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AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON FEBRUARY 24, 1997
REGISTRATION NO. 333-19279
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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AMENDMENT NO. 2
TO
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
GLENBOROUGH REALTY TRUST INCORPORATED
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
MARYLAND 94-3211970
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NUMBER)
</TABLE>
400 SOUTH EL CAMINO REAL, 11TH FLOOR
SAN MATEO, CALIFORNIA 94402
(415) 343-9300
(ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE, OF
REGISTRAR'S PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
FRANK E. AUSTIN, ESQ.
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
400 SOUTH EL CAMINO REAL, 11TH FLOOR
SAN MATEO, CALIFORNIA 94402
(415) 343-9300
(NAME, ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE,
OF AGENT FOR SERVICE)
Copies to:
STEPHEN J. SCHRADER, ESQ.
JUSTIN L. BASTIAN, ESQ.
MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP
755 PAGE MILL ROAD
PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA 94304
(415) 813-5600
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: From time
to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following
box: [ ]
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933 (the "Securities Act"), other than securities offered only in connection
with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: [X]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [ ]
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [ ]
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THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL
FILE AN AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT
SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME
EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, ACTING
PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(a), MAY DETERMINE.
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INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR
MAY OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR
THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE
SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE
UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS
OF ANY SUCH STATE.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED FEBRUARY 24, 1997
PROSPECTUS
$250,000,000
GLENBOROUGH REALTY TRUST INCORPORATED
PREFERRED STOCK,
COMMON STOCK AND WARRANTS
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Glenborough Realty Trust Incorporated (the "Company") may from time to time
offer in one or more series or classes (i) shares or fractional shares of its
preferred stock, par value $.001 (the "Preferred Stock"), (ii) shares of its
common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Common Stock") or (iii) warrants
to purchase shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock (the "Warrants"), with an
aggregate public offering price of up to $250,000,000, on terms to be determined
at the time of the offering. The Preferred Stock, Common Stock and Warrants
(collectively, the "Offered Securities") may be offered, separately or together,
in separate classes or series in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth
in a supplement to this Prospectus (each a "Prospectus Supplement").
The specific terms of the Offered Securities in respect to which this
Prospectus is being delivered will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement and will include, where applicable (i) in the case of Preferred
Stock, the specific title and stated value per share, any dividend, liquidation,
redemption, conversion, voting and other rights, and any initial public offering
price; (ii) in the case of Common Stock, the specific title and stated value and
any initial public offering price; and (iii) in the case of Warrants, the
duration, offering price, exercise price and detachability. In addition, such
specific terms may include limitations on direct or beneficial ownership and
restrictions on transfer of the Offered Securities, in each case as may be
appropriate to preserve the status of the Company as a real estate investment
trust ("REIT") for federal income tax purposes.
The applicable Prospectus Supplement will also contain information, where
applicable, about certain United States Federal Income Tax Consequences relating
to, and any listing on a securities exchange of, the Offered Securities covered
by such Prospectus Supplement.
The Offered Securities may be offered directly, through agents designated
from time to time by the Company, or to or through underwriters or dealers. If
any agents or underwriters are involved in the sale of any of the Offered
Securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or
discount arrangement between or among them, will be set forth or will be
calculable from the information set forth in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement. See "Plan of Distribution." No Offered Securities may be sold
without delivery of the applicable Prospectus Supplement describing the method
and terms of the offering of such Offered Securities.
SEE "RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING ON PAGE 6 FOR A DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN FACTORS
THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED BY PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF THE OFFERED SECURITIES.
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THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE
CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
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The date of this Prospectus is , 1997.
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NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY
REPRESENTATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED OR
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS PROSPECTUS OR AN APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT
BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR ANY UNDERWRITER,
DEALER OR AGENT. THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT DO NOT
CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES
OFFERED HEREBY IN ANY JURISDICTION TO ANY PERSON TO WHOM IT IS UNLAWFUL TO MAKE
SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION IN SUCH JURISDICTION. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS
PROSPECTUS OR ANY PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT NOR ANY SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL UNDER
ANY CIRCUMSTANCES CREATE ANY IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE
AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY SINCE THE DATE HEREOF OR THEREOF.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and in accordance
therewith files reports, proxy statements and other information with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission"). The Registration
Statement, and exhibits and schedules forming a part thereof and the reports,
proxy statements and other information filed by the Company with the Commission
in accordance with the Exchange Act can be inspected and copied at the
Commission's Public Reference Section, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.,
20549, and at the following regional offices of the Commission: Seven World
Trade Center, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10048 and 500 West Madison Street,
Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661-2511. Copies of such material can be
obtained from the Public Reference Section of the Commission, 450 Fifth Street,
N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates. The address of the
Commission's Web Site is (http://www.sec.gov). In addition, the Common Stock is
listed on the New York Stock Exchange and similar information concerning the
Company can be inspected and copied at the offices of the New York Stock
Exchange, Inc., 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
The Company has filed with the Commission a registration statement on Form
S-3 (the "Registration Statement") (of which this Prospectus is a part) under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), with respect to
the Offered Securities. This Prospectus does not contain all of the information
set forth in the Registration Statement, certain portions of which have been
omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the Commission. Statements
contained in this Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other
documents are not necessarily complete, and in each instance reference is made
to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the
Registration Statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by
such reference and the exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information
regarding the Company and the Offered Securities, reference is hereby made to
the Registration Statement and such exhibits and schedules which may be obtained
from the Commission at its principal office in Washington, D.C., upon payment of
the fees prescribed by the Commission.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The documents listed below have been filed by the Company under the
Exchange Act with the Commission and are incorporated herein by reference:
a. The Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1995;
b. The Company's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended
March 31, June 30, and September 30, 1996;
c. The Company's Current Reports on Form 8-K dated June 30, 1996, July
15, 1996, September 30, 1996, October 17, 1996 and December 4, 1996 and
Current Reports on Form 8-K/A dated March 14, 1996, August 8, 1996,
December 30, 1996 and December 30, 1996;
d. The description of the Registrant's Common Stock contained in the
Company's Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 1-14162).
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All documents filed by the Company pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14
and 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of this Prospectus and
prior to the termination of the offering of the Offered Securities shall be
deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and to be part hereof
from the date of filing such documents.
Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to
be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded
for purposes of this Prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein
(or in the applicable Prospectus Supplement) or in any other subsequently filed
document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein
modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or
superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to
constitute a part of this Prospectus (or in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement).
Copies of all documents which are incorporated herein by reference (not
including the exhibits to such information, unless such exhibits are
specifically incorporated by reference in such information) will be provided
without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this
Prospectus is delivered upon written or oral request. Requests should be
directed to the Vice President, Capital Markets, Glenborough Realty Trust
Incorporated, 400 South El Camino Real, Suite 1100, San Mateo, California
95402-1708, telephone number (415) 343-9300.
As used herein, the term "Company" means Glenborough Realty Trust
Incorporated, a Maryland real estate investment trust, and its consolidated
subsidiaries for the periods from and after December 31, 1995 (the date of the
merger of eight public limited partnerships and Glenborough Corporation, a
California corporation, (the "Predecessors") with and into the Company (the
"Consolidation")). This Prospectus contains forward-looking statements which
involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ
materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a
result of certain factors, including those set forth under "Risk Factors" and
elsewhere in this Prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated, ownership percentages
of the Company s Common Stock have been computed on a fully converted basis,
using an exchange of Operating Partnership units for Common Stock on a
one-for-one basis.
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THE COMPANY
The Company is a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment
trust (a "REIT") that owns a portfolio of 54 industrial, office, hotel, retail
and multifamily properties (the "Properties") located in 17 states throughout
the country, as of December 31, 1996. The Company's principal growth strategy is
to capitalize on the opportunity to acquire portfolios or single properties from
public and private partnerships on attractive terms. This strategy has evolved
from the Company's predecessors' experience since 1978 in managing real estate
partnerships and their assets and, since 1989, in acquiring management interests
from third parties. In addition, three associated companies (the "Associated
Companies") provide comprehensive asset, partnership and property management
services for 65 other properties that are not owned by the Company.
The Company expects to continue to enhance, expand and diversify its real
estate holdings by making property and portfolio acquisitions, improving
individual property performance and constantly reviewing the mix of its holdings
by selling appropriate properties and reinvesting the proceeds. The Company will
pursue the acquisition of individual properties and diversified portfolios that
can be purchased at attractive prices and have characteristics consistent with
the Company's growth strategy. The Company also intends to expand through the
growth of the Associated Companies, which it anticipates will occur through the
acquisition of general partnership interests, execution of asset management and
property management agreements with third parties and the leasing of hotels that
may in the future be acquired by the Company.
A portion of the Company's operations is conducted through a subsidiary
operating partnership (the "Operating Partnership") in which the Company holds a
1% interest as the sole general partner and in which the Company holds an
approximate 90.8% limited partner interest, as of December 31, 1996.
The Common Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the Symbol
"GLB." The Company commenced operations on December 31, 1995, through the merger
of eight public limited partnerships and a management company with and into the
Company. The Company's executive offices are located at 400 South El Camino
Real, Suite 1100, San Mateo, California 95402-1708 and its telephone number is
(415) 343-9300.
TAX STATUS OF THE COMPANY
The Company will elect to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), commencing with
its taxable year ended December 31, 1996. As a REIT, the Company generally will
not be subject to Federal income tax on net income that it distributes to its
stockholders. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company
may be subject to certain Federal, state and local taxes on its income and
property. See "Federal Income Tax Consequences."
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RISK FACTORS
Prospective investors should read this entire Prospectus and the applicable
Prospectus Supplement carefully, including all appendices and supplements hereto
or thereto, and should consider carefully the following factors before
purchasing the Offered Securities offered hereby.
LITIGATION RELATED TO CONSOLIDATION
Recent business reorganizations sponsored by others involving the
conversion of partnerships into corporations have given rise to a number of
investor lawsuits. These lawsuits have included claims against the general
partners of the participating partnerships, the partnerships themselves and
related persons involved in the structuring of or benefiting from the conversion
or reorganization, as well as claims against the surviving entity and its
directors and officers. The lawsuits have included, among others, claims that
the structure of the reorganizations, as well as the manner in which they were
submitted for investor approval, involved violations of federal and state
securities laws, common law fraud and negligent misrepresentations, breaches of
fiduciary duty, unfair and deceptive trade practices, negligence and waste,
breaches of the partnership documents of the participating partnerships, failure
to comply with applicable reporting requirements, violations of the rules of the
NASD on suitability and fair practices, and violations of the Racketeer
Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. Two lawsuits have been filed
contesting the fairness of the Consolidation, one in California state court and
one in federal court. A settlement of the state court action has been approved
by the court, but objectors to the settlement have appealed that approval.
Plaintiffs in the federal court action have agreed voluntarily to take the
action off calendar pending resolution of the state court action. The Company
and the other defendants in the state court action have filed a responsive brief
and the appeal is now pending.
From time to time the Company is involved in other litigation arising out
of its business activities. It is possible that this litigation and the other
litigation previously described could result in significant losses in excess of
amounts reserved, which could have an adverse effect on the Company's results of
operations and the financial condition of the Company.
CHAPTER 11 REORGANIZATION OF PARTNERSHIP CONSOLIDATION BY SENIOR MANAGEMENT
Robert and Andrew Batinovich, two of the senior officers of the Company,
were also senior members of a management team that formed a publicly registered
limited partnership in 1986 to consolidate a number of predecessor partnerships.
That public partnership was involved in litigation with its primary creditor and
in order to prevent foreclosure filed a petition for reorganization under
Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in May of 1992. The public
partnership, the primary subsidiary of which is GPA, Ltd., which owns an
approximately 14% limited partner interest in the Operating Partnership along
with other substantial real estate assets, settled the litigation and obtained
confirmation of a plan of reorganization in January 1994. Investors in the
Offered Securities should consider that the consolidation of partnerships into
GPA, Ltd.'s parent partnership did not achieve all of the objectives stated at
the time and should further consider the relevance of that fact to their
investment in the Offered Securities of the Company.
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ACQUISITIONS
Acquisitions Could Adversely Affect Operations or Stock Value
Consistent with its growth strategy, the Company is continually pursuing
and evaluating potential acquisition opportunities, and is from time to time
actively considering the possible acquisition of specific properties, which may
include properties managed or controlled by one of the Associated Companies or
owned by affiliated parties. It is possible that one or more of such possible
future acquisitions, if completed, could adversely affect the Company's funds
from operations or cash available for distribution, in the short term or the
long term or both, or increase the Company's debt, or be perceived negatively
among investors such that such an acquisition could be followed by a decline in
the market value of the Common Stock.
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Expansion Risk
The Company is experiencing a period of rapid expansion, which management
expects will continue in the near future. This growth has increased the
operating complexity of the Company as well as the level of responsibility for
both existing and new management personnel. The Company's ability to manage its
expansion effectively will require it to continue to update its operational and
financial systems and to expand, train and manage its employee base. The
Company's inability to effectively manage its expansion could have an adverse
effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.
Conflict of Interest
The Company has acquired, and from time to time may acquire, properties
from partnerships that Robert Batinovich, the Company's Chief Executive Officer,
and Andrew Batinovich, the Company's Chief Operating Officer, control, and in
which they and members of their families have substantial interests. It is also
possible that the Company may enter into transactions to acquire other
properties controlled by these individuals or in which they or members of their
families have substantial interests in the future. These transactions involve or
will involve conflicts of interest. These transactions may provide substantial
economic benefits such as the payments or unit issuances, relief or deferral of
tax liabilities, relief of primary or secondary liability for debt, and
reduction in exposure to other property-related liabilities. Despite the
presence of appraisals or fairness opinions or review by parties who have no
interest in the transactions, the transactions will not be the product of
arm's-length negotiation and there can be no assurance that these transactions
will be as favorable to the Company as transactions that the Company negotiates
with unrelated parties or will not result in undue benefit to Robert and Andrew
Batinovich and members of their families. Neither Robert Batinovich nor Andrew
Batinovich has guaranteed that any properties acquired from entities they
control or in which they or their families have a significant interest will be
as profitable as other investments made by the Company or will not result in
losses.
Assumption of General Partner Liabilities
The Company and its predecessors have acquired a number of their properties
by acquiring partnerships that own the properties or by first acquiring general
partnership interests and at a later date acquiring the properties, and the
Company may pursue acquisitions in this manner in the future. When the Company
uses this acquisition technique, a subsidiary of the Company becomes a general
partner. As a general partner the Company's subsidiary becomes generally liable
for the debts and obligations of the partnership, including debts and
obligations that may be contingent or unknown at the time of the acquisition. In
addition, the Company's subsidiary assumes obligations under the partnership
agreements, which may include obligations to make future contributions for the
benefit of other partners. The Company undertakes detailed due diligence reviews
to ascertain the nature and extent of obligations that its subsidiary will
assume when it becomes a general partner, but there can be no assurance that the
obligations assumed will not exceed the Company's estimates or that the assumed
liabilities will not have an adverse effect on the Company's results of
operations or financial condition. In addition, an Associated Company may enter
into management agreements pursuant to which it assumes certain obligations as
manager of properties. There can be no assurance that these obligations will not
have an adverse effect on the Associated Companies' results of operations or
financial condition, which could adversely affect the value of the Company's
preferred stock interest in those companies.
Risks Relating to Tender Offers
The Company may, as part of its growth strategy, acquire properties and
portfolio of properties through tender offer acquisitions of interests in public
and private partnerships. Tender offers often result in competing tender offers,
as well as litigation initiated by limited partners in the subject partnerships
or by competing bidders. Due to the inherent uncertainty of litigation, the
Company could be subject to adverse judgments in substantial amounts. As the
Company has not yet attempted an acquisition through the tender offer process,
and because of competing offers and possible litigation, there can be no
assurance that, if undertaken, the
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Company would be successful in acquiring properties through a tender offer or
that the tender offer process would not result in litigation and a significant
judgment adverse to the Company.
CERTAIN TAX RISKS
Consequences of Failure to Qualify as a REIT
The Company intends to elect to be treated as a REIT under the Code
commencing with its taxable year ending December 31, 1996. No assurance can be
given, however, that the Company will be able to operate in a manner which would
permit it to qualify to make this election. Qualification as a REIT involves the
satisfaction of numerous requirements (some on an annual and quarterly basis)
established under highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only
limited judicial or administrative interpretation exists, and involves the
determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within
the Company's control. The Company will receive nonqualifying management fee
income and will own nonqualifying preferred stock in the Associated Companies.
As a result, the Company may approach the income and asset test limits imposed
by the Code and could be at risk of not satisfying those tests. In order to
avoid exceeding the asset test limit, for example, the Company may have to
reduce its interest in the Associated Companies. The Company is relying on the
opinion of its tax counsel regarding its ability to qualify as a REIT. This
legal opinion is not binding on the IRS. See "Federal Income Tax
Consequences -- Taxation of the Company."
If the Company were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the
Company would be subject to federal income tax (including any applicable
alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at corporate rates. Moreover,
unless entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, the Company would
also be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years
following the year during which qualification is lost. This treatment would
reduce the net earnings of the Company available for investment or distribution
to stockholders because of the additional tax liability to the Company for the
years involved. In addition, distributions to stockholders would no longer be
required to be made. See "Federal Income Tax Consequences -- Failure to
Qualify."
Even if the Company qualifies as a REIT, it will be subject to certain
federal, state and local taxes on its income and property. See "Federal Income
Tax Consequences -- Taxation of the Company."
Consequences of Failure of the Operating Partnership to Qualify as a
Partnership
The Company expects that the Operating Partnership, which is organized as a
limited partnership, will qualify for treatment as such under the Code. If the
Operating Partnership, or any of the other partnerships owned by the Operating
Partnership, fails to qualify for treatment as a partnership under the Code, the
Company would cease to qualify as a REIT, and both the Company and the Operating
Partnership would be subject to federal income tax (including any alternative
minimum tax on the Company's income, at corporate rates). See "Federal Income
Tax Consequences -- Failure to Qualify."
Possible Changes in Tax Laws
Income tax treatment of REITs may be modified, prospectively or
retroactively, by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time. No
assurance can be given that legislation, regulations, administrative
interpretations or court decisions will not significantly change the tax laws
with respect to the qualification as a REIT or the federal income tax
consequences of this qualification. In addition to any direct effects the
changes might have, the changes might also indirectly affect the market value of
all real estate investments, and consequently the ability of the Company to
realize its investment objectives.
RISKS RELATING TO REAL ESTATE
Environmental Matters
All of the Properties presently owned by the Company have been subject to
Phase I environmental assessments by independent environmental consultants. Some
of the Phase I environmental assessments recommended further investigations in
the form of Phase II environmental assessments, including soil and
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groundwater sampling, and all of these investigations have been completed by the
Company or are in the process of being completed. Certain of the Properties
owned by the Company have been found to contain ACMs. The Company believes that
these materials have been adequately contained and that an ACM operations and
maintenance program has been implemented or is in the process of being
implemented for the Properties found to contain ACMs.
Some, but not all, of the properties owned by partnerships managed by the
Associated Companies have been subject to Phase I environmental assessments by
independent environmental consultants. The Associated Companies determine on a
case-by-case basis whether to obtain Phase I environmental assessments on these
properties and whether to undertake further investigation or remediation.
Certain of these properties contain ACMs. In each case the responsible
Associated Company believes that these materials have been adequately contained
and that an ACM operations and maintenance program has been implemented for the
properties found to contain ACMs.
Six of the Properties owned by the Company are leased in whole or in part
to an operator of auto care centers which include oil change and tune-up
facilities, and ten of the Properties are leased to operators of convenience
stores which sell petroleum-based fuels. These Properties and other of the
Properties contain, and/or may have contained in the past, underground storage
tanks for the storage of petroleum products and/or other hazardous or toxic
substances which create a potential for release of petroleum products and/or
other hazardous or toxic substances. Some of the Properties owned by the Company
are adjacent to or near properties that have contained in the past or currently
contain, underground storage tanks used to store petroleum products or other
hazardous or toxic substances. Several of the Properties have been contaminated
with petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances from on-site
operations or operations on adjacent or nearby properties. In addition, certain
of the Properties are on, adjacent to or near properties upon which others have
engaged or may in the future engage in activities that may release petroleum
products or other hazardous or toxic substances.
Although tenants of the Properties owned by the Company generally are
required by their leases to operate in compliance with all applicable federal,
state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations and to indemnify
the Company against any environmental liability arising from the tenants'
activities on the Properties, the Company could nevertheless be subject to
environmental liability relating to its management of the Properties or strict
liability by virtue of its ownership interest in the Properties and there can be
no assurance that the tenants would satisfy their indemnification obligations
under the leases. There can be no assurance that any environmental assessments
of the Properties owned by the Company, properties being considered for
acquisition by the Company, or the properties owned by the partnerships managed
by the Associated Companies have revealed all potential environmental
liabilities, that any prior owner or prior or current operator of such
properties did not create an environmental condition not known to the Company or
that an environmental condition does not otherwise exist as to any one or more
of such properties that could have an adverse effect on the Company's results of
operations and financial condition, either directly (with respect to properties
owned by the Company), or indirectly (with respect to properties owned by
partnerships managed by an Associated Company) by adversely affecting the
financial condition of the Associated Company and thus the value of the
Company's preferred stock interest in the Associated Company. Moreover, there
can be no assurance that (i) future environmental laws, ordinances or
regulations will not have an adverse effect on the Company's results of
operations and financial condition or (ii) the current environmental condition
of such properties will not be affected by tenants and occupants of such
properties, by the condition of land or operations in the vicinity of the
properties (such as the presence of underground storage tanks), or by third
parties unrelated to the Company.
Risks Related to Ownership and Financing of Real Estate
The Company is subject to risks generally incidental to the ownership of
real estate, including changes in general economic or local conditions, changes
in supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in an area, the
impact of environmental protection laws, changes in interest rates and
availability of financing which may render the sale or financing of a property
difficult or unattractive, changes in tax, real estate and zoning laws, and the
creation of mechanics' liens or similar encumbrances placed on the property by a
lessee or other
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parties without the Company's knowledge and consent. Should any of these events
occur, there could be an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations
and financial condition.
Availability of Real Estate for Acquisitions
The Company's growth is dependent upon acquisitions. There can be no
assurance that properties will be available for acquisition or, if available,
that the Company will be able to purchase such properties on favorable terms. If
such acquisitions are not available it could have a negative impact on the
growth of the Company, which could have an adverse effect on the performance of
the Company's Common Stock.
Competition for Acquisition of Real Estate
The Company faces competition from other businesses, individuals, fiduciary
accounts and plans and other entities in the acquisition, operation and sale of
its properties. Some of the Company's competitors are larger and have greater
financial resources than the Company. This competition may result in a higher
cost for properties the Company wishes to purchase.
Competition for Tenants
The Company is subject to the risk that when space becomes available at its
properties the leases may not be renewed, the space may not be let or relet, or
the terms of the renewal or reletting (including the cost of required
renovations or concessions to tenants) may be less favorable to the Company.
Although the Company has established annual property budgets that include
estimates of costs for renovation and reletting expenses that it believes are
reasonable in light of each property's situation, no assurance can be given that
these estimates will sufficiently cover these expenses. If the Company is unable
to promptly lease all or substantially all of the space at its properties, if
the rental rates are significantly lower than expected, or if the Company's
reserves for these purposes prove inadequate, then there could be an adverse
effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.
Tenants' Defaults
The ability of the Company to manage its assets is subject to federal
bankruptcy laws and state laws affecting creditors' rights and remedies
available to real property owners. In the event of the financial failure or
bankruptcy of a tenant, there can be no assurance that the Company could
promptly recover the tenant's premises from the tenant or from a trustee or
debtor-in-possession in any bankruptcy proceeding filed by or against that
tenant, or that the Company would receive rent in the proceeding sufficient to
cover its expenses with respect to the premises. In the event of the bankruptcy
of a tenant, the Company will be subject to the provisions of the federal
bankruptcy code, which in some instances may restrict the amount and
recoverability of claims held by the Company against the tenant. If any tenant
defaults on its obligations to the Company, there could be an adverse effect on
the Company's results of operations and financial condition.
Management, Leasing and Brokerage Risks; Lack of Control of Associated
Companies
The Company is subject to the risks associated with the property
management, leasing and brokerage businesses. These risks include the risk that
management contracts or service agreements may be terminated, that contracts
will not be renewed upon expiration or will not be renewed on terms consistent
with current terms, and that leasing and brokerage activity generally may
decline. Acquisition of properties by the Company from the Associated Companies
could result in a decrease in revenues to the Associated Companies and a
corresponding decrease in dividends received by the Company from the Associated
Companies. Each of these developments could have an adverse effect on the
Company's results of operations and financial condition.
To qualify for and to maintain the Company's status as a REIT while
realizing income from the Company's third-party management business, the capital
stock of Glenborough Hotel Group, a Nevada corporation ("GHG"), Glenborough
Corporation, a California corporation ("GC") and Glenborough Inland Realty
Corporation, a California corporation ("GIRC," and collectively with GHG and GC,
the "Associated Companies") (which conduct the Company's third-party management,
leasing and brokerage businesses) is divided into two classes. All of the voting
common stock of the Associated Companies, representing 5% of the
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total equity of GC and GIRC, and 25% of the total equity of GHG, is held by
individual stockholders. Nonvoting preferred stock representing the remaining
equity of each Associated Company is held entirely by the Company. Although the
Company holds a majority of the equity interest in each Associated Company, the
Company is not able to elect directors of any Associated Company and,
consequently, the Company has no ability to influence the day-to-day decisions
of each entity.
Uninsured Loss
The Company or in certain instances tenants of the properties carry
comprehensive liability, fire and extended coverage with respect to the
Company's properties, with policy specification and insured limits customarily
carried for similar properties. There are, however, certain types of losses
(such as from earthquakes and floods) that may be either uninsurable or not
economically insurable. Further, certain of the properties are located in areas
that are subject to earthquake activity and floods. Should a property sustain
damage as a result of an earthquake or flood, the Company may incur losses due
to insurance deductibles, co-payments on insured losses or uninsured losses.
Should an uninsured loss occur, the Company could lose some or all of its
capital investment, cash flow and anticipated profits related to one or more
properties, which could have an adverse effect on the Company's results of
operations and financial condition.
Illiquidity of Real Estate
Real estate investments are relatively illiquid and, therefore, will tend
to limit the ability of the Company to vary its portfolio promptly in response
to changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and individual agreements with sellers of
properties place limits on the Company's ability to sell properties, which may
adversely affect returns to holders of Common Stock. Eighteen of the properties
owned by the Operating Partnership were acquired on terms and conditions under
which they be disposed of only in a like-kind exchange or other non-taxable
transaction.
Potential Liability Under the Americans With Disabilities Act
As of January 26, 1992, all of the Company's properties were required to be
in compliance with the Americans With Disabilities Act (the "ADA"). The ADA
generally requires that places of public accommodation be made accessible to
people with disabilities to the extent readily achievable. Compliance with the
ADA requirements could require removal of access barriers and non-compliance
could result in imposition of fines by the federal government, an award of
damages to private litigants and/or a court order to remove access barriers.
Because of the limited history of the ADA, the impact of its application to the
Company's properties, including the extent and timing of required renovations,
is uncertain. Pursuant to certain lease agreements with tenants in certain of
the "single-tenant" Properties, the tenants are obligated to comply with the ADA
provisions. If the Company's costs are greater than anticipated or tenants are
unable to meet their obligations, there could be an adverse effect on the
Company's results of operations and financial condition.
ADDITIONAL CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
The Company's future growth depends in large part upon its ability to raise
additional capital on satisfactory terms or at all. There can be no assurance
that the Company will be able to raise sufficient capital to achieve its
objectives. If the Company were to raise additional capital through the issuance
of additional equity securities or securities convertible into or exercisable
for equity securities, the interests of holders of the Offered Securities, could
be diluted. Likewise, the Company's Board of Directors is authorized to cause
the Company to issue Preferred Stock in one or more classes or series and to
determine the distributions and voting and other rights of the Preferred Stock.
Accordingly, the Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of Preferred
Stock with voting, distribution and other similar rights which could be dilutive
to or otherwise adversely affect the interests of holders of the Offered
Securities. If the Company were to raise additional capital through debt
financing, the Company will be subject to the risks described below, among
others.
LIMITATION ON OWNERSHIP OF COMMON STOCK MAY PRECLUDE ACQUISITION OF CONTROL
Provisions of the Company's Articles of Incorporation are designed to
assist the Company in maintaining its qualification as a REIT under the Code by
preventing concentrated ownership of the Company which
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might jeopardize REIT qualification. Among other things, these provisions
provide that (a) any transfer or acquisition of Common Stock that would result
in the disqualification of the Company as a REIT under the Code will be void,
and (b) if any person attempts to acquire shares of Common Stock that after the
acquisition would cause the person to own or to be deemed to own, by operation
of certain attribution rules set out in the Code, an amount of Common Stock in
excess of a predetermined limit, which, pursuant to Board action, currently is
8.8% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (the "Ownership Limitation" and
as to the Common Stock, the transfer of which would cause any person to actually
own Common Stock in excess of the Ownership Limitation, the "Excess Shares"),
the transfer shall be void and the Common Stock subject to the transfer shall
automatically be transferred to an unaffiliated trustee for the benefit of a
charitable organization designated by the Board of Directors of the Company
until sold by the trustee to a third party or purchased by the Company. Robert
Batinovich and individuals or entities whose ownership of Common Stock is
attributed to Robert Batinovich in determining the number of shares of Common
Stock owned by him for purposes of compliance with Section 856 of the Code (the
"Attributed Owners"), are exempt from these restrictions, but are prohibited
from acquiring shares of Common Stock if, after the acquisition, they would own
in excess of 14% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock. This limitation on
the ownership of Common Stock may have the effect of precluding the acquisition
of control of the Company by a third party without the consent of the Board of
Directors. If the Board of Directors waives the Ownership Limitation for any
person, the Ownership Limitation shall be proportionally and automatically
reduced with regard to all other persons such that no five persons may own more
than 49% of the Common Stock (the aggregate Ownership Limitations as to all of
these persons, as adjusted, the "Adjusted Ownership Limitation"). See
"Description of Common Stock -- Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer of Common
Stock" and "Federal Income Tax Consequences."
OTHER RISKS
Debt Financing
The Company intends to incur additional indebtedness in the future,
including through borrowings under a credit facility, if a credit facility is
available, to finance property acquisitions. As a result, the Company expects to
be subject to risks associated with debt financing, including the risk that
interest rates may increase, the risk that the Company's cash flow will be
insufficient to meet required payments on its debt and the risk that the Company
may be unable to refinance or repay the debt as it comes due. The Company's
current $50 million secured revolving line of credit with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
provides that distributions may not exceed 90% of funds from operations and
that, in the event of a failure to pay principal or interest on borrowings
thereunder when due (subject to any applicable grace period), the Company and
its subsidiaries may not pay any distributions on the Common Stock or the
Preferred Stock. If the Company is unable to obtain acceptable financing to
repay indebtedness at maturity, the Company may have to sell properties to repay
indebtedness or properties may be foreclosed upon, which could have an adverse
effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.
Dependence on Executive Officers
The Company is dependent on the efforts of Robert and Andrew Batinovich,
its President and Chief Executive Officer and its Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, respectively, and of its
other executive officers. The loss of the services of any of them could have an
adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of the
Company.
Board of Directors May Change Investment Policies
The descriptions in this Prospectus of the major policies and the various
types of investments to be made by the Company reflect only the current plans of
the Company's Board of Directors. The Company's Board of Directors may change
the investment policies of the Company without a vote of the stockholders. If
the Company changes its investment policies, the risks and potential rewards of
an investment in the Company may also change. In addition, the methods of
implementing the Company's investment policies may vary as new investment
techniques are developed. See "Business and Properties -- Investment Policies."
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Effect of Market Interest Rates on Price of Common Stock
One of the factors that may influence the market price of the shares of
Common Stock in public markets will be the annual yield on the price paid for
shares of Common Stock from distributions by the Company. An increase in market
interest rates may lead prospective purchasers of the Common Stock to seek a
higher annual yield from their investments. Such circumstances may adversely
affect the market price of the Common Stock.
Shares Available for Future Sale
No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that future sales of
shares of Common Stock or future conversions or exercises of securities into or
for shares of Common Stock, or the availability of such securities for future
sales, including shares of Common Stock issuable upon exchange of Operating
Partnership units, will have on the market price of the Common Stock prevailing
from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of Common Stock, or the
perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect the prevailing
market price for the Common Stock.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the
Company intends to use the proceeds from any sale of Offered Securities for
general corporate purposes including, without limitation, the acquisition and
development of properties and the repayment of debt. Net proceeds from the sale
of the Offered Securities initially may be temporarily invested in short-term
securities.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
The Company's ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the three and
nine-month periods ended September 30, 1996 was 2.12x and 2.70x, respectively.
Prior to the Consolidation, the Company's Predecessors combined ratio of
earnings to fixed charges for 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1995 was 2.13x,
(0.37x), 2.67x, 2.58x and 1.41x, respectively. The ratio of earnings to fixed
charges is computed as income from operations, before minority interest, income
taxes and extraordinary items, plus fixed charges (primarily interest expense)
divided by fixed charges. The ratio of earnings to fixed charges was less than
1.0 in 1992 due to a non-recurring loss provision that did not affect cash flow.
To date, the Company has not issued any shares of preferred stock; therefore,
the ratios of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred share dividends
are unchanged from the ratios presented in this section.
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DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK
Subject to limitations prescribed by Maryland law and the Company's
Articles of Incorporation and Articles Supplementary (collectively, the
"Charter"), the Board of Directors is authorized to issue, from the authorized
but unissued capital stock of the Company, Preferred Stock in such classes or
series as the Board of Directors may determine and to establish from time to
time the number of shares of Preferred Stock to be included in any such class or
series and to fix the designation and any preferences, conversion and other
rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications
and terms and conditions of redemption of the shares of any such class or
series, and such other subjects or matters as may be fixed by resolution of the
Board of Directors. The issuance of Preferred Stock may have the effect of
delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company.
Preferred Stock, upon issuance against full payment of the purchase price
therefor, will be fully paid and nonassessable. The specific terms of a
particular class or series of Preferred Stock will be described in the
Prospectus Supplement relating to that class or series, including a Prospectus
Supplement providing that Preferred Stock may be issuable upon the exercise of
Warrants issued by the Company. The description of Preferred Stock set forth
below and the description of the terms of a particular class or series of
Preferred Stock set forth in a Prospectus Supplement do not purport to be
complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the articles
supplementary relating to that class or series.
The rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the Preferred Stock
of each class or series will be fixed by the articles supplementary relating to
such class or series. A Prospectus Supplement, relating to each class or series,
will specify the terms of the Preferred Stock as follows:
(1) The title and stated value of such Preferred Stock;
(2) The number of shares of such Preferred Stock offered, the
liquidation preference per share and the offering price of such Preferred
Stock;
(3) The dividend rate(s), period(s), and/or payment date(s) or
method(s) of calculation thereof applicable to such Preferred Stock;
(4) Whether such Preferred Stock is cumulative or not and, if
cumulative, the date from which dividends on such Preferred Stock shall
accumulate;
(5) The procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any, for such
Preferred Stock;
(6) The provision for a sinking fund, if any, for such Preferred
Stock;
(7) The provision for redemption, if applicable, of such Preferred
Stock;
(8) Any listing of such Preferred Stock on any securities exchange;
(9) The terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which such
Preferred Stock will be converted into Common Stock of the Company,
including the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof);
(10) A discussion of any material federal income tax consequences
applicable to such Preferred Stock;
(11) Any limitations on direct or beneficial ownership and
restrictions on transfer, in each case as may be appropriate to preserve
the status of the Company as a REIT;
(12) The relative ranking and preferences of such Preferred Stock as
to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up
of the affairs of the Company;
(13) Any limitations on issuance of any class or series of preferred
stock ranking senior to or on a parity with such class or series of
Preferred Stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company;
(14) Any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations or
restrictions of such Preferred Stock; and
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(15) Any voting rights of such Preferred Stock.
Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement, the Preferred
Stock will, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of the Company, rank (i) senior to all classes or
series of Common Stock and Excess Stock of the Company, and to all equity
securities ranking junior to such Preferred Stock with respect to dividend
rights or rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company;
(ii) on a parity with all equity securities issued by the Company the terms of
which specifically provide that such equity securities rank on a parity with the
Preferred Stock with respect to dividends rights or rights upon liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of the Company; and (iii) junior to all equity
securities issued by the Company the terms of which specifically provide that
such equity securities rank senior to the Preferred Stock with respect to
dividend rights or rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the
Company.
The terms and conditions, if any, upon which shares of any class or series
of Preferred Stock are convertible into Common Stock will be set forth in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement relating thereto. Such terms will include the
number of shares of Common Stock into which the Preferred Stock is convertible,
the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof), the conversion period,
provisions as to whether conversion will be at the option of the holders of the
Preferred Stock or the Company, the events requiring an adjustment of the
conversion price and provisions affecting conversion in the event of the
redemption of such Preferred Stock.
All certificates representing shares of Preferred Stock will bear a legend
referring to the restrictions described above.
All persons who own, directly or by virtue of the attribution provisions of
the Code, more than 5% of the outstanding Common Stock and Preferred Stock (or
1% if there are fewer than 2,000 stockholders) must file an affidavit with the
Company containing the information specified in the Charter within 30 days after
December 31 of each year. In addition, each stockholder shall upon demand be
required to disclose to the Company in writing such information with respect to
the direct, indirect and constructive ownership of shares as the Board of
Directors deems necessary to determine the Company's status as a real estate
investment trust and to insure compliance with the Ownership Limit.
The articles supplementary, if applicable, for the Offered Securities may
also contain provisions that further restrict the ownership and transfer of the
Offered Securities. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will specify any
additional ownership limitation relating to the Offered Securities.
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
The following description of the Common Stock sets forth certain general
terms and provisions of the Common Stock to which any Prospectus Supplement may
relate, including a Prospectus Supplement providing that Common Stock will be
issuable upon conversion of Preferred Stock or upon the exercise of Warrants
issued by the Company. This description is in all respects subject to and
qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable provisions of the
Company's Charter and its Bylaws. The Common Stock is listed on the New York
Stock Exchange under the symbol "GLB." Registrar and Transfer Company is the
Company's transfer agent.
GENERAL
The Company's Charter authorizes the Company to issue up to 50,000,000
shares of Common Stock with a par value of $.001 per share. As of December 31,
1996 there were 9,661,553 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding and no
shares of Excess Stock were issued and outstanding. Under Maryland law,
stockholders generally are not liable for the Company's debts or obligations.
The holders of shares of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on
all matters voted on by stockholders, including election of directors, and,
except as provided in the Charter in respect of any other class of or series of
stock, the holders of these shares exclusively possess all voting power. The
Charter does not
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provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors. Subject to any
preferential rights of any outstanding shares or series of stock, holders of
shares of Common Stock are entitled to receive distributions, when and as
declared by the Board of Directors, out of funds legally available therefor.
Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of
Common Stock are entitled to receive pro rata all assets of the Company legally
available for distribution to its stockholders after payment of, or adequate
provisions for, all known debts and liabilities of the Company. All shares of
Common Stock now outstanding are fully paid and nonassessable, as will be the
shares of Common Stock offered by this Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement
when issued. The holders of the Common Stock offered hereby will have no
preemptive rights to subscribe to additional stock or securities issued by the
Company at a subsequent date.
RESTRICTIONS ON OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER OF COMMON STOCK
For the Company to qualify as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% of
the value of its outstanding shares of Common Stock may be owned, directly or
indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include
certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first
year) or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Shares of Common
Stock must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days
of a taxable year of 12 months (other than the first year) or during a
proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. See "Federal Income Tax
Consequences -- Taxation of the Company -- Requirements for Qualification."
Because the Board of Directors believes it is essential for the Company to
qualify as a REIT, the Charter, subject to certain exceptions, provides that no
holder, other than Robert Batinovich and the individuals or entities whose
ownership of shares of Common Stock is attributed to Mr. Batinovich under the
Code (the "Attributed Owners"), may own an amount of Common Stock in excess of
the Ownership Limitation, which, pursuant to Board action, currently is 8.8% of
the outstanding shares of Common Stock. A qualified trust (as defined in the
Charter) generally may own up to 9.9% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.
The Ownership Limitation provides that Robert Batinovich and the Attributed
Owners may hold up to 14% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, including
shares which Robert Batinovich and the Attributed Owners may acquire pursuant to
an option held by GPA, Ltd. or Mr. Batinovich to cause the Company to redeem
their respective partnership interests in the Operating Partnership, assuming
GPA, Ltd. then dissolves and distributes these shares to the partners of GPA,
Ltd.
The Board of Directors may waive the Ownership Limitation if evidence
satisfactory to the Board of Directors and the Company's tax counsel is
presented that such ownership will not jeopardize the Company's status as a
REIT. As a condition to such waiver, the Board of Directors may require opinions
of counsel satisfactory to it and/or an undertaking from the applicant with
respect to preserving the REIT status of the Company. The Ownership Limitation
will not apply if the Board of Directors and the stockholders determine that it
is no longer in the best interests of the Company to attempt to qualify, or to
continue to qualify, as a REIT. Any transfer of Common Stock that would (a)
create actual or constructive ownership of Common Stock in excess of the
Ownership Limitation, (b) result in the Common Stock being owned by fewer than
100 persons, or (c) result in the Company's being "closely held" under Section
856(h) of the Code, shall be null and void, and the intended transferee will
acquire no rights to the Common Stock.
The Charter also provides that Common Stock involved in a transfer or
change in capital structure that results in a person (other than Robert
Batinovich and the Attributed Owners) owning in excess of the Ownership
Limitation or would cause the Company to become "closely held" (within the
meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code) will automatically be transferred to a
trustee for the benefit of a charitable organization until purchased by the
Company or sold to a third party without violation of the Ownership Limitation.
While held in trust, the Excess Shares will remain outstanding for purposes of
any stockholder vote or the determination of a quorum for such vote and the
trustee will be empowered to vote the Excess Shares. Excess Shares shall be
entitled to distributions, provided that such distributions shall be paid to a
charitable organization selected by the Board of Directors as beneficiary of the
trust. The trustee may transfer the Excess Shares to any individual whose
ownership of Common Stock would be permitted under the Ownership Limitation and
would not cause the Company to become "closely held." In addition, the Company
would have the right, for a period of 90 days, to purchase all or any portion of
the Excess Shares from the
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trustee at the lesser of the price paid for the Shares by the intended
transferee or the closing market price for the Common Stock on the date the
Company exercises its option to purchase.
The Ownership Limitation will not be automatically removed even if the REIT
provisions of the Code are changed so as to no longer contain any ownership
concentration limitation or if the ownership concentration limitation is
increased. Except as otherwise described above, any change in the Ownership
Limitation would require an amendment to the Charter. Such amendments require
the affirmative vote of stockholders owning a majority of the outstanding Common
Stock. In addition to preserving the Company's status as a REIT, the Ownership
Limitation may have the effect of precluding an acquisition of control of the
Company by a third party without the approval of the Board of Directors.
All certificates representing shares of Common Stock will bear a legend
referring to the restrictions described above.
All stockholders of record who own 5% or more of the value of the
outstanding Common Stock (or 1% if there are fewer than 2,000 stockholders of
record but more than 200, or 1/2% if there are 200 or fewer stockholders of
record) must file written notice with the Company containing the information
specified in the Charter by January 30 of each year. In addition, each
stockholder shall upon demand be required to disclose to the Company in writing
such information with respect to the direct, indirect and constructive ownership
of Common Stock as the Board of Directors deems necessary to determine the
effect, if any, of such ownership on the Company's status as a REIT and to
ensure compliance with the Ownership Limitation. The Company intends to use its
best efforts to enforce the Ownership Limitation and will make prohibited
transferees aware of their obligation to pay over any distributions received,
will not give effect on its books to prohibited transfers, will institute
proceedings to enjoin any transfer violating the Ownership Limitation, and will
declare all votes of prohibited transferees invalid.
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
The Company has no Warrants outstanding (other than options issued under
the Company's employee stock option plan). The Company may issue Warrants for
the purchase of Preferred Stock or Common Stock. Warrants may be issued
independently or together with any other Offered Securities offered by any
Prospectus Supplement and may be attached to or separate from such Offered
Securities. Each series of Warrants will be issued under a separate warrant
agreement (each, a "Warrant Agreement") to be entered into between the Company
and a warrant agent specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement (the
"Warrant Agent"). The Warrant Agent will act solely as an agent of the Company
in connection with the Warrants of such series and will not assume any
obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any provisions of the
Warrants offered hereby. Further terms of the Warrants and the applicable
Warrant Agreements will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe the terms of the
Warrants in respect of which this Prospectus is being delivered, including,
where applicable, the following:
(1) The title of such Warrants;
(2) The aggregate number of such Warrants;
(3) The price or prices at which such Warrants will be issued;
(4) The designation, number of terms of the shares of Preferred Stock
or Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of such Warrants;
(5) The designation and terms of the Offered Securities, if any, with
which such Warrants are issued and the number of such Warrants issued with
each such Offered Security;
(6) The date, if any, on and after which such Warrants and the
related Preferred Stock or Common Stock will be separately transferable;
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(7) The price at which each share of Preferred Stock or Common Stock
purchasable upon exercise of such Warrants may be purchased;
(8) The date on which the right to exercise such Warrants shall
commence and the date on which such right shall expire;
(9) The minimum or maximum amount of such Warrants which may be
exercised at any one time;
(10) Information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;
(11) A discussion of certain federal income tax consequences; and
(12) Any other terms of such Warrants, including terms, procedures and
limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of such Warrants.
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE COMPANY'S CHARTER AND BYLAWS
Certain provisions of the Company's Charter and Bylaws might discourage
certain types of transactions that involve an actual or threatened change in
control of the Company that might involve a premium price for the Company's
capital stock or otherwise be in the best interest of the stockholders. See
"Description of Common Stock -- Restrictions on Transfer." The issuance of
shares of preferred stock or other capital stock by the Board of Directors may
also have the effect of delaying, depriving or preventing a change in control of
the Company. The Bylaws of the Company contain certain advance notice
requirements in the nomination of persons for election to the Board of Directors
which could have the effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction in
which holders of some, or a majority, of the Common Stock might receive a
premium for their Common Stock over the prevailing market price, or which such
holders might believe to be otherwise in their best interests.
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FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following summary of material federal income tax consequences is based
on current law and does not purport to deal with all aspects of taxation that
may be relevant to particular stockholders in light of their personal investment
or tax circumstances, or to certain types of stockholders (including insurance
companies, financial institutions and broker-dealers) subject to special
treatment under the federal income tax laws.
EACH PROSPECTIVE PURCHASER IS ADVISED TO CONSULT HIS OWN TAX ADVISOR
REGARDING THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO HIM OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND
SALE OF THE OFFERED SECURITIES.
The Company believes that since January 1, 1996, it has operated in a
manner that permits it to satisfy the requirements for taxation as a REIT under
the applicable provisions of the Code. The Company intends to continue to
operate to satisfy such requirements. No assurance can be given, however, that
such requirements will be met.
The sections of the Code relating to qualification and operation as a REIT
are highly technical and complex. The following sets forth the material aspects
of the Code sections that govern the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and
its stockholders. Morrison & Foerster LLP has acted as tax counsel to the
Company in connection with Company's election to be taxed as a REIT.
In the opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP, commencing with the Company's
taxable year that will end on December 31, 1996, the Company has been organized
in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT, and its method
of operation has and will enable it to continue to meet the requirements for
qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code. It must be emphasized that
this opinion is based on various assumptions and is conditioned upon certain
representations made by the Company as to factual matters. Moreover, such
qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon the Company's ability to
maintain diversity of stock ownership and meet, through actual quarterly and
annual operating results, distribution levels and the various qualification
tests imposed under the Code discussed below, the results of which will not be
reviewed by Morrison & Foerster LLP. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that
the actual results of the Company's operations for any particular taxable year
will satisfy such requirements. See "-- Failure to Qualify."
In brief, if certain detailed conditions imposed by the REIT provisions of
the Code are met, entities, such as the Company, that invest primarily in real
estate and that otherwise would be treated for federal income tax purposes as
corporations, are generally not taxed at the corporate level on their Real
Estate Investment Trust Taxable Income ("REITTI") that is currently distributed
to stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the "double taxation"
(i.e., taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels) that generally
results from the use of corporate investment vehicles.
If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any year, however, it will be
subject to federal income tax as if it were a domestic corporation, and its
stockholders will be taxed in the same manner as stockholders of ordinary
corporations. In this event, the Company could be subject to potentially
significant tax liabilities and the amount of cash available for distribution to
its stockholders could be reduced.
TAXATION OF THE COMPANY
General
In any year in which the Company qualifies as a REIT, it will not generally
be subject to federal income tax on that portion of its net income that it
distributes to stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the "double
taxation" on income at the corporate and stockholder levels that generally
results from investment in a corporation. However, the REIT will be subject to
federal income tax as follows: First, the REIT will be taxed at regular
corporate rates on any undistributed REITTI, including undistributed net capital
gains. Second, under certain circumstances, the REIT may be subject to the
federal "alternative minimum tax" on its items of tax preference. Third, if the
REIT has (i) net income from the sale or other disposition of "foreclosure
property" which is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course
of business or
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(ii) other nonqualifying income from foreclosure property, it will be subject to
tax at the highest corporate rate on such income. Fourth, if the REIT has net
income from prohibited transactions (which are, in general, certain sales or
other dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in the
ordinary course of business other than foreclosure property), such income will
be subject to a 100% tax. Fifth, if the REIT should fail to satisfy the 75%
gross income test or the 95% gross income test (as discussed below), and has
nonetheless maintained its qualification as a real estate investment trust
because certain other requirements have been met, it will be subject to a 100%
tax on an amount equal to (a) the gross income attributable to the greater of
the amount by which the REIT fails the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross
income test, multiplied by (b) a fraction intended to reflect the REIT's
profitability. Sixth, if the REIT should fail to distribute during each calendar
year at least the sum of (i) 85% of its real estate investment trust ordinary
income for such year, (ii) 95% of its real estate investment trust capital gain
net income for such year, and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior
periods, the REIT would be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of such
required distribution over the amounts actually distributed. Seventh, if the
REIT acquires any asset from a C corporation (i.e., generally a corporation
subject to full corporate-level tax) in a transaction in which the basis of the
asset in the REIT's hands is determined by reference to the basis of the asset
(or any other property) in the hands of the C corporation, and the REIT
recognizes gain on the disposition of such asset during the 10 year period
beginning on the date on which such asset was acquired by the REIT, then, to the
extent of any built-in gain at the time of acquisition, such gain will be
subject to tax at the highest regular corporate rate, assuming the REIT will
make an election pursuant to IRS Notice 88-19.
Requirements for Qualification
The Code defines a real estate investment trust as a corporation, trust or
association (1) which is managed by one or more trustees or directors; (2) the
beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or by
transferable certificates of beneficial interest; (3) which would be taxable as
a domestic corporation, but for Sections 856 through 860 of the Code; (4) which
is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to certain
provisions of the Code; (5) the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or
more persons; (6) not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of which
is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in
the Code) at any time during the last half of each taxable year; and (7) which
meets certain other tests, described below, regarding the nature of income and
assets. The Code provides that conditions (1) to (4), inclusive, must be met
during the entire taxable year and that condition (5) must be met during at
least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of
a taxable year of less than 12 months. Conditions (5) and (6) will not apply
until after the first taxable year for which an election is made by the Company
to be taxed as a REIT.
In order to assist the Company in complying with the ownership tests
described above, the Company has placed certain restrictions on the transfer of
the Common Stock and the Preferred Stock to prevent further concentration of
stock ownership. Moreover, to evidence compliance with these requirements, the
Company must maintain records which disclose the actual ownership of its
outstanding Common Stock and Preferred Stock. In fulfilling its obligations to
maintain records, the Company must and will demand written statements each year
from the record holders of designated percentages of its Common Stock and
Preferred Stock disclosing the actual owners of such Common Stock and Preferred
Stock. A list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with such demand
must be maintained as part of the Company's records. A stockholder failing or
refusing to comply with the Company's written demand must submit with his or her
tax returns a similar statement disclosing the actual ownership of Common Stock
and Preferred Stock and certain other information. In addition, the Company's
Charter provides restrictions regarding the transfer of its shares that are
intended to assist the Company in continuing to satisfy the share ownership
requirements. See "Description of Common Stock -- Restrictions on Ownership and
Transfer of Common Stock" and "Description of Preferred Stock."
In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership, Treasury
Regulations provide that the REIT will be deemed to own its proportionate share
of the assets of the partnership and will be deemed to be entitled to the income
of the partnership attributable to such share. In addition, the character of the
assets and gross income of the partnership shall retain the same character in
the hands of the REIT for purposes of Section
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856 of the Code, including satisfying the gross income tests and the asset
tests, described below. Thus, the Company's proportionate share of the assets,
liabilities and items of income of the Operating Partnership will be treated as
assets, liabilities and items of income of the Company for purposes of applying
the requirements described below.
Asset Tests
At the close of each quarter of the Company's taxable year, the Company
must satisfy two tests relating to the nature of its assets. First, at least 75%
of the value of the Company's total assets must be represented by interests in
real property, interests in mortgages on real property, shares in other REITs,
cash, cash items and government securities (as well as certain temporary
investments in stock or debt instruments purchased with the proceeds of new
capital raised by the Company). Second, although the remaining 25% of the
Company's assets generally may be invested without restriction, securities in
this class may not exceed either (i) 5% of the value of the Company's total
assets as to any one non-government issuer or (ii) 10% of the outstanding voting
securities of any one issuer. The Company's investment in real property through
its interest in the Operating Partnership constitutes qualified assets for
purposes of the 75% asset test. In addition, the Company may own 100% of
"qualified REIT subsidiaries" as defined in the Code. All assets, liabilities,
and items of income, deduction, and credit of such a qualified REIT subsidiary
will be treated as owned and realized directly by the Company.
The Company has analyzed the impact of its ownership interests in the
Associated Companies on its ability to satisfy the asset tests. Based upon its
analysis of the estimated value of the Company's total assets as well as its
estimate of the value of the respective nonvoting preferred stock interests in
the Associated Companies, the Company believes that none of such preferred stock
interests will exceed 5% of the value of the Company's total assets on the last
day of any calendar quarter in 1996. The Company intends to monitor compliance
with the 5% test on a quarterly basis and believes that it will be able to
manage its operations in a manner to comply with the tests, either by managing
the amount of its qualifying assets or reducing its interests in the Associated
Companies, although there can be no assurance that such steps will be
successful. In rendering its opinion as to the qualification of the Company as a
REIT, counsel has relied upon the Company's representation as to the value of
its assets and the value of its interests in the Associated Companies. Counsel
has discussed with the Company its valuation analysis and the future actions
available to it to comply with the 5% tests but it has not independently
verified the valuations.
Gross Income Tests
There are three separate percentage tests relating to the sources of the
Company's gross income which must be satisfied for each taxable year. For
purposes of these tests, where the Company invests in a partnership, the Company
will be treated as receiving its share of the income and loss of the
partnership, and the gross income of the partnership will retain the same
character in the hands of the Company as it has in the hands of the partnership.
See " -- Tax Aspects of the Company's Investment in the Operating
Partnerships -- General."
The 75% Test. At least 75% of the Company's gross income for the taxable
year must be "qualifying income." Qualifying income generally includes (i) rents
from real property (except as modified below); (ii) interest on obligations
collateralized by mortgages on, or interests in, real property; (iii) gains from
the sale or other disposition of interests in real property and real estate
mortgages, other than gain from property held primarily for sale to customers in
the ordinary course of the Company's trade or business ("dealer property"); (iv)
dividends or other distributions on shares in other REITs, as well as gain from
the sale of such shares; (v) abatements and refunds of real property taxes; (vi)
income from the operation, and gain from the sale, of property acquired at or in
lieu of a foreclosure of the mortgage collateralized by such property
("foreclosure property"); and (vii) commitment fees received for agreeing to
make loans collateralized by mortgages on real property or to purchase or lease
real property.
Rents received from a tenant will not, however, qualify as rents from real
property in satisfying the 75% test (or the 95% gross income test described
below) if the Company, or an owner of 10% or more of the
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Company, directly or constructively owns 10% or more of such tenant (a "related
party tenant"). In addition, if rent attributable to personal property, leased
in connection with a lease of real property, is greater than 15% of the total
rent received under the lease, then the portion of rent attributable to such
personal property will not qualify as rents from real property. Moreover, an
amount received or accrued generally will not qualify as rents from real
property (or as interest income) for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income
tests if it is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person.
Rent or interest will not be disqualified, however, solely by reason of being
based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales. Finally, for
rents received to qualify as rents from real property, the Company must
generally not operate or manage the property or furnish or render services to
tenants, other than through an "independent contractor" from whom the Company
derives no revenue. The "independent contractor" requirement, however, does not
apply to the extent that the services provided by the Company are "usually or
customarily rendered" in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only,
and are not otherwise considered "rendered to the occupant."
The Company will provide certain services with respect to properties owned
by the Operating Partnership. The Company believes that the services provided by
the Operating Partnership are usually or customarily rendered in connection with
the rental of space of occupancy only, and therefore that the provision of such
services will not cause the rents received with respect to its properties to
fail to qualify as rents from real property for purposes of the 75% and 95%
gross income tests. The Company does not intend to rent to related party tenants
or to charge rents that would not qualify as rents from real property because
the rents are based on the income or profits of any person (other than rents
that are based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales).
Pursuant to the percentage leases ("Percentage Leases"), GHG leases from
the Operating Partnership the land, buildings, improvements, furnishings, and
equipment comprising the Hotels for a five-year period with a five-year renewal
option. The Percentage Leases provide that the lessee will be obligated to pay
to the Operating Partnership (a) the greater of a fixed rent (the "Base Rent")
or a percentage rent (the "Percentage Rent") (collectively, the "Rents") and (b)
certain other amounts, including interest accrued on any late payments or
charges (the "Additional Charges"). The Percentage Rent is calculated by
multiplying fixed percentages by the gross revenues from the operations of the
Hotels in excess of certain levels. The Base Rent accrues and is required to be
paid monthly. Percentage Rent is due quarterly; however, the lessee will not be
in default for non-payment of Percentage Rent due in any calendar year if the
lessee pays, within 90 days of the end of the calendar year, the excess of
Percentage Rent due and unpaid over the Base Rent with respect to such year.
In order for the Base Rent, the Percentage Rent, and the Additional Charges
to constitute "rents from real property," the Percentage Leases must be
respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes and not treated as
service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. The
determination of whether the Percentage Leases are true leases depends on an
analysis of all the surrounding facts and circumstances. In making such a
determination, courts have considered a variety of factors, including the
following: (a) the intent of the parties, (b) the form of the agreement, (c) the
degree of control over the property that is retained by the property owner
(e.g., whether the lessee has substantial control over the operation of the
property or whether the lessee was required simply to use its best efforts to
perform its obligations under the agreement), and (d) the extent to which the
property owner retains the risk of loss of the property (e.g., whether the
lessee bears the risk of increases in operating expenses or the risk of damage
to the property).
In addition, Section 7701(e) of the Code provides that a contract that
purports to be a service contract (or a partnership agreement) is treated
instead as a lease of property if the contract is properly treated as such,
taking into account all relevant factors, including whether or not: (a) the
service recipient is in physical possession of the property, (b) the service
recipient controls the property, (c) the service recipient has a significant
economic or possessory interest in the property (e.g., the property's use is
likely to be dedicated to the service recipient for a substantial portion of the
useful life of the property, the recipient shares the risk that the property
will decline in value, the recipient shares in any appreciation in the value of
the property, the recipient shares in savings in the property's operating costs,
or the recipient bears the risk of damage to or loss of the property), (d) the
service provider does not bear any risk of substantially diminished receipts or
substantially increased expenditures if there is nonperformance under the
contract, (e) the service provider
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does not use the property concurrently to provide significant services to
entities unrelated to the service recipient, and (f) the total contract price
does not substantially exceed the rental value of the property for the contract
period. Since the determination of whether a service contract should be treated
as a lease is inherently factual, the presence or absence of any single factor
may not be dispositive in every case.
Counsel is of the opinion that the Percentage Leases will be treated as
true leases for federal income tax purposes. Such opinion is based, in part, on
the following facts: (a) the Operating Partnership and the lessee intend for
their relationship to be that of a lessor and lessee and such relationship will
be documented by lease agreements, (b) the lessee has the right to exclusive
possession and use and quiet enjoyment of the Hotels during the term of the
Percentage Leases, (c) the lessee bears the cost of, and be responsible for,
day-to-day maintenance and repair of the Hotels, other than the cost of
maintaining underground utilities, structural elements and exterior painting,
and will dictate how the Hotels are operated, maintained, and improved, (d) the
lessee bears all of the costs and expenses of operating the Hotels (including
inventory costs) during the term of the Percentage Leases (other than real
property taxes, personal property taxes on property owned by the Operating
Partnership, casualty insurance and the cost of replacement or refurbishment of
furniture, fixtures and equipment, to the extent such costs do not exceed the
allowance for such costs provided by the Operating Partnership under the
Percentage Leases), (e) the lessee will benefit from any savings in the costs of
operating the Hotels during the term of the Percentage Leases, (f) in the event
of damage or destruction to a Hotel which renders the Hotel unsuitable for
continued use, the lessee will be at economic risk because the Operating
Partnership can elect to terminate the Percentage Lease as to such Hotel, in
which event the lessee can elect to rebuild at its cost less any insurance
proceeds, or accept such termination, (g) the lessee will indemnify the
Partnership against all liabilities imposed on the Partnership during the term
of the Percentage Leases by reason of (i) injury to persons or damage to
property occurring at the Hotels or (ii) the lessee's use, management,
maintenance or repair of the Hotels, (h) the lessee is obligated to pay
substantial fixed rent for the period of use of the Hotels, and (i) the lessee
stands to incur substantial losses (or reap substantial gains) depending on how
successfully it operates the Hotels. The Company has represented that the lessee
has and will have its own employees, physically distinct and separate office
space, furniture and equipment, and directors. Further, the Company has
represented that neither the Company nor the Operating Partnership will furnish
or render services to either the lessee or its customers.
Investors should be aware that there are no controlling Treasury
Regulations, published rulings, or judicial decisions involving leases with
terms substantially the same as the Percentage Leases that discuss whether such
leases constitute true leases for federal income tax purposes. Therefore, the
opinion of counsel with respect to the relationship between the Operating
Partnership and the lessee is based upon all of the facts and circumstances, and
rulings and judicial decisions involving situations that are considered to be
analogous. Opinions of counsel are not binding upon the Service or any court,
and there can be no assurance that the Service will not assert successfully a
contrary position. If the Percentage Leases are recharacterized as service
contracts or partnership agreements, rather than true leases, part or all of the
payments that the Partnership receives from the lessee may not be considered
rent or may not otherwise satisfy the various requirements for qualification as
"rents from real property." In that case, the Company likely would not be able
to satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income tests and, as a result, could lose
its REIT status.
In order for the Rents to constitute "rents from real property," several
other requirements also must be satisfied. One requirement is that the Rents
attributable to personal property leased in connection with the lease of the
real property comprising a Hotel must not be greater than 15% of the Rents
received under the Percentage Lease. The Rents attributable to the personal
property in a Hotel is the amount that bears the same ratio to total rent for
the taxable year as the average of the adjusted bases of the personal property
in the Hotel at the beginning and at the end of the taxable year bears to the
average of the aggregate adjusted bases of both the real and personal property
comprising the Hotel at the beginning and at the end of such taxable year (the
"Adjusted Basis Ratio"). Management has obtained an appraisal of the personal
property at each Hotel indicating that the appraised value of the personal
property at each Hotel is less than 15% of the value at which such Hotel is
acquired. However, the Company has represented that the Operating Partnership
will in no event acquire additional personal property for a Hotel to the extent
that such acquisition would cause the Adjusted Basis Ratio for that Hotel to
exceed 15%. There can be no assurance, however, that the Service
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would not assert that the personal property acquired from a particular
partnership had a value in excess of the appraised value, or that a court would
not uphold such assertion. If such a challenge were successfully asserted, the
Company could fail the 15% Adjusted Basis Ratio as to one or more of the
Percentage Leases, which in turn potentially could cause it to fail to satisfy
the 95% or 75% gross income test and thus could lose its REIT status.
Another requirement for qualification of the Rents as "rents from real
property" is that the Percentage Rent must not be based in whole or in part on
the income or profits of any person. The Percentage Rent, however, will qualify
as "rents from real property" if it is based on percentages of receipts or sales
and the percentages (a) are fixed at the time the Percentage Leases are entered
into, (b) are not renegotiated during the term of the Percentage Leases in a
manner that has the effect of basing Percentage Rent on income or profits, and
(c) conform with normal business practice. More generally, the Percentage Rent
will not qualify as "rents from real property" if, considering the Percentage
Leases and all the surrounding circumstances, the arrangement does not conform
with normal business practice, but is in reality used as a means of basing the
Percentage Rent on income or profits. Since the Percentage Rent is based on
fixed percentages of the gross revenues from the Hotels that are established in
the Percentage Leases, and the Company has represented that the percentages (i)
will not be renegotiated during the terms of the Percentage Leases in a manner
that has the effect of basing the Percentage Rent on income or profit and (ii)
conform with normal business practice, the Percentage Rent should not be
considered based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person.
Furthermore, the Company has represented that, with respect to other hotel
properties that it acquires in the future, it will not charge rent for any
property that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any
person (except by reason of being based on a fixed percentage of gross revenue,
as described above).
A further requirement for qualification of Rents as "rents from real
property" limits the relationship between the Company and its tenants. In the
case of a corporate tenant, the Company must not own 10% or more of the total
combined voting power of the tenant's stock and must not own 10% or more of the
total number of shares of all classes of the tenant's outstanding stock. In the
case of a tenant that is not a corporation, the Company must not own 10% or more
in interest of the tenant's assets or net profits. The Company intends to limit
its ownership interest in GHG to nonvoting preferred stock which will constitute
less than 10% of the total number of outstanding shares of GHG stock. The common
stock of GHG, which is the only voting stock of GHG, is and will continue to be
owned by persons who are not related to the Company within the definition in the
applicable statute. The common stockholders have a significant economic interest
in GHG and will elect the board of directors of GHG. Based upon the foregoing,
counsel is of the opinion that rental payments from GHG will not constitute
rentals from a party related to the Company.
The Company will receive nonqualifying management fee income. As a result,
the Company may approach the income test limits and could be at risk of not
satisfying such tests and thus not qualifying as a REIT. Counsel's opinion is
based on the Company's representation that the actual amount of nonqualifying
income will not exceed such limits.
The 95% Test. In addition to deriving 75% of its gross income from the
sources listed above, at least 95% of the Company's gross income for the taxable
year must be derived from the above-described qualifying income, or from
dividends, interest or gains from the sale or disposition of stock or other
securities that are not dealer property. Dividends and interest on any
obligation not collateralized by an interest on real property are included for
purposes of the 95% test, but not for purposes of the 75% test. For purposes of
determining whether the Company complies with the 75% and 95% income tests,
gross income does not include income from prohibited transactions. A "prohibited
transaction" is a sale of dealer property, excluding certain property held by
the Company for at least four years and foreclosure property. See "-- Taxation
of the Company" and "-- Tax Aspects of the Company's Investment in the Operating
Partnership -- Sale of Properties."
The Company believes that it and the Operating Partnership has held and
managed its properties in a manner that has given rise to rental income
qualifying under the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Gains on sales of
properties will generally qualify under the 75% and 95% gross income tests.
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Even if the Company fails to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross
income tests for any taxable year, it may still qualify as a REIT for such year
if it is entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Code. These relief
provisions will generally be available if: (i) the Company's failure to comply
was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect; (ii) the Company reports
the nature and amount of each item of its income included in the 75% and 95%
gross income tests on a schedule attached to its tax return; and (iii) any
incorrect information on this schedule is not due to fraud with intent to evade
tax. It is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances the
Company would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. If these
relief provisions apply, the Company will, however, still be subject to a
special tax upon the greater of the amount by which it fails either the 75% or
95% gross income test for that year.
The 30% Test. The Company must derive less than 30% of its gross income for
each taxable year from the sale or other disposition of (i) real property held
for less than four years (other than foreclosure property and involuntary
conversions), (ii) stock or securities held for less than one year, and (iii)
property in a prohibited transaction. In this regard, certain of the Company's
assets are subject to existing purchase options. See "Business and
Properties -- Industrial Properties." Although the Company believes, based on
the historical experience of certain predecessor partnerships, that it will
satisfy this 30% test, if, contrary to expectations, large numbers of such
options are exercised, more than 30% of the Company's gross income in a taxable
year could be derived from a proscribed source. The Company will, however, use
its best efforts to ensure that it will continue to satisfy each of the
foregoing income requirements.
ANNUAL DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS
The Company, in order to qualify as a REIT, is required to make
distributions (other than capital gain distributions) to its stockholders each
year in an amount at least equal to (A) the sum of (i) 95% of the Company's
REITTI (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and the REIT's
net capital gain) and (ii) 95% of the net income (after tax), if any, from
foreclosure property, minus (B) the sum of certain items of non-cash income.
Such distributions must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in
the following taxable year if declared before the Company timely files its tax
return for such year and if paid on or before the first regular distribution
payment after such declaration. To the extent that the Company does not
distribute all of its net capital gain or distributes at least 95%, but less
than 100%, of its REITTI, as adjusted, it will be subject to tax on the
undistributed amount at regular capital gains or ordinary corporate tax rates,
as the case may be. Furthermore, if the REIT should fail to distribute during
each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 85% of its REIT ordinary income for
such year, (ii) 95% of its REIT capital gain income for such year, and (iii) any
undistributed taxable income from prior periods, the REIT would be subject to a
4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts
actually distributed.
The Company believes that it has made and will make timely distributions
sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements. In this regard, the
partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership authorizes the Company, as
general partner, to take such steps as may be necessary to cause the Operating
Partnership to distribute to its partners an amount sufficient to permit the
Company to meet these distribution requirements. It is possible that in the
future the Company may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet
the 95% distribution requirement, due to timing differences between the actual
receipt of income and actual payment of expenses on the one hand, and the
inclusion of such income and deduction of such expenses in computing the
Company's REITTI on the other hand. Further, as described below, it is possible
that, from time to time, the Company may be allocated a share of net capital
gain attributable to the sale of depreciated property that exceeds its allocable
share of cash attributable to that sale. To avoid any problem with the 95%
distribution requirement, the Company will closely monitor the relationship
between its REITTI and cash flow and, if necessary, will borrow funds (or cause
the Operating Partnership or other affiliates to borrow funds) in order to
satisfy the distribution requirement. The Company (through the Operating
Partnership) may be required to borrow funds at times when market conditions are
not favorable.
If the Company fails to meet the 95% distribution requirement as a result
of an adjustment to the Company's tax return by the Service, the Company may
retroactively cure the failure by paying a "deficiency dividend" (plus
applicable penalties and interest) within a specified period.
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FAILURE TO QUALIFY
If the Company fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year
and the relief provisions do not apply, the Company will be subject to tax
(including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at
regular corporate rates. Distributions to stockholders in any year in which the
Company fails to qualify will not be deductible by the Company, nor will they be
required to be made. In such event, to the extent of the Company's current and
accumulated earnings and profits, all distributions to stockholders will be
taxable as ordinary income, and, subject to certain limitations in the Code,
corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction.
Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, the Company also
will be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years
following the year during which qualification was lost. It is not possible to
state whether the Company would be entitled to such statutory relief.
TAX ASPECTS OF THE COMPANY'S INVESTMENT IN THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP
The following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax consequences
applicable solely to the Company's investment in the Operating Partnership.
General
The Company holds a direct ownership interest in the Operating Partnership.
In general, partnerships are "passthrough" entities which are not subject to
federal income tax. Rather, partners are allocated their proportionate shares of
the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of a partnership, and are
potentially subject to tax thereon, without regard to whether the partners
receive distributions from the partnership. The Company includes its
proportionate share of the foregoing Operating Partnership items for purposes of
the various REIT income tests and in the computation of its REITTI. See
"-- Requirements for Qualification" and "-- Gross Income Tests." Any resultant
increase in the Company's REITTI increases its distribution requirements (see
"-- Requirements for Qualification" and "-- Annual Distribution Requirements"),
but is not subject to federal income tax in the hands of the Company provided
that such income is distributed by the Company to its stockholders. Moreover,
for purposes of the REIT asset tests (see "-- Requirements for Qualification"
and "-- Asset Tests"), the Company includes its proportionate share of assets
held by the Operating Partnership.
Entity Classification
The Company's interest in the Operating Partnership (and the Property
Partnerships) involves special tax considerations, including the possibility of
a challenge by the Internal Revenue Service (the "Service") of the status of the
Operating Partnership as a partnership (as opposed to an association taxable as
a corporation) for federal income tax purposes. If the Operating Partnership (or
any Property Partnership) were to be treated as an association, it would be
taxable as a corporation. In such a situation, the Operating Partnership (or
such Property Partnership) would be required to pay income tax at corporate
rates on its net income, and distributions to its partners would constitute
dividends that would not be deductible in computing net income. In addition, the
character of the Company's assets and items of gross income would change, which
would preclude the Company from satisfying the asset test and possibly the
income tests (see "-- Taxation of the Company Requirements for Qualification"
and "-- Taxation of the Company Asset Tests" and "-- Taxation of the Company
Gross Income Tests"), and in turn would prevent the Company from qualifying as a
REIT. See "-- Taxation of the Company Requirements for Qualification" and
"-- Failure to Qualify" above for a discussion of the effect of the Company's
failure to meet such tests for a taxable year.
Tax Allocations with Respect to Certain Properties
Pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Code, income, gain, loss and deduction
attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a
partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership, must be allocated in
a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from,
respectively, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated with the
property at the time of the contribution. The amount of
26
<PAGE> 27
such unrealized gain or unrealized loss is generally equal to the difference
between the fair market value of contributed property at the time of
contribution and the adjusted tax basis of such property at the time of
contribution (a "Book-Tax Difference"). Such allocations are solely for federal
income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other
economic or legal arrangements among the partners. The Operating Partnership was
formed by way of contributions of appreciated property. Consequently, the
partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership requires such allocations to
be made in a manner consistent with Section 704(c) of the Code.
In general, the limited partners of the Operating Partnership will be
allocated lower amounts of depreciation deductions for tax purposes and
increased taxable income and gain on sale by the Operating Partnership of the
contributed assets. This will tend to eliminate the Book-Tax Difference over the
life of the Operating Partnership. However, the special allocation rules under
Section 704(c) do not always entirely rectify the Book-Tax Difference on an
annual basis or with respect to a specific taxable transaction such as a sale.
Thus, the carryover basis of the contributed assets in the hands of the
Operating Partnership may cause the Company to be allocated lower depreciation
and other deductions, and possibly greater amounts of taxable income in the
event of a sale of such contributed assets in excess of the economic or book
income allocated to it as a result of such sale. This may cause the Company to
recognize taxable income in excess of cash proceeds, which might adversely
affect the Company's ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements.
See "-- Requirements for Qualification -- Annual Distribution Requirements." In
addition, the application of Section 704(c) to the Operating Partnership is not
entirely clear and may be affected by authority that may be promulgated in the
future.
Basis in Operating Partnership Interest
The Company's adjusted tax basis in its partnership interest in the
Operating Partnership generally (i) is equal to the amount of cash and the basis
of any other property contributed to the Operating Partnership by the Company,
(ii) is increased by (a) its allocable share of the Operating Partnership's
income and (b) increases in its allocable share of indebtedness of the Operating
Partnership and (iii) is reduced, but not below zero, by the Company's allocable
share of (a) the Operating Partnership's loss and (b) the amount of cash
distributed to the Company, and by constructive distributions resulting from a
reduction in the Company's share of indebtedness of the Operating Partnership.
If the allocation of the Company's distributive share of the Operating
Partnership's loss would reduce the adjusted tax basis of the Company's
partnership interest in the Operating Partnership below zero, the recognition of
such loss will be deferred until such time as the recognition of such loss would
not reduce the Company's adjusted tax basis below zero. To the extent that the
Operating Partnership's distributions, or any decrease in the Company's share of
the nonrecourse indebtedness of the Operating Partnership (each such decrease
being considered a constructive cash distribution to the partners), would reduce
the Company's adjusted tax basis below zero, such distributions (including such
constructive distributions) constitute taxable income to the Company. Such
distributions and constructive distributions will normally be characterized as a
capital gain, and if the Company's partnership interest in the Operating
Partnership has been held for longer than the long-term capital gain holding
period (currently one year), the distributions and constructive distributions
will constitute long-term capital gains.
Sale of Properties
Generally, any gain realized by the Operating Partnership on the sale of
property held by the Operating Partnership for more than one year will be
long-term capital gain, except for any portion of gain attributable to
depreciation or cost recovery recapture on personal property. The Company's
share of any gain realized by the Operating Partnership on the sale of any
dealer property generally will be treated as income from a prohibited
transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. See "Taxation of the Company"
and "-- Requirements for Qualification -- Gross Income Tests -- The 95% Test."
Under existing law, whether property is dealer property is a question of fact
that depends on all the facts and circumstances with respect to the particular
transaction. The Operating Partnership intends to hold its properties for
investment with a view to long-term appreciation, to engage in the business of
acquiring, developing, owning and operating its properties, and to
27
<PAGE> 28
make such occasional sales of properties as are consistent with the Company's
investment objectives. Based upon such investment objectives, the Company
believes that in general its properties should not be considered dealer property
and that the amount of income from prohibited transactions, if any, will not be
material.
TAXATION OF STOCKHOLDERS
Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders
As long as the Company qualifies as a REIT, distributions made to the
Company's taxable domestic stockholders out of current or accumulated earnings
and profits (and not designated as capital gain dividends) will be taken into
account by them as ordinary income. Stockholders that are corporations will not
be entitled to a dividends received deduction. Distributions that are designated
as capital gain dividends will be taxed as long-term capital gains (to the
extent they do not exceed the Company's actual net capital gain for the taxable
year) without regard to the period for which the stockholder has held its stock.
However, corporate stockholders may be required to treat up to 20% of certain
capital gain dividends as ordinary income. To the extent that the Company makes
distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, these
distributions are treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the
stockholder, reducing the tax basis of a stockholder's Common Stock by the
amount of such distribution (but not below zero), with distributions in excess
of the stockholder's tax basis taxable as capital gains (if the Common Stock is
held as a capital asset). In addition, any dividend declared by the Company in
October, November or December of any year and payable to a stockholder of record
on a specific date in any such month shall be treated as both paid by the
Company and received by the stockholder on December 31 of such year, provided
that the dividend is actually paid by the Company during January of the
following calendar year. Stockholders may not include in their individual income
tax returns any net operating losses or capital losses of the Company.
In general, any loss upon a sale or exchange of Common Stock by a
stockholder who has held such stock for six months or less (after applying
certain holding period rules) will be treated as a long-term capital loss, to
the extent of distributions from the Company required to be treated by such
stockholder as long-term capital gains.
Backup Withholding
The Company will report to its domestic stockholders and to the Service the
amount of dividends paid during each calendar year, and the amount of tax
withheld, if any, with respect thereto. Under the backup withholding rules, a
stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at the rate of 31% with respect
to dividends paid unless such stockholder (a) is a corporation or comes within
certain other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact, or
(b) provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of
exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with applicable
requirements of the backup withholding rules. A stockholder that does not
provide the Company with its correct taxpayer identification number may also be
subject to penalties imposed by the Service. Any amount paid as backup
withholding will be creditable against the stockholder's income tax liability.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
The IRS has issued a revenue ruling in which it held that amounts
distributed by a REIT to a tax-exempt employees' pension trust do not constitute
unrelated business taxable income ("UBTI"). Revenue rulings, however, are
interpretive in nature and are subject to revocation or modification by the
Service. Based upon the ruling and the analysis therein, distributions by the
Company to a stockholder that is a tax-exempt entity should also not constitute
UBTI, provided that the tax exempt entity has not financed the acquisition of
its shares of Common Stock with "acquisition indebtedness" within the meaning of
the Code, and that the shares of Common Stock are not otherwise used in an
unrelated trade or business of the tax-exempt entity. In addition, REITs can
treat the beneficiaries of qualified pension trusts as the beneficial owners of
REIT shares owned by such pension trusts for purposes of determining if more
than 50% of the REIT's shares are owned by five or fewer individuals. However,
if a REIT relies on this new rule to meet the requirements of the five or fewer
rule, then pension trusts owning more than 10% of the REIT's shares can be
subject to UBTI on all or a
28
<PAGE> 29
portion of REIT dividends made to it. Owing to the Ownership Limit Provision,
the Company expects to satisfy the five or fewer rule even if each pension trust
stockholder is treated as one individual for purposes of this test.
Consequently, a pension trust stockholder should not, as a result of the
"pension-held REIT" rules, be subject to UBTI on dividends that it receives from
the Company.
Taxation of Foreign Stockholders
The rules governing United States federal income taxation of nonresident
alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign partnerships and other foreign
stockholders are complex and no attempt is made herein to provide more than a
summary of such rules. Prospective foreign investors ("Non-U.S. Stockholders")
should consult with their own tax advisors to determine the impact of federal,
state, local and any foreign income tax laws with regard to an investment in the
Company, including any reporting requirements.
Distributions that are not attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by
the Company or the Operating Partnership of United States real property
interests and not designated by the Company as capital gain dividends will be
treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent made out of current or
accumulated earnings and profits of the Company. Such distributions will
ordinarily be subject to a withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of
the distribution unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates that tax.
However, if income from the investment in the shares is treated as effectively
connected with the Non-U.S. Stockholder's conduct of a United States trade or
business, the Non-U.S. Stockholder will generally be subject to a tax at
graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed with respect
to such distributions (and may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in
the case of a stockholder that is a foreign corporation). The Company expects to
withhold tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any distributions of
ordinary income made to a Non-U.S. Stockholder unless (i) a lower treaty rate
applies and proper certification is provided or (ii) the Non-U.S. Stockholder
files an IRS Form 4224 with the Company claiming that the distribution is
effectively connected income. Unless the Company's stock constitutes a USRPI (as
defined below) distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and
profits of the Company will not be taxable to a stockholder to the extent that
such distributions do not exceed the adjusted basis of the stockholder's shares
but rather will reduce the adjusted basis of such shares. To the extent that
distributions in excess of current accumulated earnings and profits exceed the
adjusted basis of a Non-U.S. Stockholder's shares, such distributions will give
rise to tax liability if the Non-U.S. Stockholder would otherwise be subject to
tax on any gain from the sale or disposition of his shares in the Company, as
described below. If it cannot be determined at the time a distribution is made
whether or not such distribution will be in excess of current and accumulated
earnings and profit, the distributions will be subject to withholding at the
same rate as dividends. However, amounts thus withheld are refundable if it is
subsequently determined that such distribution was, in fact, in excess of
current and accumulated earnings and profits of the Company. If the Company's
stock constitutes a USRPI, then such distribution will be subject to a 10%
withholding tax and may be subject to additional taxation under FIRPTA (as
defined below).
For any year in which the Company qualifies as a real estate investment
trust, distributions that are attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by
the Company of United States Real Property Interests ("USRPIs") will be taxed to
a Non-U.S. Stockholder under the Provisions of the Foreign Investment in Real
Property Tax Act of 1980 ("FIRPTA"). Under FIRPTA, distributions attributable to
gain from sales of USRPIs ("USRPI Capital Gains") are taxed to a Non-U.S.
Stockholder as if such gain were effectively connected with a United States
business. Non-U.S. Stockholders would thus be taxed at the normal capital gain
rates applicable to U.S. stockholders (subject to applicable alternative minimum
tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien
individuals). Also, distributions subject to FIRPTA may be subject to a 30%
branch profits tax in the hands of a foreign corporate stockholder not entitled
to treaty exemption. The Company is required by applicable Treasury Regulations
to withhold 35% of any distribution to the extent such distribution is
attributable to USRPI Capital Gains. This amount is creditable against the
Non-U.S. Stockholder's FIRPTA tax liability.
Gain recognized by a Non-U.S. Stockholder upon a sale of shares generally
will not be taxed under FIRPTA if the Company is a "domestically controlled
REIT," defined generally as a real estate investment trust in which at all times
during a specified testing period less than 50% in value of the stock was held
directly
29
<PAGE> 30
or indirectly by foreign persons. It is currently anticipated that the Company
will be a "domestically controlled REIT," and therefore the sale of shares will
not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. Because the Company's Common Stock is
publicly traded, no assurance can be given that the Company will continue to be
a domestically controlled REIT. However, a Non-U.S. Stockholder's sale of
Company's stock will still not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA as a sale of
USRPI if (i) the stock is "regularly traded on an established securities market"
(as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations) and (ii) such Non-U.S.
Stockholder held less than 5% of the Company's outstanding stock during a
specified testing period provided in the Code.
Gain not subject to FIRPTA will be taxable to a Non-U.S. Stockholder if (i)
investment in the shares is effectively connected with a United States trade or
business of the Non-U.S. Stockholder, in which case the Non-U.S. Stockholder
will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to such
gain, or (ii) the Non-U.S. Stockholder is a nonresident alien individual who was
present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and
has a "tax home" in the United States, in which case the nonresident alien
individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual's capital gains. If
the gain on the sale of shares were to be subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the
Non-U.S. Stockholder would be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders
with respect to such gain (subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a
special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals).
If the proceeds of a disposition of Shares are paid by or through a United
States office of a broker, the payment is subject to information reporting and
backup withholding unless the disposing Non-U.S. Stockholder certifies as to his
name, address and non-United States status or otherwise establishes an
exemption. Generally, United States information reporting and backup withholding
will not apply to a payment of disposition proceeds if the payment is made
outside the United States through a non-United States office of a non-United
States broker. United States information reporting requirements (but not backup
withholding) will apply, however, to a payment of disposition proceeds outside
the United States if (i) the payment is made through an office outside the
United States of a broker that is either (a) a United States person, (b) a
foreign person that derives 50% or more of its gross income for certain periods
from the conduct of a trade or business in the United States or (c) a
"controlled foreign corporation" for United States federal income tax purposes,
and (ii) the broker fails to obtain documentary evidence that the stockholder is
a Non-U.S. Stockholder and that certain conditions are met or that the Non-U.S.
Stockholder otherwise is entitled to an exemption.
STATE TAX CONSEQUENCES AND WITHHOLDING
The Company and its stockholders may be subject to state or local taxation
in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which it or they
transact business or reside. The state and local tax treatment of the Company
and its stockholders may not conform to the federal income tax consequences
discussed above. Several states in which the Company may conduct business treat
REITs as ordinary corporations. The Company does not believe, however, that
stockholders will be required to file state tax returns, other than in their
respective states of residence, as a result of the ownership of Shares. However,
prospective stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the
effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in the Company.
EACH INVESTOR IS ADVISED TO CONSULT WITH HIS OR HER TAX ADVISOR REGARDING
THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO HIM OR HER OF THE OWNERSHIP AND SALE OF THE
OFFERED SECURITIES IN AN ENTITY ELECTING TO BE TAXED AS A REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT
TRUST, INCLUDING THE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN, AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES
OF SUCH PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP, SALE, AND ELECTION AND OF POTENTIAL CHANGES IN
APPLICABLE TAX LAWS.
30
<PAGE> 31
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Company may sell the Offered Securities to one or more underwriters for
public offering and sale by them or may sell the Offered Securities to investors
directly or through agents, which agents may be affiliated with the Company. Any
such underwriter or agent involved in the offer and sale of the Offered
Securities will be named in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Direct sales
to investors may be accomplished through subscription offerings or concurrent
rights offerings to the Company's stockholders and direct placements to third
parties.
Sales of Offered Securities offered pursuant to any applicable Prospectus
Supplement may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions on the
New York Stock Exchange or in negotiated transactions or any combination of such
methods of sale, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices
related to such prevailing market prices or at other negotiated prices.
Underwriters may offer and sell Offered Securities at a fixed price or
prices which may be changed, at prices related to the prevailing market prices
at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices. The Company also may offer and
sell the Offered Securities in exchange for one or more of its then outstanding
issues of debt or convertible debt securities. The Company also may, from time
to time, authorize underwriters acting as the Company's agents to offer and sell
the Offered Securities upon the terms and conditions as set forth in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement. In connection with the sale of Offered
Securities, underwriters may be deemed to have received compensation from the
Company in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions and may also
receive commissions from purchasers of Offered Securities for whom they may act
as agent. Underwriters may sell Offered Securities to or through dealers, and
such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or
commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for
whom they may act as agents.
Any underwriting compensation paid by the Company to underwriters or agents
in connection with the offering of Offered Securities, and any discounts,
concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers,
will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Underwriters, dealers
and agents participating in the distribution of the Offered Securities may be
deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts and commissions received by them
and any profit realized by them on resale of the Offered Securities may be
deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.
Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled, under agreements entered into
with the Company, to indemnification against and contribution toward certain
civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Any such
indemnification agreements will be described in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement.
If so indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Company may
authorize dealers acting as the Company's agents to solicit offers by certain
institutions to purchase Offered Securities from the Company at the public
offering price set forth in such Prospectus Supplement pursuant to Delayed
Delivery Contracts ("Contracts") providing for payment and delivery on the date
or dates stated in such Prospectus Supplement. Each Contract will be for an
amount not less than, and the aggregate principal amount of Offered Securities
sold pursuant to Contracts shall be not less nor more than, the respective
amounts stated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Institutions with whom
Contracts, when authorized, may be made include commercial and savings banks,
insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and
charitable institutions, and other institutions but will in all cases be subject
to the approval of the Company. Contracts will not be subject to any conditions
except (i) the purchase by an institution of the Offered Securities covered by
its Contracts shall not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of
any jurisdiction in the United States to which such institution is subject, and
(ii) if the Offered Securities are being sold to underwriters, the Company shall
have sold to such underwriters the total principal amount of the Offered
Securities less the principal amount thereof covered by Contracts.
Certain of the underwriters and their affiliates may be customers of,
engage in transactions with and perform services for, the Company and its
subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business.
31
<PAGE> 32
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements and related financial statement
schedules included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 1995 and incorporated by reference herein and the statements
of revenues and certain expenses for the acquired properties, which reports are
included in the Company's Current Reports on Forms 8-K/A dated August 8 and
December 20, 1996, incorporated by reference herein, have been audited by Arthur
Andersen LLP, independent public accountants, to the extent and for the periods
indicated in their reports and have been incorporated herein in reliance on such
reports given on the authority of that firm as experts in accounting and
auditing.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the Offered Securities will be passed upon for the Company
by Morrison & Foerster LLP, Palo Alto, California. In addition, the description
of the Company's qualifications and taxation as a REIT under the Code contained
in the Prospects under the caption "Federal Income Tax Consequences -- General"
is based upon the opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP.
32
<PAGE> 33
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NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY
REPRESENTATIONS OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR
MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN
AUTHORIZED. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE
SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES OTHER THAN THE SECURITIES TO
WHICH IT RELATES OR AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY SUCH
SECURITIES IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS UNLAWFUL.
NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL, UNDER
ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATE ANY IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE
AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY SINCE THE DATE HEREOF OR THAT THE INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREIN IS CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT TO ITS DATE.
------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Available Information................. 3
Incorporation of Certain Documents by
Reference........................... 3
The Company........................... 5
Tax Status of the Company............. 5
Risk Factors.......................... 6
Use of Proceeds....................... 13
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.... 13
Description of Preferred Stock........ 14
Description of Common Stock........... 15
Description of Warrants............... 17
Certain Provisions of the Company's
Charter and Bylaws.................. 18
Federal Income Tax Consequences....... 19
Plan of Distribution.................. 31
Experts............................... 32
Legal Matters......................... 32
</TABLE>
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
$250,000,000
GLENBOROUGH REALTY TRUST INCORPORATED
PREFERRED STOCK,
COMMON STOCK AND
WARRANTS
--------------------
PROSPECTUS
--------------------
, 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE> 34
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 14. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
The expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, in
connection with the offering of the securities being registered are set forth
below. All of such expenses are estimates, except the Securities Act
Registration fee.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Securities Act Registration fee................................... $ 60,606
Printing fees..................................................... 50,000
Legal fees and expenses........................................... 150,000
Accounting fees and expenses...................................... 5,000
Blue sky fees and expenses........................................ 15,000
NASD filing fee................................................... $ 25,500
Miscellaneous expenses............................................ 43,894
--------
Total................................................... $350,000
========
</TABLE>
ITEM 15. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
The Maryland GCL permits a Maryland Corporation to include in its charter a
provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the
corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for (i) actual receipt
of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (ii) active
and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to
the cause of action. The Charter contains such a provision which limits such
liability to the maximum extent permitted by the Maryland GCL.
The Charter authorizes the Company to obligate itself to indemnify its
present and former officers and directors and to pay or reimburse reasonable
expenses for those individuals in advance of the final disposition of a
proceeding to the maximum extent permitted from time to time by the laws of
Maryland. The Bylaws of the Company obligate it to indemnify, and advance
expenses to present, former and proposed directors and officers to the maximum
extent permitted by Maryland law. The Maryland GCL permits a corporation to
indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against
judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually
incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a
party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is
established that (a) the act or omission of the director or officer was material
to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (i) was committed in bad faith
or (ii) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) the director or
officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or
services, or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer
had a reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.
However, a corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or
in the right of the corporation. In addition, the Maryland GCL requires the
Company, as conditions to advancing expenses, to obtain (i) a written
affirmation by the director or officer of his good-faith belief that he has met
the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Company as
authorized by the applicable Bylaws and (ii) a written statement by him or on
his behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the Company if it shall
ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct was not met. The Bylaws of
the Company also permit the Company to provide indemnification and to advance
expenses to a present or former director or officer who served a predecessor of
the Company in that capacity, and to any employee or agent of the Company, or a
predecessor of the Company. Finally, the Maryland GCL requires a corporation
(unless its charter provides otherwise, which the Company's Charter does not) to
indemnify a director or officer who has been successful on the merits, or
otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he is made a party by
reason of service in that capacity.
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its
directors and executive officers to provide them with indemnification to the
full extent permitted by the Charter and Bylaws of Company.
II-1
<PAGE> 35
The Company has obtained an insurance policy to provide liability coverage
for directors and officers of Company.
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<C> <C> <S>
1.1* -- Form of Underwriting Agreement
4.1 -- Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Articles of Incorporation of the
Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-09411))
4.2 -- Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-09411))
4.4* -- Form of Certificate of Articles Supplementary for additional series of Preferred
Stock or for other classes or series of the Company's capital stock
4.5* -- Form of Warrant Agreement
5.1** -- Opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP
8.1** -- Opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP relating to certain tax matters
8.2** -- Opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP relating to certain tax matters
12.1** -- Statement on Computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges
23.1 -- Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP (beginning on page II-5)
23.2** -- Consent of Morrison & Foerster LLP (included in Exhibits 5.1 and 8.1)
24.1** -- Power of Attorney
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* To be filed by amendment or incorporated by reference in connection with the
applicable offering of the Offered Securities.
** Previously filed.
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being
made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after
the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the
aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth
in this registration statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan
of distribution not previously disclosed in this registration statement
or any material change to such information in this registration
statement; provided, however, that subparagraphs (i) and (ii) do not
apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective
amendment by those paragraphs is contained in the periodic reports filed
by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in
this registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed
to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered
herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to
be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment
any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
termination of the offering.
II-2
<PAGE> 36
The undersigned Registrant hereby further undertakes that, for the purposes
of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of
the Registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an
employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in this
registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant
has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission
such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in such Act and is,
therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against
such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such
director, officer or controlling person in connection with the Securities being
registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter
has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate
jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public
policy as expressed in such Act and will be governed by the final adjudication
of such issue.
II-3
<PAGE> 37
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Company
certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the
requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Amendment No. 2 to
the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Mateo, State of California on
February 21, 1997.
GLENBOROUGH REALTY TRUST
INCORPORATED
By: /s/ FRANK E. AUSTIN
------------------------------------
Frank E. Austin
Senior Vice President
General Counsel and Secretary
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Amendment
No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 has been signed by the following
persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
- ----------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ------------------
<C> <S> <C>
ROBERT BATINOVICH* Chairman, President and Chief February 21, 1997
- ----------------------------------- Executive Officer
Robert Batinovich
ANDREW BATINOVICH* Operating Officer and Chief Financial February 21, 1997
- ----------------------------------- Officer
Andrew Batinovich
SANDRA L. BOYLE* Senior Vice President February 21, 1997
- -----------------------------------
Sandra L. Boyle
/s/ FRANK E. AUSTIN* Senior Vice President, General Counsel February 21, 1997
- ----------------------------------- and Secretary
Frank E. Austin
TERRI GARNICK* Senior Vice President and Chief February 21, 1997
- ----------------------------------- Accounting Officer
Terri Garnick
PATRICK FOLEY* Director February 21, 1997
- -----------------------------------
Patrick Foley
RICHARD A. MAGNUSON* Director February 21, 1997
- -----------------------------------
Richard A. Magnuson
LAURA WALLACE* Director February 21, 1997
- -----------------------------------
Laura Wallace
* /s/ FRANK E. AUSTIN February 21, 1997
- -----------------------------------
Frank E. Austin
Attorney-in-Fact
</TABLE>
II-4
<PAGE> 38
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" and to
the use of our report dated March 13, 1996 with respect to the financial
statements of Glenborough Realty Trust Incorporated, and the combined financial
statements of the GRT Predecessor Entities on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 1995, incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement
and the related Prospectus of Glenborough Realty Trust Incorporated.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated March 13, 1996, with
respect to the financial statements of Glenborough Realty Trust Incorporated,
and the combined financial statements of the GRT Predecessor Entities on Form
10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 1995, incorporated by reference into this
Registration Statement and the related Prospectus of Glenborough Realty Trust
Incorporated.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated March 13, 1996 with
respect to the financial statements of Equitec Income Real Estate Investors B,
which report is included on Form 8-K/A dated March 14, 1996 incorporated by
reference into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated February 21, 1996 with
respect to the financial statements of Atlantic Pacific Assurance Company
Limited, which report is included on Form 8-K/A dated March 14, 1996
incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated March 13, 1996 with
respect to the financial statements of Equitec Income Real Estate Investors C,
which report is included on Form 8-K/A dated March 14, 1996 incorporated by
reference into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated March 13, 1996 with
respect to the financial statements of Equitec Income Real Estate
Investors - Equity Fund 4, which report is included on Form 8-K/A dated March
14, 1996 incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated January 16, 1996 with
respect to the financial statements of Equitec Mortgage Investors Fund IV, which
report is included on Form 8-K/A dated March 14, 1996 incorporated by reference
into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated November 21, 1995 with
respect to the financial statements of Equitec 79 Real Estate Investors, which
report is included on Form 8-K/A dated March 14, 1996 incorporated by reference
into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated March 13, 1996 with
respect to the financial statements of Outlook Properties Fund IV, which report
is included on Form 8-K/A dated March 14, 1996 incorporated by reference into
this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated March 13, 1996 with
respect to the financial statements of Glenborough All Suite Hotels, L.P., which
report is included on Form 8-K/A dated March 14, 1996 incorporated by reference
into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated March 13, 1996 with
respect to the financial statements of Glenborough Pension Investors, which
report is included on Form 8-K/A dated March 14, 1996 incorporated by reference
into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated March 13, 1996 with
respect to the financial statements of Glenborough Corporation, which report is
included on Form 8-K/A dated March 14, 1996 incorporated by reference into this
Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated March 13, 1996 with
respect to the financial statements of GPA Properties, which report is included
on Form 8-K/A dated March 14, 1996 incorporated by reference into this
Registration Statement.
II-5
<PAGE> 39
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated July 9, 1996 with
respect to the statement of revenues and certain expenses of the University Club
Tower, which report is included on Form 8-K/A dated August 8, 1996 incorporated
by reference into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated July 9, 1996 with
respect to the statement of revenues and certain expenses of the TRP Properties,
which report is included on Form 8-K/A dated December 20, 1996 incorporated by
reference into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated November 15, 1996 with
respect to the statement of revenues and certain expenses of the Carlsberg
Properties, which report is included on Form 8-K/A dated December 20, 1996
incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated July 9, 1996 with
respect to the statement of revenues and certain expenses of the University Club
Tower, which report is included on Form 8-K/A Amendment No. 2 dated February 21,
1997 incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated July 9, 1996 with
respect to the statement of revenues and certain expenses of the TRP Properties,
which report is included on Form 8-K/A Amendment No. 2 dated February 21, 1997
incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement.
We also consent to the inclusion of our report dated November 15, 1996 with
respect to the statement of revenues and certain expenses of the Carlsberg
Properties, which report is included on Form 8-K/A Amendment No. 2 dated
February 21, 1997 incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement.
/s/ Arthur Andersen LLP
San Francisco, California
February 21, 1997
II-6
<PAGE> 40
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- ------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<C> <C> <S>
1.1* -- Form of Underwriting Agreement for Common Stock
4.1 -- Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Articles of Incorporation of the
Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-09411))
4.2 -- Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-09411))
4.4* -- Form of Certificate of Articles of Supplementary for additional classes or series
of Preferred Stock or for other classes or series of the Company's capital stock
4.5* -- Form of Warrant Agreement
5.1** -- Opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP
8.1** -- Opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP relating to certain tax matters
8.2** -- Opinion of Morrison & Foerster LLP relating to certain tax matters
12.1** -- Statement of Computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges
23.1 -- Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP (beginning on page II-5)
23.2** -- Consent of Morrison & Foerster LLP (included in Exhibits 5.1 and 8.1)
24.1** -- Power of Attorney
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* To be filed by amendment or incorporated by reference in connection with the
applicable offering of Common Stock.
** Previously filed.
