounted for approximately 20% of our
net sales. During 1998, we had no individually significant customers, although
sales to our Japanese distributor, Marubeni, constituted 16% of our net sales.
During 1997, one customer, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, accounted
for approximately 11% of our net sales. Although the composition of the group
comprising our largest customers has varied from year to year, our top ten
customers accounted for 63% of our net sales in 1999, 56% in 1998 and 60% in
1997. Our systems represent major capital investments that our customers and
potential customers purchase or replace infrequently. Therefore, our list of
major customers changes substantially from year to year, and we cannot predict
that a major customer in one year will make significant purchases from us in
future years. Accordingly, it is difficult
7
<PAGE> 8
for us to accurately forecast our revenues and operating results from year to
year. While we actively pursue new customers, if we are unable to successfully
make significant sales to new customers or sell additional systems to existing
customers, we may not achieve anticipated net sales levels and our business and
operating results would suffer.
OUR LENGTHY SALES CYCLE INCREASES OUR COSTS AND REDUCES THE PREDICTABILITY OF
OUR REVENUE
Sales of our systems depend upon the decision of a prospective customer to
increase manufacturing capacity. That decision typically involves a significant
capital commitment by our customers. Accordingly, the purchase of our systems
typically involves time consuming internal procedures associated with the
evaluation, testing, implementation and introduction of new technologies into
our customers' manufacturing facilities. For many potential customers, an
evaluation as to whether new semiconductor manufacturing equipment is needed
typically occurs infrequently. Following an evaluation by the customer as to
whether our systems meet its qualification criteria, we have experienced in the
past and expect to experience in the future, delays in finalizing system sales
while the customer evaluates and receives approval for the purchase of our
systems and constructs a new facility or expands an existing facility.
Due to these factors, our systems typically have a lengthy sales cycle
during which we may expend substantial funds and management effort. The time
between our first contact with a customer and the customer placing its first
order typically lasts from nine to twelve months and is often even longer. This
lengthy sales cycle makes it difficult to accurately forecast future sales and
may cause our quarterly and annual revenue and operating results to fluctuate
significantly from period to period. If anticipated sales from a particular
customer are not realized in a particular period due to this lengthy sales
cycle, our operating results may be adversely affected.
WE ARE HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON OUR INTERNATIONAL SALES, PARTICULARLY SALES IN ASIAN
COUNTRIES, AND IF WE ARE UNABLE TO SUSTAIN AND INCREASE OUR INTERNATIONAL SALES,
WE MAY NOT ACHIEVE ANTICIPATED REVENUE GROWTH
Asia is a particularly important region for our business. Sales to Taiwan,
Japan and other Asian countries accounted for 59% of our total net sales in
1999, 50% in 1998 and 60% in 1997. All international sales accounted for 71% of
our total net sales in 1999, 67% in 1998, and 65% in 1997. We anticipate that
international sales will continue to account for a significant portion of our
net sales. Because of our dependence upon international sales in general and on
sales to Taiwan, Japan and other Asian countries in particular, we are at risk
to the effects of regional economic problems. Asian economies have been highly
volatile and prone to recession in recent years. In particular, our 1998 net
sales declined during a severe industry downturn caused in large part by
recessions in several Asian countries.
Our international sales are subject to a number of additional risks,
including:
- unexpected changes in law or regulations resulting in more burdensome
governmental controls, tariffs, restrictions, embargoes or export license
requirements;
- exchange rate volatility;
- political and economic instability, particularly in Asia;
- difficulties in accounts receivable collections;
- extended payment terms beyond those customarily used in the United
States;
- difficulties in managing distributors or representatives;
- difficulties in staffing and managing foreign subsidiary operations; and
- potentially adverse tax consequences.
8
<PAGE> 9
Our sales to date have been denominated in U.S. dollars. If it becomes
necessary for us to make sales denominated in foreign currencies, we will become
more exposed to the risk of currency fluctuations. Our products become less
price competitive in countries with currencies that are declining in value in
comparison to the dollar. This could cause us to lose sales or force us to lower
our prices, which would reduce our gross margins.
WE ARE ESTABLISHING A DIRECT SALES ORGANIZATION IN JAPAN AND TERMINATING OUR
JAPANESE DISTRIBUTOR, WHICH COULD RESULT IN LOST SALES OR INCREASED RISKS TO OUR
BUSINESS IN JAPAN
As part of our original strategy for penetrating the Japanese market, we
established a distributor relationship with Marubeni Solutions Corp. in 1990. In
1999, we shifted our strategy in Japan to a direct sales model. For the year
ended December 31, 1998, sales to Marubeni accounted for 16% of our net sales.
We are in the process of terminating our distribution relationship with Marubeni
and establishing our own direct sales force in Japan. For the year ended
December 31, 1999, sales to Marubeni accounted for 10% of our net sales. We
believe that the transition to direct sales will be completed during the first
half of 2000. Although we intend to continue to invest significant resources in
Japan, including the hiring of additional personnel to support our direct sales
effort, we may not be able to maintain or increase our sales to the Japanese
semiconductor industry. We may miss sales opportunities or lose competitive
sales as we transition to this direct sales model, or Japanese customers and
potential customers may be unwilling to purchase our systems from us directly.
When we make sales directly to customers in Japan, we expect that payment terms
may be as long as 180 days from shipment, compared to 30 days from shipment for
sales in our other regions. Such a delay would negatively impact our cash flows.
MOST OF OUR SALES ARE CURRENTLY CONCENTRATED IN ASPEN STRIP AND CVD SYSTEMS, AND
WE DEPEND UPON CONTINUED MARKET ACCEPTANCE OF THESE PRODUCTS; IF WE ARE UNABLE
TO INCREASE SALES OF OUR OTHER PRODUCTS, WE MAY NOT ACHIEVE ANTICIPATED GROWTH
OF NET SALES
For the year ended December 31, 1999, sales of Aspen Strip and CVD systems
constituted 87% of our net sales. We expect that revenue from these products
will continue to account for a substantial majority of our net sales for the
foreseeable future. Accordingly, continued market acceptance of these systems is
critical to our future success. Market acceptance of our Aspen Strip and CVD
systems is affected by a number of factors including technological innovation,
productivity and cost of ownership. Many of these factors are beyond our
control. Our failure to maintain or increase current levels of market acceptance
for Aspen Strip and CVD systems could significantly impair our net sales growth.
Our future sales will also depend upon achieving broad market acceptance of
our Aspen RTP systems, Aspen LiteEtch systems, EpiPro systems and other future
products and services that we might offer. The markets for these newer products,
especially products such as our Aspen III Strip, Aspen III CVD and Aspen III
LiteEtch, which process 300 millimeter wafers, are still developing and require
our substantial investment in development and sales efforts. If the markets for
these products do not develop as anticipated, or if we are unable to obtain or
increase orders in these markets, we may not realize an adequate return on the
investment made in the development of these new products, and we may not achieve
our anticipated revenue growth.
WE MAY NOT ACHIEVE ANTICIPATED REVENUE GROWTH IF WE ARE NOT SELECTED AS "VENDOR
OF CHOICE" FOR NEW OR EXPANDED FABRICATION FACILITIES AND IF OUR SYSTEMS AND
PRODUCTS DO NOT ACHIEVE BROADER MARKET ACCEPTANCE
Because semiconductor manufacturers must make a substantial investment to
install and integrate capital equipment into a semiconductor fabrication
facility, these manufacturers will tend to choose semiconductor equipment
manufacturers based on established relationships, product compatibility and
proven financial performance.
9
<PAGE> 10
Once a semiconductor manufacturer selects a particular vendor's capital
equipment, the manufacturer generally relies for a significant period of time
upon equipment from this vendor of choice for the specific production line
application. In addition, the semiconductor manufacturer frequently will attempt
to consolidate its other capital equipment requirements with the same vendor.
Accordingly, we may face narrow windows of opportunity to be selected as the
"vendor of choice" by substantial new customers. It may be difficult for us to
sell to a particular customer for a significant period of time once that
customer selects a competitor's product, and we may not be successful in
obtaining broader acceptance of our systems and technology. To date, only our
strip and CVD products have gained widespread market acceptance. If we are
unable to achieve broader market acceptance of our systems and technology, we
may be unable to grow our business and our operating results and financial
condition will be adversely affected.
UNLESS WE CAN CONTINUE TO DEVELOP AND INTRODUCE NEW SYSTEMS THAT COMPETE
EFFECTIVELY ON THE BASIS OF PRICE AND PERFORMANCE, WE MAY LOSE FUTURE SALES AND
CUSTOMERS, OUR BUSINESS MAY SUFFER AND OUR STOCK PRICE MAY DECLINE
Because of continual changes in the markets in which we and our customers
compete, our future success will depend in part upon our ability to continue to
improve our systems and our technologies. These markets are characterized by
rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and continuous
improvements in products and services.
Due to the continual changes in these markets, our success will also depend
upon our ability to develop new technologies and systems that compete
effectively on the basis of price and performance and that adequately address
customer requirements. In addition, we must adapt our systems and processes to
technological changes and to support emerging target market industry standards.
The success of any new systems we introduce is dependent on a number of factors.
These factors include timely completion of new system designs and market
acceptance. We may not be able to improve our existing systems or develop new
technologies or systems in a timely manner. In particular, the transition of the
market to 300 millimeter wafers will present us with both an opportunity and a
risk. To the extent that we are unable to introduce 300 millimeter systems which
meet customer requirements on a timely basis, our business could be harmed.
WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO CONTINUE TO SUCCESSFULLY COMPETE IN THE HIGHLY COMPETITIVE
SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY
The semiconductor equipment industry is both highly competitive and subject
to rapid technological change. Significant competitive factors include the
following:
- system performance;
- cost of ownership;
- size of installed base;
- breadth of product line; and
- customer support.
The following characteristics of our major competitors' systems give them a
competitive advantage over us, particularly with their CVD systems:
- broader product lines;
- longer operating history;
- greater experience with high volume manufacturing;
- broader name recognition;
- substantially larger customer bases; and
- substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources.
10
<PAGE> 11
In addition, to expand our sales we must often replace the systems of our
competitors or sell new systems to customers of our competitors. Our competitors
may develop new or enhanced competitive products that will offer price or
performance features that are superior to our systems. Our competitors may also
be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in
customer requirements, or to devote greater resources to the development,
promotion and sale of their product lines. We may not be able to maintain or
expand our sales if competition increases and we are unable to respond
effectively. For further discussion of Mattson's competition, see
"Business -- Competition."
WE DEPEND UPON A LIMITED NUMBER OF SUPPLIERS FOR MANY COMPONENTS AND
SUBASSEMBLIES, AND SUPPLY SHORTAGES OR THE LOSS OF THESE SUPPLIERS COULD RESULT
IN INCREASED COST OR DELAYS IN MANUFACTURE AND SALE OF OUR PRODUCTS
We rely to a substantial extent on outside vendors to manufacture many of
the components and subassemblies of our Aspen systems. We obtain many of these
components and subassemblies from a sole source or a limited group of suppliers.
Because of our reliance on outside vendors generally, and on a sole or a limited
group of suppliers in particular, we may be unable to obtain an adequate supply
of required components. In addition, we may have reduced control over pricing
and timely delivery of components.
In addition, we often quote prices to our customers and accept customer
orders for our products prior to purchasing components and subassemblies from
our suppliers. If our suppliers increase the cost of components or
subassemblies, we may not have alternative sources of supply and may not be able
to raise the cost of the system being evaluated by our customers to cover all or
part of the increased cost of components.
The manufacture of some of these components and subassemblies is an
extremely complex process and requires long lead times. As a result, we have in
the past and may in the future experience delays or shortages. If we are unable
to obtain adequate and timely deliveries of our required components or
subassemblies, we may have to seek alternative sources of supply or manufacture
such components internally. This could delay our ability to manufacture or
timely ship our systems causing us to lose sales, incur additional costs, delay
new product introductions and cause us to suffer harm to our reputation.
TO EFFECTIVELY MANAGE OUR GROWTH AND EXPANSION, WE WILL NEED TO IMPROVE AND
IMPLEMENT NEW SYSTEMS, PROCEDURES AND CONTROLS
We have recently experienced a period of rapid growth and expansion that
has placed a significant strain on our management information systems and our
administrative, financial and operational resources. We are currently
undertaking a significant expansion of our operations to support increased sales
levels as a result of the recent improvement in the semiconductor industry,
including the expansion of our international operations and a transition to
direct sales operations in Japan. We are making additional significant
investments in research and development to support product development. We have
grown from 349 employees at December 31, 1998, to 443 employees at December 31,
1999 and plan to further increase our total personnel. This expansion will
continue to result in substantial demands on our management resources. To
accommodate continued anticipated growth and expansion, we will be required to:
- improve existing, and implement new, operational and financial systems,
procedures and controls;
- hire, train, manage, retain and motivate qualified personnel; and
- obtain additional facilities and suppliers.
These measures may place additional burdens on our management and our internal
resources.
11
<PAGE> 12
IF WE DO NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT EVALUATION SYSTEMS AVAILABLE TO OUR CUSTOMERS, WE
MAY MISS SALES OPPORTUNITIES
We have experienced increased interest in evaluation of our chemical vapor
deposition products. In the past, during periods of high growth, we have been
constrained by a lack of available CVD evaluation units for timely delivery to
prospective customers. If we are not able to make a sufficient number of
evaluation systems available when requested, potential customers may not be able
to evaluate our products before making equipment purchase decisions and we may
miss opportunities to make sales, causing our growth to be adversely affected.
WE ARE HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON OUR KEY PERSONNEL TO MANAGE OUR BUSINESS AND THEIR
KNOWLEDGE OF OUR BUSINESS, MANAGEMENT SKILLS AND TECHNICAL EXPERTISE WOULD BE
DIFFICULT TO REPLACE
Our success depends to a large extent upon the efforts and abilities of
Brad Mattson, our chairman and chief executive officer, as well as other key
managerial and technical employees who would be difficult to replace. The loss
of Mr. Mattson or other key employees could limit or delay our ability to
develop new products and adapt existing products to our customers' evolving
requirements and result in lost sales and diversion of management resources.
None of our executive officers are bound by a written employment agreement and
our relationships with our officers are at will.
BECAUSE OF COMPETITION FOR ADDITIONAL QUALIFIED PERSONNEL, WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO
RECRUIT OR RETAIN NECESSARY PERSONNEL, WHICH COULD IMPEDE DEVELOPMENT OR SALES
OF OUR PRODUCTS
Our growth depends on our ability to attract and retain qualified,
experienced employees. There is substantial competition for experienced
engineering, technical, financial, sales and marketing personnel in our
industry. In particular, we must attract and retain highly skilled design and
process engineers. Competition for such personnel is intense, particularly in
the San Francisco Bay Area where we are based. If we are unable to retain our
existing key personnel, or attract and retain additional qualified personnel, we
may from time to time experience inadequate levels of staffing to develop and
market our products and perform services for our customers. As a result, our
growth could be limited due to our lack of capacity to develop and market our
products to our customers, or we could fail to meet our delivery commitments or
experience deterioration in service levels or decreased customer satisfaction.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY WE MAY LOSE A VALUABLE
ASSET, EXPERIENCE REDUCED MARKET SHARE OR INCUR COSTLY LITIGATION TO PROTECT OUR
PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY
We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademark and trade secret
laws, non-disclosure agreements and other intellectual property protection
methods to protect our proprietary technology. Despite our efforts to protect
our intellectual property, our competitors may be able to legitimately ascertain
the non-patented proprietary technology embedded in our systems. If this occurs,
we may not be able to prevent the use of such technology. Our means of
protecting our proprietary rights may not be adequate and our patents may not be
sufficiently broad to protect our technology. In addition, any patents issued to
us could be challenged, invalidated or circumvented and any rights granted under
the patent may not provide adequate protection to us. Furthermore, we may not
have sufficient resources to prosecute our rights.
Our competitors may independently develop similar technology, duplicate our
products or design around patents that may be issued to us. In addition, the
laws of some foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights to as
great an extent as do the laws of the United States and it may be more difficult
to monitor the use of our products. As a result of these threats to our
proprietary technology, we may have to resort to costly litigation to enforce
our intellectual property rights.
12
<PAGE> 13
WE MIGHT FACE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INFRINGEMENT CLAIMS THAT MAY BE COSTLY TO
RESOLVE AND COULD DIVERT MANAGEMENT ATTENTION
We may from time to time be subject to claims of infringement of other
parties' proprietary rights. Our involvement in any patent dispute or other
intellectual property dispute or action to protect trade secrets, even if the
claims are without merit, could be very expensive to defend and could divert the
attention of our management. Adverse determinations in any litigation could
subject us to significant liabilities to third parties, require us to seek
costly licenses from third parties and prevent us from manufacturing and selling
our systems. Any of these situations could have a material adverse effect on our
business and operating results.
OUR FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS COULD RESULT IN SUBSTANTIAL
LIABILITY TO US
We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws, rules and
regulations relating to environmental protection. These laws, rules and
regulations govern the use, storage, discharge and disposal of hazardous
chemicals during manufacturing, research and development and sales
demonstrations. If we fail to comply with present or future regulations, we
could be subject to substantial liability for clean up efforts, personal injury
and fines or suspension or cessation of our operations. Restrictions on our
ability to expand or continue to operate our present locations could be imposed
upon us or we could be required to acquire costly remediation equipment or incur
other significant expenses.
THE PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK HAS FLUCTUATED IN THE PAST AND MAY CONTINUE TO
FLUCTUATE SIGNIFICANTLY IN THE FUTURE, WHICH MAY LEAD TO LOSSES BY INVESTORS OR
TO SECURITIES LITIGATION
The market price of our common stock has been highly volatile in the past,
and our stock price may decline in the future. We believe that a number of
factors could cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate, perhaps
substantially, including:
- general conditions in the semiconductor industry or in the worldwide
economy;
- announcements of developments related to our business;
- fluctuations in our operating results and order levels;
- announcements of technological innovations by us or by our competitors;
- new products or product enhancements by us or by our competitors;
- developments in patents or other intellectual property rights; or
- developments in our relationships with our customers, distributors and
suppliers.
In addition, in recent years the stock market in general, and the market
for shares of high technology stocks in particular, have experienced extreme
price fluctuations. These fluctuations have frequently been unrelated to the
operating performance of the affected companies. Such fluctuations could
adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted
against a company following periods of volatility in the company's stock price.
This type of litigation, if filed against us, could result in substantial costs
and divert our management's attention and resources.
ANY FUTURE BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS MAY DISRUPT OUR BUSINESS, DILUTE STOCKHOLDER
VALUE OR DISTRACT MANAGEMENT ATTENTION
As part of our business strategy, we may consider acquisitions of, or
significant investments in, businesses that offer products, services and
technologies complementary to ours. Such acquisitions could
13
<PAGE> 14
materially adversely affect our operating results and/or the price of our common
stock. Acquisitions also entail numerous risks, including:
- difficulty of assimilating the operations, products and personnel of the
acquired businesses;
- potential disruption of our ongoing business;
- unanticipated costs associated with the acquisition;
- inability of management to manage the financial and strategic position of
acquired or developed products, services and technologies;
- inability to maintain uniform standards, controls, policies and
procedures; and
- impairment of relationships with employees and customers which may occur
as a result of integration of the acquired business.
To the extent that shares of our stock or other rights to purchase stock
are issued in connection with any future acquisitions, dilution to our existing
stockholders will result and our earnings per share may suffer. Any future
acquisitions may not generate additional revenue or provide any benefit to our
business, and we may not achieve a satisfactory return on our investment in any
acquired businesses.
YEAR 2000 COMPLICATIONS MAY DISRUPT OUR OPERATIONS AND HARM OUR BUSINESS
The date fields coded in many software products and computer systems need
to be able to distinguish 21st century dates from 20th century dates, including
leap year calculations. The failure to be able to accurately distinguish these
dates is commonly known as the year 2000 problem. While we have yet to
experience year 2000 problems, the computer software programs and operating
systems used in our internal operations, including our financial, product
development, order management and manufacturing systems, could experience errors
or interruptions due to the year 2000 problem. For example, a significant
failure of our computer integrated manufacturing systems, which monitor and
control factory equipment, could disrupt manufacturing operations and cause a
delay in completion and shipping of products. In addition, it is possible that
our suppliers' and service providers' failure to adequately address the year
2000 problem could have an adverse effect on their operations, which, in turn,
could have an adverse impact on us.
WE WILL RETAIN BROAD DISCRETION IN THE USE OF PROCEEDS FROM THIS OFFERING AND
MAY NOT OBTAIN A SIGNIFICANT RETURN ON THE USE OF THESE PROCEEDS
We currently have no specific plans for a significant portion of our net
proceeds from this offering. Consequently, our management has complete
discretion as to how to spend the proceeds from this offering. They may spend
these proceeds in ways with which our stockholders may not agree. Management's
allocation of the proceeds of this offering may not benefit our business and the
investment of the proceeds may not yield a favorable return.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of the information in this prospectus and in the documents that are
incorporated by reference, including the risk factors in this section, contains
forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These
statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. In many
cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may,"
"will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates,"
"predicts," "potential," or "continue," or the negative of these terms and other
comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Our actual
results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking
statements as a result of a number of factors, including the risks faced by us
described above and elsewhere in this prospectus.
14
<PAGE> 15
We believe it is important to communicate our expectations to our
investors. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to
predict accurately or over which we have no control. The risk factors listed
above, as well as any cautionary language in this prospectus, provide examples
of risks, uncertainties and events that may cause our actual results to differ
materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements.
Before you invest in our common stock, you should be aware that the occurrence
of the events described in these risk factors and elsewhere in this prospectus
could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and
financial condition.
15
<PAGE> 16
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to us from the sale of the 3,000,000 shares of common
stock offered by us in this offering are estimated to be approximately $100.0
million, or $115.1 million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment
option in full, based upon an assumed public offering price of $35 11/16 per
share and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and
estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We expect to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate
purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures and repayment of
approximately $3.0 million of indebtedness under our revolving line of credit. A
portion of the net proceeds may also be used to acquire businesses, products or
technologies that are complementary to our business. However, we have no
specific acquisitions planned, other than our agreement in principle to acquire
RF Services, Inc., a company majority owned by Brad Mattson, our chief executive
officer, for a price anticipated to be equal to the net book value of its assets
of approximately $300,000. Prior to using the proceeds in the manner described
above, we plan to invest the net proceeds of this offering in short-term,
interest-bearing, investment grade securities.
Borrowings under our revolving line of credit, which expires in July 2000,
bear interest at the lender's prime rate, which was 8.5% at December 31, 1999.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate
paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain
any future earnings to develop and expand our business. Under the terms of our
line of credit facilities, we may not declare or pay any dividends without the
prior consent of the lenders under these facilities.
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK
Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
"MTSN." The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and
low sale prices of our common stock, as reported on the Nasdaq National Market.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COMMON
STOCK PRICE
-------------
HIGH LOW
---- ---
<S> <C> <C>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998:
First Quarter............................................... $ 9 7/8 $ 6
Second Quarter.............................................. 7 15/16 5 1/8
Third Quarter............................................... 6 3/16 2 29/32
Fourth Quarter.............................................. 7 3/4 2 3/4
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999:
First Quarter............................................... $10 1/8 $ 5 1/2
Second Quarter.............................................. 12 7/8 5 3/4
Third Quarter............................................... 15 3/8 10
Fourth Quarter.............................................. 18 1/4 11
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2000:
First Quarter (through January 26, 2000).................... $35 3/4 $16
</TABLE>
On January 26, 2000, the last reported sale price of our common stock on
the Nasdaq National Market was $35 11/16 per share. As of January 17, 2000,
there were approximately 175 holders of record of our common stock.
16
<PAGE> 17
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of December 31, 1999:
- on an actual basis; and
- on an as adjusted basis to reflect the sale of the 3,000,000 shares of
common stock offered by us in this offering and the application of the
net proceeds from the sale of the common stock at an assumed public
offering price of $35 11/16 per share, after deducting the estimated
underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses.
The outstanding share information assumes that the underwriters'
over-allotment option is not exercised, and does not include 3,143,100 shares of
common stock reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding options granted
under our 1989 Stock Option Plan with a weighted average exercise price of $7.57
per share; 810,923 shares of common stock available for issuance under our 1989
Stock Option Plan; and 642,862 shares of common stock available for purchase
under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
You should read this table in conjunction with our consolidated financial
statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999
-----------------------
ACTUAL AS ADJUSTED
-------- -----------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT
SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C>
Line of credit.............................................. $ 3,000 $ --
======== ========
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.001 par value, 2,000,000 shares
authorized; no shares issued and outstanding actual and
as adjusted............................................ -- --
Common stock, $.001 par value, 60,000,000 shares
authorized; 16,216,144 shares outstanding, actual;
19,216,144 shares outstanding as adjusted.............. 16 19
Additional paid-in capital................................ 66,280 166,316
Retained earnings (deficit)............................... (11,099) (11,099)
Treasury stock............................................ (2,987) (2,987)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss...................... (191) (191)
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity........................ 52,019 152,058
-------- --------
Total capitalization......................... $ 52,019 $152,058
======== ========
</TABLE>
17
<PAGE> 18
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in
conjunction with, and is qualified by reference to, our consolidated financial
statements and related notes and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations." The selected consolidated
statement of operations data for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1999 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data at December
31, 1998 and 1999 are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, our
consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The
selected consolidated statement of operations data for each of the two years in
the period ended December 31, 1996 and the selected consolidated balance sheet
data as of December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 are derived from consolidated
financial statements not included in this prospectus. The historical results are
not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
------- ------- ------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
DATA:
Net sales............................... $55,342 $73,260 $76,730 $ 59,186 $103,458
Cost of sales........................... 24,958 33,231 37,130 37,595 53,472
------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Gross profit............................ 30,384 40,029 39,600 21,591 49,986
------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Operating expenses:
Research, development and
engineering........................ 6,330 11,507 14,709 16,670 19,547
Selling, general and administrative... 11,416 20,900 24,495 24,542 31,784
Acquired in-process research and
development........................ -- -- -- 4,220 --
------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Total operating expenses........... 17,746 32,407 39,204 45,432 51,331
------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from operations........... 12,638 7,622 396 (23,841) (1,345)
Interest and other income, net.......... 1,906 2,027 1,486 1,811 743
------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Income (loss) before provision for
income taxes.......................... 14,544 9,649 1,882 (22,030) (602)
Provision for income taxes.............. 4,052 3,184 451 337 247
------- ------- ------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)....................... $10,492 $ 6,465 $ 1,431 $(22,367) $ (849)
======= ======= ======= ======== ========
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic................................. $ .80 $ .46 $ .10 $ (1.52) $ (.05)
Diluted............................... $ .71 $ .42 $ .09 $ (1.52) $ (.05)
Shares used in computing net income
(loss) per share:
Basic................................. 13,109 13,997 14,117 14,720 15,730
Diluted............................... 14,854 15,275 15,311 14,720 15,730
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents................. $14,310 $21,547 $25,583 $11,863 $16,965
Working capital........................... 56,425 56,780 56,996 31,034 37,009
Total assets.............................. 74,089 84,489 84,443 68,120 81,148
Total stockholders' equity................ 61,076 69,115 68,184 49,880 52,019
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 19
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and
results of operations should be read in conjunction with "Selected Consolidated
Financial Data" and our consolidated financial statements and related notes
included elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to historical information,
the discussion in this prospectus contains certain forward-looking statements
that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially
from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements due to factors,
including but not limited to, those set forth under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere
in this prospectus.
OVERVIEW
We are a leading supplier of advanced, high-productivity semiconductor
processing equipment used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. We
currently offer Aspen Strip, CVD, RTP, LiteEtch and EpiPro products. We began
operations in 1989 and in 1991 we shipped our first product, the Aspen Strip, a
photoresist removal system. Our current Aspen Strip, CVD, RTP and LiteEtch
product lines are based on a common Aspen platform with a modular,
multi-station, multi-chamber architecture, designed to deliver high
productivity, low cost of ownership and savings of cleanroom space.
Until 1999, we derived a substantial majority of our sales from our Aspen
Strip systems, with our remaining sales derived from our CVD, RTP, LiteEtch and
Epi systems, as well as spare parts and maintenance services. During 1999, sales
of our CVD systems increased significantly and comprised 27% of our net sales,
with Aspen Strip sales accounting for 60% of our net sales. In July 1999, we
introduced our next generation rapid thermal processing system, RTP(FR3), and
the EpiPro 5000 epitaxial silicon deposition system.
We generally recognize sales upon shipment of a system. From time to time,
however, we allow customers to evaluate systems, and since customers can return
such systems any time with limited or no penalty, we do not recognize the
associated revenue until the evaluation system is accepted by the customer.
Sales to our distributor in Japan are recognized upon shipment with reserves
provided for limited rights of return. Service and maintenance contract revenue,
which to date has been insignificant, is recognized on a straight-line basis
over the service period of the related contract. A provision for the estimated
future cost of system installation and warranty is recorded at the time revenue
is recognized.
International sales, predominantly to customers based in Europe, Japan and
the Pacific Rim, including Taiwan, Singapore and Korea, accounted for 71% of
total net sales for 1999, 67% of total net sales for 1998 and 65% of total net
sales for 1997. To date, all sales have been denominated in U.S. dollars. We
anticipate that international sales will continue to account for a significant
portion of sales, primarily due to orders from customers in Japan and the
Pacific Rim.
The local currency is the functional currency for all foreign operations
except those in Japan, where the U.S. dollar is the functional currency. Gains
or losses from translation of foreign operations where the local currencies are
the functional currency are included as a component of stockholders' equity.
Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statement of
operations and have not been material.
Our business depends upon capital expenditures by manufacturers of
semiconductor devices. The level of capital expenditures by these manufacturers
depends upon the current and anticipated market demand for such devices. The
semiconductor industry suffered a significant downturn beginning in 1998, as a
result of several factors including the economic crisis in Asia, semiconductor
industry over-capacity and reduced profitability for semiconductor manufacturers
resulting from the decreasing prices of personal computers. Accordingly, many
semiconductor manufacturers delayed planned new equipment purchases until 1999,
which significantly impacted our 1998 sales. From the fourth quarter of 1998
19
<PAGE> 20
through 1999, the industry began to improve, and during that time our sales
increased sequentially from quarter to quarter. The cyclicality and
uncertainties regarding overall market conditions continue to present
significant challenges to us and impair our ability to forecast near term
revenue. Our ability to quickly modify our operations in response to changes in
market conditions is limited.
In order to support long term growth in our business, we have continued to
increase research and development expenses from previous years. In addition,
selling, general and administrative costs in 1999 increased from 1998 as sales
continued to increase. We are still dependent upon increases in sales in order
to achieve profitability. If our sales do not increase, our current operating
expenses could prevent us from increasing profitability and adversely affect our
financial results.
On July 24, 1998, we completed our acquisition of Concept Systems Design,
Inc., a supplier of epitaxial systems. The merger was accounted for as a
purchase at a price of $4,689,000, which included $650,000 of estimated
acquisition-related costs. In connection with the merger, we issued 795,138
shares of our common stock to the former stockholders of Concept. The purchase
price was allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the fair
value of Concept's current assets and liabilities, which we believe approximated
their book value, the estimated fair value of property and equipment and an
independent appraisal for all other identifiable assets. The excess of the
purchase price over the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and
liabilities assumed was allocated to goodwill.
In the first quarter of 1999, a preacquisition contingency was resolved
which reduced the liabilities assumed from Concept by approximately $2.2
million. Under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
38, this has been recorded by us in the first quarter of 1999 on a prospective
basis as an elimination of previously recorded goodwill and a pro-rata reduction
of the balance to the acquired developed technology, workforce and property and
equipment. The acquired developed technology and workforce are recorded on the
balance sheet as other assets and will be amortized on a straight-line basis
over periods ranging from three to seven years. The acquired in-process research
and development was expensed at the time of acquisition as a one-time charge.
The acquisition agreement provides for the contingent distribution of 100,000
additional shares of our common stock if certain revenue levels are achieved
prior to July 24, 2000. Additional shares issued, if any, will be valued at the
fair value of the shares at the date of issue and will result in additional
goodwill.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial data for the
periods indicated, expressed as a percentage of net sales:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------
1997 1998 1999
----- ------ -----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales................................................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of sales............................................... 48.4 63.5 51.7
----- ------ -----
Gross margin................................................ 51.6 36.5 48.3
----- ------ -----
Operating expenses:
Research, development and engineering..................... 19.2 28.2 18.9
Selling, general and administrative....................... 31.9 41.5 30.7
Acquired in-process research and development.............. -- 7.1 --
----- ------ -----
Income (loss) from operations............................... .5 (40.3) (1.3)
Interest and other income, net.............................. 2.0 3.1 .7
----- ------ -----
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes............. 2.5 (37.2) (.6)
----- ------ -----
Net income (loss)........................................... 1.9% (37.8)% (.8)%
===== ====== =====
</TABLE>
20
<PAGE> 21
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 AND 1998
Net Sales. Our net sales for the year ended December 31, 1999 were $103.5
million, representing an increase of $44.3 million, or 75%, over net sales of
$59.2 million for the year ended December 31, 1998. Net sales increased in 1999
primarily as a result of a 53% increase in unit shipments and a 16% increase in
average selling prices.
Until 1999, our sales consisted principally of single and dual chamber
Aspen Strip products and to a lesser extent, CVD, RTP and LiteEtch systems,
spare parts and service revenue. During 1999, sales of our Aspen CVD accounted
for 27% of net sales. The increase in average selling prices has resulted
primarily from a change in sales mix to CVD, RTP and LiteEtch systems, which
generally carry higher selling prices than the Aspen Strip systems.
Gross Margin. Gross profit was $50.0 million for the year ended December
31, 1999, representing 48% of net sales, up from $21.6 million, or 36% of net
sales, for the year ended December 31, 1998. Our cost of sales includes labor,
materials and overhead. Gross margin increased in 1999 primarily due to
favorable manufacturing overhead efficiencies, as the number of systems shipped
increased 53% in 1999 compared to 1998.
Our gross margin has varied over the years and will continue to vary based
on multiple factors including our product mix, economies of scale, overhead
absorption levels, and costs associated with the introduction of new products.
Our gross margin on international sales, other than sales to Marubeni, have been
substantially the same as domestic sales. Sales to Marubeni typically carry a
lower gross margin, as Marubeni has been primarily responsible for sales and
support costs in Japan. We are in the process of terminating our distribution
relationship with Marubeni and shifting to a direct sales model in Japan. We
anticipate this process to be completed in the first half of 2000.
Research, Development and Engineering. Research, development and
engineering expenses were $19.5 million, or 18.9% of net sales, for the year
ended December 31, 1999, compared to $16.7 million, or 28.2% of net sales, for
the year ended December 31, 1998. The increase was primarily due to compensation
and related benefits, which increased to $9.8 million in 1999 from $8.6 million
in 1998, and depreciation expense, which increased to $2.3 million in 1999 from
$1.9 million in 1998. The increase in compensation and related benefits expense
was due to increased personnel required to support our anticipated long term
future growth. The increase in depreciation expense was due to additional fixed
assets as a result of our acquisition of Concept in July 1998. The decrease in
research, development and engineering expense as a percentage of net sales in
1999 compared to 1998 was primarily attributable to increased sales in 1999.
Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative
expenses were $31.8 million, or 30.7% of net sales, for the year ended December
31, 1999, compared with $24.5 million, or 41.5% of net sales, for the year ended
December 31, 1998. The increase was primarily due to compensation and related
benefits, which increased to $22.4 million in 1999 from $15.2 million in 1998
due to increased personnel during 1999 and the reimplementation during the first
quarter of 1999 of compensation programs that had been reduced or eliminated as
part of the overall cost cutting measures implemented by management in the
second quarter of 1998. The decrease in selling, general and administrative
expenses as a percentage of net sales in 1999 compared to 1998 was primarily
attributable to increased net sales in 1999.
Acquired In-Process Research and Development. In 1998, in connection with
our acquisition of Concept, we allocated $4.2 million to in-process research and
development, which we expensed as a one-time charge, and $6.9 million to other
intangible assets.
The value assigned to in-process research and development was determined by
identifying research projects in areas for which technological feasibility had
not been established. These included the Concept
21
<PAGE> 22
EpiPro 5000 system and a single wafer Epi system. The value was determined by
estimating the expected cash flows from the projects, taking into consideration
an estimate of future obsolescence of the technology once commercially viable,
applying a percentage of completion and then discounting the net cash flows to
their present value. We believe that the efforts to complete the in-process
research and development projects will consist of internally staffed engineers
and will be completed in 2001. The estimated costs to complete the research and
development is approximately $1.7 million. There is substantial risk associated
with the completion of each project and we cannot be certain that any of the
projects will meet with technological or commercial success.
The percentage of completion for each project was determined using
management estimates of time and dollars spent as compared to time and dollars
that were expected to be required to complete the project. The degree of
difficulty of the portion of each project completed as of July 24, 1998 was also
compared to the estimated remaining research and development to be completed to
bring each project to technical feasibility. At July 24, 1998, the percentage of
completion for the Concept EpiPro 5000 was estimated at 80% and the percentage
of completion for the single wafer Epi system was estimated at 50%.
Tax Provision. We recorded a tax provision of $247,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1999 compared to $337,000 for the year ended December 31, 1998. We
recognized provision for income taxes at an effective tax rate of (41.0)% during
1999 and (1.5)% during 1998. In 1999 and 1998 we did not recognize any tax
benefits from our operating losses. The 1999 and 1998 income tax provision
primarily relates to foreign income tax. FASB Statement No. 109 provides for the
recognition of deferred tax assets if realization of such assets is more likely
than not. Based upon available data, which includes our historical operating
performance and the reported cumulative net losses in prior years, we have
provided a full valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets as the
future realization of the tax benefit is not sufficiently assured. We intend to
evaluate the realization of the deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1997
Net Sales. Our net sales of $59.2 million for the year ended December 31,
1998 represented a decrease of $17.5 million, or 22.8%, from net sales of $76.7
million for the year ended December 31, 1997. The decrease was primarily the
result of a 32.7% decrease in unit shipments, partially offset by a 6.6%
increase in average selling prices.
Gross Margin. Gross profit was $21.6 million for the year ended December
31, 1998, representing 36.5% of net sales, compared to gross profit of $39.6
million, representing 51.6% of net sales, for the year ended December 31, 1997.
The lower gross margin in 1998 compared to 1997 was primarily attributable to
overhead inefficiencies caused by lower production volumes, as well as a
one-time inventory write-down.
Research, Development and Engineering. Research, development and
engineering expenses for the year ended December 31, 1998 were $16.7 million, or
28.2% of net sales, and increased from $14.7 million, or 19.2% of net sales, for
the year ended December 31, 1997. The increase was primarily due to compensation
and benefits, which increased to $8.6 million in 1998 from $7.9 million in 1997,
engineering project materials, which increased to $3.3 million in 1998 from $3.1
million in 1997, and depreciation, which increased to $1.9 million in 1998 from
$1.4 million in 1997. The increase in compensation expense was primarily due to
increased personnel required to support our anticipated long term future growth,
including the support of our multi-product strategy. The increase in engineering
project materials was due to ongoing and new product development. The increase
in depreciation expense was due to the additional fixed assets acquired from the
Concept acquisition. The increase in research, development and engineering
expense as a percentage of net sales in 1998 compared to 1997 was primarily
attributable to lower sales in 1998.
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<PAGE> 23
Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative
expenses for the year ended December 31, 1998 were $24.5 million, or 41.5% of
net sales, compared to expenses of $24.5 million, or 31.9% of net sales, for the
year ended December 31, 1997. Cost cutting measures implemented in the second
quarter of 1998 were offset by increased expenditures relating to the acquired
Concept workforce and related overhead. Salaries, commissions and related
expenses remained constant at $15.2 million in 1997 and 1998. Building and
utilities expenses increased to $3.1 million in 1998 from $2.0 million in 1997.
The increase in building and utilities expenses was due to an additional 31,000
square foot facility leased at the end of 1997, which was vacated in the third
quarter of 1998. The increase in building and utilities charges was offset by
nominal decreases in advertisement and promotion and travel and entertainment
expenses in 1998.
Tax provision. We recorded a tax provision of $337,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1998 compared to $451,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997. We
recognized provision for income taxes at an effective rate of (1.5)% during 1998
and 24.0% during 1997. The provision for income taxes in 1998 consists primarily
of foreign taxes. FASB Statement No. 109 provides for the recognition of
deferred tax assets if realization of such assets is more likely than not. Based
upon available data, we have provided a full valuation allowance against our
December 31, 1998 net deferred tax assets as the future realization of the tax
benefit is not sufficiently assured. We intend to evaluate the realization of
the deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. The 1997 tax rate is less than the
federal statutory rate as a result of benefits from our foreign sales
corporation and the research and development tax credit.
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<PAGE> 24
QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following tables set forth our unaudited consolidated statement of
operations data for each of the eight quarterly periods ended December 31, 1999,
as well as that data expressed as a percentage of our net sales for the quarters
presented. You should read this information in conjunction with our consolidated
financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
We have prepared this unaudited consolidated information on a basis consistent
with our audited consolidated financial statements, reflecting all normal
recurring adjustments that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of our
financial position and operating results for the quarters presented. You should
not draw any conclusions about our future results from the operating results for
any quarter.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTER ENDED
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAR. 29, JUNE 28, SEPT. 27, DEC. 31, MAR. 28 JUNE 27, SEPT. 26, DEC. 31,
1998 1998 1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999
-------- -------- --------- -------- ------- -------- --------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF
OPERATIONS
Net sales.................. $20,248 $15,649 $ 9,420 $13,869 $14,320 $24,128 $29,189 $35,821
Cost of sales.............. 11,173 8,448 8,920 9,054 7,076 12,748 15,171 18,477
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross profit............... 9,075 7,201 500 4,815 7,244 11,380 14,018 17,344
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating expenses:
Research, development and
engineering............ 4,501 3,770 4,107 4,292 3,898 4,525 5,297 5,827
Selling, general and
administrative......... 6,725 5,643 6,294 5,880 6,031 7,106 8,567 10,080
Acquired in-process
research and
development............ -- -- 4,220 -- -- -- -- --
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating
expenses............. 11,226 9,413 14,621 10,172 9,929 11,631 13,864 15,907
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from
operations............... (2,151) (2,212) (14,121) (5,357) (2,685) (251) 154 1,437
Interest and other income,
net...................... 481 508 431 391 293 133 221 96
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before
provision for income
taxes.................... (1,670) (1,704) (13,690) (4,966) (2,392) (118) 375 1,533
Provision for (benefit
from) income taxes....... (450) (459) 1,109 137 49 68 59 71
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss).......... $(1,220) $(1,245) $(14,799) $(5,103) $(2,441) $ (186) $ 316 $ 1,462
======= ======= ======== ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Net income (loss) per
share:
Basic.................... $ (.09) $ (.09) $ (1.00) $ (.33) $ (.16) $ (.01) $ .02 $ .09
Diluted.................. $ (.09) $ (.09) $ (1.00) $ (.33) $ (.16) $ (.01) $ .02 $ .08
Shares used in computing
net income (loss) per
share:
Basic.................... 14,254 14,474 14,839 15,315 15,423 15,601 15,887 16,055
Diluted.................. 14,254 14,474 14,839 15,315 15,423 15,601 17,191 17,552
</TABLE>
24
<PAGE> 25
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTER ENDED
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAR. 29, JUNE 28, SEPT. 27, DEC. 31, MAR. 28 JUNE 27, SEPT. 26, DEC. 31,
1998 1998 1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999
-------- -------- --------- -------- ------- -------- --------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
NET SALES
Net sales.................. 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of sales.............. 55.2 54.0 94.7 65.3 49.4 52.8 52.0 51.6
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross profit............... 44.8 46.0 5.3 34.7 50.6 47.2 48.0 48.4
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating expenses:
Research, development and
engineering............ 22.2 24.1 43.6 30.9 27.2 18.8 18.1 16.3
Selling, general and
administrative......... 33.2 36.1 66.8 42.4 42.1 29.5 29.4 28.1
Acquired in-process
research and
development............ -- -- 44.8 -- -- -- -- --
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating
expenses............. 55.4 60.2 155.2 73.3 69.3 48.2 47.5 44.4
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from
operations............... (10.6) (14.2) (149.9) (38.6) (18.7) (1.0) .5 4.0
Interest and other income,
net...................... 2.4 3.3 4.6 2.8 2.0 .6 .8 .3
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before
provision for income
taxes.................... (8.2) (10.9) (145.3) (35.8) (16.7) (.5) 1.3 4.3
Provision for (benefit
from) income taxes....... (2.2) (2.9) 11.8 1.0 .3 .2 .2 .2
------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss).......... (6.0)% (8.0)% (157.1)% (36.8)% (17.0)% (.8)% 1.1% 4.1%
======= ======= ======== ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
Net Sales. Our net sales decreased from the quarter ended March 29, 1998
through the quarter ended September 27, 1998 as we experienced a significant
downturn in the semiconductor equipment industry. Net sales began to increase
beginning in the quarter ended December 31, 1998 as the semiconductor equipment
industry improved, and has improved sequentially in each of the four quarters of
1999.
Gross Margin. Our gross margin fluctuated from quarter to quarter. The
higher gross margin for the quarter ended March 28, 1999 was primarily a result
of improved manufacturing efficiencies due to higher production volumes. The
lower gross margins during the quarters ended September 27 and December 31, 1998
were primarily the result of a $2.6 million write-off of 300 millimeter
inventory and low production volumes. Improvements in gross margin during each
of the four quarters ended December 31, 1999 occurred as sales volumes
increased, resulting in favorable manufacturing efficiencies.
Research, Development and Engineering. Research, development and
engineering expenses fluctuated throughout the eight quarters ended December 31,
1999. The decrease in expenses for the quarter ended March 28, 1999 was
primarily due to reduced personnel in the quarter ended December 31, 1998,
together with a reduction in salary and other benefits and related costs. The
sequential increase in research, development and engineering expenses over each
of the four quarters ended December 31, 1999 was due to an increase in salary
and related expenses as we continue to increase personnel required to support
our anticipated future growth.
Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative
expenses were lower in the quarter ended June 28, 1998 compared to the quarter
ended March 29, 1998 as we implemented cost cutting measures. Selling, general
and administrative expenses continued to increase sequentially from quarter to
quarter in 1999 as we increased personnel and as management reimplemented
compensation programs. Beginning in the quarter ended March 28, 1999, our sales
volume increased, resulting in a related increase in salary and related
expenses. We continued to increase personnel throughout the year in order to
fill our customer orders.
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<PAGE> 26
Acquired In-Process Research and Development. During the quarter ended
September 27, 1998, we wrote off $4.2 million of in-process technology incurred
as part of our acquisition of Concept.
Our quarterly and annual revenue and operating results have varied
significantly in the past and may vary significantly in the future due to a
number of factors. For a discussion of these factors, see "Risk Factors -- Our
Quarterly Financial Results Fluctuate Significantly and May Fall Short of
Anticipated Levels, Which Could Cause Our Stock Price to Decline."
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our cash and cash equivalents and short term investments were $17.0 million
at December 31, 1999, a decrease of $3.0 million from cash and cash equivalents
and short term investments of $20.0 million held as of December 31, 1998. We had
$3.0 million outstanding under our line of credit and no long term debt at
December 31, 1999. Stockholders' equity at December 31, 1999 was approximately
$52.0 million.
Sources of cash increased by $5.1 million in 1999. Net cash used in
operating activities was $9.5 million for the year ended December 31, 1999 and
$5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 1998. The net cash used in
operations in 1999 was primarily attributable to the net loss of $800,000, an
increase in accounts receivable of $11.9 million and an increase in inventories
of $14.8 million, offset by non-cash depreciation and amortization of
intangibles of $4.8 million, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current
assets of $2.7 million, an increase in accounts payable of $5.1 million and an
increase in accrued liabilities of $5.4 million. The net cash used in operations
in 1998 was primarily attributable to the net loss of $22.4 million, offset by
non-cash depreciation, in-process research and development and deferred taxes of
$12.9 million and a decrease in inventories of $10.7 million. The net cash
provided by operations in 1997 was primarily attributable to net income of $1.4
million, non cash depreciation charges of $2.9 million and a decrease in
accounts receivable balances of $1.2 million, offset by an increase in
inventories of $6.1 million.
Net cash provided by investing activities in the year ended December 31,
1999 included the collection of a $3.7 million note receivable from our chief
executive officer, and the sale of $8.1 million of short term investments,
offset by the purchase of $3.3 million of property and equipment. Net cash used
in investing activities in 1998 was $8.4 million, primarily from retirement of
$4.0 million of debt acquired in the acquisition of Concept and the issuance of
a note receivable to our chief executive officer for $3.1 million. Net cash
provided by investing activities in 1997 was primarily attributable to the sales
and maturities of short term investments of $24.5 million, partially offset by
purchases of short term investments of $16.5 million and the acquisition of
property and equipment of $4.7 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $6.0 million in 1999,
primarily from the $3.0 million net proceeds from the issuance of common stock
under our employee stock purchase plan and our stock option plan and the
borrowing of $3.0 million against our $15.0 million line of credit. Net cash
used in financing activities in 1998 and 1997 was primarily from the repurchase
of our common stock, partially offset by net proceeds from the issuance of
common stock under our employee stock purchase plan and our stock option plan.
Our board of directors has authorized us to repurchase from time to time in
the open market up to 1,000,000 shares of our common stock, through the year
2000. As of December 31, 1999, we had repurchased 274,800 shares. The purpose of
the repurchase program is to acquire shares to fund our stock based employee
benefit programs, including our employee stock purchase plan and our stock
option plan. We do not intend to repurchase any additional shares of our stock
under this repurchase program.
During the third quarter of 1998, we extended a one year loan to Brad
Mattson, our chief executive officer, in the amount of $3.1 million. The note,
which was approved by our disinterested directors, was a full recourse note and
was fully collateralized by 2.2 million shares of our common stock owned by
26
<PAGE> 27
Mr. Mattson. The interest rate on the loan was 8%. During 1999, we agreed to
extend the loan for an additional six months and increased the note to $3.7
million, which included accrued interest of approximately $300,000 and an
additional $300,000 loaned to Mr. Mattson. The note, including all accrued
interest, was repaid in full during the quarter ended December 31, 1999.
During 1999 we entered into a one year revolving line of credit with a bank
in the amount of $15.0 million. This line of credit expires in July 2000. All
borrowings under this line of credit bear interest at a per annum rate equal to
the lender's prime rate, which was 8.5% at December 31, 1999. The line of credit
is secured by our accounts receivable and other tangible assets. As of December
31, 1999, we had borrowed $3.0 million against the revolving line of credit. Our
revolving credit line requires us to maintain certain quarterly financial
covenants, including a minimum quick ratio and minimum tangible net worth. We
were in compliance with all of our financial covenants at December 31, 1999.
We currently anticipate that the net proceeds from this offering, together
with our current cash, cash equivalents and available credit facilities, will be
sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital
expenditures for at least the next 12 months. However, we may need to raise
additional funds in future periods through public or private financings, or
other sources, to fund our operations and any potential acquisitions. We may not
be able to obtain adequate or favorable financing when needed. Failure to raise
capital when needed could harm our business. If we raise additional funds
through the issuance of equity securities, the percentage ownership of our
stockholders would be reduced. Furthermore, these equity securities might have
rights, preferences or privileges senior to our common stock.
YEAR 2000 READINESS DISCLOSURE
We have designed our products to be year 2000 compliant, and as a result we
have not experienced year 2000 problems related to our products. The majority of
the computer software and hardware that we use in our internal operations did
not require replacement or modification as a result of the year 2000 issue. We
believe that our significant vendors and service providers are year 2000
compliant and have not, to date, been made aware that any of our significant
vendors or service providers have experienced year 2000 disruptions in their
systems. Accordingly, we do not anticipate incurring material expenses or
experiencing any material operational disruptions as a result of any year 2000
problems.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments
and Hedging Activities." SFAS 133 establishes new standards of accounting and
reporting for derivative instruments and hedging activities. SFAS 133 requires
that all derivatives be recognized at fair value in the statement of financial
position, and that the corresponding gains or losses be reported either in the
statement of operations or as a component of comprehensive income, depending on
the type of hedging relationship that exists. SFAS 133 is effective for fiscal
years beginning after June 15, 2000 and cannot be applied retroactively. The
effect of SFAS 133 is not expected to be material to our financial statements.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As of December 31, 1999, we had no short term investments and thus no
exposure to changes in market values for investments.
We have international facilities and are, therefore, subject to foreign
currency exposure. The local currency is the functional currency for all foreign
sales operations except those in Japan, where the U.S. dollar is the functional
currency. To date, our exposure related to exchange rate volatility has not been
significant. Due to the short term nature of our investments, we do not believe
that we have a material risk exposure with respect to financial instruments.
27
<PAGE> 28
BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
We are a leading supplier of advanced, high productivity semiconductor
processing equipment used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. We provide
our customers with semiconductor manufacturing equipment that delivers higher
productivity and advanced process capability. In addition, through our
international technical support organization and comprehensive warranty program,
we provide world class customer support. Nearly all of our tools are built on a
single platform, known as the Aspen platform. Each Aspen system shares the same
principal architecture, including the main mechanical design, robotics, systems
software, wafer handling interfaces and wafer flow design. Our Aspen platform is
designed to deliver high throughput and low cost of ownership, enhancing the
ability of manufacturers to achieve productivity gains. Our products include
strip, etch, deposition, rapid thermal processing and Epi systems. Our customers
include nine of the top ten semiconductor manufacturers worldwide.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
The manufacture of an integrated circuit, commonly called a chip, requires
a number of complex steps and processes. Most integrated circuits are built on a
base of silicon, called a wafer, and consist of two main structures. The lower
structure is made up of components, typically transistors or capacitors, and the
upper structure consists of the circuitry that connects the components. Building
an integrated circuit requires the deposition of a series of film layers, which
may be conductors, dielectrics (insulators) or semiconductors. The deposition of
these film layers is interspersed with numerous other processes that create
circuit patterns, remove portions of the film layers and perform other functions
such as heat treatment, measurement and inspection. Each step of the
manufacturing process for integrated circuits requires specialized manufacturing
equipment. The overall growth of the semiconductor industry and the increasing
complexity of integrated circuits has led to increasing demand for advanced
semiconductor capital equipment.
HISTORY OF INCREASING SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY
The growth of computer markets and the emergence and growth of new markets
such as wireless communication and digital consumer electronics have contributed
to recent growth in the semiconductor industry. This increase also has been
fueled by the semiconductor industry's ability to supply increasingly complex,
higher performance integrated circuits, while continuing to reduce cost. The
more complex integrated circuits and the accompanying reductions in feature size
require more advanced and expensive wafer fabrication equipment and increase the
average cost of advanced wafer fabrication facilities. For example, the average
cost in 1984 for a 64 kilobit dynamic random access memory integrated circuit,
called a DRAM, fabrication facility was approximately $60.0 million. Today the
cost for a 64 megabit DRAM fabrication facility can range from $1.0 billion to
$2.0 billion. As the semiconductor industry has matured and pricing has become
more competitive, it has become increasingly difficult to achieve manufacturing
efficiencies to offset these increased costs.
Technological advances in semiconductor manufacturing equipment have
historically enabled integrated circuit manufacturers to increase productivity
dramatically by:
- reducing feature size of integrated circuits;
- increasing manufacturing yields;
- improving the utilization of wafer fabrication equipment; and
- increasing the wafer size.
Reducing feature sizes. Smaller feature sizes allow more circuits to fit on
one wafer. Due to this reduction in feature size, the semiconductor industry has
historically been able to double the number of
28
<PAGE> 29
transistors on a given space of silicon every 18 to 24 months. These reductions
have contributed significantly to reducing the manufacturing cost per chip.
Continued innovation in equipment technology would be required, however, to
maintain this trend in device size reduction.
Higher manufacturing yields. In the last fifteen years, manufacturing
yields, or the percentage of good integrated circuits per wafer, have increased
substantially, while the time to reach maximum yield levels during a production
lifecycle has decreased significantly. For example, the percentage of good DRAMs
per wafer during initial production has increased from 20% fifteen years ago to
over 80% at present. Given this high yield, the potential for further yield
improvement per wafer is limited.
Improved equipment utilization. The utilization of semiconductor
manufacturing lines has improved in the last ten years. Manufacturing lines now
operate continuously. In addition, equipment is typically run at utilization
rates of greater than 90%, leaving limited room for further improvement in
equipment utilization.
Larger wafer sizes. By increasing the wafer size, integrated circuit
manufacturers can produce more circuits per wafer, thus reducing the overall
manufacturing costs per chip. Leading edge wafer fabrication lines are currently
using 200 millimeter diameter wafers, up from the 100 millimeter diameter wafers
used ten to fifteen years ago. Currently, some integrated circuit makers are
commencing pilot production lines using 300 millimeter diameter wafers. We
believe that many more manufacturers will add 300 millimeter production
capabilities within the next two to five years. Although the transition to a 300
millimeter wafer size will reduce overall manufacturing costs per chip, we do
not believe that the semiconductor industry will transition as quickly to larger
wafer sizes in the future, limiting the impact on overall manufacturing costs
per chip.
EQUIPMENT PRODUCTIVITY HAS DECLINED
While the semiconductor manufacturing industry has achieved significant
productivity gains through technological advances during the last ten to fifteen
years, equipment productivity has actually declined in favor of improved process
control. Demands from integrated circuit manufacturers for better process
quality control, reduced feature sizes and larger wafer sizes have resulted in a
shift from batch processing, where multiple wafers are processed simultaneously,
to single wafer processing, where one wafer is processed at a time. Although
this shift has enhanced semiconductor quality, it has reduced total wafer
throughput and increased overall equipment cost.
Semiconductor equipment manufacturers initially responded to the problem of
declining equipment productivity by developing cluster tools, which attempt to
increase throughput by employing multiple single wafer processing chambers on a
common handling platform. This architecture provides customers the precision and
control of a single wafer system together with the benefits of increased
productivity. However, compared to batch processing, cluster tools are highly
complex systems, requiring redundant hardware systems that often result in lower
reliability. In addition, cluster tools have only modestly improved upon the
wafer throughput of single wafer processing and have not fully met the
productivity needs of semiconductor manufacturers.
Faced with diminishing productivity gains and increasing equipment costs,
integrated circuit manufacturers have challenged equipment manufacturers to
provide more cost-effective, higher productivity fabrication equipment. This
challenge has led to the use of cost of ownership to measure productivity. Cost
of ownership measures the costs associated with the operation of equipment in a
fabrication line. We calculate the cost of ownership by first estimating the
total costs to operate a system including depreciation, overhead and labor and
materials, and then dividing those costs by the total wafer production by the
system.
The focus by semiconductor manufacturers on cost of ownership and the high
cost of expanding integrated circuit manufacturing facilities has led many of
them to outsource their manufacturing to
29
<PAGE> 30
independent foundries. These foundries have responded to rapidly growing demand
by producing integrated circuits for semiconductor companies that do not own
fabrication lines or manufacturing facilities or for semiconductor manufacturers
which have decided to outsource some of their manufacturing. Since foundries
operate a volume business and produce different integrated circuits for each
manufacturer, they require equipment that can be modified to suit multiple
requirements and are even more focused on productivity and low cost of
ownership.
THE MATTSON SOLUTION
We provide our semiconductor manufacturing customers with equipment that
delivers higher productivity and advanced process capability, together with
world class support. The unique multi-station, multi-chamber architecture of our
Aspen systems integrates all of our common wafer handling functions into a core
platform, which serves as the foundation for nearly all of our products. This
platform is designed to deliver high throughput, low cost of ownership and
savings of expensive cleanroom space, enhancing the ability of manufacturers to
achieve productivity gains.
The key benefits of our solution are:
High productivity. Our systems offer semiconductor manufacturers
improvements in wafer manufacturing productivity and throughput over
conventional single wafer systems and cluster tools. Our unique multi-station,
multi-chamber architecture improves process precision and control while
increasing throughput. In contrast to typical cluster tools, our systems process
multiple wafers in each process chamber, resulting in correspondingly higher
throughput. For example, our Aspen III platform can have three process modules,
each with two process stations, resulting in six wafer processing stations on
one system. In this way, our platform allows multiple process chambers that
support various applications or increased capacity for any one application. By
processing multiple wafers concurrently in one process chamber and using
multiple process chambers, we are able to significantly increase throughput
without sacrificing process quality.
Further productivity gains are achieved by reducing the time during which
the system is not actually processing wafers. For example, our Aspen platform
robotics handle multiple wafers simultaneously. In addition, by using a vacuum
loadlock and handling wafers under vacuum, our Aspen system eliminates the
overhead time required to pump down the process chambers to vacuum and backfill
the chambers to atmospheric pressure after processing. With higher throughput,
our customers require fewer systems, and, accordingly, realize substantial
savings in capital outlay and cleanroom space.
Innovative technology. Our systems provide innovative solutions that
address technical or manufacturing problems of the semiconductor equipment
industry, where traditional technologies have been unable to satisfy emerging
process requirements. For example, when using traditional stripping systems,
submicron etching results in residues that can require multiple acid processing
steps for removal. Using our proprietary inductively coupled plasma strip source
technology, our Aspen Strip's plasma processes are capable of removing many of
these residues without the need for the acid steps. Our Aspen III CVD system has
one of the first process chambers that can process either 200 or 300 millimeter
wafers with only minor modifications. In addition, our Aspen RTP system employs
susceptor-based heating which provides the uniformity and thermal budget control
of a rapid thermal processing system with the reliability and low cost of
ownership of a batch furnace.
World class customer support. We deliver superior customer support and
service to enhance our long term customer relationships. We offer an extensive
warranty, provide unlimited access to training and maintain an international
customer support infrastructure with local support personnel to install systems,
perform warranty and out-of-warranty service and sales support. We offer a
comprehensive standard warranty of up to 36 months in most geographic regions of
the world.
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THE MATTSON STRATEGY
Our objective is to enhance our market position as a leading supplier of
advanced, high productivity manufacturing equipment to the worldwide
semiconductor industry. The key elements of our strategy include:
Deliver high productivity, cost-effective systems. We intend to continue to
be a leading provider of high productivity, low cost of ownership semiconductor
manufacturing equipment. Leveraging the unique benefits of our Aspen platform
and our multi-station process chamber, we intend to continue developing systems
that enable high throughput while maintaining high precision and control, at a
manufacturing cost advantage.
Leverage innovative technologies to provide product differentiation. We
intend to apply our design expertise to provide new solutions that combine
advanced technology with higher productivity. We will leverage our innovative
process chamber design to develop new products that address specific, unmet
needs in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. When we entered the rapid
thermal processing market, we developed a unique process chamber design that
utilized a susceptor-based heater to eliminate the problems associated with
traditional lamp-based rapid thermal processing heating. Similarly, with our
strip system we offer one of the only ICP-based plasma sources.
Increase global market penetration. We plan to increase the penetration of
our products on a worldwide basis and to expand our customer base by leveraging
our position as a global supplier of technologically advanced semiconductor
manufacturing solutions. We believe the Asia-Pacific region, where we have had a
long-standing presence and commitment, offers one of the best growth
opportunities due to the proliferation of independent foundries located in this
region. We believe our global commitment, our extensive customer support and the
high productivity and low cost of ownership of our products make our solutions
particularly well-suited to independent foundries seeking increased efficiency
and reliability.
Capitalize on our diversified product line and rapid time to market. We
intend to leverage our leadership position with the Aspen Strip products to sell
additional products that share our common platform, including our CVD, RTP and
etch products. We believe that our success with our strip products has created
an installed base of existing customers and highlighted the productivity and
cost of ownership advantages of our products. In addition, the modular design of
our Aspen platform enables us to develop new systems by adding different process
chambers to the same platform. By focusing our internal development efforts on
the process module, rather than on an overall system, we reduce development time
for new products, reduce time to market and lower development costs. We intend
to develop new products to meet the evolving requirements of existing customers
and penetrate new customers.
Pursue leadership in the emerging 300 millimeter market. We seek to take a
leading role in the emerging 300 millimeter market and have designed our Aspen
III CVD system to be compatible with both 200 millimeter and 300 millimeter
wafers. We have sold more than twenty 300 millimeter compatible Aspen III Strip
and CVD systems, with systems running at production volumes on both 200
millimeter and 300 millimeter wafers. Our 300 millimeter compatible tools
include the Aspen III Strip, Aspen III LiteEtch and Aspen III CVD systems.
Provide world class customer support. We believe that our international
customer support organization is an important element in establishing and
maintaining long term customer relationships that are often the basis upon which
a semiconductor manufacturer selects an equipment vendor. Further, we intend to
enhance the benefits provided by our products by continuing to build customer
loyalty through the quality of our service and support. We intend to continue to
offer leading all-inclusive warranties, unlimited training and regional field
and process support.
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MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS
PHOTORESIST STRIPPING MARKET
A stripping system removes photoresist and post-etch film residues from a
wafer between every step before further film deposition or diffusion processing.
Methods for stripping photoresist include wet chemistries and dry, or plasma,
technologies. Wet chemical stripping removes photoresist by immersing the wafer
into acid or solvent baths. Dry stripping systems, such as our Aspen Strip,
create gaseous atomic oxygen to which the wafer is exposed to remove the
photoresist and residue while maintaining device integrity.
The demand for photoresist strip equipment has grown as the complexity and
number of strip steps required for each wafer have increased. Complex integrated
circuits require multiple additional photoresist stripping steps, which increase
cost and cycle time, create environmental concerns, increase cleanroom space
requirements and reduce yield. The increase in strip steps in the integrated
circuit manufacturing process has led to a need for semiconductor manufacturers
to increase their photoresist strip capacity and to place greater emphasis on
low damage results and residue-free photoresist stripping. The added complexity
of the strip process has also contributed to higher average selling prices of
such equipment.
Fabrication of advanced integrated circuits with feature sizes under 0.18
micron requires advanced dry strip technologies such as our Aspen Strip. In
addition, faster devices require new interconnect materials, such as low
capacitance, or low k dielectric films and copper for conducting materials. The
use of these new materials creates new challenges for photoresist stripping
equipment. The resist or residues must be removed from these materials without
degrading the low k materials and without oxidizing any exposed copper.
According to Dataquest, the dry strip market was projected to grow from
$163 million to more than $300 million by the year 2002. We entered this market
in 1991 with our Aspen Strip system.
CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION MARKET
Chemical vapor deposition processes are used to deposit dielectric and
conducting films on wafers. These films are the basic material used to form the
resistors, capacitors, and transistors of an integrated circuit. These materials
are also used to form the wiring and insulation between these electrical
components.
Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is a type of chemical vapor
deposition process used to deposit insulating films. Plasma enhanced chemical
vapor deposition allows the system to process wafers at a relatively low
temperature, reducing the risk of damage to aluminum metalization layers during
processing. Film stress and density can be controlled independent of process
chemistry.
As feature sizes continue to decrease, chemical vapor deposition processing
equipment must meet increasingly stringent requirements. Particles or defect
densities must be minimized and controlled to achieve the desired yields. Film
properties such as stress must also be improved and more tightly controlled.
Compatibility with metallization steps, such as aluminum and copper deposition,
are critical. Finally, as process complexity increases with the use of low k and
dual damascene processing solutions, the number of plasma enhanced chemical
vapor deposition steps increases significantly and system productivity increases
in importance.
Dataquest estimated that the segments of the CVD market for CVD dielectrics
in which we compete was approximately $1.1 billion in 1999 and would grow to
more than $2.5 billion in the year 2002. We entered this market in 1994, with
the introduction of our second system, Aspen CVD.
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RAPID THERMAL PROCESSING MARKET
Rapid thermal processing is the process by which annealing or heating of
semiconductor wafers is accomplished with minimum thermal exposure.
Historically, diffusion furnaces have been used to heat-treat large batches of
wafers. As device features have become smaller, the total temperature exposure
of the wafer, or the thermal budget, has decreased. Diffusion furnaces have long
processing times, which is unacceptable for many annealing processes. Rapid
thermal processing subjects the wafer to much shorter processing times, thus
reducing the thermal budget. Individual wafers are rapidly heated to process
temperature, held for a few seconds and rapidly cooled. Traditional rapid
thermal processing systems use heat lamps, located outside the process area, and
heat the wafer by radiant energy that passes through transparent windows.
As device geometries and thermal budgets shrink, rapid thermal processing
is emerging as a key semiconductor processing technology. As the number of
layers on semiconductor wafers has increased, the demand for rapid thermal
processing equipment specific to applications in the fabrication process has
also increased. As with chemical vapor deposition technology, rapid thermal
processing systems are continuing to be subject to increasingly stringent
processing demands and must maintain uniformity and repeatability to ensure the
integrity of the integrated circuit.
Dataquest estimated that the combined rapid thermal processing and furnace
market was $553 million in 1999 and projected that the market would increase to
more than $1.2 billion in the year 2002.
ISOTROPIC ETCH MARKET
The etching process selectively removes patterned material from the surface
of a wafer to create the device structures. With the development of sub-micron
integrated circuit feature sizes, dry, or plasma, etching has become one of the
most frequently used processes in semiconductor manufacturing. Today, chemical
dry etch processes are applicable to a broad range of critical and non-critical
applications throughout the wafer manufacturing process.
An isotropic, or multi-directional, etch system performs a variety of etch
processes on semiconductor wafers that can be used in several steps in a typical
0.18 micron chip fabrication. As device feature sizes continue to decrease,
processes used to remove films from wafers must be ever more selective to
prevent damage to the films in the underlying layers. This process capability
and control is necessary to produce reliable and yielding devices. As device
geometries shrink below 0.18 micron, the ability to maintain process control
with wet chemicals will be limited.
EPI MARKET
Epitaxial, or Epi, deposition systems grow a layer of extremely pure
silicon on a wafer in a uniform crystalline structure to form a high quality
base for building certain types of chips. The silicon properties of the epitaxy
produce a more controlled silicon growth than do manufactured silicon wafers and
offer features that differentiate it from manufactured silicon wafers. The use
of epitaxy can result in significant increases in yield during the manufacturing
process and can enable the manufacture of novel structures. In addition, device
manufacturers are able to manipulate and tightly control the quality and
conductivity of the silicon.
The market is broken into two segments: applications that require thin Epi,
which are typically less than five microns thick, and applications that require
thicker Epi film layers, including analog and power devices, sometimes as thick
as 100 microns. Our EpiPro series uses a dual chamber batch system that
addresses the thick Epi market. Our EpiPro series was introduced in 1998.
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<PAGE> 34
PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGY
Nearly all of our tools are built on a common platform, known as the Aspen
System. The Aspen II platform was introduced in 1993 and is used for four
product lines, accounting for the majority of our historical revenue. This
platform processes wafers from 100 millimeter to 200 millimeter in diameter. The
Aspen Strip, Aspen CVD, Aspen RTP and LiteEtch products are all based on the
Aspen II platform, which includes wafer handling robotics, dual loadlocks,
control electronics and system software.
Our Aspen III platform was introduced in 1998 and is targeted for advanced
design features on 300 millimeter and some 200 millimeter wafers. This next
generation platform is designed to improve productivity and throughput. All of
our 300 millimeter systems are built using this platform. In 1998, we developed
the Aspen III Strip and Aspen III CVD equipment for 300 millimeter strip and
chemical vapor deposition processes based on the new Aspen III platform.
The chart below summarizes our product offerings and applications and the
platforms used for each product line.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS SYSTEM PLATFORM
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASPEN II STRIP Using dry chemistry, this Aspen II for 100-200mm
inductively coupled plasma strip
ASPEN III STRIP system removes photoresist and Aspen III for 300mm
post-etch residues before further
film deposition or diffusion
processing while maintaining device
integrity.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASPEN II CVD Plasma enhanced chemical vapor Aspen II for 100-200mm
deposition system deposits
ASPEN III CVD insulating dielectric films on Aspen III for 200-300mm
wafers.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASPEN RTP(FR3) Rapid thermal processing using a Aspen II for 100-200mm
susceptor-based heater used for
implant anneals, silicide Aspen III for 300mm under
formations, high and low k development
dielectric anneals, glass reflow,
and copper anneal.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASPEN II LITEETCH Isotropic etch system using a Aspen II for 100-200mm
patented inductively coupled plasma
ASPEN III LITEETCH source, designed for a variety of Aspen III for 300mm
etch processes used in several steps
in a typical 0.18 micron chip
fabrication.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPIPRO SERIES Dual chamber, batch reactor deposits Non-Aspen platform for 75-200mm
a wide range of epitaxial silicon
film thickness with tight process
control.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
THE ASPEN STRIP
The Aspen II Strip consists of the standard Aspen II platform together with
one or two processing chambers. Each chamber processes two wafers at a time.
System throughput varies with the photoresist thickness and is approximately 90
to 130 wafers per hour with one chamber and 110 to 160 wafers per hour with two
chambers for most applications. The residue removal capability of this system
reduces the need for wet chemical steps, which allows a greater reduction in
cost of ownership by decreasing the number of wet stations required.
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<PAGE> 35
The Aspen III Strip consists of the standard Aspen III platform together
with one, two or three processing chambers. Each chamber processes two wafers at
a time. System throughput varies with the resist thickness and is approximately
140 to 180 wafers per hour with one chamber, 160 to 200 wafers per hour with two
chambers and greater than or equal to 200 wafers per hour with three chambers
for most applications. The innovative system design exceeds the current
throughput, cost of ownership and footprint requirements set by industry
consortia for 300 millimeter strip equipment. We believe the two chamber Aspen
III Strip offers a substantial reduction in cost of ownership relative to
conventional 300 millimeter single wafer systems.
Each of our Aspen II and Aspen III Strip systems use one of our two
proprietary inductively coupled plasma, or ICP, source technologies to remove
photoresist and residue from the wafer. Our ICP technology was introduced in
1997 to further extend the capability for removal of the most difficult residues
formed during semiconductor processing. The ICP's thorough residue removal
capability reduces the need for wet chemical steps. This physically remote
plasma source generates a gentle, low energy plasma that achieves advanced
photoresist stripping and residue removal and low contamination while
maintaining device integrity and without additional chemical processing. The ICP
source was specifically designed for advanced semiconductor device manufacturing
processes of 0.18 micron and below. When combined with an Aspen II or Aspen III
platform, we believe that the Aspen Strip system provides significant cost of
ownership advantages.
Our second source technology, our Aspen ICP(SM), with selectable mode
offers manufacturers advanced low temperature strip capabilities and allows the
user to select the plasma mode for each step in the process. The Aspen ICP(SM)
system is applicable to a variety of advanced applications, including high dose
implant strip, via residue removal, post metal etch residue removal, and surface
cleaning for advanced silicide applications, as well as cleaning low k trenches
or vias.
We have also developed a strip solution for low k cleaning that is
currently being used in production. Our new strip capability provides advanced
processing recipes that enable interconnect technology for 0.18 micron and
smaller geometries using a wide range of hydrogen and fluorine chemistries. This
Aspen Strip feature enables manufacturers to clean vias or trenches with exposed
low k materials while maintaining low k film integrity. In addition, it enables
effective cleaning of copper films. The low k strip feature can be ordered as an
option with ICP and/or ICP(SM) chambers.
THE ASPEN CVD
The Aspen II CVD system is based on the Aspen II platform. The Aspen II CVD
system can be configured with one or two process chambers, and each chamber can
process four wafers at a time. The second chamber can be used to increase
throughput with a minimal increase in footprint.
The Aspen III CVD system is based on the Aspen III platform and can be
configured with one, two or three process chambers, where each chamber can
process two wafers at a time. The Aspen III CVD system deposits dielectric film
and silane-based films, and we offer a number of plasma enhanced chemical vapor
deposition applications. Depending on the type of film deposited, the Aspen III
CVD has the capability to process up to 180 wafers per hour, affording a cost of
ownership advantage not found on competitive systems. The Aspen III CVD features
a small volume chamber design that allows shortened automatic clean times for
increased system availability and uptime. The smaller chamber also permits
higher deposition rates. The resulting higher throughput permits the use of
slower, more consistent and less damaging process technologies than are
economically feasible in conventional single wafer systems.
Our plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology allows the system
to process wafers at the relatively low temperature of 400 degrees Celsius or
less, required for processing after aluminum metallization layers are deposited
on the wafer. Film stress and density can be controlled independent of process
chemistry by the use of a low frequency radio frequency bias. Our dual loadlocks
isolate the
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<PAGE> 36
process chamber from pressure and temperature fluctuations. This isolation of
the process chamber reduces particulates and improves film quality and
repeatability.
The Aspen III CVD system is one of the first chemical vapor deposition
bridge systems in the industry that is capable of handling both 200 millimeter
and 300 millimeter wafer production with minor modifications to the platform.
Other 200 millimeter systems cannot convert to 300 millimeter production, or may
require completely new process chambers to convert to 300 millimeter production.
The flexible system design addresses the needs of large volume manufacturing
where cost is a major consideration. Aspen III CVD has one of the smallest
footprints available in 200 and 300 millimeter plasma enhanced chemical vapor
deposition tools and provides a throughput advantage for selected thin film
applications.
We believe that the Aspen III CVD system is well positioned for dual
damascene processing applications, where more plasma enhanced chemical vapor
deposition layers are required. Dual damascene applications require two to three
thin dielectric layers.
THE ASPEN RTP(FR3)
Based on the Aspen II platform, the Aspen RTP(FR3) is designed to meet the
requirements for advanced sub 0.18 micron processing while satisfying the
demands of high volume manufacturing. It handles up to 110 wafers per hour for
selected processes. The simple design of the process chamber has no moving parts
and no consumables, which contributes to its low preventive maintenance
requirements. Because the system uses a susceptor instead of conventional lamp
rapid thermal processing technology, power consumption has been minimized,
further reducing maintenance requirements, consumables costs and cost of
ownership.
Our Aspen RTP(FR3) system employs susceptor-based heating technology for
temperature stability, uniformity and repeatability in a wide operating range of
100 to 1200(LOGO) Celsius to handle both rapid thermal processing and many
furnace applications. The system provides a number of leading edge applications.
Our Aspen RTP(FR3) system features thermal isolation to keep the uniformity of
the wafer temperature independent of the process temperature. Uniformity can be
achieved over a wide range of process temperatures for both long and short
process times. Proprietary wafer handling techniques are used to remove wafers
from the chamber at process temperature, eliminating the cool-down time required
by other systems. Our wafer handling also achieves high throughput that results
in lower thermal budgets. After processing, the system can also perform chamber
cleaning without operator intervention.
THE ASPEN LITEETCH
Our isotropic etch products, the Aspen II LiteEtch and Aspen III LiteEtch,
use our proprietary ICP source, the same source used in our Aspen Strip product.
This physically remote ICP source uses a high pressure plasma process to produce
a low energy plasma that achieves high etch rates with better etch rate
uniformity, greater profile control and selectivity and low wafer damage, while
minimizing electrically charged particles that can damage sensitive
semiconductor devices. With the transition from wet to dry processing for key
application steps, we believe that Aspen LiteEtch offers enabling technological
capabilities with the benefits of dry etch tools. These benefits include lower
cost of ownership than wet stations and lower capital outlay than anisotropic
etchers, savings in cleanroom floorspace and greater process automation for ease
of use, as well as reduced chemical waste.
The Aspen LiteEtch system is available on our standard Aspen II platform,
together with one or two process chambers, or our Aspen III platform, together
with one, two or three process chambers. Each chamber processes two wafers at a
time, while retaining single wafer process control. For most applications,
system throughput typically varies with the process from 40 to 80 wafers per
hour for a single chamber system and from 70 to 110 wafers per hour for a dual
chamber system.
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EPIPRO SYSTEMS
The EpiPro series is our next-generation, cost-effective Epi reactor for
epitaxial deposition. This high capacity system is capable of depositing a wide
range of film thicknesses on 75 millimeter to 200 millimeter silicon wafers,
while simultaneously reducing the cost of Epi processing. By improving
throughput, the customer is able to reduce the cost of depositing Epi layers.
This is a primary purchasing consideration of our targeted market segment,
manufacturers of semiconductors with thick Epi layers.
The EpiPro epitaxy reactor is specifically designed for growing Epi layers
on silicon wafers. The system supports long processing times at high
temperatures with a high degree of thickness and resistivity uniformity across
the wafer and achieves customer specifications for silicon lattice defects.
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
We believe that our customer support organization is critical to
establishing and maintaining the long term customer relationships that often are
the basis upon which semiconductor manufacturers select their equipment vendor.
Our customer support organization is headquartered in Fremont, California, with
additional employees located domestically in Arizona, Idaho, Maryland,
Massachusetts, New Jersey, Oregon, Texas and Virginia and internationally in
Germany, Italy, France, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and the United Kingdom.
Our support personnel have technical backgrounds, with process, mechanical, and
electronics training, and are supported by our engineering and applications
personnel. Support personnel install systems, perform warranty and
out-of-warranty service, and provide sales support.
We were the first in the industry to offer a standard 24 month warranty,
and in 1996, the first to offer a standard 36 month warranty. We offer a 36
month warranty on all of our systems sold after January 1996, other than our
EpiPro 5000 system and other than those sold in Japan. Our 36 month warranty,
designed to differentiate our service from other semiconductor equipment
suppliers, includes preventive maintenance during warranty as well as
installation support. Our 36 month warranty also specifies no consumables costs,
which can be a significant factor in cost of ownership calculations. We offer a
12 month warranty in Japan and on our EpiPro 5000 system. We also offer
unlimited access to no-cost training at our headquarters, maintain spare parts
depots in every region for four hour parts turnaround and provide regional field
and process support.
SALES AND MARKETING
We sell our systems primarily through our direct sales force. In addition
to the direct sales force at our headquarters in Fremont, California, we have
domestic regional sales offices located in Arizona, Maryland, New Jersey, Oregon
and Texas. We also maintain sales support offices in Germany, Italy, Japan,
Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom. We are continuing to increase
the size of our sales force both domestically and internationally.
We are in the process of establishing a direct sales force in Japan and
terminating our distribution relationship with our distributor, Marubeni. By
establishing our own direct sales force, we believe we can continue to increase
our sales in Japan and provide our customers with improved customer service. We
expect that this process will be completed during the first half of 2000. We may
be required to repurchase up to $1.0 million of inventory related to our sales
to Marubeni as a result of the termination of the distribution agreement. We
recorded deferred income at the time of sale to cover this right of return.
Although we intend to invest significant resources in our sales efforts in
Japan, including hiring additional personnel to support our direct sales effort,
we may not be able to maintain or increase our sales to the Japanese
semiconductor industry. We may miss sales opportunities or lose competitive
sales as a result of this transition in our sales organization. When we make
sales directly to customers in Japan, we expect payment terms to be as long as
180 days from shipment, and we may incur currency risk if sales are denominated
in Japanese Yen.
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<PAGE> 38
International sales accounted for 71% of total net sales in 1999, 67% in
1998 and 65% in 1997. We anticipate that international sales will continue to
account for a significant portion of net sales. International sales are subject
to certain risks, including unexpected changes in regulatory requirements,
exchange rates, tariffs and other barriers, political and economic instability,
difficulties in accounts receivable collections, extended payment terms,
difficulties in managing distributors or representatives, difficulties in
staffing and managing foreign subsidiary operations and potentially adverse tax
consequences. Because of our dependence upon international sales in general, and
on sales to Japan and Pacific Rim countries in particular, we are particularly
at risk to effects from developments such as the recent Asian economic problems.
Our foreign sales are also subject to certain governmental restrictions,
including the Export Administration Act and the regulations promulgated under
this Act. For a discussion of the risks associated with our international sales,
see "Risk Factors -- We Are Highly Dependent on Our International Sales,
Particularly Sales in Asian Countries, and If We Are Unable to Sustain and
Increase Our International Sales, We May Not Achieve Anticipated Revenue
Growth."
CUSTOMERS
The following is a representative list of our major semiconductor
manufacturing customers:
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Advanced Micro Devices Microchip Technology Sony
Hitachi NEC Corporation STMicroelectronics
IBM Microelectronics Samsung Texas Instruments
</TABLE>
The following is a representative list of our major foundry customers:
Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing/Silicon Manufacturing Partners
Pte. Ltd.
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
Silicon Integrated Systems
UMC Group
WaferTech
In 1999, one customer, Samsung, accounted for approximately 20% of our net
sales and in 1997, one customer, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company,
accounted for approximately 11% of our net sales. Although the composition of
the group comprising our largest customers has varied from year to year, our top
ten customers accounted for 63% of our net sales in 1999, 56% in 1998 and 60% in
1997. For a discussion of risks associated with changes in our customer base,
see "Risk Factors -- Year-to-Year Changes in Our List of Major Customers Make It
Difficult to Forecast Our Revenue and Achieve Our Sales Goals."
BACKLOG
We schedule production of our systems based on both backlog and regular
sales forecasts. We include in backlog only those systems for which we have
accepted purchase orders and assigned shipment dates within the next 12 months.
All orders are subject to cancellation or delay by the customer with limited or
no penalty. Our backlog was approximately $56.1 million as of December 31, 1999,
$22.7 million as of December 31, 1998 and $41.5 million as of December 31, 1997.
The year-to-year fluctuation is due primarily to the cyclical nature of the
semiconductor industry. Our backlog at any particular date is not necessarily
representative of actual sales to be expected for any succeeding period and our
actual sales for the year may not meet or exceed the backlog represented.
Because of possible changes in delivery schedules and cancellations of orders,
our backlog at any particular date is not necessarily representative of actual
sales for any succeeding period. In particular, during periods of industry
downturns we have experienced significant delays relating to orders that were
previously booked and included in backlog.
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RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING
Our research, development and engineering efforts are focused upon our
multi-product strategy. During recent periods, we have devoted a significant
amount of resources to our Aspen III platform, the Aspen III CVD system,
improvements to our Aspen RTP(FR3) system and the EpiPro 5000 system. We expect
to focus our future efforts on our Aspen III RTP system for 300 millimeter
applications, development of a low k chemical vapor deposition film using our
Aspen CVD system, development of advanced resist and residue cleaning
capabilities and additional features on our Aspen III platform.
We have been actively involved in the development of advanced low k plasma
enhanced chemical vapor deposition processing with various customers around the
world. By using standard hardware with gas changes, we have been able to deposit
stable films with k values as low as 2.6. These low k values will become
increasingly important as device feature sizes continue to be reduced and
line-to-line capacitance becomes a limiter to the speed of integrated circuit
devices.
We maintain an applications laboratory in Fremont to test new systems and
customer-specific equipment designs. By basing products on the Aspen platform,
we believe that we can focus our development activities on the process chamber
and develop new products quickly and at relatively low cost. For example, we
believe we were able to reduce new product development time on our CVD, RTP and
LiteEtch products.
The markets in which our customers and we compete are characterized by
rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and continuous
improvements in products and services. Because of continual changes in these
markets, we believe that our future success will depend upon our ability to
continue to improve our existing systems and process technologies, and to
develop systems and new technologies that compete effectively. In addition, we
must adapt our systems and processes to technological changes and to support
emerging industry standards for target markets. We cannot be sure that we will
complete our existing and future development efforts within our anticipated
schedule or that our new or enhanced products will have the features to make
them successful. We may experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the
successful development, introduction or marketing of new or improved systems or
process technologies. In addition, these new and improved systems and process
technologies may not meet the requirements of the marketplace and achieve market
acceptance. Furthermore, despite testing by us, difficulties could be
encountered with our products after shipment, resulting in loss of revenue or
delay in market acceptance and sales, diversion of development resources, injury
to our reputation or increased service and warranty costs. The success of new
system introductions is dependent on a number of factors, including timely
completion of new system designs and market acceptance. If we are unable to
improve our existing systems and process technologies or to develop new
technologies or systems, we may lose sales and customers.
Our research, development and engineering expenses were $19.5 million for
the year ended December 31, 1999, $16.7 million for the year ended December 31,
1998 and $14.7 million for the year ended December 31, 1997, representing 18.9%
of net sales in 1999, 28.2% in 1998 and 19.2% in 1997.
COMPETITION
The global semiconductor fabrication equipment industry is intensely
competitive and is characterized by rapid technological change and demanding
customer service requirements. Our ability to compete depends upon our ability
to continually improve our products, processes and services and our ability to
develop new products that meet constantly evolving customer requirements.
A substantial capital investment is required by semiconductor manufacturers
to install and integrate new fabrication equipment into a semiconductor
production line. As a result, once a semiconductor manufacturer has selected a
particular supplier's products, the manufacturer often relies for a significant
period of time upon that equipment for the specific production line application
and frequently will
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<PAGE> 40
attempt to consolidate its other capital equipment requirements with the same
supplier. Accordingly, it is difficult for us to sell to a particular customer
for a significant period of time after that customer has selected a competitor's
product, and it may be difficult for us to unseat an existing relationship that
a potential customer has with one of our competitors in order to increase sales
of our products to that customer.
Each of our product lines competes in markets defined by the particular
wafer fabrication process it performs. In each of these markets we have multiple
competitors. At present, however, no single competitor competes with us in all
of the same market segments in which we compete. Competitors in a given
technology tend to have different degrees of market presence in the various
regional geographic markets. Competition is based on many factors, primarily
technological innovation, productivity, total cost of ownership of the systems,
including yield, price, product performance and throughput capability, quality,
contamination control, reliability and customer support. We believe that our
competitive position in each of our markets is based on the ability of our
products and services to address customer requirements related to these
competitive factors.
Our principal competitors in the dry strip market include Alcan Technology,
Eaton Corporation, GaSonics International, Hitachi, KEM, Matrix Integrated
Systems and Plasma Systems. We believe that we compete favorably on each of the
competitive elements in this market and estimate that we are the leading
provider of dry strip products. The market in which our Aspen LiteEtch products
compete is a relatively small niche market with no dominant competitors.
Principal competitors for our Aspen LiteEtch systems include GaSonics, Lam
Research, Shibaura Mechatronics and Tegal. Principal competitors for our Aspen
CVD systems include Applied Materials, ASM International and Novellus Systems,
with Applied Materials and Novellus representing a major share of the market.
Principal competitors for our Aspen RTP systems include Applied Materials and
Steag Microelectronics. Principal competitors for our EpiPro systems include
Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing, LPE Products, Moore Technology and
Toshiba.
We may not be able to maintain our competitive position against current and
potential competition. New products, pricing pressures, rapid changes in
technology and other competitive actions from both new and existing competitors
could materially affect our market position. Some of our competitors have
substantially greater installed customer bases and greater financial, marketing,
technical and other resources than we do and may be able to respond more quickly
to new or changing opportunities, technologies and customer requirements. Our
competitors may introduce or acquire competitive products that offer enhanced
technologies and improvements. In addition, some of our competitors or potential
competitors have greater name recognition and more extensive customer bases that
could be leveraged to gain market share to our detriment. We believe that the
semiconductor equipment industry will continue to be subject to increased
consolidation, which will increase the number of larger, more powerful companies
and increase competition.
MANUFACTURING
Our manufacturing operations are based in our Fremont facility and consist
of procurement, subassembly, final assembly, test and reliability engineering.
Our current Strip, CVD, RTP and LiteEtch systems are based on the Aspen
platform, enabling us to use a large number of common subassemblies and
components. Many of the major assemblies are procured complete from outside
sources. We focus our internal manufacturing efforts on those precision
mechanical and electro-mechanical assemblies that differentiate our systems from
those of our competitors.
Some of our components are obtained from a sole supplier or a limited group
of suppliers. We generally acquire these components on a purchase order basis
and not under long term supply contracts. Our reliance on outside vendors
generally, and a limited group of suppliers in particular, involves several
risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required
components and reduced
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<PAGE> 41
control over pricing and timely delivery of components. Because the manufacture
of certain of these components and subassemblies is an extremely complex process
and can require long lead times, we could experience delays or shortages caused
by suppliers. Historically, we have not experienced any significant delays in
manufacturing due to an inability to obtain components, and we are not currently
aware of any specific problems regarding the availability of components that
might significantly delay the manufacturing of our systems in the future.
However, any inability to obtain adequate deliveries or any other circumstance
that would require us to seek alternative sources of supply or to manufacture
such components internally could delay our ability to ship our systems and could
have a material adverse effect on us.
We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local laws, rules and
regulations relating to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of hazardous
chemicals used during our sales demonstrations and research and development.
Public attention has increasingly been focused on the environmental impact of
operations which use hazardous materials. Failure to comply with present or
future regulations could result in substantial liability to us, suspension or
cessation of our operations, restrictions on our ability to expand at our
present locations or requirements for the acquisition of significant equipment
or other significant expense. To date, compliance with environmental rules and
regulations has not had a material effect on our operations.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret
laws, non-disclosure agreements and other intellectual property protection
methods to protect our proprietary technology. We hold more than eight United
States patents and corresponding foreign patents and more than 20 patent
applications pending covering various aspects of our products and processes.
Where appropriate, we intend to file additional patent applications on
inventions resulting from our ongoing research, development and manufacturing
activities to strengthen our intellectual property rights.
Although we attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through
patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other measures, we cannot be sure that we
will be able to protect our technology adequately, and our competitors could
independently develop similar technology, duplicate our products or design
around our patents. To the extent we wish to assert our patent rights, we cannot
be sure that any claims of our patents will be sufficiently broad to protect our
technology or that our pending patent applications will be approved. In
addition, there can be no assurance that any patents issued to us will not be
challenged, invalidated or circumvented, that any rights granted under these
patents will provide adequate protection to us, or that we will have sufficient
resources to protect and enforce our rights. In addition, the laws of some
foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights to as great an extent
as do the laws of the United States.
As is customary in our industry, from time to time we receive or make
inquiries regarding possible infringement of patents or other intellectual
property rights. Although there are no pending claims against us regarding
infringement of any existing patents or other intellectual property rights or
any unresolved notices that we are infringing intellectual property rights of
others, such infringement claims could be asserted against us or our suppliers
by third parties in the future. Any claims, with or without merit, could be
time-consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product shipment delays,
subject us to significant liabilities to third parties, require us to enter into
royalty or licensing agreements, or prevent us from manufacturing and selling
our products. If our products were found to infringe a third party's proprietary
rights, we could be required to enter into royalty or licensing agreements in
order to continue to be able to sell our products. Royalty or licensing
agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at
all, which could seriously harm our business. Our involvement in any patent
dispute or other intellectual property dispute or action to protect trade
secrets and know-how could have a material adverse effect on our business.
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<PAGE> 42
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 1999, we had 443 employees. There were 104 employees in
manufacturing operations, 96 in research, development and engineering, 200 in
sales, marketing and field service and customer support, and 43 in general,
administrative and finance.
The success of our future operations depends in large part on our ability
to recruit and retain qualified employees, particularly those highly skilled
design, process and test engineers involved in the manufacture of existing
systems and the development of new systems and processes. The competition for
such personnel is intense, particularly in the San Francisco Bay Area, where our
headquarters is located. At times we have experienced difficulty in attracting
new personnel and we may not be successful in retaining or recruiting sufficient
key personnel in the future. None of our employees is represented by a labor
union and we have never experienced a work stoppage, slowdown or strike. We
consider our relationships with our employees to be good.
PROPERTIES
We maintain our headquarters in Fremont, California. We have leases for two
facilities of 61,000 and 60,000 square feet, which expire in February 2001 and
April 2003, respectively. Our future growth may require that we secure
additional facilities or expand our current facilities further before the term
of our headquarters lease expires. Any move to new facilities or expansion could
be disruptive and cause us to incur significant unexpected expense. We also
lease sales support offices in Japan, Singapore, Korea, Taiwan and Germany with
expiration dates from August 2000 through January 2001.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are not aware of any pending legal proceedings against us that,
individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results or financial condition. We may in the future be
party to litigation arising in the course of our business, including claims that
we allegedly infringe third party trademarks and other intellectual property
rights. Such claims, even if not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of
significant financial and managerial resources.
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<PAGE> 43
MANAGEMENT
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
The following table sets forth information about our executive officers,
directors and other officers as of January 1, 2000 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION
---- --- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Brad Mattson.............. 45 Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
David Dutton.............. 39 Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
Brian McDonald............ 43 Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Yasuhiko Morita........... 58 Vice President, Global Sales
Walter Kasianchuk(1)...... 50 General Manager and Vice President, Epitaxial Product Division
John C. Savage............ 51 Director
Kenneth G. Smith.......... 50 Director
Shigeru Nakayama.......... 64 Director
Ken Kannappan............. 40 Director
</TABLE>
- -------------------------
(1) This individual is not an executive officer or director but is deemed to be
a significant employee who makes or is expected to make a significant
contribution to our business.
Brad Mattson founded Mattson in November 1988 and has served as Chief
Executive Officer and Chairman since its inception, and until January 1997
served as our President. Mr. Mattson was the founder of Novellus Systems, Inc.,
and formerly served as its President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman. He
has held previous executive positions at Applied Materials and LFE Corporation,
semiconductor equipment companies.
David Dutton joined Mattson as General Manager in the Strip/Plasma Etch
division in 1994. In March 1998, Mr. Dutton became Executive Vice President and
Chief Operating Officer of Mattson. From 1984 to 1993, Mr. Dutton served as an
engineer and then manager in plasma etch processing and yield enhancement at
Intel Corp. From 1993 to 1994, Mr. Dutton was Engineering Manager for Thin Films
Processing at Maxim Integrated Products.
Brian McDonald joined Mattson as Vice President, Finance and Chief
Financial Officer in April 1999. From 1993 to July 1998, Mr. McDonald was Vice
President of Finance for the Central Technology and Manufacturing division of
National Semiconductor Corporation. Mr. McDonald previously held senior finance
positions at National Semiconductor, Read-Rite Corporation and Micro Linear
Corporation.
Yasuhiko Morita has served as Mattson's Vice President, Global Sales since
January 1999. From January 1996 to January 1999, Mr. Morita was President of
Mattson's majority-owned Japanese subsidiary, Mattson Technology Center, K.K.
Mr. Morita served on Mattson's board of directors from April 1994 through
February 1996. Mr. Morita was Executive Vice President of Marubeni Hytech
Corporation from 1966 to December 1995 and served as a Director of Marubeni
Hytech Corporation from 1988 through 1995.
Walter Kasianchuk joined Mattson as General Manager and Vice President,
Epitaxial Product Division in September 1999. From 1995 to 1999, Mr. Kasianchuk
was Executive Vice President of Engineering and Technology at Mitsubishi Silicon
America. From 1983 to 1995, Mr. Kasianchuk held senior management positions with
Siltec Corp., and from 1977 to 1982, Mr. Kasianchuk held management positions
with Monsanto.
John C. Savage joined Mattson as a member of its board of directors in
October 1992. Since July 1998, Mr. Savage has been a partner at Alliant
Partners, a venture buyout partnership. From 1990 to July
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<PAGE> 44
1998, Mr. Savage was managing partner of Glenwood Capital Partners, a venture
buyout firm, and from 1996 to 1999 was managing director of Redwood Partners
LLC, an affiliated venture buyout and investment banking firm. Mr. Savage is a
director of FileNet Corporation, an electronic document management company. Mr.
Savage is currently a member of the Audit Committee of our board of directors.
Kenneth G. Smith joined Mattson as a member of its board of directors in
August 1994. Since May 1996, Mr. Smith has been President, Chief Operating
Officer and a Director of WaferTech, a semiconductor manufacturer. From 1992 to
1996, Mr. Smith was Vice President of Operations at Micron Semiconductor, Inc.,
a semiconductor manufacturer, and from 1989 to 1992, Mr. Smith was a Fabrication
Manager at Micron Semiconductor. Mr. Smith is a member of the Audit Committee
and the Compensation Committee of our board of directors.
Shigeru Nakayama joined Mattson as a member of its board of directors in
May 1996. Since 1996, Mr. Nakayama has been a business consultant to
Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International, an international
association of semiconductor equipment manufacturers and materials suppliers.
From 1984 to 1994, Mr. Nakayama was the President of SEMI Japan, a member of
Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International.
Ken Kannappan joined Mattson as a member of its board of directors in July
1998. In March 1998, Mr. Kannappan was appointed President and Chief Executive
Officer of Plantronics, Inc., a telecommunications equipment manufacturer. From
February 1995 to 1998, Mr. Kannappan held various positions at Plantronics, Inc.
From 1991 to 1995, Mr. Kannappan was Senior Vice President of Kidder, Peabody &
Co. Incorporated, an investment banking company. Mr. Kannappan is a member of
the Compensation Committee and the Audit Committee of our board of directors.
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<PAGE> 45
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Our authorized capital stock consists of 60,000,000 shares of common stock
and 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of December 31, 1999, there were
16,216,144 shares of common stock and no shares of preferred stock outstanding.
COMMON STOCK
Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred
stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably dividends as may
be declared by our board of directors out of the funds legally available
therefor. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share
held of record by the holder. If we liquidate, dissolve or wind up the company,
holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining
after payment of liabilities and the liquidation preference of any outstanding
preferred stock. The outstanding shares of common stock have no preemptive,
subscription, redemption or conversion rights. Cumulative voting for the
election of directors is not authorized by our certificate of incorporation,
which means that the holders of a majority of the shares voted can elect all of
the directors then standing for election. All of the outstanding shares of
common stock are, and the shares to be outstanding upon completion of this
offering will be, fully paid and nonassessable. The rights, preferences and
privileges of the holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely
affected by, the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock which we
may designate and issue in the future.
PREFERRED STOCK
The board of directors is authorized, without further action by the
stockholders, subject to any limitations prescribed by law, to designate and
issue up to 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series. The board
of directors can fix the rights, preferences and privileges of the shares of
each series and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions on these shares.
The board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with
voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or
other rights of the holders of common stock. The issuance of preferred stock,
while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other
corporate purposes could, under some circumstances, have the effect of delaying,
deferring or preventing a change in control of Mattson. We have no current plans
to issue any shares of preferred stock.
DELAWARE LAW AND CERTAIN CHARTER PROVISIONS
We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In
general, this provision generally prohibits any Delaware corporation from
engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a
period of three years following the date the stockholder became an interested
stockholder, unless:
- prior to that date the board of directors approved either the business
combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming
an interested stockholder;
- upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder
becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at
least 85% of the voting stock outstanding at the time the transaction
began; or
- on or following that date, the business combination is approved by the
board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of
stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the
outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder.
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<PAGE> 46
Section 203 defines a business combination to include:
- any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested
stockholder;
- any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the
assets of the corporation involving the interested stockholder;
- subject to certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the
issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation
to the interested stockholder;
- any transaction involving the corporation that has the effect of
increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or series of
the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or
- the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans,
advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or
through the corporation.
In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or
person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the
corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or
controlled by the entity or person. The existence of this provision could have
the effect of discouraging takeover attempts, including attempts that might
result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may limit the ability of
stockholders to change the size of the board of directors and to fill vacancies
on the board of directors. Our certificate of incorporation provides that any
action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders may be taken only
at a duly called annual or special meeting of the stockholders. The certificate
of incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of
directors. The bylaws also establish procedures, including advance notice
procedures, with regard to the nomination, other than by or at the direction of
the board of directors, of candidates for elections as directors or for
stockholder proposals to be submitted at stockholder meetings. The amendment of
any of these provisions would require approval by holders of two-thirds or more
of the outstanding common stock.
These and other provisions could have the effect of making it more
difficult to effect a change in the control of the board of directors. This may
discourage tender offers for our common stock, including offers at a premium
over the market price. These provisions also may result in a delay in changes in
control and of management. These provisions could have the effect of making it
more difficult for proposals favored by stockholders to be presented for
stockholder consideration.
We have also included in our certificate of incorporation provisions to
eliminate the personal liability of our officers and directors for monetary
damages resulting from breaches of their fiduciary duty to the extent permitted
by Delaware law and to indemnify our officers and directors to the fullest
extent permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware law.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is ChaseMellon
Shareholder Services. Its address is 235 Montgomery Street, Suite 2300, San
Francisco, CA 94104 and its telephone number at this location is (415) 743-1444.
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<PAGE> 47
UNDERWRITERS
Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the underwriting
agreement, the underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley & Co.
Incorporated, Hambrecht & Quist LLC, Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc., Needham &
Company, Inc. and SoundView Technology Group, Inc. are acting as
representatives, have severally agreed to purchase, and Mattson has agreed to
sell to them, severally, the respective number of shares of common stock set
forth opposite the names of the underwriters below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF
UNDERWRITERS SHARES
------------ ---------
<S> <C>
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated...........................
Hambrecht & Quist LLC.......................................
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. ...................................
Needham & Company, Inc. ....................................
SoundView Technology Group, Inc. ...........................
---------
Total............................................. 3,000,000
=========
</TABLE>
The underwriters are offering the shares subject to their acceptance of the
shares from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides
that the obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept delivery
of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus are subject to the
approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other
conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the shares
of common stock offered in this offering, other than those covered by the
over-allotment option described below, if any such shares are taken.
The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the shares of common
stock directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover
page of this prospectus and part to certain dealers at a price that represents a
concession not in excess of $ a share under the public offering price.
Any underwriter may allow, and such dealers may reallow, a concession not in
excess of $ a share to other underwriters or to dealers. After the
initial offering of the shares of common stock, the offering price and other
selling terms may from time to time be varied by the representatives of the
underwriters.
We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from
the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an aggregate of 450,000
additional shares of common stock at the public offering price set forth on the
cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The
underwriters may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering
overallotments, if any, made in connection with the offering of the shares of
common stock offered in this offering. To the extent this option is exercised,
each underwriter will become obligated, subject to specified conditions, to
purchase approximately the same percentage of additional shares of common stock
as the number set forth next to such underwriter's name in the preceding table
bears to the total number of shares of common stock set forth next to the names
of all underwriters in the preceding table. If the underwriters' over-allotment
option is exercised in full, the total price to the public would be $ ,
the total underwriters' discounts and commissions would be $ and total
proceeds to us would be $ .
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<PAGE> 48
Mattson and each of our directors and executive officers have agreed that,
without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated on behalf
of the underwriters, during the period ending 90 days after the date of this
prospectus he, she or it will not directly or indirectly:
- offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to
purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option,
right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of,
directly or indirectly, any shares of common stock or any securities
convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock; or
- enter into any swap, hedging or arrangement that transfers to another, in
whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the
common stock;
whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of
common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise.
The restrictions described in the previous paragraph do not apply to:
- the sale of shares to the underwriters;
- the issuance by us of shares of common stock upon the exercise of an
option or a warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the
date of this prospectus which is described in the prospectus;
- transactions relating to shares of common stock or other securities
acquired in open market transactions after the date of this prospectus;
- sales of up to an aggregate of 50,000 shares of our common stock by our
executive officers and directors; or
- the grant of options to purchase shares of common stock pursuant to our
existing employee benefit plans.
The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales to
discretionary accounts to exceed five percent of the total number of shares of
common stock offered by them.
In order to facilitate the offering of the common stock, the underwriters
may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the
price of the common stock. Specifically, the underwriters may over-allot in
connection with the offering, creating a short position in the common stock for
their own account. In addition, to cover over-allotments or to stabilize the
price of the common stock, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of
common stock in the open market. Finally, the underwriting syndicate may reclaim
selling concessions allowed to an underwriter or a dealer for distributing the
common stock in the offering, if the syndicate repurchases previously
distributed common stock in transactions to cover syndicate short positions, in
stabilization transactions or otherwise. Any of these activities may stabilize
or maintain the market price of the common stock above independent market
levels. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may
end any of these activities at any time.
We and the underwriters have agreed to indemnify each other against certain
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
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<PAGE> 49
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the shares of common stock offered hereby will be passed
upon for Mattson by Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP, Palo Alto, California.
Certain legal matters in connection with the offering will be passed upon for
the underwriters by Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation,
Palo Alto, California.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus and
elsewhere in the registration statement, to the extent and for the period
indicated in their report, have been audited by Arthur Andersen LLP, independent
public accountants, and are included herein in reliance upon the said firm as
experts in giving said report.
The financial statements of Concept Systems Design, Inc. as of June 30,
1997 and for the year then ended included in our Form 8-K/A filed on May 6, 1999
have been incorporated into our Form 8-K/A in reliance on the reports of Arthur
Andersen LLP, independent public accountants, given on the authority of that
firm as experts in giving said report.
The financial statements as of December 31, 1998 and for the years ended
December 31, 1998 and 1997 included in this Prospectus have been so included in
reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants,
given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The financial statements of Concept Systems Design, Inc. as of June 30,
1998 and for the year then ended incorporated in this Prospectus by reference to
the Current Report on Form 8-K/A of Mattson Technology, Inc. filed May 6, 1999,
have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers
LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in
auditing and accounting.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended, with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This
prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not
contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement or the
exhibits and schedules which are a part of the registration statement. For
further information with respect to us and our common stock, please refer to the
registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed with it. You may
read and copy any document which we file with the SEC at the SEC's public
reference rooms in Washington D.C., 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.
20549, or in New York, New York and Chicago, Illinois.
We are also subject to the information and periodic reporting requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We file reports, proxy
statements and other information with the SEC to comply with the Exchange Act.
Such reports, proxy statements and other information can be inspected and copied
on the Internet at http://www.sec.gov; at the SEC's regional offices at: Seven
World Trade Center, New York, New York 10048 and 500 West Madison Street, Suite
1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661; and at the Public Reference Room of the SEC, 450
Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of this material can be
obtained from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549 at prescribed rates. You may call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330 to obtain information regarding the operation of the Public
Reference Room. Reports, proxy statements and other information concerning our
company also may be inspected at the National Association of Securities Dealers,
Inc., 1735 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006.
INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with
them, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring
you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered
to be a part of this prospectus. Any information that we file with
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<PAGE> 50
the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate
by reference the documents listed below and any additional documents we file
with the SEC. This registration statement incorporates by reference the
documents listed below that we have previously filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission. They contain important information about us and our
financial condition.
The following documents filed with the SEC are incorporated by reference
into this prospectus:
- our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,
1998;
- our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended September 26,
1999, June 27, 1999 and March 28, 1999;
- our Definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Annual Meeting of
Stockholders held May 20, 1999;
- our Form 8-K/A dated May 5, 1999; and
- our Form 8-K dated November 5, 1999.
All documents filed by us pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of
the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination
of the offering of securities contemplated by this prospectus shall be deemed to
be incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Such documents shall be
considered to be a part of this prospectus from the date of filing of such
documents. Any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference or
deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus shall be deemed to
be modified or superseded for all purposes of this prospectus and the
registration statement to the extent that a statement contained in this
prospectus, in any document incorporated by reference or in any subsequently
filed document which also is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by
reference in this prospectus modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such
statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified
or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
We will provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial
owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus has been delivered a copy of any and
all of the documents referred to above which have been or may be incorporated in
this prospectus by reference and were not delivered with this prospectus. We
will not deliver exhibits to such documents, unless such exhibits are
specifically incorporated by reference. We will provide this information upon
written or oral request by a person to whom we delivered a copy of the
prospectus. Requests for such copies should be directed to our principal
executive offices located at 2800 Bayview Drive, Fremont, CA 94538, Attention:
Secretary. Our general telephone number is (510) 657-5900.
50
<PAGE> 51
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Report of Independent Public Accountants.................... F-2
Report of Independent Accountants........................... F-3
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets............................ F-4
Consolidated Statements of Operations.................. F-5
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity........ F-6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.................. F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............. F-8
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE> 52
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To Mattson Technology, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Mattson
Technology, Inc. and subsidiaries (a Delaware corporation) as of December 31,
1999 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity
and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and the significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Mattson Technology, Inc. and
subsidiaries as of December 31, 1999 and the results of their operations and
their cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles.
/s/ Arthur Andersen LLP
Arthur Andersen LLP
San Jose, California
January 21, 2000
F-2
<PAGE> 53
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Mattson Technology, Inc.:
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet and the related
consolidated statements of operations, of stockholders' equity and of cash flows
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Mattson
Technology, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") at December 31, 1998 and
the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the two years
in the period ended December 31, 1998, in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles. These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these
statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards which
require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit
includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
February 9, 1999
F-3
<PAGE> 54
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1999 1998
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 16,965 $ 11,863
Short-term investments.................................... -- 8,128
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful
accounts of $141 in 1999 and 1998...................... 21,500 9,614
Inventories............................................... 25,374 10,924
Refundable income taxes................................... -- 3,300
Note receivable from stockholder.......................... -- 3,129
Prepaid expenses and other current assets................. 2,299 2,316
-------- --------
Total current assets................................. 66,138 49,274
Property and equipment, net................................. 11,260 12,090
Goodwill, intangibles and other assets...................... 3,750 6,756
-------- --------
$ 81,148 $ 68,120
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Line of credit............................................ $ 3,000 $ --
Accounts payable.......................................... 8,494 3,399
Accrued liabilities....................................... 17,635 14,841
-------- --------
Total current liabilities............................ 29,129 18,240
-------- --------
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders' equity:
Common Stock, par value $0.001, 60,000 shares authorized;
16,591 issued, 16,216 outstanding in 1999 and 15,772
shares issued and 15,397 outstanding in 1998........... 16 16
Additional paid in capital................................ 66,280 63,239
Accumulated other comprehensive loss...................... (191) (138)
Treasury stock, 375 shares in 1999 and 1998 at cost....... (2,987) (2,987)
Retained earnings (deficit)............................... (11,099) (10,250)
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity........................... 52,019 49,880
-------- --------
$ 81,148 $ 68,120
======== ========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
<PAGE> 55
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
-------- -------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales............................................... $103,458 $ 59,186 $76,730
Cost of sales........................................... 53,472 37,595 37,130
-------- -------- -------
Gross profit.......................................... 49,986 21,591 39,600
-------- -------- -------
Operating expenses:
Research, development and engineering................. 19,547 16,670 14,709
Selling, general and administrative................... 31,784 24,542 24,495
Acquired in-process research and development.......... -- 4,220 --
-------- -------- -------
Total operating expenses........................... 51,331 45,432 39,204
-------- -------- -------
Income (loss) from operations........................... (1,345) (23,841) 396
Interest and other income, net.......................... 743 1,811 1,486
-------- -------- -------
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes......... (602) (22,030) 1,882
Provision for income taxes.............................. 247 337 451
-------- -------- -------
Net income (loss)....................................... $ (849) $(22,367) $ 1,431
======== ======== =======
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic................................................. $ (0.05) $ (1.52) $ 0.10
======== ======== =======
Diluted............................................... $ (0.05) $ (1.52) $ 0.09
======== ======== =======
Shares used in computing net income (loss) per share:
Basic................................................. 15,730 14,720 14,117
======== ======== =======
Diluted............................................... 15,730 14,720 15,311
======== ======== =======
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
<PAGE> 56
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ACCUMULATED
COMMON OTHER
STOCK ADDITIONAL COMPREHENSIVE TREASURY STOCK RETAINED
---------------- PAID IN INCOME ----------------- EARNINGS
SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL OTHER (LOSS) SHARES AMOUNT (DEFICIT)
------ ------ ---------- ----- ------------- ------ ------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1996... 14,197 $14 $57,566 $(13) $ (77) -- $ -- $ 11,625
Repurchase of Common Stock,
net.......................... (335) -- (2,197) -- -- (100) (1,075) (939)
Exercise of stock options...... 183 -- 261 -- -- -- -- --
Shares issued under employee
stock purchase plan.......... 244 -- 1,598 -- -- -- -- --
Income tax benefits realized
from activity in employee
stock plans.................. -- -- 190 -- -- -- -- --
Amortization of deferred
compensation................. -- -- -- 13 -- -- -- --
Net unrealized gain on
investments.................. -- -- -- -- 23 -- -- --
Cumulative translation
adjustments.................. -- -- -- -- (236) -- -- --
Net income..................... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1,431
Total comprehensive income..... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
------ --- ------- ---- ----- ---- ------- --------
Balance at December 31, 1997... 14,289 14 57,418 -- (290) (100) (1,075) 12,117
Repurchase of Common Stock,
net.......................... -- -- -- -- (275) (1,912) --
Exercise of stock options...... 380 -- 163 -- -- -- -- --
Shares issued under employee
stock purchase plan.......... 308 1 1,620 -- -- -- -- --
Shares issued for acquisition
of Concept Systems Design,
Inc.......................... 795 1 4,038 -- -- -- -- --
Cumulative translation
adjustments.................. -- -- -- -- 152 -- -- --
Net loss....................... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (22,367)
Total comprehensive loss....... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
------ --- ------- ---- ----- ---- ------- --------
Balance at December 31, 1998... 15,772 16 63,239 -- (138) (375) (2,987) (10,250)
Exercise of stock options,
net.......................... 456 -- 1,431 -- -- -- -- --
Shares issued under employee
stock purchase plan.......... 363 -- 1,610 -- -- -- -- --
Cumulative translation
adjustments.................. -- -- -- -- (53) -- -- --
Net loss....................... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (849)
Total comprehensive loss....... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
------ --- ------- ---- ----- ---- ------- --------
Balance at December 31, 1999... 16,591 $16 $66,280 $ -- $(191) (375) $(2,987) $(11,099)
====== === ======= ==== ===== ==== ======= ========
<CAPTION>
TOTAL
--------
<S> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1996... $ 69,115
Repurchase of Common Stock,
net.......................... (4,211)
Exercise of stock options...... 261
Shares issued under employee
stock purchase plan.......... 1,598
Income tax benefits realized
from activity in employee
stock plans.................. 190
Amortization of deferred
compensation................. 13
Net unrealized gain on
investments.................. --
Cumulative translation
adjustments.................. --
Net income..................... --
Total comprehensive income..... 1,218
--------
Balance at December 31, 1997... 68,184
Repurchase of Common Stock,
net.......................... (1,912)
Exercise of stock options...... 163
Shares issued under employee
stock purchase plan.......... 1,621
Shares issued for acquisition
of Concept Systems Design,
Inc.......................... 4,039
Cumulative translation
adjustments.................. --
Net loss....................... --
Total comprehensive loss....... (22,215)
--------
Balance at December 31, 1998... 49,880
Exercise of stock options,
net.......................... 1,431
Shares issued under employee
stock purchase plan.......... 1,610
Cumulative translation
adjustments.................. --
Net loss....................... --
Total comprehensive loss....... (902)
--------
Balance at December 31, 1999... $ 52,019
========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
<PAGE> 57
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss).................................... $ (849) $(22,367) $ 1,431
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net
cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization..................... 4,801 4,441 2,856
Acquired in-process research and development...... -- 4,220 --
Deferred taxes.................................... -- 4,222 (25)
Deferred compensation related to stock options.... -- -- 13
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable............................. (11,886) 5,509 1,170
Inventories..................................... (14,822) 10,714 (6,114)
Refundable income taxes......................... 3,300 (2,748) --
Prepaid expenses and other current assets....... (603) (1,183) (118)
Other assets.................................... 39 72 2,962
Accounts payable................................ 5,095 (4,468) 2,109
Accrued liabilities............................. 5,415 (3,771) (1,224)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities.... (9,510) (5,359) 3,060
-------- -------- --------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment................ (3,250) (1,726) (4,671)
Note receivable from stockholder..................... 3,749 (3,129) --
Purchases of short term investments.................. -- (13,606) (16,468)
Sales and maturities of short term investments....... 8,128 14,090 24,513
Repayment of debt acquired in acquisition............ -- (4,000) --
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities.... 8,627 (8,371) 3,374
-------- -------- --------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings against line of credit.................... 3,000 -- --
Proceeds from the issuance of Common Stock, net...... 3,041 1,784 2,049
Repurchase of Common Stock........................... -- (1,912) (4,211)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities.... 6,041 (128) (2,162)
-------- -------- --------
Effect of exchange rate changes........................ (56) 138 (236)
-------- -------- --------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents... 5,102 (13,720) 4,036
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year........... 11,863 25,583 21,547
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year................. $ 16,965 $ 11,863 $ 25,583
======== ======== ========
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid for interest............................... $ 58 $ -- $ --
Cash paid for income taxes........................... $ 224 $ 280 $ 629
Common stock issued for acquisition of Concept....... $ -- $ 4,039 $ --
Non-cash adjustment to goodwill and intangibles...... $ 2,200 $ -- $ --
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-7
<PAGE> 58
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Mattson Technology, Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated in California on
November 18, 1988. In September 1997, the Company was reincorporated in the
State of Delaware. As part of the reincorporation, each outstanding share of the
California corporation, no par value common stock, was converted automatically
to one share of the new Delaware corporation, $0.001 par value common stock.
The Company designs, manufactures and markets advanced fabrication
equipment to the semiconductor manufacturing industry worldwide.
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company
and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions
have been eliminated. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported
periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The Company's fiscal year ends on December 31. The Company's fiscal
quarters end on the last Sunday in the calendar quarter.
CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all
highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to
be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds.
Short term investments consist of commercial paper and U.S. Treasury securities
with maturities of more than three months. The Company classifies its
investments in commercial paper and U.S. Treasury securities as "available for
sale" and the investments are reported at fair market value. As of December 31,
1998, the fair value of the investments in commercial paper and U.S. Treasury
securities approximated amortized cost and, as such, unrealized holding gains
and losses were insignificant. The fair value of the Company's investments was
determined based on quoted market prices at the reporting date for those
instruments.
INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost, which approximates
actual cost, using the first-in, first-out method, or market, and include
material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs.
WARRANTY COSTS
Upon shipment of product, the Company accrues the estimated cost of
warranty. The Company offers a 36 month warranty on all of its systems sold
after January 1996, other than the EpiPro 5000 system and any systems sold in
Japan, and a 12 month warranty in Japan and on its EpiPro products.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using
the straight-line method based upon the estimated useful lives of the assets,
which range from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using
the straight-line method over the term of the related lease or the estimated
useful lives of the improvements, whichever is less.
F-8
<PAGE> 59
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Purchased technology, workforce and goodwill are presented at cost, net of
accumulated amortization, and are being amortized using the straight-line method
over their estimated useful lives of three to seven years.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
In October 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation." As allowed by the provisions of SFAS No. 123, the Company has
continued to apply APB Opinion No. 25 in accounting for its stock option plans
and, accordingly, does not recognize compensation cost because the exercise
price equals the market price of the underlying stock at the date of grant. The
Company has adopted the disclosure only provisions of SFAS No. 123 and Note 6 to
the Consolidated Financial Statements contains a summary of the pro forma
effects to reported net income (loss) and earnings (loss) per share for 1999,
1998 and 1997 for compensation cost based on the fair value of the options
granted at the grant date as prescribed by SFAS No. 123.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
System sales are generally recognized upon shipment. However, in certain
circumstances, the Company allows customers to evaluate systems, and since
customers can return such systems to the Company at any time with limited or no
penalty, the Company does not recognize the associated revenue until an
evaluation system is accepted by the customer. Sales to our distributor in Japan
are recognized upon shipment with reserves provided for limited rights of return
(see Note 10). Service and maintenance contract revenue, which to date has been
insignificant, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of
the related contract. A provision for the estimated future cost of system
installation and warranty is recorded at the time revenue is recognized.
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
In 1998, the Company adopted SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive
Income." SFAS No. 130 establishes standards for disclosure and financial
statement display for reporting total comprehensive income and its individual
components. Comprehensive income, as defined, includes all changes in equity
during a period from non-owner sources. The Company's comprehensive income
includes net income, foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized
gains and losses on investments and is displayed in the statement of
stockholders' equity.
FOREIGN CURRENCY ACCOUNTING
The local currency is the functional currency for all foreign operations
except those in Japan, where the U.S. dollar is the functional currency. Gains
or losses from translation of foreign operations where the local currencies are
the functional currency are included as a component of stockholders' equity.
Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements
of operations and have not been material.
NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
Basic earnings per shares (EPS) is computed by dividing income available to
common stockholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding (denominator) for the
F-9
<PAGE> 60
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
period. Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares
outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted EPS uses the average
market prices during the period.
SEGMENT REPORTING
In June 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 131, "Disclosure about Segments of
an Enterprise and Related Information." SFAS No. 131 changes the way companies
report selected segment information in annual financial statements and also
requires companies to report selected segment information in interim financial
reports. The Company operates in one reportable segment. Note 11 of the
Consolidated Financial Statements contains a summary table of industry segment,
geographic and customer information.
SFAS NO. 133 "ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES"
In June 1998, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." SFAS
No. 133 establishes new standards of accounting and reporting for derivative
instruments and hedging activities. SFAS No. 133 requires that all derivatives
be recognized at fair value in the statement of financial position, and that the
corresponding gains or losses be reported either in the statement of operations
or as a component of comprehensive income, depending on the type of hedging
relationship that exists. SFAS No. 133 is effective for fiscal years beginning
after June 15, 2000 and cannot be applied retroactively. The effect of adopting
SFAS No. 133 is not expected to be material to the Company's financial
statements.
2. ACQUISITION OF CONCEPT SYSTEMS DESIGN
On July 24, 1998, the Company acquired Concept Systems Design. The
transaction was achieved through the merger of a wholly owned subsidiary of the
Company with and into Concept. In connection with the merger, the Company issued
795,138 shares of Common Stock to the former shareholders of Concept.
In addition to the issuance of the 795,138 shares mentioned above, the
agreement for the acquisition of Concept also includes the contingent issuance
and distribution of 100,000 shares of Mattson Common Stock to the Concept
shareholders if Concept achieves net revenues of at least $16,667,000 during the
first 24 full calendar months following the acquisition date. Additional shares
issued, if any, will be valued at the fair value of the shares at the date of
issue and will result in additional goodwill.
The merger has been accounted for as a purchase and the results of
operations of Concept were included in the consolidated statement of operations
of the Company from the date of acquisition. The purchase price of the
acquisition of $4,689,000, which included $650,000 of estimated acquisition
related costs, was used to acquire the net assets of Concept. The purchase price
was allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the fair value
of Concept's current assets and liabilities, which management believed
approximated their book value, the estimated fair value of property and
equipment, based on management's estimates of fair value, and an independent
appraisal for all other identifiable assets. The excess of the purchase price
over the net tangible and intangible assets acquired
F-10
<PAGE> 61
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
and liabilities assumed was allocated to goodwill. The allocation of the
purchase price was as follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Property and equipment...................................... $ 3,055
Current and other assets.................................... 4,041
Liabilities assumed......................................... (13,570)
Acquired developed technology and workforce................. 5,300
Goodwill.................................................... 1,643
Acquired in-process research and development................ 4,220
--------
$ 4,689
========
</TABLE>
In the first quarter of 1999, a preacquisition contingency was resolved
which reduced the liabilities assumed from Concept by approximately $2.2
million. Under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
38, this has been recorded by the Company in the first quarter of 1999 on a
prospective basis as an elimination of previously recorded goodwill and a
pro-rata reduction of the balance to the acquired developed technology,
workforce and property and equipment. The acquired developed technology and
workforce are recorded on the balance sheet as long term assets and will be
amortized on a straight line basis over periods ranging from 3 to 7 years. The
acquired in-process research and development was expensed at the time of
acquisition as a one time charge.
The original amount allocated to in-process research and development and
other intangible assets in the third quarter of 1998 of $5.7 million and $5.4
million, respectively, relating to the acquisition of Concept, was made in a
manner consistent with widely recognized appraisal practices that were being
utilized at the time of acquisition. Subsequent to the acquisition, in a letter
dated September 15, 1998 to the American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants, the Chief Accountant of the Securities and Exchange Commission
expressed views of the SEC staff that took issue with certain appraisal
practices employed in the determination of the fair value of the in-process
research and development that was the basis for the Company's measurement of its
in-process research and development charge. Accordingly, the Company resolved to
adjust the amount originally allocated to acquired in-process research and
development and other intangible assets in a manner to reflect the SEC staff's
views and restated its third quarter 1998 consolidated financial statements and
filed an amended Form 10-Q. The revised amount of in-process research and
development and other intangible assets that resulted from this change was $4.2
million and $6.9 million, respectively.
The value assigned to in-process research and development was determined by
identifying research projects in areas for which technological feasibility had
not been established. These included the Concept EpiPro 5000 system and a single
wafer Episystem. The value was determined by estimating the expected cash flows
from the projects (taking into consideration an estimate of future obsolescence
of the technology) once commercially viable, applying a percentage of completion
and then discounting the net cash flows back to their present value. The Company
believes the efforts to complete the in-process research and development
projects will consist of internally staffed engineers and will be completed in
2001. The estimated costs to complete the research and development is
approximately $1.7 million. There is substantial risk associated with the
completion of each project and there is no assurance that any of the projects
will meet with technological or commercial success.
The percentage of completion for each project was determined using
management estimates of time and dollars spent as of the acquisition date as
compared to time and dollars that were expected to be required to complete the
projects. The degree of difficulty of the portion of each project completed as
of July 24, 1998 was also compared to the remaining research and development to
be completed to bring
F-11
<PAGE> 62
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
each project to technical feasibility. At July 24, 1998, the percentage of
completion for the Concept EpiPro 5000 was estimated at 80% and for the single
wafer Episystem at 50%.
If the projects discussed above are not successfully developed, the sales
and profitability of the combined company may be adversely affected in future
periods. Additionally, the value of other intangible assets acquired may become
impaired. Company management believes that the restated in-process research and
development charge of $4.2 million is valued consistently with the SEC staff's
current views regarding valuation methodologies. There can be no assurance,
however, that the SEC staff will not take issue with any assumptions used in the
Company's valuation model and require the Company to further revise the amount
allocated to in-process research and development.
The following pro forma summary is provided for illustrative purposes only
and is not necessarily indicative of the consolidated results of operations for
future periods or that actually would have been realized had the Company and
Concept been a consolidated entity during the periods presented. The summary
combines the results of operations as if Concept had been acquired as of the
beginning of the periods presented.
The summary includes the impact of certain adjustments such as goodwill
amortization and changes in depreciation. Additionally, the non-recurring
in-process research and development charge of $4.2 million has been excluded
from the periods presented.
The following table represents unaudited pro forma information assuming
that the acquisition took place at the beginning of the periods presented:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1998 1997
---------- ---------
(UNAUDITED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER
SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C>
Net sales................................ $ 62,503 $83,040
Net loss................................. $(32,632) $(8,694)
Basic and diluted loss per share......... $ (2.25) $ (0.58)
</TABLE>
3. LINE OF CREDIT
In July 1999, the Company entered into a revolving line of credit agreement
with a bank under which it can borrow up to $15 million. The line of credit
bears interest at the Company's option of a per annum rate of 200 percentage
points above LIBOR or a per annum rate equal to the lender's Prime Rate. At
December 31, 1999, the interest rate was 8.5%. The line of credit expires on
July 8, 2000. At December 31, 1999 the Company had $3.0 million outstanding
under the line of credit agreement. The line of credit is secured by the
Company's accounts receivable and other tangible assets and contains certain
financial covenants determined on a quarterly basis.
4. NOTES RECEIVABLE FROM STOCKHOLDER
During the third quarter of 1998, the Company extended a one year loan to
its Chief Executive Officer in the amount of $3.1 million. The loan was
collateralized by 2.2 million shares of the Company's Common Stock owned by the
Chief Executive Officer and was a full recourse note bearing interest at 8%.
Interest was payable at the end of the one year loan. During 1999, the Company
extended the loan for an additional six months and increased the note to $3.7
million. The $3.7 million includes accrued
F-12
<PAGE> 63
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
interest of $0.3 million and an additional $0.3 million loaned to the Chief
Executive Officer. During the fourth quarter of 1999, the Chief Executive
Officer fully repaid the note and all accrued interest.
5. BALANCE SHEET DETAIL
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
1999 1998
-------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
INVENTORIES:
Purchased parts and raw materials......................... $ 13,656 $ 7,128
Work-in-process........................................... 9,433 2,586
Finished goods............................................ -- 1,147
Evaluation systems........................................ 2,285 63
-------- -------
$ 25,374 $10,924
======== =======
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET:
Machinery and equipment................................... $ 13,544 $12,487
Furniture and fixtures.................................... 5,509 4,583
Leasehold improvements.................................... 3,705 2,880
Construction-in-progress.................................. 1,738 740
-------- -------
24,496 20,690
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization........... (13,236) (8,600)
-------- -------
$ 11,260 $12,090
======== =======
GOODWILL, INTANGIBLES AND OTHER ASSETS:
Developed technology...................................... $ 3,897 $ 4,340
Purchased workforce....................................... 875 960
Goodwill.................................................. -- 1,643
Other..................................................... 334 375
-------- -------
5,106 7,318
Less: accumulated amortization............................ (1,356) (562)
-------- -------
$ 3,750 $ 6,756
======== =======
ACCRUED LIABILITIES:
Warranty and installation reserve......................... $ 7,371 $ 5,820
Accrued compensation and benefits......................... 5,041 1,214
Income taxes.............................................. 1,392 1,131
Commissions............................................... 1,045 539
Customer deposits......................................... 253 2,690
Deferred income........................................... 1,308 1,437
Other..................................................... 1,225 2,010
-------- -------
$ 17,635 $14,841
======== =======
</TABLE>
F-13
<PAGE> 64
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
6. CAPITAL STOCK
COMMON STOCK
In 1996, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to
500,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock in the open market. As of December
31, 1997, all 500,000 shares had been repurchased by the Company for funding the
Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Of the shares purchased, 400,000 shares
were purchased prior to the Company's reincorporation in Delaware in September
1997, and were retired. The 100,000 shares repurchased after the reincorporation
in Delaware are held as treasury stock. In 1998, the Board of Directors
authorized the Company to repurchase up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company's
Common Stock in the open market. As of December 31, 1999, the Company had
repurchased 274,800 of these shares. The total cost of share repurchases was
$2,987,000 and these shares are held as treasury stock.
STOCK OPTION PLAN
In September 1989, the Company adopted an incentive and non-statutory stock
option plan under which a total of 4,300,000 shares of Common Stock have been
reserved for future issuance, including increases of 1,000,000 shares in 1996,
300,000 shares in 1997, 250,000 shares in 1998 and 1,125,000 shares in 1999.
Options granted under this Plan are for periods not to exceed ten years.
Incentive stock option and non-statutory stock option grants under the Plan must
be at prices at least 100% and 85%, respectively, of the fair market value of
the stock on the date of grant. The options generally vest 25% one year from the
date of grant, with the remaining vesting 1/36th per month thereafter.
A summary of the status of the Company's stock option plans at December 31,
1999, 1998 and 1997 and changes during the years then ended is presented in the
following tables and narrative. Share amounts are shown in thousands.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
------------------ ------------------ ------------------
WEIGHTED- WEIGHTED- WEIGHTED-
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE
ACTIVITY SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
-------- ------ --------- ------ --------- ------ ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at beginning of year.... 3,084 $6.19 3,067 $6.82 2,544 $5.62
Granted............................. 881 9.97 1,337 5.71 926 9.66
Exercised........................... (489) 3.59 (380) 0.57 (182) 1.43
Forfeited........................... (333) 6.98 (940) 9.85 (221) 9.48
------ ------ ------
Outstanding at end of year.......... 3,143 7.57 3,084 6.19 3,067 6.82
====== ====== ======
Exercisable, end of year............ 1,353 6.85 1,138 5.35 1,361 3.97
====== ====== ======
Weighted-average fair value per
option granted.................... $6.13 $3.53 $4.67
===== ===== =====
</TABLE>
In November 1998, the Board of Directors approved a proposal under which
all employees, other than executive officers, could elect to cancel certain
options in exchange for grants of new options with exercise prices which were
equal to the fair value of the Company's Common Stock on the date of the Board's
approval and for which a new four year vesting period commenced as of the new
date of grant. Employees canceled options for the purchase of a total of 681,315
shares at exercise prices ranging from
F-14
<PAGE> 65
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
$3.41 to $24.50, in exchange for newly issued options with an exercise price of
$6.00 per share, which was the fair market value on the date of the Board's
approval.
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding
at December 31, 1999 (amounts in thousands except exercise price and contractual
life):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
----------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
WEIGHTED-
AVERAGE WEIGHTED- WEIGHTED
RANGE OF REMAINING AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICES NUMBER YEARS EXERCISE PRICE NUMBER EXERCISE PRICE
- --------------- ----------- ---------------- -------------- ----------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$0.20 - $ 5.09 555 6.5 $ 3.45 407 $ 2.94
$5.13 - $ 5.88 171 8.7 $ 5.54 51 $ 5.50
$6.00 - $ 6.00 664 8.1 $ 6.00 267 $ 6.00
$6.06 - $ 7.31 530 9.1 $ 7.04 30 $ 7.02
$7.50 - $ 9.38 564 6.4 $ 8.90 338 $ 9.08
$9.75 - $23.00 659 6.8 $12.48 260 $11.19
----- --- ------ ----- ------
3,143 7.5 $ 7.57 1,353 $ 6.85
===== === ====== ===== ======
</TABLE>
Compensation cost under SFAS No. 123 for the fair value of each incentive
stock option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model for the multiple option approach with the following
weighted average assumptions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998 1997
------- ------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Expected dividend yield............................. -- -- --
Expected stock price volatility..................... 80% 80% 60%
Risk-free interest rate............................. 5.8% 4.5% 6.0%
Expected life of options............................ 2 years 2 years 1 year
</TABLE>
EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
In August 1994, the Company adopted an employee stock purchase plan under
which 1,925,000 shares of Common Stock have been reserved for future issuance,
including an increase of 65,000 in 1996, 400,000 shares in 1997, 450,000 shares
in 1998 and 475,000 shares in 1999. The Purchase Plan is administered generally
over offering periods of 24 months, with each offering period divided into four
consecutive six-month purchase periods beginning May 1 and November 1 of each
year. Eligible employees may designate not more than 15% of their cash
compensation to be deducted each pay period for the purchase of Common Stock
under the employee stock purchase plan and participants may not purchase more
than $25,000 worth of Common Stock in any calendar year or 10,000 shares in any
offering period. On the last business day of each purchase period, shares of
Common Stock are purchased with the employees' payroll deductions accumulated
during the six months, at a price per share of 85% of the market price of the
Common Stock on the date immediately preceding the offering date or the date
immediately preceding the purchase date, whichever is lower.
The weighted average fair value on the grant date of rights granted under
the employee stock purchase plan was approximately $3.15 in 1999, $3.42 in 1998
and $2.96 in 1997.
F-15
<PAGE> 66
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Compensation cost under SFAS No. 123 is calculated for the estimated fair
value of the employees' stock purchase rights using the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model with the following average assumptions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998 1997
------- ------ --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Expected dividend yield........................... -- -- --
Expected stock price volatility................... 80% 80% 60%
Risk-free interest rate........................... 5.8% 4.5% 6.0%
Expected life of options.......................... 2 years 1 year 6 months
</TABLE>
PRO FORMA EFFECT OF STOCK BASED COMPENSATION PLANS
In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, the Company applies APB
Opinion No. 25 in accounting for its incentive stock option and employee stock
purchase plans, and accordingly, does not recognize compensation cost in the
statement of operations because the exercise price of the stock options equals
the market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant. If the Company
had elected to recognize compensation cost based on the fair value of the
options granted at grant date as prescribed by SFAS No. 123, net income (loss)
and earnings (loss) per share would have been adjusted to the pro forma amounts
indicated in the table below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
------- -------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT
PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income (loss):
As reported...................................... $ (849) $(22,367) $ 1,431
Pro forma...................................... $(5,430) $(25,471) $(2,154)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
As reported.................................... $ (0.05) $ (1.52) $ 0.09
Pro forma...................................... $ (0.35) $ (1.73) $ (0.15)
</TABLE>
Since SFAS No. 123 method of accounting has not been applied to options
granted prior to July 1995, the resulting pro forma compensation cost may not be
representative of that to be expected in future years.
7. INCOME TAX PROVISION
The components of income (loss) before provision for income taxes are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------
1999 1998 1997
------- -------- ------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Domestic income (loss)............................ $(1,065) $(22,467) $1,347
Foreign income.................................... 463 437 535
------- -------- ------
Income (loss) before provision for income
taxes........................................ $ (602) $(22,030) $1,882
======= ======== ======
</TABLE>
F-16
<PAGE> 67
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The provision for income taxes consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------
1999 1998 1997
---- ------- -----
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current:
Federal............................................... $ -- $(3,589) $ 237
State............................................... -- (633) 2
Foreign............................................. 247 337 237
---- ------- -----
Total Current......................................... 247 (3,885) 476
---- ------- -----
Deferred:
Federal............................................. -- 3,589 180
State............................................... -- 633 (205)
---- ------- -----
Total Deferred........................................ -- 4,222 (25)
---- ------- -----
Provision for income taxes.......................... $247 $ 337 $ 451
==== ======= =====
</TABLE>
The provision for income taxes reconciles to the amount computed by
multiplying income (loss) before income tax by the U.S. statutory rate of 35% as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1999 1998 1997
----- ------- -----
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Provision (benefit) at statutory rate................ $(211) $(7,710) $ 659
Research and development tax credits................. (499) -- (307)
State taxes, net of federal benefit.................. 2 -- 51
Foreign earnings taxed at higher rates............... 85 184 81
Benefit of foreign sales corporation................. -- -- (51)
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance............... 816 7,863 --
Other................................................ 54 -- 18
----- ------- -----
Total provision for income taxes..................... $ 247 $ 337 $ 451
===== ======= =====
</TABLE>
Deferred tax assets are comprised of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1999 1998
-------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Reserves not currently deductible....................... $ 6,600 $ 4,824
Deferred income......................................... 603 985
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards............. 6,905 6,682
Other................................................... 961 1,245
-------- --------
Total net deferred taxes................................ 15,069 13,736
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance................. (15,069) (13,736)
-------- --------
$ -- $ --
======== ========
</TABLE>
The deferred tax assets valuation allowance at December 31, 1999 and 1998
is attributable to federal and state deferred tax assets. Management believes
that sufficient uncertainty exists with regard to the
F-17
<PAGE> 68
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
realizability of these tax assets such that a full valuation allowance is
necessary. These factors include the lack of a significant history of consistent
profits and the lack of carryback capacity to realize these assets. Based on
this absence of objective evidence, management is unable to assert that it is
more likely than not that the Company will generate sufficient taxable income to
realize the Company's net deferred tax assets. At December 31, 1999, the Company
had Federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $11.5 million
which expire in 2019. This amount includes approximately $2.5 million of net
operating loss carryforwards from the acquisition of Concept which are generally
limited to a utilization of approximately $.2 million per year. The net
operating loss carryforward also includes approximately $.7 million resulting
from employee exercises of non qualified stock options or disqualifying
dispositions, the tax benefits of which, when realized, will be accounted for as
an addition to additional paid in capital rather than as a reduction of the
provision for income taxes. The deferred tax assets related to the acquisition
of Concept, approximately $2.5 million as of December 31, 1999, if and when
realized will be used to reduce the amount of goodwill and intangibles recorded
at the date of acquisition. Federal and state research and development credit
carryforwards of approximately $1.7 million are also available to reduce future
Federal and state income taxes and expire in 2011 to 2019. If certain
substantial changes in the Company's ownership occur, there would be an
additional annual limitation on the amount of the net operating loss
carryforwards which can be utilized.
8. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
RETIREMENT/SAVINGS PLAN
The Company has a retirement/savings plan, which qualifies as a thrift plan
under section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. All employees who are
twenty-one years of age or older are eligible to participate in the Plan. The
Plan allows participants to contribute up to 20% of the total compensation that
would otherwise be paid to the participant, not to exceed the amount allowed by
applicable Internal Revenue Service guidelines. The Company may make a
discretionary matching contribution equal to a percentage of the participant's
contributions. In 1999, the Company made a matching contribution of $226,000 and
in 1998, the Company made a matching contribution of $197,000. There were no
matching contributions in 1997.
PROFIT SHARING PLAN
The Company has a profit sharing plan, wherein, as determined by the board
of directors, a percentage of income from operations is accrued and distributed
to all employees excluding management. The total charge to operations under the
profit sharing plan was approximately $80,000 for the year ended December 31,
1999, $0 for 1998, and $85,000 for 1997.
F-18
<PAGE> 69
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
9. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
SFAS No. 128 requires dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per
share on the face of the income statement. Basic EPS is computed by dividing
income (loss) available to common stockholders (numerator) by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding (denominator) for the period.
Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding
during the period. The computation of diluted EPS uses the average market prices
during the period. All amounts in the following table are in thousands except
per share data.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
------- -------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
NET INCOME............................................... $ (849) $(22,367) $ 1,431
BASIC EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
Income available to common shareholders................ $ (849) $(22,367) $ 1,431
Weighted average common shares outstanding............. 15,730 14,720 14,117
------- -------- -------
Basic earnings (loss) per share........................ $ (0.05) $ (1.52) $ 0.10
======= ======== =======
DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
Income available to common shareholders................ $ (849) $(22,367) $ 1,431
Weighted average common shares outstanding............. 15,730 14,720 14,117
Diluted potential common shares from stock options..... -- -- 1,194
------- -------- -------
Weighted average common shares and dilutive potential
common shares....................................... 15,730 14,720 15,311
------- -------- -------
Diluted earnings (loss) per share...................... $ (0.05) $ (1.52) $ 0.09
======= ======== =======
</TABLE>
Total stock options outstanding at December 31, 1999 of 3,143,000 and at
December 31, 1998 of 3,084,000 and options to purchase 221,000 weighted shares
outstanding during 1997 were excluded from the computations of diluted earnings
(loss) per share because of their anti-dilutive effect on diluted earnings
(loss) per share.
10. CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
The Company has a distribution agreement with Marubeni Solutions Corp., a
Japanese distributor. The Company formed a subsidiary in Japan in October 1995
in which Marubeni has a 19% minority interest. In 1999, the Company shifted its
strategy to a direct sales model. The Company is in the process of terminating
its distribution relationship with Marubeni and establishing its own sales force
in Japan.
The following is a summary of the Company's transactions with Marubeni (in
thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------
1999 1998 1997
------- ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales to the distributor for the period................. $10,706 $9,289 $9,987
Percentage of net sales..................................... 10.3% 15.7% 13.0%
Accounts receivable at period end........................... $ 803 $2,103 $1,555
Deferred income at period end............................... $ 591 $ 591 $ 591
Minority interest in joint venture at period end............ $ 159 $ 180 $ 200
</TABLE>
Upon termination of the distribution agreement, the Company may be required
to repurchase up to a maximum of $1,000,000 of inventory related to the
Company's sales to Marubeni. The Company
F-19
<PAGE> 70
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
recorded deferred income at the time of sale to cover this right of return. At
December 31, 1999 and 1998, deferred income of $591,000 related to this
agreement resulted from deferred revenue of $1,000,000, less the estimated
inventory value to the Company of $409,000.
The Company purchases certain inventory parts from a supplier company,
which is majority owned by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Net
purchases were $680,000 for the year ended December 31, 1999, $363,000 for 1998
and $739,000 for 1997.
11. REPORTABLE SEGMENTS
SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related
Information" supersedes SFAS No. 14, "Financial Reporting for Segments of a
Business Enterprise", replacing the "industry segment" approach with the
"management" approach. SFAS No. 131 establishes standards for reporting
information about operating segments in financial statements. Operating segments
are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial
information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating
decision maker, or chief decision making group, in deciding how to allocate
resources and in assessing performance. Brad Mattson, Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer of the Company, is the Company's chief decision maker. As the
Company's business is completely focused on one industry segment, design,
manufacturing and marketing of advanced fabrication equipment to the
semiconductor manufacturing industry, management believes that the Company has
one reportable segment. The Company's revenues and profits are generated through
the sale and service of products for this one segment.
The following is net sales information by geographic area for the years
ended December 31 (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998 1997
-------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
United States............................................... $ 30,428 $19,395 $26,831
Japan....................................................... 10,706 9,289 9,987
Taiwan...................................................... 20,173 14,057 21,634
Korea....................................................... 22,081 2,247 2,798
Singapore................................................... 8,441 3,845 10,961
Europe...................................................... 11,629 10,353 4,519
-------- ------- -------
$103,458 $59,186 $76,730
======== ======= =======
</TABLE>
The net sales above have been allocated to the geographic areas based upon
the installation location of the systems.
For the purposes of determining sales to significant customers, the Company
includes sales to customers through its distributor (at the sales price to the
distributor) and excludes the distributor as a significant customer. The Company
had sales to one customer of 11% of net sales in 1997 and 20% of net sales to
another customer in 1999. In 1998, no sales to a single customer exceeded 10% of
net sales.
12. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK
CURRENCY SWAP CONTRACTS
Currency swap contracts are entered into primarily to hedge against the
short term impact of fluctuations in the Yen-denominated monetary assets of the
Company's subsidiary in Japan. At December 31, 1999, the Company had a contract
to sell 21.0 million Yen ($200,000) which matures in
F-20
<PAGE> 71
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
2000. Because the impact of movements in currency exchange rates on currency
swap contracts offsets the related impact on the underlying items being hedged,
these financial instruments do not subject the Company to speculative risk that
would otherwise result from changes in currency exchange rates. Net foreign
currency unrealized transaction gains and losses as of December 31, 1999 and
realized transaction gains and losses to date have not been material.
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant
concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, short
term investments, trade accounts receivable and financial instruments used in
hedging activities.
The Company invests in a variety of financial instruments such as
certificates of deposit, corporate bonds and treasury bills. The Company limits
the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution or commercial
issuer.
The fair values of the Company's cash and cash equivalents and short term
investments are not significantly different than cost. All short term
investments mature within one year.
The Company's trade accounts receivable are derived from sales in the
United States, Japan, other Pacific Rim countries and Europe. The Company
performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers (semiconductor
manufacturers and its Japanese distributor) and to date has not experienced any
material losses.
The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of non performance by
counterparties on the currency swap contracts used in hedging activities. The
Company does not anticipate nonperformance by these counterparties.
13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company leases its facilities under operating leases, which expire at
various dates through 2003, with minimum annual rental commitments as follows
(in thousands):
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
2000............................................ $1,722
2001............................................ 856
2002............................................ 709
2003............................................ 236
2004............................................ --
------
$3,523
======
</TABLE>
Rent expense was $1,932,000 for 1999, $2,009,000 for 1998, and $1,755,000
for 1997.
The Company is party to certain claims arising in the ordinary course of
business. While the outcome of these matters is not presently determinable,
management believes that they will not have a material adverse effect on the
financial position or results of operations of the Company.
F-21
<PAGE> 72
LOGO
<PAGE> 73
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 14. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
The following table sets forth the various expenses payable by us in
connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered.
All of the amounts shown are estimates except for the Securities and Exchange
Commission registration fee, the NASD filing fee and the Nasdaq listing
application fee.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TO BE
PAID BY
THE
REGISTRANT
----------
<S> <C>
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee......... $ 31,252
NASD fee.................................................... 12,338
Nasdaq National Market listing fee.......................... 17,500
Legal fees and expenses..................................... 175,000
Accounting fees and expenses................................ 150,000
Printing expenses........................................... 100,000
Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses.............. 10,000
Blue sky fees and expenses.................................. 10,000
Miscellaneous expenses...................................... 93,910
--------
Total..................................................... $600,000
========
</TABLE>
ITEM 15. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law permits indemnification
of officers, directors, and other corporate agents under certain circumstances
and subject to certain limitations. Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
provide that we shall indemnify our directors, officers, employees, and agents
to the full extent permitted by Delaware Law. The Certificate of Incorporation
and Bylaws further provide that we may indemnify directors, officers, employees
and agents in circumstances in which indemnification is otherwise discretionary
under Delaware law. In addition, we entered into separate indemnification
agreements with our directors and officers which would require us, among other
things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities which may arise by reason
of their status or service (other than liabilities arising from willful
misconduct of a culpable nature) and to maintain directors' and officer's
liability insurance, if available on reasonable terms.
These indemnification provisions and the indemnification agreements that we
have entered into with our officers and directors may be sufficiently broad to
permit indemnification of our officers and directors for liabilities (including
reimbursement of expenses incurred) arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended.
We have a policy of directors' and officers' liability insurance that
insures our directors and officers against the cost of defense, settlement or
payment of a judgment under certain circumstances.
At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of
our directors, officers, employees or other agents in which indemnification is
being sought. We are not aware of any threatened litigation that may result in a
claim for indemnification by any of our directors, officers, employees or other
agents.
The form of underwriting agreement filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this
registration statement provides for indemnification by the underwriters and our
officers and directors for certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act,
or otherwise.
II-1
<PAGE> 74
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are filed with this Registration Statement:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER EXHIBIT TITLE
- ------- -------------
<S> <C>
1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement.
5.1 Legal opinion of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP, counsel
to the Registrant.
23.1 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public
accountants.
23.2 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent
accountants.
23.3 Consent of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP (included in
Exhibit 5.1 to this Registration Statement).
24.1 Power of Attorney (included as page II-3).
27.1 Financial Data Schedule (EDGAR filed version only).
</TABLE>
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
We hereby undertake that, for purposes of determining any liability
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each filing of the
registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (and, where applicable,
each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to Section
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by
reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide offering thereof.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Act may
be permitted to directors, officers, and controlling persons of the
registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the
registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and
Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the
event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than
the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director,
officer, or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense
of any action, suit, or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer,
or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered,
the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has
been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate
jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against
public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by
the final adjudication of such issue.
We hereby undertake that:
(a) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities
Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of
this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a
form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or
(4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this
registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(b) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities
Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall
be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-2
<PAGE> 75
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant
certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the
requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration
statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of Fremont, State of California, on the 28th day of
January, 2000.
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC.
By: /s/ BRAD MATTSON
------------------------------------
Brad Mattson
Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each of the officers and directors of Mattson Technology, Inc. whose
signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Brad Mattson and Brian
McDonald his true and lawful attorneys and agents, with full power of
substitution, and with power to act alone, to sign on behalf of the undersigned
any amendment or amendments to this Registration Statement on Form S-3
(including post-effective amendments) and any and all new registration
statements filed pursuant to Rule 462 under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, and to perform any acts necessary to file such amendments or
registration statements, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection
therewith, and each of the undersigned does hereby ratify and confirm his
signature as it may be signed by his said attorneys and agents to any and all
such documents and all that said attorneys and agents, or their substitutes,
shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
--------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ BRAD MATTSON Chairman of the Board and January 28, 2000
- ----------------------------------------------------- Chief Executive Officer
Brad Mattson
/s/ BRIAN MCDONALD Vice President, Finance and January 28, 2000
- ----------------------------------------------------- Chief Financial Officer
Brian McDonald
/s/ JOHN SAVAGE Director January 28, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
John Savage
/s/ SHIGERU NAKAYAMA Director January 28, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Shigeru Nakayama
/s/ KENNETH SMITH Director January 28, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Kenneth Smith
/s/ KENNETH KANNAPPAN Director January 28, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Kenneth Kannappan
</TABLE>
II-3
<PAGE> 76
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER EXHIBIT TITLE
- ------- -------------
<S> <C>
1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement.
5.1 Legal opinion of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP, counsel
to the Registrant.
23.1 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public
accountants.
23.2 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent
accountants.
23.3 Consent of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP (included in
Exhibit 5.1 to this Registration Statement).
24.1 Power of Attorney (included as page II-3).
27.1 Financial Data Schedule (EDGAR filed version only).
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 1.1
[3,000,000] SHARES
MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC.
COMMON STOCK
($0.001 PAR VALUE PER SHARE)
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
_______________, 2000
<PAGE> 2
____________, 2000
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.
Hambrecht & Quist LLC
Needham & Company, Inc.
Soundview Technology Group
c/o Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
1585 Broadway
New York, New York 10036
Dear Sirs and Mesdames:
Mattson Technology, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "COMPANY"), proposes
to issue and sell to the several Underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (the
"UNDERWRITERS") [3,000,000] shares of its common stock, $0.001 par value per
share (the "FIRM SHARES"). The Company also proposes to issue and sell to the
several Underwriters not more than an additional [450,000] shares of its common
stock, $0.001 par value per share (the "ADDITIONAL SHARES"), if and to the
extent that you, as Managers of the offering, shall have determined to exercise,
on behalf of the Underwriters, the right to purchase such shares of common stock
granted to the Underwriters in Section 2 hereof. The Firm Shares and the
Additional Shares are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "SHARES." The
shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, of the Company to be
outstanding after giving effect to the sales contemplated hereby are hereinafter
referred to as the "COMMON STOCK."
The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"COMMISSION") a registration statement, including a prospectus, relating to the
Shares. The registration statement as amended at the time it becomes effective,
including the information (if any) deemed to be part of the registration
statement at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "SECURITIES ACT"), is hereinafter
referred to as the "REGISTRATION STATEMENT"; the prospectus in the form first
used to confirm sales of Shares is hereinafter referred to as the "PROSPECTUS"
(including, in the case of all references to the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus, documents incorporated therein by reference). If the Company has
filed an abbreviated registration statement to register additional shares of
Common Stock pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act (the "RULE 462
REGISTRATION STATEMENT"), then any reference herein to the term "REGISTRATION
STATEMENT" shall be deemed to include such Rule 462 Registration Statement.
2
<PAGE> 3
1. Representations and Warranties. The Company represents and warrants
to and agrees with each of the Underwriters that: 1.
(a) The Registration Statement has become effective; no stop order
suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement is in effect,
and no proceedings for such purpose are pending before or threatened by
the Commission.
(b) Each document, if any, filed or to be filed pursuant to the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "EXCHANGE ACT") and
incorporated by reference in the Prospectus complied or will comply when
so filed in all material respects with the Exchange Act and the applicable
rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, (ii) the Registration
Statement, when it became effective, did not contain and, as amended or
supplemented, if applicable, will not contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated
therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (iii)
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus comply and, as amended or
supplemented, if applicable, will comply in all material respects with the
Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission
thereunder and (iv) the Prospectus does not contain and, as amended or
supplemented, if applicable, will not contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading, except that the representations and warranties
set forth in this paragraph do not apply to statements or omissions in the
Registration Statement or the Prospectus based upon information relating
to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter
through you expressly for use therein.
(c) The Company has been duly incorporated, is validly existing as
a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware,
has the corporate power and authority to own its property and to conduct
its business as described in the Prospectus and is duly qualified to
transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which
the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property
requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be
so qualified or be in good standing would not have a material adverse
effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(d) Each subsidiary of the Company has been duly incorporated, is
validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the
jurisdiction of its incorporation, has the corporate power and authority
to own its property and to conduct its business as described in the
Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good
standing in each jurisdiction in which
3
<PAGE> 4
the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property
requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be
so qualified or be in good standing would not have a material adverse
effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; all of the
issued shares of capital stock of each subsidiary of the Company have been
duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable
and are owned directly by the Company, free and clear of all liens,
encumbrances, equities or claims. No subsidiary of the Company is a
"significant subsidiary" as defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X under
the Securities Act.
(e) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and
delivered by the Company.
(f) The authorized capital stock of the Company conforms as to
legal matters to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus.
(g) The shares of Common Stock outstanding prior to the issuance
of the Shares have been duly authorized and are validly issued, fully paid
and non-assessable.
(h) The Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued and
delivered in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will be validly
issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and the issuance of such Shares
will not be subject to any preemptive or similar rights.
(i) The execution and delivery by the Company of, and the
performance by the Company of its obligations under, this Agreement will
not contravene any provision of applicable law or the certificate of
incorporation or by-laws of the Company or any agreement or other
instrument binding upon the Company or any of its subsidiaries that is
material to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or any
judgment, order or decree of any governmental body, agency or court having
jurisdiction over the Company or any subsidiary, and no consent, approval,
authorization or order of, or qualification with, any governmental body or
agency is required for the performance by the Company of its obligations
under this Agreement, except such as may be required by the securities or
Blue Sky laws of the various states in connection with the offer and sale
of the Shares.
(j) There has not occurred any material adverse change, or any
development involving a prospective material adverse change, in the
condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business or
operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, from
that set forth in the Prospectus (exclusive of any amendments or
supplements thereto subsequent to the date of this Agreement).
4
<PAGE> 5
(k) There are no legal or governmental proceedings pending or
threatened to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or
to which any of the properties of the Company or any of its subsidiaries
is subject that are required to be described in the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus and are not so described or any statutes, regulations,
contracts or other documents that are required to be described in the
Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the
Registration Statement that are not described or filed as required.
(l) Each preliminary prospectus filed as part of the registration
statement as originally filed or as part of any amendment thereto, or
filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act, complied when so
filed in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable
rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
(m) Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is
given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, (1) the Company
and its subsidiaries have not incurred any material liability or
obligation, direct or contingent, nor entered into any material
transaction not in the ordinary course of business; (2) the Company has
not purchased (except for the repurchase of shares of Common Stock from
employees, officers, directors, consultants or other persons providing
services to the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to agreements
under which the Company has the option to repurchase such shares at cost
upon the occurrence of certain events, such as termination of employment)
any of its outstanding capital stock, nor declared, paid or otherwise made
any dividend or distribution of any kind on its capital stock other than
ordinary and customary dividends; and (3) there has not been any material
change in the capital stock, short-term debt or long-term debt of the
Company and its subsidiaries, except in each case as described in the
Prospectus.
(n) The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable
title in fee simple to all real property and good and marketable title to
all personal property owned by them which is material to the business of
the Company and its subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all
liens, encumbrances and defects except such as are described in the
Prospectus or such as do not materially affect the value of such property
and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such
property by the Company and its subsidiaries; and any real property and
buildings held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries are held by
them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions
as are not material and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to
be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its
subsidiaries, in each case except as described in the Prospectus.
5
<PAGE> 6
(o) The Company and its subsidiaries own or possess, or can
acquire on reasonable terms, all trademarks, service marks, trade names,
copyrights, license rights, know-how (including trade secrets and other
unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information,
system or procedure) and other similar intellectual property rights, and
to the best of the Company's knowledge, all patents and patent rights
necessary to carry on their business in all material respects as described
in the Prospectus and currently employed by them in connection with the
business now operated by them, and, except as described in the Prospectus,
neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of
infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to
any of the foregoing which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of
an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would have a material adverse
effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(p) No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or
any of its subsidiaries exists, except as described in the Prospectus, or,
to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent; and the Company is not aware
of any existing, threatened or imminent labor disturbance by the employees
of any of its principal suppliers, manufacturers or contractors that could
have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken
as a whole.
(q) The Company and its subsidiaries are insured by insurers of
recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in
such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which they
are engaged; neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has been
refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for; and neither the
Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any reason to believe that it will
not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such
coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as
may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not have a
material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a
whole, except as described in the Prospectus.
(r) The Company and its subsidiaries have complied and are in
material compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign statutes,
executive orders, proclamations, regulations, rules, directives, decrees,
ordinances and similar provisions having the force or effect of law and
all judicial and administrative orders, rulings, determinations and common
law concerning the importation of merchandise, the export or reexport of
products, services and technology, and the terms and conduct of
international transactions applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries
in connection with the conduct of the Company's or any subsidiary's
business (including as the same relates to record keeping requirements)
("INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAWS AND REGULATIONS"); neither the Company nor any
of its subsidiaries has made or provided any material false
6
<PAGE> 7
statement or material omission to any agency of any federal, state or
local government, purchasers of products, or foreign government or foreign
agency, in connection with the exportation of merchandise (including with
respect to export licenses, exceptions and other export authorizations and
any filings required for or related to exportation of any item), the
importation of merchandise or other approvals required by a foreign
government or agency or any other requirement relating to any
International Trade Laws and Regulations; neither the Company nor any of
its subsidiaries has made any payment, offer, gift, promise to give, or
authorized or otherwise participated in, assisted or facilitated any
payment or gift related to the Company's or any subsidiary's business that
is prohibited by the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
(s) The Company and its subsidiaries possess all certificates,
authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state or
foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective
business, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received
any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of
any such certificate, authorization or permit which, singly or in the
aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding,
would have a material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries,
taken as a whole, except as described the Prospectus.
(t) The Company and each of its subsidiaries maintain a system of
internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance
that (1) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general
or specific authorizations; (2) transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability; (3)
access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general
or specific authorization; and (4) the recorded accountability for assets
is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and
appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.
(u) Arthur Andersen LLP are independent public accountants with
respect to the Company and its subsidiaries as required by the Securities
Act.
(v) The consolidated financial statements included in the
Registration Statement and the Prospectus (and any amendment or supplement
thereto), together with related schedules and notes, present fairly the
consolidated financial position, results of operations and changes in
financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries on the basis stated
therein at the respective dates or for the respective periods to which
they apply; such statements and related schedules and notes have been
prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
consistently applied throughout the periods involved, except as
7
<PAGE> 8
disclosed therein; the supporting schedules, if any, included in the
Registration Statement present fairly in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles the information required to be stated
therein; and the other financial and statistical information and data set
forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (and any amendment
or supplement thereto) are, in all material respects, accurately presented
and prepared on a basis consistent with such financial statements and the
books and records of the Company.
(w) The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering
and sale of the Shares and the application of the proceeds thereof as
described in the Prospectus, will not be required to register as an
"investment company" as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act
of 1940, as amended.
(x) The Company and its subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with
any and all applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws and
regulations relating to the protection of human health and safety, the
environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or
contaminants ("ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS"), (ii) have received all permits,
licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable
Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in
compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or
approval, except where such noncompliance with Environmental Laws, failure
to receive required permits, licenses or other approvals or failure to
comply with the terms and conditions of such permits, licenses or
approvals would not, singly or in the aggregate, have a material adverse
effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(y) There are no costs or liabilities associated with
Environmental Laws (including, without limitation, any capital or
operating expenditures required for clean-up, closure of properties or
compliance with Environmental Laws or any permit, license or approval, any
related constraints on operating activities and any potential liabilities
to third parties) which would, singly or in the aggregate, have a material
adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
(z) There are no contracts, agreements or understandings between
the Company and any person granting such person the right to require the
Company to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with
respect to any securities of the Company or to require the Company to
include such securities with the Shares registered pursuant to the
Registration Statement.
(aa) The Company has reviewed its operations and the operations of
its subsidiaries to evaluate the extent to which the business or
operations of the Company or any of its subsidiaries have been or will be
affected by the Year 2000 Problem. As a result of such review, the Company
has no reason to believe, and
8
<PAGE> 9
does not believe, that the Year 2000 Problem has had or will have a
material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a
whole. The "Year 2000 Problem" as used herein means any significant risk
that the computer hardware or software used in the receipt, transmission,
storage, retrieval, retransmission or other utilization of data or in the
operation of mechanical or electrical systems of any kind will not, in the
case of dates or time periods occurring after December 31, 1999, function
at least as effectively as in the case of dates or time periods occurring
prior to January 1, 2000.
(bb) The Company has complied with all provisions of Section
517.075, Florida Statutes relating to doing business with the Government
of Cuba or with any person or affiliate located in Cuba.
2. Agreements to Sell and Purchase. The Company hereby agrees to sell
to the several Underwriters, and each Underwriter, upon the basis of the
representations and warranties herein contained, but subject to the conditions
hereinafter stated, agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the
Company the respective numbers of Firm Shares set forth in Schedule I hereto
opposite its name at $______ a share (the "PURCHASE PRICE").
On the basis of the representations and warranties contained in this
Agreement, and subject to its terms and conditions, the Company agrees to sell
to the Underwriters the Additional Shares, and the Underwriters shall have a
one-time right to purchase, severally and not jointly, up to [450,000]
Additional Shares at the Purchase Price. If you, on behalf of the Underwriters,
elect to exercise such option, you shall so notify the Company in writing not
later than 30 days after the date of this Agreement, which notice shall specify
the number of Additional Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters and the date
on which such shares are to be purchased. Such date may be the same as the
Closing Date (as defined below) but not earlier than the Closing Date nor later
than ten business days after the date of such notice. Additional Shares may be
purchased as provided in Section 4 hereof solely for the purpose of covering
over-allotments made in connection with the offering of the Firm Shares. If any
Additional Shares are to be purchased, each Underwriter agrees, severally and
not jointly, to purchase the number of Additional Shares (subject to such
adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as you may determine) that bears the
same proportion to the total number of Additional Shares to be purchased as the
number of Firm Shares set forth in Schedule I hereto opposite the name of such
Underwriter bears to the total number of Firm Shares.
The Company hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated on behalf of the Underwriters, it will not,
during the period ending 90 days after the date of the Prospectus, (i) offer,
pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase,
purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to
purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or
9
<PAGE> 10
indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or
exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or (ii) enter into any swap or
other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the
economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such
transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery
of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. The foregoing
sentence shall not apply to (A) the Shares to be sold hereunder or (B) the
issuance by the Company of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of an option
or warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date hereof of
which the Underwriters have been advised in writing.
3. Terms of Public Offering. The Company is advised by you that the
Underwriters propose to make a public offering of their respective portions of
the Shares as soon after the Registration Statement and this Agreement have
become effective as in your judgment is advisable. The Company is further
advised by you that the Shares are to be offered to the public initially at
$__________ a share (the "PUBLIC OFFERING PRICE") and to certain dealers
selected by you at a price that represents a concession not in excess of $______
a share under the Public Offering Price, and that any Underwriter may allow, and
such dealers may reallow, a concession, not in excess of $_____ a share, to any
Underwriter or to certain other dealers.
4. Payment and Delivery. Payment for the Firm Shares shall be made to
the Company in Federal or other funds immediately available in New York City
against delivery of such Firm Shares for the respective accounts of the several
Underwriters at 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on _____ closing date _________,
2000, or at such other time on the same or such other date, not later than
__________ closing date +9 calendar days ________, 2000, as shall be designated
in writing by you. The time and date of such payment are hereinafter referred to
as the "CLOSING DATE."
Payment for any Additional Shares shall be made to the Company in Federal
or other funds immediately available in New York City against delivery of such
Additional Shares for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters at
10:00 a.m., New York City time, on the date specified in the notice described in
Section 2 or at such other time on the same or on such other date, in any event
not later than _______, 2000, as shall be designated in writing by you. The time
and date of such payment are hereinafter referred to as the "OPTION CLOSING
DATE."
Certificates for the Firm Shares and Additional Shares shall be in
definitive form and registered in such names and in such denominations as you
shall request in writing not later than one full business day prior to the
Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be. The certificates
evidencing the Firm Shares and Additional Shares shall be delivered to you on
the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, for the
respective accounts of the several Underwriters, with any transfer taxes
10
<PAGE> 11
payable in connection with the transfer of the Shares to the Underwriters duly
paid, against payment of the Purchase Price therefor.
5. Conditions to the Underwriters' Obligations. The obligations of the
Company to sell the Shares to the Underwriters and the several obligations of
the Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Shares on the Closing Date are
subject to the condition that the Registration Statement shall have become
effective not later than [_____] (New York City time) on the date hereof.
The several obligations of the Underwriters are subject to the following
further conditions:
(a) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and
prior to the Closing Date:
(i) there shall not have occurred any downgrading, nor shall
any notice have been given of any intended or potential downgrading
or of any review for a possible change that does not indicate the
direction of the possible change, in the rating accorded any of the
Company's securities by any "nationally recognized statistical
rating organization," as such term is defined for purposes of Rule
436(g)(2) under the Securities Act; and
(ii) there shall not have occurred any change, or any
development involving a prospective change, in the condition,
financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business or operations
of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, from that set
forth in the Prospectus (exclusive of any amendments or supplements
thereto subsequent to the date of this Agreement) that, in your
judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in your
judgment, impracticable to market the Shares on the terms and in the
manner contemplated in the Prospectus.
(b) The Underwriters shall have received on the Closing Date a
certificate, dated the Closing Date and signed by an executive officer of
the Company, to the effect set forth in Section 5(a)(i) above and to the
effect that the representations and warranties of the Company contained in
this Agreement are true and correct as of the Closing Date and that the
Company has complied with all of the agreements and satisfied all of the
conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder on or before
the Closing Date.
The officer signing and delivering such certificate may rely upon
the best of his or her knowledge as to proceedings threatened.
11
<PAGE> 12
(c) The Underwriters shall have received on the Closing Date an
opinion of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP, outside counsel for the
Company, dated the Closing Date, to the effect that:
(i) the Company has been duly incorporated, is validly
existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the
State of Delaware, has the corporate power and authority to own its
property and to conduct its business as described in the Prospectus
and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing
in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or its
ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except
to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good
standing would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and
its subsidiaries, taken as a whole;
(ii) each subsidiary of the Company has been duly
incorporated, is validly existing as a corporation in good standing
under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, has the
corporate power and authority to own its property and to conduct its
business as described in the Prospectus and is duly qualified to
transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in
which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of
property requires such qualification, except to the extent that the
failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a
material adverse effect on the Company and its subsidiaries, taken
as a whole;
(iii) the authorized capital stock of the Company conforms as
to legal matters to the description thereof contained in the
Prospectus;
(iv) the shares of Common Stock outstanding prior to the
issuance of the Shares have been duly authorized and are validly
issued, fully paid and non-assessable;
(v) all of the issued shares of capital stock of each
subsidiary of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and
issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly by
the Company, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or
claims;
(vi) the Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued
and delivered in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will
be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and the issuance
of such Shares will not be subject to any preemptive or similar
rights;
12
<PAGE> 13
(vii) this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and
delivered by the Company;
(viii) the execution and delivery by the Company of, and the
performance by the Company of its obligations under, this Agreement
will not contravene any provision of applicable law or the
certificate of incorporation or by-laws of the Company or, to the
best of such counsel's knowledge, any agreement or other instrument
binding upon the Company or any of its subsidiaries that is material
to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or, to the
best of such counsel's knowledge, any judgment, order or decree of
any governmental body, agency or court having jurisdiction over the
Company or any subsidiary, and no consent, approval, authorization
or order of, or qualification with, any governmental body or agency
is required for the performance by the Company of its obligations
under this Agreement, except such as may be required by the
securities or Blue Sky laws of the various states in connection with
the offer and sale of the Shares;
(ix) the statements (A) in the Prospectus under the captions
"Risk Factors --__[to come]____," "Description of Capital Stock" and
"Underwriters" and (B) in the Registration Statement in Item 15, in
each case insofar as such statements constitute summaries of the
legal matters, documents or proceedings referred to therein, fairly
present the information called for with respect to such legal
matters, documents and proceedings and fairly summarize the matters
referred to therein;
(x) after due inquiry, such counsel does not know of any
legal or governmental proceedings pending or threatened to which the
Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or to which any of the
properties of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject that
are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the
Prospectus and are not so described or of any statutes, regulations,
contracts or other documents that are required to be described in
the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as
exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not described or
filed as required;
(xi) the Company is not and, after giving effect to the
offering and sale of the Shares and the application of the proceeds
thereof as described in the Prospectus, will not be required to
register as an "investment company" as such term is defined in the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;
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<PAGE> 14
(xii) the Company and its subsidiaries (A) are in compliance
with any and all applicable Environmental Laws, (B) have received
all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under
applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses
and (C) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such
permit, license or approval, except where such noncompliance with
Environmental Laws, failure to receive required permits, licenses or
other approvals or failure to comply with the terms and conditions
of such permits, licenses or approvals would not, singly or in the
aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the Company and its
subsidiaries, taken as a whole; and
(xiii) such counsel (A) is of the opinion that each document,
if any, filed pursuant to the Exchange Act and incorporated by
reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (except
for financial statements and schedules and other financial and
statistical data derived therefrom and included therein as to which
such counsel need not express any opinion) complied when so filed as
to form in all material respects with the Exchange Act, and the
applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, (B)
is of the opinion that the Registration Statement and Prospectus
(except for financial statements and schedules and other financial
and statistical data derived therefrom and included therein as to
which such counsel need not express any opinion) comply as to form
in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable
rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, (C) has no
reason to believe that (except for financial statements and
schedules and other financial and statistical data derived therefrom
and included therein as to which such counsel need not express any
belief) the Registration Statement and the prospectus included
therein at the time the Registration Statement became effective
contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to
state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to
make the statements therein not misleading and (D) has no reason to
believe that (except for financial statements and schedules and
other financial and statistical data derived therefrom and included
therein as to which such counsel need not express any belief) the
Prospectus contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits
to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading.
(d) The Underwriters shall have received on the Closing Date an
opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation,
counsel for the Underwriters, dated the Closing Date, covering the matters
referred to in Sections 5(c)(vi), 5(c)(vii), 5(c)(ix) (but only as to the
statements in the
14
<PAGE> 15
Prospectus under "Description of Capital Stock" and "Underwriters") and
clauses (B), (C) and (D) of 5(c)(xiii) above.
With respect to Section 5(c)(xiii) above, Gray Cary Ware &
Freidenrich LLP may state that their opinion and belief are based upon
their participation in the preparation of the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto and documents
incorporated by reference and review and discussion of the contents
thereof, but is without independent check or verification except as
specified. With respect to clauses (B), (C) and (D) of Section 5(c)(xiii)
above, Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation may
state that their opinion and belief are based upon their participation in
the preparation of the Registration Statement and Prospectus and any
amendments or supplements thereto (other than the documents incorporated
by reference) and upon review and discussion of the contents thereof
(including documents incorporated by reference), but are without
independent check or verification, except as specified.
The opinion of Gray Cary Ware & Freidenrich LLP described in Section
5(c) above shall be rendered to the Underwriters at the request of the
Company and shall so state therein.
(e) The Underwriters shall have received, (i) on each of the date
hereof and the Closing Date, a letter dated the date hereof or the Closing
Date, as the case may be, in form and substance satisfactory to the
Underwriters, from Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public accountants,
for the periods beginning on November 1, 1999, and (ii) on the date
hereof, a letter dated the date hereof in form and substance satisfactory
to the Underwriters, from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent public
accountants, for the periods prior to November 1, 1999, each containing
statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountants'
"comfort letters" to underwriters with respect to the financial statements
and certain financial information contained in, or incorporated by
reference into, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; provided
that the letter delivered on the Closing Date shall use a "cut-off date"
not earlier than the date hereof.
(f) The "lock-up" agreements, each substantially in the form of
Exhibit A hereto, between you and certain shareholders, officers and
directors of the Company relating to sales and certain other dispositions
of shares of Common Stock or certain other securities, delivered to you on
or before the date hereof, shall be in full force and effect on the
Closing Date.
The several obligations of the Underwriters to purchase Additional
Shares hereunder are subject to the delivery to you on the Option Closing
Date of such
15
<PAGE> 16
documents as you may reasonably request with respect to the good standing
of the Company, the due authorization and issuance of the Additional
Shares and other matters related to the issuance of the Additional Shares.
6. Covenants of the Company. In further consideration of the agreements
of the Underwriters herein contained, the Company covenants with each
Underwriter as follows:
(a) To furnish to you, without charge, five (5) signed copies of
the Registration Statement (including exhibits thereto and documents
incorporated by reference) and to each other Underwriter a conformed copy
of the Registration Statement (without exhibits thereto but including
documents incorporated by reference) and, to furnish to you in New York
City, without charge, prior to 10:00 a.m. New York City time on the
business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and during the
period mentioned in Section 6(c) below, as many copies of the Prospectus,
any documents incorporated by reference, and any supplements and
amendments thereto or to the Registration Statement as you may reasonably
request. The terms "supplement" and "amendment" or "amend" as used in this
Agreement shall include all documents subsequently filed by the Company
with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act that are deemed to be
incorporated by reference in the Prospectus.
(b) Before amending or supplementing the Registration Statement or
the Prospectus, to furnish to you a copy of each such proposed amendment
or supplement and not to file any such proposed amendment or supplement to
which you reasonably object, and to file with the Commission within the
applicable period specified in Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act any
prospectus required to be filed pursuant to such Rule.
(c) If, during such period after the first date of the public
offering of the Shares as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters
the Prospectus is required by law to be delivered in connection with sales
by an Underwriter or dealer, any event shall occur or condition exist as a
result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in
order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading, or if, in
the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, it is necessary to amend or
supplement the Prospectus to comply with applicable law, forthwith to
prepare, file with the Commission and furnish, at its own expense, to the
Underwriters and to the dealers (whose names and addresses you will
furnish to the Company) to which Shares may have been sold by you on
behalf of the Underwriters and to any other dealers upon request, either
amendments or supplements to the Prospectus so that the statements in the
Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the
circumstances when the
16
<PAGE> 17
Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the
Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with law.
(d) To endeavor to qualify the Shares for offer and sale under the
securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as you shall reasonably
request.
(e) To make generally available to the Company's security holders
and to you as soon as practicable an earning statement covering the
twelve-month period ending March 31, 2001 that satisfies the provisions of
Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the
Commission thereunder.
(f) Whether or not the transactions contemplated in this Agreement
are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, to pay or cause to be
paid all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under
this Agreement, including: (i) the fees, disbursements and expenses of the
Company's counsel and the Company's accountants in connection with the
registration and delivery of the Shares under the Securities Act and all
other fees or expenses in connection with the preparation and filing of
the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus and
amendments and supplements to any of the foregoing, including all printing
costs associated therewith, and the mailing and delivering of copies
thereof to the Underwriters and dealers, in the quantities hereinabove
specified, (ii) all costs and expenses related to the transfer and
delivery of the Shares to the Underwriters, including any transfer or
other taxes payable thereon, (iii) the cost of printing or producing any
Blue Sky or Legal Investment memorandum in connection with the offer and
sale of the Shares under state securities laws and all expenses in
connection with the qualification of the Shares for offer and sale under
state securities laws as provided in Section 6(d) hereof, including filing
fees and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the
Underwriters in connection with such qualification and in connection with
the Blue Sky or Legal Investment memorandum, (iv) all filing fees and the
reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters incurred
in connection with the review and qualification of the offering of the
Shares by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc., (v) all
costs and expenses incident to listing the Shares on the Nasdaq National
Market, (vi) the cost of printing certificates representing the Shares,
(vii) the costs and charges of any transfer agent, registrar or
depositary, (viii) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to
investor presentations on any "road show" undertaken in connection with
the marketing of the offering of the Shares, including, without
limitation, expenses associated with the production of road show slides
and graphics, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged in connection
with the road show presentations with the prior approval of the Company,
travel and lodging expenses of the representatives and officers of the
Company and any such consultants, and the cost of any aircraft chartered
in connection with the road
17
<PAGE> 18
show, and (ix) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance of
the obligations of the Company hereunder for which provision is not
otherwise made in this Section. It is understood, however, that except as
provided in this Section, Section 7 entitled "Indemnity and Contribution,"
and the last paragraph of Section 9 below, the Underwriters will pay all
of their costs and expenses, including fees and disbursements of their
counsel, stock transfer taxes payable on resale of any of the Shares by
them and any advertising expenses connected with any offers they may make.
7. Indemnity and Contribution
(a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each
Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within
the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of
the Exchange Act, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and
liabilities (including, without limitation, any legal or other expenses
reasonably incurred in connection with defending or investigating any such
action or claim) caused by any untrue statement or alleged untrue
statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or
any amendment thereof, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (as
amended or supplemented if the Company shall have furnished any amendments
or supplements thereto), or caused by any omission or alleged omission to
state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
to make the statements therein not misleading, except insofar as such
losses, claims, damages or liabilities are caused by any such untrue
statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission based upon
information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in
writing by such Underwriter through you expressly for use therein.
(b) Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to
indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, its officers who
sign the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the
Company within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or
Section 20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the foregoing
indemnity from the Company to such Underwriter, but only with reference to
information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company in
writing by such Underwriter through you expressly for use in the
Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus or any
amendments or supplements thereto.
(c) In case any proceeding (including any governmental
investigation) shall be instituted involving any person in respect of
which indemnity may be sought pursuant to Section 7(a) or 7(b), such
person (the "INDEMNIFIED PARTY") shall promptly notify the person against
whom such indemnity may be sought (the "INDEMNIFYING PARTY") in writing
and the indemnifying party, upon request of the
18
<PAGE> 19
indemnified party, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the
indemnified party to represent the indemnified party and any others the
indemnifying party may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the fees
and disbursements of such counsel related to such proceeding. In any such
proceeding, any indemnified party shall have the right to retain its own
counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense
of such indemnified party unless (i) the indemnifying party and the
indemnified party shall have mutually agreed to the retention of such
counsel or (ii) the named parties to any such proceeding (including any
impleaded parties) include both the indemnifying party and the indemnified
party and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be
inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them.
It is understood that the indemnifying party shall not, in respect of the
legal expenses of any indemnified party in connection with any proceeding
or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees
and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local
counsel) for all such indemnified parties and that all such fees and
expenses shall be reimbursed as they are incurred. Such firm shall be
designated in writing by Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, in the case of
parties indemnified pursuant to Section 7(a), and by the Company, in the
case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 7(b). The indemnifying
party shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected
without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there
be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to
indemnify the indemnified party from and against any loss or liability by
reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing
sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an
indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and
expenses of counsel as contemplated by the second and third sentences of
this paragraph, the indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for
any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if
(i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after receipt by
such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request and (ii) such
indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party in
accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No
indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the
indemnified party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened
proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been
a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified
party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such
indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter
of such proceeding.
(d) To the extent the indemnification provided for in Section 7(a)
or 7(b) is unavailable to an indemnified party or insufficient in respect
of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then
each indemnifying party under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such
indemnified party thereunder,
19
<PAGE> 20
shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party
as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i) in such
proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by
the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand from
the offering of the Shares or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause
7(d)(i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is
appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in
clause 7(d)(i) above but also the relative fault of the Company on the one
hand and of the Underwriters on the other hand in connection with the
statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or
liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The
relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the
Underwriters on the other hand in connection with the offering of the
Shares shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the net
proceeds from the offering of the Shares (before deducting expenses)
received by the Company and the total underwriting discounts and
commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the
table on the cover of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate Public
Offering Price of the Shares. The relative fault of the Company on the one
hand and the Underwriters on the other hand shall be determined by
reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue
statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state
a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by the
Underwriters and the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to
information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or
omission. The Underwriters' respective obligations to contribute pursuant
to this Section 7 are several in proportion to the respective number of
Shares they have purchased hereunder, and not joint.
(e) The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be
just or equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 7 were
determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated
as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that
does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in
Section 7(d). The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a
result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in the
immediately preceding paragraph shall be deemed to include, subject to the
limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses reasonably
incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or
defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this
Section 7, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in
excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Shares
underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the
public exceeds the amount of any damages that such Underwriter has
otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue
statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent
misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities
Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not
20
<PAGE> 21
guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The remedies provided for in
this Section 7 are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or
remedies which may otherwise be available to any indemnified party at law
or in equity.
(f) The indemnity and contribution provisions contained in this
Section 7 and the representations, warranties and other statements of the
Company contained in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full
force and effect regardless of (i) any termination of this Agreement, (ii)
any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any person
controlling any Underwriter or by or on behalf of the Company, its
officers or directors or any person controlling the Company and (iii)
acceptance of and payment for any of the Shares.
8. Termination This Agreement shall be subject to termination by notice
given by you to the Company, if (a) after the execution and delivery of this
Agreement and prior to the Closing Date (i) trading generally shall have been
suspended or materially limited on or by, as the case may be, any of the New
York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc., the Chicago Board of Options Exchange, the Chicago
Mercantile Exchange or the Chicago Board of Trade, (ii) trading of any
securities of the Company shall have been suspended on any exchange or in any
over-the-counter market, (iii) a general moratorium on commercial banking
activities in New York shall have been declared by either Federal or New York
State authorities or (iv) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation
of hostilities or any change in financial markets or any calamity or crisis
that, in your judgment, is material and adverse and (b) in the case of any of
the events specified in clauses 8(a)(i) through 8(a)(iv), such event, singly or
together with any other such event, makes it, in your judgment, impracticable to
market the Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.
9. Effectiveness; Defaulting Underwriters. This Agreement shall become
effective upon the execution and delivery hereof by the parties hereto.
If, on the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be,
any one or more of the Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Shares that
it has or they have agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, and the aggregate
number of Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but
failed or refused to purchase is not more than one-tenth of the aggregate number
of the Shares to be purchased on such date, the other Underwriters shall be
obligated severally in the proportions that the number of Firm Shares set forth
opposite their respective names in Schedule I bears to the aggregate number of
Firm Shares set forth opposite the names of all such non-defaulting
Underwriters, or in such other proportions as you may specify, to purchase the
Shares which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or
refused to purchase on such date; provided that in no event shall the number of
Shares that any Underwriter has agreed to purchase pursuant to this Agreement be
increased pursuant to
21
<PAGE> 22
this Section 9 by an amount in excess of one-ninth of such number of Shares
without the written consent of such Underwriter. If, on the Closing Date, any
Underwriter or Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Firm Shares and the
aggregate number of Firm Shares with respect to which such default occurs is
more than one-tenth of the aggregate number of Firm Shares to be purchased, and
arrangements satisfactory to you and the Company for the purchase of such Firm
Shares are not made within 36 hours after such default, this Agreement shall
terminate without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter or the
Company. In any such case either you or the Company shall have the right to
postpone the Closing Date, but in no event for longer than seven days, in order
that the required changes, if any, in the Registration Statement and in the
Prospectus or in any other documents or arrangements may be effected. If, on the
Option Closing Date, any Underwriter or Underwriters shall fail or refuse to
purchase Additional Shares and the aggregate number of Additional Shares with
respect to which such default occurs is more than one-tenth of the aggregate
number of Additional Shares to be purchased, the non-defaulting Underwriters
shall have the option to (i) terminate their obligation hereunder to purchase
Additional Shares or (ii) purchase not less than the number of Additional Shares
that such non-defaulting Underwriters would have been obligated to purchase in
the absence of such default. Any action taken under this paragraph shall not
relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of
such Underwriter under this Agreement.
If this Agreement shall be terminated by the Underwriters, or any of them,
because of any failure or refusal on the part of the Company to comply with the
terms or to fulfill any of the conditions of this Agreement, or if for any
reason the Company shall be unable to perform its obligations under this
Agreement, the Company will reimburse the Underwriters or such Underwriters as
have so terminated this Agreement with respect to themselves, severally, for all
out-of-pocket expenses (including the fees and disbursements of their counsel)
reasonably incurred by such Underwriters in connection with this Agreement or
the offering contemplated hereunder.
10. Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in two or more
counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the
signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.
11. Applicable Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York.
22
<PAGE> 23
12. Headings. The headings of the sections of this Agreement have been
inserted for convenience of reference only and shall not be deemed a part of
this Agreement.
Very truly yours,
Mattson Technology, Inc.
By:
------------------------------------
Name: Brad Mattson
Title: Chief Executive Officer
Accepted as of the date hereof
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.
Hambrecht & Quist LLC
Needham & Company, Inc.
Soundview Technology Group
Acting severally on behalf
of themselves and the
several Underwriters named
in Schedule I hereto.
By: Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
By:
------------------------------------
Name:
Title:
<PAGE> 24
SCHEDULE I
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF
FIRM SHARES
UNDERWRITER TO BE PURCHASED
----------- ---------------
<S> <C>
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
Hambrecht & Quist LLC
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.
Needham & Company, Inc.
Soundview Technology Group
---------------
Total ........
===============
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 25
EXHIBIT A
[FORM OF LOCK-UP LETTER]
December __, 1999
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.
Hambrecht & Quist LLC
Needham & Company, Inc.
Soundview Technology Group
c/o Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
1585 Broadway
New York, NY 10036
Dear Sirs and Mesdames:
The undersigned understands that Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
("MORGAN STANLEY") proposes to enter into an Underwriting Agreement (the
"UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT") with Mattson Technology, Inc., a Delaware corporation
(the "COMPANY"), providing for the public offering (the "PUBLIC OFFERING") by
the several Underwriters, including Morgan Stanley (the "UNDERWRITERS"), of
3,000,000 shares (the "SHARES") of the common stock ($0.001 par value per share)
of the Company (the "COMMON STOCK").
To induce the Underwriters that may participate in the Public Offering to
continue their efforts in connection with the Public Offering, the undersigned
hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley on
behalf of the Underwriters, it will not, during the period commencing on the
date hereof and ending 90 days after the date of the final prospectus relating
to the Public Offering (the "PROSPECTUS"), (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to
sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract
to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise
transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or
any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock
or (2) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in
whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common
Stock, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to
be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or
otherwise. The foregoing sentence shall not apply to (a) the sale of any Shares
to the Underwriters pursuant to the Underwriting
<PAGE> 26
Agreement or (b) transactions relating to shares of Common Stock or other
securities acquired in open market transactions after the completion of the
Public Offering. In addition, the undersigned agrees that, without the prior
written consent of Morgan Stanley on behalf of the Underwriters, it will not,
during the period commencing on the date hereof and ending 90 days after the
date of the Prospectus, make any demand for or exercise any right with respect
to, the registration of any shares of Common Stock or any security convertible
into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock.
Whether or not the Public Offering actually occurs depends on a number of
factors, including market conditions. Any Public Offering will only be made
pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement, the terms of which are subject to
negotiation between the Company and the Underwriters.
Very truly yours,
---------------------------------------
(Name)
---------------------------------------
(Address)
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 5.1
January 28, 2000
Securities and Exchange Commission
450 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20549
RE: MATTSON TECHNOLOGY, INC.
REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON FORM S-3
Ladies and Gentlemen:
As counsel to Mattson Technology, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the
"Company"), we are rendering this opinion in connection with a proposed sale of
those certain shares of the Company's newly-issued Common Stock, par value
$0.001, as set forth in the registration statement on Form S-3 (the
"Registration Statement") to which this opinion is being filed as Exhibit 5.1
(the "Shares").
We have examined such instruments, documents and records as we deemed
relevant and necessary for the basis of our opinion hereinafter expressed. In
such examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures and the
authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity to
the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies.
Based on such examination, we are of the opinion that the Shares of the
Company identified in the above-referenced Registration Statement will be, upon
effectiveness of the Registration Statement and receipt by the Company of
payment therefor, validly authorized, legally issued, fully paid and
nonassessable.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement referred to above and the use of our name wherever it
appears in said Registration Statement, including the Prospectus constituting a
part thereof, as originally filed or as subsequently amended.
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ GRAY CARY WARE & FREIDENRICH
LLP
--------------------------------------
GRAY CARY WARE & FREIDENRICH LLP
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.1
INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
As independent public accountants, we hereby consent to the use of our
report included in this registration statement and to the incorporation by
reference in this registration statement of our report dated September 4, 1997
for the financial statements of Concept Design Systems, Inc. as of June 30, 1997
and for the year then ended included in Mattson Technology, Inc.'s form 8-K/A
filed on May 6, 1999 and to all references to our Firm included in or made a
part of this registration statement.
/s/ ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
Arthur Andersen LLP
San Jose, California
January 27, 2000
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We hereby consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of
our report dated February 9, 1999, relating to the financial statements of
Mattson Technology, Inc., which appears in such Registration Statement. We also
consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form
S-3 of our report dated April 15, 1999 relating to the financial statements of
Concept Systems Design, Inc., which appears in Mattson Technology, Inc.'s
Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed May 6, 1999. We also consent to the
references to us under the heading "Experts" in such Registration Statement.
/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
January 27, 2000
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<MULTIPLIER> 1,000
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<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1999
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1999
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1999
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0
0
<COMMON> 66,296
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<SALES> 103,458
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<INCOME-PRETAX> (602)
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