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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO
SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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(MARK ONE)
/X/ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934 [FEE REQUIRED] FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996
OR
/ / TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [NO FEE REQUIRED] FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD
FROM TO
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COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: (1-13888)
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UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
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DELAWARE 06-1385548
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NUMBER)
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39 OLD RIDGEBURY ROAD 06817-0001
DANBURY, CONNECTICUT (ZIP CODE)
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
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REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE: (203) 207-7700
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SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT:
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TITLE OF EACH CLASS NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE ON WHICH REGISTERED
COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $.01 PER SHARE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE
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SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT:
NONE
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes /x/ No / /
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. /x/
As of February 28, 1997, 46,797,777 shares of common stock were
outstanding. The aggregate market value of the outstanding common stock as of
February 28, 1997 (based upon the closing sale price of the common stock on the
New York Stock Exchange on such date) held by non-affiliates of the registrant
was approximately $1,583 million.
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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The information required under Part III is incorporated by reference from
the UCAR International Inc. Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of
Stockholders for 1997 to be held on May 13, 1997, which will be filed on or
about April 3, 1997.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I .............................................................................................. 1
Item 1. Business...................................................................................... 1
Introduction.................................................................................. 1
Corporate History............................................................................. 2
Growth Strategies and Recent Initiatives...................................................... 3
Business Strategies........................................................................... 5
Recent Developments........................................................................... 6
Markets and Industry Overview................................................................. 6
Manufacturing Processes and Operations........................................................ 8
Products...................................................................................... 10
Raw Materials and Suppliers................................................................... 10
Sales and Customer Service; Research and Development.......................................... 11
Distribution.................................................................................. 11
Patents and Trademarks........................................................................ 12
Competition................................................................................... 12
Environmental Matters......................................................................... 13
Insurance..................................................................................... 15
Employees..................................................................................... 15
Description of Indebtedness................................................................... 15
Item 2. Properties.................................................................................... 19
Item 3. Legal Proceedings............................................................................. 20
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders........................................... 20
PART II .............................................................................................. 21
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters.......................... 21
Market Information............................................................................ 21
Dividend Policy............................................................................... 21
Item 6. Selected Financial Data....................................................................... 22
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations................................................................... 26
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data................................................... 34
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure.................................................................... 66
PART III .............................................................................................. 66
Items 10 to 13 inclusive................................................................................ 66
Executive Officers and Directors.............................................................. 66
PART IV .............................................................................................. 68
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K............................... 68
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This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within
the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
'Securities Act'), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the 'Exchange Act'). Actual results, events and circumstances could
differ materially from those set forth in such statements due to various
factors. Such factors include the possibility that announced additions to
electric arc furnace steel production capacity may not occur, increased electric
arc furnace steel production may not occur or result in increased demand or
higher prices for graphite electrodes, acquired manufacturing capacity may not
be fully utilized, technological advances expected by the Company (as defined
herein) may not be achieved, changing economic and competitive conditions, other
technological developments and other risks and uncertainties, including those
set forth herein.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all
references to 'UCAR' mean UCAR International Inc. and to the 'Company' mean
UCAR, its wholly and majority owned subsidiaries (including UCAR Global
Enterprises Inc., a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of UCAR ('Global'), EMSA
(Pty.) Ltd., its 50%-owned affiliate ('EMSA'), and its and their predecessors
(insofar as a predecessor's activities related to the carbon and graphite
products business), collectively, except that such references do not include
UCAR Grafit OAO ('UCAR Grafit'), Carbone Savoie S.A.S. ('Carbone Savoie') or
UCAR Elektroden GmbH ('UCAR Elektroden' and, together with UCAR Grafit and
Carbone Savoie, the 'Acquired Companies') with respect to time periods prior to
their respective acquisitions. Separate financial statements of Global are not
presented because they would not be material to holders of Subordinated Notes
(as defined herein). Unless otherwise indicated, all financial information
refers to that of the Company (including UCAR Grafit since its acquisition) on a
consolidated basis (using the equity method for EMSA).
Unless otherwise indicated, all information has been adjusted to reflect
the reclassification of the common stock of UCAR in connection with, and the
stock splits effected after, the leveraged recapitalization of the Company on
January 26, 1995 (the 'Recapitalization').
All references to 'Home Markets' mean North America, Western Europe,
Brazil, Mexico and South Africa and to 'Free World' mean worldwide, excluding
China, the former Soviet Union, India and Eastern Europe (other than the former
East Germany).
INTRODUCTION
The Company is the largest manufacturer of graphite and carbon electrodes
in the world, with sales in over 70 countries and manufacturing facilities on
four continents. Graphite electrodes, the Company's principal product, are
consumed primarily in the production of steel in an electric arc furnace
('EAF'), the steelmaking technology used by virtually all 'mini-mills,' as well
as in the refining of steel using ladle furnaces. Carbon electrodes are consumed
primarily to produce silicon metal, which is used in the manufacture of
aluminum. Graphite electrodes and carbon electrodes accounted for approximately
73% and 6%, respectively, of the Company's net sales in 1996. The Company also
manufactures other graphite and carbon products as well as cooling systems and
components for steelmaking furnaces and other high temperature applications.
Electrodes act as conductors of electricity in a furnace, generating
sufficient heat to melt scrap metal or other raw materials used to produce
steel, silicon metal or other materials. The electrodes are gradually consumed
in the course of such production. In the case of graphite electrodes in an EAF,
one electrode must be replaced, on average, every eight to ten operating hours
('a stick a shift'). Graphite electrodes are presently the only products
available that are capable of sustaining the levels of heat (as high as 5,000
degrees Fahrenheit) required in an EAF and, therefore, demand for graphite
electrodes is directly related to the amount of EAF steel produced.
Over the past two decades, EAF steelmaking has become more efficient and
cost effective due to technological improvements in EAF steelmaking processes
and equipment design and in graphite electrodes. This improved efficiency has
resulted in a decrease in the quantity of graphite electrodes consumed per
metric ton of steel produced (known as 'Specific Consumption'). From 1985
through mid-1992, this decrease was offset by
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increased levels of EAF steel production, which resulted in relatively
stable demand for graphite electrodes. The Company believes that, since
mid-1992, increased levels of EAF steel production have more than offset
the decrease in Specific Consumption. The Company believes that global
demand for graphite electrodes will increase over the long-term at an
average rate of 1% to 2% per year. The Company has experienced, and
expects to continue to experience, volatility with respect to demand for
graphite electrodes in certain geographic areas as general economic
conditions in such areas fluctuate.
The rapid growth in EAF steel production through the 1970s led to an
over-expansion in capacity for the manufacture of graphite electrodes. Beginning
in the early 1980s, this expansion, together with declining Specific
Consumption, resulted in downward pressure on pricing, significant consolidation
in the number of manufacturers and industry-wide capacity reduction. The Company
estimates that Free World capacity and Company capacity have each been reduced
by approximately one-third since 1985. Presently, there is only one global
manufacturer of electrodes in the Free World other than the Company and there
are in total only eight other Free World manufacturers.
The Company has benefited from reduced costs resulting from its successful
restructuring and re-engineering projects as well as from significant increases
in graphite electrode pricing (attributable in large part to the industry-wide
capacity reduction) which have taken place since mid-1992.
CORPORATE HISTORY
The Company's business was founded in 1886 by National Carbon Company. In
1917, National Carbon Company, along with Union Carbide Company and three other
companies, became subsidiaries of a new corporation named Union Carbide and
Carbon Company, now known as Union Carbide Corporation ('Union Carbide'). In the
1950s, National Carbon Company was dissolved, and its business subsequently
became the Carbon Products Division of Union Carbide.
Effective January 1, 1989, Union Carbide realigned each of its worldwide
businesses into separate subsidiaries (the 'Realignment'). In connection
therewith, the business of the Carbon Products Division was separated from Union
Carbide's other businesses and became owned by the Company, which was then
wholly-owned by Union Carbide. In addition, the Company (i) assumed all
liabilities (including environmental and tax liabilities) relating to Union
Carbide's worldwide carbon and graphite products business (subject to limited
exceptions) and (ii) entered into agreements which provide for Union Carbide to
render certain services and lease certain office space to the Company, for
allocation of certain multi-business liabilities and for cross-indemnification
among the Company, Union Carbide and Union Carbide's then other subsidiaries and
affiliates.
On February 25, 1991, Union Carbide sold to Mitsubishi Corporation
('Mitsubishi') 50% of the common equity of the Company (the 'Mitsubishi
Purchase'). Since the Mitsubishi Purchase, the Company has operated on a stand
alone basis in all material respects and all material transactions which it has
effected with Union Carbide and Mitsubishi have been effected on terms at least
as favorable to the Company as the Company could have obtained on an arms'
length basis. In this regard, the Company has been self-financing, except for
certain credit enhancements which were provided by Union Carbide and Mitsubishi
and which the Company terminated in their entirety in September 1994.
On January 26, 1995, the Company consummated the Recapitalization pursuant
to the Recapitalization and Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of
November 14, 1994 (the 'Recapitalization Agreement') among Union Carbide,
Mitsubishi, UCAR and a corporation affiliated with Blackstone Capital Partners
II Merchant Banking Fund L.P. and its affiliates (collectively, 'Blackstone').
Pursuant to the Recapitalization: (i) UCAR issued common stock representing
approximately 75% of the then outstanding common stock to Blackstone, Chase
Equity Associates (an affiliate of Chase Manhattan Bank, formerly known as
Chemical Bank) and certain members of management (collectively, the 'Investors')
for $203 million; (ii) Global and certain of its subsidiaries borrowed $585
million under senior secured bank credit facilities arranged through Chase
Manhattan Bank and established in connection with the Recapitalization (the
'Recapitalization Bank Facilities'); (iii) Global issued $375 million of 12%
senior subordinated notes due 2005 (the 'Subordinated Notes'); (iv) the Company
repaid approximately $250 million of then existing indebtedness; (v) UCAR
repurchased and cancelled all of the common equity then held by Mitsubishi for
$406 million; (vi) UCAR paid to Union Carbide a cash dividend of $347 million on
the common equity then held by Union Carbide, which common equity was
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reclassified and immediately thereafter represented approximately 25% of the
then outstanding common stock; and (vii) certain members of management received
restricted stock matching a portion of the common stock purchased by them and
options to purchase up to an aggregate of 12% of the then outstanding common
stock on a fully diluted basis, subject to certain vesting provisions. In
connection with the Recapitalization, the Company transferred all of the stock
of its operating subsidiaries to Global or subsidiaries of Global. UCAR
currently holds no material assets other than common stock of Global.
On August 15, 1995, UCAR completed an initial public offering of common
stock (the 'Initial Offering'). In connection with the Initial Offering, UCAR
sold common stock representing 22% of the common stock outstanding immediately
after the Initial Offering for net proceeds of $227 million and Union Carbide
sold all of the common stock then owned by it. UCAR used net proceeds from the
Initial Offering to contribute to Global an amount sufficient to redeem $175
million aggregate principal amount of the Subordinated Notes at a redemption
price equal to 110% of the aggregate principal amount thereof, plus accrued
interest thereon of $4 million (the 'Redemption'). The Redemption reduced the
Company's annual interest expense by $21 million. The Company used the balance
of the net proceeds for general corporate purposes and to reduce other
outstanding indebtedness.
On October 19, 1995, the Company refinanced the Recapitalization Bank
Facilities with new senior secured bank credit facilities (the 'Senior Bank
Facilities') at more favorable interest rates and with more favorable covenants
(the 'Refinancing'). The Refinancing resulted in a reduction of annual interest
expense by approximately $13 million (based on the principal amount outstanding
and interest rates in effect at the time of the Refinancing).
In March 1996, certain stockholders of UCAR sold an aggregate of 16,675,000
shares of common stock in a secondary public offering (the 'Secondary
Offering'). In the Secondary Offering, Blackstone, Chase Equity Associates and
certain members of management sold approximately 15,449,000 shares, 826,000
shares and 400,000 shares, respectively. After the Secondary Offering,
Blackstone owned approximately 20% of the then outstanding shares of common
stock. UCAR did not sell any shares in the Secondary Offering and did not
receive any proceeds from the shares sold by the selling stockholders.
Approximately 193,000 of the shares sold by management consisted of shares
issued upon the exercise of stock options concurrently with the Secondary
Offering, and UCAR received proceeds of approximately $1.5 million from the
exercise of such options.
GROWTH STRATEGIES AND RECENT INITIATIVES
The Company expects worldwide demand for graphite electrodes to increase in
the near term due to increased EAF steel production from existing and proposed
new EAFs. The Company believes that it currently has adequate manufacturing
capacity to meet increased sales volume resulting from such increased near term
demand. The Company actively studies opportunities to leverage its core
competencies, technologies and products for growth. Management teams, working
with outside consultants, continually seek to define the Company's strengths and
evaluate opportunities to use these strengths to increase the Company's net
sales at margins which, within two to three years after implementation, are at
or near the margins that exist today. Areas of potential growth currently being
pursued or considered include:
o Geographic expansions
o Product expansions
o Expansion of manufacturing operations
In line with its strategy of achieving growth both domestically and
internationally, the Company actively reviews possible acquisitions and other
business opportunities on a regular basis.
Acquisition of Minority Interests and Interest in Joint Venture
Affiliate. In 1994, the Company acquired substantially all of the minority
stockholders' interest in its Mexican subsidiary at a net cost of $23 million.
In addition, in 1995, the Company acquired substantially all of the shares of
its Brazilian subsidiary that were owned by public shareholders in Brazil for an
aggregate purchase price of $52 million, plus expenses of $3 million.
Thereafter, the Company acquired additional shares from such shareholders for $2
million.
On February 10, 1997, UCAR's Board of Directors approved the purchase of
the shares of EMSA held by Samancor Limited, the Company's joint venture partner
in this 50%-owned affiliate. The purchase price is
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expected to be approximately $75 million, plus expenses. In 1996, EMSA sold
approximately 99% of all graphite electrodes purchased in South Africa (which
represents 4% of all graphite electrodes purchased in the Home Markets), and had
net sales of $65 million. EMSA currently operates a graphite electrode
manufacturing facility and a sales office in South Africa. The Company has
managed all aspects of the operations of EMSA in substantially the same manner
and with substantially the same business objectives and strategies (including
marketing, human resources, technology, engineering and sales activities and
implementation of the Company's policies and procedures) as it has with its
subsidiaries. Accordingly, EMSA has not competed with the Company but instead
has acted with the Company as if it were one of the Company's subsidiaries. The
Company intends to finance the acquisition of the EMSA shares with borrowings
under its revolving credit facility, which is expected to be increased as
described below under 'Recent Developments--Proposed Amendments to Credit
Facilities.' The Company expects that the purchase will be completed by the end
of the second quarter of 1997.
The Company believes that the acquisitions have enabled and will enable the
Company to optimize production of products at various facilities, to better
integrate worldwide operations of these subsidiaries and affiliate with those of
the Company's other subsidiaries, to recognize production efficiencies at
various manufacturing facilities to lower average Company-wide cost of sales and
to better capture and manage cash flow from operations of these subsidiaries and
affiliate.
Focused Factory Project. During 1996, the Company began construction of an
integrated 'focused factory' at its manufacturing facility in Clarksburg, West
Virginia (the 'Focused Factory Project') at an estimated cost of $16 million.
The Focused Factory Project will add additional manufacturing processes and new
technology (developed and tested by the Company at its United States technology
center) to expand capacity to manufacture 'superfine grain' graphite specialty
products on a cost competitive basis. The Company believes that worldwide
industry sales of such products approach $400 million annually, that demand for
these products has grown and will continue to grow for at least the next several
years (primarily for use in semiconductor, continuous casting, non-ferrous metal
extrusion and electrical discharge machining applications) and that all of the
significant Free World manufacturers of these products are currently operating
at or near capacity. The Company expects that the Focused Factory Project will
be completed by the end of 1998.
Acquisitions in Russia and Germany. On November 10, 1996, the Company
purchased 90% of the equity of UCAR Grafit, which operates a graphite electrode
business in Vyazma, Russia. The aggregate investment was $50 million. The
Company anticipates increasing its ownership up to 98% of such equity at an
additional cost of approximately $2 million. On February 1, 1997, the Company,
through a newly-formed 70%-owned subsidiary, UCAR Elektroden, purchased the
graphite electrode business of Elektrokohle Lichtenberg AG ('EKL') in Berlin,
Germany. The 30% minority interest in UCAR Elektroden is held by a private
German company. The aggregate purchase price paid by UCAR Elektroden for the EKL
assets was approximately $15 million, consisting of $3 million for equipment and
approximately $12 million for working capital. UCAR Elektroden and UCAR Grafit
work in tandem, with UCAR Elektroden manufacturing green electrodes and UCAR
Grafit baking, pitch impregnating, rebaking and graphitizing those electrodes.
The graphitized electrodes are then returned to UCAR Elektroden for machining
and distribution. Together, UCAR Elektroden and UCAR Grafit have capacity to
produce approximately 17,000 metric tons of finished graphite electrodes.
The Company acquired UCAR Grafit and UCAR Elektroden to expand
geographically. While the Company has been a supplier to Eastern Europe for over
25 years, the Company believes that these acquisitions will increase its
penetration of the large and potentially growing graphite electrode markets in
Eastern Europe, Russia and the other countries of the former Soviet Union, and
the Middle East. In addition, many of the EAF steel producers in these markets
consume lower quality graphite electrodes. Accordingly, net sales by UCAR Grafit
and UCAR Elektroden of such types of electrodes are expected to be additive to
sales currently made by the Company, which expects to continue to export its
ultra high power graphite electrodes to its existing customer base in these
regions. While the Company plans to use its process technology to improve
operating efficiency and gross profit margins at UCAR Grafit and UCAR
Elektroden, the Company does not intend to upgrade the quality of their products
until demand for higher quality products in these regions increases. The Company
does not expect that any significant capital expenditures will be required to
achieve such planned improvements.
Acquisition of Cathode Manufacturing Operations. On January 2, 1997, the
Company acquired 70% of the outstanding shares of Carbone Savoie, a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Pechiney S.A., for a purchase price of
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$33 million. Carbone Savoie, with facilities in Notre Dame and Venissieux,
France, is the leading worldwide manufacturer of carbon cathodes (with capacity
to manufacture approximately 30,000 metric tons annually). Carbon cathodes are
consumed in the production of aluminum. This acquisition creates an alliance
between the Company and Aluminium Pechiney S.A. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Pechiney S.A.), one of the world's leading producers of aluminum and the leading
supplier of smelting technology to the aluminum industry. Aluminium Pechiney
S.A. is developing the use of graphite cathodes (instead of carbon cathodes) in
its aluminum smelting technology, which the Company believes allows for
substantial improvement in process efficiency. The new graphite cathodes will be
used by Aluminium Pechiney S.A. in its own plants and will be marketed to its
licensees as well as to third parties. The Company believes that joint
development efforts combining Aluminium Pechiney S.A.'s technology and the
Company's graphite technology and expertise in high temperature industrial
applications should result in important advances. Carbone Savoie (which had net
sales of approximately $80 million in 1996) and the Company together supplied
one-third of the worldwide market for carbon and graphite cathodes in 1996,
according to Company estimates.
BUSINESS STRATEGIES
Restructuring and Re-engineering Projects. The Company has implemented
several successful restructuring and re-engineering projects since the mid-1980s
which have eliminated work, improved operating efficiency and reduced costs. In
connection with these projects, the Company has reduced or eliminated production
at higher cost facilities, maximized production at lower cost facilities,
lowered inventory levels for a given level of forecast sales, significantly
reduced the number of employees worldwide, significantly shortened average
graphite electrode production cycle time, closed manufacturing facilities,
consolidated manufacturing operations and consolidated sales offices. As a
result primarily of these projects, by the end of 1994, the Company had achieved
annual cost savings of approximately $101 million (as compared to 1990) and had
achieved approximately $15 million in additional annual cost savings by the end
of 1996 (as compared to 1994). In January 1995, UCAR's Board of Directors
approved an additional modernization project (the 'Rationalization Project')
designed to close certain high cost manufacturing operations and expand lower
cost manufacturing operations at the Company's North American graphite electrode
plants. The Rationalization Project was completed in July 1996, yielded
approximately $8 million in annual cost savings in 1995 and $20 million in 1996
and is expected to yield $23 million in annual cost savings in 1997 (in each
case, as compared to 1994). Other smaller projects to improve raw materials
technology, enhance equipment technology and upgrade certain production
facilities (collectively, the 'Technology Improvement Projects'), implemented in
1996 or expected to be implemented in 1997, are expected to yield approximately
$5 million of additional annual cost savings by the end of 1997 (as compared to
1994). The Company intends to continue to implement total quality control
techniques and pursue other opportunities for cost savings.
Emphasis on Customer Service. The Company believes that its dedication to
providing customers with a high level of technical service support provides an
important competitive advantage. The Company employs approximately 60 engineers
to provide technical assistance to customers in, among other things, all areas
of EAF operation and design, including equipment evaluation and control, power
utilization and electrode purchase management as well as to provide training in
the use of the Company's products. Such technical assistance includes
periodically monitoring certain customers' EAF efficiency levels via computer
modem. In addition, the Company employs a global direct sales force in 19 sales
offices on five continents to serve its customers more effectively. The Company
intends to integrate the customer service activities of UCAR Elektroden and UCAR
Grafit with its own customer service activities to enhance their effectiveness.
Carbone Savoie has its own customer service group which works closely with
Aluminium Pechiney S.A.'s customer service group to maximize use of their
respective products and technologies.
Technical Improvements. The Company operates a graphite and carbon
technology center in the United States dedicated to improving product quality
and manufacturing processes through research and development activities
conducted by approximately 80 technical professionals. These activities are
integrated with the efforts of over 100 engineers at the Company's manufacturing
facilities who are focused on improving manufacturing processes. Developments by
the Company include larger and stronger electrodes (increasing the Company's
ability to supply various 'supersized' electrodes), new chemical additives to
enhance raw materials used in graphite electrodes and new applications for water
spray cooling technology, resulting in the development of
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safer, more cost effective and more efficient EAF steel and graphite electrode
production. The Company has received recognition for the high quality of its
products under several programs around the world and has been awarded preferred
or certified supplier status by many major steel and other manufacturing
companies. In addition, Carbone Savoie operates a dedicated cathode technology
center in Venissieux, France employing approximately 20 professionals.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Proposed Amendments to Credit Facilities. On February 10, 1997, UCAR's
Board of Directors approved a proposal to amend the Senior Bank Facilities to
increase the amount available under the revolving credit facility to $200
million from $100 million and to change the covenants to allow more flexibility
in uses of free cash flow for acquisitions, capital expenditures and stock
repurchases. No assurance can be given that such amendments will, in fact,
become effective.
Stock Repurchase Program. On February 10, 1997, UCAR's Board of Directors
authorized a program to repurchase up to $100 million of common stock at
prevailing prices from time to time in the open market or otherwise depending on
market conditions and other factors, without any established minimum or maximum
time period or number of shares. UCAR intends to finance such repurchases from
existing cash balances, cash flow from operations, short-term borrowings and
borrowings under its revolving credit facility.
Graphite Electrode Industry Outlook. The Company believes that worldwide
total crude steel production in 1997 will increase by 2.5% to approximately 767
million metric tons and that EAF steel production will increase at a greater
rate due to a net increase in EAF steel production capacity and the closure of
certain integrated steel production facilities. Approximately 24 million metric
tons of net new EAF steel production capacity was added in 1996 and the Company
is aware of another approximately 54 million metric tons of announced net new
EAF steel production capacity that is scheduled to start-up through 1999. The
Company believes that this additional EAF production capacity will lead to
continued increases in worldwide demand for graphite electrodes in 1997 and that
the Company's worldwide manufacturing facilities and market share have
positioned the Company to benefit from these trends.
MARKETS AND INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
The worldwide market for graphite and carbon electrodes was approximately
$3.0 billion in 1996, according to Company estimates. These products are sold
primarily to customers in the steel, silicon metal, ferronickel and thermal
phosphorous industries. Customers in these industries are located in virtually
every industrialized country in the world.
Graphite Electrodes. The Company estimates that approximately two-thirds
of EAF steelmakers in the Free World and approximately 85% of EAF steelmakers in
the Home Markets purchased graphite electrodes from the Company in 1996. The
Company further estimates that, in each of 1995 and 1996, it supplied
approximately 44% of all graphite electrodes purchased in the Home Markets and
approximately 31% of those purchased in the Free World. Sales of graphite
electrodes in the Home Markets accounted for approximately 51% of the Company's
net sales in 1996. The Company estimates that, in 1996, (i) its share of the
market for graphite electrodes in Mexico exceeded 95%, its share of the market
for graphite electrodes in Brazil exceeded 76% and its share of the market for
graphite electrodes in South Africa exceeded 99%, (ii) sales in the United
States accounted for approximately 26% of the Company's net sales of graphite
electrodes and (iii) the Company sold graphite electrodes in over 70 countries,
with no other country accounting for more than 10% of the Company's net sales of
graphite electrodes.
There are two primary technologies for steelmaking, basic oxygen furnace
('BOF') steel production and EAF steel production. EAF steelmakers are called
'market mills' or 'mini-mills' because of their smaller capacity as compared to
BOF steelmakers. Graphite electrodes, which accounted for approximately 73% of
the Company's net sales in 1996, are used primarily in, and are essential to,
EAF steel production, and, to a lesser extent, ladle furnace steel production.
Electric arc furnaces typically range in size from those which produce
approximately 25 metric tons of steel per production cycle (or 'Heat') to those
which produce approximately 150 metric tons per Heat. Graphite
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electrodes act as conductors of electricity in the furnace, generating
sufficient heat to melt scrap metal or other material used to produce steel. The
graphite electrodes are gradually consumed in the course of such production.
Each of those furnaces typically uses nine electrodes (in three columns of three
electrodes each) at one time. The size of those electrodes varies depending on
the size of the furnace, the size of the furnace's electric transformer and the
planned productivity of the furnace. In a typical furnace operating at a typical
number of Heats per day, one of those nine electrodes is fully consumed
(requiring the addition of a new electrode), on average, every eight to ten
operating hours ('a stick a shift'). The actual rate of consumption and addition
of electrodes for a particular furnace depend primarily on the efficiency and
productivity of the furnace. Graphite electrodes are presently the only products
capable of sustaining the high levels of heat required in an EAF and, therefore,
the demand for graphite electrodes is directly related to the amount of EAF
steel produced.
EAF steel production has been for many years and is currently the growth
sector of the steel industry. There are presently in excess of 2,000 EAFs
operating worldwide, and worldwide EAF steel production has grown from 113
million metric tons (approximately 18% of total steel production) in 1975 to 247
million metric tons (approximately 33% of total steel production) in 1995,
according to Company and industry estimates. The Company estimates that the net
new EAF steel production capacity was approximately 20 million metric tons in
1995 and approximately 24 million metric tons in 1996. The Company estimates
that it supplied all or a portion of the graphite electrodes consumed by
approximately 50% of the new EAF's which commenced operation during 1995 and
1996. The Company is aware of another approximately 54 million metric tons of
announced net new EAF steel production capacity that is scheduled to start-up
through 1999. There can be no assurance that the addition of such capacity will
occur. As a result of recent advances in EAF steel production, EAFs are capable
of producing nearly all of the product lines available from BOF steelmakers.
Although EAF steel production has experienced only two relatively minor
downturns over the past 20 years, the steel industry generally is cyclical and
experiences significant fluctuations, reflecting regional and global economic
conditions and other factors. Sales of the Company's graphite electrodes have
historically been somewhat adversely affected by weakness in the steel industry.
Although no assurance can be given that such will be the case, the Company
believes that EAF steel production will continue to be the growth sector of the
worldwide steel industry during the 1990s and that such growth is likely to be
particularly strong in North America, the Middle East and the Asia Pacific
region.
The Company believes that the worldwide growth in EAF steel production has
been due primarily to the cost effectiveness and operating efficiency of EAF
steelmaking. Technological improvements in EAF steelmaking equipment design and
production processes (stemming from the now largely completed conversion of the
EAF base in the Free World from a refractory lined system to a water cooled
system which sharply reduced the 'burn rate' of electrodes in molten steel), use
of higher quality scrap metals and other raw materials and improvements in the
size, strength and quality of graphite electrodes (including improvements which
were developed by the Company) resulted, on average, in increased efficiency and
lower costs in EAF steel production. This improved efficiency resulted in a
decrease in Specific Consumption. Specific Consumption in the Free World
declined from approximately 6.4 kilograms of graphite electrodes per metric ton
of steel produced in 1974 to approximately 2.8 kilograms per metric ton in 1995,
according to Company estimates.
The rapid growth of EAF steel production through the 1970's led to
an expansion in capacity for the manufacture of graphite electrodes.
Beginning in the 1980's, there was significant excess graphite electrode
manufacturing capacity due to decreases in Specific Consumption and
expansion of manufacturing capacity in the late 1970s. From 1985 through
mid-1992, concurrently with the consolidation in the number of producers
and reduction in capacity described below, the decrease in Specific
Consumption was offset by increased levels of EAF steel production,
which resulted in a relatively stable demand for graphite electrodes.
The Company believes that, since mid-1992, increased levels of EAF steel
production have more than offset the decrease in Specific Consumption.
The Company believes that global demand for graphite electrodes will
increase over the long-term at an average rate of 1% to 2% per year. The
Company believes that, on average, as the costs (relative to the
benefits) increase for EAF steelmakers to achieve significant further
efficiencies in EAF graphite electrode consumption, the decline in
Specific Consumption will continue at a
more gradual pace. The Company further believes that the rate of such decline in
the future will be impacted by the addition of net new EAF steelmaking capacity,
which has the effect of reducing industry-wide graphite electrode consumption
rates due to the efficiency of new EAFs while at the same time creating
additional demand for graphite electrodes. There can be no assurance, however,
that such will be the case.
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Since the mid-1980s, there has been a consolidation in the number of Free
World graphite electrode producers and a reduction of Free World graphite
electrode manufacturing capacity. Company capacity and Free World capacity, as
estimated by the Company, each has been reduced by one-third since 1985. In 1992
and 1993, in two separate transactions, three of the Company's largest
competitors combined to form SGL Carbon AG ('SGL'). The Company believes that
SGL's capacity is approximately one-third less than the combined capacity of
those three competitors in 1986. Principally as a result of this consolidation
and reduction, the Company believes that Free World capacity and demand are
currently in relative balance. The Company is not aware of any construction of
new graphite electrode manufacturing facilities in the Free World. If, for any
reason, demand for graphite electrodes were to decline significantly or
manufacturing capacity were to materially exceed demand, the Company would be
materially adversely affected.
The excess graphite electrode manufacturing capacity and decreases in
Specific Consumption during the 1980s resulted in downward pressure on worldwide
pricing. The Company believes that, from 1982 to mid-1992, the average Free
World industry-wide price (in dollars and net of changes in currency exchange
rates) for graphite electrodes declined by approximately one-third. Since
mid-1992, there has been a significant improvement in Free World electrode
pricing (attributable, in large part, to such industry-wide reduction in
capacity). The Company believes that there were Free World industry-wide
graphite electrode price increases in 1992 through 1996, the effect of which was
to increase average Free World industry-wide prices (in dollars and net of
changes in currency exchange rates) by approximately 9% in 1993 as compared to
1992, by approximately 12% in 1994 as compared to 1993, by approximately 9% in
1995 as compared to 1994 and by approximately 6% in 1996 as compared to 1995.
The Company estimates that the price of graphite electrodes represents only
approximately 3% of the price of finished steel produced by EAF steelmakers in
the Free World.
Carbon Electrodes. The Company estimates that, in 1996, it sold
approximately 42% of the carbon electrodes purchased in the Free World. Carbon
electrodes are used primarily to produce silicon metal, which is used in the
manufacture of aluminum. Free World demand for carbon electrodes has been
relatively stable over the past ten years at approximately 75,000 metric tons
annually, and the Company expects it to be relatively stable or to decline
gradually over the next several years. The Company is the only major
manufacturer of carbon electrodes in North and South America.
Other Products. The Company's other products include flexible graphite
(which is called GRAFOIL(Registered)), graphite and carbon specialty products
(including cathodes) and systems and components for steelmaking furnaces.
Flexible graphite is used in the manufacture of internal combustion engines for
the automotive and other industries and in the chemical and petrochemical
industries. Sales of flexible graphite have grown at an average annual rate of
13% over the past 10 years, due primarily to demand for a high quality sealing
material to replace asbestos and to a decline in prices resulting from reduced
manufacturing costs as a result of improvements in manufacturing processes. The
Company's graphite specialty products are used in the metals, chemicals,
transportation, energy, semiconductor and aerospace industries.
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND OPERATIONS
The manufacture of graphite electrodes takes, on average, approximately two
months. Graphite electrodes range in size from three inches to 30 inches in
diameter and two feet to nine feet in length and weigh between 20 pounds and
4,800 pounds (2.2 metric tons).
The manufacture of graphite electrodes involves the six main processes
described below.
Forming. Calcined petroleum coke is crushed, screened, sized and blended
in a heated vessel with coal tar pitch. The resulting plastic mass is
extruded through a forming press and cut into cylindrical lengths (called
'green' electrodes) before cooling in a water bath.
Baking. The 'green' electrodes are baked at approximately 1,700 degrees
Fahrenheit in specially designed furnaces to further carbonize the pitch.
After cooling, the electrodes are cleaned, inspected and sample-tested.
Impregnation. Baked electrodes are impregnated with a special pitch when
higher density, mechanical strength and capability to withstand higher
electric currents are required.
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Rebaking. The impregnated electrodes are rebaked to 'coke out' the pitch,
thereby adding strength to the electrodes.
Graphitizing. Using a process developed by the Company, the rebaked
electrodes are heated in longitudinal electric resistance furnaces at
approximately 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit to restructure the carbon to its
characteristically crystalline form, graphite. After this process, the
electrodes are gradually cooled, cleaned, inspected and sample-tested.
Machining. After graphitizing, the electrodes are machined to comply with
international specifications governing outside diameters, overall lengths
and joint details. Tapered sockets are machine-threaded at each end of the
electrode to permit the joining of electrodes in columns by means of
correspondingly double-tapered machine-threaded graphite nipples.
Carbon electrodes and graphite and carbon cathodes are manufactured by a
comparable process (excluding, in the case of carbon products, impregnation and
graphitization).
The Company uses robotics and statistical process controls in manufacturing
processes and has a total quality control program which involves significant
in-house training. The Company generally warrants to its customers that its
electrodes will meet the Company's specifications therefor, and electrode
returns and replacements have aggregated less than 1% of net sales in each of
the last three years. The Company utilizes 'pipeline' or 'just in time'
manufacturing systems at most of its facilities. These controls, program and
systems have improved product quality, reduced waste in the manufacturing
process, resulted in more efficient utilization of manufacturing personnel and
equipment, improved efficiency in customer order processing and reduced
inventory requirements. The Company intends to implement similar controls,
programs and systems with respect to operations of the Acquired Companies.
Major maintenance on the Company's facilities is conducted on an on-going
basis. The Company intends to conduct similar major maintenance programs at the
Acquired Companies' facilities. Manufacturing operations are subject to
curtailment due to new legislation or governmental regulations. The Company
currently has the capacity to manufacture approximately 287,000 metric tons of
graphite electrodes annually (including EMSA which has capacity to manufacture
30,000 metric tons of graphite electrodes annually). The Company has the
capacity to manufacture approximately 43,000 metric tons of carbon electrodes
annually and 37,000 metric tons of cathodes annually (including Carbone Savoie
which has the capacity to manufacture approximately 30,000 metric tons of
cathodes annually). In 1994, 1995 and 1996, the Company sold 220,000 metric
tons, 243,000 metric tons and 231,000 metric tons, respectively, of graphite
electrodes (including EMSA which sold 25,000 metric tons, 24,000 metric tons and
26,000 metric tons of graphite electrodes in 1993, 1994 and 1995, respectively)
and 31,000 metric tons, 27,000 metric tons and 30,000 metric tons, respectively,
of carbon electrodes.
The Company currently operates 17 manufacturing facilities and three
machine shops located in the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Spain,
England, Russia, Canada, Brazil, Mexico and South Africa. Graphite electrodes
are manufactured in each country (other than England) in which the Company has a
manufacturing facility. Carbon electrodes are manufactured in the United States.
Graphite and carbon cathodes are manufactured in France, Brazil and Canada.
Graphite specialty products, which are made by a process similar to the process
for manufacturing graphite electrodes but using different mixtures of raw
materials and different processing time periods, are manufactured in the United
States and France. Flexible graphite, which is made from mined natural graphite
flake that is acid treated, heat treated and rolled into sheets of desired
thickness and width, is manufactured in the United States.
As a result of its international operations, the Company is subject to
risks associated with operating in foreign countries, including devaluations and
fluctuations in currency exchange rates, imposition of limitations on conversion
of foreign currencies into dollars or remittance of dividends and other payments
by foreign subsidiaries, imposition or increase of withholding and other taxes
on remittances and other payments by foreign subsidiaries, hyperinflation in
certain foreign countries and imposition or increase of investment and other
restrictions or requirements by foreign governments and, in the case of
operations in Russia, nationalization and other risks which could result from a
change in government. Although such risks have not had a material adverse
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effect on the Company within the past decade, no assurance can be given that
such risks will not have a material adverse effect on the Company in the future.
PRODUCTS
Electrodes. The principal products manufactured by the Company are
graphite and carbon electrodes. Graphite electrodes are used primarily in the
production of steel in EAFs as well as in the refining of steel in ladle
furnaces, and carbon electrodes are used primarily in the production of silicon
metal and also in the production of ferronickel and thermal phosphorous. EAF
steel production requires significant heat (as high as 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit,
which the Company believes is the hottest operating temperature in any
industrial or commercial manufacturing process worldwide) to melt scrap metal,
iron ore or other raw materials for processing into ingots or semi-finished
continuously cast shapes. That heat is generated by graphite electrodes as
electricity (as much as 150,000 amps) passes through them and creates an
electric arc between the graphite electrodes and the raw materials. The graphite
electrodes are gradually consumed in the production process. The production of
silicon metal involves similar processes, but at lower temperatures. The Company
believes that it provides the broadest range of sizes in graphite electrodes and
that the quality of its graphite electrodes (other than those manufactured by
UCAR Grafit and UCAR Electroden) is equal to or better than that of any other
manufacturer. The Company also believes that there are presently no commercially
viable substitutes for graphite electrodes in EAF steelmaking.
Other Products. The Company manufactures GRAFOIL(Registered), which is
used primarily to make gaskets for combustion engine, pipe flange and other
industrial applications. The Company also manufactures graphite specialty
products for use in the metals, chemicals, transportation, energy,
semi-conductor and aerospace industries. The Company's graphite specialty
products consist primarily of molded and extruded graphite shapes sold to
specialty machine shops and end users for machining and, to a lesser extent,
molds, insulation substrates and other machined products. Most of these machined
products are manufactured for specific applications or to meet customer
specifications. The Company manufactures carbon and graphite cathodes which are
consumed in the production of aluminum. Cathodes are used primarily as liners
for, and act as conductors of electricity in, smelting furnaces.
The Company sells proprietary water-spray cooling systems and components
for steelmaking furnaces, exhaust systems and other high temperature
applications. These systems and components are designed by the Company, were
first sold in 1986 and are fabricated by third party contractors in the United
States and various other countries. The Company believes that its systems
represent a significant improvement over prior technologies. The improvement
results from both the increased life of furnace components resulting from the
improved cooling processes and the reduction in maintenance down time resulting
from various design improvements.
RAW MATERIALS AND SUPPLIERS
The primary raw materials for graphite electrodes and graphite specialty
products are petroleum cokes (needle coke for electrodes and regular grades for
specialty products), coal tar pitch and petroleum pitch. The primary raw
materials for carbon electrodes and carbon specialty products are anthracite
coal and coal tar pitch and, in some instances, a petroleum coke based material.
The primary raw material for flexible graphite is natural graphite flake. The
Company purchases its raw materials from a variety of sources and has no
material long-term purchase contracts with respect to any raw materials. Over
the past several decades, the Company has purchased a majority of its petroleum
coke from multiple plants of a single major petroleum company and, since 1988,
has done so pursuant to annual purchase contracts. The Company believes that the
quality of its raw materials is the highest available and that, under current
conditions, its raw materials are available in adequate quantities at market
prices. Electric power or natural gas used in manufacturing processes is
purchased from local suppliers under short-term contracts or in the spot market.
The availability and price of raw materials and energy may be subject to
curtailment or change due to limitations which may be imposed under new
legislation or governmental regulations, suppliers' allocations to meet demand
of other purchasers during periods of shortage (or, in the case of energy
suppliers, extended cold weather), interruptions in production by suppliers, and
market and other events and conditions. Petroleum products, including petroleum
coke, have been subject to significant price fluctuations and, recently, market
prices of petroleum coke have increased for the Company and its competitors.
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Over the past several years, the Company has mitigated the effect of such price
increases on its results of operations through a combination of improved
operating efficiency, permanent on-going cost savings and passing such price
increases on to customers. However, there can be no assurance that such measures
will successfully mitigate future increases in the price of petroleum coke or
other raw materials or energy. A substantial increase in raw material or energy
prices which cannot be mitigated or passed on to customers or a continued
interruption in supply, particularly in the supply of petroleum coke, would have
a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations.
SALES AND CUSTOMER SERVICE; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Sales of the Company's products in the Home Markets are made primarily by
the Company's direct sales force, which operates from the Company's 19 sales
offices and is supported by the Company's customer technical service personnel.
EMSA also operates a sales office in South Africa. Sales of the Company's
products are made by the Company's direct sales force and, to a lesser extent,
by independent sales agents, most of whom have worked with the Company for many
years, in various countries around the world. The Company has a global business
with a diversified customer base. Sales of the Company's products to customers
outside the United States accounted for approximately 68% of the Company's net
sales in 1996. No single customer or group of affiliated customers accounted for
more than 4% of the Company's net sales in 1996. The Company has had, for many
years, a strong commitment to provide a high level of technical service to
customers which supports the Company's sales activities. Under its customer
technical service program, the Company seeks to provide timely and knowledgeable
assistance to customers with respect to EAF design and operation, electrode
specification and use and related matters to maximize customer production and
minimize customer costs. The Company intends to integrate the sales and customer
service activities of the Acquired Companies into its overall sales and customer
technical service programs. Carbone Savoie has its own dedicated sales and
customer service groups which work closely with Aluminium Pechiney S.A.'s sales
and customer service groups to maximize use of their respective products and
technologies.
The Company's net sales of graphite electrodes fluctuate from quarter to
quarter due to such factors as scheduled plant shut downs by customers, national
vacation practices, changes in customer production schedules in response to
seasonal changes in energy costs, weather conditions, strikes and work stoppages
at customer plants and changes in customer order patterns in response to the
announcement of price increases. The Company has experienced, and expects to
continue to experience, volatility with respect to demand for graphite
electrodes in certain geographic areas as general economic conditions in such
areas fluctuate. These factors tend to affect the Company's quarterly as well as
annual results of operations. In addition, in the past, typically during the
period prior to the effective date of a price increase, customers tended to buy
additional quantities of graphite electrodes at the then lower pricing
('Customer Buy-Ins'), which added to the Company's net sales during that period.
During the period following the effective date of a price increase, customers
tended to use those additional quantities before placing further orders, which
reduced the Company's net sales during that period. Accordingly, results of
operations for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results of
operations for a full year or otherwise. In order to mitigate the effect of
Customer Buy-Ins on period-to-period net sales, the Company has begun announcing
price increases at different times in different geographic regions.
The Company conducts, at its dedicated technology center located in Parma,
Ohio and its manufacturing facilities throughout the world, a focused technology
program to improve product quality and manufacturing processes. This program,
which is conducted both independently and in conjunction with suppliers,
customers and others, was initiated in 1984. Approximately 80 technical
professionals are directly involved in this program. In addition, the Company
operates a dedicated cathode technology center in Notre Dame, France employing
approximately 22 professionals. The Company's research and development expenses
(other than certain expenses at the Company's manufacturing facilities, which
are included in cost of sales) in 1994, 1995 and 1996 were $7 million, $8
million and $8 million, respectively.
DISTRIBUTION
Customers generally place orders for electrodes three to six months prior
to the specified delivery date. Such orders are cancelable by the customer and,
therefore, the Company manufactures electrodes to meet rolling sales forecasts.
The Company manages electrode inventory levels to meet forecasted sales. Other
products are
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generally manufactured or fabricated to meet customer orders. Accordingly, the
Company does not maintain significant inventories of those finished products.
Finished products are generally stored at the Company's manufacturing
facilities. The Company ships its finished products to customers primarily by
truck and ship, using 'just in time' techniques where practicable.
Proximity of manufacturing facilities to customers can provide a
competitive advantage in terms of cost of delivery of electrodes to customers.
The significance of these costs is affected by fluctuations in exchange rates,
methods of shipment, import duties and whether the manufacturing facilities are
located in the same economic trading region as the customer. The Company
believes that it is generally better positioned in terms of such proximity than
its competitors (other than Japanese manufacturers supplying Japanese customers)
to supply the Free World market. The Company believes that the acquisition of
the Acquired Companies will increase the Company's proximity to customers in
such large and potentially growing graphite electrodes markets as Eastern
Europe, Russia and the other countries of the former Soviet Union and the Middle
East and will enhance the Company's distribution capability.
PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS
The Company owns and has obtained licenses to various domestic and foreign
patents, patent applications and trademarks related to its products, processes
and business. These patents expire at various times over the next 20 years.
While these patents and patent applications in the aggregate are important to
the Company's competitive position, no single patent or patent application is
material to the Company. The trade name 'UCAR' and certain trademarks
incorporating the name 'UCAR' are owned by Union Carbide and licensed to the
Company on a royalty-free basis under a license expiring 2015. That tradename
and those trademarks (and the trademark GRAFOIL(Registered), which is owned by
the Company) are important to the Company's business. In addition, the name
'Carbone Savoie' is a registered tradename in Europe and is an internationally
recognized name in the aluminum industry. No other trademark or tradename is
material to the Company.
COMPETITION
The graphite and carbon products industry is highly competitive.
Competition with respect to electrodes is based primarily on price, product
quality and customer service. Graphite electrodes, in particular, are subject to
rigorous price competition. Although the Company has periodically increased
prices over the past several years, there can be no assurance that the Company
will be able to increase prices in the future. In addition, further price
increases by the Company or price reductions by competitors, decisions by the
Company with respect to maintaining profit margins rather than market share, or
other competitive or market factors or strategies could adversely affect the
Company's market share or results of operations. Competition could prevent
institution of price increases or could require price reductions or increased
spending on research and development, marketing and sales which could adversely
affect the Company's results of operations.
There are 10 manufacturers of graphite electrodes in the Free World. Of
these 10 manufacturers, the Company is the largest and SGL, which operates
manufacturing plants in North America and Europe, is the second largest. The
Company estimates that it supplied approximately 44% of the graphite electrodes
sold in the Home Markets in each of 1995 and 1996 (including EMSA which supplied
approximately 99% of the graphite electrodes sold in the South African market in
1995, which represented approximately 3% of those sold in the Free World) and
that it supplied approximately 31% of those sold in the Free World in 1995 and
1996. The Company estimates that SGL supplied approximately 42% of graphite
electrodes sold in the Home Markets and approximately 27% of those sold in the
Free World in 1995. Other manufacturers of graphite electrodes include: The
Carbide/Graphite Group, Inc., all of whose plants are located in the United
States (which the Company believes supplied approximately 5% of the graphite
electrodes sold in the Free World in 1995); and four manufacturers in Japan
(which the Company believes collectively supplied approximately 27% of the
graphite electrodes sold in the Free World in 1995), one of which has a plant
located in the United States. Government-controlled and independent
manufacturers in the non-Free World (the 'Non-Free World Manufacturers')
generally provide less reliable delivery and produce lower quality products
(with higher rates of breakage and Specific Consumption) for use in their
respective countries and in countries which are their traditional trading
partners, most of which countries and partners are generally net importers of
graphite electrodes.
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There are only two significant manufacturers of carbon electrodes in the
world (excluding the Non-Free World Manufacturers). The Company believes that it
is the largest of these two manufacturers and SGL is the second largest and that
together the Company and SGL supplied more than 85% of the carbon electrodes
sold in the Free World in 1995.
The manufacture of high quality graphite and carbon electrodes is a mature,
capital intensive business which requires extensive process know-how developed
over years of experience working with the various raw materials and their
suppliers, furnace manufacturers and steelmakers (including working on the
specific applications for the finished electrodes). It also requires high
quality raw material sources and a developed energy supply infrastructure. There
have been no significant new entrants in the manufacture of electrodes since
1950. Accordingly, while no assurance can be given that such will be the case,
the Company believes that it is unlikely that there will be significant new
entrants in the manufacture of electrodes in the next several years and that, to
the extent that increased demand might induce new entrants, such demand would be
readily satisfied by existing manufacturers.
Competition with respect to the Company's other products is based primarily
on price, delivery and quality. The Company competes with other graphite and
carbon product manufacturers as well as manufacturers of non-graphite products
used for similar purposes.
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
Since the 1970s, a wide variety of federal, state, local and foreign laws
and regulations relating to the storage, handling, generation, treatment,
emission, release, discharge and disposal of certain substances and wastes have
been adopted. These laws and regulations (and the enforcement thereof) are
periodically changed. The Company is subject to many of these laws and
regulations. Certain of the Company's facilities have experienced some level of
regulatory scrutiny, have been required to take remedial action and have
incurred related costs in the past and may experience further regulatory
scrutiny, and be required to take further remedial action and incur additional
costs in the future. Such costs could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's results of operations.
The principal United States laws and regulations to which the Company is
subject are described below. The Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act and similar
state or local laws regulate air emissions, water discharges and hazardous waste
generation, treatment, storage, handling, transportation and disposal. The
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as
amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
('Superfund'), and similar state laws provide for responses to and liability for
releases of hazardous substances into the environment. The Toxic Substances
Control Act and related laws are designed to assess the risk of new products to
health and to the environment at early developmental stages. In addition, laws
adopted or proposed in various states impose or may impose, as the case may be,
reporting or remediation requirements if operations cease or property is
transferred or sold.
The Company believes that it is currently in material compliance with the
federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations to which it
is subject (and regulatory orders relating to alleged prior violations thereof).
The Clean Air Act, however, was amended in 1990. While the Company believes that
its facilities meet current regulatory standards applicable to air emissions,
some of its facilities will be required to comply with new standards for air
emissions to be adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
(the 'USEPA') and state environmental protection agencies over the next several
years pursuant to regulations that are currently being drafted or that have been
promulgated. At this time, however, the regulations which have been promulgated
do not necessitate the installation of additional controls or changes in
manufacturing processes in order for the Company to achieve compliance with
these regulations. The Company is also subject to certain regulatory orders
relating to alleged prior violations of environmental laws and regulations which
could also require the Company to install additional controls for certain of its
emission sources or undertake changes in its manufacturing processes in future
years. Based on information currently available to it, the Company believes that
compliance with such regulations under the Clean Air Act and with such
regulatory orders will not have a material adverse effect on the Company.
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The Company, like other companies in the United States, has received and
continues periodically to receive notices from the USEPA or state environmental
protection agencies, as well as claims from others, alleging that the Company is
a potentially responsible party (a 'PRP') under Superfund and similar state laws
for past and future remediation costs at hazardous substance disposal sites.
Although Superfund liability is joint and several, in general, final allocation
of responsibility at sites where there are multiple PRPs is made based on each
PRP's relative contribution of hazardous substances to the site.
In 1993, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (the
'DEC') notified Union Carbide that it was a PRP at a site known as the Booth Oil
site and that the DEC had a claim against it for remediation and reimbursement
of related costs and expenses estimated by the Company to be $1 million to date.
Approximately 12 other large corporate PRPs have been named at this site. The
DEC has recommended remediation estimated to cost in the range of $12 million to
$22 million. An informal PRP group, which includes approximately 20 companies,
has retained a contractor to review the recommendation and propose an
alternative remedy, which is estimated to cost approximately $7 million, and is
negotiating with the DEC regarding the proper remedy for the site. To date,
there have been no discussions among the PRPs or with the DEC regarding
allocation of costs among the PRPs.
Pursuant to the Environmental Management Services and Liabilities
Allocation Agreement among Union Carbide, the Company and Union Carbide's then
other subsidiaries and affiliates, entered into in connection with the
Realignment (the 'Environmental Management Agreement'), Union Carbide is
managing this matter on behalf of itself and such subsidiaries and affiliates
(including the Company). The Environmental Management Agreement provides that
any alleged violation of an environmental law or regulation is the
responsibility of the party whose business, or former business, caused the
violation and provides for cross-indemnification. All of the parties to the
Environmental Management Agreement used the Booth Oil site in the past for waste
oil recycling. In addition, the DEC has alleged that the Company contributed
approximately 200 pounds of spent sludges containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane from
degreasing operations to the site.
After negotiations among the PRPs and the DEC concerning total cost and
allocation of cost have been completed, it is anticipated that Union Carbide
will be assigned its percentage of the total cost based on the volumetric
contribution made by Union Carbide and such subsidiaries and affiliates to the
site. This percentage will be further allocated, pursuant to the Environmental
Management Agreement, among Union Carbide and such subsidiaries and affiliates.
Based on the Company's knowledge of the Booth Oil site and its past experience
at such inactive disposal sites, the Company does not expect the contribution by
the Company to be material to the Company.
The Company sold its Republic plant in Niagara Falls, New York in 1986.
Adjacent to the Republic plant is a solid waste landfill. Ownership of the
landfill was retained by the Company, and the landfill was closed by the Company
in 1987 in accordance with a DEC closure plan. In early 1991, the DEC notified
the Company that it was investigating the landfill as a former inactive
hazardous waste site. The site is currently classified as a site for which the
DEC has insufficient information to determine whether hazardous wastes or
substances are present, and the DEC's investigation is on-going. To date, the
costs associated with this site have not been, and the Company does not
anticipate that future costs will be, material to the Company.
The Company has established and continues to establish accruals for
environmental liabilities where it is probable that a liability will be incurred
and the amount of the liability can be reasonably estimated. The Company adjusts
accruals as new remediation and other commitments are made and as information
becomes available which changes estimates previously made.
Estimates of future costs of environmental protection are necessarily
imprecise due to numerous uncertainties, including the impact of new laws and
regulations, the availability and application of new and diverse technologies,
the extent of insurance coverage, the identification of new hazardous substance
disposal sites at which the Company may be a PRP and, in the case of sites
subject to Superfund and similar state laws, the ultimate allocation of costs
among PRPs and the final determination of remedial requirements. Subject to the
inherent imprecision in estimating such future costs, but taking into
consideration the Company's experience to date regarding environmental matters
of a similar nature and facts currently known, the Company believes that costs
and capital expenditures (in each case, before adjustment for inflation) for
environmental protection will not increase materially over the next several
years. Expenses relating to environmental protection were
14
<PAGE>
approximately $10 million, $15 million and $15 million in 1994, 1995, and 1996,
respectively. Capital expenditures relating to environmental protection were
approximately $5 million, $6 million and $14 million in 1994, 1995, and 1996,
respectively.
INSURANCE
The Company's policy is to obtain public liability, property and other
insurance, to the extent that it is currently available, which provides coverage
that it believes is appropriate upon terms and conditions and at a price that it
considers fair and reasonable. The Company believes that it has public liability
insurance in an amount sufficient to meet its current needs in light of pending,
threatened and anticipated future litigation and claims. There can be no
assurance, however, that the Company will not incur losses beyond the limits of,
or outside the coverage of, its insurance.
EMPLOYEES
At December 31, 1996, the Company (excluding EMSA and UCAR Grafit) had
approximately 3,835 employees, of which approximately 1,374 were in the United
States, 1,116 were in Europe, 1,072 were in Mexico and South America, 270 were
in Canada and 3 were in the Asia Pacific region. At December 31, 1996, the
Company had approximately 2,680 hourly employees. At December 31, 1996, EMSA had
approximately 447 employees, of which approximately 327 were hourly, in South
Africa. UCAR Grafit had approximately 1,098 employees in Russia at December 31,
1996, of which approximately 882 were hourly and 216 were salaried.
Approximately 70% of the Company's employees (excluding those employed by EMSA
and UCAR Grafit) are covered by collective bargaining or similar agreements
which expire at various times in each of the next several years. None of the
employees of UCAR Grafit are covered by a collective bargaining or similar
agreement. At December 31, 1996, approximately 1,973, or 34%, of the Company's
employees (including those employed by EMSA and UCAR Grafit) were covered by
such agreements which expire, or are subject to renegotiation, at various times
during the remainder of 1997. The Company believes that its relationships with
its unions are satisfactory and that it will be able to renew or extend its
collective bargaining or similar agreements on reasonable terms as they expire.
There can be no assurance, however, that renewed or extended agreements will be
reached without a work stoppage or strike or will be reached on terms
satisfactory to the Company. A prolonged work stoppage at any one of its
manufacturing facilities could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
results of operations. The Company has not had any material work stoppages or
strikes during the past decade.
DESCRIPTION OF INDEBTEDNESS
The Company is highly leveraged and its indebtedness may increase in
connection with the implementation of its stock repurchase program and future
acquisitions. At December 31, 1996, the Company had an aggregate of $635 million
of outstanding indebtedness and a stockholder's deficit of $2 million as
compared to $668 million and $167 million, respectively, at December 31, 1995.
The Company's high degree of leverage could have important consequences,
including the following: (i) the Company's ability to obtain additional
financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, general
corporate or other purposes may be impaired in the future; (ii) a substantial
portion of the Company's cash flow from operations must be dedicated to debt
service, thereby reducing the funds available to the Company for other purposes;
(iii) the Company may be substantially more leveraged than certain of its
competitors, which may place the Company at a competitive disadvantage; and (iv)
the Company's substantial degree of leverage may hinder its ability to adjust
rapidly to changing market conditions and could make it more vulnerable in the
event of a downturn in general economic conditions or its business.
The Company's ability to service or to refinance its debt will depend on
its financial and operating performance, which, in turn, is subject to
prevailing economic conditions and to certain financial, business and other
factors beyond its control. If the Company's cash flow and capital resources are
insufficient to fund its debt service obligations, the Company may be forced to
reduce or delay planned capital expenditures, sell assets, obtain additional
equity capital or restructure its debt. While substantially all minimum required
principal payments due on such debt through the end of the second quarter of
1998 have been prepaid, there can be no
15
<PAGE>
assurance that the Company's results of operations, cash flow and capital
resources will be sufficient to pay the interest on such debt or subsequent
required principal payments. In the absence of such results of operations, cash
flow and resources, the Company could face substantial liquidity problems and
might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet its debt
service and other obligations. There can be no assurance as to the timing of
such sales or the amount of proceeds which the Company could realize therefrom.
In addition, since the Company's obligations under the Senior Bank Facilities
bear interest at floating rates, an increase in interest rates could adversely
affect, among other things, the Company's ability to meet its debt service
obligations.
The Senior Bank Facilities and the Subordinated Note Indenture contain a
number of significant restrictive covenants. The Company is currently in
compliance with such covenants. Its ability to continue to comply may be
affected by events beyond its control, including prevailing economic, financial
and industry conditions. The breach of any of such covenants could result in a
default under the Senior Bank Facilities or the Subordinated Note Indenture,
which would permit the senior lenders or the holders of the Subordinated Notes
to declare all amounts borrowed thereunder to be due and payable, together with
accrued and unpaid interest, and the commitments of the senior lenders to make
further extensions of credit under the Senior Bank Facilities could be
terminated. If the Company were unable to repay its indebtedness to its senior
lenders, such lenders could proceed against the collateral securing such
indebtedness.
Description of Senior Bank Facilities. The Senior Bank Facilities consist
of: (a) a Tranche A Facility in an aggregate principal amount of $355 million
(the 'Tranche A Facility') consisting of (i) a Tranche A Senior Secured Letter
of Credit Facility providing for the issuance of $310 million of U.S.
dollar-denominated letters of credit (the 'Letter of Credit Facility') for the
purpose of supporting $300 million of U.S. dollar-denominated loans (the
'Tranche A Foreign Subsidiary Loans') and 90 days' interest thereon to certain
foreign subsidiaries of Global (together with Global, the 'Credit Parties')
under facilities arranged with local lending institutions and (ii) a Tranche A
Senior Secured Term Loan Facility (the 'Tranche A Term Facility') providing for
term loans ('Tranche A Term Loans') of $45 million to Global; (b) a Tranche B
Senior Secured Term Loan Facility providing for term loans of $175 million to
Global (the 'Tranche B Term Facility' and, together with the Tranche A Term
Facility, the 'Term Facilities'); and (c) a Senior Secured Revolving Credit
Facility (the 'Revolving Facility') providing for revolving and swing line loans
to Global and the issuance of U.S. dollar-denominated letters of credit for the
account of Global or other designated Credit Parties in an aggregate principal
and stated amount at any time not to exceed $100 million. The amount available
under the revolving facility at December 31, 1996 was $73 million. The revolving
facility terminates on December 31, 2001.
The Tranche A Facility (including the letters of credit issued thereunder)
amortizes in quarterly installments over six years, with installments ranging
from $40 million in year one to $85 million in year six and with the final
installment payable on December 31, 2001. The Tranche B Term Facility amortizes
over seven years with nominal quarterly installments during the first five
years, quarterly installments aggregating $50 million in the sixth year and
quarterly installments aggregating $120 million in the seventh year, with the
final installment payable on December 31, 2002. The Revolving Facility
terminates on December 31, 2001.
During 1996, the Company made payments in advance of installments due, on
the Tranche A Facility and Tranche B Term Facility, of $25 million and $30
million, respectively ($61 million and $25 million, respectively, during 1995).
Accordingly, the Company's next required installment payments for the Tranche A
Facility and Tranche B Term Facility occur during 1998 and 2002, respectively.
Commencing in 1996, the Credit Parties have been required to make mandatory
prepayments of loans, and letters of credit will be mandatorily reduced, subject
to certain exceptions, in the amount of (a) 85% of consolidated excess cash flow
(as defined) of Global and its subsidiaries (after giving effect to debt service
on the Senior Bank Facilities and the Subordinated Notes), (b) 100% of the net
proceeds of certain dispositions of assets or stock of subsidiaries or
incurrence of certain indebtedness by UCAR, Global or any of their subsidiaries
and (c) 50% of the net proceeds of the issuance of any equity securities by
UCAR. No mandatory prepayments were required for 1996.
The obligations of the Credit Parties under the Senior Bank Facilities are
unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by UCAR and each of its direct or
indirect domestic subsidiaries (collectively, the 'Guarantors'). In addition,
the Senior Bank Facilities and such guarantees are secured by first priority or
equivalent security interests in substantially all capital stock and the
tangible and intangible personal property of Global and the
16
<PAGE>
Guarantors, including all the capital stock of, or other equity interests in,
each other direct or indirect domestic subsidiary of Global and 65% of the
capital stock of, or other equity interests in, each direct foreign subsidiary
of Global or any Guarantor or, in any case in which Global or any Guarantor
holds directly less than 65% of such stock or equity interests in any foreign
subsidiary, all such stock or equity interests held by Global or such Guarantor
(to the extent permitted by applicable contractual and legal provisions).
Certain of the foreign subsidiaries have agreed to provide additional credit
support for obligations of foreign Credit Parties in respect of the Tranche A
Facility in the form of collateral and/or cross guarantees.
At Global's option, the interest rates applicable to the Senior Bank
Facilities are either adjusted LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.00% to 2.00%
or the alternate base rate plus a margin ranging from 0% to 0.50%. The alternate
base rate is the higher of Chase Manhattan Bank's prime rate or the federal
funds effective rate plus 0.50%. At the relevant foreign credit party's option,
the interest rate applicable to the Tranche A Foreign Subsidiary Loans is either
adjusted LIBOR plus 0.25% or the alternate base rate (or the local equivalent
thereof). Margins on either adjusted LIBOR or the alternate base rate may
decline based on the Company's performance as measured against specified ratios
and tests.
Global pays a per annum fee ranging from 1.00% to 1.50% of the aggregate
face amount of outstanding letters of credit under the Letter of Credit Facility
and the Revolving Facility and a per annum fee equal to 0.375% on the undrawn
portion of the commitments in respect of the Term Facilities, the Letter of
Credit Facility and the Revolving Facility.
The Senior Bank Facilities contain a number of significant covenants that,
among other things, restrict the ability of Global and its subsidiaries to
dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, repay other indebtedness or
amend other debt instruments, create liens on assets, enter into leases,
investments or acquisitions, engage in mergers or consolidations, make capital
expenditures, engage in certain transactions with subsidiaries and affiliates or
pay dividends and that otherwise restrict corporate activities. In addition,
under the Senior Bank Facilities, Global is required to comply with specified
financial ratios and tests, including minimum interest coverage and maximum
leverage ratios.
The Senior Bank Facilities prohibit any modification of the indenture
pursuant to which the Subordinated Notes were issued (the 'Subordinated Note
Indenture') in any manner adverse to the lenders under the Senior Bank
Facilities and limit Global's ability to refinance the Subordinated Notes
without the consent of such lenders.
In addition to the failure to pay principal and interest on amounts
outstanding under, and fees in respect of letters of credit outstanding and
undrawn commitments under, the Senior Bank Facilities, events of default under
the Senior Bank Facilities include failure to comply with the covenants in the
Senior Bank Facilities, acceleration of or failure to pay when due other
indebtedness exceeding $7.5 million, judgment defaults in excess of $7.5 million
to the extent not covered by insurance, certain events of bankruptcy and certain
changes in control. For this purpose, a change in control occurs on the date on
which any person (other than Blackstone and Company management) beneficially
owns more than 25% of the total voting power of UCAR and Blackstone and Company
management beneficially own less than a majority of such voting power, a
majority of the directors of UCAR then serving are individuals who were neither
nominated by Blackstone and Company management or by a majority of the directors
of UCAR (or by directors so nominated) then serving or a change in control of
UCAR or Global occurs with respect to any other indebtedness exceeding $7.5
million. See 'Recent Developments--Proposed Amendments to Credit Facilities.'
There can be no assurance that Global will have the financial resources
necessary to repay amounts due under the Senior Bank Facilities upon an event of
default thereunder.
Description of Subordinated Notes. In connection with the
Recapitalization, Global issued $375 million aggregate principal amount of
Subordinated Notes pursuant to the Subordinated Note Indenture, $175 million of
which were redeemed in connection with the Redemption. Interest on the
Subordinated Notes is payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each
year at the rate of 12% per annum. The Subordinated Notes mature on January 15,
2005. Except as described below, Global may not redeem the Subordinated Notes
prior to January 15, 2000. On or after such date, Global may redeem the
remaining Subordinated Notes, in whole or in part, at specified redemption
prices beginning at 104.5% of the principal amount of the Subordinated Notes
redeemed for the year commencing January 15, 2000 and reducing to 100% of such
principal amount for the
17
<PAGE>
years 2003 and thereafter, in each case together with accrued and unpaid
interest thereon. Upon the occurrence of a change of control, (i) Global will
have the option to redeem the then outstanding Subordinated Notes in whole but
not in part at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof,
plus a specified premium, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and (ii) if
Global does not so redeem the Subordinated Notes, Global will be required to
make an offer to repurchase the Subordinated Notes at a price equal to 101% of
the principal amount thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon.
For this purpose, a change in control occurs on (i) the date on which any person
other than Blackstone and Company management beneficially owns more than 35% of
the total voting power of UCAR and Blackstone and Company management
beneficially own a lesser percentage of such voting power and do not have the
right or ability to elect or designate for election a majority of UCAR's Board
of Directors or (ii) the date, at the end of any two year period (or any time
during the two year period ending January 26, 1997), on which individuals, who
at the beginning of such period were directors of UCAR (or individuals nominated
or elected by a vote of 66 2/3% of such directors or directors previously so
elected or nominated), cease to constitute a majority of UCAR's Board of
Directors.
The Subordinated Notes are unsecured and subordinated to all existing and
future senior indebtedness of Global. The Subordinated Notes will rank pari
passu with any future senior subordinated indebtedness of Global and senior to
all other subordinated indebtedness of Global. The Subordinated Notes are
unconditionally guaranteed on a senior subordinated basis by UCAR.
The Subordinated Note Indenture contains various covenants which, among
other things and in each case subject to significant specified exceptions, limit
the ability of the Company to incur additional indebtedness, limit the ability
of Global and its subsidiaries to pay dividends, make certain investments and
other restricted payments, create or permit to exist restrictions on
distributions from such subsidiaries, or sell assets and subsidiary stock unless
the net cash proceeds are used to repay debt, invest in assets or repurchase
Subordinated Notes, restrict transactions with affiliates, prohibit UCAR from
engaging in any business activities other than holding the stock of Global and
certain permitted investments and limit the ability of Global to sell any
capital stock of its subsidiaries or enter into certain mergers and
consolidations.
In addition to the failure to pay principal and interest on, or repurchase
when require, Subordinated Notes, events of default under the Subordinated Note
Indenture include failure to comply with certain covenants in the Subordinated
Note Indenture, acceleration of other indebtedness exceeding $25 million,
judgment defaults in excess of $25 million to the extend not covered by
insurance and certain events of bankruptcy. There can be no assurance that
Global will have the financial resources necessary to purchase the Subordinated
Notes upon a change in control or to pay amounts due under the Subordinated Note
Indenture upon an event of default. The Subordinated Note Indenture also
contains provisions as to legal defeasance and covenant defeasance.
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<PAGE>
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company currently operates the following facilities, which are owned or
leased as indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OWNED OR
LOCATION OF FACILITY PRIMARY USE LEASED
- - ------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
UNITED STATES
Irvine, California...................... Machine Shop and Sales Office Leased
Danbury, Connecticut.................... Corporate Headquarters and Sales Office Leased
Niagara Falls, New York................. Coal Calcining Facility Owned
Lakewood, Ohio.......................... Flexible Graphite Manufacturing Facility and Sales Office Owned
Parma, Ohio............................. Technology Center Owned
Clarksville, Tennessee.................. Electrode Manufacturing Facility and Sales Office Owned
Columbia, Tennessee..................... Electrode Manufacturing Facility and Sales Office Owned
Lawrenceburg, Tennessee................. Carbon Specialty Product Manufacturing Facility Owned
Clarksburg, West Virginia............... Graphite Specialty Product Manufacturing Facility and Owned
Sales Office
INTERNATIONAL
Salvador Bahia, Brazil.................. Electrode Manufacturing Facility Owned
Sao Paulo, Brazil....................... Sales Office Leased
Welland, Canada......................... Electrode Manufacturing Facility and Sales Office Owned
Beijing, China.......................... Sales Office Leased
Calais, France.......................... Electrode Manufacturing Facility Owned
Notre Dame, France...................... Electrode and Graphite Specialty Product Manufacturing Owned
Facility and Sales Office
Notre Dame, France(1)................... Carbon Cathode Manufacturing Facility Owned
Rungis, France.......................... Sales Office and European Headquarters Leased
Venissieux, France(1)................... Carbon Cathode Manufacturing Facility and Technology Owned
Center
Berlin, Germany(1)...................... Electrode Manufacturing Facility Leased
Hong Kong............................... Sales Office Leased
Caserta, Italy.......................... Electrode Manufacturing Facility Owned
Malonno, Italy.......................... Machine Shop Owned
Milano, Italy........................... Administration and Sales Office Leased
Monterrey, Mexico....................... Electrode Manufacturing Facility and Sales Office Owned
Vyazma, Russia(1)....................... Electrode Manufacturing Facility and Sales Office Owned
Singapore............................... Sales Office Leased
Meyerton, South Africa(2)............... Electrode Manufacturing Facility Owned
Sales Office Leased
Pamplona, Spain......................... Electrode Manufacturing Facility and Sales Office Owned
Geneva, Switzerland..................... Sales Office Leased
Sheffield, United Kingdom............... Machine Shop and Sales Office Owned
</TABLE>
- - ------------------
(1) Facilities of the Acquired Companies.
(2) Facilities of EMSA.
The Company believes that its facilities, which are of varying ages and
types of construction, are in good condition, are suitable for the Company's
operations and generally provide sufficient capacity to meet the Company's
requirements for the foreseeable future.
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<PAGE>
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is involved in various legal proceedings incidental to the
conduct of its business. While it is not possible to determine the ultimate
disposition of each of these proceedings, the Company believes that the ultimate
disposition of such proceedings (including the lawsuit discussed below) will not
have a material adverse effect on the Company.
In 1978, a lawsuit entitled Ortiz, et al. v. Union Carbide Grafito,
Inc. was commenced in the Superior Court of Puerto Rico by persons residing near
the Company's Yabucoa, Puerto Rico facility alleging property damage and
personal injury due to air emissions and noise from the facility. The defendant,
Union Carbide Grafito, Inc. ('Grafito'), is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the
Company. The Yabucoa facility ceased operations in 1989 and was demolished in
1994. Grafito had no other operations. In 1986, the complaint was dismissed as
to approximately two-thirds of the 759 plaintiffs for failure to provide
discovery. In 1987, the complaint was dismissed as to the remaining plaintiffs
for failure to prosecute the lawsuit. Certain of the plaintiffs thereafter
retained new counsel and filed a motion to set aside the 1986 and 1987
dismissals. That motion was denied by the trial court and an appeal was taken to
the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico. In 1992, the Supreme Court remanded the case
to the Superior Court for a hearing on whether the dismissals should be vacated
on the ground that plaintiffs' former counsel had allowed the dismissals to
occur due to fraud. The hearing was held in March and June 1995, and a decision
was rendered in favor of Grafito. On March 8, 1996, the plaintiffs filed a writ
of appeal with the Circuit Court of Appeals; such writ of appeal was dismissed
on procedural grounds. On June 14, 1996, the plaintiffs filed a petition for
certiorari to the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico seeking review of the dismissal
of such writ of appeal. The Supreme Court issued a writ of certiorari to review
the dismissal. Such writ of certiorari is pending while the parties file their
respective briefs with the Supreme Court. Grafito intends to take all
appropriate action to oppose the writ. Pursuant to the Recapitalization
Agreement, Union Carbide and Mitsubishi have agreed to indemnify UCAR and
Blackstone for any liabilities in excess of $20 million arising out of the
lawsuit.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
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<PAGE>
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
MARKET INFORMATION
The common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading
symbol 'UCR'. The closing sale price of the common stock was 37 5/8 on December
31, 1996, the last trading day of the Company's last fiscal year. The following
table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing sales
prices for the common stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HIGH LOW
---- ---
<S> <C> <C>
1995:
Third Quarter*..................................................................... $29 1/4 $243/4
Fourth Quarter..................................................................... 33 3/4 26 3/8
1996:
First Quarter...................................................................... $39 1/2 $31
Second Quarter..................................................................... 44 7/8 39
Third Quarter...................................................................... 41 7/8 34 3/4
Fourth Quarter..................................................................... 41 1/8 32 5/8
</TABLE>
- - ------------------
* Public trading commenced on August 10, 1995.
As of December 31, 1996, there were 66 record holders of common stock. The
Company estimates that approximately 9,700 stockholders are represented by
nominees.
DIVIDEND POLICY
Although the Company is currently able to pay certain cash dividends, it
is the current policy of UCAR's Board of Directors to retain earnings to finance
operations, fund acquisitions, repurchase common stock and repay debt. Any
declaration and payment of cash dividends will be subject to the discretion of
UCAR's Board of Directors and will be dependent upon the Company's financial
condition, results of operations, cash requirements and future prospects, the
limitations contained in the Senior Bank Facilities and the Subordinated Note
Indenture and other factors deemed relevant by UCAR's Board of Directors. There
can be no assurance that any cash dividends will be declared or paid.
UCAR is a holding company that derives all of its cash flow from Global,
the common stock of which constitutes UCAR's only material asset. Consequently,
UCAR's ability to pay dividends is dependent upon the earnings of Global and its
subsidiaries and the distribution of those earnings by Global to UCAR.
Under the Senior Bank Facilities, Global and UCAR are permitted to pay
dividends to their respective stockholders only in an aggregate amount equal to
a percentage, ranging from 25% to 35% based on certain financial tests, of
cumulative adjusted consolidated net income (provided that, in any event,
dividends aggregating up to $15 million are permitted in any twelve-month
period). In addition, Global is permitted to pay dividends to UCAR (i) in
respect of UCAR's administrative fees and expenses and (ii) for the specific
purpose of the purchase or redemption by UCAR of capital stock held by present
or former officers of the Company up to $5 million per year or $25 million in
the aggregate. In general, amounts which are permitted to be paid as dividends
in a year but are not so paid may be paid in subsequent years.
The Subordinated Note Indenture restricts the payment of dividends by
Global to UCAR if (a) at the time of such proposed dividend, Global is unable to
meet certain indebtedness incurrence and income tests or (b) the total amount of
the dividends paid exceeds specified aggregate limits based on consolidated net
income, net proceeds from asset and stock sales and certain other transactions.
Such restrictions are not applicable to dividends paid to UCAR (i) in respect of
UCAR's administrative fees and expenses and (ii) for the specific purpose of the
purchase or redemption by UCAR of capital stock held by present or former
officers of the Company in the amount of up to $5 million per year or $25
million in the aggregate.
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<PAGE>
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected annual consolidated financial data (excluding the
'quantity of graphite electrodes sold') has been derived from the Consolidated
Financial Statements at the dates and for the periods indicated, which have been
audited by KPMG Peat Marwick LLP as indicated in their reports thereon. The
selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read in
conjunction with 'Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations' and the Consolidated Financial Statements at December
31, 1996 and 1995 and for each of the years in the three year period ended
December 31, 1996 and the related notes.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994 1993 1992
----- ----- ----- ----- -----
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE
DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales........................................................ $ 948 $ 901 $ 758 $ 740 $ 659
Gross profit..................................................... 365 345 243 203 104(a)
Selling, administrative and other expenses....................... 90 115 79 73 78
Restructuring costs.............................................. -- 30 -- 33 9
Operating profit (loss).......................................... 268 189(c) 162 80 (1)(a)
Total interest expense........................................... 61 93 19 21 22
Income (loss) before extraordinary charge and cumulative effect
of changes in accounting principles........................... 145 25(c) 100 50 (30)(a)
Extraordinary charge, net of tax(d).............................. -- 37 -- -- --
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles............ 7 -- -- (20) (55)
Net income (loss)................................................ 152 (12)(c) 100 30 (85)(a)
Net income per share before cumulative effect of change in
accounting principles (Pro forma 1995)........................ 3.00 1.87(e)
Net income per share............................................. 3.15
Weighted average shares outstanding (Pro forma in 1995) (in
thousands)(f)................................................. 48,469 48,763
BALANCE SHEET DATA (AT PERIOD END):
Cash and cash equivalents........................................ $ 95 $ 53 $ 60 $ 54 $ 28
Total assets..................................................... 988 864 778 831 784
Total debt....................................................... 635 668 247 268 269
Stockholders' equity (deficit)................................... (2) (167) 192 188 198
OTHER DATA:
Gross profit margin.............................................. 38.5% 38.3% 32.1% 27.4% 15.8%
Operating profit margin.......................................... 28.3 21.0 21.4 10.8 N/M
Depreciation..................................................... $ 36 $ 38 $ 39 $ 39 $ 44
Capital expenditures............................................. 62 65 34 26 19
EBITDA(g)........................................................ 304 249 201 147 43
Cash flow from operations........................................ 172 130 174 64 52
Cash flow from investing......................................... (104) (116) (56) (25) (13)
Cash flow from financing......................................... (26) (18) (105) (13) (26)
Quantity of graphite electrodes sold (thousands of metric
tons)(h)...................................................... 205 217(i) 196(i) 217(i) 205
</TABLE>
- - ------------------
N/M: Not meaningful.
(See footnotes on next page)
(a) Reduction of domestic inventory quantities in 1992 resulted in liquidation
of certain inventories carried on a 'last in, first out' basis acquired at
lower cost in prior years. This liquidation increased gross profit by $5
million and reduced net loss by $3 million in 1992.
(b) Represents costs recorded in connection with closing or downsizing
operations at certain locations as part of the Company's restructuring and
re-engineering projects. These costs consisted primarily of write-offs
of fixed assets and other shut down costs.
(c) Includes, in 1995, non-recurring charges related to the Recapitalization of
$8 million related to payments for a senior subordinated credit facility
which was available but not used and payments under the Company's Long Term
Incentive Compensation Plan and non-recurring expenses related to the
Initial Offering of $18 million for compensation expense related to
accelerated vesting of performance stock options and restricted matching
stock.
(d) Resulted from early extinguishment of debt in connection with the Redemption
and the Refinancing.
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<PAGE>
(Footnotes continued from previous page)
(e) For unaudited pro forma net income per share, historical net income (loss)
has been adjusted assuming that the Recapitalization, Initial Offering, the
Redemption and the Refinancing had occurred as of January 1, 1994.
Historical net income (loss) per share has been omitted as the historical
capitalization of the Company is not indicative of the Company's current
capital structure.
(f) Reflects common stock and common stock equivalents outstanding after the
Initial Offering, including common stock equivalents calculated in
accordance with the 'treasury stock method,' wherein the net proceeds from
the exercise of common stock equivalents are assumed to be used to
repurchase shares of common stock at the average price for such year.
(g) EBITDA, for this purpose, means operating profit (loss) plus depreciation,
amortization and the portion of restructuring costs applicable to fixed
asset write-offs. The amount of restructuring costs applicable to fixed
asset write-offs for 1993 and 1995 were $28 million and $22 million,
respectively. The Company believes that EBITDA is generally accepted as
providing useful information regarding a company's ability to service and/or
incur debt. EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute
for net income, cash flows from continuing operations or other consolidated
income or cash flow data prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles or as a measure of a company's profitability or
liquidity.
(h) Excludes graphite electrodes sold by EMSA, which aggregated 25,000 metric
tons, 25,000 metric tons, 24,000 metric tons, 27,000 metric tons and 26,000
metric tons in 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively.
(i) The quantity of graphite electrodes sold in the first quarter of 1994 was
impacted by Customer Buy-Ins during the fourth quarter of 1993 in advance of
price increases effective in January 1994, and the quantity of graphite
electrodes sold in the first quarter of 1995 was impacted by Customer
Buy-Ins in advance of price increases effective in April 1995.
23
<PAGE>
The following quarterly selected consolidated financial data has been
derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods indicated,
which have not been audited. The selected quarterly consolidated financial data
set forth below should be read in conjunction with 'Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations' and the Consolidated
Financial Statements at December 31, 1996 and 1995 and for each of the years in
the three year period ended December 31, 1996 and the related notes.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH
QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER
------- ------- ------- -------
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE
DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1996
Net sales................................................ $ 243 $ 241 $ 227 $ 237
Gross profit............................................. 93 96 86 90
Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting
principle............................................. 35 38 35 37
Net income (loss)........................................ 42 (a) 38 35 37
Net income per share before cumulative effect of change
in accounting principle............................... $ 0.73 $0.78 $0.72 $0.77
1995
Net sales................................................ $ 210 $ 227 $ 220 $ 244
Gross profit............................................. 74 88 84 99
Income (loss) before extraordinary charge................ (46 )(b) 27 13(d) 31
Net income (loss)........................................ (46 ) 25(c) (3)(c) 12(c)
Pro forma net income (loss) per share(e)................. $(0.01 ) $0.67 $0.58 $0.65
</TABLE>
- - ------------------
(a) Includes a cumulative effect on prior years of $7 million (after taxes)
related to a change in method of determining LIFO inventories.
(b) Includes restructuring costs of $20 million (after taxes), non-recurring
charges related to the Recapitalization of $6 million (after taxes) and
taxes associated with the Recapitalization of $37 million.
(c) Includes extraordinary charges resulting from early extinguishment of debt
of $2 million (after taxes) in the second quarter, $16 million (after taxes)
in the third quarter and $19 million (after taxes) in the fourth quarter.
(d) Includes compensation expense of $12 million (after taxes) resulting from
the accelerated vesting of performance stock options and restricted matching
stock in connection with the Initial Offering.
(e) For unaudited pro forma net income (loss) per share, historical net income
(loss) has been adjusted assuming that the Recapitalization, the Initial
Offering, the Redemption and the Refinancing had occurred as of January 1,
1995. Historical net income (loss) per share has been omitted as the
historical capitalization of the Company is not indicative of the Company's
current capital structure.
24
<PAGE>
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
GENERAL
In 1995, the Company consummated the Recapitalization, the Initial
Offering, the Redemption and the Refinancing. In 1996, the Secondary Offering
was consummated and the Company acquired 90% of the equity of UCAR Grafit.
Subsequent to December 31, 1996, the Company acquired 70% of the equity of
Carbone Savoie and through a newly-formed 70%-owned subsidiary, UCAR Elektroden,
acquired the graphite electrode business of EKL in Berlin, Germany. In addition,
the Company announced its intention to acquire the outstanding shares of EMSA
held by the Company's joint venture partner in South Africa. The acquisitions of
UCAR Grafit, Carbone Savoie and the graphite electrode business of EKL were
accounted for as purchases.
In May and July 1994, the Company increased its ownership of its Mexican
business from 79% to substantially 100% at a net cost of $23 million. These
transactions were accounted for as purchases. In 1995, the Company acquired
substantially all of the shares of its Brazilian subsidiary owned by public
shareholders in Brazil. The aggregate purchase price was $52 million, plus
expenses of $3 million. Thereafter, the Company acquired additional shares from
such Brazilian shareholders for $2 million. The acquisitions were accounted for
as purchases.
Cost Reduction Initiatives. Beginning in the mid-1980s, the Company
initiated a project to remove excess, high cost capacity. This project was
designed to close the older, highest cost facilities and increase the operating
efficiencies of the remaining facilities. Five locations were closed as a result
of this project (i.e., three separate manufacturing facilities in the Niagara
Falls, New York area, a manufacturing facility in Sweden and a manufacturing
facility in Puerto Rico). As a result of this project, the Company recorded
fixed asset write-offs and severance costs in 1985 and 1987 through 1989.
A second project was initiated in 1991 and continued through 1992 to
re-engineer work processes in the manufacturing facilities and offices and to
downsize the global work force. The Company, working with outside consultants,
redesigned work processes to improve the productivity of the work force and
eliminate unnecessary or redundant activities. The Company recorded severance
costs associated with this project of $28 million and $8 million in 1991 and
1992, respectively.
As a result of these projects, the Company developed a strategy to be the
low cost producer in its industry. With the improved productivity and
efficiencies that had been achieved in the manufacturing facilities, the Company
identified another project, which was approved by UCAR's Board of Directors in
1993, to close the Company's highest cost and oldest graphite manufacturing
facilities at that time, which were located in Sheffield, England and Forno
Allione, Italy, and to increase production at lower cost manufacturing
facilities in Europe and North America. The closing of these facilities resulted
in fixed asset write-offs of $28 million and related shut down costs of $5
million in 1993.
As a result primarily of the projects described in the three preceding
paragraphs, the Company reduced its work force by approximately 2,100 employees,
reduced the average manufacturing cycle time for graphite electrode production
by approximately 50% and achieved a one-third reduction in then existing
inventory levels. By the end of 1994, the Company had achieved annual cost
savings of approximately $101 million (as compared to 1990). The Company
achieved additional annual cost savings from these projects aggregating
approximately $15 million by the end of 1996 (as compared to 1994).
In January 1995, as part of the Company's low cost producer strategy,
UCAR's Board of Directors approved the Rationalization Project to close certain
high cost manufacturing operations and to add modern lower cost manufacturing
operations at the Company's North American graphite electrode plants. The
Rationalization Project was completed in July 1996 and is expected to yield
approximately $23 million in annual cost savings, with approximately $8 million
in savings having been realized in 1995, $20 million having been realized in
1996 and the full $23 million expected to be realized in 1997 (in each case, as
compared to 1994). Capital expenditures of $27 million to build the new
facilities and $4 million to shut down the old facilities were pre-funded as
part of the Recapitalization. The Company has written-off fixed assets of
approximately $22 million and recorded $8 million of shut down costs as
restructuring costs in 1995 in connection with the Rationalization Project. In
addition, the
25
<PAGE>
Technology Improvement Projects are expected to yield approximately $5 million
in additional annual cost savings by the end of 1997 (as compared to 1994) at an
aggregate cost of approximately $7 million.
Currency Matters. The Company sells its products in multiple currencies
but seeks to price its products based on dollar equivalent target prices for
each of its subsidiaries. These target prices are based on evaluations of the
relevant exchange rates, the relationship between all of the target prices and
other factors, if any, which the Company may deem appropriate. Each subsidiary
then seeks to institute price increases to achieve its target price when, as and
if local conditions permit. A subsidiary may rescind a price increase or grant
price discounts if required by local conditions. The impact on net sales of any
price increase in foreign countries can be mitigated or exaggerated by changes
in currency exchange rates. The Company has entered into hedging transactions to
reduce its exposure to changes in currency exchange rates.
While most of the Company's sales are made to customers in markets where
local currencies are readily convertible into dollars, the Company makes sales
to customers in other markets, particularly countries in the former Soviet
Union, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and the Asia Pacific region. When the
Company deems appropriate, the terms of sale to customers in these markets
require payment in dollars or deutsche marks and may additionally require
prepayment or delivery of a bank letter of credit or equivalent security for
payment.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain items
from the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the increase or decrease
(expressed as a percentage of such item in the comparable prior period) of such
items:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE
INCREASE
FOR THE YEAR ENDED (DECREASE)
DECEMBER 31, ---------------------
-------------------- 1995 TO 1994 TO
1996 1995 1994 1996 1995
---- ---- ---- ------- -------
(DOLLARS IN
MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales............................................ $948 $901 $758 5.2% 18.9%
Cost of sales........................................ 583 556 515 4.9 8.0
---- ---- ---- ------- -------
Gross profit......................................... 365 345 243 5.8 42.0
Selling, administrative and other expenses........... 90 115 79 (21.7) 45.6
Restructuring costs.................................. -- 30 -- N/M N/M
Operating profit..................................... 268 189 162 41.8 16.7
</TABLE>
- - ------------------
N/M: Not meaningful.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage
(rounded to the nearest tenth) of net sales represented by certain items in the
Consolidated Statements of Operations:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31,
-----------------------------
1996 1995 1994
----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales............................................................. 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of sales......................................................... 61.5 61.7 67.9
----- ----- -----
Gross profit.......................................................... 38.5 38.3 32.1
Selling, administrative and other expenses............................ 9.5 12.8 10.4
Restructuring costs................................................... -- 3.3 --
Operating profit...................................................... 28.3 21.0 21.4
</TABLE>
1996 Compared to 1995
Net sales in 1996 were $948 million, an increase of 5% from $901 million in
1995. This increase was led by the Company's graphite specialties and carbon
specialties businesses, which both had net sales increases of 13% in 1996 as
compared to 1995. The average selling prices (in dollars and net of changes in
currency exchange rates) for products of these businesses increased
approximately 8% in 1996 as compared to 1995. The carbon specialties business
had increased volume in carbon refractory products, which are sold
26
<PAGE>
primarily to the steel industry. The graphite specialties business had increased
volume in 'superfine grain' products, which are used in the semiconductor
industry, and increased volume in graphite cathodes, which are used in the
aluminum industry. Net sales of the Company's core graphite electrodes business,
which accounted for 73% of total net sales in 1996, increased approximately 3%
to $696 million in 1996 as compared to $675 million in 1995. The average selling
price (in dollars and net of changes in currency exchange rates) of graphite
electrodes sold increased approximately 6% to $3,185 per metric ton in 1996 as
compared to $3,000 per metric ton in 1995. The volume of graphite electrodes
sold in 1996 declined by approximately 5% in 1996 as compared to 1995. Graphite
electrode sales volume in Western Europe declined 18% in 1996 as compared to
1995 as a result of lower economic activity as members of the European Union
continued to work toward a unified monetary system. The Company believes that
demand for graphite electrodes will increase if economic conditions in Western
Europe improve and as announced new electric arc furnaces achieve typical
operating rates. Net sales for the Company's products outside of the United
States amounted to $642 million, or approximately 68% of total net sales, in
1996.
Gross profit in 1996 was $365 million, an increase of $20 million, or 6%,
from gross profit of $345 million in 1995. Price increases on all products sold
together with cost savings offset the decline in graphite electrode sales volume
and allowed for an increase in gross margin to 38.5% in 1996 as compared to
38.3% in 1995.
Operating profit in 1996 was $268 million (28% of net sales), an increase
of $79 million, or 42%, from operating profit of $189 million (21% of net sales)
in 1995. Excluding restructuring costs of $30 million, non-recurring expense of
$6 million associated with a senior subordinated credit facility available but
not used in connection with the Recapitalization, $18 million of non-recurring
compensation expense included in selling, administrative and other expenses as a
result of accelerated vesting of performance stock options and restricted
matching stock in connection with the Initial Offering and $2 million of other
expenses due to payments under the Company's Long Term Incentive Compensation
Plan accelerated as a result of the Recapitalization, operating profit in 1995
would have been $245 million (27% of net sales).
Selling, administrative and other expenses were $90 million in 1996, a
decrease of $25 million, or 22%, from $115 million in 1995. Selling,
administrative and other expenses in 1995 included $18 million in non-recurring
compensation expenses associated with the accelerated vesting of performance
stock options and restricted matching stock in connection with the Initial
Offering and $4 million associated with scheduled vesting of performance stock
options.
Restructuring costs of $30 million were incurred in 1995 in connection with
the Rationalization Project. No restructuring costs were incurred in 1996.
Other (income) expense (net) was income of $1 million in 1996 as compared
to expense of $3 million in 1995. The change resulted primarily from a $14
million decrease in interest income (primarily due to a reduction in short-term
investments by the Company's Brazilian subsidiary), a $9 million reduction in
expense from foreign currency adjustments (including reduced translation losses
from Brazilian operations and dollar-denominated debt of the Company's foreign
subsidiaries) and a non-recurring expense of $7 million associated with bank
fees due to the Recapitalization which were incurred in 1995 but not in 1996.
Interest expense decreased to $61 million in 1996 from $93 million in 1995.
In 1996, the average outstanding total debt balance was $643 million and the
average annual interest rate was 9.4% as compared to an average outstanding
total debt balance of $820 million and an average annual interest rate of 11.5%
in 1995.
Provision for income taxes was $68 million in 1996 as compared to $74
million in 1995. In 1995, income tax expense was higher than the amount computed
by applying the United States federal income tax rate primarily due to
non-recurring taxes of approximately $37 million associated with the
Recapitalization.
Minority stockholders' share of income of the Company's Brazilian
subsidiary decreased to $1 million in 1996 from $4 million in 1995 due to an
increase in the Company's ownership of that subsidiary. Substantially all of the
minority interest of the Brazilian subsidiary was purchased by the Company in
1995. The Company's share of net income of EMSA remained stable at $7 million in
1996 and 1995.
1995 Compared to 1994
Net sales for 1995 were $901 million, an increase of $143 million, or 19%,
from net sales of $758 million in 1994. This increase was largely the result of
the improved performance of the Company's graphite electrode business. This
increase was driven primarily by increases in the volume and price of graphite
electrodes sold. An
27
<PAGE>
11% increase in the volume of graphite electrodes sold brought volume to 217,000
metric tons in 1995 from 196,000 metric tons in 1994. Substantially all of the
volume increase resulted from increased sales in Eastern Europe, the Asia
Pacific region and the Middle East. This volume increase also reflected the
negative impact on volume in 1994 from Customer Buy-Ins in late 1993 in
anticipation of announced price increases which became effective on January 1,
1994. The average selling price per metric ton (in dollars and net of changes in
currency exchange rates) of graphite electrodes sold increased 9% in 1995 as
compared to 1994. Net sales of the Company's other products were $224 million,
an increase of $36 million, or 19%, from net sales of $188 million in 1994. This
increase was a result of higher demand and increased prices for these products.
Net sales for the Company's products outside of the United States amounted to
$615 million, or 68% of total net sales, in 1995.
Gross profit for 1995 was $345 million, an increase of $102 million, or
42%, from gross profit of $243 million for 1994. Price and volume increases of
graphite electrodes sold, as well as continued improvement in manufacturing
efficiency, helped to increase gross margin for 1995 to 38% as compared to 32%
for 1994.
Operating profit in 1995 was $189 million (21% of net sales), an increase
of $27 million, or 17%, from operating profit of $162 million (21% of net sales)
in 1994. On a pro forma basis, as if the Recapitalization, the Initial Offering,
the Redemption and the Refinancing had occurred on January 1, 1994, operating
profit in 1995 would have been $214 million (24% of net sales and a 35% increase
from 1994 operating profit, on such pro forma basis, of $158 million), excluding
$18 million of non-recurring compensation expense due to the accelerated vesting
of performance options and restricted matching stock in connection with the
Initial Offering and $8 million of non-recurring costs related to the
Recapitalization.
Selling, administrative and other expenses increased 46% to $115 million in
1995 from $79 million in 1994. This increase was due primarily to $18 million in
non-recurring compensation expense associated with the accelerated vesting of
performance stock options and restricted matching stock in connection with the
Initial Offering and $4 million associated with scheduled vesting of performance
stock options, a $4 million increase in compensation expense for other variable
compensation plans and a $4 million increase in other variable costs resulting
from higher sales.
Restructuring costs were $30 million in 1995 as compared to none in 1994.
The restructuring costs consisted of fixed asset write-offs of $22 million and
$8 million of related shutdown costs in connection with the Rationalization
Project.
Other (income) expense (net) was expense of $3 million in 1995 as compared
to income of $5 million in 1994. The change was principally the result of a $6
million expense associated with a senior subordinated credit facility provided,
but not used, in connection with the Recapitalization and a $4 million
translation loss on dollar-denominated debt of the Company's foreign
subsidiaries.
Interest expense increased to $93 million in 1995 from $19 million in 1994.
In 1995, the average outstanding total debt balance was $820 million and the
average annual interest rate was 11.5% as compared to an average outstanding
total debt balance of $254 million and an average annual interest rate of 7.4%
in 1994. The increases were primarily the result of the Recapitalization.
Provision for income taxes was $74 million in 1995 as compared to $37
million in 1994. The increase in income tax expense was primarily due to
non-recurring taxes of approximately $37 million associated with the
Recapitalization as a result of the repatriation to the United States of funds
borrowed by foreign subsidiaries, partially offset by the effect of lower
pre-tax income.
Minority stockholders' share of income of the Company's Brazilian and
Mexican subsidiaries decreased to $4 million in 1995 from $10 million in 1994
due to an increase in the Company's ownership of those subsidiaries.
Substantially all of the minority interest of the Mexican subsidiary was
purchased by the Company in May and July 1994 and substantially all of the
minority interest of the Brazilian subsidiary was purchased by the Company in
1995. The Company's share of net income of EMSA increased to $7 million in 1995
from $4 million in 1994 due to an increase in EMSA's earnings.
The Company recorded an extraordinary charge of $37 million related to
early extinguishment of debt (net of tax benefit of $20 million) resulting from
the prepayment in connection with the Recapitalization of $175 million of senior
notes issued by UCAR in 1994, the Redemption and the Refinancing. The
extraordinary
28
<PAGE>
charge consisted of a premium of $18 million paid on the redemption of the
Subordinated Notes and the write-off of deferred debt issuance costs of $39
million.
Net loss for 1995 totaled $12 million as compared with net income of $100
million in 1994. On a pro forma basis, as if the Recapitalization, the Initial
Offering, the Redemption and the Refinancing had occurred on January 1, 1995,
net income for 1995 would have been $91 million (after giving effect to $20
million in after tax restructuring costs relating to the Rationalization
Project), an increase of 52% from net income, on such pro forma basis, of $60
million in 1994.
The following table sets forth a summary of the results of operations for
1995, as adjusted for certain non-recurring expenses, taxes and costs:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPERATING NET
PROFIT INCOME
--------- ------
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS,
EXCEPT PER SHARE
DATA)
<S> <C> <C>
As reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements............... $ 189 $ (12 )
Non-recurring expenses, taxes and costs:
Compensation expense due to accelerated vesting of performance
stock options and restricted matching stock in connection with
the Initial Offering.......................................... 18 12
Senior subordinated credit facility expense and Long Term
Incentive Compensation Plan payments in connection with the
Recapitalization.............................................. 8 5
Extraordinary charge for early extinguishment of debt............ -- 37
Taxes associated with the Recapitalization....................... -- 37
Pro forma interest adjustment to give effect to the
Recapitalization, the Initial Offering, the Redemption and the
Refinancing as if they occurred on January 1, 1995............ (1) 12
--------- ------
Pro forma operating profit/net income.............................. $ 214 $ 91
--------- ------
--------- ------
Pro forma net income per share..................................... $1.87
------
------
</TABLE>
29
<PAGE>
EFFECTS OF INFLATION
In general, the Company's cost of sales is affected by the inflation in
each country in which it has a manufacturing facility. During the past three
years, the effects of inflation in the United States and foreign countries
(except for hyperinflationary countries) have been offset by a combination of
improved operating efficiency, improved pricing and permanent, on-going cost
savings and, accordingly, have not been material to the Company. The Company
maintains operations in Brazil and Mexico, countries which historically have had
hyperinflationary economies. Through December 31, 1993, the financial statements
of these foreign entities have been remeasured as if the respective functional
currencies of the Brazilian and Mexican economic environments were the United
States dollar. Accordingly, translation gains and losses were included in the
Consolidated Statements of Operations. Foreign currency gains on debt and prior
period tax liabilities were included in interest expense and provision for
income taxes, respectively. Effective January 1, 1994, because of significant
declines in the rate of inflation in Mexico, the Company changed its functional
currency in Mexico to the Mexican peso. The reporting currency amounts at the
date of the change were translated into the local currency at the then current
exchange rates, and those amounts became the new functional currency accounting
basis. Hyperinflation has not had a material effect on the Company's results of
operations, because the Company has been able to mitigate the effects of
hyperinflation by increasing prices generally in line with inflation as well as
through improved efficiency and cost savings.
The cost of petroleum coke, a principal raw material used by the Company,
and natural gas, which is used by the Company in its electrode and graphite
specialties baking operations, may fluctuate widely for various reasons,
including fuel shortages and cold weather. Changes in such costs have not been
material to the Company during the past three years.
EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES
The Company produces and sells its products in multiple currencies. In
general, the Company's results of operations are affected by changes in currency
exchange rates. Although such has not been the case in the past, such changes in
the future could have a material effect on the Company's results of operations.
The Company attempts to mitigate the effects of exchange rate changes by
adjusting sales prices, in local currency (to the extent permitted by local
market conditions), to maintain a dollar equivalent target price. In addition,
the Company engages in hedging activities and uses various off-balance sheet
financial instruments to manage exposure to general economic and specific
financial market risks caused by currency exchange rate changes. The amount of
forward exchange contracts used by the Company to minimize these risks was $350
million at December 31, 1996, $269 million at December 31, 1995 and $80 million
at December 31, 1994.
In connection with the Recapitalization, certain of the Company's foreign
subsidiaries borrowed $343 million of dollar-denominated debt. In November 1995,
the Company repatriated dollar-denominated debt of its Mexican subsidiary by
replacing it with debt of Global. As a result of such repatriation and other
principal payments, $189 million of dollar-denominated debt of the Company's
foreign subsidiaries was outstanding at December 31, 1996. Changes in the
exchange rates between the dollar and the currencies in the countries in which
these subsidiaries are located result in foreign currency gains and losses that
are reported in other (income) expense (net) in the Consolidated Statements of
Operations. While changes in currency exchange rates have not materially
affected the Company in the past, there can be no assurance that such changes
will not have a material adverse effect on the Company at some future date. In
November 1995, the Company's foreign subsidiaries with dollar-denominated debt
entered into forward foreign currency contracts to protect against exchange rate
changes. The amount of such contracts was $169 million at December 31, 1996 and
$198 million at December 31, 1995. Premiums on the contracts are amortized over
the life of the contracts, resulting in $4 million in charges which have been
amortized to other (income) expense (net) over 1995 and 1996. The Company
believes that the repatriation of the dollar-denominated debt from its Mexican
subsidiary and such contracts substantially mitigate the Company's exposure to
exchange rate changes related to such borrowings.
During December 1994 and in 1995, the Mexican peso devalued substantially
against the dollar. As a result of this devaluation, the stockholders' equity of
the Company's Mexican subsidiary was reduced by $14 million and $5 million
during December 1994 and in 1995, respectively. This reduction had no impact on
the Company's results of operations because translation gains and losses are
reported in the cumulative foreign currency
30
<PAGE>
translation adjustment component of stockholders' equity. The selling price of
graphite electrodes sold in Mexican pesos increased by 215% from December 1994
through December 1995, partially offsetting the significant devaluation of the
Mexican peso against the dollar. Approximately 38% of the Mexican subsidiary's
sales are made outside Mexico in dollars. The Company's dollar earnings from
such sales benefit to the extent that local costs become lower in dollar terms.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company's sources of funds have consisted principally of invested
capital, operating cash flow and debt financing from affiliates, banks and
institutional investors. The Company's uses of those funds (other than for
operations) have consisted principally of debt reduction, capital expenditures,
distributions to stockholders (including the redemption and repurchases of
common equity), acquisition of controlling interests in new companies or
businesses and acquisition of minority stockholders' shares of consolidated
subsidiaries. Acquisitions have been and are expected to be, and repurchases
under UCAR's stock repurchase program are expected to be, financed from existing
cash balances, cash flow from operations, short-term borrowings and borrowings
under the revolving credit facility.
Debt Financing and Debt Reduction. Upon consummation of the
Recapitalization, the Company established the Recapitalization Bank Facilities
which provided for borrowings of up to $685 million, of which $585 million was
used in connection with the Recapitalization. On October 19, 1995, the Company
refinanced the Recapitalization Bank Facilities with the Senior Bank Facilities
at more favorable interest rates and with more favorable covenants. The Senior
Bank Facilities provide for borrowings of up to $620 million, of which $520
million was used in connection with the Refinancing and $100 million is
available on a revolving credit basis for general corporate purposes. In 1995
and 1996, the Company voluntarily repaid an aggregate of $161 million and $55
million, respectively, of indebtedness under the Recapitalzation Bank Facilities
and the Senior Bank Facilities, which repayments were funded from available cash
and cash flow from operations. Accordingly, the Company's next required
installment payments for the Tranche A Facility and Tranche B Term Facility
occur during 1998 and 2002, respectively. In connection with the
Recapitalization, the Company, through Global, issued $375 million aggregate
principal amount of Subordinated Notes, of which $175 million aggregate
principal amount were redeemed with proceeds from the Initial Offering.
At December 31, 1996, the Company had total debt of $635 million and a
stockholders' deficit of $2 million as compared to $668 million and $167
million, respectively, at December 31, 1995. At December 31, 1996, cash and cash
equivalents were $95 million as compared to $53 million at December 31, 1995.
The Company is currently seeking to amend the Senior Bank Facilities to reduce
interest rates on amounts outstanding under the Senior Bank Facilities and to
increase the amount available on a revolving credit basis to $200 million to
allow for more flexibility in uses of free cash flow for acquisitions, capital
expenditures and stock repurchases. No assurance can be given that such
amendments will, in fact, become effective. Although no assurance can be given
that such will be the case, the Company believes that cash flow from operations
combined with its revolving credit facility and existing cash balances will be
adequate to meet debt service requirements, fund continued capital expenditures,
allow for certain growth opportunities, and meet working capital and general
corporate needs. The acquisition of the remaining shares of EMSA will be
financed with borrowings under the revolving credit facility, which is
expected to be amended as described above.
Inventory Levels and Working Capital. As a result of efficiencies achieved
pursuant to the Company's restructuring and re-engineering projects, there has
been improvement in managing inventory levels with respect to finished products,
work in process, raw materials and supplies for a given level of forecasted
sales. Inventory levels at any specified date are affected by increases in
inventories of raw materials to meet anticipated increases in sales of finished
products, Customer Buy-Ins in advance of announced price increases, changes in
scheduled production by the Company to meet anticipated Customer Buy-Ins and
other factors.
The Company's working capital increased to $234 million at December 31,
1996 from $175 million at December 31, 1995, primarily as a result of a $40
million increase in inventory levels due principally to weaker than expected
graphite electrode sales volume in Western Europe and an $11 million increase
resulting from a change in accounting for LIFO inventories in the United States.
Cash and cash equivalents were $42 million higher at December 31, 1996 than at
December 31, 1995. Cash and cash equivalents increased due to cash flow
31
<PAGE>
from operations in excess of cash used for financing and investing activities.
In addition, short-term debt increased by $22 million primarily due to the
acquisition of UCAR Grafit.
Capital Expenditures. Capital expenditures aggregated $62 million
(including $4 million for the Rationalization Project) in 1996. The Company
expects capital expenditures in 1997 to total approximately $75 million to $80
million (including approximately $11 million for the Focused Factory Project and
the Technology Improvement Projects and $15 million for capital improvements
relating to facilities held by companies recently acquired by the Company). In
November 1996, UCAR's Board of Directors approved a project to modernize the
Company's manufacturing facility in Caserta, Italy in order to reduce operating
costs, improve product quality, improve working conditions and reduce
particulate emissions at a cost of approximately $21 million. Capital
expenditures aggregated $65 million and $34 million in 1995 and 1994,
respectively. Except for the Focused Factory Project, most of the Company's
capital expenditures have been, and are expected to be, made to maintain
existing facilities and equipment, achieve cost savings and improve operating
efficiency.
Capital expenditures for the Rationalization Project of $27 million to
build new facilities and $4 million to pay costs to shut down old facilities
were pre-funded under the Recapitalization Bank Facilities as part of the
Recapitalization. During 1995, in connection with the Rationalization Project,
the Company wrote-off fixed assets of $22 million and recorded $8 million of
facility closing expenses and environmental clean-up costs.
CASH DISTRIBUTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS ON DIVIDENDS OR DISTRIBUTIONS
The Company made cash distributions to Union Carbide and Mitsubishi
aggregating $84 million on September 30, 1994 and $10 million on January 20,
1995. On January 26, 1995, in connection with the Recapitalization, the Company
repurchased and cancelled all of the common equity then held by Mitsubishi for
$406 million and paid to Union Carbide a dividend of $347 million. In March
1995, Union Carbide and Mitsubishi refunded approximately $7 million of the $10
million distributed on January 20, 1995 as required by the Recapitalization
Agreement.
Under the Senior Bank Facilities, Global and UCAR are generally permitted
to pay dividends to their respective stockholders only in an annual amount up to
the greater of $15 million or a specified percentage of adjusted consolidated
net income. In general, amounts which are permitted to be paid as dividends in a
year but are not so paid may be paid in subsequent years. The Subordinated Note
Indenture also limits the payment of dividends by Global to UCAR.
CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
Effective January 1, 1996, the Company changed its method of determining
LIFO inventories. The new methodology provides specifically identified
parameters for defining new items within the LIFO pool which the Company
believes improves the accuracy of costing those items. The Company recorded
income of $7 million (after related income taxes of $4 million) as the
cumulative effect on prior years of this change in accounting for inventories.
The new method of accounting resulted in charging lower inventory costs to cost
of goods sold during 1996 which reduced cost of goods sold by $4 million (and
increased net income by $2 million).
In October 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards ('SFAS') 123, 'Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation' which is effective for years beginning after December 15, 1995.
SFAS 123 permits a fair value based method of accounting for employee stock
compensation plans. It also allows a company to continue to use the intrinsic
value method of accounting prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion No.
25, 'Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees' ('APB 25'). Companies electing to
continue to use the accounting prescribed by APB 25 must make pro forma
disclosures of net income and net income per share as if the fair value based
method of accounting defined in SFAS 123 had been applied. The Company has
elected to continue the accounting prescribed by APB 25. Accordingly, the
adoption of SFAS 123 will have no effect on the Company with the exception of
expended disclosures required under SFAS 123.
COSTS RELATING TO PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
The Company has been and is subject to increasingly stringent environmental
protection laws and regulations. In addition, the Company has an on-going
commitment to rigorous internal environmental protection standards. Expenses
relating to environmental protection were approximately $10 million, $15 million
and $15 million in 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively. Capital expenditures
relating to environmental protection were approximately $5 million, $6 million
and $14 million in 1994, 1995 and 1996, respectively.
32
<PAGE>
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Independent Auditors' Report..................................................................... 34
Consolidated Balance Sheets...................................................................... 35
Consolidated Statements of Operations............................................................ 36
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows............................................................ 37
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)........................................ 38
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements....................................................... 39
</TABLE>
All other schedules are omitted because they are not required or are not
applicable or because the information is included in the Consolidated Financial
Statements or the notes thereto.
33
<PAGE>
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
To the Board of Directors
UCAR International Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets of UCAR
International Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996 and 1995, and the
related Consolidated Statements of Operations, Cash Flows and Stockholders'
Equity (Deficit) for each of the years in the three year period ended December
31, 1996. These Consolidated Financial Statements are the responsibility of the
Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
Consolidated Financial Statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the Consolidated Financial Statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of UCAR International
Inc. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 1996 and 1995, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three year period
ended December 31, 1996, in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles.
As discussed in note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, in 1996 the
Company changed its method of determining LIFO inventories.
Stamford, Connecticut
February 10, 1997
34
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT DECEMBER 31,
------------------
1996 1995
------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................................................. $ 95 $ 53
Notes and accounts receivable............................................................. 185 180
Inventories:
Raw materials and supplies............................................................. 39 28
Work in process........................................................................ 100 78
Finished goods......................................................................... 37 30
------ ------
176 136
Prepaid expenses.......................................................................... 27 34
------ ------
Total current assets................................................................. 483 403
------ ------
Property, plant and equipment............................................................... 1,087 1,013
Less: accumulated depreciation.............................................................. 653 635
------ ------
Net fixed assets..................................................................... 434 378
------ ------
Company carried at equity................................................................... 18 18
Other assets................................................................................ 53 65
------ ------
Total assets......................................................................... $ 988 $ 864
------ ------
------ ------
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable.......................................................................... $ 67 $ 56
Short-term debt........................................................................... 53 31
Payments due within one year on long-term debt............................................ 1 1
Accrued income and other taxes............................................................ 37 50
Other accrued liabilities................................................................. 91 90
------ ------
Total current liabilities............................................................ 249 228
------ ------
Long-term debt.............................................................................. 581 636
Other long-term obligations................................................................. 138 137
Deferred income taxes....................................................................... 16 20
Minority stockholders' equity in consolidated entities...................................... 6 5
Common stock subject to 'puts'.............................................................. -- 8
Less: related loans to management........................................................... -- (3)
------ ------
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, par value $.01, 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued................ -- --
Common stock, par value $.01, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 46,614,724 shares issued at
December 31, 1996; 45,961,718 shares issued at December 31, 1995....................... -- --
Additional paid-in capital................................................................ 498 485
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment........................................ (116) (116)
Retained earnings (deficit)............................................................... (384) (536)
------ ------
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)................................................. (2) (167)
------ ------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)................................. $ 988 $ 864
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
35
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales.................................................................... $ 948 $ 901 $ 758
Cost of sales................................................................ 583 556 515
------- ------- -------
Gross profit................................................................. 365 345 243
Research and development..................................................... 8 8 7
Selling, administrative and other expenses................................... 90 115 79
Restructuring costs.......................................................... -- 30 --
Other (income) expense (net)................................................. (1) 3 (5)
------- ------- -------
Operating profit........................................................... 268 189 162
------- ------- -------
Interest expense............................................................. 61 93 14
Interest expense -C&M Finance & Trading, B.V. (affiliate).................... -- -- 5
------- ------- -------
Total interest expense..................................................... 61 93 19
------- ------- -------
Income before provision for income taxes................................... 207 96 143
Provision for income taxes................................................... 68 74 37
------- ------- -------
Income of consolidated entities............................................ 139 22 106
Less: minority stockholders' share of income................................. 1 4 10
Plus: UCAR share of net income from company carried at equity................ 7 7 4
------- ------- -------
Income before extraordinary charge and cumulative
effect of change in accounting principles............................... 145 25 100
Extraordinary charge, net of tax............................................. -- 37 --
------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of change in
accounting principles................................................... 145 (12) 100
Cumulative effect on prior years of change in
accounting for inventories................................................. 7 -- --
------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)....................................................... $ 152 $ (12) $ 100
------- ------- -------
------- ------- -------
Primary net income per common share (Note 19) (Pro forma in 1995):
Income before cumulative effect of change
in accounting principles................................................ $ 3.00 $ 1.87
-------
-------
Cumulative effect on prior years of change
in accounting for inventories........................................... 0.15
-------
Primary net income per share............................................ $ 3.15
-------
-------
Weighted average common shares outstanding
(Pro forma in 1995) (in thousands).................................... 48,469 48,763
------- -------
------- -------
</TABLE>
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
36
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1996 1995 1994
----- ------- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income (loss).................................................................... $ 152 $ (12) $ 100
Extraordinary charge, net of tax..................................................... -- 37 --
Cumulative effect on prior years of
change in accounting for inventories............................................... (7) -- --
Non-cash (credits) charges to net income (loss):
Depreciation....................................................................... 36 38 39
Deferred income taxes.............................................................. 19 (18) (4)
Restructuring costs................................................................ -- 30
Vesting of performance stock options............................................... -- 19 --
Other non-cash charges............................................................. 10 11 10
Investing credits to net income.................................................... -- -- (1)
Working capital*..................................................................... (45) 14 32
Long-term assets and liabilities..................................................... 7 11 (2)
----- ------- -----
Net cash provided by operating activities..................................... 172 130 174
----- ------- -----
Cash flow from investing activities:
Capital expenditures................................................................. (62) (65) (34)
Purchase of subsidiaries............................................................. (45) (55) (23)
Redemption/sale of assets............................................................ 3 4 1
----- ------- -----
Net cash used in investing activities......................................... (104) (116) (56)
----- ------- -----
Cash flow from financing activities:
Short-term debt...................................................................... 22 (11) (174)
Long-term debt borrowings............................................................ 2 1,480 220
Long-term debt reductions............................................................ (58) (1,088) (67)
Financing costs...................................................................... -- (70) --
Sale of common stock, net of loans to management..................................... 4 427 --
Tax benefit arising from exercise of employee stock options.......................... 4 -- --
Cash distribution to stockholders.................................................... -- (756) (84)
----- ------- -----
Net cash used in financing activities......................................... (26) (18) (105)
----- ------- -----
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents................................... 42 (4) 13
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents........................... -- (3) (7)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period....................................... 53 60 54
----- ------- -----
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period............................................. $ 95 $ 53 $ 60
----- ------- -----
----- ------- -----
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Net cash paid during the year for:
Interest expense................................................................... $ 54 $ 79 $ 16
Income taxes....................................................................... 45 30 30
*Net change in working capital by component (excluding cash and cash equivalents,
deferred income taxes and short-term debt):
(Increase) decrease in current assets:
Notes and accounts receivable:
Sale of receivables........................................................... $ 3 $ -- $ 4
Other changes................................................................. (9) (25) 53
Inventories........................................................................ (29) (16) (15)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets.......................................... 6 (5) (2)
Increase (decrease) in payables and accruals......................................... (16) 60 (8)
----- ------- -----
Working capital............................................................... $ (45) $ 14 $ 32
----- ------- -----
----- ------- -----
</TABLE>
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
37
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUMULATIVE
FOREIGN
ADDITIONAL CURRENCY RETAINED TOTAL
COMMON PAID-IN TRANSLATION EARNINGS STOCKHOLDERS'
STOCK CAPITAL ADJUSTMENT (DEFICIT) EQUITY (DEFICIT)
------ ---------- ---------- -------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1993....................... $-- $166 $ (97) $ 119 $ 188
Cash distribution to stockholders................ -- (27) -- (57) (84)
Translation adjustment from liquidated investment
included in determining net income............ -- -- 2 -- 2
Change in functional currency in Mexico.......... -- -- (8) -- (8)
Translation adjustment........................... -- -- (6) -- (6)
Net income....................................... -- -- -- 100 100
------ ---------- ---------- -------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1994....................... -- 139 (109) 162 192
Sale of common stock............................. -- 424 -- -- 424
Vesting of performance stock options............. -- 19 -- -- 19
Repurchase and cancellation of common stock...... -- (70) -- (336) (406)
Dividends paid................................... -- -- -- (350) (350)
Transaction fees................................. -- (9) -- -- (9)
Transfer of pension liability from Union Carbide
Corporation................................... -- (18) -- -- (18)
Translation adjustments.......................... -- -- (7) -- (7)
Net loss......................................... -- -- -- (12) (12)
------ ---------- ---------- -------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1995....................... -- 485 (116) (536) (167)
Exercise of employee stock options............... -- 5 -- -- 5
Tax benefit arising from exercise of employee
stock options................................. -- 4 -- -- 4
Reclassification of:
Common stock subject to 'puts'................... -- 8 -- -- 8
Related loans to management...................... -- (3) -- -- (3)
Cost of secondary offering....................... -- (1) -- -- (1)
Net income....................................... -- -- -- 152 152
------ ---------- ---------- -------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1996....................... $-- $498 $ (116) $ (384) $ (2)
------ ---------- ---------- -------- ------
------ ---------- ---------- -------- ------
</TABLE>
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
38
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) DISCUSSION OF BUSINESS AND STRUCTURE
UCAR International Inc. ('UCAR') and its subsidiaries (collectively with
UCAR, the 'Company') is engaged in the development, manufacturing and marketing
of carbon and graphite products for the steel, ferroalloys, aluminum, chemicals,
aerospace and transportation industries. Its principal products are graphite
electrodes, carbon electrodes, specialty graphite, cathode blocks and flexible
graphite.
Leveraged Recapitalization
On January 26, 1995, the Company consummated a leveraged recapitalization
(the 'Recapitalization') pursuant to the Recapitalization and Stock Purchase and
Sale Agreement dated as of November 14, 1994 among UCAR, Union Carbide
Corporation ('Union Carbide'), Mitsubishi Corporation ('Mitsubishi') and a
Delaware corporation owned by Blackstone Capital Partners II Merchant Banking
Fund L.P., Blackstone Offshore Capital Partners II L.P. and an affiliate
(collectively, 'Blackstone').
The principal elements of the Recapitalization included the following:
o The repurchase and cancellation of all shares of common stock of
UCAR held by Mitsubishi (50% of the then outstanding shares) for
cash of $406 million.
o The payment of a cash dividend on the remaining shares of common
stock of UCAR (all held by Union Carbide) in the amount of $347
million.
o The sale of newly issued shares of common stock of UCAR for cash of
$203 million to Blackstone, certain members of management of the
Company and Chase Equity Associates (an affiliate of Chase Manhattan
Bank, formerly known as Chemical Bank).
o The repayment of existing indebtedness of the Company consisting of
(a) $69 million of outstanding loans under its then existing credit
agreements, (b) $175 million of senior notes and (c) $6 million of
other indebtedness.
o The borrowing by UCAR Global Enterprises Inc., a direct wholly owned
subsidiary of UCAR ('Global'), and certain of its foreign
subsidiaries of $585 million under a new $695 million senior bank
facility obtained by Global from a syndicate of banks led by Chase
Manhattan Bank, as agent (the 'Recapitalization Bank Facilities').
The Recapitalization Bank Facilities were refinanced in October 1995
(the 'Refinancing') with a new $630 million senior bank facility
(the 'Senior Bank Facilities').
o The issuance by Global of $375 million of 12% Senior Subordinated
Notes due 2005 (the 'Recapitalization Notes'), which were sold in an
offering exempt from registration with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the 'Commission'). UCAR and Global filed with the
Commission a registration statement with respect to an offer to
exchange the Recapitalization Notes for a series of notes (the
'Subordinated Notes') of Global with terms substantially identical
to the Recapitalization Notes, which registration statement became
effective on May 11, 1995. The exchange was consummated in June
1995. $175 million of Subordinated Notes were redeemed in September
1995 at a redemption price of 110% of the principal amount thereof,
plus accrued interest thereon of $4 million (the 'Redemption').
Total financing fees and legal, accounting and other related costs of the
Recapitalization amounted to approximately $62 million. $6 million of these
costs ($4 million after income tax) were charged to other (income) expense (net)
at the date of the Recapitalization. Costs of $7 million associated with the
sale and redemption of common stock have been charged to additional paid-in
capital. Financing costs of $49 million associated with the Recapitalization
Bank Facilities and the Subordinated Notes were deferred. The unamortized
portion of fees and costs associated with the Recapitalization Bank Facilities
were written off in the fourth quarter of 1995 in connection with the
Refinancing. A portion of such fees associated with the Subordinated Notes was
written off
39
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(1) DISCUSSION OF BUSINESS AND STRUCTURE--(CONTINUED)
in connection with the Redemption. In addition, tax expense of approximately $37
million was incurred as a result of the repatriation to the U.S. of funds
borrowed by certain foreign subsidiaries as part of the Recapitalization.
Retirement, death and disability benefits related to employee service
through February 25, 1991 are covered by the Union Carbide retirement plan.
Benefits paid by the Union Carbide retirement plan are based on final average
pay through February 25, 1991 plus salary increases (not to exceed 6% per year)
until January 26, 1995 when Union Carbide ceased to own at least 50% of the
equity of UCAR. The Company's projected benefit obligation increased, and Union
Carbide's projected benefit obligation decreased, by approximately $28 million
($18 million after income taxes) attributable to such estimated future salary
increases upon consummation of the Recapitalization. The increase in the
Company's projected benefit obligation was charged to additional paid-in
capital.
On September 30, 1994, UCAR made a cash distribution of $84 million to its
stockholders. UCAR's Board of Directors designated that $57 million of such
distribution be paid from retained earnings and $27 million be paid from
additional paid-in capital.
On January 20, 1995, UCAR paid a dividend to stockholders of $10 million
and, on March 29, 1995, approximately $6.5 million was refunded to UCAR as part
of the Recapitalization.
Stock Splits
On January 26, 1995, UCAR's Board of Directors increased the authorized
shares of common stock of UCAR to 1,170,000 shares and approved a 1,000-for-one
stock split. On July 17, 1995, UCAR's Board of Directors approved an increase in
the authorized shares of common stock of UCAR to 100 million shares and a
35.507-for-one stock split effective August 3, 1995. All share and per share
amounts have been adjusted to reflect both stock splits.
Initial Public Offering
On July 17, 1995, UCAR's Board of Directors approved: (i) the filing of a
registration statement to proceed with an initial public offering of common
stock (the 'Initial Offering'); (ii) the Redemption, with proceeds of the
Initial Offering, of up to $175 million principal amount of Subordinated Notes
at a redemption price of 110% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued
interest thereon; and (iii) an amendment to the Management Stock Option Plan to
provide for the immediate vesting, upon the closing of the Initial Offering, of
performance options for 1,190,292 shares of common stock which were scheduled to
vest in 1995, 1996 and 1997 if EBITDA for those years was equal to or exceeded
target amounts. Upon consummation of the Initial Offering, UCAR recognized
compensation expense of $18 million in connection with the accelerated vesting
of performance stock options and matching restricted stock.
On August 9, 1995, UCAR's registration statement became effective and, on
August 15, 1995, 10,120,000 shares were sold by UCAR and 8,876,750 shares were
sold by Union Carbide at a price to the public of $23.75 per share. After the
closing of the Initial Offering, Blackstone and Union Carbide beneficially owned
53.5% and none, respectively, of the outstanding shares of common stock.
The net proceeds to UCAR from the Initial Offering were $227 million, after
deducting underwriting discounts paid by UCAR. UCAR contributed sufficient net
proceeds from the Initial Offering to Global to redeem $175 million aggregate
principal amount of Subordinated Notes (the maximum amount permitted to be
redeemed under the applicable indenture) at a redemption price equal to 110% of
the aggregate principal amount thereof, plus accrued interest thereon of
approximately $4 million. The balance of the net proceeds were used for general
corporate purposes and to reduce other outstanding indebtedness. UCAR did not
receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares by Union Carbide.
40
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(1) DISCUSSION OF BUSINESS AND STRUCTURE--(CONTINUED)
Secondary Offering
On March 6, 1996, certain stockholders of UCAR sold an aggregate of
16,675,000 shares of common stock in a secondary public offering (the 'Secondary
Offering'). In the Secondary Offering, Blackstone, Chase Equity Associates and
certain members of management sold approximately 15,449,000 shares, 826,000
shares and 400,000 shares, respectively. After the Secondary Offering,
Blackstone owned approximately 20% of the outstanding shares of common stock.
UCAR did not sell any shares in the Secondary Offering and did not receive any
proceeds from the shares sold by the selling stockholders. Approximately 193,000
of the shares sold by management consisted of shares issued upon the exercise of
vested stock options concurrently with the Secondary Offering and the Company
received proceeds of approximately $1.5 million from the exercise of such
options.
Acquisition of Subsidiary
On November 10, 1996, the Company purchased the controlling interest in
Graphite PLC, which operates a graphite electrode business in Vyazma, Russia.
The Company acquired 90% of Graphite PLC through a tender offer to its major
shareholders, which included members of the board of directors and employees of
Graphite PLC. The aggregate investment was $50 million. The acquisition has been
accounted for as a purchase and, accordingly, the purchase price has been
allocated to the assets purchased and the liabilities assumed based upon the
fair values at the date of acquisition.
Acquisition of Minority Interest
In May and July 1994, the Company increased its ownership of its Mexican
business from 78.8% to substantially 100% at a net cost of $23 million. This
transaction was accounted for as a purchase.
On September 11, 1995, pursuant to a tender offer, the Company acquired a
substantial percentage of the shares of its Brazilian subsidiary, UCAR Carbon
S.A., that had been owned by public shareholders in Brazil. The aggregate
purchase price through December 31, 1995 was $52 million, plus expenses of $3
million. Thereafter, the Company acquired additional shares from such
shareholders for $2 million. The acquisitions were accounted for as purchases
and, accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and
liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values.
The Consolidated Financial Statements have not been restated to reflect the
increased ownership of the Mexican business and Brazilian subsidiary at any date
or for any period prior to the date of purchase.
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Consolidated Financial Statements present the consolidated financial
position and results of operations of the Company for all periods presented. All
significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents are considered to be all highly liquid investments that
are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that
they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in
interest rates.
41
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES--(CONTINUED)
Inventories
Inventories are stated at cost or market, whichever is lower. Cost is
determined generally on the 'last-in, first-out' ('LIFO') method in the United
States. The 'average cost' method is used elsewhere.
Effective January 1, 1996, the Company changed its method of determining
LIFO inventories. The new methodology provides specifically identified
parameters for defining new items within the LIFO pool which the Company
believes improves the accuracy of costing those items. During 1996, the Company
recorded income of $7 million (after related income taxes of $4 million) as the
cumulative effect on prior years of this change in accounting for inventories.
The new method of accounting resulted in charging lower inventory costs to cost
of goods sold during 1996 which reduced cost of goods sold by $4 million (and
increased net income by $2 million).
Approximately 33% of inventory amounts before application of the LIFO
method at December 31, 1996 (34% at December 31, 1995) have been valued on the
LIFO basis. If inventories had been valued at current costs, they would have
been approximately $29 million and $40 million higher at December 31, 1996 and
1995, respectively.
Fixed Assets and Depreciation
Fixed assets are carried at cost. Expenditures for replacements are
capitalized and the replaced items are retired. Gains and losses from the sale
of property are included in other (income) expense (net).
Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated
useful lives of the assets. The Company generally uses accelerated depreciation
methods for tax purposes, where appropriate. Depreciation expense was $36
million in 1996 ($38 million in 1995 and $39 million in 1994).
Company Carried at Equity
The Company's investment in EMSA (Pty.) Ltd. ('EMSA'), a 50%-owned company,
is carried on the equity basis and its proportional share of the net income of
EMSA is reported in income under the caption 'UCAR share of net income from
company carried at equity.' At December 31, 1996, retained earnings included $39
million representing UCAR's share of the undistributed earnings (prior to
foreign currency translation adjustment) of EMSA. Dividends received by UCAR
from EMSA were $4 million in 1996 ($4 million in 1995 and $2 million in 1994).
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company enters into forward foreign exchange contracts and currency
option collars to manage exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations. These
contracts and collars hedge primarily United States dollar-denominated debt held
by several of the Company's foreign subsidiaries and identifiable foreign
currency receivables, payables and commitments. Forward exchange contracts are
agreements to exchange different currencies at a specified future date and a
specified rate. Premiums and discounts on forward exchange contracts are
amortized over the lives of the contracts. Currency option collars are financial
arrangements for simultaneous purchase and sale of currency options having the
same maturity and the same principal amount. The result is the creation of a
range in which a best and worst price is defined, while minimizing option
premium cost. Net premiums on options bought and sold are amortized over the
life of the options. Forward exchange contracts and currency option collars are
carried at market value. Gains and losses due to revaluation of these contracts
or option positions are recognized currently as other (income) expense (net),
and are intended to mitigate income or expense caused by the accounting
revaluation of foreign subsidiaries' net United States dollar positions.
42
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES--(CONTINUED)
Research and Development
Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax
consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax
bases and for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets
and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to
taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be
recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a
change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the
enactment date.
Stock-Based Compensation Plans
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation plans using the intrinsic
value method prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25,
'Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees' ('APB 25'). As such, compensation
expense is recorded on the date of grant only if the market price of the
underlying stock exceeded the exercise price.
Retirement Plan
The cost of pension benefits under the U.S. retirement plan is determined
by an independent actuarial firm using the 'projected unit credit' actuarial
cost method. Contributions to the plan are made in accordance with the
requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
Postretirement Health Care and Life Insurance Benefits
The estimated cost of future medical and life insurance benefits is
determined by an independent actuarial firm using the 'projected unit credit'
actuarial cost method. Such costs are recognized as employees render the service
necessary to earn the postretirement benefits. Benefits have been accrued, but
not funded.
Postemployment Benefits
The Company accrues postemployment benefits expected to be paid before
retirement, principally severance, over employees' active service period.
Use of Estimates
Management of the Company has made a number of estimates and assumptions
relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these financial statements in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Actual results could
differ from those estimates.
Foreign Currency Translation
Generally, except for Brazil (and Mexico prior to 1994), unrealized gains
and losses resulting from translating foreign companies' assets and liabilities
into U.S. dollars are accumulated in an equity account on the balance sheet
until such time as the company is sold or substantially or completely
liquidated. Translation gains and losses relating to operations of companies in
Brazil, where hyperinflation exists, are included in the Consolidated Statements
of Operations. Foreign currency gains on debt and prior period tax liabilities
of companies operating in Brazil are included in interest expense and provision
for income taxes, respectively.
43
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES--(CONTINUED)
Effective January 1, 1994, because of significant declines in the rate of
inflation in Mexico, the Company changed its functional currency in Mexico from
the U.S. dollar to the new Mexican peso. The change in the functional currency
required the application of the current rate translation method, wherein all
assets and liabilities are translated using the quoted period-end exchange rate
and all revenues are translated at the average rate of exchange in effect during
the period. As a result of the change, the new functional currency bases exceed
the local currency bases of nonmonetary items. The difference between the bases
resulted in temporary differences generating a deferred tax liability of $8
million, the effect of which was recorded as an initial adjustment to the
cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment component of stockholders'
equity.
During 1994, the Company concluded a substantially complete liquidation of
its investments in UCAR Finance and Trading S.A. (Switzerland) and UCAR Carbon
Limited (United Kingdom). Accordingly, the Company wrote off the attributable
pro rata amounts of accumulated translation adjustments of $2 million that were
previously reported in the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment
component of stockholders' equity.
(3) UCAR GLOBAL ENTERPRISES INC.
UCAR has no material assets, liabilities or operations other than those
that result from its ownership of 100% of the outstanding common stock of
Global. Separate financial statements of Global are not presented because they
would not be material to holders of the Subordinated Notes.
The following is a summary of the consolidated assets and liabilities of
Global and its subsidiaries at December 31, 1996 and 1995 and its consolidated
results of operations for the three years ended December 31, 1996:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT DECEMBER 31,
----------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ------ ----
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Assets:
Current assets............................................................... $483 $ 403 $362
Non-current assets........................................................... 505 461 416
---- ------ ----
Total assets.............................................................. $988 $ 864 $778
---- ------ ----
---- ------ ----
Liabilities:
Current liabilities.......................................................... $249 $ 228 $167
Non-current liabilities...................................................... 735 793 365
---- ------ ----
Total liabilities......................................................... $984 $1,021 $532
---- ------ ----
---- ------ ----
Minority stockholders' equity in consolidated entities......................... $ 6 $ 5 $ 54
---- ------ ----
---- ------ ----
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
(DOLLARS IN
MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales....................................................................... $948 $901 $758
Gross profit.................................................................... 365 345 243
Income before extraordinary charge and cumulative effect of change in accounting
principles.................................................................... 145 25 100
Net income (loss)............................................................... 152 (12) 100
</TABLE>
44
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(4) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company has only limited involvement with derivative financial
instruments and does not use them for trading purposes. They are used to manage
well-defined interest rate risk and specific financial markets risk caused by
currency fluctuations.
Foreign Currency Contracts
The amount of forward foreign exchange contracts used by the Company to
minimize foreign currency exposure was $350 million at December 31, 1996 ($269
million at December 31, 1995 and $80 million at December 31, 1994). At December
31, 1996, $169 million of these contracts hedged U.S. dollar-denominated debt
held by the Company's foreign subsidiaries ($198 million at December 31, 1995).
Of the total $350 million, approximately $144 million (41%) of these contracts
were offsetting at December 31, 1996 ($11 million (4%) at December 31, 1995).
The remaining contracts hedged existing assets and liabilities. Market risk was
not expected to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial
position of the Company at December 31, 1996.
Currency Options
In order to minimize foreign exchange exposure related to U.S.
dollar-denominated debt held by a French subsidiary, the Company has entered
into a currency option collar which allows it to buy or sell $20 million U.S.
dollars at strike prices which effectively limit foreign currency exposure to a
band between 5.025 and 4.80 French Francs to the U.S. dollar. There was no
premium cost associated with this collar.
Sale of Receivables
During 1996, certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries sold receivables
of $15 million ($10 million in 1995 and $11 million in 1994) without recourse
and sold receivables of $65 million in 1996 ($42 million in 1995 and $38 million
in 1994) with recourse to banking institutions. At December 31, 1996, $15
million ($13 million in 1995 and 1994) of the receivables sold with recourse
remained uncollected from customers.
Interest Rate Risk Management
During 1995, the Company entered into agreements with financial
institutions which limit the Company's exposure to increases in variable
interest rates. At December 31, 1996, the Company had interest rate caps on $355
million of debt ($375 million at December 31, 1995) which limit the interest
expense on this debt to 8.5% through 1997. Fees related to these agreements are
charged to other (income) expense (net) over the term of the agreements. During
1992, the Company entered into agreements with financial institutions which
effectively set interest rate limits on $80 million of the Company's short-term
debt to a range of approximately 4.75% to 6.375% for a three year period. These
agreements included interest rate collars of $70 million. The effects of these
contracts were not material to the results of operations. Fees related to these
agreements are charged to other (income) expense (net) over the term of the
agreement.
Fair Market Value Disclosures
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 107, 'Disclosure about Fair
Market Value of Financial Instruments' defines the fair value of a financial
instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current
transaction between willing parties. Such fair values must often be determined
by using one or more methods that indicate value based on estimates of
quantifiable characteristics as of a particular date. Values were estimated as
follows:
Cash, Short-Term Receivables and Accounts Payable--The carrying amount
approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.
45
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(4) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS--(CONTINUED)
Debt--Fair values of debt and related interest rate risk agreements
approximate carrying value at December 31, 1996 and 1995, except for the
Subordinated Notes which are carried at $200 million and have an estimated
fair value at December 31, 1996 of $230 million.
Foreign Currency Contracts--Foreign currency forward contracts, both
purchased and written, are carried at market.
(5) GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENT DATA
The following is a summary of net sales, operating profit and total assets
by geographic area:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
(DOLLARS IN
MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales:
U.S........................................................................... $388 $354 $320
Canada and Mexico............................................................. 133 118 107
Brazil........................................................................ 61 55 62
Europe........................................................................ 366 374 269
---- ---- ----
Total...................................................................... $948 $901 $758
---- ---- ----
---- ---- ----
Operating profit:
U.S........................................................................... $ 66 $ 17 $ 42
Canada and Mexico............................................................. 63 43 30
Brazil........................................................................ 25 14 21
Europe........................................................................ 114 115 69
---- ---- ----
Total...................................................................... $268 $189 $162
---- ---- ----
---- ---- ----
Operating profit shown above includes the following costs:
Restructuring:
U.S........................................................................ $ -- $ 29 $ --
Europe..................................................................... -- 1 --
Compensation due to accelerated vesting of performance stock options and
matching restricted stock:
U.S........................................................................ -- 22 --
---- ---- ----
Total.................................................................... $ -- $ 52 $ --
---- ---- ----
---- ---- ----
Transfers between geographic segments were as follows:
U.S........................................................................... $144 $122 $106
Canada and Mexico............................................................. 50 37 30
Brazil........................................................................ 28 12 5
Europe........................................................................ 8 10 1
---- ---- ----
Total...................................................................... $230 $181 $142
---- ---- ----
---- ---- ----
</TABLE>
46
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(5) GEOGRAPHIC SEGMENT DATA--(CONTINUED)
Finished products are transferred between segments at estimated market
price less a reseller's commission and unfinished products are transferred at
cost plus a mark-up to allow for a fair profit at the manufacturing location.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
(DOLLARS IN
MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Total assets:
U.S........................................................................... $360 $351 $280
Canada and Mexico............................................................. 146 134 125
Brazil........................................................................ 161 135 128
Europe........................................................................ 412 324 274
Inter-segment eliminations.................................................... (91) (80) (29)
---- ---- ----
Total...................................................................... $988 $864 $778
---- ---- ----
---- ---- ----
</TABLE>
(6) COMPANY CARRIED AT EQUITY
The following is a financial summary of EMSA, the Company's 50%-owned
company carried at equity:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
(DOLLARS IN
MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales.......................................................................... $65 $68 $53
Cost of sales...................................................................... 39 42 37
Selling, administrative and other expenses......................................... 4 4 3
Other (income) expense (net)....................................................... (1 ) (1 ) --
Income taxes....................................................................... 9 10 5
---- ---- ----
Net income....................................................................... $14 $13 $ 8
---- ---- ----
---- ---- ----
UCAR share of net income......................................................... $ 7 $ 7 $ 4
---- ---- ----
---- ---- ----
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
(DOLLARS IN
MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current assets..................................................................... $40 $34 $30
Non-current assets................................................................. 16 18 18
---- ---- ----
Total assets..................................................................... 56 52 48
---- ---- ----
Current liabilities................................................................ 16 10 10
Non-current liabilities............................................................ 4 5 6
---- ---- ----
Total liabilities................................................................ 20 15 16
---- ---- ----
Net assets....................................................................... $36 $37 $32
---- ---- ----
---- ---- ----
UCAR share of net assets......................................................... $18 $18 $16
---- ---- ----
---- ---- ----
</TABLE>
47
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(7) LONG-TERM DEBT
The following table presents the long-term debt of the Company:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1996 1995
--------------------- ---------------------
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C>
Senior Bank Facilities........................................................... $ 379 $ 434
Subordinated Notes............................................................... 200 200
Italian Lire loans and obligations............................................... 3 3
------ ------
Subtotal....................................................................... 582 637
Less: payments due within one year............................................... 1 1
------ ------
Total....................................................................... $ 581 $ 636
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
Senior Bank Facilities
On October 19, 1995, UCAR refinanced the Recapitalization Bank Facilities
with the Senior Bank Facilities which provide improved terms and conditions. The
Senior Bank Facilities were negotiated through Chase Manhattan Bank, as agent,
and had an original aggregate principal amount of $630 million.
The Senior Bank Facilities consist of: (a) a Tranche A Facility in an
original amount of $355 million consisting of (i) a Tranche A Senior Secured
Letter of Credit Facility of $310 million providing for the issuance of U.S.
dollar-denominated letters of credit for the purpose of supporting $300 million
of U.S. dollar-denominated loans and 90 days' interest thereon to certain
foreign subsidiaries of Global under facilities arranged with local lending
institutions and (ii) a Tranche A Senior Secured Term Loan Facility providing
for term loans of $45 million to Global; (b) a Tranche B Senior Secured Term
Loan Facility providing for term loans of $175 million to Global; and (c) a
Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility providing for revolving and swing line
loans to Global and the issuance of U.S. dollar-denominated letters of credit
for the account of Global or other designated credit parties in an aggregate
principal and stated amount at any time not to exceed $100 million. The amount
available under the revolving facility at December 31, 1996 was $73 million. The
revolving facility terminates on December 31, 2001.
The Tranche A Facility (including the letters of credit issued thereunder)
amortizes quarterly over 6 years with installments ranging from $40 million in
year one to $85 million in year six. Loans made under the Tranche B Term
Facility amortize over 7 years providing for nominal quarterly installments
during the first 5 years, quarterly installments totaling $50 million in the
sixth year and quarterly installments totaling $120 million in the seventh year.
During 1996, the Company made payments in advance of installments due, on
the Tranche A Facility and Tranche B Term Facility, of $25 million and $30
million, respectively ($61 million and $25 million, respectively, during 1995).
Accordingly, the Company's next required installment payments for the Tranche A
Facility and Tranche B Term Facility occur during 1998 and 2002, respectively.
From the time of the Recapitalization through October 18, 1995, the Company
voluntarily repaid an aggregate of $75 million of indebtedness under the
Recapitalization Bank Facilities.
Commencing 1996, the credit parties are required to make mandatory
prepayments of loans, and letters of credit will be mandatorily reduced, subject
to certain exceptions, in the amount of (a) 85% of consolidated excess cash flow
(as defined) of Global and its subsidiaries (after giving effect to debt service
on the Senior Bank Facilities and the Subordinated Notes), (b) 100% of the net
proceeds of certain dispositions of assets or stock of subsidiaries or
incurrence of certain indebtedness by UCAR, Global or any of their subsidiaries
and (c) 50% of the net proceeds of the issuance of any equity securities by
UCAR. No mandatory prepayments were required for 1996.
48
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(7) LONG-TERM DEBT--(CONTINUED)
The obligations of the credit parties under the Senior Bank Facilities are
fully and unconditionally guaranteed by UCAR and each of its domestic
subsidiaries. In addition, the Senior Bank Facilities and such guarantees are
secured by all capital stock and tangible and intangible assets of Global and
the guarantors, including all capital stock of each direct or indirect domestic
subsidiary of Global and up to 65% of the capital stock of each direct foreign
subsidiary of Global or any guarantor. Certain of the foreign subsidiaries have
agreed to provide additional credit support for obligations of foreign credit
parties in respect of the Tranche A Facility in the form of collateral and/or
cross guarantees.
At Global's option, the interest rates applicable to the Senior Bank
Facilities are either adjusted LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 1.00% to 2.00%
or the alternate base rate plus a margin ranging from 0% to 0.50%. The alternate
base rate is the higher of Chase Manhattan Bank's prime rate or the federal
funds effective rate plus 0.50%. At the relevant foreign credit party's option,
the interest rate applicable to such foreign subsidiary loans is either adjusted
LIBOR plus 0.25% or the alternate base rate (or the local equivalent thereof).
Margins on either adjusted LIBOR or the alternate base rate may decline based on
the Company's performance as measured against specified ratios and tests. The
average interest rate on the Senior Bank Facilities during 1996 and 1995 was
7.93% and 8.22%, respectively.
Global pays a per annum fee ranging from 1.00% to 1.50% of the aggregate
face amount of outstanding letters of credit under, and a per annum fee equal to
0.375% on the undrawn portion of the commitments in respect of, the Senior Bank
Facilities.
In accordance with the terms of the Senior Bank Facilities, Global has
purchased certain interest rate caps for the Tranche A Facility. The interest
rate caps ensure that adjusted LIBOR for the Tranche A Facility will not exceed
8.50% through February 1998.
The Senior Bank Facilities contain a number of significant covenants that,
among other things, restrict the ability of UCAR, Global and their subsidiaries
to dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, repay or refinance other
indebtedness or amend other debt instruments, pay dividends, create liens on
assets, enter into leases, investments or acquisitions, engage in mergers or
consolidations, make capital expenditures in excess of a predetermined amount or
engage in certain transactions with subsidiaries and affiliates, and otherwise
restrict corporate activities. In addition, under the Senior Bank Facilities,
Global is required to comply with specified financial ratios and tests,
including minimum interest coverage and maximum leverage ratios.
Under the Senior Bank Facilities, Global and UCAR are permitted to pay
dividends to their respective stockholders only in an annual amount up to the
greater of $15 million or a percentage, ranging from 25% to 35% based on certain
financial tests, of adjusted consolidated net income (as defined), where any
such amount not used may be accumulated on an ongoing basis. In addition, Global
is permitted to pay dividends to UCAR (i) in respect of UCAR's administrative
fees and expenses and (ii) for the specific purpose of the purchase or
redemption by UCAR of capital stock held by present or former officers of the
Company up to $5 million per year or $25 million in the aggregate.
The proceeds of the term loans under the Senior Bank Facilities were used
to refinance the Recapitalization Bank Facilities and to pay related fees,
expenses and other transaction costs (including tax liabilities).
As a result of the extinguishment of the Recapitalization Bank Facilities
in 1995, the Company recorded an extraordinary charge of $19 million (after
related income tax effect of $11 million) associated with the write-off of
related debt issuance costs.
49
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(7) LONG-TERM DEBT--(CONTINUED)
Subordinated Notes
The Subordinated Notes are unsecured, senior subordinated obligations of
Global which will mature on January 15, 2005 and bear interest payable
semiannually at a rate per annum of 12%. The Subordinated Notes are fully and
unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured, senior subordinated basis by UCAR.
None of Global's subsidiaries has guaranteed the Subordinated Notes.
As permitted by the applicable indenture, Global redeemed, during September
1995, $175 million principal amount of Subordinated Notes with proceeds of the
Initial Offering at a redemption price of 110% of the principal amount thereof,
plus accrued interest thereon of $4 million.
Except as described below, the remaining Subordinated Notes are not
redeemable at the option of Global prior to January 15, 2000. On and after such
date, subject to certain restrictions, the Subordinated Notes are redeemable, at
Global's option, in whole or in part, at specified redemption prices commencing
at 104.5% of principal amount and declining annually to 100% of principal amount
on and after January 15, 2003. The Subordinated Notes are also redeemable as a
whole at the option of Global upon the occurrence of a change of control at a
redemption price equal to 100% of principal amount plus a specified premium. If
Global does not so redeem the Subordinated Notes, Global will be required to
make an offer to repurchase the Subordinated Notes at a price equal to 101% of
principal amount.
The indenture relating to the Subordinated Notes restricts the payment of
dividends by Global to UCAR if (a) at the time of such proposed dividend, Global
is unable to meet certain indebtedness incurrence and income tests set forth
therein or (b) the total amount of dividends paid exceeds specified aggregate
limits based on consolidated net income, net proceeds from asset and stock sales
and certain other transactions. Such restrictions are not applicable to
dividends (i) in respect of UCAR's administrative fees and expenses and (ii) for
the specific purpose of the purchase or redemption by UCAR of capital stock held
by present or former officers of the Company up to $5 million per year or $25
million in the aggregate.
Other
At December 31, 1996, $3 million ($4 million in 1995 and 1994) of foreign
assets were pledged as security for short and long-term debt and certain tax
liabilities.
At December 31, 1996, payments due on long-term debt in the four years
after 1997 were: 1998, $45 million; 1999, $60 million; 2000, $75 million; and
2001, $85 million.
(8) INCOME TAXES
Total income taxes were allocated as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
------ ------ ------
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Income from operations........................ $ 68 $ 74 $ 37
Extraordinary charge.......................... -- (20) --
Cumulative effect on prior years of change
in accounting for inventories............... 4 -- --
Stockholders' equity.......................... (4) (10) --
----- ----- -----
$ 68 $ 44 $ 37
----- ----- -----
----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
50
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(8) INCOME TAXES--(CONTINUED)
The income taxes credited to stockholders' equity (deficit) in 1996 relate
to the tax benefit arising from the exercise of employee stock options and in
1995 relate to the increased projected benefit obligation of approximately $28
million resulting from the Recapitalization.
The following is a summary of U.S. and non-U.S. components of income (loss)
before provision for income taxes:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
U.S.................................... $ 41 $ (45) $ 29
Non-U.S................................ 164 141 114
---- ----- ----
$207 $ 96 $143
---- ----- ----
---- ----- ----
<CAPTION>
</TABLE>
Income tax expense attributable to income from operations consists of:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CURRENT DEFERRED TOTAL
------- -------- -----
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Year ended December 31, 1996:
U.S. Federal income taxes................................................. $(1) $ 16 $15
Non-U.S. income taxes..................................................... 50 3 53
------- -------- -----
$49 $ 19 $68
------- -------- -----
------- -------- -----
Year ended December 31, 1995:
U.S. Federal income taxes................................................. $33 $(28) $ 5
Non-U.S. income taxes..................................................... 59 10 69
------- -------- -----
$92 $(18) $74
------- -------- -----
------- -------- -----
Year ended December 31, 1994:
U.S. Federal income taxes................................................. $17 $ (5) $12
Non-U.S. income taxes..................................................... 24 1 25
------- -------- -----
$41 $ (4) $37
------- -------- -----
------- -------- -----
</TABLE>
In December 1992, the Company obtained an income tax exemption from the
Brazilian government on income generated from graphite electrode production
until 1999. The exemption reduced 1996, 1995 and 1994 income tax expense by $4
million, $2 million and $6 million, respectively.
51
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(8) INCOME TAXES--(CONTINUED)
Income tax expense attributable to income from operations differed from the
amounts computed by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate of 35 percent to
pretax income from operations as a result of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR
ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------
1996 1996 1995
------ ------ ------
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Tax at statutory U.S. Federal rate.............................. $ 72 $ 34 $ 50
Net taxes related to the Recapitalization....................... -- 37 --
Net taxes related to foreign dividends and other remittances.... 4 5 5
Adjustments to deferred tax asset valuation allowance........... (8) (12) (7)
Foreign earnings taxed at different rates....................... 3 3 (2)
Other........................................................... (3) 7 (9)
--- ----- ----
$68 $ 74 $ 37
--- ----- ----
--- ----- ----
</TABLE>
The significant components of deferred income tax expense attributable to
income from operations are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
------ ------ ------
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Deferred tax expense (exclusive of the effects of
other components below)..................................................... $ 27 $ (5) $ 3
Decrease in beginning-of-the-year balance
of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.......................... (8) (13) (7)
------ ------ -----
$ 19 $ (18) $ (4)
------ ------ -----
------ ------ -----
</TABLE>
52
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(8) INCOME TAXES--(CONTINUED)
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant
portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31,
1996 and 1995 are presented below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1996 1995
---- ----
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets:
Depreciation................................................................... $ 7 $ 9
Sales and product allowances................................................... 1 4
Compensation and benefit plans................................................. 53 59
Excess foreign tax credits..................................................... 5 13
Inventory adjustments.......................................................... 3 2
Provision for scheduled plant closings and other restructurings................ 10 14
Net operating loss carryforwards............................................... -- 1
Debt issuance costs............................................................ 5 6
Other.......................................................................... 6 5
------ -----
Total gross deferred tax assets............................................. 90 113
Less: valuation allowance................................................... (3) (11)
------ -----
Net deferred tax assets................................................... 87 102
------ -----
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation................................................................... 56 58
Compensation and benefit plans................................................. 1 3
Inventory adjustments.......................................................... 7 6
Other.......................................................................... 13 12
------ -----
Total gross deferred tax liabilities........................................ 77 79
------ ------
Net deferred tax asset (liability)........................................ $ 10 $ 23
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are classified on a net current
and noncurrent basis within each tax jurisdiction. Deferred income tax assets
are included in prepaid expenses in the amount of $16 million at December 31,
1996 ($18 million at December 31, 1995) and other assets in the amount of $20
million at December 31, 1996 ($34 million at December 31, 1995). Deferred tax
liabilities are included in accrued income and other taxes in the amount of $10
million at December 31, 1996 ($9 million at December 31, 1995).
The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended
December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 was a decrease of $8 million, $12 million and
$15 million, respectively. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax
assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some
portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate
realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future
taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become
deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax
liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in
making this assessment.
At December 31, 1996, the Company had excess foreign tax credit
carryforwards of $5 million. Of these tax credit carryforwards, $1 million
expire in 1997, $1 million expire in 1998, $1 million expire in 1999, $1 million
expire in 2000 and $1 million expire in 2001. The Company used $30 million of
foreign tax credits to reduce U.S. current tax liabilities in 1996 ($95 million
in 1995, including $89 million related to the Recapitalization, and $14 million
in 1994).
Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for
future taxable income over the periods during which these credits are
utilizable, management believes it is more likely than not the Company will
realize the benefits of these deferred tax assets net of the existing valuation
allowances at December 31, 1996.
53
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(8) INCOME TAXES--(CONTINUED)
The Company used the remaining $2 million of net operating loss
carryforwards from prior years to offset non-U.S. taxable income for 1996 ($25
million for 1995) resulting in a reduction of $1 million in current tax
liabilities ($9 million in 1995).
Provision has not been made for U.S. taxes on the excess of the financial
reporting amounts over the tax bases of the Company's investments in foreign
subsidiaries and the company carried at equity that are essentially permanent in
duration. Such excess amounted to approximately $63 million at December 31,
1996. Determination of the deferred tax liability related to this excess is not
practicable. Management believes that the tax liabilities resulting from the
reversal of this excess can be substantially mitigated with effective tax
planning strategies.
(9) OTHER (INCOME) EXPENSE (NET)
The following is an analysis of other (income) expense (net):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Foreign currency adjustments...................... $ (1) $ 8 $ 4
Interest income.................................... (9) (23) (21)
Loss on sales and disposals of assets.............. 1 1 --
Write-down of investments to net realizable value.. -- -- 1
Bank fees due to the Recapitalization.............. -- 7 --
Discount on sales of receivables.................. -- 1 1
Other............................................. 8 9 10
---- ---- ----
$ (1) $ 3 $ (5)
--- ---- ----
--- ---- ----
</TABLE>
For 1994, the foreign currency adjustments exclude $1 million representing
foreign currency net gains on debt of the Company's Brazilian subsidiary which
have been reported in interest expense.
54
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(10) INTEREST EXPENSE
The following is an analysis of interest expense:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Interest incurred on debt..................................................... $ 56 $ 88 $ 15
Amortization of debt issuance costs........................................... 5 6 --
Capitalized interest.......................................................... -- (1) --
Related foreign currency adjustment........................................... -- -- (1)
---- ---- ----
Interest expense............................................................ 61 93 14
Interest expense--C&M Finance & Trading, B. V................................. -- -- 5
---- ---- ----
Total interest expense...................................................... $ 61 $ 93 $ 19
---- ---- ----
---- ---- ----
</TABLE>
(11) SUPPLEMENTARY BALANCE SHEET DETAIL
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1996 1995
--------------------- ---------------------
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C>
Notes and accounts receivable:
Trade................................................................ $ 174 $ 177
Affiliates........................................................... 7 3
Other................................................................ 10 11
------- -------
191 191
Allowance for doubtful accounts...................................... (6) (11)
------- -------
$ 185 $ 180
------- -------
------- -------
Property, plant and equipment:
Land and improvements................................................ $ 36 $ 36
Buildings............................................................ 182 166
Machinery and equipment.............................................. 830 761
Construction in progress and other................................... 39 50
------- -------
$ 1,087 $ 1,013
------- -------
------- -------
Accounts payable:
Trade................................................................ $ 54 $ 44
Other................................................................ 13 12
------- -------
$ 67 $ 56
------- -------
------- -------
</TABLE>
55
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(11) SUPPLEMENTARY BALANCE SHEET DETAIL--(CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Other accrued liabilities:
Accrued accounts payable............................................. $ 26 $ 23
Payrolls............................................................. 6 6
Restructuring........................................................ 7 14
Employee compensation and benefits................................... 40 40
Employee severance cost.............................................. -- 3
Other................................................................ 12 4
------- -------
$ 91 $ 90
------- -------
------- -------
Other long-term obligations:
Postretirements benefits............................................. $ 80 $ 79
Employee severance costs............................................. 17 16
Pension benefits..................................................... 18 34
Other................................................................ 23 8
------- -------
$ 138 $ 137
------- -------
------- -------
</TABLE>
The following is an analysis of the allowance for doubtful accounts:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1996 1995
--------------------- ---------------------
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C>
Balance at beginning of year........................................... $11 $10
Charged to costs and expenses.......................................... -- 2
Deductions............................................................. (5) (1)
--- ---
Balance at end of year............................................... $ 6 $11
--- ---
--- ---
</TABLE>
(12) EXTRAORDINARY CHARGE
During 1995, the Company recorded an extraordinary charge of $37 million
related to early extinguishment of debt (net of tax benefit of $20 million)
resulting from the prepayment of $175 million of Senior Notes, the Redemption
and the Refinancing. The extraordinary charge consisted of a premium of $18
million paid on the redemption of the Subordinated Notes and the write-off of
deferred debt issuance costs of $39 million.
(13) LEASES
Lease commitments under noncancelable operating leases extending for one
year or more will require the following future payments:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C>
1997.................................................. $ 3
1998.................................................. 3
1999.................................................. 2
2000.................................................. 1
2001.................................................. 1
After 2001............................................ 6
</TABLE>
Total lease and rental expenses under noncancelable operating leases
extending one month or more were $4 million in 1996 ($4 million and $3 million
in 1995 and 1994, respectively).
56
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(14) BENEFITS PLANS
Retirement Plans
Until February 25, 1991, the Company participated in the U.S. retirement
plan of Union Carbide. Effective February 26, 1991, the Company formed its own
U.S. retirement plan which covers substantially all U.S. employees. Retirement,
death and disability benefits related to employee service through February 25,
1991 are covered by the Union Carbide plan. Benefits paid by the Union Carbide
plan will be based on final average pay through February 25, 1991, plus salary
increases (not to exceed 6% per year) until January 26, 1995 when Union Carbide
ceased to own at least 50% of the equity of UCAR. All Company employees who
retired prior to February 25, 1991 are covered under the Union Carbide plan.
Pension benefits under the Company plan are based primarily on years of
service and compensation levels prior to retirement. Net pension costs for the
U.S. retirement plan were $6 million in 1996 ($6 million and $5 million in 1995
and 1994, respectively).
Pension coverage for employees of foreign subsidiaries is provided, to the
extent deemed appropriate, through separate plans. Obligations under such plans
are systematically provided for by depositing funds with trustees, under
insurance policies or by book reserves. Net pension costs for plans of foreign
subsidiaries amounted to $1 million in 1996 ($1 million in both 1995 and 1994).
The components of net pension cost for 1996, 1995 and 1994 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31,
------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Service cost-benefit earned during the period......................... $ 7 $ 7 $ 6
Interest costs on projected benefit obligation........................ 9 8 5
Actual return on plan assets.......................................... (14) (10) (5)
Net amortization and deferral......................................... 5 2 --
---- ---- ----
Net pension cost.................................................... $ 7 $ 7 $ 6
---- ---- ----
---- ---- ----
</TABLE>
Pension fund assets are invested primarily in equity investments and fixed
income investments. At December 31, 1996, these investments represented 59% and
38% of the total plan assets at fair value, respectively. At December 31, 1996,
the remainder of the pension fund assets consisted of cash and cash equivalents
held in various financial institutions.
At December 31, 1996, the assets of each of the Company's retirement plans
exceeded the actuarially determined accumulated benefit obligation and,
accordingly, such plans were considered fully funded for
57
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(14) BENEFITS PLANS--(CONTINUED)
purposes of contribution requirements. The funded status of the Company's
retirement plans at December 31, 1996 and 1995 is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1996 1995
--------------------- ---------------------
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C>
Actuarial present value of benefit obligations:
Vested benefits...................................................... $ (68) $ (56)
Non-vested benefits.................................................. (7) (9)
------ ------
Accumulated benefit obligation......................................... (75) (65)
Effect of projected future salary increases............................ (56) (46)
------ ------
Projected benefit obligation........................................... (131) (111)
Fair value of plan assets.............................................. 120 97
------ ------
Plan assets in excess of (less than) projected benefit obligation...... (11) (14)
Unamortized net asset at transition.................................... (3) (3)
Unamortized prior service cost......................................... 3 2
Unrecognized net (gain)................................................ (10) (6)
------ ------
Accrued pension cost................................................... $ (21) $ (21)
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
The actuarial assumptions used in determining the net pension cost and
pension liability shown above were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------
1996 1995
----------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Discount rate for determining projected benefit
obligation............................................... 7.50%-8.50% 7.0%-9.0%
Rate of increase in compensation levels.................... 5.25%-6.50% 4.5%-7.5%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets........... 9.0% 9.0%-9.5%
</TABLE>
Postretirement Health Care and Life Insurance
The Company provides health care and life insurance benefits for eligible
retired employees. These benefits are provided through various insurance
companies and health care providers. The Company accrues the estimated cost of
these benefits during the employees' credited service period.
Effective January 1, 1993, the Company made changes to its retiree health
care programs principally related to plan eligibility requirements for active
employees. Beginning January 1, 1995, employees are required to have 10 years of
company service after age 45 to receive the Company's full contribution for
retiree health care. These changes resulted in a reduction of the accumulated
postretirement benefit obligation at January 1, 1993 of $20 million. The Company
is amortizing this reduction over the average remaining credited service period
of eligible employees (6.5 years) which results in a reduction of net
postretirement benefit expense of $3 million per year.
58
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(14) BENEFITS PLANS--(CONTINUED)
For the years 1996, 1995 and 1994, the components of expense for these
postretirement benefits were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Service cost-benefit earned during the period..................... $ 2 $ 3 $ 2
Interest costs on accumulated postretirement
benefit obligation.............................................. 5 4 5
Amortization of the reduction resulting from
plan amendments................................................. (3) (3) (3)
---- ---- ----
Total expense................................................... $ 4 $ 4 $ 4
---- ---- ----
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1996 and 1995, the actuarial and recorded liabilities for
these postretirement benefits, none of which have been funded, were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1996 1995
--------------------- ---------------------
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C>
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation:
Retirees............................................................. $51 $46
Fully eligible active plan participants.............................. 14 19
Other active participants............................................ 3 4
Unrecognized reduction of the obligation resulting from plan
amendments........................................................ 8 11
Unrecognized net gain (loss)......................................... 4 (1)
--- ---
Accrued postretirement benefit costs.............................. $80 $79
--- ---
--- ---
</TABLE>
The discount rate used in determining the accumulated postretirement
benefit obligation ('APBO') as of December 31, 1996 was 7.75% (7.0% in 1995).
The assumed health care cost trend rate used in determining this obligation was
9.0% (10.0% in 1995), declining between 0.5% and 1% per year to an ultimate rate
of 5.5% for the year 2005 and thereafter. The assumed rate of increase in salary
levels for the life insurance portion of the APBO was 5.25% (4.5% in 1995).
Cost-sharing provisions between the Company and its employees are assumed to
remain constant in the future.
If the health care cost trend rate assumptions were increased by 1%, the
APBO as of December 31, 1996 would be increased by $4 million. The effect of
this change on the sum of service cost and interest cost components of net
periodic postretirement benefit cost for 1996 would be less than $1 million.
Savings Plan
The Company's employee savings plan provides eligible employees the
opportunity for long-term savings and investment. Participating employees can
contribute 1% to 7.5% of employee compensation as basic contributions and an
additional 0.5% to 10% of employee compensation as supplemental contributions.
The Company contributes on behalf of each participating employee an amount equal
to 30% of the employee's basic contribution. The Company contributed
approximately $2 million in 1996 and $1 million in 1995 and 1994.
Incentive Plan
The Company provides a group profit sharing plan for all employees in the
United States. Compensation payments from this plan are based on the Company's
performance in exceeding certain profit goals. Costs for the profit sharing plan
were $9 million, $10 million and $7 million in 1996, 1995 and 1994,
respectively.
59
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(15) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company has significant business relations with related parties,
including Blackstone and EMSA. Prior to the Recapitalization and the Initial
Offering, Union Carbide and its subsidiaries, Mitsubishi and its subsidiaries
and C&M Finance and Trading, B.V. ('C&M') (jointly owned by Union Carbide and
Mitsubishi) were related parties and the Company had significant business
relations with them. C&M provided financing to the Company during 1994 at
interest rates of 4.5%.
The following represents purchase, sale and certain allocated expense
transactions with affiliated companies during 1996, 1995 and 1994. Other related
party transactions are described elsewhere in the notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
1996 1995 1994
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Affiliated companies (excluding EMSA):
Net sales.................................................................. $ -- $ 4 $ 19
Purchases.................................................................. -- -- 11
Expenses included in selling, administrative and other expenses............ 1 1 2
EMSA:
Net sales.................................................................. 22 11 9
Purchases.................................................................. 1 2 --
</TABLE>
Settlements with affiliated companies are normally concluded with a range
of terms similar to those made with unrelated parties.
(16) RESTRUCTURING COSTS
The Company recorded restructuring costs of $30 million during 1995 to
write-off fixed assets of $22 million and accrue $8 million of related shutdown
costs in connection with a project to close certain high cost manufacturing
operations and to add modern lower cost manufacturing operations at the
Company's North American graphite electrode plants.
(17) MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION AND INCENTIVE PLANS
Upon consummation of the Recapitalization, the Company entered into three
year employment agreements with certain officers. The employment agreements
provide the officers with the opportunity to receive bonuses based in part on
the achievement of designated EBITDA targets. The Company recorded expenses
applicable to these bonuses of $5 million in 1996 ($4 million in 1995).
Prior to the Recapitalization, the Company had a long-term incentive plan
for certain management employees which provided incentive compensation based on
the Company's performance as compared to designated profitability and cash flow
goals for the three years ending December 31, 1995. The goals for 1995 were
deemed achieved in accordance with the plan at the date of the Recapitalization.
The Company recorded expenses applicable to this plan of $2 million and $6
million in 1995 and 1994, respectively.
To encourage senior management to acquire shares of common stock in
connection with the Recapitalization, UCAR adopted an equity ownership program.
Under this program, certain members of management were given the opportunity to
purchase from UCAR shares of common stock at $7.60 per share (the price per
share paid for the common stock purchased by Blackstone and Chase Equity
Associates in the Recapitalization). Approximately 733,000 shares were purchased
for $6 million by members of management under this program. The Company loaned
approximately $3 million to certain members of management in connection with
these purchased shares. In addition, for each two dollars of common stock
purchased, UCAR
60
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(17) MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION AND INCENTIVE PLANS--(CONTINUED)
granted the purchaser one dollar of restricted matching stock (the 'Matching
Shares'), approximately 329,000 shares.
The Matching Shares vested at the time of the Initial Offering.
The shares purchased by management and the Matching Shares were subject to
certain restrictions and to 'puts' under which the holder could require UCAR to
repurchase the shares under certain conditions. The restrictions and 'puts'
expired at the time of the Secondary Offering.
In connection with the Recapitalization, UCAR adopted the Management Stock
Option Plan under which it granted non-qualified stock options to certain
members of management to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,761,000 shares of
common stock at an exercise price of $7.60 per share, of which (i) time vesting
options for 2,777,000 shares vested fully at the time of the Initial Offering
and (ii) performance vesting options for 1,984,000 shares vested and will vest
as follows: 60% at the time of the Initial Offering and 20% in each of 1998 and
1999 if EBITDA for those years is equal to or exceeds a target amount. On
December 13, 1995, UCAR granted additional fully vested options to purchase
10,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $31.59 per share. Options
vested under such plan were restricted from exercise until the time of the
Secondary Offering.
During 1996, UCAR adopted the 1996 Mid-Management Equity Incentive Plan
under which it may grant awards to selected employees to purchase up to an
aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of common stock. On February 9, 1996, UCAR granted
time vesting options to purchase 960,000 shares of common stock at an exercise
price of $35.00 per share. On May 13, 1996, UCAR granted additional time vesting
options to purchase 4,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $40.44
per share. The options granted under the 1996 Mid-Management Equity Incentive
Plan have a term of ten years and vest eight years from the date of grant.
Accelerated vesting occurs as the market price of the common stock equals or
exceeds specified amounts. At December 31, 1996, 248,250 of such options were
fully vested.
The Company applies APB 25 in accounting for its stock-based compensation
plans. Accordingly, no compensation cost has been recognized for its time
vesting option plans. The compensation cost that has been charged against income
for its performance vesting options was $19 million in 1995. Had compensation
cost for the Company's stock-based compensation plans been determined by the
fair value method prescribed by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
123, the Company's net income (loss) and net income per share would have been
reduced to the pro forma amounts indicated below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------
1996 1995
----- -----
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS,
EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C>
Net income (loss)
As Reported......................................................... $ 152 $ (12)
Pro forma........................................................... 149 (15)
Primary net income per share
As Reported(a)...................................................... 3.15 1.87
Pro forma........................................................... 3.07 1.80
</TABLE>
- - ------------------
(a) Pro forma for 1995. See Note 19.
61
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(17) MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION AND INCENTIVE PLANS--(CONTINUED)
A summary of the status of the Company's stock-based compensation plans as
of December 31, 1996 and 1995 and changes during the years then ended is
presented below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------
1996 1995
-------------------------- --------------------------
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
SHARES EXERCISE PRICE SHARES EXERCISE PRICE
------ ---------------- ------ ----------------
(SHARES IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Time Vesting Options:
Outstanding at beginning of year....................... 2,787 $ 7.60 -- $ --
Granted................................................ 964 35.02 2,787 7.69
Exercised.............................................. (176) 8.22 -- --
Forfeited.............................................. (3) 35.00 -- --
------ ------
Outstanding at end of year........................ 3,572 15.01 2,787 7.69
------ ------
------ ------
Options exercisable at year end........................ 2,853 9.97 -- --
Weighted-average fair value of options granted during
year................................................ $16.02 $ 6.13
Performance Vesting Options:
Outstanding at beginning of year....................... 1,984 $ 7.60 -- $ --
Granted................................................ -- -- 1,984 7.60
Exercised.............................................. (476) 7.60 -- --
Forfeited.............................................. -- -- -- --
------ ------
Outstanding at end of year........................ 1,508 7.60 1,984 7.60
------ ------
------ ------
Options exercisable at year end........................ 714 7.60 -- --
Weighted-average fair value of options
granted during year................................. $ -- $ 6.11
</TABLE>
The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using
the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average
assumptions used for grants in 1996 and 1995, respectively: dividend yield of
0.0% for both years; expected volatility of 30% and 94%; risk-free interest
rates of 5.7% and 7.7%; and expected lives of eight years and six years. The
following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at
December 31, 1996:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING
--------------------------------------------------- OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE -------------------------------
RANGE OF NUMBER REMAINING WEIGHTED-AVERAGE NUMBER WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICES OUTSTANDING CONTRACTUAL LIFE EXERCISE PRICES EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICES
- - ------------------------------- ----------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------- ----------------
(SHARES IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Time Vesting Options
$7.60 2,605 10 years $ 7.60 2,605 $ 7.60
$31.59 to 40.44 967 9 years 34.99 248 34.86
----------- -----------
$7.60 to 40.44 3,572 10 years 15.01 2,853 9.97
----------- -----------
----------- -----------
Performance Vesting Options
$7.60 1,508 10 years 7.60 714 7.60
----------- -----------
----------- -----------
</TABLE>
62
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
(18) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On January 2, 1997, the Company acquired 70% of the outstanding shares of
Carbone Savoie, a wholly-owned subsidiary of a competitor, for a purchase price
of approximately $33 million. Carbone Savoie is the leading manufacturer of
carbon cathode blocks which are consumed in the production of aluminum.
On February 1, 1997, the Company, through its newly-formed 70%-owned
subsidiary, UCAR Elektroden GmbH, purchased the graphite electrode business of
Elektrokohle Lichtenberg AG ('EKL') in Berlin, Germany. The 30% minority
interest in UCAR Elektroden is held by a private German company. The aggregate
purchase price paid by UCAR Electroden for the EKL assets is approximately $15
million, consisting of $3 million of equipment and approximately $12 million of
working capital.
The acquisitions, which were financed from existing cash balances, cash
flow from operations and borrowings under a revolving credit facility, will be
accounted for as purchases.
On February 10, 1997, the Company's Board of Directors approved the
purchase of shares of EMSA held by its joint venture partner. The purchase price
is estimated at approximately $75 million, plus fees associated with the
transaction. The Board of Directors also authorized the Company to repurchase up
to $100 million of UCAR's common shares. Additionally, the Board of Directors
authorized the Company to amend the Company's Senior Bank Facilities. The
Company anticipates increasing the amount of the revolving credit facilities to
$200 million and amend the existing covenants to allow more flexibility in the
use of free cash flow for acquisitions, capital expenditures and stock
repurchases.
(19) PRO FORMA NET INCOME PER SHARE (UNAUDITED)
For the unaudited pro forma net income per share data presented on the
Consolidated Statements of Operations, historical net (loss) for 1995 has been
adjusted as if the Recapitalization, Initial Offering, Redemption and
Refinancing occurred as of January 1, 1995 and to exclude the extraordinary
charge and the non-recurring effects of the Recapitalization and the Initial
Offering. The weighted average shares outstanding reflects shares of common
stock outstanding after the Initial Offering, including common stock equivalents
calculated in accordance with the 'treasury stock method,' wherein the net
proceeds therefrom are assumed to repurchase shares of common stock at $25.74
(the average price for 1995). Historical net income (loss) per share has been
omitted as the historical capitalization of the Company is not indicative of the
Company's current capital structure.
The following table sets forth summary pro forma consolidated statement of
operations data for 1995:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS,
EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C>
Pro forma amounts:
Operating profit.............................. $ 214
Interest expense.............................. 74
Provision for income taxes.................... 52
Net income.................................... 91
Net income per share.......................... $1.87
Weighted average shares outstanding (in
thousands)................................. 48,763
</TABLE>
63
<PAGE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
The following table sets forth a summary of the pro forma adjustments to
net income reflected in the above table:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C>
Net loss as reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements....................... $ (12)
Pro forma effects of the Recapitalization (after tax):
Compensation expense related to the Company's long term incentive compensation
plan........................................................................... 1
Senior subordinated credit facility expense....................................... 4
Net adjustment to interest........................................................ (3)
Taxes due to Recapitalization..................................................... 37
Pro forma effects of the Initial Offering and Redemption (after tax):
Accelerated vesting of performance stock options and matching restricted stock.... 12
Net adjustment to interest........................................................ 9
Extraordinary charge.............................................................. 18
Pro forma effects of the Refinancing (after tax):
Net adjustment to interest........................................................ 6
Extraordinary charge.............................................................. 19
-----
Pro forma net income................................................................ $ 91
-----
-----
</TABLE>
64
<PAGE>
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
PART III
ITEMS 10 TO 13 INCLUSIVE
The information required by Items 10, 11, 12 and 13 will appear in the UCAR
International Inc. Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be
held May 13, 1997, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the
Exchange Act and is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K
pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K (other than the portions
thereof not deemed to be 'filed' for the purpose of Section 18 of the Exchange
Act). In addition, the information set forth below is provided as required by
Item 10.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the
current executive officers and directors of UCAR.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE* POSITION
- - ---------------------------------------------------- ---- ----------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Robert P. Krass..................................... 60 Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive
Officer
Robert J. Hart...................................... 59 Vice President and General Manager (North and South
America)
Peter B. Mancino.................................... 54 Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Maurice Marcellin................................... 62 Vice President and General Manager (Europe and South
Africa)
William P. Wiemels.................................. 52 Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and
Treasurer
Fred C. Wolf........................................ 52 Vice President, Administration and Strategic
Projects
R. Eugene Cartledge................................. 67 Director
John R. Hall........................................ 64 Director
Glenn H. Hutchins................................... 41 Director
Robert D. Kennedy................................... 64 Director
Howard A. Lipson.................................... 33 Director
Peter G. Peterson................................... 70 Director
Stephen A. Schwarzman............................... 50 Director
</TABLE>
- - ------------------
* At February 28, 1997.
Robert P. Krass was elected director and Chairman of the Board of UCAR in
connection with the Recapitalization. Mr. Krass joined Union Carbide in 1963 and
held various sales and management positions in the United States and Europe,
including Director of Marketing, Europe, of the Carbon Products Division and
Managing Director of the Division's business in the United Kingdom. He was Vice
President, Marketing, of the Electrode Systems Division from 1983 to 1986. In
1987, he became President of the Carbon Products Division and Vice President of
Union Carbide. He has been President of the Company since 1989 and Chief
Executive Officer of the Company since 1991. Mr. Krass is a member of the
Nominating Committee of UCAR's Board of Directors.
Robert J. Hart joined Union Carbide in 1961 and held various manufacturing
and marketing positions in the Carbon Products Division in the United States,
Europe and South America. In 1986, he returned from South
65
<PAGE>
America to the United States as Vice President and General Manager of the Carbon
Products Division, first for the Pan American and South African regions and
later worldwide. He has been Vice President and General Manager, North and South
America, of the Company since 1991.
Peter B. Mancino joined the Law Department of Union Carbide in 1975 and
became Division Counsel of the Industrial Gases and Carbon Products Divisions in
1980. In 1989, he became General Counsel of the Company. Mr. Mancino has been a
Vice President and the Secretary of the Company since 1991.
Maurice Marcellin joined Union Carbide in 1962 and held various positions
in the Carbon Products Division in Europe. He has been Vice President and
General Manager, Europe and South Africa, of the Company since 1991.
William P. Wiemels joined Union Carbide in 1967 and held various technical,
sales and marketing positions in the Carbon Products Division in the United
States and Europe. He became Director of Marketing in Europe in 1986 and
Director of Technology in 1989. Mr. Wiemels was Vice President, U.S.A.
Operations, of the Company from 1991 to 1994 and has been Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company since 1994.
Fred C. Wolf joined Union Carbide in 1967 and held various financial and
management positions in the Carbon Products Division until 1979. From 1979 to
1985, he held various finance and business positions in the Industrial Gases and
Engineering Products and Processes Divisions. He returned to the Carbon Products
Division in 1985 as Controller and was a Vice President of the Division from
1986 to 1989. He has been Vice President, Administration and Strategic Projects,
of the Company since 1990.
R. Eugene Cartledge was elected director of UCAR in February 1996. From
1986 until his retirement in 1994, he was the Chairman of the Board and Chief
Executive Officer of Union Camp Corporation, where he had served in various
sales and management capacities since 1956. Mr. Cartledge is Chairman of the
Board of Savannah Foods & Industries Inc. and a director of Union Camp
Corporation, Chase Brass Industries, Inc., Sun Company, Inc., Delta Air Lines,
Inc. and Blount, Inc. Mr. Cartledge is Chairman of the Nominating Committee and
a member of the Audit Committee of UCAR's Board of Directors.
John R. Hall was elected director of UCAR in November 1995. He retired as
Chairman effective January 31, 1997 and as Chief Executive Officer effective
October 1, 1996 of Ashland Inc., which positions he held since 1981. Mr. Hall
served in various engineering and managerial capacities at Ashland Inc. since
1957. Mr. Hall is a director of Banc One Corporation, Canada Life Assurance
Company, CSX Corporation, Humana Inc. and Reynolds Metals Company. Mr. Hall is
Chairman of the Organization and Compensation Committee and a member of the
Audit Committee of UCAR's Board of Directors.
Glenn H. Hutchins was elected director of UCAR in connection with the
Recapitalization. He is a member of Blackstone Group Holdings L.L.C. Mr.
Hutchins joined The Blackstone Group L.P. in September 1994. Mr. Hutchins was a
Managing Director of Thomas H. Lee Co. from 1987 until 1994 and, while on leave
from Thomas H. Lee Co. during parts of 1993 and 1994, was a Special Advisor in
the White House. Mr. Hutchins is a director of Haynes International Inc. Mr.
Hutchins is a member of the Organization and Compensation and Nominating
Committees of UCAR's Board of Directors.
Robert D. Kennedy was elected director of the Company in June 1990. He
joined Union Carbide in 1955 and held various marketing and management positions
in the United States and Europe. He was a Senior Vice President of Union Carbide
from 1981 to 1985. In 1985, Mr. Kennedy was elected a director and President of
Union Carbide. In 1986, he was elected Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of
the Board of Union Carbide. Mr. Kennedy retired as Chief Executive Officer and
President of Union Carbide in April 1995 and as Chairman of the Board (but not
as a director) of Union Carbide in December 1995. Mr. Kennedy is also a director
of Union Camp Corporation, Sun Company, Inc., Birmingham Steel Corp., KMart
Corp. and General Signal Corp. Mr. Kennedy is Chairman of the Audit Committee
and a member of the Organization and Compensation Committee of UCAR's Board of
Directors.
Howard A. Lipson was elected director of UCAR in connection with the
Recapitalization. Mr. Lipson is a member of Blackstone Group Holdings L.L.C. Mr.
Lipson was a Managing Director from 1994 to 1995, was a Vice President from 1991
to 1994 and joined The Blackstone Group L.P. in 1988. Mr. Lipson is a director
of
66
<PAGE>
U.S. Radio Inc., Volume Services, Inc., Prime Succession Inc. and Ritvik
Holdings, Inc. and the Treasurer of Transtar Holdings Inc. Mr. Lipson is a
member of the Organization and Compensation Committee of UCAR's Board of
Directors.
Peter G. Peterson was elected director of UCAR in connection with the
Recapitalization. He is a Co-Founder and has served as Chairman of The
Blackstone Group L.P. since 1985. Mr. Peterson is also a director of Sony
Corporation, Transtar Holdings L.P. and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Stephen A. Schwarzman was elected director of UCAR in connection with the
Recapitalization. He is a Co-Founder and has served as President and Chief
Executive Officer of The Blackstone Group L.P. since 1985. Mr. Schwarzman is
also a director of Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation, Transtar, Inc., Prime
Succession Inc. and Collins & Aikman Corporation.
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) (1) Financial Statements--See Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements at page 34 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
(2) Financial Statement Schedules--None.
(b) Reports On Form 8-K
No Report on Form 8-K was filed during the year for which this Annual
Report on Form 10-K is filed.
(c) Exhibits
The exhibits listed in the following table have been filed as part of this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT
- - ------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
2.1(1) -- Recapitalization and Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of November 14, 1994 among Union
Carbide Corporation, Mitsubishi Corporation, UCAR International Inc. and UCAR International
Acquisition Inc. and Guaranty made by Blackstone Capital Partners II Merchant Banking Fund L.P.
and Blackstone Offshore Capital Partners II L.P.
2.2(2) -- Amended and Restated Stockholders' Agreement dated as of February 29, 1996
2.3(1) -- Form of Management Common Stock Subscription Agreement
2.4(3) -- Form of Management Pledge and Security Agreement, together with form of Promissory Note
2.5(2) -- Amendment, Waiver and Release in connection with such Management Common Stock Subscription
Agreements, Management Pledge and Security Agreements and Promissory Notes
2.6(1) -- Indemnification Agreement dated as of January 26, 1995 among Mitsubishi Corporation, Union
Carbide Corporation and UCAR International Inc.
2.7(1) -- Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of January 26, 1995 between UCAR International Inc.
and UCAR Holdings S.A.
2.8(1) -- Exchange Agreements made as of January 26, 1995 between UCAR International Inc. and UCAR
Holdings II Inc.
2.9(1) -- Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of January 26, 1995 between UCAR International Inc.
and UCAR Inc.
2.10(1) -- Exchange Agreement made as of January 26, 1995 between UCAR Carbon Company Inc. and UCAR
Holdings Inc.
</TABLE>
67
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT
- - ------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
2.11(1) -- Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of January 26, 1995 between UCAR Carbon Company Inc.
and UCAR Mexicana, S.A. de C.V.
2.12(1) -- Exchange Agreement made as of January 26, 1995 between UCAR International Inc. and UCAR Global
Enterprises Inc.
2.13(1) -- Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of January 26, 1995 between UCAR Carbon Company Inc.
and Arapaima s.r.l.
2.14(1) -- Deed of Purchase and Sale of 528,999 Shares of UCAR Carbon Navarra S.L. dated as of January 26,
1995
2.15(1) -- Exchange Agreement dated as of December 15, 1993 by and among Union Carbide Corporation, Union
Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company Inc., Mitsubishi Corporation and UCAR International Inc.
2.16(1) -- Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement dated as of November 9, 1990 among Mitsubishi Corporation,
Union Carbide Corporation and UCAR Carbon Company Inc.
2.17(1) -- Letter Agreement dated January 26, 1995 with respect to termination of the Stockholders'
Agreement dated as of November 9, 1990 among Mitsubishi Corporation, Union Carbide Corporation
and UCAR Carbon Company Inc.
2.18(1) -- Settlement Agreement dated as of November 30, 1993 among Mitsubishi Corporation, Union Carbide
Corporation and UCAR Carbon Company Inc.
2.19(1) -- Transfer Agreement dated January 1, 1989 between Union Carbide Corporation and UCAR Carbon
Company Inc.
2.20(1) -- Amendment No. 1 to such Transfer Agreement dated December 31, 1989
2.21(1) -- Amendment No. 2 to such Transfer Agreement dated as of July 2, 1990
2.22(1) -- Amendment No. 3 to such Transfer Agreement dated as of February 25, 1991
2.23(1) -- Amended and Restated Realignment Indemnification Agreement dated as of June 4, 1992 among Union
Carbide Corporation, Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company Inc., Union Carbide Industrial
Gases Inc., UCAR Carbon Company Inc. and Union Carbide Coatings Service Corporation
2.24(1) -- Environmental Management Services and Liabilities Allocation Agreement dated as of January 1,
1990 among Union Carbide Corporation, Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company Inc., UCAR
Carbon Company Inc., Union Carbide Industrial Gases Inc. and Union Carbide Coatings Service
Corporation
2.25(1) -- Amendment No. 1 to such Environmental Management Services and Liabilities Allocation Agreement
dated as of June 4, 1992
2.26 -- [omitted]
2.27 -- [omitted]
2.28(4) -- Trade Name and Trademark License Agreement dated March 1, 1996 between Union Carbide Corporation
and UCAR Carbon Technology Corporation
2.29(1) -- Employee Benefit Services and Liabilities Agreement dated January 1, 1990 between Union Carbide
Corporation and UCAR Carbon Company Inc.
2.30(1) -- Amendment to such Employee Benefit Services and Liabilities Agreement dated January 15, 1991
2.31(1) -- Supplemental Agreement to such Employee Benefit Services and Liabilities Agreement dated
February 25, 1991
</TABLE>
68
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT
- - ------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
2.32(1) -- Letter Agreement dated December 31, 1990 among Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company
Inc., UCAR Carbon Company Inc., Union Carbide Grafito, Inc. and Union Carbide Corporation
3.1(3) -- Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of UCAR International Inc.
3.2(3) -- Amended and Restated By-Laws of UCAR International Inc.
4.1(1) -- Indenture dated as of January 15, 1995 among UCAR International Inc., UCAR Global Enterprises
Inc. and the United States Trust Company of New York, as Trustee
10.1(5) -- Credit Agreement dated as of October 19, 1995 among UCAR International Inc., UCAR Global
Enterprises Inc., the other Credit Parties named therein, the Lenders named therein, the
Fronting Banks named therein and Chemical Bank, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent
10.2(5) -- Parent Guarantee Agreement dated as of October 19, 1995 made by UCAR International Inc. and UCAR
Global Enterprises Inc. in favor of Chemical Bank as Collateral Agent for the Secured Parties
named therein
10.3(5) -- Subsidiary Guarantee Agreement dated as of October 19, 1995 executed and delivered by each U.S.
Subsidiary of UCAR Global Enterprises Inc. in favor of Chemical Bank as Collateral Agent for the
Secured Parties named therein
10.4(5) -- Indemnity, Subrogation and Contribution Agreement dated as of October 19, 1995 among UCAR Global
Enterprises Inc., the U.S. Subsidiaries of UCAR Global Enterprises Inc. and Chemical Bank as
Collateral Agent for the Secured Parties named therein
10.5(5) -- Pledge Agreement dated October 19, 1995 among UCAR International Inc., UCAR Global Enterprises
Inc., certain U.S. Subsidiaries of UCAR Global Enterprises Inc. and Chemical Bank as Collateral
Agent for the Secured Parties named therein
10.6(5) -- Intellectual Property Security Agreement dated as of October 19, 1995 made by UCAR Global
Enterprises Inc. and certain U.S. Subsidiaries of UCAR Global Enterprises Inc. in favor of
Chemical Bank as Collateral Agent for the Secured Parties named therein
10.7(5) -- Security Agreement dated as of October 19, 1995 among UCAR International Inc., UCAR Global
Enterprises Inc., the U.S. Subsidiaries of UCAR Global Enterprises Inc. and Chemical Bank as
Collateral Agent for the Secured Parties named therein
10.8(5) -- Rationalization Project Cash Collateral Agreement dated as of October 19, 1995 made by UCAR
Global Enterprises Inc. in favor of Chemical Bank as Collateral Agent for the Secured Parties
named therein
10.9(5) -- Local Facility Credit Agreement dated as of October 19, 1995 between UCAR Holdings S.r.l. and
Chemical Bank, Milan Branch, as Administrative Agent
10.10(5) -- Local Facility Credit Agreement dated as of October 19, 1995 between UCAR Electrodos S.L. and
Chemical Bank, Madrid Branch, as Administrative Agent
10.11(5) -- Local Facility Credit Agreement dated as of October 19, 1995 between UCAR Holdings S.A. and
Chemical Bank, Paris Branch, as Administrative Agent
10.12(5) -- Local Facility Credit Agreement dated as of October 19, 1995 between UCAR Inc. and Chemical Bank
of Canada, as Administrative Agent
10.13(1) -- Tax Sharing Agreement made as of January 26, 1995 among UCAR International Inc. and its
subsidiaries
10.14(1) -- Promissory Note dated January 26, 1995 issued by UCAR International Inc. in favor of UCAR Global
Enterprises Inc.
10.15(1) -- Intercompany Loan Agreement dated January 25, 1995 between UCAR S.A. and UCAR Holdings S.A.
</TABLE>
69
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT
- - ------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
10.16(1) -- Employment Agreement dated as of January 26, 1995 between UCAR International Inc. and Robert P.
Krass
10.17(1) -- Employment Agreement dated as of January 26, 1995 between UCAR International Inc. and Robert J.
Hart
10.18(1) -- Employment Agreement dated as of January 26, 1995 between UCAR International Inc. and Peter B.
Mancino
10.19(1) -- Employment Agreement dated as of January 26, 1995 between UCAR International Inc. and William P.
Wiemels
10.20(1) -- Employment Agreement dated as of January 26, 1995 between UCAR International Inc. and Fred C.
Wolf
10.21(1) -- Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement
10.22(1) -- UCAR International Inc. Management Stock Option Plan effective as of January 26, 1995
10.23(3) -- Amendment to such Management Stock Option Plan effective August 15, 1995
10.24(5) -- Second Amendment to such Management Stock Option Plan effective August 15, 1995
10.24(a)(6) -- Amendment to such Management Stock Option Plan dated July 29, 1996
10.25(1) -- UCAR International Inc. Bonus II Plan effective as of January 26, 1995
10.25(a)(6) -- First Amendment to such Bonus II Plan dated May 7, 1996
10.26(5) -- UCAR International Inc. Compensation Deferral Program as amended and restated effective November
6, 1995
10.27(1) -- First Amendment to such Compensation Deferral Program effective as of January 1, 1995
10.28(2) -- Second Amendment to such Compensation Deferral Program effective as of March 15, 1996
10.29(6) -- Third Amendment to such Compensation Deferral Program effective as of January 1, 1996
10.30* -- Fourth Amendment to such Compensation Deferral Plan effective as of January 1, 1997
10.31(6) -- Amended and Restated UCAR International Inc. Officers' Incentive Plan dated May 7, 1996
10.32(3) -- UCAR Carbon Savings Plan as amended and restated effective January 1, 1994
10.33(3) -- First Amendment to such Savings Plan effective August 9, 1995
10.34(5) -- Second Amendment to such Savings Plan effective August 9, 1995
10.34(a)* -- Third Amendment to such Savings Plan effective, as to paragraph 1, as of January 1, 1995 and, as
to paragraphs 2 and 3, as of January 1, 1994
10.34(b)* -- Fourth Amendment to such Savings Plan effective as of January 1, 1994
10.35(3) -- UCAR Carbon Retirement Plan as amended and restated effective as of January 1, 1994
10.35(a)(7) -- First Amendment to such Retirement Plan effective February 25, 1991
10.35(b)(6) -- Second Amendment to such Retirement Plan dated May 7, 1996
10.35(c)(7) -- Third Amendment to such Retirement Plan effective, as to paragraph 2, as of January 26, 1995 and
as to paragraphs 1 and 3-5, as of January 1, 1997
10.36(6) -- Amended and Restated Equalization Benefit Plan for Participants of the UCAR Carbon Retirement
Plan dated May 7, 1996
10.37 -- [omitted]
10.38(1) -- UCAR Carbon Company Inc. Supplemental Retirement Income Plan effective as of February 25, 1991
10.39(1) -- First Amendment to such Supplemental Retirement Income Plan effective as of January 1, 1992
</TABLE>
70
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT
- - ------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
10.40(1) -- Second Amendment to such Supplemental Retirement Income Plan effective as of January 1, 1994, as
to paragraph 1 thereof, and January 1, 1995, as to paragraph 2 thereof
10.41(3) -- UCAR International Inc. Benefits Protection Trust effective as of July 27, 1995
10.41(a)* -- First Amendment to such Benefits Protection Trust effective as of July 27, 1995
10.42(7) -- Second Amendment to such Benefits Protection Trust effective as of January 1, 1996
10.43(3) -- UCAR International Inc. 1995 Equity Incentive Plan effective as of August 15, 1995
10.43(a)(6) -- First Amendment to such Equity Incentive Plan dated July 29, 1996
10.44(3) -- UCAR International Inc. 1995 Directors' Stock Plan effective as of August 15, 1995
10.45(5) -- First Amendment to such Directors' Stock Plan effective September 1, 1995
10.45(a)(6) -- Second Amendment to such Directors' Stock Plan dated July 29, 1996
10.46(5) -- UCAR International Inc. 1996 Mid-Management Equity Incentive Plan effective as of February 6,
1996
10.47(6) -- Amendment to such Mid-Management Equity Incentive Plan dated July 29, 1996
11* -- Statement re: computation of per share earnings
21.1* -- List of subsidiaries of UCAR International Inc.
23.1* -- Consent of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
24.1* -- Powers of Attorney (included on signature pages)
27* -- Financial Data Schedule (for SEC use only)
</TABLE>
- - ------------------
* Filed herewith.
(1) Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement of UCAR
International Inc. and UCAR Global Enterprises Inc. on Form S-1 (File No.
33-84850).
(2) Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report of the registrant on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995.
(3) Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement of the registrant on
Form S-1 (File No. 33-94698).
(4) Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report of the registrant on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1996.
(5) Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement of the registrant on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-1090).
(6) Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report of the registrant on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1996.
(7) Incorporated by reference to the Quarterly Report of the registrant on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1996.
71
<PAGE>
SIGNATURE
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, THE
REGISTRANT HAS DULY CAUSED THIS REPORT TO BE SIGNED ON ITS BEHALF BY THE
UNDERSIGNED, THEREUNTO DULY AUTHORIZED.
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC.
March 10, 1997 By: /s/ WILLIAM P. WIEMELS
-------------------------------
William P. Wiemels
Title: Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
Know All Men By These Presents, that each individual whose signature
appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Robert P. Krass, William P.
Wiemels and Peter B. Mancino, and each of them individually, his true and lawful
agent, proxy and attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution and
resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all
capacities, to (i) act on, sign and file with the Securities and Exchange
Commission any and all amendments to this report together with all schedules and
exhibits thereto, (ii) act on, sign and file with the Securities and Exchange
Commission any exhibits to this report, (iii) act on, sign and file such
certificates, instruments, agreements and other documents as may be necessary or
appropriate in connection therewith and (iv) take any and all actions which may
be necessary or appropriate in connection therewith, granting unto such agents,
proxies and attorneys-in-fact, and each of them individually, full power and
authority to do and perform each and every act and thing necessary or
appropriate to be done, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or
could do in person, hereby approving, ratifying and confirming all that such
agents, proxies and attorneys-in-fact, any of them or any of his or their
substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, THIS
REPORT HAS BEEN SIGNED BELOW BY THE FOLLOWING PERSONS ON BEHALF OF THE
REGISTRANT AND IN THE CAPACITIES AND ON THE DATES INDICATED.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURES TITLE DATE
---------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ ROBERT P. KRASS Chairman of the Board, President March 10, 1997
- - -------------------------------------- and Chief Executive Officer
Robert P. Krass (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ WILLIAM P. WIEMELS Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and March 10, 1997
- - --------------------------------------- Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting
William P. Wiemels Officer)
/s/ R. EUGENE CARTLEDGE Director March 10, 1997
- - --------------------------------------
R. Eugene Cartledge
/s/ JOHN R. HALL Director March 10, 1997
- - ---------------------------------------
John R. Hall
/s/ GLENN H. HUTCHINS Director March 10, 1997
- - ----------------------------------------
Glenn H. Hutchins
</TABLE>
72
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURES TITLE DATE
- - --------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- ---------------
<C> <S> <C>
/s/ ROBERT D. KENNEDY Director March 10, 1997
Robert D. Kennedy
/s/ Howard A. Lipson Director March 10, 1997
Howard A. Lipson
/s/ PETER G. PETERSON Director March 10, 1997
Peter G. Peterson
/s/ STEPHEN A. SCHWARZMAN Director March 10, 1997
Stephen A. Schwarzman
</TABLE>
73
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 10.30
FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC.
COMPENSATION DEFERRAL PROGRAM
-----------------------------
The UCAR International Inc. Compensation Deferral Program (the "Plan") is
hereby amended as follows:
1. Section 2.24 of the Plan is hereby amended in its entirety to read as
follows:
"2.24 "Retirement" shall mean (a) with respect to any
Participant, the Participant's termination of employment
with the Corporation when eligible to receive an immediate
pension benefit under the Retirement Program and (b) for
those Participants who are not participating in the
Retirement Program, the date on which such Participant (i)
has attained age 50 with at least 10 years of service with
the Corporation and (ii) actually retires from employment
with the Corporation or a participating subsidiary."
2. Subsection (d) of Section 6.1 of the Plan is hereby amended in its
entirety to read as follows:
"(d) Notwithstanding any provision in this Program to
the contrary, a Participant may, on the applicable Date of
Deferral or at any time thereafter prior to a Change of
Control, elect to receive payment of his or her entire
account balance under this Program at such time as the Board
of Directors of the Corporation determines that a Change of
Control has occurred. Moreover, a Participant may elect to
change his election to receive (or not to receive) payment
of his or her entire account balance under this Program upon
the occurrence of a Change of Control at any time prior to
the date that the Board of Directors of the Corporation
determines that a Change of Control has occurred. Any
payments made under this subsection (d) shall be made in a
lump sum within 45 days after the Change of Control as
occurred."
3. The provisions of this Fourth Amendment shall be effective as of January
1, 1997.
As hereby amended, the UCAR International Inc. Compensation Deferral
Program shall continue in full force and effect.
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC.
By: /s/ Fred C. Wolf
--------------------
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 10.34(a)
THIRD AMENDMENT TO THE
UCAR CARBON SAVINGS PLAN
------------------------
In accordance with Section 9.1 of the UCAR Savings Plan (the "Plan"), the
Plan is hereby amended as follows:
1. Section 1.17.1 of the Plan is amended to delete the words "with respect
to 1995, or during the Plan Year with respect to any other year" therefrom.
2. Section 2.3.1 of the Plan is amended by inserting the following before
the last period thereof:
"or, the Committee may treat any amounts that would
otherwise cause the $9,240 limitation (as adjusted) to be
exceeded, as a Basic Deduction or Supplemental Deduction
pursuant to Section 2.7 of the Plan."
3. Section 5.8.6 of the Plan is amended by adding the following at the end
thereof:
"To the extent a Participant's Accounts are invested in more
than one Investment Option, he or she may designate in
writing the order in which such Investment Options will be
liquidated for Plan loans (except that UCAR Discounted Stock
will always be the last fund liquidated). If the Participant
does not so designate an order, Investment Options will be
liquidated in the following order (to the extent
applicable):
i. Fixed Income Fund;
ii. Balanced Fund;
iii. Equity Income Fund;
iv. Equity Indexed Fund;
v. Equity Growth Fund;
vi. Praxair Common Stock;
vii. UCC Stock;
viii. U.S. Savings Bonds;
ix. UCAR Stock; and
x. UCAR Discounted Stock (to the extend permitted)."
4. The provisions of paragraph 2 and 3 of this Third Amendment shall be
effective as of January 1, 1994.
5. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Third Amendment shall be
effective as of January 1, 1995.
UCAR CARBON COMPANY, INC.
By: /s/ John C. Arnold
----------------------
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 10.34(b)
FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE
UCAR CARBON SAVINGS PLAN
------------------------
In accordance with Section 9.1 of the UCAR Carbon Savings Plan (the
"Plan"), the Plan is hereby amended as follows:
1. Section 2.15(a) of the Plan shall be amended to read as follows:
"(a)shall be made first from Supplemental Deposits, then
Supplemental Deductions, then Basic Deductions, then
Additional Company Contributions, and then Company
Contributions;"
2. The second sentence of Section 2.16.3(b) shall be amended to read as
follows:
"Company Contributions which relate to such Before Tax
Contributions shall be forfeited and used to reduce Company
Contributions and/or Additional Company Contributions for
the year of the distribution and subsequent years, as
necessary;"
3. Sections 2.12.1 and 2.12.2 of the Plan are amended to insert at the
beginnings thereof, the phrase "Except as set forth in Section 2.16.3(b),".
4. The provisions of this Fourth Amendment shall be effective as of January
1, 1994.
UCAR CARBON COMPANY, INC.
By: /s/ John C. Arnold
----------------------
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 10.41(a)
UCAR INTERNATIONAL, INC.
BENEFITS PROTECTION TRUST
The UCAR International Inc. Benefits Protection Trust (the "Trust") is
hereby amended as follows:
1. Article Second, subparagraph (b) (1) of the Trust is hereby amended in
its entirety to read as follows:
"(1) the L/C shall expire no sooner than (1) year from the
date of issuance,"
2. This First Amendment shall be effective as of July 27, 1995.
UCAR INTERNATIONAL, INC.
By: /s/ Fred C. Wolf
--------------------
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC.
COMPUTATION OF EARNINGS PER SHARE
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------------
1996 1995
------------------- -------------------
Fully Fully
Primary Diluted Primary Diluted
------- ------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Income (loss) before extraordinary charge and cumulative
effect of change in accounting principles ................................ $ 145.4 $ 145.4 $ (11.7) $ (11.7)
Pro forma effects of the Recapitalization (after tax):
Compensation expense related to the Company's long
term incentive compensation plan ..................................... - - 1.0 1.0
Senior subordinated credit facility expense ............................ - - 4.0 4.0
Net adjustment to interest ............................................. - - (3.0) (3.0)
Taxes due to Recapitalization .......................................... - - 37.0 37.0
Pro forma effects of the Initial Offering and Redemption (after tax):
Accelerated vesting of performance stock options and matching shares ... - - 12.0 12.0
Net adjustment to interest ............................................. - - 9.0 9.0
Extraordinary charge ................................................... - - 17.4 17.4
Pro forma effects of the Refinancing (after tax):
Extraordinary charge ................................................... - - 19.5 19.5
Net adjustment to interest ............................................. - - 6.0 6.0
__________ __________ __________ __________
Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting
principles (Pro forma in 1995) ........................................... $ 145.4 $ 145.4 $ 91.2 $ 91.2
Cumulative effect on prior years of change in accounting for inventories .. 7.1 7.1 - -
__________ __________ __________ __________
Net income - common stockholders (Pro forma in 1995) ............. $ 152.5 $ 152.5 $ 91.2 $ 91.2
========== ========== ========== ==========
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares
applicable to each earnings per share calculation (Pro forma in 1995):
Weighted average number of shares outstanding .......................... 46,273,820 46,273,820 45,959,718 45,959,718
Dilutive effect of stock options ....................................... 2,195,365 2,225,002 2,803,199 2,803,199
__________ __________ __________ __________
48,469,185 48,498,822 48,762,917 48,762,917
========== ========== ========== ==========
Net income per common share (Pro forma in 1995) (A):
Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principles ..... $ 3.00 $ 3.00 $ 1.87 $ 1.87
Cumulative effect on prior years of change in accounting for inventories 0.15 0.15 - -
__________ __________ __________ __________
Net income per share ............................................. $ 3.15 $ 3.15 $ 1.87 $ 1.87
========== ========== ========== ==========
(A) Fully diluted earnings per share is not significantly different than primary net income per share and, therefore, has not been
presented on the face of the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 21.1
Subsidiaries of UCAR International Inc.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Ownership by
Jurisdiction of UCAR
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation International Inc.
- - ------------------ --------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C>
1. UCAR Global Enterprises Inc. Delaware 100%
Ownership by
Jurisdiction of UCAR Global
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation Enterprises Inc.
- - ------------------ --------------- ------------------
2. UCAR Carbon Company Inc. Delaware 100%
3. UCAR Holdings II Inc. Delaware 100%
4. UCAR Carbon S.A. Brazil 94.04%
Ownership by
Jurisdiction of UCAR Carbon
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation Company Inc.
- - ------------------ --------------- ------------------
5. UCAR Holdings Inc. Delaware 100%
6. UCAR Limited United Kingdom 100%(a)
7. EMSA (Pty.) Ltd. South Africa 50%(b)
8. Carbographite Limited South Africa 50%(b)
9. UCAR International Trading Inc. Delaware 100%
10. UCAR Carbon Technology Delaware 100%
Corporation
11. UCAR Carbon Foreign Sales Virgin Islands 100%
Corporation
12. UCAR Composites Inc. California 100%
13. Union Carbide Grafito, Inc. New York 100%
14. Unicarbon Comercial Ltda. Brazil 100%
15. UCAR Carbon (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. Malaysia 100%
Jurisdiction of Ownership by
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation UCAR Holdings II
- - ------------------ --------------- ------------------
16. UCAR Holdings III Inc. Delaware 100%
17. UCAR Holdings S.A. France 100%(c)
18. UCAR Electrodos S.L. Spain 100%(d)
19. UCAR Inc. Canada 100%
20. UCAR Holding GmbH Austria 100%
21. UCAR Elektroden GmbII Germany 70%
Jurisdiction of Ownership by
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation UCAR Holdings GmbH
- - ------------------ --------------- ------------------
22. UCAR Grafit OAO Russia 89.67%
Jurisdiction of Ownership by
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation UCAR Holdings Inc.
- - ------------------ --------------- ------------------
23. UCAR Mexicana S.A. de C.V. Mexico 100%(e)
24. UCAR S.p.A. Italy 100%(f)
Jurisdiction of Ownership by
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation UCAR Holdings S.A.
- - ------------------ --------------- ------------------
25. UCAR S.N.C. France 100%(g)
26. Carbone Savoie France 70%
Jurisdiction of Ownership by
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation UCAR Mexicana S.A de C.V.
- - ------------------ --------------- -------------------------
27. UCAR Carbon Mexicana Mexico 100%(h)
S.A. de C.V.
Ownership by
Jurisdiction of UCAR Carbon Mexicana,
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation S.A. de C.V.
- - ------------------ --------------- ------------------
28. Servicios Administratoes Carmex Mexico 99.9%
S.A. de C.V.
29. Servicios DYC S.A. de C.V. Mexico 99.9%
Jurisdiction of Ownership by
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation UCAR S.p.A.
- - ------------------ --------------- -------------------------
30. UCAR Energia S.r.l. Italy 100%
31. UCAR Specialties S.r.l. Italy 100%
Jurisdiction of Ownership by
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation UCAR Carbon S.A.
- - ------------------ --------------- -------------------------
32. UCAR Produtos de Carbono S.A. Brazil 99.9%
Jurisdiction of Ownership by
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation UCAR Produtos de Carbono S.A.
- - ------------------ --------------- -------------------------
33. Itapira Brasil Investimentos E Brazil 100%(i)
Participacoes Ltda.
Jurisdiction of Ownership by
Name of Subsidiary Incorporation Unicarbon Comercial Ltda.
- - ------------------ --------------- -------------------------
34. UCAR Carbon S.A. Brazil 2.31%
</TABLE>
- - ------------------------------------
(a) 99.9% owned by UCAR Carbon Company Inc. A nominee owns one share of UCAR
Limited.
(b) Each of EMSA (Pty.) Ltd. ("EMSA") and Carbographite Limited
("Carbographite") is owned 50% by UCAR Carbon Company Inc. (the "Company")
and 50% by Samancor Limited, a South African company. The Company controls
the operations of EMSA and Carbographite. However, for U.S. GAAP
accounting purposes, EMSA and Carbographite are treated as affiliates and
not consolidated as subsidiaries.
(c) 99.4% owned by UCAR Holdings II Inc. UCAR International Inc., UCAR Global
Enterprises Inc., UCAR Carbon Company Inc. and three nominees each own one
share of UCAR Holdings S.A.
(d) 99.9% owned by UCAR Holdings II Inc. UCAR Carbon Company Inc. owns 0.1% of
UCAR Electrodos S.L.
(e) 99.9% owned by UCAR Holdings Inc. UCAR Carbon Company Inc. owns one share
of UCAR Mexicana, S.A. de C.V.
(f) 99.9% owned by UCAR Holdings Inc. and UCAR Carbon Company Inc. owns 0.1%
of UCAR S.p.A.
(g) 99.9% owned by UCAR Holdings S.A. UCAR Holdings III Inc. owns one share of
UCAR S.N.C.
(h) 99.9% owned by UCAR Mexicana, S.A. de C.V. UCAR Carbon Company Inc. owns
0.1% of UCAR Carbon Mexicana, S.A. de C.V.
(i) 99.9% owned by UCAR Produtos de Carbono S.A. Two nominees own one share
each of Itapira Brasil Investimentos E Participacoes Ltda.
<PAGE>
Independent Auditors' Consent
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration
statements on Form S-8 (No. 33-95546, No. 33-95548, No. 33-95550, No. 333-2560
and No. 333-2598) of UCAR International Inc. of our report dated February 10,
1997, relating to the Consolidated Balance Sheets of UCAR International Inc. and
subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996 and 1995, and the related Consolidated
Statements of Operations, Cash Flows and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for each
of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1996 appearing on page
35 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our report on the consolidated financial
statements refers to a change in the method of determining LIFO inventories in
1996.
Stamford, Connecticut
March 10, 1997
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM THE
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC.'S FORM 10-K FOR THE YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 1996, AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<CIK> 0000931148
<NAME> UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC.
<MULTIPLIER> 1,000,000
<S> <C> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1996 DEC-31-1995
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1996 JAN-01-1995
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1996 DEC-31-1995
<CASH> 95 53
<SECURITIES> 0 0
<RECEIVABLES> 191 191
<ALLOWANCES> 6 11
<INVENTORY> 176 136
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 483 403
<PP&E> 1087 1013
<DEPRECIATION> 653 635
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 988 864
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 249 228
<BONDS> 581 636
0 0
0 0
<COMMON> 0 0
<OTHER-SE> (2) (167)
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 988 864
<SALES> 948 901
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 948 901
<CGS> 583 556
<TOTAL-COSTS> 583 556
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 8 38
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0 2
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 61 93
<INCOME-PRETAX> 207 96
<INCOME-TAX> 68 74
<INCOME-CONTINUING> 145 25
<DISCONTINUED> 0 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0 37
<CHANGES> 7 0
<NET-INCOME> 152 (12)
<EPS-PRIMARY> 3.15 1.87<F1>
<EPS-DILUTED> 3.15 1.87<F1>
<FN>
<F1>Pro forma for 1995. See Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.
</FN>
</TABLE>
