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Filed pursuant to Rule 497(e)
under the Securities Act of 1933
File No. 33-84186
File No. 811-8774
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FAIRPORT FUNDS
==============
FAIRPORT MIDWEST GROWTH FUND
FAIRPORT GROWTH AND INCOME FUND
FAIRPORT GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND
SUPPLEMENT DATED JUNE 17, 1999
TO PROSPECTUS DATED MARCH 1, 1999
The following information replaces and supersedes any contrary
information contained in the Funds' Prospectus:
Effective July 1, 1999, FAIRPORT FUNDS will change its name to ROULSTON
FUNDS, and each of the following series or funds of the Trust will
change its name as follows: FAIRPORT MIDWEST GROWTH FUND will change
its name to ROULSTON GROWTH FUND; FAIRPORT GROWTH AND INCOME FUND will
change its name to ROULSTON GROWTH AND INCOME FUND; and FAIRPORT
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND will change its name to ROULSTON GOVERNMENT
SECURITIES FUND.
Effective July 1, 1999, the first paragraph in the "PRINCIPAL STRATEGY"
section for the GROWTH FUND on page 4 of the Prospectus is deleted and replaced
with the following:
The Fund seeks capital appreciation over the long term by investing
primarily in the common stocks of companies projected to grow faster
than the economy in general. Although not exclusively, these companies
tend to be established companies which typically have several years of
recorded experience as publicly traded entities. Thus, information
related to operating results over several years and the public's
reaction to those fluctuations in the progress of the company is
available for assessment. Dividends are not a consideration and growth
is viewed opportunistically. Few companies can grow at a high rate for
an extended period. Special strength in specific industries or product
lines come and go over varying lengths of time. We focus on the 2-3
year time frame. We do not focus on any particular market
capitalization, but will tend to own stocks ranked among the largest
1000 companies.
Effective July 1, 1999, the third and fourth bullet items listed in the
"PRINCIPAL RISKS" section for the GROWTH FUND on page 4 of the Prospectus are
deleted.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The "PRINCIPAL STRATEGY" section for the GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND on
page 8 of the Prospectus is deleted and replaced with the following:
The Fund primarily invests in U.S. government and agency securities and
expects to maintain an average portfolio maturity of three to ten
years. Normally, at least 65% of the Fund's total assets are invested
in U.S. government securities, including:
- Direct obligations issued by the U.S. Treasury;
- Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its
agencies or instrumentalities, including mortgage-backed
securities; and
- Repurchase agreements, backed by any of the foregoing securities.
The Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in corporate bonds
and privately issued mortgage-backed securities rated "BBB" or better
by a nationally recognized rating agency, or, if unrated, are
determined by the portfolio manager to be of like quality. The Fund may
also use financial futures contracts to protect its portfolio against
possible adverse movements in interest rates. For example, when
interest rates are increasing and portfolio values are falling, the
Fund may enter into a financial futures contract whose value will
increase when interest rates fall in an attempt to offset a decline in
the value of the Fund's current portfolio securities.
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The following items are added at the end of the section "PRINCIPAL
RISKS" for the GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND on page 8 of the Prospectus:
- credit risk, or the risk that the issuer of a debt obligation, such
as a bond, may default on its obligation to pay principal and/or
interest on such obligation when due or that the issuer may have
its credit rating downgraded which would likely adversely affect
the market value of such obligation; and -
- prepayment risk, or the risk that during periods of falling
interest rates, the underlying obligations of a mortgage-backed
security may be paid off and its principal repaid to the Fund more
quickly than the investment adviser anticipated and that the
securities could decrease in value. If such security was purchased
at a premium the Fund could also lose principal.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
The "PRINCIPAL STRATEGY" sections for the GROWTH FUND and the GROWTH AND
INCOME FUND on pages 4 and 6, respectively, are supplemented with the following:
The Fund may use stock index futures to protect its portfolio against
possible adverse movements in stock prices. Index futures are futures
contracts for various indices that are traded on registered securities
exchanges. The portfolio manager expects that the index futures
contracts used by the Fund will track the price performance of an
index, and will provide the opportunity to enhance the total return of
the Fund. There is, however, no guarantee that such results will be
achieved. See "Other Securities and Risks - Futures Contracts."
The following is to be added to the end of the paragraph entitled "BONDS
AND OTHER DEBT SECURITIES" in the "OTHER SECURITIES AND RISKS" section on page
11 of the Prospectus:
However, the Fund may also invest in corporate bonds and other non-U.S.
Government securities where there is more risk that the principal of
and interest on such securities may not be paid when due.
The following items are added to the end of the section "OTHER SECURITIES
AND RISKS" on page 11 of the Prospectus:
MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES. The GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND is permitted
to invest in mortgage-backed securities, subject to the rating and
quality requirements described in the "PRINCIPAL STRATEGY" section
above. These securities, which represent interests in pools of
mortgages, may offer attractive yields but generally carry additional
risks. The prices and yields of mortgage-backed securities typically
assume that the securities will be repaid at a given time before
maturity. When interest rates fall substantially, these securities
usually are redeemed early because the underlying mortgages are often
prepaid. The Fund would then have to reinvest the money at a lower
rate. The price or yield of mortgage-backed securities may fall or
become more volatile if they are repaid later than expected.
FUTURES CONTRACTS. Each Fund may use futures contracts for bona fide
hedging purposes to offset changes in the value of securities held or
expected to be acquired. Futures contracts provide for the future sale
by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a
specific security at a specified future time and at a specified price.
Risks inherent in the use of futures contracts include: (i) dependence
on the portfolio manager's ability to predict correctly movements in
the direction of interest rates and/or securities prices; (ii)
imperfect correlation between the price of futures contracts and
movements in the prices of the securities being hedged; (iii) the fact
that skills needed to use these strategies are different from those
needed to select portfolio securities; (iv) the absence of a liquid
secondary market for any particular contract at any time; (v) the
possible need to defer closing out certain hedged positions to avoid
adverse tax consequences; and (vi) the possible inability of a Fund to
purchase or sell a portfolio security at a time that otherwise would be
favorable for it to do so, or the possible need for a Fund to sell the
security at a disadvantageous time, due to the requirement that the
Fund maintain "cover" or segregate securities in connection with
hedging transactions. The loss from investing in futures transactions
is potentially unlimited.
INVESTORS SHOULD RETAIN THIS SUPPLEMENT
WITH THE PROSPECTUS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
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STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
===================================
FAIRPORT MIDWEST GROWTH FUND
FAIRPORT GROWTH AND INCOME FUND
FAIRPORT GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND
Three Funds of
FAIRPORT FUNDS
Investment Adviser:
ROULSTON & COMPANY, INC.
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus and
relates to FAIRPORT MIDWEST GROWTH FUND (the "GROWTH FUND"), FAIRPORT GROWTH AND
INCOME FUND (the "GROWTH AND INCOME FUND"), and FAIRPORT GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
FUND (the "GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND"), three separate series of Fairport Funds
(the "Trust"). The GROWTH FUND, GROWTH AND INCOME FUND, and GOVERNMENT
SECURITIES FUND are sometimes referred to individually as a "Fund" and
collectively as the "Funds".
Effective July 1, 1999, FAIRPORT FUNDS will change its name to
ROULSTON FUNDS, and each of the following series or funds of the Trust will
change its name as follows: FAIRPORT MIDWEST GROWTH FUND will change its name to
ROULSTON GROWTH FUND; FAIRPORT GROWTH AND INCOME FUND will change its name to
ROULSTON GROWTH AND INCOME FUND; and FAIRPORT GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND will
change its name to ROULSTON GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND.
This Statement of Additional Information is intended to provide
additional information regarding the activities and operations of the Funds and
the Trust and should be read in conjunction with the Funds' Prospectus dated
March 1, 1999, as supplemented June 17, 1999. The Prospectus may be obtained
without charge through the Funds' Distributor, Roulston Research Corp., 4000
Chester Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44103 (the "Distributor") by calling
1-800-332-6459.
Each Fund's most recent Annual Report to Shareholders is a separate
document that is incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional
Information. The Funds' Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders are also
available without charge by calling the Distributor at 1-800-332-6459.
March 1, 1999
as Supplemented June 17, 1999
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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THE TRUST...............................................................5
INFORMATION ON PERMITTED INVESTMENTS AND RELATED RISK FACTORS...........5
American Depository Receipts...........................................5
Bankers' Acceptances...................................................5
Certificates of Deposit................................................6
Commercial Paper.......................................................6
Convertible Securities.................................................6
Time Deposits..........................................................6
U.S. Government Securities.............................................6
Corporate Debt Securities..............................................7
Mortgage-Backed Securities.............................................8
1. Government Issued Mortgage-Related Securities....................8
2. Private Issued Mortgage-Related Securities.......................9
3. Collateralized Mortgage Obligations..............................9
4. Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities..............................9
Asset-Backed Securities...............................................10
Temporary Defensive Positions.........................................10
Variable Amount Master Demand Notes...................................10
Variable and Floating Rate Securities.................................11
Initial Public Offerings..............................................11
Section 4(2) Securities...............................................12
Repurchase Agreements.................................................12
Foreign Investment....................................................13
Options Trading.......................................................13
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Futures Trading.......................................................15
Warrants..............................................................16
When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Securities...........................16
Investment Company Shares.............................................17
Portfolio Turnover....................................................17
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS OF THE FUNDS....................................17
Non-fundamental Restrictions..........................................18
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST................................................19
Trustees and Officers of the Trust....................................19
PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES........................................22
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES.................................23
The Investment Adviser................................................23
The Distributor.......................................................24
Distribution and Shareholder Service Plan.............................24
The Administrator.....................................................26
Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant....................................27
The Custodian.........................................................28
Independent Auditors..................................................28
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS.......................28
Portfolio Transactions................................................28
Brokerage Commissions.................................................28
NET ASSET VALUE........................................................30
ADDITIONAL PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION INFORMATION.........................31
Systematic Withdrawal Plan............................................31
TAXES..................................................................32
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PERFORMANCE INFORMATION................................................34
Calculation of Total Return...........................................34
Performance Comparisons...............................................35
SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST..........................................35
Description of Shares.................................................35
Voting Rights.........................................................36
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS...................................................37
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THE TRUST
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FAIRPORT FUNDS (on and after July 1, 1999, by name change, THE ROULSTON
FAMILY OF FUNDS) (the "Trust") is an open-end management investment company
established under Ohio law as an Ohio business trust under a Declaration of
Trust dated September 16, 1994. Each of the Trust's Funds is classified as
diversified, meaning that, with respect to 75% of its total assets, it has not
invested more than 5% of its assets in the securities of any single issuer
(other than securities issued by the U.S. Government or its agencies or
instrumentalities).
On April 28, 1995, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization
and Liquidation with The Advisors' Inner Circle Fund, a Massachusetts business
trust ("Advisors"), the GROWTH FUND, the GROWTH AND INCOME FUND and the
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND of the Trust acquired all of the assets of each of
the Roulston Midwest Growth Fund, the Roulston Growth and Income Fund, and the
Roulston Government Securities Fund of Advisors (collectively, the "Acquired
Funds"), respectively, in exchange for the assumption of such Acquired Fund's
liabilities and a number of full and fractional shares of the corresponding Fund
of the Trust having an aggregate net asset value equal to such Acquired Fund's
net assets (the "Reorganization"). The performance and financial information
included in this Statement of Additional Information relates to both the
operations of the Acquired Funds prior to the Reorganization and to the Funds of
the Trust since the Reorganization. For accounting and advertising information
purposes, the Acquired Funds were considered to the survivors of the
Reorganization."
Much of the information contained in this Statement of Additional
Information expands upon subjects discussed in the Prospectus of the Funds.
Capitalized terms not defined herein are defined in the Prospectus. No
investment in shares of a Fund should be made without first reading the
Prospectus.
INFORMATION ON PERMITTED INVESTMENTS
------------------------------------
AND RELATED RISK FACTORS
------------------------
AMERICAN DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS ("ADRS)"
- -------------------------------------
ADRs are typically issued by a U.S. financial institution and are
evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer.
Sponsored ADRs are a joint arrangement between the foreign issuer and the U.S.
financial institution acting depository and tend to be more liquid than
unsponsored ADRs. Also, generally more information is available about the
underlying issuer to holders of sponsored ADRs than for unsponsored ADRs. Each
Fund may invest in sponsored or unsponsored ADRs.
BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES
- --------------------
Negotiable bills of exchange or time drafts drawn on and accepted by a
commercial bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay
the face value of the instrument on maturity. Bankers' acceptances are used by
corporations to finance the shipment and storage of goods and to furnish dollar
exchanges. Maturities are generally six months or less. All Funds are permitted
to invest in bankers' acceptances.
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CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT
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A negotiable interest bearing instrument with a specific maturity.
Certificates of deposit are issued by U.S. commercial banks and savings and loan
institutions in exchange for the deposit of funds and normally can be traded in
the secondary market prior to maturity. Certificates of deposit generally carry
penalties for early withdrawal. All Funds are permitted to invest in
certificates of deposit.
COMMERCIAL PAPER
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The commercial paper is unsecured short-term promissory notes issued by
corporations and other entities. Maturities on these notes typically vary from a
few days to nine months. All funds may invest in commercial paper.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES
- ----------------------
Convertible securities are securities such as rights, bonds, notes and
preferred stocks which are convertible into or exchangeable for common stocks.
Convertible securities have characteristics similar to both fixed income and
equity securities. Because of the conversion feature, the market value of
convertible securities tends to move together with the market value of the
underlying common stock. As a result, a Fund's selection of convertible
securities is based, to a great extent, on the potential for capital
appreciation that may exist in the underlying stock. The value of convertible
securities is also affected by prevailing interest rates, the credit quality of
the issuer, and any call provisions. Both the GROWTH FUND and the GROWTH AND
INCOME FUND may invest in convertible securities.
TIME DEPOSITS
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A time deposit is a non-negotiable receipt issued by a bank in exchange
for the deposit of funds. Like a certificate of deposit, it earns a specified
rate of interest over a definite period of time; however, it cannot be traded in
the secondary market. Time deposits in excess of seven days with a withdrawal
penalty are considered to be illiquid securities; a Fund will not invest more
than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities, including such time deposits.
All Funds are permitted to invest in time deposits.
U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
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The GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND invests primarily in securities issued
or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
Securities issued directly by the U.S. Government consist of bills, notes and
bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury, including U.S. Treasury inflation
index-linked securities and separately traded interest and principal component
parts of such securities that are transferable only through the Federal
Reserve's book entry system known as Separately Traded Registered Interest and
Principal Securities ("STRIPs"). Agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S.
Government include the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), the
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation ("FHLMC"), and the Student Loan Marketing Association ("SLMA").
Obligations of agencies such as GNMA are backed by the full faith and credit of
the U.S. Government. Others, such as the obligations of FNMA, are not backed by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government but are supported by the right
of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of SLMA,
are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase
the agency's obligations; and still others, such as the Federal Farm Credit
Banks, are supported only by the credit of the agency. No assurance can be given
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that the U.S. Government would provide financial assistance to U.S.
Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do
so by law.
STRIPS are sold as zero coupon securities; that is, the component parts
of fixed income securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest
coupons. Zero coupon securities are sold at a (usually substantial) discount and
redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of
interest or principal. The amount of this discount is accreted over the life of
the security, and the accretion constitutes the income earned on the security
for both accounting and tax purposes. Because of these features, the market
prices of zero coupon securities are generally more volatile than the market
prices of securities that have a similar maturity but pay interest periodically.
Zero coupon securities are likely to respond to a greater degree to interest
rate changes than are non-zero coupon securities with similar maturity and
credit qualities. The Funds intend to invest in STRIPs that are only traded
through the U.S. Government-sponsored program.
Roulston will purchase only those STRIPs that it determines are liquid
or, if illiquid, do not violate that Fund's investment policy concerning
investments in illiquid securities. While there is no limitation on the
percentage of a Fund's assets that may be comprised of STRIPs, Roulston will
monitor the level of such holdings to avoid the risk of impairing shareholders'
redemption rights.
CORPORATE DEBT SECURITIES
- -------------------------
The GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND's investments in these securities are
limited to corporate obligations of domestic issuers. Generally, the GOVERNMENT
SECURITIES FUND will only invest in corporate obligations rated within the four
highest rating categories by a nationally recognized rating agency such as
Standard & Poor's Rating Group or Moody's Investor Services, ("rating agency").
However, the Fund may also invest up to 5% of its total assets in corporate
obligations rated "B" or "BB" by such rating agencies. For a description of such
rating categories, see the Appendix to this Statement of Additional Information.
Securities which are rated in the fourth highest rating category by a
rating agency (e.g., BBB or Baa) are considered to be "medium grade" securities.
Medium grade securities, although deemed to be investment grade, have
speculative characteristics and may be subject to greater fluctuations in value
than higher-rated securities. In addition, the issuers of medium grade
securities may be more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions or changing
circumstances than issuers of higher-rated securities.
Securities that rated "BB" or "B" are commonly known as "high yield" or
"junk" bonds. Such securities will usually have higher yields than higher rated
securities. However, there is more risk associated with these investments. This
is because of reduced creditworthiness and increased risk of default. Under
rating agency guidelines, such lower rated securities will likely have some
quality and protective characteristics that are outweighed by large
uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions. Lower rated
securities are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any
real investment standing, to have a current identifiable vulnerability to
default, and to be unlikely to have the capacity to make required interest
payments and repay principal when due in the event of adverse business,
financial or economic conditions. The foregoing factors may, under certain
circumstances, reduce the value of securities held by the Fund and thus affect
the value of the Fund's shares.
After purchase by the GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND, a security may cease
to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum required for
investment by the Fund. Neither event will require a sale of
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such security by the Fund. However, the portfolio manager will consider such
event in its determination of whether the Fund should continue to hold the
security. To the extent the ratings given by a rating agency may change as a
result of changes in such organizations or their rating systems, the Fund will
attempt to use comparable ratings as standards for investments in accordance
with the investment policies contained in the Prospectus and in this Statement
of Additional Information.
MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES
- --------------------------
The GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND is permitted to invest in
mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its
agencies or instrumentalities or by non-governmental entities which are rated,
at the time of purchase, within the highest rating categories by one or more
rating agency. Due to scheduled and unscheduled principal payments on the
underlying obligations, such securities have a shorter average maturity and,
therefore, less principal volatility than a bond with a comparable maturity.
Since prepayment rates vary widely, it is not possible to accurately predict the
average maturity of a particular pool of mortgages. The scheduled monthly
interest and principal payments relating to mortgages in the pool will be
"passed through" to investors. Such mortgage backed securities differ from
conventional bonds in that principal is paid back to the certificate holders
over the life of the loan rather than at maturity. As a result, there will be
monthly scheduled payments of principal and interest. In addition, there may be
unscheduled principal payments representing prepayments on the underlying
mortgages. Early repayment of principal on mortgage pass-through securities
arising from prepayments of principal on the underlying obligations, (due to
sale, refinancing, or foreclosure of the underlying property, net of fees and
costs which may be incurred) may expose the Fund to a lower rate of return upon
reinvestment of such principal. Also, if a mortgage-related security subject to
prepayment has been purchased at a premium, (i.e., a price in excess of the
principal amount) in the event of accelerated prepayments, the Fund may risk
loss of principal because the premium may not have been fully amortized at the
time the security was paid. The opposite is true for mortgage-backed securities
purchased at a discount. Like other fixed-income securities, when interest rates
rise, the value of mortgage-backed securities generally will decline; however,
when interest rates decline, the value of mortgage-backed securities with
prepayment features may not increase as much as other fixed-income securities.
Prepayment rates will be used to determine a mortgage-backed security's
estimated average life and the GOVERNMENT SECURITY FUND'S dollar-weighted
average portfolio maturity.
1. GOVERNMENT ISSUED MORTGAGE-RELATED SECURITIES
Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or one of its
agencies or instrumentalities are considered to be "mortgage-related securities"
because they represent ownership in a pool of federally insured mortgage loans
with maturities of up to 30 years. Although mortgage-related securities may
offer yields higher than those available from other types of U.S. Government
securities, such securities may be less effective than other types of securities
as a means of "locking in" attractive long-term rates because of the prepayment
feature.
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2. PRIVATE ISSUED MORTGAGE-RELATED SECURITIES
Mortgage pass-through securities created by non-governmental issuers
(such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage
insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers) may be
supported in various forms of insurance or guarantees issued by governmental
entities as well as private entities.
3. COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATIONS ("CMOS")
CMOs are debt obligations collateralized by residential or commercial
mortgage loans or residential or commercial mortgage pass-through securities.
Interest and prepaid principal are generally paid monthly. CMOs may be
collateralized by whole mortgage loans or private mortgage pass-through
securities but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage
pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC or FNMA. The issuer of a
series of CMOs may elect to be treated for tax purposes as a Real Estate
Mortgage Investment Conduit ("REMIC"). All future references to CMOs shall also
be deemed to include REMICs.
CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different
stated maturity. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of
underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors
holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity
classes usually receive principal only after shorter maturity classes have been
retired. An investor may be partially protected against a sooner than desired
return of principal because of the sequential payments.
Certain issuers of CMOs are not considered investment companies
pursuant to a rule recently adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission
("SEC"), and the Fund may invest in the securities of such issuers without the
limitations imposed by the 1940 Act on investments by the Fund in other
investment companies. In addition, in reliance on an earlier SEC interpretation,
the Fund's investments in certain other qualifying CMOs, which cannot or do not
rely on the rule, are also not subject to the limitation of the 1940 Act on
acquiring interests in other investment companies. In order to be able to rely
on the SEC's interpretation, issuers of these CMOs must be unmanaged, fixed
asset issuers that (a) invest primarily in mortgage-backed securities, (b) do
not issue redeemable securities, (c) operate under general exemptive orders
exempting them from all provisions of the 1940 Act, and (d) are not registered
or regulated under the 1940 Act as investment companies. To the extent that the
Fund selects CMOs that cannot rely on the rule or do not meet the above
requirements, the Fund's investments in such securities will be subject to the
limitations described below with respect to its investments in other investment
companies.
4. ADJUSTABLE RATE MORTGAGE SECURITIES
Adjustable rate mortgage securities ("ARMs") are pass-through
securities collateralized by mortgages with adjustable, rather than fixed rates
of interest. ARMs eligible for inclusion in a mortgage pool generally provide
for a fixed initial mortgage interest rate for either the first three, six,
twelve, thirteen, 36, or 60 scheduled monthly payments. Thereafter, the interest
rates are subject to periodic adjustment based on changes to a designated
benchmark index.
The ARMs generally contain maximum and minimum rates beyond which the
mortgage interest rate may not vary over the lifetime of the mortgage. In
addition, certain ARMs provide for additional limitations on the maximum amount
by which the mortgage interest may be adjusted for any single adjustment period.
In the event that market rates of interest rise to levels above that of the
ARM's maximum rate, the ARM's coupon
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<PAGE> 12
may represent a below market rate of interest. In these circumstances, the
market value of the ARM security will likely fall.
Some ARMs contain limitations on changes in the required monthly
payment. In the event that a monthly payment is not sufficient to pay the
interest accruing on an ARM, any such excess interest is added to the principal
balance of the mortgage loan, which is repaid through future monthly payments.
If the monthly payment for such an instrument exceeds the sum of the interest
accrued at the applicable mortgage interest rate and the principal payment
required at such point to amortize the outstanding principal balance over the
remaining term of the loan, the excess is then utilized to reduce the
outstanding principal balance of the ARM.
ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES
- -----------------------
The GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND is permitted to invest up to 5% of its
total assets in asset-backed securities. Asset-backed securities have structural
characteristics similar to mortgage-backed securities and a similar risk of
prepayment. However, asset-backed securities involve certain risks that are not
posed by mortgage-related securities, resulting mainly from the fact that
asset-backed securities do not usually contain the benefit of a complete
security interest in the related collateral. The underlying assets include
assets such as motor vehicle installment sales contracts, other installment loan
contracts and receivables from credit card and other revolving credit
arrangements. For example, credit card receivables generally are unsecured and
the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and Federal
consumer credit laws, some of which may reduce the ability of the Fund, as an
investor, to obtain full payment in the event of default or insolvency. In the
case of automobile receivables, due to various legal and economic factors,
proceeds from repossessed collateral may not always be sufficient to support
payments on these securities. The risks associated with asset-backed securities
are often reduced by the addition of credit enhancements such as a letter of
credit from a bank, excess collateral or a third-party guarantee. With respect
to an asset-backed security arising from secured debt (such as automobile
receivables), there is a risk that parties other than the originator and
servicer of the loan may acquire a security interest superior to that of the
security's holders.
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE POSITIONS
- -----------------------------
When any of the Funds takes a temporary defensive position, it may
invest up to 100% of its assets as cash or money market instruments, including
bankers' acceptances, certificates of deposit, high quality commercial paper and
short-term U.S. Government securities.
VARIABLE AMOUNT MASTER DEMAND NOTES
- -----------------------------------
Variable amount master demand notes, in which the Funds may invest, are
unsecured demand notes that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary and
provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate according to the terms of
the instrument. Because master demand notes are direct lending arrangements
between a Fund and the issuer, they are not normally traded. Although there is
no secondary market in the notes, a Fund may demand payment of principal and
accrued interest at any time within 30 days. While such notes are not typically
rated by credit rating agencies, issuers of variable amount master demand notes
(which are normally manufacturing, retail, financial and other business
concerns), must be considered to be of comparable quality to the issuers of
commercial paper that could be purchased for such Fund. Roulston will consider
the earning power, cash flow, and other liquidity ratios of the issuers of such
notes and will continuously monitor their financial status and ability to meet
payment on demand. In determining average weighted portfolio maturity, a
variable amount master
-10-
<PAGE> 13
demand note will be deemed to have a maturity equal to the longer of the period
of time remaining until the next interest rate adjustment or the period of time
remaining until the principal amount can be recovered from the issuer through
demand. In the event that the period of time remaining until the principal
amount can be recovered under a variable master demand note exceeds seven days,
a Fund will treat such note as illiquid for purposes of its limitations on
investments in illiquid securities.
VARIABLE AND FLOATING RATE SECURITIES
- -------------------------------------
Each Fund may acquire variable and floating rate securities, subject to
such Fund's investment objectives, policies and restrictions. A variable rate
security is one whose terms provide for the adjustment of its interest rate on
set dates and which, upon such adjustment, can reasonably be expected to have a
market value that approximates its par value. A floating rate security is one
whose terms provide for the adjustment of its interest rate whenever a specified
interest rate changes and which, at any time, can reasonably be expected to have
a market value that approximates its par value. The interest rates on these
securities may be reset daily, weekly, quarterly or some other reset period. The
Funds intend to invest in variable and floating rate securities whose market
value upon reset of the interest rate will approximate par value because their
interest rates will be tied to short-term rates. However, there is a risk that
the current interest rate on such obligations may not accurately reflect
existing market rates, and therefore that upon such interest rate reset, the
instrument may decline in value.
Such securities frequently are not rated by credit rating agencies;
however, unrated variable and floating rate securities purchased by a Fund must
be determined by Roulston to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase to
rated instruments eligible for purchase under that Fund's investment policies.
In making such determinations, Roulston will consider the earning power, cash
flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuers of such notes (such issuers
include governmental agencies, and financial, merchandising, bank holding and
other companies) and will continuously monitor their financial condition.
Although there may be no active secondary market with respect to a particular
variable or floating rate security purchased by a Fund, the Fund may resell the
note at any time to a third party. The absence of an active secondary market,
however, could make it difficult for the Fund to dispose of a variable or
floating rate security in the event the issuer of the note defaulted on its
payment obligations and the Fund could, as a result or for other reasons, suffer
a loss to the extent of the default. To the extent that a Fund is not entitled
to receive the principal amount of a note within seven days and there is no
established market for such security, such a security will be treated as an
illiquid security for purposes of calculation of the 15% limitation on such
Fund's investment in illiquid securities.
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS
- ------------------------
Both the GROWTH FUND and the GROWTH AND INCOME FUND may each invest
from time to time in the securities of selected new issuers, or initial public
offerings (IPOs). If a Fund is to invest in securities of relatively new
issuers, it will only invest in securities which Roulston believes present an
acceptable amount of risk. Investments in relatively new issuers, i.e., those
having continuous operating histories of less than three years, may carry
special risks and may be more speculative because such companies are unseasoned.
Such companies may also lack sufficient resources, may be unable to generate
internally the funds necessary for growth and may find external financing to be
unavailable on favorable terms or even totally unavailable. Those companies will
often be involved in the development or marketing of a new product with no
established market, which could lead to significant losses. In addition, the
securities of such issuers may have limited marketability, which may affect or
limit their liquidity and therefore the
-11-
<PAGE> 14
ability of a Fund to sell such securities at the time and price it deems
advisable. Such securities may also be subject to more abrupt or erratic market
movements over time than securities of more seasoned companies or the market as
a whole.
SECTION 4(2) SECURITIES
- -----------------------
Each of the Funds may each invest in restricted, or Section 4(2),
securities. These securities are issued by corporations without registration
under the 1933 Act in reliance on an exemption from registration which is
afforded by Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act ("Section 4(2) securities"). Section
4(2) securities are restricted as to disposition under Federal securities laws,
and generally are sold to institutional investors who agree that they are
purchasing the securities for investment and not with a view to public
distribution. Any resale may also generally be made in an exempt transaction.
Section 4(2) securities are normally resold, if at all, to other institutional
investors through or with the assistance of the issuer or investment dealers who
facilitate the resale of such Section 4(2) securities, thus providing some
liquidity.
Pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Trust,
Roulston may determine Section 4(2) securities to be liquid if such securities
are eligible for resale under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and are readily
saleable. Rule 144A permits the Funds to purchase securities which have been
privately placed and resell securities to certain qualified institutional buyers
without restriction. For purposes of determining whether a Rule 144A security is
readily saleable, and therefore liquid, Roulston must consider, among other
things, the frequency of trades and quotes for the security, the number of
dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of potential
purchasers, dealer undertakings to make a market in the security, and the nature
of the security and marketplace trades of such security. However, investing in
Rule 144A securities, even if such securities are initially determined to be
liquid, could have the effect of increasing the level of the Fund's illiquidity
to the extent that qualified institutional buyers become, for a time,
uninterested in purchasing these securities.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
- ---------------------
Securities held by each of the Funds may be subject to repurchase
agreements. Under the terms of a repurchase agreement, a Fund would acquire
securities from member banks of the Federal Reserve System and registered
broker-dealers which Roulston deems creditworthy under guidelines approved by
the Trust's Board of Trustees, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase
such securities at a mutually agreed-upon date and price. The repurchase price
would generally equal the price paid by the Fund plus interest negotiated on the
basis of current short-term rates, which may be more or less than the rate on
the underlying portfolio securities. The seller under a repurchase agreement
will be required to maintain at all times the value of collateral held pursuant
to the agreement at not less than 102% the repurchase price (including accrued
interest). If the seller were to default on its repurchase obligation or become
insolvent, the Fund would suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a
sale of the underlying portfolio securities were less than the repurchase price
under the agreement, or to the extent that the disposition of such securities by
the Fund were delayed pending court action. Additionally, there is no
controlling legal precedent confirming that the Fund would be entitled, as
against a claim by such seller or its receiver or trustee in bankruptcy, to
retain the underlying securities, although the Board of Trustees of the Trust
believes that, under the regular procedures normally in effect for custody of
the Fund's securities subject to repurchase agreements and under Federal laws, a
court of competent jurisdiction would rule in favor of the Trust if presented
with the question. Securities subject to repurchase agreements will be held by
the Trust's Custodian or another qualified custodian or in the Federal
-12-
<PAGE> 15
Reserve/Treasury book-entry system. Repurchase agreements are considered to be
loans by a Fund under the 1940 Act.
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
- ------------------
Investment in foreign securities, including ADRs, is subject to special
investment risks that differ in some respects from those related to investments
in securities of U.S. domestic issuers. Since investments in the securities of
foreign issuers may involve currencies of foreign countries, a Fund may be
affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates and in exchange
control regulations and may incur costs in connection with conversions between
various currencies.
Since foreign companies are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing
and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to
those applicable to U.S. companies, there may be less publicly available
information about a foreign company than about a U.S. company. Securities of
many foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of
comparable U.S. companies.
In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is the
possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political or social
instability, or diplomatic developments which could affect a Fund's investments
in those countries. Moreover, individual foreign economies may differ favorably
or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross
national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource
self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
The GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND may also invest in U.S. dollar
denominated securities issued or guaranteed by supranational entities, foreign
governments, their political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities.
A Fund will acquire such securities only when Roulston believes the
risks associated with such investments are minimal.
OPTIONS TRADING
- ---------------
Each of the Funds may purchase put and call options for various
securities and securities indices that are traded on national securities
exchanges, from time to time, as Roulston deems appropriate. Each of the Funds
may also engage in writing (i.e., selling) call options from time to time as
Roulston deems appropriate. A Fund will write only covered call options (options
on securities owned by that Fund). A call option gives the purchaser of the
option the right to buy, and the writer has the obligation to sell, the
underlying security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the
expiration of the option, regardless of the market price of the security. A put
option gives the purchaser the right to sell, and the writer the obligation to
buy, the underlying security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to
the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the
security. The premium paid to the writer is consideration for undertaking the
obligations under the option contract. Put and call options purchased by the
Funds will be valued at the last sale price, or in the absence of such a price,
at the mean between bid and asked price.
Both the GROWTH FUND and the GROWTH AND INCOME FUND may invest in
options on stocks and stock indices, while the GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND may
invest in options on fixed income securities and fixed income securities
indices. OPTIONS WILL BE USED ONLY FOR HEDGING PURPOSES AND WILL NOT BE ENGAGED
IN FOR SPECULATIVE PURPOSES. Currently, no Fund anticipates entering into
options transactions
-13-
<PAGE> 16
to the extent that the aggregate value of portfolio securities subject to
options or invested in options positions will exceed 5% of a Fund's net assets
as of the time the Fund purchases or enters into such options.
When a Fund writes a call option, an amount equal to the net premium
(the premium less the commission) received by the Fund is included in the
liability section of the Fund's statement of assets and liabilities as a
deferred credit. The amount of the deferred credit will be subsequently
marked-to-market to reflect the current value of the option written. The current
value of the traded option is the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale,
the average of the closing bid and asked prices. If an option expires on the
stipulated expiration date or if the Fund enters into a closing purchase
transaction, it will realize a gain (or a loss if the cost of a closing purchase
transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold) and the
deferred credit related to such option will be eliminated. If an option is
exercised, the Fund may deliver the underlying security in the open market. In
either event, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium
originally received and the Fund will realize a gain or loss.
In addition, when a Fund writes a covered call option and such option
is exercised, that Fund will forego the appreciation, if any, on the underlying
security in excess of the exercise price. In order to close out a call option it
has written, a Fund will enter into a "closing purchase transaction" -- the
purchase of a call option on the same security with the same exercise price and
expiration date as the call option which that Fund previously wrote on any
particular securities. When a portfolio security subject to a call option is
sold, the Fund which wrote the call will effect a closing purchase transaction
to close out any existing call option on that security. There is no assurance of
liquidity in the secondary market for purposes of closing out options positions.
If that Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be
able to sell the underlying security until the option expires or such Fund
delivers the underlying security upon exercise.
Each Fund may purchase or write both OTC (over-the-counter) options and
options traded on U.S. Exchanges. Exchange-traded options are issued by a
clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed
that, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option
transaction. OTC options are contracts between the Fund and the counterparty
(usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee.
Thus, when the fund purchases or writes an OTC option, it relies on the
counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise
of the option. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of
any premium paid by the Fund as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the
transaction. Although a Fund will enter into OTC options only with
counterparties that are expected to be capable of entering into closing
transactions with such Fund, there is no assurance that such Fund will in fact
be able to close out an OTC option at a favorable price prior to expiration. In
the event of insolvency of the counterparty, a Fund might be unable to close out
an OTC option position prior to its expiration. All or a portion of any assets
used as cover for OTC options written by a Fund would be considered "illiquid"
for purposes of that Fund's limitation on investments in illiquid securities,
which is described below under "Non-fundamental Restrictions."
Although a Fund will engage in option transactions only as hedging
transactions and not for speculative purposes, there are risks associated with
such investment including the following: (i) the success of a hedging strategy
may depend on the ability of Roulston to predict movements in the prices of the
individual securities, fluctuations in markets and movements in interest rates;
(ii) there may be an imperfect correlation between the changes in market value
of the securities held by a Fund and the prices
-14-
<PAGE> 17
of options; (iii) there may not be a liquid secondary market for options; and
(iv) while a Fund will receive a premium when it writes covered call options, it
may not participate fully in a rise in the market value of the underlying
security.
The Funds may also purchase or sell index options. Index options (or
options on securities indices) are similar in many respects to options on
securities except that an index option gives the holder the right to receive,
upon exercise, cash instead of securities, if the closing level of the
securities index upon which the option is based is greater than, in the case of
a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option.
FUTURES TRADING
- ---------------
Each Fund may attempt to reduce the risk of investment in securities by
hedging a portion of its portfolio through the use of certain futures
transactions. In attempting to hedge, each Fund may purchase or sell contracts
for the future delivery of the specific financial instruments or securities in
which that Fund may invest, and contracts relating to indices based upon the
types of securities in which that Fund may invest, and engage in related closing
transactions. The Funds will use these instruments primarily as a hedge against
changes resulting from market conditions in the values of securities held in its
portfolio or which it intends to purchase.
When a futures contract is executed, each party deposits with a broker
or in a segregated custodial account up to 5% or more of the contract amount,
called the "initial margin," and during the term of the contract, the amount of
the deposit is adjusted based on the current value of the futures contract by
payments of variation margin to or from the broker or segregated account.
During a market decline or when Roulston anticipates a decline, each
Fund may hedge a portion of its portfolio by selling futures contracts in order
to limit exposure to the decline. This provides an alternative to liquidation of
securities positions and the corresponding costs of such liquidation.
Conversely, during a market advance or when Roulston anticipates an advance,
each Fund may hedge a portion of its portfolio by purchasing futures. This
affords a hedge against the Fund's not participating in a market advance at a
time when it is not fully invested and serves as a temporary substitute for the
purchase of individual securities which may later be purchased in a more
advantageous manner
The Funds are permitted to engage in bona fide hedging transactions (as
defined in the rules and regulations of the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission) without any quantitative limitations. Futures which are not for bona
fide hedging purposes may be used provided the total amount of the initial
margin and any option premiums attributable to such positions does not exceed 5%
of the Funds' liquidation value after taking into account unrealized profits and
unrealized losses, and excluding any in-the-money option premiums paid. The
Funds will not market, and are not marketing, themselves as a commodity pool or
otherwise as a vehicle for trading in futures and related options. Each Fund
will segregate liquid assets such as cash, U.S. Government securities or other
liquid securities to cover its positions in futures.
There are several risks associated with the use of futures contracts as
hedging techniques. A purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in
losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract. There can be no
guarantee that there will be a correlation between price movements in the
hedging vehicle and in the Fund's securities being hedged. In addition, there
are significant differences between the securities and futures markets that
could result in an imperfect correlation between the markets, causing a given
hedge not to achieve
-15-
<PAGE> 18
its objectives. The degree of imperfection of correlation depends on
circumstances such as variations in speculative market demand for futures,
including technical influences in futures trading, and differences between the
financial instruments being hedged and the instruments underlying the standard
contracts available for trading in such respects as interest rate levels,
maturities. and creditworthiness of issuers. A decision as to whether, when and
how to hedge involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a
well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market
behavior or unexpected interest rate trends.
Futures exchanges may limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in
certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit
establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary
either up or down from the previous day's settlement price at the end of the
current trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures
contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price
beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a
particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the
limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example,
futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several
consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt
liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to
substantial losses.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time
when a Fund seeks to close out a futures contract, and that Fund would remain
obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. In addition,
many of the contracts discussed above are relatively new instruments without a
significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an
active secondary market will develop or continue to exist.
WARRANTS
- --------
These instruments give holders the right, but not the obligation, to
buy shares of a company at a given price during a specified period. Both the
GROWTH FUND and the GROWTH AND INCOME FUND are permitted to invest in warrants.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED-DELIVERY SECURITIES
- -------------------------------------------
Each Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued" or
"delayed-delivery" basis (i.e., for delivery beyond the normal settlement date
at a stated price and yield). These transactions involve the purchase of
securities subject to settlement and delivery beyond the normal settlement date.
The price and yield on these securities is fixed as of the purchase date, and no
interest accrues to the Fund before settlement. These securities are therefore
subject to market rise due to changes in interest rates, and/or market prices,
and, although the purchase of securities on a when-issued basis is not
considered leveraging, it has the effect of leveraging a Fund's assets.
When a Fund agrees to purchase securities on a "when-issued" or
"delayed-delivery" basis, the Funds' custodian will set aside in a separate
account cash or liquid securities equal to the amount of the Funds' commitment.
Normally, the custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy the
purchase commitment, and in such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently
to place additional assets in the separate account in order to assure that the
value of the account remains equal to the amount of such Fund's commitment. It
may be expected that a Fund's net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when
it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than when
it sets aside cash. In addition, because the Fund will set aside cash or liquid
securities to satisfy its purchase commitments in the manner described above,
such Fund's liquidity and the ability of Roulston to manage it might be affected
in the event its commitments to purchase "when-issued" or "delayed-delivery"
securities ever
-16-
<PAGE> 19
exceeded 25% of the value of its assets. Under normal market conditions,
however, a Fund's commitments to purchase "when-issued" or "delayed-delivery"
securities will not exceed 25% of the value of its assets.
The purchase of securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis
involves a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines
prior to the settlement date or if the seller fails to complete the transaction
and the Fund, as a result, misses a price or yield considered to be
advantageous. A Fund will engage in "when-issued" or "delayed-delivery"
transactions only for the purpose of acquiring portfolio securities consistent
with such Fund's investment objectives and policies and not for investment
leverage.
INVESTMENT COMPANY SHARES
- -------------------------
Each Fund may invest up to 10% of the value of its total assets in
securities of other investment companies, including shares of money market
mutual funds. Each Fund intends to invest in the securities of other investment
companies to the extent that Roulston believes that such investment will assist
that Fund in meeting its investment objective, and in money market mutual funds
for purposes of short-term cash management. Since such funds pay management fees
and other expenses, shareholders of a Fund would indirectly pay both Fund
expenses and the expenses of underlying funds with respect to Fund assets
invested therein. Applicable regulations prohibit a Fund from acquiring the
securities of other investment companies if, as a result of such acquisition,
the Fund owns more than 3% of the total voting stock of the acquired investment
company; more than 5% of the Fund's total assets are invested in securities
issued by any one investment company; or more than 10% of the total assets of
the Fund in the aggregate are invested in securities of investment companies as
a group.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
- ------------------
The portfolio turnover rate for each Fund is calculated by dividing the
lesser of that Fund's purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the year by
the monthly average value of the portfolio securities. The calculation excludes
all securities whose remaining maturities at the time of acquisition were one
year or less.
The portfolio turnover rates for the fiscal years ended October 31,
1998 and 1997 for the GROWTH FUND were 52.23% and 41.16% respectively; for the
GROWTH AND INCOME FUND were 40.43% and 42.45%, respectively; and for the
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND were 89.89% and 21.01% respectively. There was an
increase in turnover for the GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND due to expected market
conditions. Maturities were extended to take advantage of the expected decline
in interest rates. The portfolio turnover rate for a Fund may vary greatly from
year to year as well as within a particular year, and may also be affected by
cash requirements for redemptions of Shares. Portfolio turnover will not be a
limiting factor in making investment decisions.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS OF THE FUNDS
-----------------------------------
The investment objective or objectives of each Fund and the investment
limitations described immediately below are fundamental policies of that Fund.
Fundamental objectives and policies cannot be changed with respect to a Fund
without the "vote of a majority of the outstanding shares" of that Fund as that
term is defined below under "SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST -- Voting Rights."
-17-
<PAGE> 20
No Fund may:
1. Purchase securities of any one issuer (except securities issued or
guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities
and repurchase agreements involving such securities) if as a result
more than 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund would be
invested in the securities of such issuer or the Fund would hold more
than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer. This
restriction applies to 75% of a Fund's total assets.
2. Purchase any securities which would cause 25% or more of the total
assets of a Fund to be invested in the securities of one or more
issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same
industry; provided that this limitation does not apply to investments
in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its
agencies and instrumentalities and repurchase agreements involving such
securities. For purposes of this limitation, (i) utility companies will
be divided according to their services; for example, gas distribution,
gas transmission, electric and telephone will each be considered a
separate industry, and (ii) financial service companies will be
classified according to the end users of their services; for example,
automobile finance, bank finance and diversified finance will each be
considered a separate industry.
3. Borrow money or issue senior securities, except that a Fund may borrow
from banks or enter into reverse repurchase agreements for temporary
purposes in amounts not exceeding 10% of the value of its total assets
and except as permitted by rule, regulation or order of the Securities
and Exchange Commission. A Fund will not purchase securities while its
borrowings (including reverse repurchase agreements) exceed 5% of its
total assets.
4. Make loans, except that the Fund may purchase or hold debt instruments
and make time deposits with financial institutions in accordance with
its investment objectives and policies, and the Fund may enter into
repurchase agreements and engage in securities lending, as described in
the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information;
5. Purchase or sell real estate (although investment in marketable
securities of issuers which can invest in real estate or engage in such
activities, securities backed or secured by interests in real estate,
institutions that issue mortgages, or real estate investment trusts
which deal in real estate or interests therein are not prohibited by
this restriction);
6. Purchase securities on margin, except that a Fund may obtain short-term
credit as necessary for the clearance of securities transactions and
except as may be necessary to make margin payments in connection with
derivative securities transactions;
7. Act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers except as it may
be deemed an underwriter under Federal securities laws in selling a
portfolio security; and
8. Purchase or sell commodities or commodities contracts (including future
contracts), except to the extent disclosed in the current Prospectus of
the Fund.
NON-FUNDAMENTAL RESTRICTIONS
- ----------------------------
The following additional investment restrictions of the Funds are
non-fundamental and may be changed by the Trust's Board of Trustees without
shareholder approval. A Fund may not:
-18-
<PAGE> 21
1. Purchase or otherwise acquire any securities, if as a result, more than
15% of that Fund's net assets would be invested in securities that are
illiquid;
2. Engage in any short sales;
3. Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate assets in excess of one third of the
Fund's total assets;
4. Purchase securities of other investment companies except (a) in
connection with a merger, consolidation, acquisition or reorganization,
and (b) to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act and the rules and
regulations thereunder or pursuant to any exemptions therefrom;
If any percentage restriction or requirement described above is
satisfied at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in such
percentage resulting from a change in asset value will not constitute a
violation of such restriction or requirement. However, should a change in net
asset value or other external events cause a Fund's investments in illiquid
securities, including repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven
days, to exceed the limit set forth above for such Fund's investment in illiquid
securities, the Fund will act to cause the aggregate amount of such securities
to come within such limit as soon as reasonably practicable. In such an event,
however, such Fund would not be required to liquidate any portfolio securities
where the Fund would suffer a loss on the sale of such securities.
None of the Funds currently intends to enter into reverse repurchase
agreements during the current fiscal year.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
-----------------------
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST
- ----------------------------------
Overall responsibility for the management of the Trust and the Funds is
vested in the Board of Trustees of the Trust, who will manage the Trust in
accordance with the laws of Ohio governing business trusts. Unless so required
by the Trust's Declaration of Trust or By-Laws or by Ohio law, at any given time
all of the Trustees may not have been elected by the shareholders of the Trust.
Trustees may be removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders in accordance
with the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws of the Trust and
Ohio law. The Board of Trustees elects officers and contracts with and provides
for the compensation of agents, consultants and other professionals to assist
and advise it in the day-to-day operations of the Trust and the Funds.
The Trustees and executive officers of the Trust and their principal
occupations for the last five years are set forth below. Each may have held
other positions with the named companies during that period. Each Trustee who is
an "interested person" of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, is
indicated by an asterisk. Certain officers of the Trust also serve as Directors
and/or officers of Roulston or the Distributor.
-19-
<PAGE> 22
================================================================================
NAME, BUSINESS POSITIONS(S) HELD PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S)
ADDRESS AND AGE WITH THE TRUST DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
--------------- -------------- ----------------------
================================================================================
*Scott D. Roulston Trustee and President President and Director of
4000 Chester Avenue Roulston & Company, Inc. and
Cleveland, Ohio 44103 Roulston Research Corp.
since 1990.
Age: 41
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thomas V. Chema Trustee Partner, Arter & Hadden (law
1100 Huntington Building firm) since April, 1989;
Cleveland, Ohio 44115 since June, 1995, President,
Gateway Consultants Group,
Age: 52 Inc. (sports and related
public facilities
consulting); from June,
1990, to June, 1995,
Executive Director of
Gateway Economic Development
Corp. of Greater Cleveland
(sports and related
facilities public
development company).
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
David B. Gale Trustee Executive Director of North
1700 East 13th Street American Association of
Suite 4PE State and Provincial
Cleveland, Ohio 44114 Lotteries (non-profit
Age: 46 association of sanctioned
lotteries) since March,
1995; President of DBG
Consulting, Inc. (management
consulting firm) since
December, 1994; from August,
1993 to November 1994, Vice
President and General
Manager of Media Drop-In
Productions, Inc.
(marketing/promotions firm).
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Charles A. Kiraly Secretary and Assistant Since May, 1997, Manager of
4000 Chester Avenue Treasurer Mutual Fund Administration
Cleveland, Ohio 44103 and an employee of Roulston
& Company, Inc. since April,
1996; prior thereto, Senior
Age 29 Dealer Services
Representative at BISYS Fund
Services, Ohio, Inc. (mutual
fund services company);
employee at BISYS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-20-
<PAGE> 23
Fund Services, Ohio, Inc.
since May, 1993.
Kevin M. Crotty Treasurer Since June, 1997, Director
4000 Chester Avenue of Finance of Roulston &
Cleveland, Ohio 44103 Company, Inc. and an
employee of Roulston &
Company, Inc. since
November, 1996; from
Age: 37 October, 1993 to October,
1996, Accounting Manager of
Philanthropic and Tax
Planning Department of
Premier Industrial
Corporation (electronic
component distributor).
The Trust pays the fees for unaffiliated Trustees (currently $1,000 per
Board meeting attended and $4,000 per year retainer). The officers and
affiliated Trustees of the Trust receive no compensation for such services, but
those officers who are employees of Roulston receive compensation from Roulston.
The following table sets forth information regarding the total
compensation paid by the Trust to its Trustees for their services as Trustees
during the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998. The Trust has no pension or
retirement plans.
COMPENSATION TABLE:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
================================================================================
AGGREGATE TOTAL COMPENSATION
NAME AND POSITION COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST AND
WITH THE TRUST FROM THE TRUST THE FUND COMPLEX *
-------------- -------------- ------------------
================================================================================
<S> <C> <C>
Scott D. Roulston,
Chairman $ 0 $ 0
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thomas V. Chema,
Trustee $8,000 $8,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
David B. Gale
Trustee $8,000 $8,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
David H. Gunning,**
Trustee $4,000 $4,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ivan J. Winfield,**
Trustee $4,000 $4,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
* For purposes of this Table, Fund Complex means one or more mutual funds,
including the Funds, which have a common investment adviser or affiliated
investment advisers or which hold
-21-
<PAGE> 24
themselves out to the public as being related. The Funds are currently
the only members of their Fund Complex.
** Effective July 21, 1998, Messrs. Gunning and Winfield resigned from the
Board of Trustees.
Mr. Roulston owned approximately 1.5% of the GROWTH FUND, 1.6% of the
GROWTH AND INCOME FUND and 1.2% of the GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND. As of the
date hereof, all Trustees and Officers of the Trust, as a group, except for Mr.
Roulston, owned fewer than one percent of the shares of each of the Funds.
PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
-------------------------------
Listed below are the names and addresses of those shareholders and
accounts who, as of December 1, 1998, owned of record or beneficially 5% or more
of the shares of a Fund.
Persons or organizations owning 25% or more of the outstanding shares
of a Fund may be presumed to "control" (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act)
a Fund. As a result, these persons or organizations could have the ability to
approve or reject those matters submitted to the shareholders of such Fund for
their approval.
FAIRPORT GROWTH FUND:
- ---------------------
Shareholder(s) Percentage Owned
-------------- ----------------
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. 11.55%
Special Custody Account (of record)
Attn: Mutual Funds
101 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, CA 94104
FAIRPORT GROWTH AND INCOME FUND:
- --------------------------------
Shareholder(s) Percentage Owned
-------------- ----------------
National City Bank Northeast 19.67%
Trustee, Alphabet Inc. Profit Sharing (beneficially)
ATTN: Mutual Funds
P.O. Box 94984
Cleveland, OH 44101
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. 16.24%
Special Custody A/C for BNFT CUST (of record)
ATTN: Mutual Funds
101 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, CA 94104
-22-
<PAGE> 25
National City Bank Northeast 12.22%
Trustee, Alphabet Inc. Money Purchase (beneficially)
ATTN: Mutual Funds
P.O. Box 94984
Cleveland, OH 44101
FAIRPORT GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND:
- ------------------------------------
Shareholder(s) Percentage Owned
-------------- ----------------
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. 41.28%
Special Custody A/C for BNFT CUST (of record)
101 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, CA 94104
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
--------------------------------------
THE INVESTMENT ADVISER
- ----------------------
Roulston is controlled directly and indirectly by Thomas H. Roulston
and members of his immediate family. Thomas Roulston is the Chairman of Roulston
and is a portfolio manager of the GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND. Scott D. Roulston,
Trustee and President of the Trust, is President and a Director of Roulston.
Roulston Research Corp., the distributor of the Funds of the Trust, is a
wholly-owned subsidiary of Roulston.
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998, Roulston earned and
voluntarily waived the amounts indicated below with respect to its investment
advisory services to the Funds.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
================================================================================
GROSS ADVISORY NET
ADVISORY FEES ADVISORY
FUND FEES EARNED WAIVED FEES RECEIVED
---- ----------- ------ -------------
================================================================================
<S> <C> <C> <C>
GROWTH FUND $581,223 $34,063 $547,160
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GROWTH AND INCOME FUND $260,482 $16,411 $244,071
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND $11,854 $11,854 $0
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTALS $853,559 $62,328 $791,231
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 1997, Roulston earned and
voluntarily waived the amounts indicated below with respect to its investment
advisory services to the Funds.
-23-
<PAGE> 26
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
================================================================================
GROSS ADVISORY NET
ADVISORY FEES ADVISORY
FUND FEES EARNED WAIVED FEES RECEIVED
---- ----------- ------ -------------
================================================================================
<S> <C> <C> <C>
GROWTH FUND $513,898 $136,636 $377,262
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GROWTH AND INCOME FUND $204,420 $ 72,293 $132,127
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND $ 11,697 $ 11,697 $ 0
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTALS $730,015 $220,626 $509,389
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 1996, Roulston earned and
voluntarily waived the amounts indicated below with respect to its investment
advisory services to the Funds.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
================================================================================
GROSS ADVISORY NET
ADVISORY FEES ADVISORY
FUND FEES EARNED WAIVED FEES RECEIVED
---- ----------- ------ -------------
================================================================================
<S> <C> <C> <C>
GROWTH FUND $417,458 $169,950 $247,508
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GROWTH AND INCOME FUND $184,723 $ 81,095 $103,628
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND $ 18,674 $ 18,674 $ 0
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTALS $620,855 $269,719 $351,136
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
Roulston voluntarily has agreed to waive its fees and reimburse fund expenses to
the extent necessary to keep total fund operating expenses from exceeding 1.35%
for the GROWTH FUND, 1.50% for THE GROWTH AND INCOME FUND, and 0.90% for the
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND. Waivers and reimbursements will continue until
further notice to shareholders.
THE DISTRIBUTOR
- ---------------
Roulston Research Corp., 4000 Chester Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44103 (the
"Distributor") is a wholly owned subsidiary of Roulston, and the distributor for
the Funds of the Trust. Pursuant to a Distribution Agreement, the Distributor
acts as agent for the Funds in the distribution of their shares on a continuous
basis and, in such capacity, solicits orders for the sale of shares, advertises
and pays the costs and expenses associated with such advertising. The
Distributor receives no compensation for distribution of shares of the Funds
under the Distribution Agreement, but receives payments under the Trust's
Distribution and Shareholder Service Plan described below. There are no sales
charges imposed by the Distributor upon the purchase or redemption of shares of
the Funds.
DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICE PLAN
- -----------------------------------------
The Trust has adopted a Distribution and Shareholder Service Plan (the
"Plan") pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act under which each Fund is
authorized to pay compensate the Distributor for payments it makes to
broker-dealers, banks and other institutions (collectively, "Participating
-24-
<PAGE> 27
Organizations") for providing distribution or shareholder service assistance, or
for distribution assistance and/or shareholder service provided by the
Distributor. Payments to such Participating Organizations may be made pursuant
to agreements entered into with the Distributor. The Plan authorizes each Fund
to make payments to the Distributor in an amount not in excess, on an annual
basis, of 0.25% of the average daily net asset value of that Fund.
As authorized by the Plan, the Distributor has agreed to provide
certain distribution and shareholder services in connection with shares
purchased and held by the Distributor for the accounts of its customers and
shares purchased and held by customers of the Distributor directly, including,
but not limited to, answering shareholder questions concerning the Funds,
marketing of the Funds, providing information to shareholders on their
investments in the Funds and providing such personnel and communication
equipment as is necessary and appropriate to accomplish such matters. Fees paid
are borne solely by the applicable Fund. Such fees may exceed the actual costs
incurred by the Distributor in providing such services.
As required by Rule 12b-1, the Plan was approved by the initial sole
shareholder of each Fund and by the Board of Trustees, including a majority of
the Trustees who are not interested persons of that Fund and who have no direct
or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan (the "Independent
Trustees"). The Plan may be terminated as to a Fund by vote of a majority of the
Independent Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of that
Fund. Any change in the Plan that would materially increase the distribution
cost to a Fund requires shareholder approval. The Trustees review quarterly a
written report of such costs and the purposes for which such costs have been
incurred. The Plan may be amended by a vote of the Trustees, including a
majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for
that purpose. For so long as the Plan is in effect, selection and nomination of
those Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust shall be committed to
the discretion of such disinterested persons. All agreements with any person
relating to the implementation of the Plan with respect to a Fund may be
terminated at any time upon 60 days' written notice without payment of any
penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by a vote of the
majority of the outstanding shares of such Fund.
The Plan continues in effect for successive one-year periods, provided
that each such continuance is specifically approved (i) by the vote of a
majority of the Independent Trustees, and (ii) by a vote of a majority of the
entire Board of Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose.
The Board of Trustees has a duty to request and evaluate such information as may
be reasonably necessary for them to make an informed determination of whether
the Plan should be implemented or continued. In addition the Trustees in
approving the Plan must determine that there is a reasonable likelihood that the
Plan will benefit the Funds and their shareholders.
The Board of Trustees of the Trust believes that the Plan is in the
best interests of the Funds since it encourages Fund growth and retention of
Fund assets. As a Fund grows in size, certain expenses, and therefore total
expenses per share, may be reduced and overall performance per share may be
improved.
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998, such fees totaled $289,915,
all of which were paid to the Distributor for the services described above. The
amounts incurred with respect to each Fund during such period are set forth
below:
-25-
<PAGE> 28
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
==================================================
AMOUNTS
INCURRED
PURSUANT
FUND TO 12B-1 PLAN
---- -------------
==================================================
<S> <C>
GROWTH FUND $192,062
--------------------------------------------------
GROWTH AND INCOME FUND $ 86,093
--------------------------------------------------
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND $ 11,760
--------------------------------------------------
TOTAL $289,915
--------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
In addition, the Distributor has entered into Rule 12b-1 Agreements
with selected dealers pursuant to which such dealers agree to provide certain
shareholder services and distribution assistance including, but not limited to,
those discussed above.
THE ADMINISTRATOR
- -----------------
First Data Investor Services Group, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of
First Data Corporation, 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA 01581, serves as
Administrator for the Funds and the Trust. The Administrator assists in
supervising all operations of each Fund (other than those performed by Roulston,
by UMB Bank, n.a. as the Custodian, and by the Administrator under the
Accounting Services Agreement, the Transfer Agent Services Agreement and the
Custody Administration and Agency Agreement).
Under an Administration Agreement, the Administrator has agreed to
furnish statistical and research data, clerical, and certain bookkeeping
services; prepare the periodic reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the "Commission") on Form N-SAR or any replacement forms therefor; prepare
compliance filings pursuant to state securities laws with the advice of the
Trust's counsel; assist to the extent requested by the Trust with the Trust's
preparation of its Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders and its
Registration Statement (on Form N-1A or any replacement therefor); compile data
for, prepare and file timely Notices to the Commission required pursuant to Rule
24f-2 under the 1940 Act; keep and maintain the financial accounts and records
of each Fund, including calculation of daily expense accruals; and generally
assist in all aspects of the Funds' operations other than those performed by
Roulston, by UMB Bank, n.a. as Custodian and by the Administrator under the
Accounting Services Agreement, the Transfer Agent Services Agreement and the
Custody Administration and Agency Agreement.
The Administrator receives a fee from each Fund for its services as
Administrator and expenses assumed pursuant to the Administration Agreement
equal to a fee, calculated daily and paid monthly, at the annual rate, subject
to a minimum annual fee of $55,000 for the first series and $12,000 for each
additional domestic series, calculated as follows:
.15% On the First $50 Million of Total Average Net Assets; .10% On the
Next $50 Million of Total Average Net Assets; and .05% Of Total Average
Net Assets in Excess of $100 Million of Average Net Assets.
The Administrator also receives certain out-of-pocket expenses.
-26-
<PAGE> 29
For the fiscal years indicated below, Investor Services Group earned
the following amounts with respect to administrative services provided to the
Funds:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
================================================================================
11/01/97 11/01/96 11/01/95
TO TO TO
FUND 10/31/98 10/31/97 10/31/96
----
================================================================================
<S> <C> <C> <C>
GROWTH FUND $ 91,176 $ 85,926 $ 75,644
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GROWTH AND INCOME FUND $ 40,204 $ 34,406 $ 33,436
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND $ 5,257 $ 6,056 $ 10,062
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL $136,637 $126,388 $119,142
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
TRANSFER AGENT AND FUND ACCOUNTANT
- ----------------------------------
First Data Investor Services Group, Inc. also serves as the transfer
and dividend disbursing agent for each Fund and provides certain fund accounting
services to each of the Funds.
Such fund accounting services include maintaining the accounting books
and records for each Fund, including journals containing an itemized daily
record of all purchases and sales of portfolio securities, all receipts and
disbursements of cash and all other debits and credits, general and auxiliary
ledgers reflecting all asset, liability, reserve, capital, income and expense
accounts, including interest accrued and interest received, and other required
separate ledger accounts; maintaining a monthly trial balance of all ledger
accounts; performing certain accounting services for each Fund, including
calculation of the net asset value per share, calculation of the dividend and
capital gain distributions, if any, and of yield, reconciliation of cash
movements with such Fund's custodian, affirmation to that Fund's custodian of
all portfolio trades and cash settlements, verification and reconciliation with
that Fund's custodian of all daily trade activity; providing certain reports;
obtaining dealer quotations, prices from a pricing service or matrix prices on
all portfolio securities in order to mark the portfolio to the market; and
preparing an interim balance sheet, statement of income and expense, and
statement of changes in net assets for each Fund. In consideration for such
services, each Fund has agreed to pay First Data Investor Services, Group, Inc.
a fee, computed daily and paid periodically, at an annual rate calculated as
follows:
$24,000 Minimum to $20 Million of Average Net Assets; .04% On the next
$30 Million of Average Net Assets; .03% On the Next $50 Million of
Average Net Assets; .01% Over $100 Million of Average Net Assets.
For the fiscal years indicated below, Investor Services Group earned
the following amounts with respect to administrative services provided to the
Funds:
-27-
<PAGE> 30
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
================================================================================
11/01/97 11/01/96 11/01/95
TO TO TO
FUND 10/31/98 10/31/97 10/31/96
================================================================================
<S> <C> <C> <C>
GROWTH FUND $44,080 $42,495 $39,023
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GROWTH AND INCOME FUND $29,944 $27,573 $26,857
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND $24,353 $25,315 $25,267
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL $98,377 $95,383 $91,147
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
THE CUSTODIAN
- -------------
UMB Bank, n.a., 928 Grand Avenue, Kansas City, Missouri 64141, serves
as the Funds' Custodian pursuant to a Custody Agreement. In such capacity, the
Custodian holds or arranges for the holding of all portfolio securities and
other assets of the Funds.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
- --------------------
McCurdy & Associates CPA's, Inc., 27955 Clemens Road, Westlake, OH
44145, serves as independent auditors for the Funds. The audited financial
statements and notes thereto for each Fund, contained in the Annual Report to
Shareholders dated October 31, 1998, are incorporated by reference into this
Statement of Additional Information and have been audited by McCurdy &
Associates CPA's, Inc., whose report also appears in the Annual Report and is
also incorporated by reference herein. No other parts of the Annual Report are
incorporated by reference herein. Such financial statements and notes thereto
have been incorporated herein in reliance on the report of McCurdy & Associates
CPA's, Inc., independent auditors, given on the authority of said firm as
experts in auditing and accounting.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS
------------------------------------------------
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
- ----------------------
Roulston is authorized to select brokers and dealers to effect
securities transactions for the Funds. Roulston will seek to obtain the most
favorable net results by taking into account various factors, including price,
commission, if any, size of the transactions and difficulty of executions, the
firm's general execution and operational facilities and the firm's risk in
positioning the securities involved. While Roulston generally seeks reasonably
competitive spreads or commissions, a Fund will not necessarily be paying the
lowest spread or commission available. Roulston seeks to select brokers or
dealers that offer a Fund best price and execution or other services which are
of benefit to the Fund.
BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS
- ---------------------
Roulston may, consistent with the interests of the Funds, select
brokers on the basis of the research services they provide to Roulston. Such
services may include analyses of the business or prospects of a company,
industry or economic sector, or statistical and pricing services. Information so
received by Roulston will be in addition to and not in lieu of the services
required to be performed by
-28-
<PAGE> 31
Roulston under the Advisory Agreement. If, in the judgment of Roulston, a Fund
or other accounts managed by Roulston will be benefited by supplemental research
services, Roulston is authorized to pay brokerage commissions to a broker
furnishing such services which are in excess of commissions which another broker
may have charged for effecting the same transaction. These research services
include advice, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the
value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling
securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of
securities; furnishing of analyses and reports concerning issuers, securities or
industries; providing information on economic factors and trends; assisting in
determining portfolio strategy; providing computer software used in security
analyses; and providing portfolio performance evaluation and technical market
analyses. The expenses of Roulston will not necessarily be reduced as a result
of the receipt of such supplemental information, such services may not be used
exclusively, or at all, with respect to the Fund or account generating the
brokerage, and there can be no guarantee that Roulston will find all of such
services of value in advising the Funds.
Roulston has an arrangement with Thompson Institutional Services, Inc.
("Thompson") whereby Roulston receives specific research products known as First
Call, ALERT, Research Direct, Baseline, HOLT, STOCK VAL, and Muller Data in
exchange for placing trades on behalf of privately managed accounts and the
Funds. During the period November 1, 1997 through October 31, 1998, the
following transactions were placed with Merrill Lynch/Dayton (MLDAYTON), the
executing broker-dealer for Thompson during such period. The Growth & Income
Fund placed 52 trades for shares totaling 390,500 with a commission rate of
$0.06 per share for a total commission of $24,460 with MLDAYTON. The GROWTH FUND
placed 40 trades for shares totaling 621,300 with a commission rate of $0.06 per
share for a total commission of $37,278 with MLDAYTON.
Under the provisions of the 1940 Act, the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 and rules promulgated by the Commission thereunder, the Distributor is
permitted to receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio
transactions for a Fund on an exchange if written procedures approved by the
Trust's Board of Trustees are in effect expressly permitting the Distributor to
receive and retain such compensation. The Trustees, including those who are not
"interested persons" of the Trust, have adopted procedures for evaluating the
reasonableness of commissions paid to the Distributor and have reviewed these
procedures periodically. The rules of the Commission and such procedures require
that commissions paid to the Distributor by a Fund for exchange transactions not
exceed "usual and customary" brokerage commissions. "Usual and customary"
commissions are defined to include amounts which are "reasonable and fair
compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received
by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar
securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable
period of time."
Since the Funds' inception, the Distributor had so effected portfolio
transactions for the Funds; however, the Distributor has not done so since
February, 1996 and does not expect to do so in the future. In addition, a Fund
may direct commission business to one or more designated broker/dealers, in
connection with such broker/dealer's payment of certain of a Fund's or the
Trust's expenses.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996, the total
brokerage commissions attributable to each Fund are set forth below.
-29-
<PAGE> 32
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
================================================================================
11/01/97 11/01/96 11/01/95
TO TO TO
FUND 10/31/98 10/31/97 10/31/96
---- -------- -------- --------
================================================================================
<S> <C> <C> <C>
GROWTH FUND $150,490 $ 74,304 $122,870
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GROWTH AND INCOME FUND $ 47,652 $ 33,625 $ 33,208
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND $ 0 $ 0 $ 0
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTALS $198,142 $107,929 $156,078*
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
* Of this amount, $42,316 was paid to the Distributor, which represents
27% of the total commissions paid by the Trust to all brokers through
whom trades were placed during the period. In addition, 19% of the
Trust's aggregate dollar amount of transactions were effected through
the Distributor.
NET ASSET VALUE
---------------
As indicated in the Prospectus, the net asset value of each Fund is
determined and the shares of each Fund are priced as of the earlier of 4:00
p.m., Eastern Time, or the close of regular trading on the New York Stock
Exchange (the "Exchange"), on each Business Day. A "Business Day" is any day the
Exchange is open for regular business. Currently the Exchange is closed in
observance of the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr.
Day, President's Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day,
Thanksgiving and Christmas Day.
Valuations of securities purchased by the Funds are supplied by
independent pricing services used by Investor Services Group, as administrator,
which have been approved by the Trustees of the Trust. Equity securities which
are listed or admitted to trading on a national securities exchange or other
market trading system which reports actual transaction prices on a
contemporaneous basis will be valued at the last sales price on the exchange on
which the security is principally traded. Equity securities for which there is
no sale on that day and equity securities traded only in the over-the-counter
market will be valued at their closing bid prices obtained from one or more
dealers making markets for such securities or, if market quotations are not
readily available, at their fair value as determined in good faith by the Board
of Trustees.
Valuations of fixed and variable income securities ("debt securities")
are based upon a consideration of yields or prices of obligations of comparable
quality, coupon, maturity and type, indications at to value from recognized
dealers, and general market conditions. The pricing services may use electronic
data processing techniques and/or a computerized matrix system to determine
valuations. Debt securities for which market quotations are readily available
are valued based upon those quotations.
The procedures used by the pricing service are reviewed by the officers
of the Trust under the general supervision of the Trustees. The Trustees may
deviate from the valuation provided by the pricing service whenever, in their
judgment, such valuation is not indicative of the fair value of the debt
security. In such instances the debt security will be valued at fair value as
determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Trustees.
-30-
<PAGE> 33
ADDITIONAL PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
The Funds' shares may be purchased at the public offering price, which
is the net asset value next computed, and are sold on a continuous basis through
the Distributor, principal underwriter of the Funds' shares, at its address and
number set forth under the heading "The Distributor", and through other
broker-dealers who are members of the National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc. and have sales agreements with the Distributor.
The Trust has authorized one or more brokers to accept on its behalf
purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designated other
intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on the Trust's behalf.
The Trust will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an
authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker's authorized designee, accepts the
order and that orders will be priced at the Fund's Net Asset Value next computed
after they are accepted by an authorized broker or the broker's authorized
designee.
The Funds reserve the right to pay redemptions in kind with portfolio
securities in lieu of cash. In accordance with its election pursuant to Rule
18f-1 under the 1940 Act, the Funds may limit the amount of redemption proceeds
paid in cash. The Funds may, under normal circumstances, limit redemptions in
cash with respect to each shareholder during any ninety-day period to the lesser
of (i) $250,000 or (ii) 1% of the net asset value of the Fund at the beginning
of such period. A shareholder may incur brokerage costs if the securities
received were sold.
The Trust may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of
payment for shares during any period when (a) trading on the Exchange is
restricted by applicable rules and regulations of the Commission, (b) the
Exchange is closed for other than customary weekend and holiday closings, (c)
the Commission has by order permitted such suspension, or (d) an emergency
exists as a result of which (i) disposal by the Trust of securities owned by it
is not reasonably practical or (ii) it is not reasonably practical for the Trust
to determine the fair value of its net assets.
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN
- --------------------------
Each Fund offers a Systematic Withdrawal Plan ("SWP") if you wish to
receive regular distributions from your account in that Fund. However, before
you can utilize the SWP, your account in the Fund must have a current value of
$10,000 or more, your dividend and distributions must be automatically
reinvested and your requested distribution must be $100 or more made on a
monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis.
Your automatic payments under the SWP will either be made by check
mailed to your address as shown on the books of the Transfer Agent or via ACH to
your bank account designated on your Account Application form. An application
form for the SWP may be obtained by calling the Distributor or Transfer Agent at
1-800-332-6459 (1-800-3-FAMILY). You may change or cancel the SWP at any time,
upon written notice to the Transfer Agent at least five days prior to SWP
withdrawal date for which you want such change or cancellation.
Please note that if your redemptions from a Fund exceed your dividends
from that Fund, your invested principal in the account may decrease. Thus
depending on the frequency and amounts of the withdrawals and/or any
fluctuations in the net asset value per share, your original investment could be
exhausted entirely using the SWP.
-31-
<PAGE> 34
TAXES
-----
Each Fund intends to qualify as a "regulated investment company" under
the Code for so long as such qualification is in the best interest of that
Fund's shareholders. In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, a
Fund must, among other things: derive at least 90% of its gross income from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from
the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other
income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock,
securities, or currencies; and diversify its investments within certain
prescribed limits. In addition, to utilize the tax provisions specially
applicable to regulated investment companies, a Fund must distribute to its
shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income for the year.
In general, a Fund's investment company taxable income will be its taxable
income subject to certain adjustments and excluding the excess of any net
long-term capital gain for the taxable year over the net short-term capital
loss, if any, for such year. If any Fund fails to qualify as a regulated
investment company under the Code, the Fund would be required to pay federal
income taxes like a corporation.
A non-deductible 4% excise tax is imposed on regulated investment
companies that do not distribute in each calendar year (regardless of whether
they otherwise have a non-calendar taxable year) an amount equal to 98% of their
ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98% of their capital gain net income
for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such calendar year. The balance
of such income must be distributed during the next calendar year. If
distributions during a calendar year were less than the required amount, such
Fund would be subject to a non-deductible excise tax equal to 4% of the
deficiency.
Although each Fund expects to qualify as a "regulated investment
company" and to be relieved of all or substantially all Federal income taxes,
depending upon the extent of its activities in states and localities in which
its offices are maintained, in which its agents or independent contractors are
located, or in which it is otherwise deemed to be conducting business, a Fund
may be subject to the tax laws of such states or localities. In addition, if for
any taxable year a Fund does not qualify for the special tax treatment afforded
regulated investment companies, all of its taxable income will be subject to
Federal tax at regular corporate rates (without any deduction for distributions
to its shareholders). In such event, dividend distributions would be taxable to
shareholders to the extent of earnings and profits, and would be eligible for
the dividends received deduction for corporations.
It is expected that each Fund will distribute annually to shareholders
all or substantially all of that Fund's net ordinary income and net realized
capital gains and that such distributed net ordinary income and distributed net
realized capital gains will be taxable income to shareholders for Federal income
tax purposes, even if paid in additional shares of the Fund and not in cash.
Distribution by a Fund of the excess of net long-term capital gain over
net short-term capital loss, if any, is taxable to shareholders as long-term
capital gain in the year in which it is received, regardless of how long the
shareholder has held the shares. Such distributions are not eligible for the
dividends-received deduction.
Federal taxable income of individuals is subject to graduated tax rates
of 15%, 28%, 31%, 36% and 39.6%. Further, the marginal tax rate may be in excess
of 39.6%, because adjustments reduce or eliminate the benefit of the personal
exemption and itemized deductions for individuals with gross income in excess of
certain threshold amounts.
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<PAGE> 35
Long-term capital gains of individuals are subject to a maximum tax
rate of 20% (10% for individuals in the 15% ordinary income tax bracket).
Capital losses may be used to offset capital gains. In addition, individuals may
deduct up to $3,000 of net capital loss each year to offset ordinary income.
Excess net capital loss may be carried forward to future years. The holding
period for long-term capital gains is more than one year.
Federal taxable income of corporations in excess of $75,000 up to $10
million is subject to a 34% tax rate; however, because the benefit of lower tax
rates on a corporation's taxable income of less than $75,000 is phased out for
corporations with income in excess of $100,000 but lower than $335,000, a
maximum marginal tax rate of 39% may result. Federal taxable income of
corporations in excess of $10 million is subject to a tax rate of 35%. Further,
a corporation's Federal taxable income in excess of $15 million is subject to an
additional tax equal to 3% of taxable income over $15 million, but not more than
$100,000.
Capital gains of corporations are subject to tax at the same rates
applicable to ordinary income. Capital losses may be used only to offset capital
gains and excess net capital loss may be carried back three years and forward
five years.
Certain corporations are entitled to a 70% dividends received deduction
for distributions from certain domestic corporations. Each Fund will designate
the portion of any distributions which qualify for the 70% dividends received
deduction. The amount so designated may not exceed the amount received by that
Fund for its taxable year that qualifies for the dividends received deduction.
Foreign taxes may be imposed on a Fund by foreign countries with
respect to its income from foreign securities. Since less than 50% in value of
any one Fund's total assets at the end of its fiscal year are expected to be
invested in stocks or securities of foreign corporations, such Fund will not be
entitled under the Code to pass through to its shareholders their pro-rata share
of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. These taxes will be taken as a deduction
by such Fund.
Each Fund may be required by Federal law to withhold and remit to the
U.S. Treasury 31% of taxable dividends, if any, and capital gain distributions
paid to any shareholder, and the proceeds of redemption or the values of any
exchanges of shares of a Fund, if such shareholder (1) fails to furnish the
Trust with a correct tax identification number, (2) under-reports dividend or
interest income, or (3) fails to certify to the Fund that he or she is not
subject to such withholding. An individual's taxpayer identification number is
his or her Social Security Number.
Information set forth in the Prospectus and this Statement of
Additional Information which relates to Federal taxation is only a summary of
some of the important Federal tax considerations generally affecting purchasers
of shares of a Fund. No attempt has been made to present a detailed explanation
of the Federal income tax treatment of a Fund or its shareholders and this
discussion is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.
Accordingly, potential purchasers of shares of a Fund are urged to consult their
tax advisers with specific reference to their own tax situation. In addition,
the tax discussion in the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional
Information is based on tax laws and regulations which are in effect on the date
of the Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information; such laws and
regulations may be changed by legislative or administrative action.
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<PAGE> 36
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
-----------------------
From time to time, each Fund may advertise its yield and total return.
THESE FIGURES WILL BE BASED ON HISTORICAL EARNINGS AND ARE NOT INTENDED TO
INDICATE FUTURE PERFORMANCE. No representation can be made regarding future
yields or returns.
The yield of a Fund refers to the annualized income generated by an
investment in the Fund over a specified 30-day period. The "total return" or
"average annual total return" of a Fund reflects the change in the value of an
investment in a Fund over a stated period of time. Total returns and average
annual returns measure both the net investment income from and any realized or
unrealized appreciation or depreciation of a Fund's holdings for a stated period
and assume that the entire investment is redeemed at the end of each period and
the reinvestment of all dividends and capital gain distributions.
The yield of a Fund will be computed by annualizing net investment
income per share for a recent 30-day period and dividing that amount by a
share's maximum offering price (reduced by any undeclared earned income expected
to be paid shortly as a dividend) on the last trading day of that period. Net
investment income will reflect amortization of any market value premium or
discount of fixed income securities (except for obligations backed by mortgages
or other assets) and may include recognition of a pro rata portion of the stated
dividend rate of dividend paying portfolio securities. The yield of a Fund will
vary from time to time depending upon market conditions, the composition of the
Fund's portfolio and operating expenses of the Trust allocated to the Fund.
These factors and possible differences in the methods used in calculating yield
should be considered when comparing a Fund's yield to yields published for other
investment companies and other investment vehicles. Yield should also be
considered relative to changes in the value of a Fund's shares and to the
relative risks associated with the investment objective and policies of such
Fund.
For the 30-day period ended October 31, 1998, the yields for the GROWTH
FUND, GROWTH AND INCOME FUND and GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND were .30%, 0.0%, and
3.96%, respectively.
CALCULATION OF TOTAL RETURN
- ---------------------------
Each quotation of average annual total return will be computed by
finding the average annual compounded rate of return over that period which
would equate the value of an initial amount of $1,000 invested in a Fund equal
to the ending redeemable value, according to the following formula:
P(T + 1)n = ERV
Where: P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000, T = average annual
total return, n = number of years, and ERV = ending redeemable value of a
hypothetical $1,000 payment at the beginning of the period at the end of the
period for which average annual total return is being calculated assuming a
complete redemption. The calculation of average annual total return assumes the
deduction of the maximum sales charge, if any, from the initial investment of
$1,000, assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at the price
stated in the then effective Prospectus on the reinvestment dates during the
period and includes all recurring fees that are charged to all shareholder
accounts assuming such Fund's average account size.
For the following periods ended October 31, 1998, the average annual
total returns for the Funds were as follows:
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<PAGE> 37
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
================================================================================
FUND SINCE
---- 1 YEAR 5 YEAR INCEPTION*
================================================================================
<S> <C> <C> <C>
GROWTH FUND -7.73% 12.98% 14.32%
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GROWTH AND INCOME FUND -1.20% 14.32% 14.20%
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES FUND 10.61% 5.62% 5.85%
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
* Each of the Funds commenced on July 1, 1993.
At any time in the future, yields and total return may be higher or
lower than past yields and total return and there can be no assurance that any
historical results will continue. Investors in the Funds are specifically
advised that share prices, expressed as the net asset values per share, will
vary just as yields and total return will vary.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS
- -----------------------
The performance of a Fund may periodically be compared with that of
other mutual funds or broad groups of comparable mutual funds tracked by mutual
fund rating services (such as Lipper Analytical Services, Inc.) and financial
and business publications and periodicals. In addition, a Fund's performance may
be compared with unmanaged indices of various investments for which reliable
performance data is available. These may assume investment of dividends but
generally do not reflect deductions for administrative and management costs. The
performance of a Fund may also be compared in various publications to averages,
performance rankings or other information prepared by recognized mutual fund
statistical services. A Fund may quote Morningstar, Inc., a service that ranks
mutual funds on the basis of risk-adjusted performance, or Ibbotson Associates
of Chicago, Illinois, which provides historical returns of the capital markets
in the United States. A Fund may use the long-term performance of these capital
markets to demonstrate general long-term risk versus reward scenarios and could
include the value of a hypothetical investment in any of the capital markets.
A Fund may also quote financial and business publications and
periodicals, such as SMART MONEY, as they relate to Trust management, investment
philosophy, and investment techniques A Fund may also quote from time to time
various measures of volatility and benchmark correlations in advertising and may
compare these measures with those of other mutual funds. Measures of volatility
attempt to compare historical share price fluctuations or total returns to a
benchmark while measures of benchmark correlation indicate how valid a
comparative benchmark might be. Measures of volatility and correlation are
calculated using averages of historical data and cannot be calculated precisely.
SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST
-----------------------------
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
- ---------------------
The Trust's Declaration of Trust authorizes the Board of Trustees to
issue an unlimited number of shares, which are units of beneficial interest,
without par value. The Trust presently has three series of shares, which
represent interests in the Funds. The Trust's Declaration of Trust authorizes
the Board of Trustees to divide or redivide any unissued shares of the Trust
into one or more additional series by setting or changing in any one or more
respects their respective preferences, conversion or other rights,
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<PAGE> 38
voting power, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications, and
terms and conditions of redemption.
Shares have no subscription or preemptive rights and only such
conversion or exchange rights as the Board of Trustees may grant in its
discretion. When issued for payment as described in the Prospectus and this
Statement of Additional Information, a Fund's shares will be fully paid and
non-assessable. In the event of a liquidation or dissolution of the Trust,
shareholders of a Fund are entitled to receive the assets available for
distribution belonging to that Fund, and a proportionate distribution, based
upon the relative asset values of the respective Fund, of any general assets not
belonging to any particular Fund which are available for distribution. As used
in the Prospectus and in this Statement of Additional Information, "assets
belonging to a Fund" means the consideration received by a Fund upon the
issuance or sale of shares in that Fund, together with all income, earnings,
profits, and proceeds derived from the investment thereof, including any
proceeds from the sale, exchange, or liquidation of such investments, and any
funds or amounts derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds, and any general
asset of the Trust not readily identified as belonging to a particular Fund that
is allocated to the Fund by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Board of Trustees
may allocate such general assets in any manner it deems fair and equitable.
Determinations by the Board of Trustees of the Trust as to the timing of the
allocation of general liabilities and expenses and as to the timing and
allocable portion of any general assets with respect to the Funds are
conclusive.
VOTING RIGHTS
- -------------
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each dollar of value invested
and a proportionate fractional vote for any fraction of a dollar invested, and
will vote in the aggregate with other shareholders of the Trust and not by Fund
except as otherwise expressly required by law. However, shareholders of a Fund
will vote as a portfolio, and not in the aggregate with other shareholders of
the Trust, for purposes of approval of amendments to that Fund's investment
advisory agreement or any of that Fund's fundamental policies.
The Trust does not expect to have an annual or special meeting of
shareholders except, under certain circumstances, when the Declaration of Trust,
the 1940 Act or other authority requires such a meeting, such as the election or
removal of Trustees or certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust or the
investment advisory agreement.
The Trust has represented to the Commission that the Trustees will call
a special meeting of shareholders for purposes of considering the removal of one
or more Trustees upon written request thereof from shareholders holding not less
than 10% of the outstanding votes of the Trust and that the Trust will assist in
communications with other shareholders as required by Section 16(c) of the 1940
Act. At such meeting, a quorum of shareholders (constituting a majority of votes
attributable to all outstanding shares of the Trust), by majority vote, has the
power to remove one or more Trustees.
A "vote of a majority of the outstanding shares" of a Fund means the
affirmative vote, at a meeting of shareholders duly called, of the lesser of (a)
67% or more of the votes of shareholders of that Fund present at a meeting at
which the holders of more than 50% of the votes attributable to shareholders of
record of that Fund are represented in person or by proxy, or (b) the holders of
more than 50% of the outstanding votes of shareholders of that Fund.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required to be
submitted to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment
company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have
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<PAGE> 39
been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the
outstanding shares of each series affected by the matter. For purposes of
determining whether the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of a
series will be required in connection with a matter, a series will be deemed to
be affected by a matter unless it is clear that the interests of each series in
the matter are identical, or that the matter does not affect any interest of the
series. Under Rule 18f-2, the approval of any amendment to the Advisory
Agreement or any change in investment policy submitted to shareholders would be
effectively acted upon with respect to a series only if approved by a majority
of the outstanding shares of such series. However, Rule 18f-2 also provides that
the ratification of independent public accountants, the approval of principal
underwriting contracts, and the election of Trustees may be effectively acted
upon by shareholders of the Trust voting without regard to series.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
--------------------
The audited financial statements and notes thereto for each Fund,
contained in the Annual Report to Shareholders dated October 31, 1998, are
incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information and have
been audited by McCurdy & Associates CPA's, Inc., whose report also appears in
the Annual Report and is also incorporated by reference herein. No other parts
of the Annual Report are incorporated by reference herein.
-37-
<PAGE> 40
APPENDIX "A"
------------
DESCRIPTIONS OF SECURITIES RATINGS
-38-
<PAGE> 41
APPENDIX "A"
RATINGS OF SECURITIES
---------------------
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
------------------------
STANDARD & POOR'S CORPORATION:
Commercial paper ratings of Standard & Poor's Corporation ("S&P") are current
assessments of the likelihood of timely payment of debts having original
maturities of no more than 365 days. Commercial paper rated "A-1" by S&P
indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is either
overwhelming or very strong. Those issues determined to possess overwhelming
safety characteristics are denoted "A-1+." Commercial paper rated "A-2" by S&P
indicates that capacity for timely payment on issues is strong. However, the
relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated "A-1."
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC.:
The rating "Prime-1" is the highest commercial paper rating assigned by Moody's
Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"). Issuers rated Prime-1 (or related
supporting institutions) are considered to have a superior capacity for
repayment of short-term promissory obligations. Issuers rated "Prime-2" (or
related supporting institutions) have a strong capacity for repayment of
short-term promissory obligations.
This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics of "Prime-1"
rated issuers, but to a
lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more
subject to variations. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate,
may be more affected by external conditions.
Ample alternative liquidity is maintained.
FITCH IBCA:
Commercial paper rated "F-1" by Fitch IBCA ("Fitch") is regarded as having the
strongest degree of assurance for timely payments. Commercial paper rated "F-2"
by Fitch is regarded as having an assurance of timely payment only slightly less
than the strongest rating, i.e., "F-1." The plus (+) sign is used after a rating
symbol to designate the relative position of an issuer within the rating
category.
CORPORATE DEBT RATINGS
----------------------
STANDARD & POOR'S CORPORATION:
An S&P corporate debt rating is a current assessment of the creditworthiness of
an obligor with respect to a specific obligation. Debt rated "AAA" has the
highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is
extremely strong. Debt rated "AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and
to repay principal and differs from the highest rated issues only in small
degree. Debt rated "A" has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal
although it is somewhat more susceptible to adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories. Debt
rated "BBB" is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay
principal. Whereas it
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<PAGE> 42
normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or
changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay
interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated
categories. Debt rated "BB" and "B" is regarded as having predominantly
speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay
principal. "BB" indicates the least degree of speculation. While such debt will
likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by
large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions. Debt rated "BB"
has less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative issues.
However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business,
financial, or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to
meet timely interest and principal payments. The "BB" rating category is also
used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied
"BBB" rating. Debt rated "B" has a greater vulnerability to default but
currently has the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments.
Adverse business, financial or economic conditions will likely impair capacity
or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The "B" rating category is
also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or
implied "BB" or "BB-" rating.
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC.:
The following summarizes the six highest ratings used by Moody's for corporate
debt. Bonds that are rated "Aaa" by Moody's are judged to be of the best
quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally
referred to as "gilt edged." Interest payments are protected by a large or by an
exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various
protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are
most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues. Bonds
that are rated "Aa" are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together
with the "Aaa" group, they comprise what are generally known as high-grade
bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection
may not be as large as in "Aaa" securities or fluctuation of protective elements
may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make
the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in "Aaa" securities. Bonds that
are rated "A" by Moody's possess many favorable investment attributes and are to
be considered as upper medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to
principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present
which suggest a susceptibility to impairment some time in the future. Bonds that
are rated "Baa" by Moody's are considered as medium-grade obligations, i.e.,
they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and
principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in
fact have speculative characteristics as well. Bonds that are rated "Ba" are
judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well
assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very
moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over
the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class. Bond
which are rated "B" generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment.
Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of
the contract over any long period of time may be small. Moody's applies
numerical modifiers (1, 2, and 3) with respect to bonds rated "Aa" through "B."
The modifier 1 indicates that the bond being rated ranks in the higher end of
its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and
the modifier 3 indicates that the bond ranks in the lower end of its generic
rating category.
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<PAGE> 43
DUFF & PHELPS, INC.:
The following summarizes the six highest long-term debt ratings by Duff &
Phelps, Inc. ("Duff"). Debt rated "AAA" has the highest credit quality. The risk
factors are negligible being only slightly more than for risk-free U.S. Treasury
debt. Debt rated "AA" has a high credit quality and protection factors are
strong. Risk is modest but may vary slightly from time to time because of
economic conditions. Debt rated "A" has protection factors that are average but
adequate. However, risk factors are more variable and greater in periods of
economic stress. Debt rated "BBB" has below average protection factors but is
still considered sufficient for prudent investment. However, there is
considerable variability in risk during economic cycles. Debt rated "BB" is
below investment-grade but deemed likely to meet obligations when due. Present
or prospective financial protection factors fluctuate according to industry
conditions or company fortunes. Overall quality may move up or down frequently
within this category. Debt rated "B" is below investment-grade and possesses
risk that obligations will not be met when due. Financial protection factors
will fluctuate widely according to economic cycles, industry conditions and/or
company fortunes. Potential exists for frequent changes in the rating within
this category or into a higher or lower rating grade. To provide more detailed
indications of credit quality, the ratings from "AA" to "B" may be modified by
the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within
this major rating category.
FITCH IBCA:
The following summarizes the six highest long-term debt ratings by Fitch
IBCA(except for "AAA" ratings, plus(+) or minus (-) signs are used with a rating
symbol to indicate the relative position of the credit within the rating
category). Bonds rated "AAA" are considered to be investment-grade and of the
highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay
interest and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably
foreseeable events. Bonds rated "AA" are considered to be investment-grade and
of very high credit quality. The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay
principal is very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated "AAA."
Because bonds rated in the "AAA" and "AA" categories are not significantly
vulnerable to foreseeable future developments, short-term debt of these issues
is generally rated "F-1+." Bonds rated as "A" are considered to be
investment-grade and of high credit quality. The obligor's ability to pay
interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more
vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than
bonds with higher ratings. Bonds rated "BBB" are considered to be
investment-grade and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor's ability to
pay interest and repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes
in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have
adverse impact on these bonds, and therefore, impair timely payment. The
likelihood that the ratings for these bonds will fall below investment-grade is
higher than for bonds with higher ratings. Bonds rated "BBB" are considered
speculative. The obligor's ability to pay interest and repay principal may be
affected over time by adverse economic changes. However, business and financial
alternatives can be identified which could assist the obligor in satisfying its
debt service requirements. Bonds rated "B" are considered highly speculative.
While bonds in this class are currently meeting debt service requirements, the
probability of continued timely payment of principal and interest reflects the
obligor's limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable business and
economic activity throughout the life of the issue.
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<PAGE> 44
THOMPSON BANKWATCH, INC.:
The following summarizes the six highest long-term debt ratings by Thompson
BankWatch, Inc. ("Thompson"). "AAA" is the highest category and indicates that
the ability to repay principal and interest on a timely basis is very high. "AA"
is the second highest category and indicates a superior ability to repay
principal and interest on a timely basis with limited incremental risk versus
issues rated in the highest category. "A" is the third highest category and
indicates the ability to repay principal and interest is strong. Issues rated
"A" could be more vulnerable to adverse developments (both internal and
external) than obligations with higher ratings. "BBB" is the lowest
investment-grade category and indicates an acceptable capacity to repay
principal and interest. Issues rated "BBB" are, however, more vulnerable to
adverse developments (both internal and external) than obligations with higher
ratings. While not investment-grade, the "BB" rating suggests that the
likelihood of default is considerably less than for lower-rated issues. However,
there are significant uncertainties that could affect the ability to adequately
service debt obligations. Issuer rated "B" show a higher degree of uncertainty
and therefore greater likelihood of default that higher rated issuers. Adverse
developments could well negatively affect the payment of interest and principal
on a timely basis. Thomson may include a plus (+) or minus (-) designation to
indicate where within the respective category the issue is placed.
