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Prospectus Supplement dated March 26, 1999 (To Prospectus dated June 23, 1998)
$177,750,240
RESIDENTIAL ASSET SECURITIES CORPORATION
Company
RESIDENTIAL FUNDING CORPORATION
Master Servicer
MORTGAGE ASSET-BACKED PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES, SERIES 1999-RS1
YOU SHOULD CONSIDER CAREFULLY THE RISK FACTORS BEGINNING ON PAGE S-9 IN THIS
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND PAGE 10 IN THE PROSPECTUS.
The certificates will represent interests only in the trust created for Series
1999-RS1 and will not represent ownership interests in or obligations of
Residential Asset Securities Corporation, Residential Funding Corporation or any
of their affiliates.
This prospectus supplement may be used to offer and sell the certificates
offered hereby only if accompanied by the prospectus.
CLASS A CERTIFICATES
The Series 1999-RS1 trust will consist primarily of two groups of one- to
four-family first mortgage loans. The trust will issue ten classes of
certificates. Only four of these classes of certificates, the Class A
Certificates, are offered hereby.
CREDIT ENHANCEMENT
To the extent provided in this prospectus supplement, credit enhancement will be
provided to the Class A Certificates by
the excess cash flow on the related mortgage loans;
overcollateralization represented by the excess of the balance of the
mortgage loans in the related loan group over the balance of the related
Class A Certificates;
cross-collateralization provided by the non-related loan group covering
losses and shortfalls; and
a certificate guaranty insurance policy issued by Ambac Assurance
Corporation.
[Logo]
UNDERWRITING
The underwriter will offer to the public the Class A Certificates at varying
prices to be determined at the time of sale. The underwriter's commission will
be the difference between the price it pays to the company for the Class A
Certificates and the amount it receives from the sale of the Class A
Certificates to the public. The proceeds to the company from the sale of the
Class A Certificates to the underwriter will be approximately 99.57% of the
aggregate principal balance of the Class A Certificates plus accrued interest
(except on the Class A-II Certificates), before deducting expenses payable by
the Company. See 'Method of Distribution' in this prospectus supplement.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES OR DETERMINED
THAT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT OR THE PROSPECTUS IS ACCURATE OR COMPLETE. ANY
REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
BEAR, STEARNS & CO. INC.
UNDERWRITER
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IMPORTANT NOTICE ABOUT INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND
THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS
We provide information to you about the Class A Certificates in two separate
documents that provide progressively more detail:
the accompanying prospectus, which provides general information, some of
which may not apply to your series of certificates; and
this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of your
series of certificates.
IF THE DESCRIPTION OF YOUR CERTIFICATES IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT DIFFERS
FROM THE RELATED DESCRIPTION IN THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS, YOU SHOULD RELY ON
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.
You can find a listing of the pages where capitalized terms used both in the
prospectus and prospectus supplement are defined under the caption 'Index'
beginning on page 106 in the accompanying prospectus.
The Company's principal offices are located at 8400 Normandale Lake Boulevard,
Suite 600, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55437 and its phone number is (612) 832-7000.
TABLE OF CONTENTS [TO BE UPDATED]
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Summary........................................ S-3
Risk Factors................................... S-9
Risk of Loss.............................. S-9
Limited Obligations....................... S-13
Liquidity Risks........................... S-13
Special Yield and Prepayment
Consideration........................... S-13
Risk of Certain Shortfalls................ S-14
Introduction................................... S-15
Description of the Mortgage Pool............... S-15
General................................... S-15
Representations and Warranties............ S-15
Missing Loan Notes........................ S-16
Loans with Unpaid Amounts at Maturity..... S-16
Balloon Mortgage Loans.................... S-16
Payments on the Simple Interest Mortgage
Loans................................... S-16
Mortgage Rate Adjustment of the Group II
Loans................................... S-17
Negative Amortization Loans............... S-19
Convertible Loans......................... S-20
Mortgage Pool Characteristics -- Group I
Loans................................... S-20
Mortgage Pool Characteristics -- Group II
Loans................................... S-25
Credit Scores............................. S-32
Standard Hazard Insurance and Primary
Mortgage Insurance...................... S-33
Underwriting Standards.................... S-34
Residential Funding....................... S-38
Servicing................................. S-38
Special Servicing......................... S-39
Additional Information.................... S-39
Description of the Certificates................ S-40
General................................... S-40
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Book-Entry Registration................... S-40
Multiple Loan Group Structure............. S-41
Available Distribution Amount............. S-42
Interest Distributions.................... S-42
Determination of One-Month LIBOR.......... S-45
Principal Distributions on the Class A
Certificates............................ S-45
Overcollateralization Provisions.......... S-47
Certificate Guaranty Insurance Policy..... S-50
Allocation of Losses; Subordination....... S-51
Advances.................................. S-53
Year 2000 Considerations....................... S-53
Overview of the Year 2000 Issue................ S-53
Overview of Residential Funding's Y2K
Project...................................... S-53
Risks Related to Y2K........................... S-55
The Credit Enhancer............................ S-56
Certain Yield and Prepayment Considerations.... S-57
General................................... S-57
Pooling and Servicing Agreement................ S-64
General................................... S-64
The Master Servicer....................... S-64
Servicing and Other Compensation and
Payment of Expenses..................... S-66
Voting Rights............................. S-66
Termination............................... S-67
Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences........ S-67
Method of Distribution......................... S-69
Experts........................................ S-69
Legal Opinions................................. S-69
Ratings........................................ S-69
Legal Investment............................... S-70
ERISA Considerations........................... S-71
</TABLE>
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SUMMARY
The following summary is a very general overview of the offered
certificates and does not contain all of the information that you should
consider in making your investment decision. To understand all of the terms of
the offered certificates, you should read carefully this entire document and the
accompanying prospectus.
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Title of securities.......................... Mortgage Asset-Backed Pass-Through Certificates, Series 1999-RS1.
Depositor.................................... Residential Asset Securities Corporation, an affiliate of
Residential Funding Corporation.
Master servicer.............................. Residential Funding Corporation.
Trustee...................................... The First National Bank of Chicago, a national banking
association.
Certificate insurer.......................... Ambac Assurance Corporation.
Mortgage pool................................ 1,522 fixed and adjustable-rate mortgage loans with an aggregate
principal balance of approximately $181,377,797 as of the cut-off
date, secured by first liens on one- to four-family residential
properties.
Cut-off date................................. March 1, 1999.
Closing date................................. On or about March 30, 1999.
Distribution dates........................... The 25th of each month or, if the 25th is not a business day, on
the next business day, beginning on April 26, 1999.
Scheduled final distribution date............ With respect to the Class A-I Certificates, October 25, 2029. With
respect to the Class A-II Certificates, February 25, 2029. The
actual final distribution date could be substantially earlier.
Form of certificates......................... Book-entry.
See 'Description of the Certificates -- Book-Entry Registration'
in this prospectus supplement.
Minimum denominations........................ $25,000.
Legal investment............................. When issued, the Class A Certificates will be 'mortgage related
securities' for purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market
Enhancement Act of 1984.
See 'Legal Investment' in this prospectus supplement and the
prospectus.
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OFFERED CERTIFICATES
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INITIAL
CERTIFICATE INITIAL RATING
PASS-THROUGH PRINCIPAL (S&P AND
CLASS RATE BALANCE FITCH/MOODY'S)(1) DESIGNATIONS
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Class A Certificates:
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A-I-1 6.210%(2) $ 60,645,000 AAA/Aaa Senior/Fixed Rate
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A-I-2 6.570%(2) $ 16,956,000 AAA/Aaa Senior/Fixed Rate
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A-I-3 6.846%(2) $ 29,639,167 AAA/Aaa Senior/Fixed Rate
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A-II Adjustable(3) $ 70,510,073 AAA/Aaa Senior/Floating Rate
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Total Class A Certificates $177,750,240
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NON-OFFERED CERTIFICATES(4)
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SB-I N/A $ 2,188,576 N/A Subordinate
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SB-II N/A $ 1,438,981 N/A Subordinate
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R-I N/A N/A N/A Residual
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R-II N/A N/A N/A Residual
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R-III N/A N/A N/A Residual
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R-IV N/A N/A N/A Residual
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Total Class SB and Class R
Certificates $ 3,627,557
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Total offered and
non-offered certificates $181,377,797
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</TABLE>
(1) See 'Ratings' in this prospectus supplement.
(2) Subject to a cap equal to the weighted average of the net mortgage rates of
the Group I Loans.
(3) The lesser of (i) one-month LIBOR plus 0.34% per annum (or 0.68% per annum
after the applicable optional termination date) and (ii) the weighted
average of the net mortgage rates of the Group II Loans. Initially, 5.27969%
per annum.
(4) The information presented for non-offered certificates is provided solely to
assist your understanding of the offered certificates.
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THE TRUST
The company will establish a trust with respect to the Class A Certificates
pursuant to a pooling and servicing agreement dated as of the cut-off date among
the company, the master servicer and the trustee. On the closing date, the
company will deposit into the trust the pool of mortgage loans described below.
The trust will also include credit enhancement in the form of a certificate
guaranty insurance policy provided by Ambac Assurance Corporation, which
guarantees certain payments on the Class A Certificates.
The Class A Certificates will represent a partial ownership interest in the
trust. Distributions of interest and/or principal on the Class A Certificates
will be made only from payments received from the assets of the trust as
described herein.
THE MORTGAGE POOL
The mortgage loans to be deposited in the trust will be divided into two loan
groups. The mortgage loans in the first group will have fixed interest rates.
The mortgage loans in the second group will have adjustable interest rates. The
mortgage loans have the following characteristics as of the cut-off date:
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LOAN GROUP I
Range of principal balances $3,869 to $1,080,721
Average principal balance $104,616
Range of mortgage rates 2.00% to 16.25%
Weighted average mortgage rate 8.4646%
Range of remaining terms to stated 16 months to 366
maturity months
Weighted average remaining term to 293 months
stated maturity
LOAN GROUP II
Range of principal balances $2,727 to $1,000,000
Average principal balance $151,153
Range of mortgage rates 4.50% to 15.85%
Weighted average mortgage rate 8.3045%
Range of remaining terms to stated 12 months to 358
maturity months
Weighted average remaining term to 282 months
stated maturity
</TABLE>
The interest rate on the adjustable rate mortgage loans will adjust on each
adjustment date to equal the sum of the related index and the related note
margin on such mortgage, subject to a maximum and minimum interest rate, as
described herein.
Substantially all of the mortgage loans have one or more of the following
characteristics:
they were not originated in accordance with the company's usual
underwriting guidelines;
they were not originated in accordance with any uniform set of
underwriting guidelines;
they have document deficiencies that exceed the scope of the company's
usual underwriting guidelines; and/or
the related mortgagors have delinquency histories that exceed the scope of
the company's usual underwriting criteria.
Such characteristics make substantially all of the mortgage loans ineligible or
otherwise inappropriate for inclusion in a securitization by the company or any
of its affiliates if the traditional underwriting criteria of the company or its
affiliates were applied. See 'Risk Factors -- Non-Standard Nature of the
Mortgage Loans' in this prospectus supplement.
Approximately 6.1% of the mortgage loans in Loan Group I are balloon loans,
which require a substantial portion of the original principal amount to be paid
on the respective scheduled maturity date. Approximately 4.4% of the mortgage
loans in Loan Group II are convertible mortgage loans, which generally provide
that, at the option of the related mortgagors, the adjustable interest rate on
such mortgage loans may be converted to a fixed interest rate. Approximately
2.3% of the mortgage loans in Loan Group II are negative amortization loans,
which have a feature where, under certain circumstances, interest due on such
mortgage loans is added to the principal balance thereof. See 'Description of
the Mortgage Pool -- Balloon Mortgage Loans,' ' -- Convertible Mortgage Loans'
and ' -- Negative Amortization Loans' in this prospectus supplement.
The mortgage loans have been originated using a variety of different
underwriting standards. See 'Description of the Mortgage Pool -- Underwriting
Standards' in this Prospectus Supplement.
For additional information regarding the mortgage pool see 'Description of the
Mortgage Pool' in this prospectus supplement.
DISTRIBUTIONS ON THE CLASS A CERTIFICATES
PRIORITY OF PAYMENT. Subservicers will collect payments of principal and
interest on the mortgage loans. Each month, the subservicers will retain their
subservicing fee and forward the remainder of such payments, together with any
advance that they make for delinquent mortgage payments, to the master servicer.
After retaining its master servicing fee and amounts that reimburse the
subservicer or master servicer for reimbursable expenses and
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advances, the master servicer will forward all collections on the mortgage
loans, together with any advances that it makes for delinquent mortgage payments
and certain other amounts described herein, to the trustee.
The aggregate amount of such monthly payments, advances and other amounts, less
the premium paid to the certificate insurer, is the available distribution
amount for the related loan group for any distribution date. See 'Description of
the Certificates -- The Available Distribution Amount' in this prospectus
supplement.
Distributions to certificateholders will be made from the available distribution
amount for the related loan group generally as follows:
Step 1
Interest to the Class A Certificates
Step 2
Principal to the Class A Certificates
Step 3
Principal to the Class A Certificates in respect of
certain realized losses on the mortgage loans
Step 4
Reimbursement to the certificate insurer for
payments
made by the certificate insurer to the Class A
Certificates
Step 5
Principal payments of excess cash flow to the Class
A Certificates as required to create
overcollateralization, until the amount of
overcollateralization reaches the amount specified
herein
Step 6
Payments in respect of certain interest shortfalls
on the Class A Certificates
Step 7
Distribution of any remaining funds to the
related Class SB and Class R Certificates
INTEREST DISTRIBUTIONS. The amount of interest owed to the Class A Certificates
on each distribution date will generally equal, to the extent of the available
distribution amount:
the pass-through rate on the Class A Certificates for the related
distribution date
MULTIPLIED BY
the certificate principal balance of the Class A Certificates immediately
prior to the related distribution date
MULTIPLIED BY
1/12 in the case of the Class A-I Certificates and the actual number of
days in the related interest accrual period divided by 360 in the case of
the Class A-II Certificates
MINUS
interest shortfalls allocated to that class.
See 'Description of the Certificates -- Interest Distributions' in this
prospectus supplement.
PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTIONS. Principal distributions on the Class A Certificates
will consist of the following:
the principal portion of scheduled monthly payments on the mortgage loans;
principal prepayments on the mortgage loans; and
the principal portion of other recoveries on the mortgage loans.
In addition, the Class A Certificates will receive a distribution in respect of
principal, to the extent of any excess cash flow available to cover certain
realized losses and then to increase the amount of overcollateralization for the
related group until the overcollateralization target for that group is reached.
In addition, the Class A Certificates will receive a distribution in respect of
principal from the policy to cover certain realized losses on the related
mortgage loans.
See 'Description of the Certificates -- Principal Distributions on the Class A
Certificates' in this prospectus supplement.
CREDIT ENHANCEMENT
COVERAGE OF LOSSES. Realized losses on the mortgage loans will be covered by
excess cash flow, overcollateralization, cross-collateralization and the
certificate guaranty insurance policy as follows:
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First, realized losses will be covered by a distribution from any excess
cash flow on the related loan group,
Second, realized losses will be covered by a distribution from any excess
cash flow on the other loan group,
Third, realized losses will result in a decrease in the level of
overcollateralization on the related loan group, until reduced to zero,
Fourth, realized losses will result in a decrease in the level of
overcollateralization on the other loan group, until reduced to zero, and
Fifth, realized losses will be allocated to the related Class A
Certificates, in reduction of the certificate principal balance thereof,
provided that any such loss will be covered by the certificate guaranty
insurance policy.
Not all realized losses will be allocated in the priority set forth above.
Realized losses due to natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, or certain
other extraordinary events and losses due to fraud by or bankruptcy of a
mortgagor will be allocated as described above only up to specified amounts.
Losses of these types in excess of the specified amount and losses due to
certain other extraordinary events will, in general, be allocated to the related
Class A Certificates, provided that any such loss will be covered by the
certificate guaranty insurance policy.
Neither the Class A Certificates nor the mortgage loans are insured or
guaranteed by the company, the master servicer, the trustee, GMAC Mortgage
Group, Inc. or any affiliate thereof.
See 'Description of the Certificates -- Subordination; Allocation of Losses' in
this prospectus supplement.
THE CERTIFICATE GUARANTY INSURANCE POLICY. Ambac Assurance Corporation will
issue a certificate guaranty insurance policy as a means of providing additional
credit enhancement to the Class A Certificates. Under the policy, the insurer
will pay to the trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Class A
Certificates, as further described herein, an amount that will cover any
shortfalls in amounts available to pay the interest distribution amount for the
Class A Certificates on any distribution date, the principal portion of any
realized losses allocated to the Class A Certificates and the certificate
principal balance of the Class A
Certificates to the extent unpaid on the final distribution date. The policy
will not provide coverage for certain interest shortfalls. See 'Description of
the Certificates -- Certificate Guaranty Insurance Policy' and 'The Insurer'
herein.
ADVANCES
For any month, if the master servicer receives a payment on a mortgage loan that
is less than the full scheduled payment (or if no payment is received at all),
the master servicer will advance its own funds to cover that shortfall. However,
the master servicer will make such advance only if it determines that such
advance will be recoverable from future payments or collections on that mortgage
loan.
See 'Description of the Certificates -- Advances' in this prospectus supplement.
OPTIONAL TERMINATION
On any distribution date on which the aggregate outstanding principal balance of
the mortgage loans in a loan group as of the related determination date is less
than 5% of their aggregate principal balance as of the cut-off date, the master
servicer or the company may, but will not be required to:
purchase from the trust all remaining mortgage loans in that loan group
and thereby cause an early retirement of the related certificates;
or
purchase all the certificates related to that loan group.
An optional repurchase will cause the outstanding principal balance of the
applicable certificates to be paid in full with accrued interest and certain
unpaid interest shortfalls. However, there will be no reimbursement of principal
reductions or related interest that resulted from losses allocated to the
applicable certificate. In addition, no such purchase of the mortgage loans or
certificates will be permitted if it would result in a draw under the policy
unless the certificate insurer consents to such termination.
See 'Pooling and Servicing Agreement -- Termination' in this prospectus
supplement and 'The Pooling and Servicing Agreement --
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Termination; Retirement of Certificates' in the prospectus.
RATINGS
When issued, the Class A Certificates will receive ratings which are not lower
than those set forth on page S-4 of this prospectus supplement. The ratings on
the Class A Certificates address the likelihood that holders of the Class A
Certificates will receive all distributions on the underlying mortgage loans to
which they are entitled. A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell
or hold a security and is subject to change or withdrawal at any time by the
assigning rating agency. The ratings also do not address the rate of principal
prepayments on the mortgage loans or the likelihood of reimbursement for certain
interest shortfalls.
See 'Ratings' in this prospectus supplement.
LEGAL INVESTMENT
When issued, the Class A Certificates will be 'mortgage related securities' for
purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984. You should
consult your legal advisors in determining whether and to what extent the Class
A Certificates constitute legal investments for you.
See 'Legal Investment' in this prospectus supplement for important information
concerning possible restrictions on ownership of the Class A Certificates by
regulated institutions.
TAX STATUS
For federal income tax purposes, the company will elect to treat certain
portions of the trust as Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits. The Class A
Certificates will each represent ownership of a regular interest in a REMIC. The
Class A Certificates generally will be treated as debt instruments for federal
income tax purposes. A Certificateholder will be required to include in income
all interest and original issue discount, if any, on such certificate in
accordance with the accrual method of accounting regardless of the
certificateholder's usual method of accounting. For federal income tax purposes,
the Residual Certificates will be the sole residual interest in each REMIC.
For further information regarding the federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Class A Certificates, see 'Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences' in this prospectus supplement and in the accompanying prospectus.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
The Class A Certificates may be purchased by persons investing assets of
employee benefit plans or individual retirement accounts subject to important
considerations.
See 'ERISA Considerations' in this Prospectus Supplement.
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RISK FACTORS
The Class A Certificates are not suitable investments for all investors. In
particular, you should not purchase the Class A Certificates unless you
understand the prepayment, credit, liquidity and market risks associated with
that class.
The Class A Certificates are complex securities. You should possess, either
alone or together with an investment advisor, the expertise necessary to
evaluate the information contained in this prospectus supplement and the
accompanying prospectus in the context of your financial situation and tolerance
for risk.
You should carefully consider, among other things, the following factors in
connection with the purchase of the Class A Certificates:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
RISK OF LOSS
The mortgage loans have The mortgage loans were underwritten pursuant to a variety of underwriting
documentation defects, underwriting programs as described herein under 'Description of the Mortgage
exceptions and other attributes that Pool -- Underwriting Standards.' However, substantially all of the mortgage
may increase risk of loss on the loans were determined to be ineligible for inclusion in a securitization of
mortgage loans. the company (or any one of its affiliates) using the standard selection
criteria for such securitizations. The mortgage loans include loans that:
did not comply with the underwriting standards for the program under which
they were originated (typically, because the loan-to-value ratio exceeded
permitted levels or due to the lack of a primary mortgage insurance policy
as required);
have deficiencies in legal documentation or are missing documents;
have delinquency histories that do not comply with standard requirements
for securitizations conducted by the company (or any one of its
affiliates);
are currently delinquent (not greater than 89 days);
were originated to be held in portfolio by various originators and not
pursuant to any particular secondary mortgage market program; as a result
many of the mortgage loans have exceptions such as high loan-to-value
ratios or no primary mortgage insurance policy;
were originated under a special program created to refinance non-
performing loans (the 'Phoenix Program,' as further described herein);
have non-standard payment features, such as balloon payments;
represent high concentrations of risk as described below;
are seasoned loans, which may not conform to the company's current
underwriting criteria or documentation requirements;
have borrowers with low credit scores as described herein;
in addition to the first lien mortgage loan included in the trust, may
involve secondary financing resulting in a high combined loan-to-value
ratio; or
have other factors and characteristics that cause the loan to be
ineligible for inclusion in another securitization conducted by the
company (or any one of its affiliates), other than on an exception basis.
The foregoing characteristics of the mortgage loans may adversely affect the
performance of the mortgage pool and the value of the Class A Certificates
as compared to other mortgage pools and other series of mortgage
pass-through certificates issued by the company and its affiliates.
</TABLE>
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Investors should note that 31.1% and 26.5% of the mortgage loans in Loan
Group I and Loan Group II, respectively, were made to borrowers that had
credit scores of less than 600. The mortgage loans with higher loan-to-value
ratios may also present a greater risk of loss. 27.1% and 14.4% of the
mortgage loans in Loan Group I and Loan Group II, respectively, are mortgage
loans with loan-to-value ratios at origination in excess of 80% and are not
insured by a primary mortgage insurance policy.
The mortgage loans were underwritten The mortgage loans included in the trust were underwritten to a wide variety
under a variety of underwriting of underwriting standards under several different programs, as described
standards and programs, which may herein under 'Description of the Mortgage Pool -- Underwriting Standards.'
increase the risk of loss on the These programs include Residential Funding's Core Program, Expanded Criteria
mortgage loans. Program, and Expanded Credit Program (each as described herein). The
standards under which the mortgage loans were underwritten include those
that are less stringent than the underwriting standards applied by other
first mortgage loan purchase programs such as those run by Fannie Mae or by
Freddie Mac. In addition, certain of the mortgage loans were originated by
various originators for their own portfolio of mortgage loans and not
pursuant to any of Residential Funding's programs or any other secondary
market program. Other mortgage loans were originated under Residential
Funding's 'Phoenix Program' for refinancing nonperforming loans, as
described herein.
As a result of the varying underwriting standards and the lack of normal
compliance with those standards, the mortgage loans are likely to experience
rates of delinquency, foreclosure and bankruptcy that are higher, and that
may be substantially higher, than those experienced by mortgage loans
underwritten in a more traditional manner.
The delinquencies on the mortgage Some of the mortgage loans included in the trust are either currently
loans are high, which may increase delinquent or have been delinquent in the past. As of the cut-off date, 2.1%
the risk of loss on the mortgage and 3.9% of the mortgage loans in Loan Group I and Loan Group II,
loans. respectively, are 30 to 59 days delinquent in payment of principal and
interest. As of the cut-off date, 0.8% and 1.4% of the mortgage loans in
Loan Group I and Loan Group II, respectively, are 60 to 89 days delinquent
in payment of principal and interest. Mortgage loans with a history of
delinquencies are more likely to experience delinquencies in the future,
even if such mortgage loans are current as of the cut-off date. See
'Description of the Mortgage Pool -- Mortgage Pool Characteristics' and
' -- Underwriting Standards' herein. For a description of the methodology
used to categorize mortgage loans as delinquent, see 'Pooling and Servicing
Agreement -- The Master Servicer' herein.
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Many of the mortgage loan files are In a number of cases, the mortgage loan files are incomplete and, in
incomplete, which may increase the particular, do not contain all the related mortgage notes or assignments to
risk of loss on the mortgage loans. the trustee. Failure to obtain all such mortgage notes or assignments with
respect to a mortgage loan could cause delays in the ability of the master
servicer to foreclose upon and liquidate the related mortgaged property. See
'Description of the Mortgage Pool -- Missing Loan Files' herein. In
addition, such failure could prevent the master servicer from releasing in a
timely manner the related mortgage lien on the mortgaged property in the
event of a prepayment in full of the related mortgage loan. Failure to
release the related mortgage lien on such mortgaged property may subject the
master servicer (and perhaps the trust) to liability to the related
mortgagor in an action for damages and to administrative sanctions.
The mortgage pool is not The mortgage pool consists of a wide variety of mortgage loans, including a
homogeneous. As a result, it may be wide variety of underwriting standards, credit quality, mortgage loan types,
difficult to value the mortgage payment terms, seasoning and originators. In addition, the adjustable rate
pool. mortgage loans have a wide range of interest rates, indices, initial
adjustment dates and periodic adjustment dates. As a result, the loss and
delinquency experience of the mortgage loans may differ substantially from
the characteristics of more homogeneous pools, and such delinquency
experience may be difficult to project. In addition, prepayments on the
mortgage loans may vary substantially over the life of the transaction, and
may be difficult to project. Investors in the Class A Certificates are
strongly encouraged to review the 'Description of the Mortgage Pool' section
herein.
Geographic concentration may affect One risk associated with investing in a pool of mortgage loans is created by
risk of loss on the mortgage loans. any concentration of the related mortgaged properties in one or more
geographic regions. Approximately 21.3% and 29.1% of the cut-off date
principal balance of the mortgage loans in Loan Group I and Loan Group II,
respectively, are located in California. If the regional economy or housing
market of such State (or any other region having a significant concentration
of the properties underlying the mortgage loans) becomes weak, the mortgage
loans related to properties in that region may experience high rates of loss
and delinquency, resulting in losses to certificateholders. A region's
economic condition and housing market may be adversely affected by a variety
of events, including natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes,
floods and eruptions, and civil disturbances such as riots. The economic
impact of any of such events may also be felt in areas beyond the region
immediately affected by the disaster or disturbance. The properties
underlying the mortgage loans may be concentrated in these regions. Such
concentration may result in greater losses to certificateholders than those
generally present for similar mortgage-backed securities without such
concentration.
</TABLE>
S-11
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<TABLE>
<S> <C>
The inability to foreclose on Certain mortgage loans in the mortgage pool that are 60 to 89 days
certain mortgage loans may lead to delinquent as of the cut-off date will have certain restrictions placed on
increased losses with respect to their foreclosure in the pooling and servicing agreement (although these
such mortgage loans. restrictions will be lifted with respect to a mortgage loan if such mortgage
loan becomes current for three consecutive monthly payments). In the event
that one of such loans goes into foreclosure, if acquiring title to such
loan would cause the concentration of such loans in either loan group that
are currently owned by the trust after foreclosure to exceed 0.75% of the
current principal balance of the mortgage loans in such loan group, the
master servicer would not be permitted to acquire title to such mortgage
loan on behalf of the trust. Instead, the master servicer would have to
dispose of such mortgage loan for cash in the foreclosure sale. In such
event, the master servicer would be permitted to acquire (for its own
account and not on behalf of the trust) the mortgaged property at the
foreclosure sale for an amount not less than the greater of: (i) the highest
amount bid by any other person at the foreclosure sale, or (ii) the
estimated fair value of the mortgaged property, as determined by the master
servicer in good faith. As a result, losses on such mortgage loans may be
greater than if the master servicer was permitted to obtain title on behalf
of the trust.
Certain of the mortgage loans Approximately 6.1% of the mortgage loans in Loan Group I (by aggregate
provide for large payments at principal balance of the related loan group as of the cut-off date (after
maturity. deducting payments of principal due in the month of March)) are not fully
amortizing over their terms to maturity and, thus, will require substantial
principal payments (i.e., a balloon payment) at their stated maturity.
Mortgage loans with balloon payments involve a greater degree of risk
because the ability of a mortgagor to make a balloon payment typically will
depend upon the mortgagor's ability either to timely refinance the loan or
to sell the related mortgaged property. See 'Description of the Mortgage
Pool -- Balloon Mortgage Loans' herein.
Credit enhancement is limited. The only credit enhancement for the Class A Certificates will be provided by
(i) the excess cash flow on the mortgage loans, (ii) overcollateralization
represented by the excess of the balance of the mortgage loans over the
balance of the Class A Certificates, (iii) cross-collateralization of the
two loan groups and (iv) a certificate guaranty insurance policy issued by
Ambac Assurance Corporation, in each case to the extent provided in this
prospectus supplement.
</TABLE>
S-12
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<TABLE>
<S> <C>
LIMITED OBLIGATIONS
Payments from the assets of the The Class A Certificates will not represent an interest in or obligation of
trust are the only source of the Company, the Master Servicer, GMAC Mortgage Group, Inc. or any of their
payments on the Class A affiliates. The only obligations of the foregoing entities with respect to
Certificates. the Class A Certificates or any mortgage loan will be the obligations (if
any) of the company and the master servicer pursuant to certain limited
representations and warranties made with respect to the mortgage loans and
the master servicer's servicing obligations under the pooling and servicing
agreement (including the master servicer's limited obligation to make
certain advances). Neither the certificates nor the underlying mortgage
loans will be guaranteed or insured by the company, the master servicer, the
trustee, GMAC Mortgage Group, Inc. or any of their affiliates. Proceeds of
the assets included in the trust fund (including the mortgage loans and the
policy) will be the sole source of payments on the certificates, and there
will be no recourse to the company, the master servicer, the trustee, GMAC
Mortgage Group, Inc. or any other entity in the event that such proceeds are
insufficient or otherwise unavailable to make all payments provided for
under the Class A Certificates.
LIQUIDITY RISKS
An investor may have to hold its A secondary market for the Class A Certificates may not develop. Even if a
Class A Certificates to their secondary market does develop, it may not continue. Accordingly, the Class A
maturity because of difficulty in Certificates may experience illiquidity. Illiquidity means an investor may
reselling the Class A Certificates. not be able to find a buyer to buy its securities readily or at prices that
will enable the investor to realize a desired yield. Illiquidity can have a
severe adverse effect on the market value of the Class A Certificates.
SPECIAL YIELD AND PREPAYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
An investor's yield to maturity will The yield to maturity on the Class A Certificates will depend on a variety
depend on various factors. of factors, including:
the rate and timing of principal payments on the mortgage loans in the
related group (including prepayments, defaults and liquidations, and
repurchases due to breaches of representations or warranties):
the pass-through rate for the Class A Certificates (which for the Class
A-II Certificates will adjust as described herein);
interest shortfalls due to mortgagor prepayments; and
the purchase price for the Class A Certificates. In general, if a class of
Class A Certificates is purchased at a price higher than its outstanding
principal balance, and principal distributions on such class occur faster
than assumed at the time of purchase, the yield will be lower than
anticipated. Conversely, if a class of Class A Certificates is purchased
at a price lower than its outstanding principal balance, and principal
distributions on that class occur more slowly than assumed at the time of
purchase, the yield will be lower than anticipated.
The rate of prepayments on the Since mortgagors can generally prepay their mortgage loans at any time, the
mortgage loans will be affected by rate and timing of principal distributions on the Class A Certificates are
various factors. highly uncertain. Generally, when market interest rates increase, borrowers
are less likely to prepay their mortgage loans. Such reduced prepayments
could result in a slower return of principal to holders of the Class A
Certificates at a time when they may be able to reinvest such funds at a
higher rate of interest than the then-applicable pass-through rate on the
Class A Certificates. Conversely,
</TABLE>
S-13
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<TABLE>
<S> <C>
when market interest rates decrease, borrowers are generally more likely to
prepay their mortgage loans. Such increased prepayments could result in a
faster return of principal to holders of the Class A Certificates at a time
when they may not be able to reinvest such funds at an interest rate as high
as the then-applicable pass-through rate on the Class A Certificates.
Refinancing programs, which may involve soliciting all or some of the
mortgagors to refinance their mortgage loans, may increase the rate of
prepayments on the mortgage loans.
See 'Maturity and Prepayment Considerations' in the prospectus.
RISK OF CERTAIN SHORTFALLS
The Class A-I Certificates may not The Pass-Through Rates on the Class A-I Certificates are subject to a cap
always receive interest based on a equal to the weighted average of the net mortgage rates on the mortgage
fixed rate loans in Loan Group I. Therefore, the prepayment of the mortgage loans in
Loan Group I with higher mortgage rates may result in a lower pass-through
rate on the Class A-I Certificates.
The Class A-II Certificates may not The Class A-II Certificates may not always receive interest at a rate equal
always receive interest based on to One-Month LIBOR plus the applicable margin. If the weighted average of
One-Month LIBOR plus the margin the net mortgage rates on the adjustable rate mortgage loans is less than
One-Month LIBOR plus the margin, the interest rate on the Class A-II
Certificates will be reduced to such weighted average rate. Thus, the yield
to investors in the Class A-II Certificates will be sensitive to
fluctuations in the level of One-Month LIBOR and may be adversely affected
by the application of the net weighted average rate on the adjustable rate
mortgage loans. The prepayment of the adjustable rate mortgage loans with
higher net mortgage rates may result in a lower net weighted average rate.
If on any distribution date the application of the net weighted average rate
results in an interest payment lower than One-Month LIBOR plus the margin on
the Class A-II Certificates during the related interest accrual period, the
value of the Class A-II Certificates may be temporarily or permanently
reduced.
Investors in the Class A-II Certificates should be aware that the mortgage
rate on the adjustable rate mortgage loans is adjustable generally
semi-annually or annually based on the related index. Consequently, the
interest that becomes due on the mortgage loans during the related due
period may be less than interest that would accrue on the Class A-II
Certificates at the rate of One-Month LIBOR plus the margin. In a rising
interest rate environment, the Class A-II Certificates may receive interest
at the net weighted average rate for a protracted period of time. In
addition, in such a situation, there would be little or no excess cash flow
to cover losses and to create additional overcollateralization.
To the extent the net weighted average rate is paid on the Class A-II
Certificates, the difference between the rate of One-Month LIBOR plus the
margin (but in no event greater than the weighted average of the maximum net
mortgage rates on the adjustable rate mortgage loans) and the net weighted
average rate will create a shortfall that will carry forward with interest
thereon. However, such shortfall will not be payable by the policy and will
only be payable from excess cash flow available for this purpose. Such
shortfalls may remain unpaid on the final distribution date.
</TABLE>
S-14
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<PAGE>
INTRODUCTION
The Company will establish a Trust (the 'TRUST') with respect to Series
1999-RS1 on March 30, 1999 (the 'CLOSING DATE'), pursuant to a pooling and
servicing agreement (the 'POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT') among Residential
Asset Securities Corporation (the 'COMPANY'), Residential Funding Corporation
('RESIDENTIAL FUNDING' or the 'MASTER SERVICER') and The First National Bank of
Chicago, a national banking association (the 'TRUSTEE'), dated as of March 1,
1999 (the 'CUT-OFF DATE'). On the Closing Date, the Company will deposit into
the Trust a pool of mortgage loans (the 'MORTGAGE POOL') secured by one- to
four-family residential properties with terms to maturity of not more than 40
years.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MORTGAGE POOL
GENERAL
The Mortgage Pool will consist of Mortgage Loans with an aggregate
principal balance outstanding as of the Cut-off Date (after deducting payments
of principal due in the month of March) of $181,377,797. The Mortgage Loans are
secured by first liens on fee simple interests in one- to four-family
residential real properties. The Mortgage Pool will consist of two groups of
Mortgage Loans ('LOAN GROUP I' and 'LOAN GROUP II,' and each, a 'LOAN GROUP'),
designated as the 'GROUP I LOANS' and 'GROUP II LOANS.' The Group I Loans will
consist of fixed-rate Mortgage Loans with original terms to stated maturity of
not more than 30 years (except for 0.9% of the Group I Loans, for which the
original term to stated maturity is not more than 40 years). The Group II Loans
will consist of adjustable rate Mortgage Loans with original terms to stated
maturity of not more than 30 years (except for 0.9% of the Group II Loans, for
which the original term to stated maturity is not more than 40 years).
With respect to Mortgage Loans that have been modified, references herein
to the date of origination shall be deemed to be the date of the most recent
modification. All percentages of the Mortgage Loans described herein are
approximate percentages (except as otherwise indicated) by aggregate principal
balance as of the Cut-off Date (after deducting payments of principal due in the
month of March).
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
The Company and Residential Funding will make certain limited
representations and warranties regarding the Mortgage Loans as of the date of
issuance of the Certificates. The Company and Residential Funding will be
required to repurchase or substitute for any Mortgage Loan as to which a breach
of its representations and warranties with respect to such Mortgage Loan occurs
if such breach materially and adversely affects the interests of the
Certificateholders in any such Mortgage Loan. The Company, as assignee of
Residential Funding, will also assign to the Trustee for the benefit of the
Certificateholders certain of its rights, title and interest in any agreement
relating to the transfer and assignment of the Mortgage Loans to the Company by
Residential Funding. However, neither the Company nor Residential Funding will
be required to repurchase or substitute for any Mortgage Loan in the event of a
breach of its representations and warranties with respect to such Mortgage Loan
if the substance of any such breach also constitutes fraud in the origination of
such affected Mortgage Loan. In no event will any of the foregoing
representations and warranties include any representation or warranty that the
Mortgage Loan was originated in accordance with any specific set of underwriting
guidelines.
The representations and warranties made with respect to each Mortgage Loan
will vary based on the category of underwriting guidelines as described under
'Underwriting Standards.' In particular, Mortgage Loans originated under the
Phoenix Program (as defined herein) and certain of the Mortgage Loans acquired
in Portfolio Transactions (as described herein), will have limited
representations and warranties with respect to their origination. The
representations and warranties of Residential Funding: (i) will not include any
representation as to title insurance with respect to the Portfolio Transaction
loans or the Phoenix Program loans; (ii) as to Primary Insurance Policies will
be subject to the exceptions described herein; (iii) as to the condition of the
Mortgaged Property will be made to the best of Residential Funding's knowledge,
and will not include any representation as to the Phoenix Program loans; and
(iv) as to delinquent taxes or assessment liens will be made to the best of
Residential Funding's knowledge.
S-15
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<PAGE>
MISSING LOAN NOTES
The Mortgage Loan files for approximately 1.6% and 1.4% of the Group I
Loans and Group II Loans, respectively, are missing the original executed
Mortgage Notes as a result of being lost, misfiled, misplaced or destroyed due
to a clerical error. With respect to all such mortgage loans, the Company will
deliver a lost note affidavit to the Trustee together with a copy of such
Mortgage Note. In the event of foreclosure on one of these Mortgage Loans, to
the extent such missing documents materially adversely affect the Master
Servicer's ability to foreclose on the related Mortgage Loan, Residential
Funding will be obligated to purchase such Mortgage Loan from the Trust Fund.
See 'Risk Factors -- Risk of Loss' herein.
LOANS WITH UNPAID AMOUNTS AT MATURITY
As to 0.4% of the Group I Loans, during a temporary period the Monthly
Payments received thereon were applied in a manner that reduced the rate of
principal amortization. As a result, each such Mortgage Loan may have an unpaid
principal amount on its scheduled maturity date (assuming no prepayments). It is
not clear whether the related Mortgagor will be legally obligated to pay such
unpaid principal amount.
BALLOON MORTGAGE LOANS
Approximately 6.1% of the Group I Loans require monthly payments of
principal generally based on a 30-year amortization schedule and generally have
scheduled maturity dates of seven or fifteen years from the due date of the
first monthly payment (each such Mortgage Loan, a 'BALLOON MORTGAGE LOAN'), in
each case leaving a substantial portion of the original principal amount due and
payable on the respective scheduled maturity date (a 'BALLOON PAYMENT'). The
existence of a Balloon Payment generally will require the related Mortgagor to
refinance such Mortgage Loan or to sell the Mortgaged Property on or prior to
the scheduled maturity date. The ability of a Mortgagor to accomplish either of
these goals will be affected by a number of factors, including the level of
available mortgage rates at the time of sale or refinancing, the Mortgagor's
equity in the related Mortgaged Property, the financial condition of the
Mortgagor, tax laws and prevailing general economic conditions. None of the
Company, the Master Servicer or the Trustee is obligated to refinance any
Balloon Mortgage Loan.
PAYMENTS ON THE SIMPLE INTEREST MORTGAGE LOANS
0.2% of the Group I Loans provide for 'simple interest' payments (the
'SIMPLE INTEREST MORTGAGE LOANS') which require that each monthly payment
consist of an installment of interest which is calculated according to the
simple interest method. This method calculates interest using the basis of the
outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loan multiplied by the Mortgage
Rate and further multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number
of days in the period elapsed since the preceding payment of interest was made
and the denominator of which is the number of days in the annual period for
which interest accrues on such Mortgage Loan. As payments are received on such
Mortgage Loans, the amount received is applied first to interest accrued to the
date of payment and the balance is applied to reduce the unpaid principal
balance. Accordingly, if a Mortgagor pays a fixed monthly installment before its
scheduled due date, the portion of the payment allocable to interest for the
period since the preceding payment was made will be less than it would have been
had the payment been made as scheduled, and the portion of the payment applied
to reduce the unpaid principal balance will be correspondingly greater. However,
the next succeeding payment will result in a greater portion of such payment
allocated to interest if such payment is made on its scheduled due date.
Conversely, if a Mortgagor pays a fixed monthly installment after its
scheduled due date, the portion of the payment allocable to interest for the
period since the preceding payment was made will be greater than it would have
been had the payment been made as scheduled, and the remaining portion, if any,
of the payment applied to reduce the unpaid principal balance will be
correspondingly less. If each scheduled payment is made on or prior to its
scheduled due date, the principal balance of the Mortgage Loan will amortize in
the manner described in the preceding paragraph. However, if the Mortgagor
consistently makes scheduled payments after the scheduled due date the Mortgage
Loan will amortize more slowly than scheduled. Any remaining unpaid principal is
payable on the final maturity date of the Mortgage Loan.
S-16
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<PAGE>
MORTGAGE RATE ADJUSTMENT OF THE GROUP II LOANS
As of the Cut-off Date, 82.2% of the Group II Loans will have reached their
first Adjustment Date. The Group II Loans will have various Adjustment Dates,
Note Margins (as defined below) and limitations on the Mortgage Rate
adjustments, as described below.
The Mortgage Rate on a Group II Loan may not exceed the maximum rate set
forth in the related Mortgage Note (the 'MAXIMUM MORTGAGE RATE') or be less than
the minimum rate set forth in the related Mortgage Note (the 'MINIMUM MORTGAGE
RATE'). The Mortgage Rate on each Group II Loan will adjust on the date set
forth in the related Mortgage Note (such date, the 'ADJUSTMENT DATE') to equal
the sum of the margin set forth in the related Mortgage Note (the 'NOTE MARGIN')
and the related Index. The Minimum Mortgage Rates on the Group II Loans will
range from 0.375% to 15.850%, with a weighted average Minimum Mortgage Rate as
of the Cut-off Date of approximately 4.3759%. The Maximum Mortgage Rates on the
Group II Loans will range from 9.875% to 21.850%, with a weighted average
Maximum Mortgage Rate as of the Cut-off Date of approximately 14.1258%.
With respect to 59.4% of the Group II Loans, the related index (the
'INDEX') will be a per annum rate equal to the weekly average yield on U.S.
Treasury securities adjusted to a constant maturity of one year as reported by
the Federal Reserve Board in statistical Release No. H.15(519) (the 'RELEASE')
as most recently available as of the date forty-five days, thirty-five days or
thirty days prior to the Adjustment Date or on the Adjustment Date ('ONE-YEAR
U.S. TREASURY'). Such average yields reflect the yields for the week prior to
that week. With respect to 16.3% of the Group II Loans, the Index will be a per
annum rate equal to the average of interbank offered rates for six-month U.S.
dollar-denominated deposits in the London market based on quotations of major
banks ('SIX-MONTH LIBOR') as published in The Wall Street Journal and as most
recently available (i) as of the first business day of the month immediately
preceding the month in which the Adjustment Date occurs or (ii) as of the date
forty-five days, thirty days, twenty-five days or fifteen days prior to the
Adjustment Date (each such date as of which Six-Month LIBOR is determined, a
'REFERENCE DATE'). With respect to 23.2% of the Group II Loans, the Index will
be one of the following: Three-Year or Five-Year Treasury, the Eleventh District
Cost of Funds Index or the prime rate. With respect to 1.1% of the Group II
Loans, the Index will be another index not listed above. In the event that the
related Index specified in a Mortgage Note is no longer available, an index
reasonably acceptable to the Trustee that is based on comparable information
will be selected by the Master Servicer.
ONE-YEAR U.S. TREASURY. One-Year U.S. Treasury is currently calculated
based on information reported in the Release. Listed below are the weekly
average yields on actively traded U.S. Treasury securities adjusted to a
constant maturity of one year as reported in the Release on the date that would
have been applicable to mortgage loans whose index was most recently available
as of the date forty-five days prior to the adjustment date and having the
following adjustment dates for the indicated years. Such average yields may
fluctuate significantly from week to week as well as over longer periods and may
not increase or decrease in a constant pattern from period to period. The
following does not purport to be representative of future average yields. No
assurance can be given as to the average yields on such U.S. Treasury securities
on any Adjustment Date or during the life of any Group II Loan with an Index of
One-Year U.S. Treasury.
S-17
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<PAGE>
ONE-YEAR U.S. TREASURY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ADJUSTMENT DATE 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
- ---------------------------------------------------------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
January 1................................................. 6.42% 5.45% 5.44% 5.44% 4.52%
February 1................................................ 7.10 5.35 5.46 5.53 4.49
March 1................................................... 7.24 5.17 5.61 5.25 4.55
April 1................................................... 6.79 4.85 5.53 5.28 4.67
May 1..................................................... 6.54 5.15 5.72 5.37
June 1.................................................... 6.28 5.62 5.99 5.39
July 1.................................................... 6.00 5.67 5.90 5.46
August 1.................................................. 5.69 5.86 5.72 5.42
September 1............................................... 5.47 5.90 5.54 5.36
October 1................................................. 5.71 5.60 5.55 5.23
November 1................................................ 5.63 5.88 5.59 4.76
December 1................................................ 5.60 5.57 5.45 4.18
</TABLE>
SIX-MONTH LIBOR. Listed below are levels of Six-Month LIBOR as published by
The Wall Street Journal that are or would have been applicable to mortgage loans
with a Reference Date of the first business day of the preceding month, and
having the following adjustment dates for the indicated years. Such average
yields may fluctuate significantly from month to month as well as over longer
periods and may not increase or decrease in a constant pattern from period to
period. There can be no assurance that levels of Six-Month LIBOR published by
Fannie Mae, or published in The Wall Street Journal on a different Reference
Date would have been at the same levels as those set forth below. The following
does not purport to be representative of future levels of Six-Month LIBOR (as
published by Fannie Mae or The Wall Street Journal). No assurance can be given
as to the level of Six-Month LIBOR on any Adjustment Date or during the life of
any Group II Loan based on Six-Month LIBOR.
SIX-MONTH LIBOR
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ADJUSTMENT DATE 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
- --------------------------------------------------- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
January 1.......................................... 6.562% 5.718% 5.562% 5.914% 5.148%
February 1......................................... 7.000 5.531 5.625 5.843 5.066
March 1............................................ 6.687 5.281 5.687 5.625 4.971
April 1............................................ 6.437 5.312 5.718 5.695 5.127
May 1.............................................. 6.500 5.531 5.968 5.750
June 1............................................. 6.375 5.562 6.000 5.812
July 1............................................. 6.000 5.656 6.000 5.750
August 1........................................... 6.000 5.812 5.937 5.781
September 1........................................ 5.875 5.906 5.812 5.750
October 1.......................................... 5.906 5.843 5.843 5.593
November 1......................................... 5.968 5.750 5.843 5.246
December 1......................................... 5.875 5.562 5.812 4.978
</TABLE>
The initial Mortgage Rate in effect on a Mortgage Loan generally will be
lower, and may be significantly lower, than the Mortgage Rate that would have
been in effect based on the related Index and Note Margin. Therefore, unless the
related Index declines after origination of a Mortgage Loan, the related
Mortgage Rate will generally increase on the first Adjustment Date following
origination of such Mortgage Loan subject to the Periodic Rate Cap. The
repayment of the Mortgage Loans will be dependent on the ability of the
Mortgagors to make larger monthly payments following adjustments of the Mortgage
Rate. Mortgage Loans that have the same initial Mortgage Rate may not always
bear interest at the same Mortgage Rate because such Mortgage Loans may have
different Adjustment Dates (and the Mortgage Rates therefore may reflect
different related Index values), Note Margins, Maximum Mortgage Rates and
Minimum Mortgage Rates. The Net Mortgage Rate with respect to each Mortgage Loan
as of the Cut-off Date will be set forth in the related Mortgage Loan Schedule
attached to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. See 'Description of the
Mortgage Pool -- Mortgage Pool Characteristics -- Mortgage Loans' herein.
S-18
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<PAGE>
NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION LOANS
Approximately 2.3% of the Group II Loans ('NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION LOANS')
have a negative amortization feature whereby interest payments on such Mortgage
Loans may be deferred and may be added to the Stated Principal Balance thereof.
The amount of the monthly payment on each Negative Amortization Loan generally
adjusts annually on each 'PAYMENT ADJUSTMENT DATE' to an amount which would
fully amortize the outstanding principal balance of the Negative Amortization
Loan over its remaining term, and pay interest at the Mortgage Rate as adjusted
on the immediately preceding Rate Adjustment Date, provided, however, that in
the case of certain of the Mortgage Loans, increases or decreases in the Monthly
Payment are limited to an amount specified in the related Mortgage Note above or
below the Monthly Payment in effect prior to the related Rate Adjustment Date (a
'PAYMENT CAP'), to the extent that the related Mortgagor has elected to have the
Monthly Payment limited by the Payment Cap. For those Mortgage Loans that have a
Payment Cap, the amount of the Payment Cap generally is 7.5%. With respect to
certain negatively amortizing Mortgage Loans, Monthly Payments are generally
recast in order to fully amortize the unpaid principal balance within its stated
remaining amortization term (such date, a 'RECAST DATE'), on the fifth
anniversary of the first Due Date and each fifth anniversary thereafter without
regard to the applicable Payment Cap.
Because with respect to certain of the Negative Amortization Loans, the
rate at which interest accrues changes more frequently than payment adjustments
and because such adjustment of monthly payments on such Mortgage Loans may be
subject to the various limitations described above, the amount of interest
accruing on the remaining principal balance of such a Mortgage Loan at the
applicable Mortgage Rate may exceed the amount of the Monthly Payment. The
resulting excess is added to the unpaid principal balance of the related
Mortgage Loan in the month during which any such event occurs as deferred
interest, resulting in negative amortization of the Mortgage Loan. With respect
to certain (but not all) of the Negative Amortization Loans such negative
amortization is limited, however, such that the principal balance of the
Mortgage Loans cannot exceed a percentage as is specified in the applicable Note
of its original principal balance (such limitation, a 'NEGATIVE AMORTIZATION
CAP'). If the calculated Monthly Payment would result in a negative amortization
exceeding the limit specified in the related Mortgage Note, the Mortgagor is
required to pay as the Monthly Payment until the earliest of (i) the next Rate
Adjustment Date, (ii) if applicable, the date on which a monthly payment is
recast to fully amortize the unpaid principal balance over the stated term of
maturity (which is typically every five years) or (iii) the next Due Date on
which the limit specified in the related Note is exceeded, an amount that would
fully amortize the remaining principal balance of the Mortgage Loan over its
remaining amortization term on a level-debt service basis without regard to any
limitations. As a result of such negative amortization, the final payment at the
end of the term of the related Mortgage Loan may be larger than previous
scheduled payments under such Mortgage Loan. Approximately 23.9% of the
negatively amortizing Mortgage Loans have a Negative Amortization Cap of 110%,
49.9% have a Negative Amortization Cap of 115%, 5.5% have a Negative
Amortization Cap of 125% and 20.7% have a Negative Amortization Cap of 150%.
The Mortgage Notes for the Negative Amortization Loans provide that at
least 30 days prior to any Payment Adjustment Date the related Mortgagor must be
notified of (i) the monthly payment that would be sufficient to fully amortize
the then outstanding principal balance of the related Negative Amortization Loan
over its remaining term (the 'FULL PAYMENT') and (ii) the monthly payment that
would be equal to the above amount subject to the Payment Cap (the 'LIMITED
PAYMENT'). Upon timely notice, a Mortgagor may elect to pay the Limited Payment,
subject only to the related Negative Amortization Cap and the applicable
provisions on the related Recast Date.
On any Rate Adjustment Date an increase in the Mortgage Rate on a Negative
Amortization Loan will result in a larger portion of each subsequent monthly
payment being allocated to interest and a smaller portion being allocated to
principal, and conversely, a decrease in the Mortgage Rate on a Negative
Amortization Loan will result in a larger portion of each subsequent monthly
payment being allocated to principal and a smaller portion being allocated to
interest. However, because Mortgage Rates on the Negative Amortization Loans
generally adjust on a monthly basis but monthly payments due on the Negative
Amortization Loans generally adjust annually, and because the application of
Payment Caps may limit the amount by which the monthly payments may adjust, the
amount of a monthly payment may be more or less than the amount necessary to
fully amortize the principal balance of the Negative Amortization Loan over its
then remaining term at the applicable Mortgage Rate. Accordingly, Negative
Amortization Loans may be subject to reduced amortization (if the monthly
payment due on a Due Date is sufficient to pay interest accrued during the
related accrual period at the
S-19
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
applicable Mortgage Rate but is not sufficient to reduce principal in accordance
with a fully amortizing schedule); negative amortization (if interest accrued
during the related accrual period at the applicable Mortgage Rate is greater
than the entire monthly payment due on the related Due Date (such excess accrued
interest, 'DEFERRED INTEREST')); or accelerated amortization (if the monthly
payment due on a Due Date is greater than the amount necessary to pay interest
accrued during the related accrual period at the applicable Mortgage Rate and to
reduce principal in accordance with a fully amortizing schedule). In addition,
subsequent to the final Recast Date and the final Payment Adjustment Date, the
addition of any Deferred Interest to the principal balance of any Negative
Amortization Loan that is not offset by subsequent accelerated amortization will
result in a final lump sum payment at maturity greater than, and potentially
substantially greater than, the monthly payment due on the immediately preceding
Due Date.
The maximum increase in the principal balance of a Negative Amortization
Loan due to the addition of Deferred Interest to the principal balance of such
Negative Amortization Loan and the resulting Loan-to-Value Ratio on such
Negative Amortization Loan will depend on the relationships between the Payment
Cap, the Maximum Mortgage Rate, the Negative Amortization Cap and the related
Index. For example, if the outstanding principal balance of a Negative
Amortization Loan having a Loan-to-Value Ratio of 90% was to increase to an
amount equal to the Negative Amortization Cap of 125%, the Loan-to-Value Ratio
(as based on the then outstanding principal balance) thereof would in no event
exceed approximately 113%.
CONVERTIBLE LOANS
Approximately 4.4% of the Group II Loans ('CONVERTIBLE MORTGAGE LOANS')
provide that, at the option of the related Mortgagors, the adjustable interest
rate on such Mortgage Loans may be converted to a fixed interest rate. Upon
conversion, the Mortgage Rate will be converted to a fixed interest rate
determined in accordance with the formula set forth in the related Mortgage Note
which formula is intended to result in a Mortgage Rate which is not less than
the then current market interest rate (subject to applicable usury laws). After
such conversion, the monthly payments of principal and interest will be adjusted
to provide for full amortization over the remaining term to scheduled maturity.
Any converting Mortgage Loan (such Mortgage Loan, following its conversion,
a 'CONVERTED MORTGAGE LOAN') will remain in Loan Group II as a fixed-rate
Mortgage Loan and as a result the Pass-Through Rate on the Class A-II
Certificates may be reduced. See 'Certain Yield and Prepayment Considerations'
herein.
MORTGAGE POOL CHARACTERISTICS -- GROUP I LOANS
The Group I Loans will have the following characteristics as of the Cut-off
Date (after deducting payments of principal due in the month of March):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AGGREGATE FOR
ALL
GROUP I LOANS
----------------
<S> <C>
Number of Group I Loans........................................................... 1,046
Weighted Average of Net Mortgage Rates............................................ 7.9726%
Range of Net Mortgage Rates....................................................... 1.5500%-15.8000%
Mortgage Rates:
Weighted Average............................................................. 8.4646%
Range........................................................................ 2.0000%-16.2500%
</TABLE>
The Group I Loans consist of 1,046 Mortgage Loans with an aggregate
principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of approximately $109,428,743 (the
'GROUP I CUT-OFF DATE BALANCE'). The Group I Loans had individual principal
balances at origination of at least $11,400 but not more than $1,100,000, with
an average principal balance at origination of approximately $110,613. The
Group I Loans have a weighted average remaining term to stated maturity of
approximately 293 months as of the Cut-off Date. Approximately 27.7% of the
Group I Loans were purchased from First Chicago NBD Mortgage Company, an
Unaffiliated Seller. Except as described in the preceding sentence, no
Unaffiliated Seller sold more than 8.2% of the Group I Loans to Residential
Funding. Approximately 9.6% of the Group I Loans were purchased from HomeComings
Financial Network, Inc. or GMAC Mortgage Corporation, both of which are
Affiliated Sellers.
S-20
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
None of the Group I Loans will have been originated prior to September 14,
1972, or will have a maturity date later than September 1, 2029. No Group I Loan
will have a remaining term to stated maturity as of the Cut-off Date of less
than 16 months. The weighted average term to stated maturity of the Group I
Loans as of the Cut-off Date will be approximately 293 months. The weighted
average original term to maturity of the Group I Loans as of the Cut-off Date
will be approximately 325 months.
As of the Cut-off Date, 2.1% of the Group I Loans are 30 to 59 days
delinquent in payment of principal and interest, and 0.8% of the Group I Loans
are 60 to 89 days delinquent in payment of principal and interest. For a
description of the methodology used to categorize mortgage loans as delinquent,
see 'Pooling and Servicing Agreement -- The Master Servicer' herein. In
addition, a significant portion of the Group I Loans have had delinquency
problems in the past.
1.2% of the Group I Loans are Buydown Loans.
0.6% of the Group I Loans will be High Cost Loans.
2.4% of the Group I Loans are FHA Loans and VA Loans.
With respect to approximately 0.2% of the Group I Loans, the related
Mortgagor is currently in bankruptcy proceedings.
The Group I Loans generally contain due-on-sale clauses. See 'Maturity and
Prepayment Considerations' in the Prospectus.
Set forth below is a description of certain additional characteristics of
the Group I Loans as of the Cut-off Date (except as otherwise indicated). All
percentages of the Group I Loans are approximate percentages by aggregate
principal balance of the Group I Loans as of the Cut-off Date (except as
otherwise indicated). Unless otherwise specified, all principal balances of the
Group I Loans are as of the Cut-off Date (after deducting payments of principal
due in the month of March) and are rounded to the nearest dollar.
ORIGINAL PRINCIPAL BALANCES OF THE GROUP I LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
ORIGINAL MORTGAGE LOAN BALANCE GROUP I LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP I LOANS
- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- ----------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
$ 0 - 100,000........................................... 725 $ 35,890,935 32.80%
100,001 - 200,000........................................... 152 20,056,191 18.33
200,001 - 300,000........................................... 96 22,332,717 20.41
300,001 - 400,000........................................... 39 13,376,546 12.22
400,001 - 500,000........................................... 23 9,745,778 8.91
500,001 - 600,000........................................... 4 2,163,932 1.98
600,001 - 700,000........................................... 2 1,140,230 1.04
700,001 - 800,000........................................... 1 796,763 0.73
800,001 - 900,000........................................... 1 841,367 0.77
900,001 -1,000,000........................................... 1 996,052 0.91
1,000,001 -1,100,000........................................... 2 2,088,232 1.91
------ ------------- -------------
Total..................................................... 1,046 $ 109,428,743 100.00%
------ ------------- -------------
------ ------------- -------------
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the average unpaid principal balance of the Group I
Loans will be approximately $104,616.
S-21
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
NET MORTGAGE RATES OF GROUP I LOANS AS OF THE CUT-OFF DATE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
MORTGAGE RATES (%) GROUP I LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP I LOANS
- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- ----------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1.500 - 1.999................................................ 1 $ 51,269 0.04%
2.000 - 2.499................................................ 1 369,355 0.34
3.500 - 3.999................................................ 1 65,946 0.06
4.500 - 4.999................................................ 1 145,707 0.13
5.000 - 5.499................................................ 3 420,874 0.38
5.500 - 5.999................................................ 8 375,074 0.34
6.000 - 6.499................................................ 48 7,134,273 6.52
6.500 - 6.999................................................ 111 23,276,180 21.27
7.000 - 7.499................................................ 155 19,568,440 17.88
7.500 - 7.999................................................ 157 12,328,251 11.27
8.000 - 8.499................................................ 149 13,153,758 12.02
8.500 - 8.999................................................ 112 8,590,415 7.85
9.000 - 9.499................................................ 85 8,186,079 7.48
9.500 - 9.999................................................ 50 3,597,709 3.29
10.000 - 10.499................................................ 42 3,137,879 2.87
10.500 - 10.999................................................ 39 3,917,324 3.58
11.000 - 11.499................................................ 24 1,546,301 1.41
11.500 - 11.999................................................ 23 1,757,011 1.61
12.000 - 12.499................................................ 16 759,079 0.69
12.500 - 12.999................................................ 2 62,246 0.06
13.000 - 13.499................................................ 8 407,971 0.37
13.500 - 13.999................................................ 2 57,555 0.05
14.000 - 14.499................................................ 3 247,765 0.23
14.500 - 14.999................................................ 4 177,623 0.16
15.500 - 15.999................................................ 1 94,660 0.09
------ --------------- ------------
Total..................................................... 1,046 $ 109,428,743 100.00%
----- --------------- -------------
------ --------------- -------------
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average Net Mortgage Rate of the Group
I Loans will be approximately 7.9726% per annum.
S-22
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
MORTGAGE RATES OF THE GROUP I LOANS AS OF THE CUT-OFF DATE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
MORTGAGE RATES (%) GROUP I LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP I LOANS
- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- ----------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
2.000 - 2.499................................................ 1 $ 51,269 0.04%
2.500 - 2.999................................................ 1 369,355 0.34
4.000 - 4.499................................................ 1 65,946 0.06
5.000 - 5.499................................................ 1 145,707 0.13
5.500 - 5.999................................................ 3 420,874 0.38
6.000 - 6.499................................................ 8 375,074 0.34
6.500 - 6.999................................................ 45 6,810,357 6.22
7.000 - 7.499................................................ 112 23,415,013 21.40
7.500 - 7.999................................................ 157 19,886,002 18.17
8.000 - 8.499................................................ 147 11,000,593 10.05
8.500 - 8.999................................................ 154 13,651,703 12.48
9.000 - 9.499................................................ 108 8,483,091 7.75
9.500 - 9.999................................................ 84 8,311,055 7.59
10.000 - 10.499................................................ 44 3,224,269 2.95
10.500 - 10.999................................................ 53 4,149,287 3.79
11.000 - 11.499................................................ 27 2,731,824 2.50
11.500 - 11.999................................................ 38 2,689,824 2.46
12.000 - 12.499................................................ 20 1,304,479 1.19
12.500 - 12.999................................................ 17 1,093,389 1.00
13.000 - 13.499................................................ 5 200,237 0.18
13.500 - 13.999................................................ 6 169,556 0.15
14.000 - 14.499................................................ 4 232,177 0.21
14.500 - 14.999................................................ 6 460,011 0.42
15.000 - 15.499................................................ 1 27,261 0.02
15.500 - 15.999................................................ 2 65,731 0.06
16.000 - 16.499................................................ 1 94,660 0.09
------ ------------- -------------
Total..................................................... 1,046 $ 109,428,743 100.00%
------ ------------ -------------
------ ------------ -------------
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average Mortgage Rate of the Group I
Loans will be approximately 8.4646% per annum.
ORIGINAL LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIOS OF THE GROUP I LOANS(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
ORIGINAL LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIO (%) GROUP I LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP I LOANS
- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- ----------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
0.01 - 50.00.................................................. 45 $ 3,473,056 3.17%
50.01 - 55.00.................................................. 9 1,278,531 1.17
55.01 - 60.00.................................................. 15 926,129 0.85
60.01 - 65.00.................................................. 34 5,862,233 5.36
65.01 - 70.00.................................................. 49 8,264,688 7.55
70.01 - 75.00.................................................. 85 14,938,544 13.65
75.01 - 80.00.................................................. 142 18,968,780 17.33
80.01 - 85.00.................................................. 77 8,833,880 8.07
85.01 - 90.00.................................................. 145 19,570,531 17.88
90.01 - 95.00.................................................. 129 10,500,736 9.60
95.01 - 100.00................................................. 231 12,541,815 11.46
LTV greater than 100.00........................................ 85 4,269,820 3.90
------ ------------- -------------
Total..................................................... 1,046 $ 109,428,743 100.00%
------ ------------- -------------
------ ------------- -------------
</TABLE>
(footnote on next page)
S-23
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(footnote from previous page)
(1) With respect to each Group I Loan,the 'LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIO' is the original
principal balance of the Group I Loan divided by the Appraised Value, except
as described in ' -- Underwriting Standards' herein.
The weighted average Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination of the Group I
Loans will be approximately 82.09%.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MORTGAGED PROPERTIES OF THE GROUP I LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
STATE GROUP I LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP I LOANS
- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- ----------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
California..................................................... 93 $ 23,292,306 21.29%
Ohio........................................................... 251 13,183,750 12.05
Texas.......................................................... 91 7,753,328 7.09
Florida........................................................ 50 6,035,527 5.52
New Jersey..................................................... 32 5,191,939 4.74
Arizona........................................................ 38 4,271,992 3.90
Oklahoma....................................................... 48 4,019,248 3.67
Michigan....................................................... 50 4,014,490 3.67
Other(1)....................................................... 393 41,666,162 38.08
------ ------------- -------------
Total..................................................... 1,046 $ 109,428,743 100.00%
------ ------------- -------------
------ ------------- -------------
</TABLE>
- ------------
(2) Other includes states and the District of Columbia with under 3%
concentrations individually.
No more than 1.0% of the Group I Loans will be secured by Mortgaged
Properties located in any one zip code area in California and no more than 1.0%
of the Group I Loans will be secured Mortgaged Properties located in any one zip
code area outside California.
MORTGAGE LOAN PURPOSE OF THE GROUP I LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
LOAN PURPOSE GROUP I LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP I LOANS
- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- ----------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Purchase....................................................... 686 $ 59,783,329 54.63%
Rate/Term Refinance............................................ 199 28,077,914 25.66
Equity Refinance............................................... 161 21,567,499 19.71
------ ------------- -------------
Total..................................................... 1,046 $ 109,428,743 100.00%
------ ------------- -------------
------ ------------- -------------
</TABLE>
The weighted average Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination of rate and term
refinance Group I Loans will be 75.69%. The weighted average Loan-to-Value Ratio
at origination of equity refinance Group I Loans will be 74.96%.
OCCUPANCY TYPES OF THE GROUP I LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
OCCUPANCY GROUP I LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP I LOANS
- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- ----------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Primary Residence.............................................. 986 $ 103,705,147 94.77%
Second/Vacation................................................ 10 2,007,027 1.83
Non Owner-occupied............................................. 50 3,716,569 3.40
------ ------------- -------------
Total..................................................... 1,046 $ 109,428,743 100.00%
------ ------------- -------------
------ ------------- -------------
</TABLE>
S-24
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
MORTGAGED PROPERTY TYPES OF THE GROUP I LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
PROPERTY TYPE GROUP I LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP I LOANS
- --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- ----------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Single-family detached......................................... 884 $ 85,891,304 78.49%
Planned Unit Developments (detached)........................... 51 12,621,592 11.53
Planned Unit Development (detached 2-4 family units)........... 1 109,235 0.10
Two- to four-family units...................................... 31 2,881,887 2.63
Condo Low-Rise (less than 5 stories)........................... 17 2,249,077 2.06
Condo Mid-Rise (5 to 8 stories)................................ 3 165,878 0.15
Condo High-Rise (9 stories or more)............................ 34 2,201,578 2.01
Manufactured Home.............................................. 7 422,759 0.39
Townhouse...................................................... 5 689,760 0.63
Townhouse (2 to 4 family units)................................ 1 129,109 0.12
Planned Unit Developments (attached)........................... 12 2,066,564 1.89
--- ----------- -------
Total..................................................... 1,046 $ 109,428,743 100.00%
----- -------------- -------
----- -------------- -------
</TABLE>
MORTGAGE POOL CHARACTERISTICS -- GROUP II LOANS
The Group II Loans will have the following characteristics as of the
Cut-off Date (after deducting payments of principal due in the month of March):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AGGREGATE FOR ALL
GROUP II LOANS
------------------
<S> <C>
Number of Mortgage Loans........................................................ 476
Weighted Average of Net Mortgage Rates.......................................... 7.6759%
Range of Net Mortgage Rates..................................................... 3.9250%-15.0875%
Mortgage Rates:
Weighted Average........................................................... 8.3045%
Range...................................................................... 4.5000%-15.8500%
Note Margins:
Weighted Average........................................................... 3.2091%
Range...................................................................... (0.2500)%-11.3500%
Minimum Mortgage Rates(1):
Weighted Average........................................................... 4.3759%
Range...................................................................... 0.3750%-15.8500%
Minimum Net Mortgage Rates(1):
Weighted Average........................................................... 3.7804%
Range...................................................................... 0.1750%-15.0875%
Maximum Mortgage Rates(2):
Weighted Average........................................................... 14.1258%
Range...................................................................... 9.8750%-21.8500%
Maximum Net Mortgage Rates(2):
Weighted Average........................................................... 13.4970%
Range...................................................................... 8.7900%-21.0875%
Weighted Average Months to next Adjustment Date after March 1, 1999............. 9
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Only includes Group II Loans that have Minimum Mortgage Rates.
(2) Only includes Group II Loans that have Maximum Mortgage Rates.
The 'MAXIMUM NET MORTGAGE RATE' on each Mortgage Loan is equal to the
Maximum Mortgage Rate thereon minus the sum of (i) the rate per annum at which
the related master servicing and subservicing fees accrue (the 'SERVICING FEE
RATE') and (ii) the related Policy Premium Rate.
The Group II Loans consist of 476 Mortgage Loans with an aggregate
principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of approximately $71,949,054 (the
'GROUP II CUT-OFF DATE BALANCE).' The Group II Loans had individual principal
balances at origination of at least $14,776 but not more than $1,000,000, with
an average principal balance at origination of approximately $166,857. The
Group II Loans have a weighted average remaining term
S-25
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
to stated maturity of approximately 282 months as of the Cut-off Date.
Approximately 17.1% of the Group II Loans were purchased from Liberty Savings
Bank FSB, an Unaffiliated Seller. Except as described in the preceding sentence,
no Unaffiliated Seller sold more than 5.9% of the Group II Loans to Residential
Funding. Approximately 11.0% of the Group II Loans were purchased from
HomeComings Financial Network, Inc. or GMAC Mortgage Corporation, both of which
are Affiliated Sellers.
None of the Group II Loans will have been originated prior to October 19,
1983, or will have a maturity date later than January 1, 2029. No Group II Loan
will have a remaining term to stated maturity as of the Cut-off Date of less
than 12 months. The weighted average term to stated maturity of the Group II
Loans as of the Cut-off Date will be approximately 282 months. The weighted
average original term to maturity of the Group II Loans as of the Cut-off Date
will be approximately 356 months.
As of the Cut-off Date, 3.9% of the Group II Loans are 30 to 59 days
delinquent in payment of principal and interest, and 1.4% of the Group II Loans
are 60 to 89 days delinquent in payment of principal and interest. For a
description of the methodology used to categorize mortgage loans as delinquent,
see 'Pooling and Servicing Agreement -- The Master Servicer' herein. In
addition, a significant portion of the Group II Loans have had delinquency
problems in the past.
0.4% of the Group II Loans are Buydown Loans.
0.2% of the Group II Loans will be High Cost Loans.
0.1% of the Group II Loans are FHA Loans or VA Loans.
With respect to approximately 0.4% of the Group II Loans, the related
Mortgagor is currently in bankruptcy proceedings. All of such Group II Loans are
currently 30 or more days delinquent and may be subject to arrearages in the
future. Repayment of delinquencies occurring while the Mortgagor is in
bankruptcy proceedings may be discharged, reduced or deferred for an indefinite
period.
5.5% of the Group II Loans are interest-only loans for the first seven or
ten years, and then amortize on a twenty or twenty-three year schedule to
maturity.
The Group II Loans are generally assumable pursuant to the terms of the
related Mortgage Note. See 'Maturity and Prepayment Considerations' in the
Prospectus.
Set forth below is a description of certain additional characteristics of
the Group II Loans as of the Cut-off Date (except as otherwise indicated). All
percentages of the Group II Loans are approximate percentages by aggregate
principal balance of the Group II Loans as of the Cut-off Date (except as
otherwise indicated). Unless otherwise specified, all principal balances of the
Group II Loans are as of the Cut-off Date (after deducting payments of principal
due in the month of March) and are rounded to the nearest dollar.
ORIGINAL PRINCIPAL BALANCES OF THE GROUP II LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
ORIGINAL MORTGAGE LOAN BALANCE GROUP II LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP II LOANS
- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
$ 0 - 100,000........................................... 204 $10,304,881 14.32%
100,001 - 200,000........................................... 99 12,733,116 17.70
200,001 - 300,000........................................... 119 26,689,807 37.10
300,001 - 400,000........................................... 28 8,536,916 11.87
400,001 - 500,000........................................... 14 5,844,536 8.12
500,001 - 600,000........................................... 5 2,597,458 3.61
600,001 - 700,000........................................... 3 1,901,444 2.64
700,001 - 800,000........................................... 2 1,516,820 2.11
800,001 - 900,000........................................... 1 824,076 1.15
900,001 - 1,000,000.......................................... 1 1,000,000 1.39
--- ----------- -------
Total.................................................... 476 $71,949,054 100.00%
--- ----------- -------
--- ----------- -------
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the average unpaid principal balance of the Group
II Loans will be approximately $151,153.
S-26
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
NET MORTGAGE RATES OF THE GROUP II LOANS AS OF THE CUT-OFF DATE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
MORTGAGE RATES(%) GROUP II LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP II LOANS
- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
3.500 - 3.999................................................ 9 $ 403,752 0.56%
4.500 - 4.999................................................ 1 113,516 0.16
5.500 - 5.999................................................ 10 2,366,274 3.29
6.000 - 6.499................................................ 19 3,331,652 4.63
6.500 - 6.999................................................ 96 18,831,414 26.17
7.000 - 7.499................................................ 86 13,504,121 18.77
7.500 - 7.999................................................ 74 12,582,850 17.49
8.000 - 8.499................................................ 47 8,487,137 11.80
8.500 - 8.999................................................ 18 2,340,577 3.25
9.000 - 9.499................................................ 19 1,936,925 2.69
9.500 - 9.999................................................ 23 2,189,326 3.04
10.00 - 10.499................................................ 27 2,016,356 2.80
10.50 - 10.999................................................ 20 1,945,400 2.70
11.00 - 11.499................................................ 14 1,008,043 1.40
11.50 - 11.999................................................ 9 743,037 1.03
13.50 - 13.999................................................ 2 77,551 0.11
14.50 - 14.999................................................ 1 25,632 0.04
15.00 - 15.499................................................ 1 45,492 0.06
--- ----------- -------
Total.................................................... 476 $71,949,054 100.00%
--- ----------- -------
--- ----------- -------
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average Net Mortgage Rate of the Group
II Loans will be approximately 7.6759% per annum.
MORTGAGE RATES OF THE GROUP II LOANS AS OF THE CUT-OFF DATE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
MORTGAGE RATES(%) GROUP II LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP II LOANS
- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
4.500 - 4.999............................................... 9 $ 403,752 0.56%
5.000 - 5.499............................................... 1 113,516 0.16
6.000 - 6.499............................................... 4 1,415,622 1.97
6.500 - 6.999............................................... 12 1,929,684 2.68
7.000 - 7.499............................................... 80 15,171,428 21.09
7.500 - 7.999............................................... 73 11,815,060 16.42
8.000 - 8.499............................................... 103 19,004,486 26.41
8.500 - 8.999............................................... 48 7,825,005 10.88
9.000 - 9.499............................................... 22 3,661,871 5.09
9.500 - 9.999............................................... 18 2,042,982 2.84
10.000 - 10.499............................................... 16 1,509,206 2.10
10.500 - 10.999............................................... 29 2,374,356 3.30
11.000 - 11.499............................................... 20 1,503,047 2.09
11.500 - 11.999............................................... 14 1,406,784 1.96
12.000 - 12.499............................................... 14 972,717 1.35
12.500 - 12.999............................................... 5 405,813 0.56
13.000 - 13.499............................................... 4 245,052 0.34
14.500 - 14.999............................................... 2 77,551 0.11
15.000 - 15.499............................................... 1 25,632 0.04
15.500 - 15.999............................................... 1 45,492 0.06
--- ----------- -------
Total.................................................... 476 $71,949,054 100.00%
--- ----------- -------
--- ----------- -------
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average Mortgage Rate of the Group II
Loans will be approximately 8.3045% per annum.
S-27
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
ORIGINAL LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIOS OF THE GROUP II LOANS(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ORIGINAL NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIO(%) GROUP II LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP II LOANS
- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
0.01 - 50.00................................................ 12 $ 1,374,419 1.91%
50.01 - 55.00................................................ 7 1,832,366 2.55
55.01 - 60.00................................................ 19 2,647,348 3.68
60.01 - 65.00................................................ 27 4,993,973 6.94
65.01 - 70.00................................................ 46 7,192,118 10.00
70.01 - 75.00................................................ 70 11,942,552 16.60
75.01 - 80.00................................................ 134 24,385,948 33.89
80.01 - 85.00................................................ 37 3,913,391 5.44
85.01 - 90.00................................................ 86 10,533,455 14.64
90.01 - 95.00................................................ 23 1,764,799 2.45
95.01 - 100.00................................................ 10 934,851 1.30
LTV > 100.00.................................................. 5 433,835 0.60
--- ----------- -------
Total.................................................... 476 $71,949,054 100.00%
--- ----------- -------
--- ----------- -------
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) With respect to each Group II Loan, the 'Loan-to-Value Ratio' is the
original principal balance of the Group II Loan divided by the Appraised
Value, except as described in ' -- Underwriting Standards' herein.
The weighted average Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination of the Group II
Loans will be approximately 76.74%.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MORTGAGED PROPERTIES OF THE GROUP II LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
STATE GROUP II LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP II LOANS
- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
California.................................................... 80 $20,934,982 29.10%
Virginia...................................................... 49 11,138,034 15.48
Texas......................................................... 88 5,081,990 7.06
Maryland...................................................... 22 5,075,102 7.05
Illinois...................................................... 19 3,245,072 4.51
Arizona....................................................... 21 3,047,426 4.24
New York...................................................... 14 2,963,399 4.12
Florida....................................................... 13 2,270,176 3.16
Other(1)...................................................... 170 18,192,874 25.29
--- ----------- -------
Total.................................................... 476 $71,949,054 100.00%
--- ----------- -------
--- ----------- -------
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Other includes states and the District of Columbia with under 3%
concentrations individually.
No more than 1.5% of the Group II Loans will be secured by Mortgaged
Properties located in any one zip code area in California and no more than 1.9%
of the Group II Loans will be secured by Mortgaged Properties located in any one
zip code area outside California.
MORTGAGE LOAN PURPOSE OF THE GROUP II LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
LOAN PURPOSE GROUP II LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP II LOANS
- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Purchase...................................................... 223 $39,115,520 54.37%
Rate/Term Refinance........................................... 187 22,503,685 31.28
Equity Refinance.............................................. 66 10,329,850 14.36
--- ----------- -------
Total.................................................... 476 $71,949,054 100.00%
--- ----------- -------
--- ----------- -------
</TABLE>
S-28
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
The weighted average Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination of rate and term
refinance of the Group II Loans will be 75.46%. The weighted average
Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination of equity refinance of the Group II Loans
will be 70.44%.
OCCUPANCY TYPES OF THE GROUP II LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
OCCUPANCY GROUP II LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP II LOANS
- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Primary Residence............................................. 443 $68,215,415 94.81%
Second/Vacation............................................... 3 1,293,235 1.80
Non Owner-occupied............................................ 30 2,440,405 3.39
--- ----------- -------
Total.................................................... 476 $71,949,054 100.00%
--- ----------- -------
--- ----------- -------
</TABLE>
MORTGAGED PROPERTY TYPES OF THE GROUP II LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
PROPERTY TYPE GROUP II LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP II LOANS
- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Single-family detached........................................ 363 $53,446,777 74.28%
Planned Unit Developments (detached).......................... 37 8,943,797 12.43
Two- to four-family units..................................... 21 2,488,337 3.46
Condo Low-Rise (less than 5 stories).......................... 20 2,973,518 4.13
Condotel (9 or more stories).................................. 1 51,397 0.07
Condo High-Rise (9 stories or more)........................... 10 1,141,373 1.59
Manufactured Home............................................. 6 534,384 0.74
Townhouse..................................................... 9 920,905 1.28
Townhouse (2 to 4 family units)............................... 1 63,507 0.09
Planned Unit Developments (attached).......................... 7 1,043,838 1.45
Leasehold..................................................... 1 341,222 0.47
--- ----------- -------
Total.................................................... 476 $71,949,054 100.00%
--- ----------- -------
--- ----------- -------
</TABLE>
S-29
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
NOTE MARGINS OF THE GROUP II LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
NOTE MARGINS(%) GROUP II LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP II LOANS
- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
No Note Margin................................................ 18 $ 1,646,862 2.29%
Less than zero................................................ 3 2,484,398 3.45
0.001 - 0.499............................................... 2 488,927 0.68
0.500 - 0.999............................................... 5 925,318 1.29
1.000 - 1.499............................................... 1 172,015 0.24
2.000 - 2.499............................................... 13 759,305 1.06
2.500 - 2.999............................................... 219 44,103,876 61.30
3.000 - 3.499............................................... 51 5,761,030 8.01
3.500 - 3.999............................................... 37 3,648,087 5.07
4.000 - 4.499............................................... 2 31,625 0.04
4.500 - 4.999............................................... 3 158,848 0.22
5.000 - 5.499............................................... 6 1,580,763 2.20
5.500 - 5.999............................................... 15 1,393,157 1.94
6.000 - 6.499............................................... 19 2,205,521 3.07
6.500 - 6.999............................................... 27 2,488,790 3.46
7.000 - 7.499............................................... 35 2,756,956 3.83
7.500 - 7.999............................................... 13 829,753 1.15
8.000 - 8.499............................................... 3 261,058 0.36
9.000 - 9.499............................................... 1 139,685 0.19
10.000 - 10.499............................................... 1 41,958 0.06
10.500 - 10.999............................................... 1 25,632 0.04
11.000 - 11.499............................................... 1 45,492 0.06
--- ----------- -------
Total.................................................... 476 $71,949,054 100.00%
--- ----------- -------
--- ----------- -------
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average Note Margin of the Group II
Loans will be approximately 3.2091% per annum.
MAXIMUM MORTGAGE RATES OF THE GROUP II LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
MAXIMUM MORTGAGE RATES (%) GROUP II LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP II LOANS
- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
No Maximum Mortgage Rate...................................... 28 $ 1,062,682 1.48%
09.000 - 09.999............................................... 26 6,789,112 9.44
10.000 - 10.999............................................... 1 243,539 0.34
11.000 - 11.999............................................... 24 4,004,765 5.57
12.000 - 12.999............................................... 31 6,496,688 9.03
13.000 - 13.999............................................... 97 18,189,591 25.28
14.000 - 14.999............................................... 69 12,108,983 16.83
15.000 - 15.999............................................... 59 7,519,965 10.45
16.000 - 16.999............................................... 58 6,295,571 8.75
17.000 - 17.999............................................... 42 3,431,197 4.77
18.000 - 18.999............................................... 31 5,349,498 7.44
19.000 - 19.999............................................... 5 272,145 0.38
20.000 - 20.999............................................... 2 72,235 0.10
21.000 - 21.999............................................... 3 113,082 0.16
--- ----------- -------
Total.................................................... 476 $71,949,054 100.00%
--- ----------- -------
--- ----------- -------
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-off Date, the weighted average Maximum Mortgage Rate of the
Group II Loans will be approximately 14.1258% per annum.
S-30
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
INDICES OF GROUP II LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
INDEX MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP II LOANS
- ------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1 Yr. Treasury............................................... 272 $ 42,775,769.11 59.45%
3 Yr. Treasury............................................... 28 6,819,945.01 9.48
6 Mo. LIBOR.................................................. 121 11,691,909.95 16.25
11th District COFI........................................... 34 4,742,835.19 6.59
Prime Based.................................................. 14 5,146,657.09 7.15
Miscellaneous Indices........................................ 7 771,938.09 1.07
--- ---------------- -------
Total................................................... 476 $ 71,949,054.44 100.00%
--- ---------------- -------
--- ---------------- -------
</TABLE>
NEXT INTEREST RATE ADJUSTMENT DATES OF THE GROUP II LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PERCENT OF
NEXT INTEREST ADJUSTMENT DATE GROUP II LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE GROUP II LOANS
- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
April 1999.................................................... 49 $10,808,460 15.02%
May 1999...................................................... 34 5,113,073 7.11
June 1999..................................................... 26 4,246,475 5.90
July 1999..................................................... 37 5,497,837 7.64
August 1999................................................... 21 2,713,504 3.77
September 1999................................................ 39 4,948,383 6.88
October 1999.................................................. 38 6,778,898 9.42
November 1999................................................. 26 3,570,507 4.96
December 1999................................................. 22 2,701,978 3.76
January 2000.................................................. 30 4,257,860 5.92
February 2000................................................. 33 5,928,342 8.24
March 2000.................................................... 33 3,679,608 5.11
April 2000.................................................... 6 1,444,313 2.01
May 2000...................................................... 8 1,622,053 2.25
June 2000..................................................... 7 674,545 0.94
July 2000..................................................... 3 202,377 0.28
August 2000................................................... 6 767,750 1.07
September 2000................................................ 11 1,268,849 1.76
October 2000.................................................. 9 857,452 1.19
November 2000................................................. 6 636,238 0.88
December 2000................................................. 6 467,695 0.65
January 2001.................................................. 1 50,686 0.07
July 2001..................................................... 1 169,937 0.24
August 2001................................................... 4 443,162 0.62
September 2001................................................ 3 416,056 0.58
October 2001.................................................. 4 293,269 0.41
December 2001................................................. 1 264,107 0.37
January 2002.................................................. 5 745,203 1.04
March 2002.................................................... 1 339,915 0.47
June 2002..................................................... 1 35,990 0.05
August 2002................................................... 1 235,242 0.33
October 2002.................................................. 1 113,518 0.16
April 2004.................................................... 1 286,779 0.40
September 2005................................................ 1 84,993 0.12
October 2005.................................................. 1 284,000 0.39
--- ----------- -------
Total.................................................... 476 $71,949,054 100.00%
--- ----------- -------
--- ----------- -------
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-off Date, the weighted average months to the next interest
rate Adjustment Date will be approximately 9.
S-31
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
CREDIT SCORES
'CREDIT SCORES' are obtained by many lenders in connection with mortgage
loan applications to help assess a borrower's credit-worthiness. Some Credit
Scores were not obtained or used in connection with the origination of the
Mortgage Loans. A majority of the Credit Scores referred to in the tables below
were obtained by Residential Funding within two months prior to the Cut-off
Date. Credit Scores are obtained from credit reports provided by various credit
reporting organizations, each of which may employ differing computer models and
methodologies. The Credit Score is designed to assess a borrower's credit
history at a single point in time, using objective information currently on file
for the borrower at a particular credit reporting organization. Information
utilized to create a Credit Score may include, among other things, payment
history, delinquencies on accounts, levels of outstanding indebtedness, length
of credit history, types of credit, and bankruptcy experience. Credit Scores
range from approximately 350 to approximately 840, with higher scores indicating
an individual with a more favorable credit history compared to an individual
with a lower score. However, a Credit Score purports only to be a measurement of
the relative degree of risk a borrower represents to a lender, i.e., a borrower
with a higher score is statistically expected to be less likely to default in
payment than a borrower with a lower score. In addition, it should be noted that
Credit Scores were developed to indicate a level of default probability over a
two-year period, which does not correspond to the life of a mortgage loan.
Furthermore, Credit Scores were not developed specifically for use in connection
with mortgage loans, but for consumer loans in general, and assess only the
borrower's past credit history. Therefore, a Credit Score does not take into
consideration the differences between mortgage loans and consumer loans
generally or the specific characteristics of the related mortgage loan (for
example, the Loan-to-Value Ratio, the collateral for the mortgage loan, or the
debt to income ratio). There can be no assurance that the Credit Scores of the
Mortgagors will be an accurate predictor of the likelihood of repayment of the
related Mortgage Loans.
The following tables set forth information as to the Credit Scores of the
related Mortgagors as determined generally 5 months prior to the Closing Date.
CREDIT SCORES FOR THE GROUP I LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENT OF
GROUP I LOANS
BY
CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF CUT-OFF DATE PRINCIPAL
CREDIT SCORE RANGE GROUP I LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE BALANCE
- -------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
499 or less................................................... 31 $ 2,148,817 1.96%
500 - 519..................................................... 61 3,452,112 3.15
520 - 539..................................................... 94 5,609,063 5.13
540 - 559..................................................... 98 6,886,213 6.29
560 - 579..................................................... 106 7,870,798 7.19
580 - 599..................................................... 70 8,023,632 7.33
600 - 619..................................................... 93 13,634,430 12.46
620 - 639..................................................... 66 6,928,035 6.33
640 - 659..................................................... 60 6,647,617 6.07
660 - 679..................................................... 89 12,467,023 11.39
680 - 699..................................................... 70 8,726,807 7.97
700 - 719..................................................... 51 7,144,111 6.53
720 - 739..................................................... 45 5,519,721 5.04
740 - 759..................................................... 34 4,611,775 4.21
760 or greater................................................ 62 8,121,047 7.42
----- ------------- -------
Subtotal with Credit Score.................................... 1,030 107,791,199 98.50
Not Available(1).............................................. 16 1,637,544 1.50
----- ------------- -------
Total.................................................... 1,046 $ 109,428,743 100.00%
----- ------------- -------
----- ------------- -------
</TABLE>
(footnote on next page)
S-32
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(footnote from previous page)
(1) Mortgage Loans indicated as having a Credit Score that is 'not availiable'
include certain Mortgage Loans where the Credit Score was not provided by
the related Seller and Mortgage Loans where no credit history can be
obtained for the related Mortgagor.
CREDIT SCORES FOR THE GROUP II LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENT OF
GROUP II LOANS
BY
CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF CUT-OFF DATE PRINCIPAL
CREDIT SCORE RANGE GROUP II LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE BALANCE
- ----------------------------------------------------------- -------------- ----------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
499 or less................................................ 20 $ 1,808,894 2.51%
500 - 519.................................................. 20 2,540,370 3.53
520 - 539.................................................. 26 2,840,104 3.95
540 - 559.................................................. 40 4,283,105 5.95
560 - 579.................................................. 26 3,991,620 5.55
580 - 599.................................................. 28 3,614,041 5.02
600 - 619.................................................. 27 4,504,093 6.26
620 - 639.................................................. 36 5,755,646 8.00
640 - 659.................................................. 37 5,925,625 8.24
660 - 679.................................................. 30 6,603,763 9.18
680 - 699.................................................. 27 4,044,290 5.62
700 - 719.................................................. 28 3,886,610 5.40
720 - 739.................................................. 32 6,063,704 8.43
740 - 759.................................................. 31 5,065,350 7.04
760 or greater............................................. 46 8,580,940 11.93
--- ------------ -------
Subtotal with Credit Score................................. 454 69,508,157 96.61
Not Available(1)........................................... 22 2,440,898 3.39
--- ------------ -------
Total................................................. 476 $71,949,054 100.00%
--- ------------ -------
--- ------------ -------
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Mortgage Loans indicated as having a Credit Score that is 'not availiable'
include certain Mortgage Loans where the Credit Score was not provided by
the related Seller and Mortgage Loans where no credit history can be
obtained for the related Mortgagor.
STANDARD HAZARD INSURANCE AND PRIMARY MORTGAGE INSURANCE
Each Mortgage Loan is required to be covered by a standard hazard insurance
policy. In addition, to the best of the Company's knowledge, each of the
Mortgage Loans with Loan-to-Value Ratios at origination in excess of 80% will be
insured by a Primary Insurance Policy covering the amount of such Mortgage Loan
in excess of 75% (or, with respect to 49 and 4 of the Group I Loans and Group II
Loans, respectively, representing approximately 2.9% and 0.6%, respectively, of
the Mortgage Loans in the related Loan Group, some other percentage) of the
value of the related Mortgaged Property used in determining such Loan-to-Value
Ratio (the 'APPRAISED VALUE'). An additional 27.1% and 14.4% of the Group I
Loans and Group II Loans, respectively, are Mortgage Loans with a Loan-to-Value
Ratio at origination in excess of 80% that are not insured by a Primary
Insurance Policy. Substantially all of such Primary Insurance Policies were
issued by General Electric Mortgage Insurance Corporation, Republic Mortgage
Insurance Company, United Guaranty Residential Insurance Company and Mortgage
Guaranty Insurance Corporation (collectively, the 'PRIMARY INSURERS'). Each
Primary Insurer has a claims paying ability currently acceptable to the Rating
Agencies that have been requested to rate the Certificates; however, there is no
assurance as to the actual ability of any Primary Insurer to pay claims. See
'Insurance Policies on Mortgage Loans or Contracts -- Standard Hazard Insurance
on Mortgaged Properties' and ' -- Primary Mortgage Insurance Policies' in the
Prospectus.
S-33
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
UNDERWRITING STANDARDS
The Mortgage Loans included in the Trust Fund were underwritten pursuant to
a variety of underwriting standards as described in the following paragraphs.
Portfolio Transactions. Approximately 28.6% and 2.2% of the Group I Loans
and Group II Loans, respectively, all of which were acquired by the Seller in
bulk or in flow from various Sellers, were underwritten pursuant to a variety of
underwriting standards. Generally, such Mortgage Loans were originated by
various originators for portfolio and not pursuant to any of Residential
Funding's programs or any other secondary market program. At the time of
purchase of such loans by Residential Funding, no determination was made as to
whether the loans complied with the underwriting criteria of any specific
origination program. In each case, however, at the time of purchase, every loan
was reunderwritten by Residential Funding to prudent lender standards; that is,
to determine whether the characteristics of the loan, the borrower and the
collateral, taken as a whole, represent a prudent lending risk. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, many of the Portfolio Loans include characteristics representing
underwriting deficiencies as compared to other mortgage loans originated in
compliance with standard origination programs for the secondary mortgage market.
Examples of deficiencies include high Loan-to-Value Ratios or the lack of a
Primary Insurance Policy.
Phoenix Program. Approximately 10.1% of the Group II Loans were originated
in accordance with Residential Funding's Phoenix Program. This program was
initiated as a loss mitigation tool designed to refinance delinquent mortgage
loans. The program was set up to give borrowers a fresh start who had the
ability and willingness to continue to pay. The loans were originated by a
variety of sellers who sold the loans servicing released to Residential Funding.
All of these loans are currently serviced by HomeComings. Mortgage loans
refinanced under the Phoenix program typically were originated prior to
December 1997, were sold servicing released to Residential Funding, and may have
been included in a previously securitized mortgage pool and then repurchased
following default by Residential Funding. Many of the loans refinanced under the
Phoenix program involved borrowers who had suffered substantial loss of equity
in their homes due to the decline in real estate values in the late 1980s and
early 1990s. All loans originated under the Phoenix program are adjustable rate
loans based on the One-Year U.S. Treasury index. In many cases, amounts owing
under the loan being refinanced were capitalized. The Phoenix program used an
abbreviated origination process, under which a title search was obtained rather
than a title insurance policy, an appraisal was not required and a Primary
Insurance Policy was not required. The Loan-to-Value Ratio for any Phoenix Loan
in the Trust Fund is based on the value of the related Mortgaged Property at
origination of the original loan; no new appraisal is required in connection
with the new loan.
Residential Funding Programs and Conforming Loans. Approximately 59.2% and
33.4% of the Group I Loans and Group II Loans, respectively, were either (i)
originated for one of the following programs of Residential Funding or (ii)
originated pursuant to the underwriting standards of FNMA or FHLMC, but were
rejected for inclusion in any Residential Funding securitization or were
rejected for sale to FNMA or FHLMC for various reasons, including the failure to
meet the appropriate underwriting guidelines (such Mortgage Loans, the 'PROGRAM
LOANS').
Certain of the Program Loans were originated for programs under the
Residential Funding's Seller Guide (the 'GUIDE'), excluding the underwriting
standards relating to the Expanded Criteria Program (as defined below), the
Expanded Credit program and the home equity program (such loans, the 'CORE
LOANS') but were rejected for inclusion in any Core Program securitization for
various reasons, including the failure to meet the appropriate underwriting
guidelines.
The underwriting standards as set forth in the Guide are continuously
revised based on opportunities and prevailing conditions in the residential
mortgage market and the market for the Company's mortgage pass-through
certificates. The Core Loans may be underwritten by Residential Funding or by a
designated third-party. In certain circumstances, however, the Core Loans may be
underwritten only by the Seller. Residential Funding may perform only sample
quality assurance reviews to determine whether the Mortgage Loans in any
Mortgage Pool were underwritten in accordance with applicable standards.
The following is a brief description of the underwriting standards set
forth in the Guide for full documentation loan programs. Initially, a
prospective borrower (other than a trust if the trust is the borrower) is
required to fill out a detailed application providing pertinent credit
information. As part of the application, the borrower is required to provide a
current balance sheet describing assets and liabilities and a statement of
S-34
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
income and expenses, as well as an authorization to apply for a credit report
which summarizes the borrower's credit history with merchants and lenders and
any record of bankruptcy. In addition, an employment verification is obtained
which reports the borrower's current salary and may contain the length of
employment and an indication as to whether it is expected that the borrower will
continue such employment in the future. If a prospective borrower is
self-employed, the borrower may be required to submit copies of signed tax
returns. The borrower may also be required to authorize verification of deposits
at financial institutions where the borrower has accounts. In the case of a
Mortgage Loan secured by a property owned by a trust, the foregoing procedures
may be waived where the Mortgage Note is executed on behalf of the Trust.
In determining the adequacy of the Mortgaged Property as collateral, an
appraisal is made of each property considered for financing. The appraiser is
required to verify that the property is in good condition and that construction,
if new, has been completed. The appraisal is based on various factors, including
the market value of comparable homes and the cost of replacing the improvements.
Alternatively, property valuations may be made under various other methods.
Once all applicable employment, credit and property information is
received, a determination is made as to whether the prospective borrower has
sufficient monthly income available to meet the borrower's monthly obligations
on the proposed mortgage loan and other expenses related to the home (such as
property taxes and hazard insurance) and other financial obligations and monthly
living expenses. The Company will generally underwrite ARM Loans, Buy-Down
Mortgage Loans and certain other Mortgage Loans on the basis of the borrower's
ability to make monthly payments as determined by reference to the Mortgage
Rates in effect at origination or the reduced initial monthly payments, as the
case may be, and on the basis of an assumption that the borrowers will likely be
able to pay the higher monthly payments that may result from later increases in
the Mortgage Rates or from later increases in the monthly payments, as the case
may be, at the time of such increase even though the borrowers may not be able
to make such higher payments at the time of origination. The Mortgage Rate in
effect from the origination date of an ARM Loan or certain other types of loans
to the first adjustment date generally will be lower, and may be significantly
lower, than the sum of the then applicable Index and Note Margin. Similarly, the
amount of the monthly payment on Buy-Down Mortgage Loans will increase
periodically. If the borrowers' incomes do not increase in an amount
commensurate with the increases in monthly payments, the likelihood of default
will increase.
The underwriting standards set forth in the Guide will be varied in
appropriate cases, including 'limited' or 'reduced loan documentation' mortgage
loan programs. Certain reduced loan documentation programs, for example, do not
require income, employment or asset verifications. Generally, in order to be
eligible for a reduced loan documentation program, the Loan-to-Value Ratio must
meet applicable guidelines, the borrower must have a good credit history and the
borrower's eligibility for such program may be determined by use of a credit
scoring model.
In its evaluation of mortgage loans which have more than twelve months of
payment experience, Residential Funding generally places greater weight on
payment history and may take into account market and other economic trends while
placing less weight on underwriting factors generally applied to newly
originated mortgage loans. Certain Mortgage Loans seasoned for over twelve
months may be underwritten for purchase by Residential Funding based on the
borrower's credit score and payment history, with no current income
verification, and under alternative property valuation methods described in the
Prospectus under 'The Mortgage Pools -- The Mortgage Loans.'
The Mortgaged Properties may be located in states where, in general, a
lender providing credit on a single-family property may not seek a deficiency
judgment against the mortgagor but rather must look solely to the property for
repayment in the event of foreclosure. See 'Certain Legal Aspects of the
Mortgage Loans -- Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations on Lenders'
in the Prospectus. The Company's underwriting standards applicable to all states
(including anti-deficiency states) require that the value of the property being
financed, as indicated by the appraisal, currently supports and is anticipated
to support in the future the outstanding loan balance, although there can be no
assurance that such value will support the loan balance in the future.
Certain of the Program Loans were originated under the Seller's program for
loans with expanded criteria (the 'EXPANDED CRITERIA LOANS') but were rejected
for inclusion in any Expanded Criteria Program securitization for various
reasons, including the failure to meet the appropriate underwriting guidelines.
S-35
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
Residential Funding commenced its Expanded Criteria Mortgage Program (the
'EXPANDED CRITERIA PROGRAM') primarily for the purchase of mortgage loans that
generally would not qualify for other first mortgage purchase programs such as
those run by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac or by Residential Funding in connection
with securities issued by the Company's affiliate, Residential Funding Mortgage
Securities I, Inc. Examples include mortgage loans secured by non-owner occupied
properties, mortgage loans made to borrowers whose income is not required to be
provided or verified, mortgage loans with higher Loan-to-Value Ratios or
mortgage loans made to borrowers whose ratios of debt service on the mortgage
loan to income and total debt service on borrowings to income are higher than
for such other programs. Borrowers may be International Borrowers. The Mortgage
Loans also include mortgage loans secured by smaller or larger parcels of land,
mortgage loans with higher Loan-to-Value Ratios than in such other programs and
mortgage loans with Loan-to-Value Ratios over 80% that do not require primary
mortgage insurance. The inclusion of such Mortgage Loans may present certain
risks that are not present in such other programs. The Program is administered
by Residential Funding on behalf of the Company. Each Program Seller has been
selected by Residential Funding on the basis of criteria set forth in
Residential Funding's Guide.
In accordance with the Guide, the Program Seller is required to review an
application designed to provide to the original lender pertinent credit
information concerning the mortgagor. As part of the description of the
mortgagor's financial condition, each mortgagor is required to furnish
information (which may have been supplied solely in such application) with
respect to its assets, liabilities, income (except as described below), credit
history and employment history, and to furnish an authorization to apply for a
credit report which summarizes the borrower's credit history with local
merchants and lenders and any record of bankruptcy. The mortgagor may also be
required to authorize verifications of deposits at financial institutions where
the mortgagor had demand or savings accounts. In the case of non-owner occupied
properties, income derived from the mortgaged property may be considered for
underwriting purposes. With respect to mortgaged property consisting of a
vacation or second home, generally no income derived from the property is
considered for underwriting purposes.
Based on the data provided in the application and certain verifications (if
required), a determination is made by the original lender that the mortgagor's
monthly income (if required to be stated) will be sufficient to enable the
mortgagor to meet its monthly obligations on the mortgage loan and other
expenses related to the property (such as property taxes, utility costs,
standard hazard insurance and other fixed obligations other than housing
expenses). Generally, scheduled payments on a mortgage loan during the first
year of its term plus taxes and insurance and all scheduled payments on
obligations that extend beyond ten months (including those mentioned above and
other fixed obligations) equal no more than specified percentages of the
prospective mortgagor's gross income. The originator may also consider the
amount of liquid assets available to the mortgagor after origination.
Certain of the Mortgage Loans have been originated under 'reduced
documentation' or 'no stated income' programs which require less documentation
and verification than do traditional 'full documentation' programs. Generally,
under a 'reduced documentation' program, no verification of a mortgagor's stated
income is undertaken by the originator. Under a 'no stated income' program,
certain borrowers with acceptable payment histories will not be required to
provide any information regarding income and no other investigation regarding
the borrower's income will be undertaken. Under a 'no income/no asset' program,
no verification of a Mortgagor's income or assets is undertaken by the
originator. The underwriting for such mortgage loans may be based primarily or
entirely on an appraisal of the Mortgaged Property and the Loan-to-Value Ratio
at origination.
The adequacy of the mortgaged property as security for repayment of the
related mortgage loan generally is determined by an appraisal in accordance with
appraisal procedure guidelines set forth in the Guide. Appraisers may be staff
appraisers employed by the originator. The appraisal procedure guidelines
generally require the appraiser or an agent on its behalf to personally inspect
the property and to verify whether the property is in good condition and that
construction, if new, has been substantially completed. The appraiser is
required to consider a market data analysis of recent sales of comparable
properties and, when deemed applicable, an analysis based on income generated
from the property, or replacement cost analysis based on the current cost of
constructing or purchasing a similar property. In certain instances, the
Loan-to-Value Ratio is based on the appraised value as indicated on a review
appraisal conducted by the Seller or originator.
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Because of the program criteria and underwriting standards described above,
the Mortgage Loans may experience greater rates of delinquency, foreclosure and
loss than mortgage loans required to satisfy more stringent underwriting
standards.
Certain of the Program Loans were originated under the Seller's program for
sub-prime mortgage loans (such loans, the 'EXPANDED CREDIT LOANS') but were
rejected for inclusion in any Expanded Credit Program securitization for various
reasons, including the failure to meet the appropriate underwriting guidelines.
All of the Expanded Credit Loans had features that generally distinguish
such loans from the more stringent underwriting requirements used as standards
for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and moreover, from the more stringent
underwriting standards set forth in Residential Funding's Seller Guide for
mortgage loan collateral that does not present significant special risk features
(which generally provides the basis for underwriting mortgage loans that serve
as the assets for securities issued by Residential Funding's affiliates,
Residential Funding Mortgage Securities I, Inc. and Residential Accredit Loans,
Inc.). Residential Funding established risk categories by which it could
aggregate acceptable loans into groupings considered to have progressively
greater risk characteristics.
Residential Funding's underwriting of the Expanded Credit Loans generally
consisted of analyzing the following as standards applicable to the Expanded
Credit Loans: the creditworthiness of a mortgagor, the income sufficiency of a
mortgagor's projected family income (including in certain instances rental
income from investment property) relative to the mortgage payment and to other
fixed obligations, and the adequacy of the mortgaged property (expressed in
terms of Loan-to-Value Ratio), to serve as the collateral for a mortgage loan.
Generally, each mortgagor would have been required to complete an
application designed to provide to the original lender pertinent credit
information concerning the mortgagor. As part of the description of the
mortgagor's financial condition, each mortgagor furnished information (which may
have been supplied solely in such application) with respect to its assets,
liabilities, income, credit history, employment history and personal
information, and furnished an authorization to apply for a credit report which
summarized the borrower's credit history with local merchants and lenders and
any record of bankruptcy. The mortgagor may also have been required to authorize
verifications of deposits at financial institutions where the mortgagor had
demand or savings accounts. In the case of investment properties, income derived
from the mortgaged property may have been considered for underwriting purposes.
With respect to mortgaged property consisting of vacation or second homes,
generally no income derived from the property was considered for underwriting
purposes.
Based on the data provided in the application, certain verifications (if
required by the originator of the mortgage loan) and the appraisal or other
valuation of the mortgaged property, a determination was made by the original
lender that the mortgagor's monthly income would be sufficient to enable the
mortgagor to meet its monthly obligations on the mortgage loan and other
expenses related to the property (such as property taxes, utility costs,
standard hazard insurance and other fixed obligations other than housing
expenses). The originator's guidelines for mortgage loans generally specify that
scheduled payments on a mortgage loan during the first year of its term plus
taxes and insurance and all scheduled payments on obligations that extend beyond
ten months (including those mentioned above and other fixed obligations) equal
no more than specified percentages of the prospective mortgagor's gross income.
The originator may also have considered the amount of liquid assets available to
the mortgagor after origination.
Certain of the Expanded Credit Loans have been originated under 'limited
documentation' programs that require less documentation and verification than do
traditional 'full documentation' programs. Generally, under such a program,
minimal investigation into a mortgagor's credit history and income profile would
have been undertaken by the originator and the underwriting for such mortgage
loans will place a greater emphasis on the value of the mortgaged property. The
Loan-to-Value Ratio for the Expanded Credit Loans generally means the ratio,
expressed as a percentage of (a) the principal amount of the Expanded Credit
Loan at origination, over (b) the lesser of the sales price or the appraised
value of the related Mortgaged Property at origination, or in the case of a
refinanced or modified Expanded Credit Loan, either the appraised value
determined at origination or, if applicable, at the time of the refinancing or
modification.
The adequacy of a mortgaged property as security for repayment of the
related mortgage loan generally has been determined by an appraisal in
accordance with pre-established appraisal procedure guidelines for appraisals
established by or acceptable to the originator. Appraisers were either staff
appraisers employed by the originator or independent appraisers selected in
accordance with pre-established guidelines established by the originator.
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The appraisal procedure guidelines generally will have required the appraiser or
an agent on its behalf to personally inspect the property and to verify whether
the property was in good condition and that construction, if new, had been
substantially completed. The appraisal would have considered a market data
analysis of recent sales of comparable properties and, when deemed applicable,
an analysis based on income generated from the property or replacement cost
analysis based on the current cost of constructing or purchasing a similar
property. In certain instances, the Loan-to-Value Ratio may have been based on
the appraised value as indicated on a review appraisal conducted by the seller
or originator.
Certain of the Program Loans were generally underwritten pursuant to FNMA
and FHLMC guidelines, but were rejected for delivery to FNMA and FHLMC for
various reasons, including delinquency or the failure to meet such underwriting
guidelines.
Called and Seasoned Loans. Approximately 12.2% and 54.4% of the Group I
Loans and Group II Loans, respectively, are Mortgage Loans acquired by
Residential Funding through the exercise of the right to repurchase (a 'clean-up
call') the loans in a mortgage pool previously securitized by the Company or any
of its affiliates, or are other seasoned loans. Such loans were originated under
the Core Program. Due to the length of time since origination, no assurance can
be given as to whether such loans would conform with current underwriting
criteria or documentation requirements.
The following table sets forth the additional information with respect to
the Mortgage Loans with respect to the product types above:
MORTGAGE LOANS BY PRODUCT TYPES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DELINQUENCY
AS OF THE WEIGHTED
NUMBER PERCENT CUT-OFF DATE AVERAGE WEIGHTED
OF OF -------------- LOAN-TO- AVERAGE
MORTGAGE PRINCIPAL MORTGAGE 30-59 60-89 VALUE SEASONING
PRODUCT TYPE LOANS BALANCE LOANS CURRENT DAYS DAYS RATIO (MONTHS)
- ------------------------- -------- ------------ -------- ------- ----- ----- -------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Residential Funding
Programs and Conforming
Loans.................. 586 $ 88,808,342 48.96% 96.86% 2.04% 1.10% 79.89% 20
Called and Seasoned
Loans.................. 355 52,505,391 28.95 97.67 2.33 0.00 74.69 91
Portfolio Transactions... 551 32,833,142 18.10 97.19 1.81 1.00 89.35 58
Phoenix Program.......... 30 7,230,923 3.99 72.34 19.95 7.71 76.53 42
-------- ------------ -------- ------- ----- ----- -------- ---
Total............... 1,522 $181,377,797 100.00% 96.17% 2.80% 1.03% 79.96% 48
-------- ------------ -------- ------- ----- ----- -------- ---
-------- ------------ -------- ------- ----- ----- -------- ---
</TABLE>
RESIDENTIAL FUNDING
Residential Funding will be responsible for master servicing the Mortgage
Loans. Such responsibilities will include the receipt of funds from
Subservicers, the reconciliation of servicing activity with respect to the
Mortgage Loans, investor reporting, remittances to the Trustee to accommodate
distributions to Certificateholders, follow up with Subservicers with respect to
Mortgage Loans that are delinquent or for which servicing decisions may need to
be made, management and liquidation of mortgaged properties acquired by
foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure, notices and other responsibilities
as detailed in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
Residential Funding and its affiliates are active purchasers of
non-conforming mortgage loans and have sold a substantial amount of mortgage
loans that do not present certain of the special risk factors presented by the
Mortgage Loans as described herein. Residential Funding serves as the master
servicer for transactions backed by most of such mortgage loans. As a result of
the program criteria and underwriting standards of the Mortgage Loans, however,
the Mortgage Loans may experience rates of delinquency, foreclosure and loss
that are higher than those experienced by other pools of mortgage loans for
which Residential Funding acts as master servicer.
SERVICING
Primary servicing will be provided with respect to 23.0% and 24.5% of the
Group I Loans and Group II Loans, respectively, by Cenlar Federal Savings Bank
('CENLAR'), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cenlar Capital
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Corp. Cenlar is subservicing such Mortgage Loans pursuant to a Subservicing
Agreement with the Master Servicer. Cenlar is engaged primarily in the servicing
industry and has been servicing mortgage loans since 1965.
Cenlar's executive offices are located at 425 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing,
New Jersey 08618.
SPECIAL SERVICING
Pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, Residential Funding will
be responsible for performing, directly or through an affiliate, special
servicing functions with respect to those Mortgage Loans that are currently
being subserviced by certain servicers (the 'DESIGNATED SERVICERS'). Such
Mortgage Loans comprise approximately 36.4% and 37.6% of the Group I Loans and
Group II Loans, respectively. If and when any such Mortgage Loan becomes 90 or
more days delinquent, Residential Funding will start the process of transferring
the servicing for such Mortgage Loan to HomeComings Financial Network, Inc.
('HOMECOMINGS'), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Residential Funding Corporation.
HomeComings is a participant in Residential Funding's Asset Resolution
Division specializing in the servicing of sub-prime mortgage loans, the
acquisition and management of sub-performing and non-performing mortgage loans
and the real property securing such loans ('REO'). HomeComings has been engaged
to perform the primary servicing for the Expanded Credit Program. HomeComings'
servicing operations are located at 9275 Sky Park Court, Third Floor, San Diego,
California 92123. HomeComings has acquired mortgage loan portfolios from the
Resolution Trust Corporation and private investors.
Residential Funding's Asset Resolution Divsion was awarded a 'Special
Servicer' designation from Standard & Poor's and Fitch.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The description in this Prospectus Supplement of the Mortgage Pool and the
Mortgaged Properties is based upon the Mortgage Pool as constituted at the close
of business on the Cut-off Date (after deducting payments of principal due in
the month of March). Prior to the issuance of the Class A Certificates, Mortgage
Loans may be removed from the Mortgage Pool as a result of incomplete
documentation or otherwise, if the Company deems such removal necessary or
appropriate. A limited number of other mortgage loans may be included in the
Mortgage Pool prior to the issuance of the Class A Certificates. The Company
believes that the information set forth herein will be substantially
representative of the characteristics of the Mortgage Pool as it will be
constituted at the time the Class A Certificates are issued, although the range
of Mortgage Rates and maturities and certain other characteristics of the
Mortgage Loans in the Mortgage Pool may vary.
A Current Report on Form 8-K, together with the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement, will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within
fifteen days after the initial issuance of the Class A Certificates. In the
event Mortgage Loans are removed from or added to the Mortgage Pool as set forth
in the preceding paragraph, such removal or addition will be noted in the
Current Report on Form 8-K.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES
GENERAL
The Series 1999-RS1 Mortgage Asset-Backed Pass-Through Certificates (the
'CERTIFICATES') will consist of the following ten classes of Certificates: (i)
the Class A-I-1, Class A-I-2 and Class A-I-3 Certificates (collectively, the
'CLASS A-I CERTIFICATES'); (ii) the Class A-II Certificates (the 'CLASS A-II
CERTIFICATES'); (iii) the Class SB-I Certificates and Class SB-II Certificates
(together, the 'CLASS SB CERTIFICATES'); and (iv) the Class R-I, Class R-II,
Class R-III and Class R-IV Certificates (collectively, the 'CLASS R
CERTIFICATES' or the 'RESIDUAL CERTIFICATES'). The Class A-I Certificates and
Class A-II Certificates are referred to herein collectively as the 'CLASS A
CERTIFICATES.' Only the Class A Certificates are offered hereby.
The Certificates in the aggregate will evidence the entire beneficial
ownership interest in the Trust Fund. The Trust Fund will consist of: (i) the
Mortgage Loans; (ii) such assets as from time to time are identified as
deposited in respect of the Mortgage Loans in the Custodial Account and in the
Certificate Account and belonging to the Trust Fund; (iii) property acquired by
foreclosure of such Mortgage Loans or deed in lieu of foreclosure; (iv) any
applicable Primary Insurance Policies and standard hazard insurance policies;
(v) the Policy; and (vi) all proceeds of the foregoing. Scheduled payments on
the Mortgage Loans due on or before March 31, 1999, will not be included in the
Trust Fund.
The Class A Certificates will be issued in minimum denominations of $25,000
and integral multiples of $1 in excess thereof.
The Class A Certificates will be represented by one or more certificates
registered in the name of the nominee of DTC. The Company has been informed by
DTC that DTC's nominee will be Cede & Co. ('CEDE'). No Beneficial Owner will be
entitled to receive a Definitive Certificate, except as set forth in the
Prospectus under 'Description of the Certificates -- Form of Certificates.'
Investors in the Class A Certificates may elect to hold their Class A
Certificates through DTC. Unless and until Definitive Certificates are issued
for the Class A Certificates under the limited circumstances described herein,
all references to actions by Certificateholders with respect to the Class A
Certificates shall refer to actions taken by DTC upon instructions from its
Participants, and all references herein to distributions, notices, reports and
statements to Certificateholders with respect to the Class A Certificates shall
refer to distributions, notices, reports and statements to DTC or Cede, as the
registered holder of the Class A Certificates, for distribution to Beneficial
Owners by DTC in accordance with DTC procedures.
BOOK-ENTRY REGISTRATION
General. Beneficial Owners that are not Participants or Indirect
Participants but desire to purchase, sell or otherwise transfer ownership of, or
other interests in, the Class A Certificates may do so only through Participants
and Indirect Participants. In addition, Beneficial Owners will receive all
distributions of principal of and interest on the Class A Certificates from the
Paying Agent through DTC and Participants. Accordingly, Beneficial Owners may
experience delays in their receipt of payments. Unless and until Definitive
Certificates are issued for the Class A Certificates, it is anticipated that the
only registered Certificateholder of the Class A Certificates will be Cede, as
nominee of DTC. Beneficial Owners will not be recognized by the Trustee or the
Master Servicer as Certificateholders, as such term is used in the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement, and Beneficial Owners will be permitted to receive
information furnished to Certificateholders and to exercise the rights of
Certificateholders only indirectly through DTC, its Participants and Indirect
Participants.
Under the rules, regulations and procedures creating and affecting DTC and
its operations (the 'RULES'), DTC is required to make book-entry transfers of
Class A Certificates among Participants and to receive and transmit
distributions of principal of, and interest on, such Class A Certificates.
Participants and Indirect Participants with which Beneficial Owners have
accounts with respect to such Class A Certificates similarly are required to
make book-entry transfers and receive and transmit such distributions on behalf
of their respective Beneficial Owners. Accordingly, although Beneficial Owners
will not possess physical certificates evidencing their interests in the Class A
Certificates, the Rules provide a mechanism by which Beneficial Owners, through
their Participants and Indirect Participants, will receive distributions and
will be able to transfer their interests in the Class A Certificates. Transfers
between Participants will occur in accordance with the Rules.
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<PAGE>
None of the Company, the Master Servicer or the Trustee will have any
liability for any actions taken by DTC or its nominee, including, without
limitation, actions for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made
on account of beneficial ownership interests in the Class A Certificates held by
Cede, as nominee for DTC, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any
records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
Definitive Certificates. Definitive Certificates will be issued to
Beneficial Owners or their nominees, respectively, rather than to DTC or its
nominee, only under the limited conditions set forth in the Prospectus under
'Description of the Certificates -- Form of Certificates.'
Upon the occurrence of an event described in the Prospectus in the fourth
paragraph under 'Description of the Certificates -- Form of Certificates,' the
Trustee is required to notify, through DTC, Participants who have ownership of
Class A Certificates as indicated on the records of DTC of the availability of
Definitive Certificates for their Class A Certificates. Upon surrender by DTC of
the Definitive Certificates representing the Class A Certificates and upon
receipt of instructions from DTC for re-registration, the Trustee will reissue
the Class A Certificates as Definitive Certificates issued in the respective
principal amounts owned by individual Beneficial Owners, and thereafter the
Trustee and the Master Servicer will recognize the holders of such Definitive
Certificates as Certificateholders under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
Year 2000. DTC has advised the Depositor that management of DTC is aware
that some computer applications, systems and the like for processing data
('SYSTEMS') that are dependent upon calendar dates, including dates before, on
and after January 1, 2000, may encounter 'YEAR 2000' problems. DTC has informed
its Participants and other members of the financial community (the 'INDUSTRY')
that it has developed and is implementing a program so that its Systems, as they
relate to the timely payment of distributions (including principal and income
payments) to securityholders, book-entry deliveries and settlement of trades
with DTC ('DTC SERVICES') continue to function appropriately. This program
includes a technical assessment and a remediation plan, each of which is
complete. Additionally, DTC's plan includes a testing phase, which, DTC has
advised the Industry, is expected to be completed within appropriate time
frames.
However, DTC's ability to perform properly its services is also dependent
upon other parties, including but not limited to issuers and their agents, as
well as DTC's Participants and Indirect Participants and third-party vendors
from whom DTC licenses software and hardware, and third-party vendors on whom
DTC relies for information or the provision of services, including
telecommunication and electrical utility service providers, among others. DTC
has informed the Industry that it is contacting (and will continue to contact)
third-party vendors from whom DTC acquires services to: (i) impress upon them
the importance of such services being Year 2000 compliant; and (ii) determine
the extent of their efforts for Year 2000 remediation (and, as appropriate,
testing) of their services. In addition, DTC is in the process of developing
such contingency plans as it deems appropriate.
According to DTC, the foregoing information with respect to DTC has been
provided to the Industry for informational purposes only and is not intended to
serve as a representation, warranty or contract modification of any kind.
For additional information regarding DTC and the Class A Certificates, see
'Description of the Certificates -- Form of Certificates' in the Prospectus.
MULTIPLE LOAN GROUP STRUCTURE
The Mortgage Loans in the Trust Fund consist of the Group I Loans and Group
II Loans, as described above under 'Description of the Mortgage Pool.'
Distributions of interest and principal on the Class A-I Certificates and Class
A-II Certificates will be based primarily on interest and principal received or
advanced with respect to the Group I Loans and Group II Loans, respectively;
however, the Group I Excess Cash Flow will be available to pay amounts related
to Realized Losses allocated to the Class A-II Certificates, Group II Cumulative
Insurance Payments, Group II Prepayment Interest Shortfalls and Basis Risk
Shortfall Carry Forward Amount and the Group II Excess Cash Flow will be
available to pay amounts related to Realized Losses allocated to the Class A-I
Certificates, Group I Cumulative Insurance Payments and Group I Prepayment
Interest Shortfalls, in each case in the manner and to the extent described
herein. In addition, in certain circumstances the Group I Excess Cash Flow and
the Group II Excess Cash Flow will be used to pay principal on the non-related
Class A Certificates. See ' -- Interest Distributions', ' -- Principal
Distributions on the Class A Certificates' and ' -- Overcollateralization
Provisions' herein.
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AVAILABLE DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT
The 'AVAILABLE DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT' for any Distribution Date will be
determined separately with respect to Loan Group I and Loan Group II, and in
each case will equal the sum of (i) the aggregate amount of scheduled payments
on the related Mortgage Loans due during the related Due Period and received on
or prior to the related Determination Date, after deduction of the related
master servicing fees and any related subservicing fees (collectively, the
'SERVICING FEES') in respect of the related Mortgage Loans for such Distribution
Date and the premium payable on the Policy for such Distribution Date, (ii)
certain unscheduled payments, including Mortgagor prepayments on such Mortgage
Loans, Insurance Proceeds and Liquidation Proceeds from such Mortgage Loans,
proceeds from repurchases of and substitutions for such Mortgage Loans occurring
during the preceding calendar month, (iii) all Advances made for such
Distribution Date in respect of such Mortgage Loans, in each case net of amounts
reimbursable therefrom to the Master Servicer and any Subservicer. In addition
to the foregoing amounts, with respect to unscheduled collections (other than
Mortgagor prepayments) on the Mortgage Loans in any Loan Group, the Master
Servicer may elect to treat such amounts as included in the related Available
Distribution Amount for the Distribution Date in the month of receipt, but is
not obligated to do so. As described herein under ' -- Principal Distributions
on the Class A Certificates,' any such amount with respect to which such
election is so made shall be treated as having been received on the last day of
the preceding calendar month for the purposes of calculating the amount of
principal and interest distributions to any class of Certificates. With respect
to any Distribution Date, (i) the 'DUE PERIOD' is the calendar month in which
such Distribution Date occurs and (ii) the 'DETERMINATION DATE' is the 20th day
of the month in which such Distribution Date occurs or, if such day is not a
business day, the immediately succeeding business day. The 'DUE DATE' with
respect to each Mortgage Loan is the date on which the monthly payment is due.
With respect to any Distribution Date, prior to any distribution to the
Class A Certificates related to any Loan Group, the Certificate Insurer will be
paid an amount equal to one-twelfth of the product of the percentage (the
'POLICY PREMIUM RATE') specified in the Insurance and Indemnity Agreement, dated
as of March 30, 1999, among the Insurer, the Company, the Trustee and the Master
Servicer (the 'INSURANCE AGREEMENT') and the aggregate Certificate Principal
Balance of the related Class A Certificates immediately prior to such
Distribution Date.
INTEREST DISTRIBUTIONS
On each Distribution Date, holders of the Class A-I Certificates will be
entitled to receive interest distributions (the 'CLASS A-I INTEREST DISTRIBUTION
AMOUNT') in an amount equal to the Accrued Certificate Interest thereon for such
Distribution Date to the extent of the Available Distribution Amount for Loan
Group I for such Distribution Date, plus any Accrued Certificate Interest
remaining unpaid from any prior Distribution Date; provided, that on any
Distribution Date on which the amount of Prepayment Interest Shortfalls with
respect to Loan Group I for such Distribution Date exceeds the aggregate of (a)
Eligible Master Servicing Compensation derived from Loan Group I, (b) Eligible
Master Servicing Compensation derived from Loan Group II (to the extent
remaining after covering any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls with respect to Loan
Group II) and (c) Group I Excess Cash Flow and Group II Excess Cash Flow
available to offset such shortfalls on such Distribution Date, the aggregate
amount of any such differences (any such amount, the 'GROUP I PREPAYMENT
INTEREST SHORTFALLS') allocable to the Class A-I Certificates, will not be
included in the Class A-I Interest Distribution Amount. Any such Group I
Prepayment Interest Shortfalls will accrue interest at the related Pass-Through
Rate on the Class A-I Certificates and will be paid (together with interest
thereon) on future Distribution Dates only to the extent of any Group I Excess
Cash Flow and Group II Excess Cash Flow available therefor on such Distribution
Dates.
On each Distribution Date, holders of the Class A-II Certificates will be
entitled to receive interest distributions (the 'CLASS A-II INTEREST
DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT' and, together with the Class A-I Interest Distribution
Amount, the 'INTEREST DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT') in an amount equal to the Accrued
Certificate Interest thereon for such Distribution Date to the extent of the
Available Distribution Amount for Loan Group II for such Distribution Date, plus
any Accrued Certificate Interest remaining unpaid from any prior Distribution
Date; provided, that on any Distribution Date on which:
(i) the Accrued Certificate Interest, calculated at a rate equal to
One-Month LIBOR plus the Applicable Class A-II Margin (but in no event
greater than the weighted average of the Maximum Net
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Mortgage Rates of the Group II Loans then outstanding), exceeds the Accrued
Certificate Interest calculated at the then-applicable Pass-Through Rate
(any such excess, the 'BASIS RISK SHORTFALLS'); or
(ii) the amount of Prepayment Interest Shortfalls with respect to Loan
Group II for such Distribution Date exceeds the aggregate of (a) Eligible
Master Servicing Compensation derived from Loan Group II, (b) Eligible
Master Servicing Compensation derived from Loan Group I (to the extent
remaining after covering any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls with respect to
Loan Group I) and (c) Group II Excess Cash Flow and Group I Excess Cash
Flow available to offset such shortfalls on such Distribution Date (the
'GROUP II PREPAYMENT INTEREST SHORTFALLS');
the aggregate amount of any such differences will not be included in the Class
A-II Interest Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date. Any such Basis
Risk Shortfalls and Group II Prepayment Interest Shortfalls will accrue interest
at the Pass-Through Rate on the Class A-II Certificates (as adjusted from time
to time) and will be paid (together with interest thereon) on future
Distribution Dates only to the extent of any Group II Excess Cash Flow and Group
I Excess Cash Flow available therefor on such Distribution Dates.
The ratings assigned to the Class A Certificates do not address the
likelihood of the receipt of any amounts in respect of any Prepayment Interest
Shortfalls or Basis Risk Shortfalls. The Policy will not cover any of such
shortfalls and such shortfalls may remain unpaid on the final Distribution Date.
See ' -- Overcollateralization Provisions' and ' -- Certificate Guaranty
Insurance Policy' herein.
With respect to any class of Class A Certificates and any Distribution
Date, 'ACCRUED CERTIFICATE INTEREST' on the Class A Certificates will be equal
to interest accrued during the related Interest Accrual Period on the
Certificate Principal Balance thereof immediately prior to such Distribution
Date at the related Pass-Through Rate less interest shortfalls from the related
Loan Group, if any, allocated thereto for such Distribution Date, to the extent
not covered by Subordination (as defined herein), including in each case: (i)
the interest portions of Excess Losses on the Mortgage Loans, (ii) the interest
portion of any Advances with respect to the Mortgage Loans that were made with
respect to delinquencies that were ultimately determined to be Excess Losses,
(iii) any Deferred Interest allocated thereto and (iv) any other interest
shortfalls with respect to the Mortgage Loans not covered by Subordination,
including interest shortfalls relating to the Relief Act or similar legislation
or regulations, all allocated to the related class or classes of Class A
Certificates in accordance with the amount of Accrued Certificate Interest that
would have accrued on such Certificates absent such reduction; provided,
however, that in the event that any shortfall described in clause (i) or (ii) of
this sentence is allocated to any class of Class A Certificates, subject to the
terms of the Policy, the amount of such allocated shortfall will be drawn under
the Policy and distributed to the holders of the related Class A Certificates.
Other shortfalls described in the preceding sentence are not covered by the
Policy. In addition, to the extent the related Available Distribution Amount is
less than Accrued Certificate Interest on the related Class A Certificates, such
shortfall will be covered by an Insured Amount from the Policy. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, if payments are not made as required under the Policy, any such
interest shortfalls may be incurred by the related Class A Certificates. See
'Description of the Certificates -- Certificate Guaranty Insurance Policy.'
With respect to the Class A-I Certificates, the 'INTEREST ACCRUAL PERIOD'
is the calendar month preceding the month in which such Distribution Date
occurs. With respect to the Class A-II Certificates, the Interest Accrual Period
shall be (i) with respect to the Distribution Date in April 1999, the period
commencing on the Closing Date and ending on the day preceding the Distribution
Date in April 1999, and (ii) with respect to any Distribution Date after the
Distribution Date in April 1999, the period commencing on the Distribution Date
in the month immediately preceding the month in which such Distribution Date
occurs and ending on the day preceding such Distribution Date. Interest for the
Class A-I Certificates will be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year
consisting of twelve 30-day months. Interest for the Class A-II Certificates
will be calculated on the basis of the actual number of days in the related
Interest Accrual Period and a 360-day year.
With respect to each Distribution Date, 'PASS-THROUGH RATE' on each class
of Class A-I Certificates is the lesser of (i) the fixed rate set forth on page
S-4 hereof and (ii) the weighted average of the Net Mortgage Rates on the Group
I Loans.
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class A-II Certificates with respect to each
Distribution Date will be the per annum rate equal to the lesser of (i)
One-Month LIBOR plus the Class A-II Margin and (ii) a per annum rate equal to
the weighted average of the Net Mortgage Rates on the Group II Loans (calculated
based on the number of days in the preceding Interest Accrual Period) (the
'MAXIMUM CLASS A-II RATE'). The 'CLASS A-II
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MARGIN' for the Class A-II Certificates is as follows: for any Distribution Date
on or prior to the Group II Optional Termination Date, 0.34% per annum, for any
date thereafter, 0.68% per annum. Initially, the Pass-Through Rate on the Class
A-II Certificates will be 5.27969% per annum. The 'NET MORTGAGE RATE' on each
Mortgage Loan is equal to the Mortgage Rate thereon minus the sum of (i) the
rate per annum at which the related master servicing and subservicing fees
accrue (the 'SERVICING FEE RATE') and (ii) the Policy Premium Rate.
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class A Certificates for the current and
immediately preceding calendar month may be obtained by telephoning the Trustee
at (800) 524-9274.
With respect to any Distribution Date, any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls
on the Group I Loans during the preceding calendar month will be offset: (i)
first, by the Master Servicer, but only to the extent such Prepayment Interest
Shortfalls do not exceed Eligible Master Servicing Compensation derived from
Loan Group I; (ii) second, by the Master Servicer, but only to the extent such
Prepayment Interest Shortfalls do not exceed Eligible Master Servicing
Compensation derived from Loan Group II, and only to the extent remaining after
covering any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls with respect to Loan Group II; and
(iii) third, by Group I Excess Cash Flow and Group II Excess Cash Flow available
therefor for such Distribution Date as described in ' -- Overcollateralization
Provisions' below. Any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls with respect to Loan Group
I not covered by clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) of the previous sentence for the
related Distribution Date will be allocated to the Class A-I Certificates on a
pro rata basis and reimbursable on future Distribution Dates as described in
' -- Overcollateralization Provisions' below.
With respect to any Distribution Date, any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls
on the Group II Loans during the preceding calendar month will be offset: (i)
first, by the Master Servicer, but only to the extent such Prepayment Interest
Shortfalls do not exceed Eligible Master Servicing Compensation derived from
Loan Group II; (ii) second, by the Master Servicer, but only to the extent such
Prepayment Interest Shortfalls do not exceed Eligible Master Servicing
Compensation derived from Loan Group I, and only to the extent remaining after
covering any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls with respect to Loan Group I; and
(iii) third, by Group II Excess Cash Flow and Group I Excess Cash Flow available
therefor for such Distribution Date as described in ' -- Overcollateralization
Provisions' below. Any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls with respect to Loan Group
II not covered by clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) of the previous sentence for the
related Distribution Date will be allocated to the Class A-II Certificates and
will be reimbursable on future Distribution Dates as described in
' -- Overcollateralization Provisions' below.
With respect to each Loan Group, 'ELIGIBLE MASTER SERVICING COMPENSATION'
shall be an amount equal to the lesser of (a) one-twelfth of 0.125% of the
Stated Principal Balance (as defined herein) of the Mortgage Loans in the
related Loan Group immediately preceding such Distribution Date and (b) the sum
of the master servicing fee payable to the Master Servicer in respect of its
master servicing activities and reinvestment income received by the Master
Servicer on amounts payable with respect to such Distribution Date with respect
to such Loan Group.
The 'PREPAYMENT INTEREST SHORTFALL' for any Distribution Date and each Loan
Group is equal to the aggregate shortfall, if any, in collections of interest
resulting from Mortgagor prepayments on the Mortgage Loans in the related Loan
Group during the preceding calendar month. Such shortfalls will result because
interest on prepayments in full is distributed only to the date of prepayment,
and because no interest is distributed on prepayments in part, as such
prepayments in part are applied to reduce the outstanding principal balance of
the related Mortgage Loans as of the Due Date immediately preceding the date of
prepayment. No assurance can be given that the amounts available to cover
Prepayment Interest Shortfalls will be sufficient therefor. See
' -- Overcollateralization Provisions' and 'The Pooling and Servicing
Agreement -- Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses' herein.
The Policy does not cover any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls.
To the extent that Deferred Interest causes a shortfall in interest
collections on the Group II Loans that would otherwise cause a shortfall in the
amount of interest payable to the Class A-II Certificateholders, such amount
will be paid using principal collections on the Group II Loans through the
priority of payment provisions described herein. To the extent that the
aggregate Accrued Certificate Interest on the Class A-II Certificates for any
Distribution Date exceeds the related Available Distribution Amount for such
Distribution Date, the lesser of such excess and the aggregate amount of
Deferred Interest, if any, that is added to the principal balance of the
Negative Amortization Loans on the Due Date occurring in the month in which such
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Distribution Date occurs will be added to the Certificate Principal Balances of
the Class A-II Certificates and subtracted from the amount of Accrued
Certificate Interest otherwise payable for such Distribution Date.
As described herein, the Accrued Certificate Interest allocable to the
Class A Certificates is based on the Certificate Principal Balance thereof. The
'CERTIFICATE PRINCIPAL BALANCE' of any Class A Certificate as of any date of
determination is equal to the initial Certificate Principal Balance thereof,
plus any Deferred Interest added thereto, and reduced by the aggregate of (a)
all amounts allocable to principal previously distributed with respect to such
Certificate (including, such amounts paid pursuant to the Policy) and (b) any
reductions in the Certificate Principal Balance thereof deemed to have occurred
in connection with allocations of Realized Losses in the manner described herein
(other than any amounts that have been paid pursuant to the Policy). The initial
Certificate Principal Balance of each of the Class SB Certificates is equal to
the excess, if any, of (a) the initial aggregate Stated Principal Balance (as
defined herein) of the Mortgage Loans in the related Loan Group over (b) the
initial aggregate Certificate Principal Balance of the Class A-I Certificates or
Class A-II Certificates, as applicable.
DETERMINATION OF ONE-MONTH LIBOR
The Pass-Through Rate on the Class A-II Certificates for any Interest
Accrual Period, including the initial Interest Accrual Period, will be
determined on the second LIBOR Business Day immediately prior to the
commencement of such Interest Accrual Period (each, a 'LIBOR RATE ADJUSTMENT
DATE').
On the first LIBOR Rate Adjustment Date, One-Month LIBOR shall be 4.93969%
per annum. On each LIBOR Rate Adjustment Date thereafter, One-Month LIBOR shall
be established by the Trustee and, as to any Interest Accrual Period, will equal
the rate for one month United States dollar deposits that appears on the
Telerate Screen Page 3750 as of 11:00 a.m., London time, on such LIBOR Rate
Adjustment Date. 'TELERATE SCREEN PAGE 3750' means the display designated as
page 3750 on the Telerate Service (or such other page as may replace page 3750
on that service for the purpose of displaying London interbank offered rates of
major banks). If such rate does not appear on such page (or such other page as
may replace that page on that service, or if such service is no longer offered,
such other service for displaying One-Month LIBOR or comparable rates as may be
selected by the Trustee after consultation with the Master Servicer and the
Insurer), the rate will be the Reference Bank Rate. The 'REFERENCE BANK RATE'
will be determined on the basis of the rates at which deposits in U.S. Dollars
are offered by the reference banks (which shall be three major banks that are
engaged in transactions in the London interbank market, selected by the Trustee
after consultation with the Master Servicer and the Insurer) as of 11:00 a.m.,
London time, on the LIBOR Rate Adjustment Date to prime banks in the London
interbank market for a period of one month in amounts approximately equal to the
Certificate Principal Balance of the Class A-II Certificates. The Trustee will
request the principal London office of each of the reference banks to provide a
quotation of its rate. If at least two such quotations are provided, the rate
will be the arithmetic mean of the quotations. If on such date fewer than two
quotations are provided as requested, the rate will be the arithmetic mean of
the rates quoted by one or more major banks in New York City, selected by the
Trustee after consultation with the Master Servicer and the Insurer, as of 11:00
a.m., New York City time, on such date for loans in U.S. Dollars to leading
European banks for a period of one month in amounts approximately equal to the
Certificate Principal Balance of the Class A-II Certificates. If no such
quotations can be obtained, the rate will be One-Month LIBOR for the prior
Distribution Date; provided however, if, under the priorities described above,
One-Month LIBOR for a Distribution Date would be based on One-Month LIBOR for
the previous Distribution Date for the third consecutive Distribution Date, the
Trustee, after consultation with the Insurer, shall select an alternative
comparable index (over which the Trustee has no control), used for determining
one-month Eurodollar lending rates that is calculated and published (or
otherwise made available) by an independent party. 'LIBOR BUSINESS DAY' means
any day other than (i) a Saturday or a Sunday or (ii) a day on which banking
institutions in the city of London, England are required or authorized by law to
be closed.
The establishment of One-Month LIBOR by the Trustee and the Trustee's
subsequent calculation of the Pass-Through Rate applicable to the Class A-II
Certificates for the relevant Interest Accrual Period, in the absence of
manifest error, will be final and binding.
PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTIONS ON THE CLASS A CERTIFICATES
Holders of each of the Class A-I Certificates and Class A-II Certificates
will be entitled to receive on each Distribution Date, to the extent of the
portion of the related Available Distribution Amount remaining after the related
Interest Distribution Amount is distributed and in the manner set forth below, a
distribution allocable to
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principal, determined separately for the Class A-I Certificates and the Class
A-II Certificates, equal to the applicable Principal Distribution Amount.
The 'PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT' for any Distribution Date will be the
lesser of (a) the excess of (i) the related Available Distribution Amount over
(ii) the related Interest Distribution Amount and (b) the amount described
below:
(i) the principal portion of all scheduled monthly payments on the
Mortgage Loans in the related Loan Group received or Advanced (as defined
herein) with respect to the related Due Period;
(ii) the principal portion of all proceeds of the repurchase of
Mortgage Loans in the related Loan Group (or, in the case of a
substitution, certain amounts representing a principal adjustment) as
required by the Pooling and Servicing Agreement during the preceding
calendar month;
(iii) the principal portion of all other unscheduled collections
received on the Mortgage Loans in the related Loan Group during the
preceding calendar month (or deemed to be received during the preceding
calendar month) (including, without limitation, full and partial Principal
Prepayments made by the respective Mortgagors), to the extent not
distributed in the preceding month;
(iv) the principal portion of any Realized Losses (other than Excess
Losses) incurred (or deemed to have been incurred) on any Mortgage Loans in
the related Loan Group in the calendar month preceding such Distribution
Date to the extent covered by Group I Excess Cash Flow for such
Distribution Date (in the case of Realized Losses incurred on the Group I
Loans) or to the extent covered by Group II Excess Cash Flow for such
Distribution Date (in the case of Realized Losses incurred on the Group II
Loans) or by the Group I or Group II Excess Cash Flow from the other Loan
Group, as described under ' -- Overcollateralization Provisions' below; and
(v) the amount of any related Overcollateralization Increase Amount
(as defined herein) for such Distribution Date;
minus
(vi) the amount of any related Overcollateralization Reduction Amount
(as defined herein) for such Distribution Date.
In no event will the Principal Distribution Amount with respect to a Loan
Group on any Distribution Date be (x) less than zero or (y) greater than the
outstanding Certificate Principal Balance of the related Class A Certificates.
The Principal Distribution Amount for Loan Group I will be distributed on
each Distribution Date to the Class A-I-1, Class A-I-2 and Class A-I-3
Certificates, in that order, in each case in reduction of the Certificate
Principal Balance thereof, until the Certificate Principal Balance thereof has
been reduced to zero.
The Principal Distribution Amount for Loan Group II will be distributed on
each Distribution Date to the Class A-II Certificates, in reduction of the
Certificate Principal Balance thereof, until the Certificate Principal Balance
thereof has been reduced to zero.
On each Distribution Date, the Insurer shall be entitled to receive, (i)
after payment to the Class A-I Certificateholders of the related Interest
Distribution Amount and the related Principal Distribution Amount for such
Certificates for such Distribution Date (but before application of any related
Overcollateralization Increase Amount), from the Group I Excess Cash Flow and
the Group II Excess Cash Flow to the extent available therefor, the aggregate of
any payment made with respect to the Class A-I Certificates ('GROUP I CUMULATIVE
INSURANCE PAYMENTS') by the Insurer under the Policy (other than in respect of
Excess Losses) to the extent not previously reimbursed, plus interest thereon at
the rate set forth in the Insurance Agreement and (ii) after payment to the
Class A-II Certificateholders of the related Interest Distribution Amount and
the related Principal Distribution Amount for such Certificates for such
Distribution Date (but before application of any related Overcollateralization
Increase Amount), from the Group I Excess Cash Flow and the Group II Excess Cash
Flow to the extent available therefor, the aggregate of any payment made with
respect to the Class A-II Certificates ('GROUP II CUMULATIVE INSURANCE
PAYMENTS') by the Insurer under the Policy (other than in respect of Excess
Losses) to the extent not previously reimbursed, plus interest thereon at the
rate set forth in the Insurance Agreement.
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OVERCOLLATERALIZATION PROVISIONS
Loan Group I. The Pooling and Servicing Agreement requires that, on each
Distribution Date, Group I Excess Cash Flow, if any, be applied on such
Distribution Date as an accelerated payment of principal on the Class A-I
Certificates, but only in the manner and to the extent hereafter described. The
'GROUP I EXCESS CASH FLOW' on any Distribution Date generally will equal one
month's interest on the Group I Loans at the weighted average of the Net
Mortgage Rates for such Group I Loans, to the extent paid or advanced, weighted
on the basis of their respective Stated Principal Balances as of the immediately
preceding Distribution Date, minus the Class A-I Interest Distribution Amount.
Group I Excess Cash Flow will be applied on any Distribution Date as follows:
first, to pay to the holders of the Class A-I Certificates the
principal portion of Realized Losses (other than Excess Losses) incurred on
the Group I Loans for the preceding calendar month;
second, to pay to the holders of the Class A-II Certificates the
principal portion of any Realized Losses (other than Excess Losses) on the
Group II Loans for the preceding calendar month to the extent not covered
by the Group II Excess Cash Flow;
third, to pay to the Insurer any Group I Cumulative Insurance
Payments;
fourth, to pay to the Insurer any Group II Cumulative Insurance
Payments to the extent not covered by the Group II Excess Cash Flow;
fifth, to pay any Overcollateralization Increase Amount with respect
to Loan Group II, but only to the extent the Certificate Principal Balance
of the Class A-II Certificates exceeds the aggregate Stated Principal
Balance of the Group II Loans;
sixth, to pay any Overcollateralization Increase Amount with respect
to Loan Group I;
seventh, to pay the holders of the Class A-I Certificates the amount
of any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls allocated thereto with respect to the
Group I Loans for such Distribution Date, to the extent not covered by
Eligible Master Servicing Compensation on such Distribution Date;
eighth, to pay to the holders of the Class A-II Certificates the
amount of any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls allocated thereto with respect
to the Group II Loans for such Distribution Date, to the extent not covered
by Eligible Master Servicing Compensation and Group II Excess Cash Flow on
such Distribution Date;
ninth, to pay the holders of the Class A-I Certificates any Group I
Prepayment Interest Shortfalls remaining unpaid from prior Distribution
Dates together with interest thereon;
tenth, to pay the Class A-II Certificates any Group II Prepayment
Interest Shortfalls remaining unpaid from prior Distribution Dates together
with interest thereon (to the extent not covered by the Group II Excess
Cash Flow);
eleventh, to pay to the Class A-II Certificates the amount of any
Basis Risk Shortfall Carry-Forward Amount remaining unpaid with respect to
prior Distribution Dates, together with interest thereon (to the extent not
covered by Group II Excess Cash Flow); and
twelfth, to pay to the holders of the related Class SB Certificates
and Class R Certificates any balance remaining, in accordance with the
terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
The application of Group I Excess Cash Flow to the payment of principal on the
Class A-I Certificates has the effect of accelerating the amortization of the
Class A-I Certificates relative to the amortization of the Group I Loans.
The 'BASIS RISK SHORTFALL CARRY-FORWARD AMOUNT' is equal to the aggregate
amount of Basis Risk Shortfall on such Distribution Date, plus any unpaid Basis
Risk Shortfall from prior Distribution Dates, plus interest thereon to the
extent previously unreimbursed.
As of the Closing Date, the Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group I
will be 2.00% of the Group I Cut-off Date Balance. With respect to any
Distribution Date, the excess, if any, of (a) the aggregate Stated Principal
Balances of the Group I Loans before giving effect to distributions of principal
to be made on such Distribution Date over (b) the aggregate Certificate
Principal Balance of the Class A-I Certificates as of such date (before taking
into account the payment to the Class A-I Certificates of the amounts described
in clauses
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(b)(i)-(iv) of the definition of the related Principal Distribution Amount on
such Distribution Date) is the 'OVERCOLLATERALIZATION AMOUNT' for Loan Group I
as of such Distribution Date. The Pooling and Servicing Agreement requires that
the Group I Excess Cash Flow, to the extent available therefor as described
above, will be applied as an accelerated payment of principal on the Class A-I
Certificates to the extent that the Group I Required Overcollateralization
Amount exceeds the Group I Overcollateralization Amount as of such Distribution
Date. With respect to any Distribution Date, the 'OVERCOLLATERALIZATION INCREASE
AMOUNT' for Loan Group I is equal to the lesser of (i) the sum of (a) Group I
Excess Cash Flow for such Distribution Date available to make payments pursuant
to clause sixth in the second paragraph immediately above and (b) Group II
Excess Cash Flow for such Distribution Date available to make payments pursuant
to clause fifth in the second paragraph immediately following and (ii) the
excess of (x) the Group I Required Overcollateralization Amount for such
Distribution Date over (y) the Group I Overcollateralization Amount for such
Distribution Date. The required level of the Overcollateralization Amount for
Loan Group I with respect to a Distribution Date is the 'REQUIRED
OVERCOLLATERALIZATION AMOUNT' for Loan Group I with respect to such Distribution
Date, and will be set forth in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
In the event that the Required Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group
I is permitted to decrease or 'step down' on a Distribution Date in the future,
a portion of the principal which would otherwise be distributed to the holders
of the Class A-I Certificates on such Distribution Date shall not be distributed
to the holders of the Class A-I Certificates on such Distribution Date. This has
the effect of decelerating the amortization of the Class A-I Certificates
relative to the amortization of the Group I Loans, and of reducing the
Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group I. With respect to any Distribution
Date, the excess, if any, of (a) the Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group
I on such Distribution Date over (b) the Required Overcollateralization Amount
for Loan Group I is the 'EXCESS OVERCOLLATERALIZATION AMOUNT' for Loan Group I
with respect to such Distribution Date. If, on any Distribution Date, the Excess
Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group I is, or, after taking into account
all other distributions to be made on such Distribution Date would be, greater
than zero (i.e., the Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group I is or would
be greater than the Required Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group I),
then any amounts relating to principal which would otherwise be distributed to
the holders of the Class A-I Certificates on such Distribution Date shall
instead be included in the Group I Excess Cash Flow and distributed as described
above; such amount being the 'OVERCOLLATERALIZATION REDUCTION AMOUNT' for Loan
Group I for such Distribution Date.
Loan Group II. The Pooling and Servicing Agreement requires that, on each
Distribution Date, Group II Excess Cash Flow, if any, be applied on such
Distribution Date as an accelerated payment of principal on the Class A-II
Certificates, but only in the manner and to the extent hereafter described. The
'GROUP II EXCESS CASH FLOW' on any Distribution Date generally will equal one
month's interest on the Group II Loans at the weighted average of the Net
Mortgage Rates for such Group II Loans, to the extent paid or advanced, weighted
on the basis of their respective Stated Principal Balances as of the immediately
preceding Distribution Date, minus the Class A-II Interest Distribution Amount.
Group II Excess Cash Flow will be applied on any Distribution Date as follows:
first, to pay to the holders of the Class A-II Certificates the
principal portion of Realized Losses (other than Excess Losses) incurred on
the Group II Loans for the preceding calendar month;
second, to pay to the holders of the Class A-I Certificates the
principal portion of any Realized Losses (other than Excess Losses) on the
Group I Loans for the preceding calendar month to the extent not covered by
the Group I Excess Cash Flow;
third, to pay to the Insurer any Group II Cumulative Insurance
Payments;
fourth, to pay to the Insurer any Group I Cumulative Insurance
Payments (to the extent not covered by the Group I Excess Cash Flow);
fifth, to pay any Overcollateralization Increase Amount with respect
to Loan Group I, but only to the extent the aggregate Certificate Principal
Balance of the Class A-I Certificates exceeds the aggregate Stated
Principal Balance of the Group I Loans;
sixth, to pay any Overcollateralization Increase Amount with respect
to Loan Group II;
seventh, to pay the holders of the Class A-II Certificates the amount
of any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls allocated thereto with respect to the
Group II Loans for such Distribution Date, to the extent not covered by
Eligible Master Servicing Compensation on such Distribution Date;
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eighth, to pay to the holders of the Class A-I Certificates the amount
of any Prepayment Interest Shortfalls allocated thereto with respect to the
Group I Loans for such Distribution Date, to the extent not covered by
Eligible Master Servicing Compensation and Group I Excess Cash Flow on such
Distribution Date;
ninth, to pay the holders of the Class A-II Certificates any Group II
Prepayment Interest Shortfalls remaining unpaid from prior Distribution
Dates together with interest thereon;
tenth, to pay the Class A-I Certificates any Group I Prepayment
Interest Shortfalls remaining unpaid from prior Distribution Dates together
with interest thereon (to the extent not covered by the Group I Excess Cash
Flow);
eleventh, to pay to the Class A-II Certificates the amount of any
Basis Risk Shortfall Carry-Forward Amount remaining unpaid with respect to
prior Distribution Dates, together with interest thereon; and
twelfth, to pay to the holders of the related Class SB Certificates
and Class R Certificates any balance remaining, in accordance with the
terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
The application of Group II Excess Cash Flow to the payment of principal on the
Class A-II Certificates has the effect of accelerating the amortization of the
Class A-II Certificates relative to the amortization of the Group II Loans.
As of the Closing Date, the Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group II
will be 2.00% of the Group II Cut-off Date Balance. With respect to any
Distribution Date, the excess, if any, of (a) the aggregate Stated Principal
Balances of the Group II Loans before giving effect to distributions of
principal to be made on such Distribution Date over (b) the aggregate
Certificate Principal Balance of the Class A-II Certificates as of such date
(before taking into account the payment to the Class A-II Certificates of the
amounts described in clauses (b)(i)-(iv) of the definition of the related
Principal Distribution Amount on such Distribution Date) is the
'OVERCOLLATERALIZATION AMOUNT' for Loan Group II as of such Distribution Date.
The Pooling and Servicing Agreement requires that the Group II Excess Cash Flow,
to the extent available therefor as described above, will be applied as an
accelerated payment of principal on the Class A-II Certificates to the extent
that the Group II Required Overcollateralization Amount exceeds the Group II
Overcollateralization Amount as of such Distribution Date. With respect to any
Distribution Date, the 'OVERCOLLATERALIZATION INCREASE AMOUNT' for Loan Group II
is equal to the lesser of (i) the sum of (a) Group II Excess Cash Flow for such
Distribution Date available to make payments pursuant to clause sixth in the
second paragraph immediately above and (b) Group I Excess Cash Flow for such
Distribution Date available to make payments pursuant to clause fifth in the
fourth paragraph immediately above and (ii) the excess of (x) the Group II
Required Overcollateralization Amount for such Distribution Date over (y) the
Group II Overcollateralization Amount for such Distribution Date. The required
level of the Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group II with respect to a
Distribution Date is the 'REQUIRED OVERCOLLATERALIZATION AMOUNT' for Loan Group
II with respect to such Distribution Date, and will be set forth in the Pooling
and Servicing Agreement.
In the event that the Required Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group
II is permitted to decrease or 'step down' on a Distribution Date in the future,
a portion of the principal which would otherwise be distributed to the holders
of the Class A-II Certificates on such Distribution Date shall not be
distributed to the holders of the Class A-II Certificates on such Distribution
Date. This has the effect of decelerating the amortization of the Class A-II
Certificates relative to the amortization of the Group II Loans, and of reducing
the Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group II. With respect to any
Distribution Date, the excess, if any, of (a) the Overcollateralization Amount
for Loan Group II on such Distribution Date over (b) the Required
Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group II is the 'EXCESS
OVERCOLLATERALIZATION AMOUNT' for Loan Group II with respect to such
Distribution Date. If, on any Distribution Date, the Excess
Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group II is, or, after taking into account
all other distributions to be made on such Distribution Date would be, greater
than zero (i.e., the Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group II is or would
be greater than the Required Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group II),
then any amounts relating to principal which would otherwise be distributed to
the holders of the Class A-II Certificates on such Distribution Date shall
instead be included in the Group II Excess Cash Flow and distributed as
described above; such amount being the 'OVERCOLLATERALIZATION REDUCTION AMOUNT'
for Loan Group II for such Distribution Date.
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CERTIFICATE GUARANTY INSURANCE POLICY
The following summary of the terms of the Policy does not purport to be
complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Policy. The
following information regarding the Policy has been supplied by the Insurer for
inclusion herein.
The Insurer, in consideration of the payment of the premium and subject to
the terms of the Policy, thereby unconditionally and irrevocably guarantees to
any Holder (as defined below) that an amount equal to each full and complete
Insured Amount will be paid to the Trustee or its successor, as trustee for the
Holders. The Insurer's obligations under the Policy with respect to a particular
Insured Amount shall be discharged to the extent funds equal to the applicable
Insured Amount are received by the Trustee, whether or not such funds are
properly applied by the Trustee. Insured Amounts shall be paid only at the time
set forth in the Policy, and no accelerated Insured Amounts shall be paid
regardless of any acceleration of the Class A Certificates, unless such
acceleration is at the sole option of the Insurer. The Policy does not cover any
interest shortfalls relating to the Relief Act, Prepayment Interest Shortfalls
or Basis Risk Shortfalls. The Policy does not cover any Deferred Interest except
to the extent it is added to the Certificate Principal Balance of the Class A-II
Certificates.
Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph, the Policy does not cover
shortfalls, if any, attributable to the liability of the Trust Fund, any REMIC
or the Trustee for withholding taxes, if any (including interest and penalties
in respect of any such liability).
The Insurer will pay any amounts payable under the Policy no later than
12:00 noon, New York City time, on the later of the Distribution Date on which
the related Deficiency Amount (as defined below) is due or the Business Day
following receipt in New York, New York on a Business Day of a Notice (as
described below); provided that if such Notice is received after 12:00 noon, New
York City time, on such Business Day, it will be deemed to be received on the
following Business Day. If any such Notice received is not in proper form or is
otherwise insufficient for the purpose of making a claim under the Policy it
shall be deemed not to have been received for purposes of this paragraph, and
the Insurer shall promptly so advise the Trustee and the Trustee may submit an
amended Notice.
Insured Amounts due under the Policy, unless otherwise stated therein, are
to be disbursed by the Insurer to the Trustee on behalf of the Holders by wire
transfer of immediately available funds in the amount of the Insured Amount.
As used in this section and in the Policy, the following terms shall have
the following meanings:
'AGREEMENT' means the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, dated as of March 1,
1999, among the Company, Residential Funding and the Trustee, without regard to
any amendment or supplement thereto unless such amendment or supplement has been
approved in writing by the Insurer.
'BUSINESS DAY' means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on
which banking institutions in New York City or in the city in which the
corporate trust office of the Trustee under the Agreement or the Insurer is
located are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.
'DEFICIENCY AMOUNT' means, with respect to the related Class A Certificates
as of any Distribution Date, (i) any shortfall in amounts available in the
Certificate Account to pay one month's interest on the Certificate Principal
Balance of the related Class A Certificates at the applicable Pass-Through Rate,
net of any interest shortfalls relating to Deferred Interest, the Relief Act and
Prepayment Interest Shortfalls allocated to the related Class A Certificates,
(ii) the principal portion of any Realized Loss allocated to the related Class A
Certificates and (iii) the Certificate Principal Balance of the related Class A
Certificates to the extent unpaid on the final Distribution Date or earlier
termination of the Trust Fund pursuant to the terms of the Agreement. Any
Deficiency Amount will not include any Basis Risk Shortfalls.
'HOLDER' means any person who is the registered or beneficial owner of any
Class A Certificate and who, on the applicable Distribution Date, is entitled
under the terms of the Class A Certificates to payment thereunder.
'INSURED AMOUNT' means, as of any Distribution Date, any Deficiency Amount.
'NOTICE' means the telephonic or telegraphic notice, promptly confirmed in
writing by telecopy substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached to the
Policy, the original of which is subsequently delivered by registered or
certified mail from the Trustee specifying the Insured Amount which shall be due
and owing on the applicable Distribution Date.
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<PAGE>
Capitalized terms used in the Policy and not otherwise defined in the
Policy shall have the respective meanings set forth in the Agreement as of the
date of execution of the Policy, without giving effect to any subsequent
amendment to or modification of the Agreement unless such amendment or
modification has been approved in writing by the Insurer.
The Policy is being issued under and pursuant to and shall be construed
under, the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to the conflict
of laws principles thereof.
The Policy is not cancelable for any reason. The premium on the Policy is
not refundable for any reason including payment, or provision being made for
payment, prior to maturity of the Class A Certificates.
ALLOCATION OF LOSSES; SUBORDINATION
Subject to the terms thereof, the Policy will cover all Realized Losses
allocated to the Class A-I Certificates and Class A-II Certificates.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if payments are not made as required under the
Policy, Realized Losses will be allocable to the related Class A Certificates
based on the following priorities.
Realized Losses on the Group I Loans that are not Excess Losses will be
allocated or covered as follows: first, to the Group I Excess Cash Flow for the
related Distribution Date; second, to the Group II Excess Cash Flow for the
related Distribution Date (to the extent remaining after covering Realized
Losses on the Group II Loans); third, by the reduction of the
Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group I, until reduced to zero; fourth, by
the reduction of the Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group II, until
reduced to zero; and fifth, to the extent not covered by the Policy, to all of
the Class A-I Certificates on a pro rata basis. Realized Losses on the Group II
Loans that are not Excess Losses will be allocated or covered as follows: first,
to the Group II Excess Cash Flow for the related Distribution Date; second, to
the Group I Excess Cash Flow for the related Distribution Date (to the extent
remaining after covering Realized Losses on the Group I Loans); third, by
reduction of the Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group II, until reduced
to zero; fourth, by reduction of the Overcollateralization Amount for Loan Group
I, until reduced to zero; and fifth, to the extent not covered by the Policy, to
the Class A-II Certificates. The Subordination provided to the Class A
Certificates as described above by the Excess Cash Flow, the
overcollateralization and the Policy will cover Realized Losses on the Mortgage
Loans that are Defaulted Mortgage Losses, Special Hazard Losses, Fraud Losses
and Bankruptcy Losses (each as defined in the Prospectus).
As used herein, 'SUBORDINATION' refers to the provisions discussed above
for the allocation of Realized Losses, as well as all provisions effecting such
allocations including the priorities for distribution of cash flows in the
amounts described herein.
Any Special Hazard Losses in excess of the related Special Hazard Amount
('EXCESS SPECIAL HAZARD LOSSES'), Fraud Losses in excess of the related Fraud
Amount ('EXCESS FRAUD LOSSES'), Bankruptcy Losses in excess of the related
Bankruptcy Amount ('EXCESS BANKRUPTCY LOSSES'), losses occasioned by war, civil
insurrection, certain governmental actions, nuclear reaction and certain other
risks ('EXTRAORDINARY LOSSES') and Realized Losses, other than the foregoing,
which, when added to the aggregate of such Realized Losses for all preceding Due
Periods, exceed the limit set forth in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement
(collectively, 'EXCESS LOSSES') will be covered by the Policy; provided, that if
a Certificate Insurer Default exists, such losses will be allocated to the
related Class A Certificates in an aggregate amount equal to the percentage of
such loss equal to the amount by which the then aggregate Certificate Principal
Balance of the Class A-I Certificates or Class A-II Certificates, as applicable,
exceeds the then aggregate Stated Principal Balance of the related Mortgage
Loans.
With respect to any defaulted Mortgage Loan that is finally liquidated,
through foreclosure sale, disposition of the related Mortgaged Property if
acquired on behalf of the related Certificateholders by deed in lieu of
foreclosure, or otherwise, the amount of loss realized, if any, will equal the
portion of the Stated Principal Balance remaining, if any, plus interest thereon
through the date of liquidation, after application of all amounts recovered (net
of amounts reimbursable to the Master Servicer or the Subservicer for Advances
and expenses, including attorneys' fees) towards interest and principal owing on
the Mortgage Loan. Such amount of loss realized and any Special Hazard Losses,
Fraud Losses, Bankruptcy Losses (except for Bankruptcy Losses that result from
an extension of the maturity of a Mortgage Loan) and Extraordinary Losses are
referred to herein as 'REALIZED LOSSES.'
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In order to maximize the likelihood of distribution in full of amounts of
interest and principal to be distributed to holders of the Class A Certificates
on each applicable Distribution Date, holders of Class A Certificates have a
right to distributions of the related Available Distribution Amount that is
prior to the rights of the holders of the related Class SB and Class R
Certificates. In addition, the overcollateralization, together with the limited
availability of the Group I Excess Cash Flow to cover the principal portion of
current Realized Losses on Group II Loans and of the Group II Excess Cash Flow
to cover the principal portion of current Realized Losses on Group I Loans will
also increase the likelihood of distribution of full amounts of interest and
principal to the Class A Certificates on each Distribution Date.
With respect to Loan Group I and Loan Group II, the aggregate amount of
Realized Losses which may be allocated in connection with Special Hazard Losses
on the Mortgage Loans (with respect to each Loan Group, the 'SPECIAL HAZARD
AMOUNT') through Subordination shall initially be equal to $2,000,000 and
$2,161,442, respectively. As of any date of determination following the Cut-off
Date, the Special Hazard Amount with respect to Loan Group I and Loan Group II
shall equal $2,000,000 and $2,161,442, respectively, in each case less the sum
of (A) any amounts allocated through Subordination in respect of Special Hazard
Losses with respect to such Loan Group and (B) the related Adjustment Amount.
The Adjustment Amount with respect to each Loan Group will be equal to an amount
calculated pursuant to the terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
With respect to Loan Group I and Loan Group II, the aggregate amount of
Realized Losses that may be allocated in connection with Fraud Losses (with
respect to each Loan Group, the 'FRAUD LOSS AMOUNT') through Subordination shall
initially be equal to $3,282,862 and $2,158,472, respectively. As of any date of
determination after the Cut-off Date and with respect to Loan Group I and Loan
Group II, the related Fraud Loss Amount shall equal (X) prior to the first
anniversary of the Cut-off Date an amount equal to 3.00% of the aggregate
principal balance of all of the Mortgage Loans in the related Loan Group as of
the Cut-off Date minus the aggregate amounts allocated through Subordination
with respect to Fraud Losses with respect to such Loan Group up to such date of
determination; (Y) from the first to the second anniversary of the Cut-off Date,
an amount equal to (1) the lesser of (a) the Fraud Loss Amount with respect to
such Loan Group as of the most recent anniversary of the Cut-off Date and (b)
2.00% of the aggregate principal balance of all of the Mortgage Loans in the
related Loan Group as of the most recent anniversary of the Cut-off Date minus
(2) the aggregate amount allocated through Subordination with respect to Fraud
Losses with respect to such Loan Group since the most recent anniversary of the
Cut-off Date up to such date of determination; and (Z) from the second to the
fifth anniversary of the Cut-off Date, an amount equal to (1) the lesser of (a)
the Fraud Loss Amount as of the most recent anniversary of the Cut-off Date and
(b) 1.00% of the aggregate principal balance of all of the Mortgage Loans in the
related Loan Group as of the most recent anniversary of the Cut-off Date minus
(2) the aggregate amount allocated through Subordination with respect to Fraud
Losses with respect to such Loan Group since the most recent anniversary of the
Cut-off Date up to such date of determination. On and after the fifth
anniversary of the Cut-off Date each Fraud Loss Amount shall be zero and Fraud
Losses shall not be allocated through Subordination.
With respect to Loan Group I and Loan Group II, the aggregate amount of
Realized Losses that may be allocated in connection with Bankruptcy Losses (with
respect to each Loan Group, the 'BANKRUPTCY AMOUNT') through Subordination will
initially be equal to $100,000 and $100,000, respectively. As of any date of
determination and with respect to Loan Group I and Loan Group II, the Bankruptcy
Amount shall equal $100,000 and $100,000, respectively, in each case less the
sum of any amounts allocated through Subordination for such losses with respect
to the related Loan Group up to such date of determination.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions relating to Subordination
will not be applicable in connection with a Bankruptcy Loss so long as the
Master Servicer has notified the Trustee in writing that the Master Servicer is
diligently pursuing any remedies that may exist in connection with the
representations and warranties made regarding the related Mortgage Loan and
either (A) the related Mortgage Loan is not in default with regard to payments
due thereunder or (B) delinquent payments of principal and interest under the
related Mortgage Loan and any premiums on any applicable primary hazard
insurance policy and any related escrow payments in respect of such Mortgage
Loan are being advanced on a current basis by the Master Servicer or a
Subservicer.
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<PAGE>
Each Special Hazard Amount, Fraud Loss Amount and Bankruptcy Amount is
subject to further reduction as described in the Prospectus under
'Subordination.' The Special Hazard Amount, Fraud Loss Amount and Bankruptcy
Amount are determined separately for each Loan Group.
ADVANCES
Prior to each Distribution Date, the Master Servicer is required to make
Advances (out of its own funds, advances made by a Subservicer, or funds held in
the Custodial Account (as described in the Prospectus under 'Description of the
Certificates -- Withdrawals from the Custodial Account') for future distribution
or withdrawal) with respect to any payments of principal and interest (net of
the related Servicing Fees) that were due on the Mortgage Loans during the
related Due Period and not received on the business day next preceding the
related Determination Date.
Such Advances are required to be made only to the extent they are deemed by
the Master Servicer to be recoverable from related late collections, Insurance
Proceeds, or Liquidation Proceeds. The purpose of making such Advances is to
maintain a regular cash flow to the Certificateholders, rather than to guarantee
or insure against losses. The Master Servicer will not be required to make any
Advances with respect to reductions in the amount of the monthly payments on the
Mortgage Loans due to Debt Service Reductions or the application of the Relief
Act or similar legislation or regulations. In connection with the failure by the
related Mortgagor to make a Balloon Payment, to the extent deemed recoverable,
the Master Servicer will Advance the amount of the Monthly Payment for such
Balloon Loan immediately prior to the Balloon Payment. Any failure by the Master
Servicer to make an Advance as required under the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement will constitute an Event of Default thereunder, in which case the
Trustee, as successor Master Servicer, will be obligated to make any such
Advance, in accordance with the terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
All Advances will be reimbursable to the Master Servicer on a first
priority basis from late collections, Insurance Proceeds and Liquidation
Proceeds from the Mortgage Loan as to which such unreimbursed Advance was made.
In addition, any Advances previously made which are deemed by the Master
Servicer to be nonrecoverable from related late collections, Insurance Proceeds
and Liquidation Proceeds may be reimbursed to the Master Servicer out of any
funds in the Custodial Account prior to distributions on the Class A
Certificates.
YEAR 2000 CONSIDERATIONS
OVERVIEW OF THE YEAR 2000 ISSUE
The Year 2000 ('Y2K') issue is the term generally used to describe the
potential failure of information technology components on or after January 1,
2000 because existing computer programs, applications and microprocessors
frequently use only two digits to identify a year. Since the Year 2000 is also a
leap year, there could be additional business disruptions as a result of the
inability of many computer systems to recognize February 29, 2000.
The failure to correct or replace computer programs, applications and
microprocessors with Y2K-ready alternatives may adversely impact the operations
of Residential Funding on or after January 1, 2000. The responsibilities of
Residential Funding as the Master Servicer include collecting payments from the
Subservicers in respect of the Mortgage Loans, calculating the Available
Distribution Amounts for each Distribution Date, remitting such amount to the
Trustee prior to each Distribution Date, calculating the amount of principal and
interest payments to be made to the Certificateholders on each Distribution
Date, and preparing the monthly statement to be sent to Certificateholders on
each Distribution Date.
OVERVIEW OF RESIDENTIAL FUNDING'S Y2K PROJECT
In January 1997, Residential Funding commenced activities to determine the
impact of Y2K on its critical computer systems. In April 1998, Residential
Funding established a formal Y2K project team (the 'Y2K PROJECT TEAM') to
address Y2K issues. The Y2K Project Team remains in place and continues to work
on solving problems related to the Year 2000. In addition, the Y2K Project Team
coordinates its efforts with the Y2K programs established by General Motors
Acceptance Corporation and General Motors Corporation.
Members of the Y2K Project Team, together with relevant personnel from
Residential Funding's business units have developed and implemented a six-phase
management strategy (as discussed below), which is being
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applied to information technology and non-information technology components
('COMPONENTS') throughout the organization. Residential Funding's Components
primarily consist of the following:
hardware, including mainframe computers, desktop computers and network
devices;
facilities equipment, including elevators, telephone systems, heating
systems and security systems;
software applications, including vendor purchased applications, in-house
developed applications and end-user developed applications;
business partner communication links, which primarily provide data
transmissions to and from business partners; and
business partners data systems, which primarily process data for
Residential Funding.
The six phases by which the Y2K Project Team will seek to achieve Y2K
readiness throughout Residential Funding are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PHASE OBJECTIVE
- --------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Phase I -- Awareness......................... To promote Y2K awareness throughout Residential Funding.
Emphasis has been placed on ensuring that Components
recently purchased (or to be purchased) by business
units are Y2K-ready prior to the implementation of such
Components.
Phase II -- Inventory........................ To (i) create an inventory of all Components and (ii)
assess the Y2K risks associated with such Components.
Phase III -- Assessment...................... To (i) determine which Components are not Y2K-ready and
(ii) decide whether such Components should be replaced,
retired or repaired.
Phase IV -- Renovation....................... To execute Component replacement, retirement or repair
to ensure Y2K readiness.
Phase V -- Validation........................ To test Components that have been repaired to ensure Y2K
readiness and validate 'mission critical' Components
that were assessed as Y2K-ready in Phase III.
Phase VI -- Implementation................... To deploy repaired and validated Components.
</TABLE>
In order to execute the six-phase plan, a combination of internal resources
and external contractors have been, and will be, employed by the Y2K Project
Team.
Y2K Project Status
As of November 30, 1998, the Y2K Project Team had substantially completed
the six phases for internal 'mission critical' Components. However, several
software applications used by Residential Funding in its role as Master Servicer
are still in the final three phases of the six-phase management plan described
above. Residential Funding expects that all phases with respect to such
applications will be substantially completed by March 31, 1999.
The Y2K Project Team anticipates that its efforts with respect to all
internal Components will be substantially complete by March 31, 1999. This
includes substantial completion of (i) renovation and validation of any
non-mission critical Components that the Y2K Project Team and related business
units determine to be necessary, (ii) validation of any remaining 'mission
critical' Components that are either completing in-house remediation or waiting
for a vendor upgrade, and (iii) Y2K business continuity planning activities
discussed below.
The potential impact on Residential Funding of problems related to Y2K,
however, will not depend solely on the corrective measures undertaken by the Y2K
Project Team. The manner in which Y2K issues are addressed by business partners,
governmental agencies and other entities that provide data to, or receive data
from, Residential Funding, or whose financial condition or operational
capability is important to Residential Funding and its ability to act as Master
Servicer, will have a significant impact upon Residential Funding. These
entities include, among others, Subservicers, the Trustee, the Custodian and
certain depositary institutions, as
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well as their respective suppliers and vendors. Accordingly, Residential Funding
is communicating with certain of these parties to assess their Y2K readiness and
evaluate any potential impact on Residential Funding.
Due to the various dates by which Residential Funding's business partners
anticipate being Y2K-ready, it is expected that the Y2K Project Team will
continue to spend significant time assessing Y2K business partner issues
throughout 1999. Any business partner, including any Subservicer, the Trustee
and the Custodian, that (i) has not provided Residential Funding appropriate
documentation supporting its Y2K efforts, (ii) has not responded in a timely
manner to Residential Funding's inquiries regarding their Y2K efforts or (iii)
does not expect to be Y2K-ready until after June 30, 1999, has been, and will
be, placed in an 'at risk' category. Residential Funding will carefully monitor
the efforts and progress of its 'at risk' business partners, and if additional
steps are necessary Residential Funding will reassess the risk and act
accordingly.
During 1998, Residential Funding also commenced a formal business
continuity plan that is designed to address potential Y2K problems and other
possible disruptions. Residential Funding's business continuity plan has the
following four phases:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PHASE OBJECTIVE
- --------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Phase I -- Business Impact Assessment........ To assess the impact upon Residential Funding business
units if 'mission critical' Components were suddenly not
available or significantly impaired as a result of a
natural disaster or other type of disruption (including
as a result of Y2K).
Phase II -- Strategic Development............ To develop broad, strategic plans regarding the manner
in which Residential Funding will operate in the
aftermath of a natural disaster or other type of
disruption (including as a result of Y2K).
Phase III -- Business Continuity Planning.... To develop detailed procedures on how Residential
Funding and individual business units will continue to
operate in the aftermath of a natural disaster or other
type of disruption (including as a result of Y2K).
Phase IV -- Validation....................... To test the plans developed in Phases II and III above.
</TABLE>
As of December 15, 1998, Residential Funding had substantially completed
Phases I and II of its business continuity plan. Residential Funding anticipates
that Phase III will be substantially complete by March 31, 1999 and Phase IV
will be substantially complete by June 30, 1999.
RISKS RELATED TO Y2K
Although Residential Funding's remediation efforts are directed at
eliminating its Y2K exposure, there can be no assurance that these efforts will
fully mitigate the effect of all Y2K problems. If Residential Funding fails to
identify or correct any material Y2K problem, there could be significant
disruptions in its normal business operations. Such disruptions could have a
material adverse effect on Residential Funding's ability to (i) collect (and
monitor any Subservicer's collection of) payments on the Mortgage Loans, (ii)
distribute such collections to the Trustee and (iii) provide reports to
Certificateholders as set forth herein. Furthermore, if any Subservicer, the
Trustee or any other business partner or any of their respective vendors or
third-party service providers are not Y2K-ready, the ability to (a) service the
Mortgage Loans (in the case of any Subservicer or any of their respective
vendors or third-party service providers) and (b) make distributions to
Certificateholders (in the case of the Trustee or any of its vendors or
third-party service providers), may be materially and adversely affected.
This section entitled 'Year 2000 Considerations' contains 'forward-looking
statements' within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act. Generally,
all statements in this section that are not statements of historical fact are
forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements made in this Y2K
discussion are subject to certain risks and uncertainties. Important factors
that could cause results to differ materially from such forward-looking
statements include, among other things, the ability of Residential Funding to
successfully identify Components that may pose Y2K problems, the nature and
amount of programming required to fix the affected Components, the costs of
labor and consultants related to such efforts, the continued availability of
resources (both personnel and technology) and the ability of business partners
that interface with Residential Funding to successfully address their Y2K
issues.
S-55
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THE CREDIT ENHANCER
The following information has been supplied by Ambac Assurance Corporation
(the 'CREDIT ENHANCER' or the 'INSURER') for inclusion in this Prospectus
Supplement. No representation is made by the Company, the Master Servicer, the
Underwriter or any of their affiliates as to the accuracy or completeness of
such information.
The Credit Enhancer is a Wisconsin-domiciled stock insurance corporation
regulated by the Office of the Commissioner of Insurance of the State of
Wisconsin and licensed to do business in 50 states, the District of Columbia,
the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Territory of Guam. The Credit Enhancer
primarily insures newly issued municipal and structured finance obligations. The
Credit Enhancer is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ambac Financial Group, Inc.
(formerly, AMBAC, Inc.) a 100% publicly-held company. Standard & Poor's, Moody's
and Fitch have each assigned a triple-A financial strength rating to the Credit
Enhancer.
The consolidated financial statements of the Credit Enhancer and
subsidiaries as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, and for each of the years in the
three-year period ended December 31, 1998, prepared in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, included in the Current Report on Form 8-K of
Ambac Financial Group, Inc. (which was filed with the Commission on March 24,
1999; Commission File Number 1-10777) are hereby incorporated by reference into
this Prospectus Supplement and shall be deemed to be a part hereof. Any
statement contained in a document incorporated herein by reference shall be
modified or superseded for the purposes of this Prospectus Supplement to the
extent that a statement contained herein by reference herein also modifies or
supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be
deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this
Prospectus Supplement.
All financial statements of the Credit Enhancer and subsidiaries included
in documents filed by Ambac Financial Group, Inc. with the Commission pursuant
to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, subsequent to the date of this Prospectus Supplement and prior to the
termination of the offering of the Class A Certificates shall be deemed to be
incorporated by reference into this Prospectus Supplement and to be a part
hereof from the respective dates of filing such documents.
The following table sets forth the Credit Enhancer's capitalization as of
December 31, 1995, December 31, 1996, December 31, 1997 and December 31, 1998,
respectively, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
AMBAC ASSURANCE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION TABLE
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31,
1995 1996 1997 1998
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Unearned premiums..................................... $ 906 $ 995 $1,184 $1,303
Other liabilities..................................... 295 259 562 548
------ ------ ------ ------
Total liabilities................................ 1,201 1,254 1,746 1,851
------ ------ ------ ------
Stockholder's equity:(1)
Common Stock..................................... 82 82 82 82
Additional paid-in capital....................... 481 515 521 541
Accumulated other comprehensive income........... 87 66 118 138
Retained earnings................................ 907 992 1,180 1,405
------ ------ ------ ------
Total stockholder's equity....................... 1,557 1,655 1,901 2,166
------ ------ ------ ------
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity....... $2,758 $2,909 $3,647 $4,017
------ ------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Components of stockholder's equity have been restated for all periods
presented to reflect 'Accumulated other comprehensive income' in accordance
with the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130 'Reporting
Comprehensive Income' adopted by the Credit Enhancer effective January 1,
1998. As this new standard only requires additional information on the
financial statements, it does not affect the Credit Enhancer's financial
position or results of operations.
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<PAGE>
For additional financial information concerning the Credit Enhancer, see
the audited financial statements of the Credit Enhancer incorporated by
reference herein. Copies of the financial statements of the Credit Enhancer
incorporated herein by reference and copies of the Credit Enhancer's annual
statement for the year ended December 31, 1998 prepared in accordance with
statutory accounting standards are available, without charge, from the Credit
Enhancer. The address of the Credit Enhancer's administrative offices and its
telephone number are One State Street Plaza, 17th Floor, New York, New York
10004 and (212) 668-0340.
The Credit Enhancer makes no representation regarding the Class A
Certificates or the advisability of investing in the Class A Certificates and
makes no representation regarding, nor has it participated in the preparation
of, this Prospectus Supplement other than the information supplied by the Credit
Enhancer and presented under the headings 'The Credit Enhancer' and 'Description
of the Certificates -- Certificate Guaranty Insurance Policy' and in the
financial statements incorporated herein by reference.
CERTAIN YIELD AND PREPAYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL
The yields to maturity and the aggregate amount of distributions on the
Class A Certificates will be affected by the rate and timing of principal
payments on the Mortgage Loans and the amount and timing of Mortgagor defaults
resulting in Realized Losses. Such yields may be adversely affected by a higher
or lower than anticipated rate of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans. The
rate of principal payments on such Mortgage Loans will in turn be affected by
the amortization schedules of the Mortgage Loans, the rate and timing of
principal prepayments thereon by the Mortgagors, liquidations of defaulted
Mortgage Loans, purchases of Mortgage Loans due to certain breaches of
representations and warranties, the negative amortization feature of the
Negative Amortization Loans and purchases of Mortgage Loans due to certain
breaches of representations and warranties. The timing of changes in the rate of
prepayments, liquidations and purchases of the Mortgage Loans may, and the
timing of Realized Losses on the Mortgage Loans will, significantly affect the
yield to an investor in the Class A Certificates, even if the average rate of
principal payments experienced over time is consistent with an investor's
expectation. In addition, the rate of prepayments of the Mortgage Loans and the
yield to investors on the related Certificates may be affected by certain
refinancing programs, which may include general or targeted solicitations, as
described under 'Maturity and Prepayment Considerations' in the Prospectus.
Since the rate and timing of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans will
depend on future events and on a variety of factors (as described herein and in
the Prospectus under 'Yield Considerations' and 'Maturity and Prepayment
Considerations'), no assurance can be given as to such rate or the timing of
principal payments on the Class A Certificates. The yield to maturity on the
Class A Certificates will depend primary on cash flows on the Mortgage Loans in
the related Loan Group; however, cash flow from the Mortgage Loans in the
non-related Loan Group may be available for distributions on the Class A
Certificates in certain circumstances.
The Class A-I Certificates and Class A-II Certificates will receive
distributions with respect to principal and interest primarily from collections
on the Group I Loans and Group II Loans, respectively. In certain situations,
(i) the Group I Excess Cash Flow will be available to make payments to holders
of Class A-II Certificates in respect of Realized Losses incurred on the Group
II Loans, Prepayment Interest Shortfalls related to the Group II Loans (to the
extent not covered by Eligible Master Servicing Compensation and Group II Excess
Cash Flow) and Basis Risk Shortfalls (to the extent not covered by Group II
Excess Cash Flow) and (ii) the Group II Excess Cash Flow will be available to
make payments to holders of Class A-I Certificates in respect of Realized Losses
incurred on the Group I Loans and Prepayment Interest Shortfalls related to the
Group I Loans (to the extent not covered by Eligible Master Servicing
Compensation and Group I Excess Cash Flow). In addition, in certain
circumstances, Group I Excess Cash Flow and Group II Excess Cash Flow will be
used to pay principal on the non-related Class A Certificates. Except as
described in the two preceding sentences, the Class A-I Certificates and Class
A-II Certificates will receive distributions with respect to principal and
interest solely from collections on the Mortgage Loans in the related Loan
Group.
Investors in the Class A-II Certificates should be aware that the
prepayment of the Group II Loans with higher Maximum Net Mortgage Rates or Group
II Fixed Rate Loans with higher Net Mortgage Rates may result in a lower Maximum
Class A-II Rate.
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<PAGE>
The interest rates on the Group II Loans adjust annually or semi-annually
based upon the related Index, whereas the Pass-Through Rate on the Class A-II
Certificates adjusts monthly based upon One-Month LIBOR as described under
'Description of the Certificates -- Determination of One-Month LIBOR' herein,
subject to the Maximum Class A-II Rate. Consequently, the interest that becomes
due on the Group II Loans during the related Due Period may not equal the amount
of interest that would accrue at One-Month LIBOR plus the Class A-II Margin on
the Class A-II Certificates during the related Interest Accrual Period. In
particular, because the Pass-Through Rate on the Class A-II Certificates will
adjust monthly, while the interest rates of the Group II Loans will adjust
semi-annually or annually (and in some cases, not at all or only after the
expiration of the related fixed rate period), subject to any applicable Periodic
Cap, Maximum Mortgage Rate or Minimum Mortgage Rate, in a rising interest rate
environment, the sum of One-Month LIBOR plus the Class A-II Margin spread may be
greater than the weighted average of the Net Mortgage Rates on the Group II
Loans as of the first day of the calendar month in which the Interest Accrual
Period begins, possibly resulting in Basis Risk Shortfalls to holders of the
Class A-II Certificates. Any Basis Risk Shortfalls are payable only to the
extent of Group II Excess Cash Flow and Group I Excess Cash Flow (in each case
to the extent available therefor) and may remain unpaid on the final
Distribution Date. In addition, each of the Indices and One-Month LIBOR may
respond to different economic and market factors, and there is not necessarily a
correlation between any of the Indices and One-Month LIBOR. Thus, it is
possible, for example, that One-Month LIBOR may rise during periods in which the
Indices are stable or are falling or that, even if One-Month LIBOR and the
Indices rise during the same period, One-Month LIBOR may rise more rapidly than
the Indices, potentially resulting in the Maximum Class A-II Rate being lower
than One-Month LIBOR plus the Class A-II Margin during the related Interest
Accrual Period, resulting in shortfalls that are not due to be paid on
subsequent Distribution Dates.
The amount of Group I Excess Cash Flow may be adversely affected by the
prepayment of Group I Loans with higher Mortgage Rates. Any such reduction will
reduce the amount of Group I Excess Cash Flow that is available to cover
Realized Losses, increase overcollateralization on the Class A-I Certificates
and cover Group I Prepayment Interest Shortfalls, Group II Prepayment Interest
Shortfalls and Basis Risk Shortfalls, in each case to the extent and in the
manner described herein. See 'Description of the Mortgage
Pool -- General -- Group I Loans,' 'Description of the
Certificates -- Overcollateralization Provisions' and ' -- Allocation of
Realized Losses' herein.
The Mortgage Loans generally may be prepaid by the Mortgagors at any time
without payment of any prepayment fee or penalty. The Mortgage Loans generally
contain due-on-sale clauses. The Mortgage Loans (except for the Convertible
Mortgage Loans) generally are assumable under certain circumstances if, in the
sole judgment of the Master Servicer or Subservicer, the prospective purchaser
of a Mortgaged Property is creditworthy and the security for such Mortgage Loan
is not impaired by the assumption. The Convertible Mortgage Loans are not
assumable if the related Mortgagor has exercised its option to convert such
Mortgage Loan into a Group II Loan, in which case the Mortgage Note with respect
to such mortgage loan would generally contain a customary 'due on sale'
provision. Prepayments, liquidations and purchases of the Mortgage Loans will
result in distributions to holders of the related Class A Certificates of
principal amounts which would otherwise be distributed over the remaining terms
of the Mortgage Loans. Factors affecting prepayment (including defaults and
liquidations) of mortgage loans include changes in mortgagors' housing needs,
job transfers, unemployment, mortgagors' net equity in the mortgaged properties,
changes in the value of the mortgaged properties, mortgage market interest
rates, solicitations and servicing decisions. In addition, if prevailing
mortgage rates fell significantly below the Mortgage Rates on the Mortgage
Loans, the rate of prepayments (including refinancings) would be expected to
increase. Conversely, if prevailing mortgage rates rose significantly above the
Mortgage Rates on the Mortgage Loans, the rate of prepayments on the Mortgage
Loans would be expected to decrease.
To accommodate changes in the interest portion of the monthly payment due
on each Negative Amortization Loan resulting from monthly changes in the
Mortgage Rate, the monthly payment will be adjusted annually on each Payment
Adjustment Date, subject to the Payment Cap, from that in effect immediately
prior to such Payment Adjustment Date, except as otherwise provided under
'Description of the Mortgage Pool -- Negative Amortization Loans' herein.
However, due to the Payment Cap and the fact that the Mortgage Rates on the
Negative Amortization Loans are subject to change monthly while the monthly
payments due thereon are only subject to change annually, the portion of each
monthly payment allocated to interest and that allocated to principal could vary
significantly. If an adjustment of the Mortgage Rate on any Negative
Amortization Loan results in Deferred Interest, such Deferred Interest will be
added to the principal balance of the Negative
S-58
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<PAGE>
Amortization Loan, resulting in negative amortization. If an adjustment to the
Mortgage Rate on any Negative Amortization Loan causes the amount of the accrued
interest to exceed the scheduled interest component of the monthly payment and
to be less than the entire monthly payment, the principal balance will not be
reduced in accordance with a fully amortizing schedule, and therefore reduced
amortization will result. If an adjustment to the Mortgage Rate on any Negative
Amortization Loan causes the amount of interest accrued in any month to be less
than the scheduled interest component of the then current monthly payment, such
excess will be applied to reduce the outstanding principal balance on the
related Negative Amortization Loan, thereby resulting in accelerated
amortization of such Negative Amortization Loan.
Several factors contribute to the increased risk of default in connection
with negatively amortizing mortgage loans. The outstanding principal balance of
a mortgage loan which is subject to negative amortization increases by the
amount of interest which is deferred as herein described. During periods in
which the outstanding principal balance of a Negative Amortization Loan is
increasing due to the addition of Deferred Interest thereto, such increasing
principal balance of the Negative Amortization Loan may approach or exceed the
value of the related Mortgaged Property, thus increasing the likelihood of
defaults as well as the amount of any loss experienced with respect to any such
Negative Amortization Loan that is required to be liquidated. Additionally,
although increases in the amount of the related monthly payments are subject to
Payment Caps, such Payment Caps are not in effect on any of the Recast Dates, as
described herein, or when the outstanding principal balance exceeds the Negative
Amortization Cap, in which cases the monthly payment for each such Negative
Amortization Loan will be recalculated to equal an amount which would be
sufficient to fully amortize such Negative Amortization Loan over its remaining
term at the Mortgage Rate as adjusted on the immediately preceding Rate
Adjustment Date. The amount of such increased monthly payment may be
substantially higher than the monthly payment in effect prior to such
recalculation and the repayment of the Negative Amortization Loans will be
dependent on the ability of the Mortgagor to make such larger monthly payments.
Furthermore, each Negative Amortization Loan provides for the payment of any
remaining unamortized principal balance of such Negative Amortization Loan (due
to the addition of Deferred Interest, if any, to the principal balance of such
Negative Amortization Loan) in a single payment at the maturity of the Negative
Amortization Loan. Because the Mortgagors may be so required to make a larger
single payment upon maturity, it is possible that the default risk associated
with the Negative Amortization Loans is greater then that associated with fully
amortizing mortgage loans.
The Convertible Mortgage Loans provide that the Mortgagors may, during a
specified period of time, convert the adjustable interest rate of such Mortgage
Loans to a fixed interest rate. The Company is not aware of any publicly
available statistics that set forth principal prepayment or conversion
experience or conversion forecasts of adjustable-rate mortgage loans over an
extended period of time, and its experience with respect to adjustable-rate
mortgages is insufficient to draw any conclusions with respect to the expected
prepayment or conversion rates on the Convertible Mortgage Loans. As is the case
with conventional, fixed-rate mortgage loans originated in a high interest rate
environment which may be subject to a greater rate of principal prepayments when
interest rates decrease, adjustable-rate mortgage loans may be subject to a
greater rate of principal prepayments (or purchases by the related Subservicer
or the Master Servicer) due to their refinancing or conversion to fixed interest
rate loans in a low interest rate environment. For example, if prevailing
interest rates fall significantly, adjustable-rate mortgage loans could be
subject to higher prepayment and conversion rates than if prevailing interest
rates remain constant because the availability of fixed-rate or other
adjustable-rate mortgage loans at competitive interest rates may encourage
Mortgagors to refinance their adjustable-rate mortgages to 'lock in' a lower
fixed interest rate or to take advantage of the availability of such other
adjustable-rate mortgage loans, or, in the case of convertible adjustable-rate
mortgage loans, to exercise their option to convert the adjustable interest
rates to fixed interest rates. The conversion feature may also be exercised in a
rising interest rate environment as Mortgagors attempt to limit their risk of
higher rates. Such a rising interest rate environment may also result in an
increase in the rate of defaults on the Mortgage Loans. As a result of the
Mortgagor's exercise of the conversion option, the Group II Loans will include
fixed-rate Mortgage Loans.
The rate of defaults on the Mortgage Loans will also affect the rate and
timing of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans. In general, defaults on
mortgage loans are expected to occur with greater frequency in their early
years. The rate of default on Mortgage Loans which are refinance or limited
documentation mortgage loans, and on Mortgage Loans with high Loan-to-Value
Ratios, may be higher than for other types of Mortgage Loans. Furthermore, the
rate and timing of prepayments, defaults and liquidations on the Mortgage Loans
will be affected by the general economic condition of the region of the country
in which the related Mortgaged
S-59
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<PAGE>
Properties are located. The risk of delinquencies and loss is greater and
prepayments are less likely in regions where a weak or deteriorating economy
exists, as may be evidenced by, among other factors, increasing unemployment or
falling property values. See 'Maturity and Prepayment Considerations' in the
Prospectus. In addition, because borrowers of Balloon Mortgage Loans are
required to make a relatively large single payment upon maturity, it is possible
that the default risk associated with Balloon Mortgage Loans is greater than
that associated with fully-amortizing mortgage loans. See 'Risk Factors' herein.
The amount of interest otherwise payable to holders of the Class A
Certificates will be reduced by any interest shortfalls on the related Mortgage
Loans to the extent not covered by Subordination or by the Master Servicer in
each case as described herein, including Prepayment Interest Shortfalls and, in
the case of the Class A-II Certificates, Basis Risk Shortfall. Such shortfalls
will not be offset by a reduction in the Servicing Fees payable to the Master
Servicer or otherwise, except as described herein with respect to certain
Prepayment Interest Shortfalls. See 'Yield Considerations' in the Prospectus and
'Description of the Certificates -- Interest Distributions' herein for a
discussion of the effect of principal prepayments on the Mortgage Loans on the
yield to maturity of the related Class A Certificates and certain possible
shortfalls in the collection of interest.
In addition, the yield to maturity on the Class A Certificates will depend
on, among other things, the price paid by the holders of the Class A
Certificates and the related Pass-Through Rate. The extent to which the yield to
maturity of a Class A Certificate is sensitive to prepayments will depend, in
part, upon the degree to which it is purchased at a discount or premium. In
general, if a Class A Certificate is purchased at a premium and principal
distributions thereon occur at a rate faster than assumed at the time of
purchase, the investor's actual yield to maturity will be lower than that
anticipated at the time of purchase. Conversely, if a Class A Certificate is
purchased at a discount and principal distributions thereon occur at a rate
slower than assumed at the time of purchase, the investor's actual yield to
maturity will be lower than that anticipated at the time of purchase. For
additional considerations relating to the yield on the Certificates, see 'Yield
Considerations' and 'Maturity and Prepayment Considerations' in the Prospectus.
Because the Mortgage Rates on the Group I Loans and the Pass-Through Rates
on the Class A-I Certificates are generally fixed, such rates will not change in
response to changes in market interest rates. Accordingly, if market interest
rates or market yields for securities similar to the Class A-I Certificates were
to rise, the market value of such Certificates may decline. In addition, the
Pass-Through Rates on the Class A-I Certificates are subject to a cap equal to
the weighted average of the net mortgage rates on the Group I Loans. Therefore,
the prepayment of the Group I Loans with higher Mortgage Rates may result in a
lower Pass-Through Rate on the Class A-I Certificates. The yield to investors on
the Class A-II Certificates will be sensitive to fluctuations in the level of
One-Month LIBOR and may be adversely affected by the application of the Maximum
Class A-II Rate. The prepayment of the Mortgage Loans with higher Mortgage Rates
may result in a lower Maximum Class A-II Rate. Investors in the Class A-II
Certificates should also be aware that although the Mortgage Rates on the
adjustable rate Group II Loans will adjust periodically, such increases and
decreases will be limited by the Periodic Rate Caps, Maximum Mortgage Rates and
Minimum Mortgage Rates thereon. In addition, the Mortgage Rates on the
adjustable rate Group II Loans will be based on the related Index (which may not
rise and fall consistently with prevailing mortgage rates) plus the related Note
Margin (which may be different from the prevailing margins on other mortgage
loans). As a result, the Mortgage Rates on the Group II Loans at any time may
not equal the prevailing rates for other adjustable rate mortgage loans and the
rate of prepayment may be lower or higher than would otherwise be anticipated.
Assumed Final Distribution Date: The assumed final Distribution Date with
respect to the Class A-I Certificates is October 25, 2029, which is the
Distribution Date following the latest scheduled maturity date for any Group I
Loan. The assumed final Distribution Date with respect to the Class A-II
Certificates is February 25, 2029, which is the Distribution Date following the
latest scheduled maturity date for any Group II Loan. No event of default under
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement will arise or become applicable solely by
reason of the failure to retire the entire Certificate Principal Balance of any
class of Class A Certificates on or before its assumed related final
Distribution Date.
Weighted Average Life. Weighted average life refers to the average amount
of time that will elapse from the date of issuance of a security to the date of
distribution to the investor of each dollar distributed in reduction of
principal of such security (assuming no losses). The weighted average life of
the Class A Certificates will be influenced by, among other things, the rate at
which principal of the related Mortgage Loans is paid, which may be in the form
of scheduled amortization, prepayments or liquidations.
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<PAGE>
The prepayment model used in this Prospectus Supplement (the 'CPR'),
assumes that the outstanding principal balance of the Group I Loans and the
Group II Loans prepays at a constant annual rate of 18% CPR and 30% CPR,
respectively. In generating monthly cash flows, this rate is converted to an
equivalent constant monthly rate. To assume a 18% CPR or 30% CPR or any other
CPR percentage is to assume that the stated percentage of the outstanding
principal balance of the related Loan Group is prepaid over the course of a
year. No representation is made that the Mortgage Loans will prepay at that or
any other rate.
The table set forth below has been prepared on the basis of certain
assumptions as described below regarding the weighted average characteristics of
the Mortgage Loans that are expected to be included in the Trust Fund as
described under 'Description of the Mortgage Pool' herein and the performance
thereof. The table assumes, among other things, that: (i) as of the date of
issuance of the Class A Certificates, the Mortgage Loans have the
characteristics of the hypothetical Mortgage Loans described in Appendix A
hereto; (ii) the scheduled monthly payment for each Mortgage Loan has been based
on its outstanding balance, interest rate and remaining term to maturity (or
remaining amortization term, with respect to a Balloon Loan) such that the
Mortgage Loan will amortize in amounts sufficient for repayment thereof over its
remaining term to maturity; (iii) none of the Unaffiliated Sellers, the Master
Servicer or the Company will repurchase any Mortgage Loan, as described under
'The Trust Funds -- Representations with Respect to Mortgage Collateral' and
'Description of the Certificates -- Assignment of Mortgage Loans' in the
Prospectus, and neither the Master Servicer nor the Company exercises any option
to purchase the Mortgage Loans and thereby cause a termination of the Trust
Fund; (iv) all delinquencies of payments due on or prior to the Cut-off Date are
brought current, and thereafter there are no delinquencies or Realized Losses on
the Mortgage Loans, and principal payments on the Mortgage Loans will be timely
received together with prepayments, if any, at the respective constant
percentages of the Prepayment Assumption set forth in the table; (v) there is no
Prepayment Interest Shortfall or any other interest shortfall in any month;
(vi) payments on the Certificates will be received on the 25th day of each
month, commencing in April 1999; (vii) payments on the Mortgage Loans earn no
reinvestment return; (viii) there are no additional ongoing Trust Fund expenses
payable out of the Trust Fund; and (ix) the Certificates will be purchased on
March 30, 1999 (collectively, the 'STRUCTURING ASSUMPTIONS').
The actual characteristics and performance of the Mortgage Loans will
differ from the assumptions used in constructing the table set forth below,
which is hypothetical in nature and is provided only to give a sense of how the
principal cash flows might behave under varying prepayment scenarios. For
example, it is very unlikely that the Mortgage Loans will prepay at a constant
percentage of the Prepayment Assumption until maturity or that all of the
Mortgage Loans will prepay at the same rate of prepayment. Moreover, the diverse
remaining terms to stated maturity and Mortgage Rates of the Mortgage Loans
could produce slower or faster principal distributions than indicated in the
table at the various constant percentages of the Prepayment Assumption
specified, even if the weighted average remaining term to stated maturity and
Mortgage Rates of the Mortgage Loans in such Mortgage Pool are as assumed. Any
difference between such assumptions and the actual characteristics and
performance of the Mortgage Loans, or actual prepayment experience, will affect
the percentages of initial Certificate Principal Balances of the related
Certificates outstanding over time and the weighted average lives of the Class A
Certificates.
Subject to the foregoing discussion and assumptions, the following table
indicates the weighted average life of the Class A Certificates, and sets forth
the percentages of the initial Certificate Principal Balance of the Class A
Certificates that would be outstanding after each of the dates shown at various
percentages of the Prepayment Assumption.
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<PAGE>
PERCENT OF INITIAL CERTIFICATE PRINCIPAL BALANCE OUTSTANDING OF THE CLASS A
CERTIFICATES AT THE
FOLLOWING CONSTANT PERCENTAGES OF CPR
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS A-I-1 CLASS A-I-2
------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
CPR 0% 10% 18% 25% 35% 0% 10% 18% 25% 35%
- --------------------------------------- ---- --- --- --- --- ---- --- --- --- ---
DISTRIBUTION DATE
- ---------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Initial Percentage..................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
March 2000............................. 94 77 62 50 33 100 100 100 100 100
March 2001............................. 91 58 34 15 0 100 100 100 100 65
March 2002............................. 88 41 11 0 0 100 100 100 64 0
March 2003............................. 84 27 0 0 0 100 100 76 1 0
March 2004............................. 78 12 0 0 0 100 100 23 0 0
March 2005............................. 74 * 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0
March 2006............................. 69 0 0 0 0 100 67 0 0 0
March 2007............................. 64 0 0 0 0 100 35 0 0 0
March 2008............................. 59 0 0 0 0 100 8 0 0 0
March 2009............................. 53 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
March 2010............................. 47 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
March 2011............................. 43 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
March 2012............................. 32 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
March 2013............................. 27 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
March 2014............................. 22 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
March 2015............................. 16 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
March 2016............................. 10 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
March 2017............................. 4 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0
March 2018............................. 0 0 0 0 0 89 0 0 0 0
March 2019............................. 0 0 0 0 0 62 0 0 0 0
March 2020............................. 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0
March 2021............................. 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
March 2022............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
March 2023............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
March 2024............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
March 2025............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
March 2026............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
March 2027............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
March 2028............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
March 2029............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Weighted Average Life in Years**....... 10.1 2.7 1.6 1.1 0.8 20.4 7.6 4.5 3.2 2.2
</TABLE>
- ------------
* Indicates a number that is greater than zero but less than 0.5%.
** The weighted average life of a Certificate is determined by (i) multiplying
the net reduction, if any, of the Certificate Principal Balance by the number
of years from the date of issuance of the Certificate to the related
Distribution Date, (ii) adding the results, and (iii) dividing the sum by the
aggregate of the net reductions of the Certificate Principal Balance
Described in (i) above.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN PREPARED BASED ON THE STRUCTURING ASSUMPTIONS (INCLUDING THE
ASSUMPTIONS REGARDING THE CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS
WHICH DIFFER FROM THE ACTUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE THEREOF) AND SHOULD
BE READ IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH.
S-62
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<PAGE>
PERCENT OF INITIAL CERTIFICATE PRINCIPAL BALANCE OUTSTANDING OF THE CLASS A
CERTIFICATES AT THE
FOLLOWING CONSTANT PERCENTAGES OF CPR
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS A-I-3 CLASS A-II
------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
CPR 0% 10% 18% 25% 35% 0% 20% 30% 40% 50%
- --------------------------------------- ---- ---- --- --- --- ---- --- --- --- ---
DISTRIBUTION DATE
- ---------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Initial Percentage..................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
March 2000............................. 100 100 100 100 100 97 77 66 56 46
March 2001............................. 100 100 100 100 100 95 59 45 33 21
March 2002............................. 100 100 100 100 89 93 46 31 19 11
March 2003............................. 100 100 100 100 57 91 36 21 11 5
March 2004............................. 100 100 100 72 35 89 28 14 7 2
March 2005............................. 100 100 90 53 22 86 22 10 4 1
March 2006............................. 100 100 72 38 13 84 17 7 2 *
March 2007............................. 100 100 57 28 8 81 13 4 1 0
March 2008............................. 100 100 45 20 4 78 10 3 * 0
March 2009............................. 100 90 36 14 2 74 8 2 0 0
March 2010............................. 100 78 28 9 * 71 6 1 0 0
March 2011............................. 100 68 22 6 0 67 4 * 0 0
March 2012............................. 100 56 16 4 0 63 3 * 0 0
March 2013............................. 100 48 12 2 0 58 2 0 0 0
March 2014............................. 100 41 9 1 0 53 2 0 0 0
March 2015............................. 100 35 7 * 0 48 1 0 0 0
March 2016............................. 100 30 5 0 0 43 1 0 0 0
March 2017............................. 100 25 3 0 0 39 * 0 0 0
March 2018............................. 100 20 2 0 0 33 * 0 0 0
March 2019............................. 100 16 1 0 0 28 0 0 0 0
March 2020............................. 100 12 * 0 0 22 0 0 0 0
March 2021............................. 100 9 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0
March 2022............................. 82 6 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0
March 2023............................. 61 3 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0
March 2024............................. 38 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0
March 2025............................. 12 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
March 2026............................. 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
March 2027............................. 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
March 2028............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
March 2029............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Weighted Average Life in Years**....... 24.4 14.9 9.6 7.0 4.8 14.9 3.8 2.5 1.8 1.3
</TABLE>
- ------------
* Indicates a number that is greater than zero but less than 0.5%.
** The weighted average life of a Certificate is determined by (i) multiplying
the net reduction, if any, of the Certificate Principal Balance by the number
of years from the date of issuance of the Certificate to the related
Distribution Date, (ii) adding the results, and (iii) dividing the sum by the
aggregate of the net reductions of the Certificate Principal Balance
Described in (i) above.
THIS TABLE HAS BEEN PREPARED BASED ON THE STRUCTURING ASSUMPTIONS (INCLUDING THE
ASSUMPTIONS REGARDING THE CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS
WHICH DIFFER FROM THE ACTUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE THEREOF) AND SHOULD
BE READ IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH.
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<PAGE>
For additional considerations relating to the yield on the Certificates,
see 'Yield Considerations' and 'Maturity and Prepayment Considerations' in the
Prospectus.
POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT
GENERAL
The Certificates will be issued pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement dated as of March 1, 1999, among the Company, the Master Servicer and
The First National Bank of Chicago, as Trustee. Reference is made to the
Prospectus for important information in addition to that set forth herein
regarding the terms and conditions of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement and
the Class A Certificates. The Trustee, or any of its affiliates, in its
individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of
Certificates with the same rights as it would have if it were not Trustee. The
Trustee will appoint Norwest Bank Minnesota, National Association to serve as
Custodian in connection with the Certificates. The Class A Certificates will be
transferable and exchangeable at the corporate trust office of the Trustee,
which will serve as Certificate Registrar and Paying Agent. The Company will
provide a prospective or actual Certificateholder, without charge, on written
request, a copy (without exhibits) of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
Requests should be addressed to the President, Residential Asset Securities
Corporation, 8400 Normandale Lake Boulevard, Suite 600, Minneapolis, Minnesota
55437. In addition to the circumstances described in the Prospectus, the Company
may terminate the Trustee for cause under certain circumstances. See 'The
Pooling and Servicing Agreement -- The Trustee' in the Prospectus.
THE MASTER SERVICER
Residential Funding, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of GMAC Mortgage
Group, Inc. and an affiliate of the Company, will act as master servicer for the
Certificates pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. For a general
description of Residential Funding and its activities, see 'Residential Funding
Corporation' in the Prospectus and 'Description of the Mortgage
Pool -- Residential Funding' herein.
The following table sets forth certain information concerning the
delinquency experience (including pending foreclosures) on one- to four-family
residential mortgage loans that generally complied with Residential Funding's
AlterNet Mortgage Program at the time of purchase by Residential Funding and
were being master serviced by Residential Funding on December 31, 1996, December
31, 1997 and September 30, 1998. Due to the substantial differences between the
types of loans included in the Mortgage Pool and the AlterNet Program loans,
there can be no assurance that the information set forth below will be
representative of the delinquency and loss experience of the Mortgage Loans.
As used herein, a loan is considered to be '30 to 59 days' or '30 or more
days' delinquent when a payment due on any due date remains unpaid as of the
close of business on the next following monthly due date. However, since the
determination as to whether a loan falls into this category is made as of the
close of business on the last business day of each month, a loan with a payment
due on September 1 that remained unpaid as of the close of business on September
30 would still be considered current as of September 30. If that payment
remained unpaid as of the close of business on October 31, the loan would then
be considered to be 30 to 59 days delinquent as of the Cut-off Date. Delinquency
information presented herein as of the Cut-off Date is determined and prepared
as of the close of business on the last business day immediately prior to the
Cut-off Date.
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<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TOTAL LOAN PORTFOLIO DELINQUENCY EXPERIENCE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT DECEMBER 31, 1996 AT DECEMBER 31, 1997 AT DECEMBER 31, 1998
----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
BY NO. BY DOLLAR BY NO. BY DOLLAR BY NO. BY DOLLAR
OF AMOUNT OF AMOUNT OF AMOUNT
LOANS OF LOANS LOANS OF LOANS LOANS OF LOANS
--------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN (DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN (DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN
THOUSANDS) THOUSANDS) THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Total Loan Portfolio.......... 11,008 $1,266,361 20,758 $2,201,668 57,562 $5,370,940
Period of Delinquency
31 to 59 days............ 154 18,722 397 41,416 1,442 135,153
60 to 89 days............ 34 4,134 106 9,836 621 60,031
90 days or more(1)....... 29 2,623 70 6,325 990 83,139
Foreclosures Pending.......... 259 32,557 720 83,363 1,062 110,238
------ ---------- ------- ---------- ------ ----------
Total Delinquent Loans........ 476 $ 58,036 1,293 $ 140,940 4,115 $ 388,561
------ ---------- ------- ---------- ------ ----------
------ ---------- ------- ---------- ------ ----------
Percent of Loan Portfolio..... 4.32% 4.58% 6.23% 6.40% 7.149% 7.235%
</TABLE>
The following table sets forth certain information concerning foreclosed
mortgage loans and loan loss experience of Residential Funding as of December
31, 1996, December 31, 1997 and December 31, 1998, with respect to the mortgage
loans referred to above. For purposes of the following table, Average Portfolio
Balance for the period indicated is based on end of month balances divided by
the number of months in the period indicated, the Foreclosed Loans Ratio is
equal to the aggregate principal balance of Foreclosed Loans divided by the
Total Loan Portfolio at the end of the indicated period, and the Gross Loss
Ratios and Net Loss Ratios are computed by dividing the Gross Loss or Net Loss
respectively during the period indicated by the Average Portfolio Balance during
such period.
TOTAL LOAN PORTFOLIO FORECLOSURE EXPERIENCE(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AT OR FOR AT OR FOR AT OR FOR
THE YEAR ENDED THE YEAR ENDED THE YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 1996 DECEMBER 31, 1997 DECEMBER 31, 1998
----------------- ----------------- ------------------
(DOLLAR AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Total Loan Portfolio.................................. $ 1,266,361 $ 2,201,668 $5,370,940
Average Portfolio Balance............................. $ 922,437 $ 1,893,046 $3,358,709
Foreclosed Loans(2)................................... $ 8,734 $ 17,532 $ 28,417
Liquidated Foreclosed Loans(3)........................ $ 10,694 $ 23,567 $ 42,653
Foreclosed Loans Ratio................................ 0.690% 0.796% 0.529%
Gross Loss(4)......................................... $ 2,963 $ 5,371 $ 10,388
Gross Loss Ratio...................................... 0.321% 0.284% 0.309%
Covered Loss(5)....................................... $ 2,131 $ 3,648 $ 8,717
Net Loss(6)........................................... $ 832 $ 1,723 $ 1,670
Net Loss Ratio........................................ 0.090% 0.091% 0.050%
Excess Recovery(7).................................... $ 0 $ 121 $ 137
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) The tables relate only to the mortgage loans referred to above.
(2) For purposes of these tables, Foreclosed Loans includes the principal
balance of mortgage loans secured by mortgaged properties the title to which
has been acquired by Residential Funding, by investors or by an insurer
following foreclosure or delivery of a deed in lieu of foreclosure and which
had not been liquidated by the end of the period indicated.
(3) Liquidated Foreclosed Loans is the sum of the principal balances of the
foreclosed loans liquidated during the period indicated.
(4) Gross Loss is the sum of gross losses less net gains (Excess Recoveries) on
all Mortgage Loans liquidated during the period indicated. Gross Loss for
any Mortgage Loan is equal to the difference between (a) the principal
balance plus accrued interest plus all liquidation expenses related to such
Mortgage Loan and (b) all amounts received in connection with the
liquidation of the related Mortgaged Property, excluding amounts received
from mortgage pool or special hazard insurance or other forms of credit
enhancement, as
(footnotes continued on next page)
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<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(footnotes continued from previous page)
described in footnote (4) below. Net gains from the liquidation of mortgage
loans are identified in footnote (6) below.
(5) Covered Loss, for the period indicated, is equal to the aggregate of all
proceeds received in connection with liquidated Mortgage Loans from mortgage
pool insurance, special hazard insurance (but not including primary mortgage
insurance, hazard insurance or other insurance available for specific
mortgaged properties) or other insurance as well as all proceeds received
from or losses borne by other credit enhancement, including subordinate
certificates.
(6) Net Loss is determined by subtracting Covered Loss from Gross Loss. As is
the case in footnote (3) above, Net Loss indicated here may reflect Excess
Recovery (see footnote (6) below). Net Loss includes losses on mortgage loan
pools which do not have the benefit of credit enhancement.
(7) Excess Recovery is calculated only with respect to defaulted Mortgage Loans
as to which the liquidation of the related Mortgaged Property resulted in
recoveries in excess of the principal balance plus accrued interest thereon
plus all liquidation expenses related to such Mortgage Loan. Excess
recoveries are not applied to reinstate any credit enhancement, and
generally are not allocated to holders of Certificates.
------------------------
There can be no assurance that the delinquency and foreclosure experience
set forth above will be representative of the results that may be experienced
with respect to the Mortgage Loans.
SERVICING AND OTHER COMPENSATION AND PAYMENT OF EXPENSES
The Servicing Fee for each Mortgage Loan is payable out of the interest
payments on such Mortgage Loan. The Servicing Fee Rate in respect of each
Mortgage Loan will be at least 0.05% per annum of the outstanding principal
balance of such Mortgage Loan. The Servicing Fee consists of (a) servicing
compensation payable to the Master Servicer in respect of its master servicing
activities, and (b) subservicing and other related compensation payable to the
related primary servicer or Subservicer, as applicable (including such
compensation paid to the Master Servicer as the direct servicer of a Mortgage
Loan for which there is no primary servicer or Subservicer). The primary
compensation to be paid to the Master Servicer in respect of its master
servicing activities will be 0.05% per annum of the outstanding principal
balance of each Mortgage Loan. The primary servicer or Subservicer, as
applicable, is entitled to servicing compensation in a minimum amount ranging
from 0.00% to 2.875% per annum of the outstanding principal balance of each
Mortgage Loan serviced by it. As of the Cut-off Date, the weighted average of
the Servicing Fee Rates for the Mortgage Loans is approximately 0.3961% per
annum. The Master Servicer is obligated to pay certain ongoing expenses
associated with the Trust Fund and incurred by the Master Servicer in connection
with its responsibilities under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. See
'Description of the Certificates -- Spread' and ' -- Withdrawals from the
Custodial Account' in the Prospectus for information regarding other possible
compensation to the Master Servicer and the primary servicer or Subservicer, as
applicable, and for information regarding expenses payable by the Master
Servicer.
VOTING RIGHTS
Certain actions specified in the Prospectus that may be taken by holders of
Certificates evidencing a specified percentage of all undivided interests in the
Trust Fund may be taken by holders of Certificates entitled in the aggregate to
such percentage of the Voting Rights. 97% of all Voting Rights will be allocated
among all holders of the Class A Certificates in proportion to their then
outstanding Certificate Principal Balances, 1% and 1%, respectively, of all
voting Rights will be allocated among the holders of the Class SB-I Certificates
and Class SB-II Certificates, and 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.25% and 0.25% of all Voting
Rights will be allocated to holders of the Class R-I, Class R-II, Class R-III
and Class R-IV Certificates, respectively, in proportion to the Percentage
Interests (as defined in the Prospectus) evidenced by their Certificates. So
long as there does not exist a failure by the Insurer to make a required payment
under the Policy (such event, a 'CERTIFICATE INSURER DEFAULT'), the Insurer
shall have the right to exercise all rights of the holders of the Class A
Certificates under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement without any consent of
such holders, and such holders may exercise such rights only with the prior
written consent of the Insurer except as provided in the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement.
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<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TERMINATION
The circumstances under which the obligations created by the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement will terminate in respect of the Certificates are described
in 'The Pooling and Servicing Agreement -- Termination; Retirement of
Certificates' in the Prospectus. The Master Servicer or the Company will have
the option on any Distribution Date when the aggregate Stated Principal Balance
of the Group I Loans is less than 5% of the initial aggregate principal balance
of the Group I Loans (the 'GROUP I OPTIONAL TERMINATION DATE') or when the
aggregate Stated Principal Balance of the Group II Loans is less than 5% of the
initial aggregate principal balance of the Group II Loans (the 'GROUP II
OPTIONAL TERMINATION DATE'), as applicable, (i) to purchase all remaining Group
I Loans or Group II Loans, as applicable, and other assets in the Trust Fund
related thereto (except for the Policy), thereby effecting early retirement of
the Class A-I Certificates or Class A-II Certificates, as applicable, or (ii) to
purchase in whole, but not in part, the Class A-I Certificates or Class A-II
Certificates; provided, however, in each case, that no such early termination of
the Trust Fund will be permitted if it would result in a draw under the Policy
unless the Insurer consents to such termination. Any such purchase of Group I
Loans or Group II Loans and other assets of the Trust Fund related thereto for
the Class A-I Certificate or Class A-II Certificates shall be made at a price
equal to the sum of (a) 100% of the unpaid principal balance of each Group I
Loan or Group II Loan, as applicable, (or, if less than such unpaid principal
balance, the fair market value of the related underlying Mortgaged Properties
with respect to Group I Loans or Group II Loans, as applicable, as to which
title to such underlying Mortgaged Properties has been acquired) (net of any
unreimbursed Advance attributable to principal) as of the date of repurchase,
(b) accrued interest thereon at the Net Mortgage Rate plus the Policy Premium
Rate to, but not including, the first day of the month in which such repurchase
price is distributed, (c) any amounts due to the Insurer pursuant to the
Insurance Agreement and (d) any unpaid Prepayment Interest Shortfalls and Basis
Risk Shortfalls, as applicable, together with interest thereon. Distributions on
the Class A-I Certificates in respect of any such optional termination will be
paid, first, to the Class A-I Certificates on a pro rata basis and second,
except as set forth in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, to the related Class
SB and Class R Certificates. Distributions on the Class A-II Certificates in
respect of any such optional termination will be paid, first, to the Class A-II
Certificates and second, except as set forth in the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement, to the related Class SB and Class R Certificates. The proceeds of any
such distribution may not be sufficient to distribute the full amount to the
related Class A Certificates if the purchase price is based in part on the fair
market value of any underlying Mortgaged Property in the related Loan Group and
such fair market value is less than 100% of the unpaid principal balance of the
related Mortgage Loan; provided, however, with respect to the Class A
Certificates, if such amount is an Insured Amount, such amount will be paid
under the Policy. Any such purchase of Mortgage Loans and termination of the
Trust Fund requires the consent of the Insurer if it would result in a draw on
the Policy, subject to the terms thereof.
Any such purchase of the Class A-I Certificates or Class A-II Certificates
as discussed above, will be made at a price equal to 100% of the Certificate
Principal Balance thereof plus the sum of interest accrued thereon at the
applicable Pass-Through Rate (including any unpaid Prepayment Interest
Shortfalls, unpaid Basis Risk Shortfalls Carry-Forward Amount and accrued
interest thereon) and any previously accrued and unpaid interest. Upon the
purchase of the Class A-I Certificates or Class A-II Certificates, as
applicable, or at any time thereafter, at the option of the Master Servicer or
the Depositor, the Group I Loans or the Group II Loans, as applicable, may be
sold, thereby effecting a retirement of the Class A-I Certificates or Class A-II
Certificates and the termination of the related Loan Group from the Trust Fund,
or the Class A-I Certificates or Class A-II Certificates so purchased may be
held or resold by the Master Servicer or the Depositor. Upon presentation and
surrender of the Class A-I Certificates or Class A-II Certificates, as
applicable, in connection with a purchase thereof, the holders of the Class A-I
Certificates or Class A-II Certificates, as applicable, will receive an amount
equal to the Certificate Principal Balance of such class plus interest accrued
thereon at the related Pass-Through Rate plus any previously accrued and unpaid
interest.
CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
Four separate REMIC elections will be made with respect to the Trust Fund
for federal income tax purposes (the REMICs formed thereby being referred to as
'REMIC I,' 'REMIC II,' 'REMIC III' and 'REMIC IV'). Upon the issuance of the
Class A Certificates, Thacher Proffitt & Wood, counsel to the Company, will
deliver its opinion generally to the effect that, assuming compliance with all
provisions of the
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<PAGE>
<PAGE>
Pooling and Servicing Agreement, for federal income tax purposes, REMIC I, REMIC
II, REMIC III and REMIC IV will each qualify as REMICs under Sections 860A
through 860G of the Code.
The assets of REMIC I will consist of the Group I Loans, any REO Properties
relating to Group I Loans, such assets as from time to time are deposited in the
Custodial Account and in the Certificate Account, any hazard or other insurance
policies with respect to the Group I Loans and any proceeds of such policies.
The assets of REMIC II will consist of the Group II Loans, any REO Properties
relating to Group II Loans, such assets as from time to time are deposited in
the Custodial Account and in the Certificate Account, any hazard or other
insurance policies with respect to the Group II Loans and any proceeds of such
policies.
For federal income tax purposes, (i) the Class A Certificates will
represent the 'regular interests' in, and generally will be treated as debt
obligations of, REMIC IV, and (ii) the Class R-IV Certificates will be the sole
class of 'residual interests' in REMIC IV.
For federal income tax reporting purposes, the Class A Certificates will
not be treated as having been issued with original issue discount. The
prepayment assumption that will be used in determining the rate of accrual of
market discount and premium, if any, for federal income tax purposes will be
based on the assumption that subsequent to the date of any determination the
Group I Loans and the Group II Loans will prepay at a rate equal to 18% CPR and
30% CPR, respectively. No representation is made that the Mortgage Loans will
prepay at those rates or at any other rate. See 'Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences -- REMICs -- Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular
Certificates -- Original Issue Discount' in the Prospectus.
The IRS has issued the OID Regulations under sections 1271 to 1275 of the
Code generally addressing the treatment of debt instruments issued with original
issue discount. Purchasers of the Class A-II Certificates should be aware that
Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code and the OID Regulations do not adequately address
certain issues relevant to, or applicable to, prepayable securities bearing a
variable rate of interest such as the Class A-II Certificates. In the absence of
other authority, the Master Servicer intends to be guided by certain principles
of the OID Regulations applicable to variable rate debt instruments in
determining whether such Certificates should be treated as issued with original
issue discount and in adapting the provisions of Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code
to such Certificates for the purpose of preparing reports furnished to
Certificateholders and the IRS. Because of the uncertainties concerning the
application of Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code to such Certificates and because
the rules relating to debt instruments having a variable rate of interest are
limited in their application in ways that could preclude their application to
such Certificates even in the absence of Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code, the IRS
could assert that the Class A-II Certificates should be governed by some other
method not yet set forth in regulations or should be treated as having been
issued with original issue discount. Prospective purchasers of the Class A-II
Certificates are advised to consult their tax advisors concerning the tax
treatment of such Certificates.
In certain circumstances the OID Regulations permit the holder of a debt
instrument to recognize original issue discount under a method that differs from
that used by the issuer. Accordingly, the holder of an Class A Certificate may
be able to select a method for recognizing original issue discount that differs
from that used by the Master Servicer in preparing reports to the
Certificateholders and the IRS.
The Class A Certificates will be treated as assets described in Section
7701(a)(19)(C) of the Code and 'real estate assets' under Section 856(c)(4)(A)
of the Code generally in the same proportion that the assets of the Trust Fund
would be so treated. In addition, interest on the Class A Certificates will be
treated as 'interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property' under
Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code generally to the extent that such Class A
Certificates are treated as 'real estate assets' under Section 856(c)(4)(A) of
the Code. Moreover, the Class A Certificates will be 'qualified mortgages'
within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3) of the Code. However, prospective
investors in Class A Certificates that will be generally treated as assets
described in Section 860G(a)(3) of the Code should note that, notwithstanding
such treatment, any repurchase of such a Certificate pursuant to the right of
the Master Servicer or the Company to repurchase such Class A Certificates may
adversely affect any REMIC that holds such Class A Certificates if such
repurchase is made under circumstances giving rise to a Prohibited Transaction
Tax. See 'Pooling and Servicing Agreement -- Termination' herein and 'Certain
Federal Income Tax Consequences -- REMICs -- Characterization of Investments in
REMIC Certificates' in the Prospectus.
For further information regarding federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Class A Certificates, see 'Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences -- REMICs' in the Prospectus.
S-68
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in an Underwriting Agreement,
dated March 26, 1999 (the 'UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT'), the Underwriter has agreed
to purchase and the Company has agreed to sell to the Underwriter the Class A
Certificates. It is expected that delivery of the Class A Certificates will be
made only in book-entry form through the Same Day Funds Settlement System of DTC
on or about March 30, 1999, against payment therefor in immediately available
funds.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the obligation of the Underwriter
to pay for and accept delivery of the Class A Certificates is subject to, among
other things, the receipt of certain legal opinions and to the conditions, among
others, that no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Company's
Registration Statement shall be in effect, and that no proceedings for such
purpose shall be pending before or threatened by the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
The distribution of the Class A Certificates by the Underwriter may be
effected from time to time in one or more negotiated transactions, or otherwise,
at varying prices to be determined at the time of sale. Proceeds to the Company
from the sale of the Class A Certificates, before deducting expenses payable by
the Company, will be approximately 99.57% of the aggregate Certificate Principal
Balance of the Class A Certificates plus accrued interest thereon from the
Cut-off Date (except on the Class A-II Certificates). The Underwriter may effect
such transactions by selling the Class A Certificates to or through dealers, and
such dealers may receive compensation in the form of underwriting discounts,
concessions or commissions from the Underwriter for whom they act as agent. In
connection with the sale of the Class A Certificates, the Underwriter may be
deemed to have received compensation from the Company in the form of
underwriting compensation. The Underwriter and any dealers that participate with
the Underwriter in the distribution of the Class A Certificates may be deemed to
be underwriters and any profit on the resale of the Class A Certificates
positioned by them may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Company will indemnify the
Underwriter, and that under limited circumstances the Underwriter will indemnify
the Company, against certain civil liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933,
or contribute to payments required to be made in respect thereof.
There can be no assurance that a secondary market for the Class A
Certificates will develop or, if it does develop, that it will continue. The
primary source of information available to investors concerning the Class A
Certificates will be the monthly statements discussed in the Prospectus under
'Description of the Certificates -- Reports to Certificateholders,' which will
include information as to the outstanding principal balance of the Class A
Certificates. There can be no assurance that any additional information
regarding the Class A Certificates will be available through any other source.
In addition, the Company is not aware of any source through which price
information about the Class A Certificates will be generally available on an
ongoing basis. The limited nature of such information regarding the Class A
Certificates may adversely affect the liquidity of the Class A Certificates,
even if a secondary market for the Class A Certificates becomes available.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of Ambac Assurance Corporation and
subsidiaries, as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 and for each of the years in the
three-year period ended December 31, 1998 are incorporated by reference herein
and in the registration statement in reliance upon the report of KPMG LLP,
independent certified public accountants, incorporated by reference herein, and
upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
LEGAL OPINIONS
Certain legal matters relating to the Certificates will be passed upon for
the Company by Thacher Proffitt & Wood, New York, New York and for the
Underwriter by Brown & Wood LLP, New York, New York.
RATINGS
It is a condition of the issuance of the Class A Certificates that they be
rated 'AAA' by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc. ('STANDARD & POOR'S') and Fitch IBCA, Inc. ('FITCH') and 'Aaa'
by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ('MOODY'S').
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<PAGE>
Standard & Poor's ratings on mortgage pass-through certificates address the
likelihood of the receipt by Certificateholders of payments required under the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement. Standard & Poor's ratings take into
consideration the credit quality of the mortgage pool, structural and legal
aspects associated with the Certificates, and the extent to which the payment
stream in the mortgage pool is adequate to make payments required under the
Certificates. Standard & Poor's rating on the Class A Certificates is based on
the claims-paying ability of the Certificate Insurer. Standard & Poor's ratings
on the Class A Certificates do not, however, constitute a statement regarding
frequency of prepayments on the mortgages. See 'Certain Yield and Prepayment
Considerations' herein. In addition, the ratings do not address the likelihood
of the receipt of any amounts in respect of Prepayment Interest Shortfalls.
Ratings by Fitch address the structural, legal and issuer-related aspects
associated with the Class A Certificates, including the nature and quality of
the underlying Mortgage Loans. Such ratings do not represent any assessment of
the likelihood of principal prepayments by mortgagors or of the degree by which
such prepayments might differ from those originally anticipated.
The rating assigned by Moody's to the Class A Certificates is based on the
claims-paying ability of the Insurer. Ratings by Moody's address the structural,
legal and issuer-related aspects associated with the Certificates, including the
nature and quality of the underlying mortgage loans. Such ratings do not
represent any assessment of the likelihood of principal prepayments by
mortgagors or of the degree by which such prepayments might differ from those
originally anticipated. In addition, the ratings do not address the likelihood
of the receipt of any amounts in respect of Prepayment Interest Shortfalls.
The Company has not requested a rating on the Class A Certificates by any
rating agency other than Standard & Poor's, Fitch and Moody's. However, there
can be no assurance as to whether any other rating agency will rate the Class A
Certificates, or, if it does, what rating would be assigned by any such other
rating agency. A rating on the Certificates by another rating agency, if
assigned at all, may be lower than the ratings assigned to the Class A
Certificates by Standard & Poor's, Fitch and Moody's.
A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities
and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating
organization. Each security rating should be evaluated independently of any
other security rating. In the event that the ratings initially assigned to the
Class A Certificates are subsequently lowered for any reason, no person or
entity is obligated to provide any additional support or credit enhancement with
respect to the Class A Certificates.
The ratings do not address the likelihood that Class A-II
Certificateholders will be paid any Deferred Interest except to the extent
Deferred Interest is added to the Certificate Principal Balance of the Class
A-II Certificates. The ratings do not address the likelihood that Class A-II
Certificateholders will be paid any Basis Risk Shortfall Carry-Forward Amount.
LEGAL INVESTMENT
The Class A Certificates will constitute 'mortgage related securities' for
purposes of SMMEA so long as they are rated in at least the second highest
rating category by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating
agencies, and, as such, are legal investments for certain entities to the extent
provided in SMMEA. SMMEA provides, however, that states could override its
provisions on legal investment and restrict or condition investment in mortgage
related securities by taking statutory action on or prior to October 3, 1991.
Certain states have enacted legislation which overrides the preemption
provisions of SMMEA. Institutions whose investment activities are subject to
legal investment laws and regulations, regulatory capital requirements or review
by regulatory authorities may be subject to restrictions on investment in such
Certificates and should consult with their legal advisors.
The Company makes no representations as to the proper characterization of
the Class A Certificates for legal investment or other purposes, or as to the
ability of particular investors to purchase the Class A Certificates under
applicable legal investment restrictions. These uncertainties may adversely
affect the liquidity of the Class A Certificates. Accordingly, all institutions
whose investment activities are subject to legal investment laws and
regulations, regulatory capital requirements or review by regulatory authorities
should consult with their own legal advisors in determining whether and to what
extent an investment in the Class A Certificates constitutes a legal investment
or is subject to investment, capital or other restrictions.
See 'Legal Investment Matters' in the Prospectus.
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ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
A fiduciary of any employee benefit plan or other plan or arrangement
subject to ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (a 'PLAN'), any insurance company
(whether through its general or separate accounts) or any other person investing
'Plan Assets' of any Plan, as defined under 'ERISA Considerations -- Plan Asset
Regulations' in the Prospectus, should carefully review with its legal advisors
whether the purchase or holding of Class A Certificates could give rise to a
transaction prohibited or not otherwise permissible under ERISA or Section 4975
of the Code. The purchase or holding of the Class A Certificates by or on behalf
of, or with Plan Assets of, a Plan may qualify for exemptive relief under the
Exemption, as described under 'ERISA Considerations -- Prohibited Transaction
Exemptions' in the Prospectus. However, the Exemption contains a number of
conditions which must be met for the Exemption to apply, including the
requirement that any such Plan must be an 'accredited investor' as defined in
Rule 501(a)(1) of Regulation D of the Securities and Exchange Commission under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Any fiduciary or other investor of Plan Assets that proposes to acquire or
hold the Class A Certificates on behalf of or with Plan Assets of any Plan
should consult with its counsel with respect to:
(i) whether the specific and general conditions and the other
requirements in the Exemption would be satisfied, or whether any other
prohibited transaction exemption would apply, and
(ii) the potential applicability of the general fiduciary
responsibility provisions of ERISA and the prohibited transaction
provisions of ERISA and the Code to the proposed investment. See 'ERISA
Considerations' in the Prospectus.
The sale of Class A Certificates to a Plan is in no respect a
representation by the Company or the Underwriter that such an investment meets
all relevant legal requirements with respect to investments by Plans generally
or any particular Plan, or that such an investment is appropriate for Plans
generally or any particular Plan.
S-71
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APPENDIX A
MORTGAGE LOAN ASSUMPTIONS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MONTHS
REMAINING ORIGINAL MONTHS TO BETWEEN
AGGREGATE NET TERM TO TERM TO FIRST RATE
LOAN PRINCIPAL MORTGAGE SERVICING MATURITY MATURITY ADJUSTMENT ADJUSTMENT PERIODIC
NUMBER BALANCE RATE FEE RATE (MONTHS) (MONTHS) DATE DATES RATE CAP
- ------ -------------- --------- --------- --------- -------- ---------- ---------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 $10,823,054.08 7.7018% 0.3674% 131 179 N/A N/A N/A
2 91,959,015.73 8.0710 0.3339 318 349 N/A N/A N/A
3 1,800,485.06 7.0718 0.3128 321 345 N/A N/A N/A
4 4,388,691.83 10.6217 0.4589 334 359 N/A N/A N/A
5 457,496.05 8.6141 0.3400 287 351 N/A N/A N/A
6 40,409,509.50 7.3128 0.4711 281 357 7 12 1.8558%
7 855,906.46 8.3168 0.5574 247 360 4 6 1.0000
8 730,353.04 7.7000 0.4663 248 360 1 1 (1)
9 3,902,779.73 7.1743 0.4161 244 357 6 11 1.5512
10 754,225.98 7.3894 0.4250 208 339 3 6 1.0000
11 2,009,096.42 7.3073 0.4250 272 395 32 36 2.0000
12 2,094,549.59 8.0681 0.4250 252 360 5 36 2.0000
13 2,716,299.00 8.4432 0.4223 263 360 14 36 2.0000
14 3,560,397.59 7.8153 0.3000 189 300 2 6 0.2809
15 711,353.57 9.3631 0.3913 328 360 5 6 2.3153
16 986,739.60 6.1393 0.4691 188 357 8 12 0.2983
17 840,055.46 6.8599 0.3808 287 360 1 1 (1)
18 5,289,040.57 10.1691 0.6934 342 359 4 6 1.8411
19 52,350.72 7.4500 0.4250 186 360 6 12 2.0000
20 588,440.27 7.4414 0.3602 340 360 16 12 2.0000
21 662,786.30 7.0735 0.3955 332 360 50 12 2.7876
22 444,042.46 10.9755 0.6400 355 360 31 6 3.0000
23 4,469,393.54 10.1639 0.5779 353 360 18 6 2.9352
24 17,712.11 7.7550 0.4250 79 240 4 12 (1)
25 39,952.63 7.4500 0.4250 194 360 2 12 (1)
26 35,990.09 10.0650 0.4250 219 360 39 60 (1)
27 368,993.48 6.0462 0.8000 355 360 79 6 6.1538
28 217,824.83 9.3492 0.6632 355 360 19 6 3.0000
29 191,261.50 9.4967 0.5424 354 360 30 6 3.0000
<CAPTION>
MONTHS TO
FIRST
PAYMENT
LOAN ADJUSTMENT
NUMBER DATE
- ------ ----------
<S> <C>
1 N/A
2 N/A
3 N/A
4 N/A
5 N/A
6 7
7 4
8 4
9 6
10 3
11 32
12 5
13 14
14 2
15 5
16 8
17 10
18 4
19 6
20 16
21 50
22 31
23 18
24 4
25 2
26 39
27 79
28 19
29 30
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Uncapped.
A-1
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MONTHS
BETWEEN
PAYMENT MAXIMUM MAXIMUM MINIMUM
LOAN ADJUSTMENT RATE GROSS MORTGAGE MORTGAGE
NUMBER DATES ADJUSTMENT MARGIN RATE RATE INDEX
- ------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------- -----
<C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <S>
1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A FIX
2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A FIX
3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A FIX
4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A FIX
5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A FIX
6 12 (1) 2.934286% 12.8960% 3.5983 % TY1
7 6 (1) 0.882448 15.1450 0.8824 PRM
8 12 7.50000% 0.416320 13.7913 0.4163 PRM
9 11 (1) 2.707279 14.6763 2.9582 COF
10 6 (1) 2.600000 14.1064 2.6000 CD6
11 36 (1) 2.750000 15.3401 2.8340 TY3
12 36 (1) 2.750000 15.4473 2.7500 TY3
13 36 (1) 2.733653 14.2334 2.7337 TY3
14 6 (1) (0.122332) 18.0000 0.0000 PRM
15 6 (1) 4.743970 14.8241 7.7612 LF6
16 12 (1) 1.417973 50.0000 1.4626 TY1
17 12 7.50000 2.585100 12.6633 2.9110 COF
18 6 (1) 6.234759 16.6311 8.9241 LM6
19 12 7.50000 2.500000 15.8750 2.5000 TY1
20 12 (1) 2.870498 13.8016 2.8705 TY1
21 12 (1) 2.738094 12.5101 2.7381 TY1
22 6 (1) 6.751075 18.3052 11.0352 LM6
23 6 (1) 6.746302 17.2647 9.7729 LM6
24 12 (1) 2.000000 16.6600 2.0000 TY5
25 12 7.50000 2.500000 50.0000 2.5000 TY1
26 60 (1) 4.500000 50.0000 4.5000 TY1
27 6 (1) 2.000000 13.0000 2.0000 LM6
28 6 (1) 6.474222 16.0124 6.4742 LF6
29 6 (1) 6.820637 16.0391 6.8206 LF6
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Uncapped.
A-2
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ADDITIONAL ASSUMPTIONS
The following hypothetical Loan Numbers represent Group I Loans: 1, 2, 3, 4, and
5; the rest represent Group II Loans.
The following hypothetical Loan Numbers represent Negative Amortization Loans:
8, 17, 19 and 25.
The following hypothetical Loan Numbers represent Mortgage Loans with initial
interest-only periods: 14, with an interest-only period of 2 months and 27, with
an interest-only period of 79 months.
The following hypothetical Loan Numbers represent Balloon Loans: 3, with a
remaining term to Balloon Payment of 52 months, 4, with a remaining term to
Balloon Payment of 155 months, and 5, with a remaining term of Balloon Payment
of 278 months.
The indices under the heading 'Index' mean the following: FIX means a fixed rate
(no index), CD6 means a Six-Month Certificate of Deposit rate, which remains
constant at 4.53% per annum, COF means the one-month Cost of Funds Index, which
remains constant at 4.61% per annum, LF6 means Six-Month LIBOR as published by
FNMA, which remains constant at 5.06% per annum, LM6 means Six-Month LIBOR,
which remains constant at 5.06% per annum, PRM means the Prime Rate, which
remains constant at 7.75% per annum, TY1 means a One-Year Treasury Rate, which
remains constant at 4.70% per annum, TY3 means a Three-Year Treasury Rate, which
remains constant at 5.01% per annum, and TY5 means a Five-Year Treasury Rate,
which remains constant at 5.05% per annum.
A-3
PROSPECTUS
Mortgage and Manufactured Housing Contract Pass-Through Certificates
Residential Asset Securities Corporation
Depositor
The Mortgage and Manufactured Housing Contract Pass-Through Certificates (the
"Certificates") offered hereby may be sold from time to time in series, as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement. Each series of Certificates will
represent in the aggregate the entire beneficial ownership interest, excluding
any interest retained by Residential Asset Securities Corporation (the
"Company") or any other entity specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
in a trust fund consisting primarily of a segregated pool of one- to
four-family, residential first or junior lien closed-end mortgage loans (the
"Mortgage Loans"), manufactured housing conditional sales contracts and
installment loan agreements (the "Contracts") or interests therein (which may
include Agency Securities, as defined herein) (collectively with the Mortgage
Loans and Contracts, the "Mortgage Collateral"), acquired by the Company from
one or more affiliated or unaffiliated institutions. To the extent specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, mortgage loans may be made to citizens or
residents of countries other than the United States, provided that all Mortgage
Collateral will be secured by property located in the United States subject to
the following exception. The Mortgage Collateral may include mortgage loans
secured by interests in trusts that own residential properties located in
Mexico, provided that any such loans will not exceed 10% by aggregate principal
balance of the Mortgage Loans in any mortgage pool as of the cut-off date
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. See "The Trust Funds." See
"Index of Principal Definitions" for the meanings of capitalized terms and
acronyms.
The Mortgage Collateral and certain other assets described herein under "The
Trust Funds" and in the related Prospectus Supplement will be held in trust
(collectively, a "Trust Fund") for the benefit of the holders of the related
series of Certificates pursuant to a pooling and servicing agreement (each, a
"Pooling and Servicing Agreement") or a trust agreement (each, a "Trust
Agreement") as described herein under "The Trust Funds" and in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Each Trust Fund will consist of one or more types of the
various types of Mortgage Collateral described under "The Trust Funds."
Information regarding each class of Certificates of a series, and the general
characteristics of the Mortgage Collateral to be evidenced by such Certificates,
will be set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Each series of Certificates will include one or more classes. Each class of
Certificates of any series will represent the right, which right may be senior
or subordinate to the rights of one or more of the other classes of the
Certificates, to receive a specified portion of payments of principal or
interest (or both) on the Mortgage Collateral in the related Trust Fund in the
manner described herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement. See
"Description of the Certificates--Distributions." A series may include one or
more classes of Certificates entitled to principal distributions, with
disproportionate, nominal or no interest distributions, or to interest
distributions, with disproportionate, nominal or no principal distributions. A
series may include
<PAGE>
two or more classes of Certificates which differ as to the timing, sequential
order, priority of payment, pass-through rate or amount of distributions of
principal or interest or both.
The Company's only obligations with respect to a series of Certificates will be
pursuant to certain limited representations and warranties made by the Company
or as otherwise described in the related Prospectus Supplement. The related
Prospectus Supplement may identify one or more entities as servicers (each, a
"Servicer") for a series of Certificates secured by Mortgage Loans or Contracts
or, if specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, an entity may act as
master servicer with respect to the Certificates (the "Master Servicer"). If
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a series of Certificates may
have a certificate administrator (the "Certificate Administrator") in addition
to, or in lieu of, a Servicer or a Master Servicer. The principal obligations of
a Servicer or the Master Servicer, if any, will be its contractual servicing
obligations (which may include its limited obligation to make certain advances
in the event of delinquencies in payments on the Mortgage Loans or Contracts).
The principal obligations of the Certificate Administrator, if any, will be to
perform certain obligations with respect to the Certificates under the terms of
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement, as applicable. See
"Description of the Certificates."
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Trust Fund for a
series of Certificates may include any one or any combination of a mortgage pool
insurance policy, letter of credit, bankruptcy bond, special hazard insurance
policy, reserve fund, certificate insurance policy, surety bond or other form of
credit support. In addition to or in lieu of the foregoing, credit enhancement
may be provided by means of subordination. See "Description of Credit
Enhancement."
The rate of payment of principal of each class of Certificates entitled to a
portion of principal payments on the Mortgage Collateral will depend on the
priority of payment of such class and the rate and timing of principal payments
(including prepayments, defaults, liquidations and repurchases) on the Mortgage
Collateral. A rate of principal payment lower or higher than that anticipated
may affect the yield on each class of Certificates in the manner described
herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement. See "Yield Considerations."
For a discussion of significant matters affecting investments in the
Certificates, see "Risk Factors" commencing herein on page 10.
One or more separate elections may be made to treat a Trust Fund as a "real
estate mortgage investment conduit" (a "REMIC") for federal income tax purposes.
The Prospectus Supplement for a series of Certificates will specify which class
or classes of the related series of Certificates will be considered to be
regular interests in the related REMIC and which class of Certificates or other
interests will be designated as the residual interest in the related REMIC, if
applicable.
See "United States Federal Income Tax Consequences."
PROCEEDS OF THE ASSETS IN THE TRUST FUND ARE THE SOLE SOURCE OF
PAYMENTS ON THE CERTIFICATES. THE CERTIFICATES DO NOT REPRESENT
AN INTEREST IN OR OBLIGATION OF THE COMPANY, THE MASTER SERVICER,
THE CERTIFICATE ADMINISTRATOR, GMAC MORTGAGE GROUP, INC. ("GMAC
2
<PAGE>
MORTGAGE") OR ANY OF THEIR AFFILIATES. NEITHER THE CERTIFICATES NOR THE MORTGAGE
COLLATERAL WILL BE GUARANTEED OR INSURED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY OR
INSTRUMENTALITY (EXCEPT IN THE CASE OF FHA LOANS, FHA CONTRACTS, VA LOANS, VA
CONTRACTS AND GINNIE MAE SECURITIES) OR BY THE COMPANY, THE MASTER SERVICER, THE
CERTIFICATE ADMINISTRATOR, GMAC MORTGAGE OR ANY OF THEIR AFFILIATES.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
Offers of the Certificates may be made through one or more different methods,
including offerings through underwriters, as described under "Methods of
Distribution" and in the related Prospectus Supplement.
There will be no secondary market for any series of Certificates prior to the
offering thereof. There can be no assurance that a secondary market for any of
the Certificates will develop or, if it does develop, that it will continue. The
Certificates will not be listed on any securities exchange.
Retain this Prospectus for future reference. This Prospectus may not be used to
consummate sales of securities offered hereby unless accompanied by a Prospectus
Supplement.
The date of this Prospectus is June 22, 1998.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"Commission") a Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, with respect to the Certificates (the "Registration Statement"). The
Company is also subject to certain of the information requirements of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and,
accordingly, will file reports thereunder with the Commission. The Registration
Statement and the exhibits thereto, and reports and other information filed by
the Company pursuant to the Exchange Act can be inspected and copied at the
public reference facilities maintained by the Commission at 450 Fifth Street,
N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, and at certain of its Regional Offices located as
follows: Chicago Regional Office, Citicorp Center, 500 West Madison Street,
Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661-2511; and Northeast Regional Office, 7 World
Trade Center, Suite 1300, New York, New York 10048, at prescribed rates and
electronically through the Commission's Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and
Retrieval system at the Commission's Web site (http://www.sec.gov).
3
<PAGE>
Copies of Ginnie Mae's information statement and annual report can be
obtained by writing or calling the United States Department of Housing and Urban
Development, 451-7th Street S.W., Room 6210, Washington, D.C. 20410-9000
(202-708-3649). Copies of Freddie Mac's most recent offering circular for
Freddie Mac Certificates, Freddie Mac's information statement and most recent
supplement to such information statement and any quarterly report made available
by Freddie Mac can be obtained by writing or calling the Investor Relations
Department of Freddie Mac at Post Office Box 4112, Reston, Virginia 22090
(outside the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, telephone 800-424-5401, ext.
8160; within the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, telephone 703-759-8160).
Copies of Fannie Mae's most recent prospectus for Fannie Mae Certificates and
Fannie Mae's annual report and quarterly financial statements, as well as other
financial information, are available from the Director of Investor Relations of
Fannie Mae, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016 (202-537-7115).
The Company does not, and will not, participate in the preparation of Ginnie
Mae's information statements or annual reports, Freddie Mac's offering
circulars, information statements or any supplements thereto or any of its
quarterly reports or Fannie Mae's prospectuses or any of its reports, financial
statements or other information and, accordingly, makes no representations as to
the accuracy or completeness of the information set forth therein.
REPORTS TO CERTIFICATEHOLDERS
Monthly reports which contain information concerning the Trust Fund for a
series of Certificates will be sent by the Master Servicer or Certificate
Administrator, as applicable, to each holder of record of the Certificates of
the related series. See "Description of the Certificates C Reports to
Certificateholders." Any reports forwarded to holders will contain financial
information that has not been examined or reported upon by an independent
certified public accountant. The Company will file with the Commission such
periodic reports with respect to the Trust Fund for a series of Certificates as
are required under the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations of the
Commission thereunder.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
With respect to each series of Certificates offered hereby, there are
incorporated herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement by reference all
documents and reports filed or caused to be filed by the Company pursuant to
Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, prior
to the termination of the offering of the related series of Certificates, that
relate specifically to such related series of Certificates. The Company will
provide or cause to be provided without charge to each person to whom this
Prospectus and related Prospectus Supplement is delivered in connection with the
offering of one or more classes of such series of Certificates, upon written or
oral request of such person, a copy of any or all such reports incorporated
herein by reference, in each case to the extent such reports relate to one or
more of such classes of such series of Certificates, other than the exhibits to
such documents, unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference
in such documents. Requests should be directed in writing to Residential Asset
Securities Corporation, 8400 Normandale Lake Boulevard, Suite 600, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55437, or by telephone at (612) 832-7000.
4
<PAGE>
No dealer, salesman, or any other person has been authorized to give any
information, or to make any representations, other than those contained in this
Prospectus or the related Prospectus Supplement and, if given or made, such
information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized
by the Company or any dealer, salesman, or any other person. Neither the
delivery of this Prospectus or the related Prospectus Supplement nor any sale
made hereunder or thereunder shall under any circumstances create an implication
that there has been no change in the information herein or therein since the
date hereof. This Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement are not an
offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security in any
jurisdiction in which it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation.
5
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Caption Page
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION..................................................... 3
REPORTS TO CERTIFICATEHOLDERS.............................................. 4
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY
REFERENCE.................................................................. 4
SUMMARY OF PROSPECTUS...................................................... 7
RISK FACTORS............................................................... 14
Risks Associated with the Mortgage
Collateral..................................................... 14
Yield and Prepayment Considerations.................................. 17
Limited Representations and Warranties............................... 17
Limited Liquidity.................................................... 17
Limited Obligations.................................................. 17
Limitations, Reduction and Substitution of
Credit Enhancement............................................. 18
Swaps and Yield Supplement Agreements................................ 18
THE TRUST FUNDS ........................................................... 19
General.............................................................. 19
The Mortgage Loans................................................... 20
The Contracts.............................................................. 26
The Agency Securities................................................ 27
Mortgage Collateral Sellers.......................................... 29
Representations with Respect to Mortgage
Collateral..................................................... 29
Repurchases of Mortgage Collateral................................... 31
Limited Right of Substitution........................................ 32
DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES ........................................... 32
General.............................................................. 32
Form of Certificates................................................. 33
Assignment of Mortgage Loans......................................... 35
Assignment of Contracts.............................................. 36
Review of Mortgage Loan or Contract
Documents...................................................... 37
Assignment of Agency Securities...................................... 37
Spread............................................................... 37
Payments on Mortgage Collateral...................................... 37
Withdrawals from the Custodial Account............................... 40
Distributions........................................................ 41
Advances............................................................. 44
Prepayment Interest Shortfalls....................................... 44
Funding Account...................................................... 45
Reports to Certificateholders........................................ 45
Servicing and Administration of Mortgage
Collateral..................................................... 46
Realization Upon Defaulted Property.................................. 50
SUBORDINATION.............................................................. 52
Overcollateralization................................................ 54
DESCRIPTION OF CREDIT ENHANCEMENT ......................................... 54
General.............................................................. 54
Letters of Credit.................................................... 55
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policies..................................... 55
Special Hazard Insurance Policies.................................... 57
Bankruptcy Bonds..................................................... 57
Reserve Funds........................................................ 58
Surety Bonds......................................................... 59
Maintenance of Credit Enhancement.................................... 59
Reduction or Substitution of Credit
Enhancement.................................................... 60
OTHER FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS RELATED TO
THE CERTIFICATES..................................................... 60
Swaps and Yield Supplement Agreements................................ 60
Purchase Obligations................................................. 61
INSURANCE POLICIES ON MORTGAGE LOANS
OR CONTRACTS......................................................... 61
Primary Mortgage Insurance Policies.................................. 61
Standard Hazard Insurance on Mortgaged
Properties..................................................... 62
Standard Hazard Insurance on Manufactured
Homes.......................................................... 63
FHA Mortgage Insurance............................................... 63
VA Mortgage Guaranty................................................. 64
THE COMPANY................................................................ 65
RESIDENTIAL FUNDING CORPORATION............................................ 65
THE POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT........................................ 65
Servicing and Administration......................................... 65
Events of Default.................................................... 66
Rights Upon Event of Default......................................... 66
Amendment............................................................ 67
Termination; Retirement of Certificates.............................. 67
The Trustee.......................................................... 68
YIELD CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................... 68
MATURITY AND PREPAYMENT
CONSIDERATIONS....................................................... 72
CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF MORTGAGE
LOANS AND CONTRACTS.................................................. 75
The Mortgage Loans................................................... 75
The Contracts........................................................ 84
Environmental Legislation............................................ 87
Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of
1940........................................................... 87
Default Interest and Limitations on
Prepayments.................................................... 88
Forfeitures in Drug and RICO Proceedings............................. 88
Negative Amortization Loans.......................................... 88
UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX
CONSEQUENCES......................................................... 89
General.............................................................. 89
REMICs............................................................... 89
STATE AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES...........................................105
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS.......................................................105
Plan Asset Regulations...............................................105
Prohibited Transaction Exemption.....................................106
Insurance Company General Accounts...................................108
Representation from Investing Plans..................................109
Tax-Exempt Investors.......................................................109
Consultation with Counsel............................................109
LEGAL INVESTMENT MATTERS...................................................110
USE OF PROCEEDS............................................................111
METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION....................................................111
LEGAL MATTERS..............................................................112
FINANCIAL INFORMATION......................................................112
INDEX OF PRINCIPAL DEFINITIONS.............................................113
SUMMARY OF PROSPECTUS
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
detailed information appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus and by reference to
the information with respect to each series of Certificates contained in the
Prospectus Supplement to be prepared and delivered in connection with the
offering of such series. Capitalized terms used in this summary that are not
otherwise defined shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in this Prospectus.
An index indicating where certain terms used herein are defined appears at the
end of this Prospectus.
Securities Offered Mortgage and Manufactured Housing Contract Pass-Through
Certificates.
Company Residential Asset Securities Corporation. See "The Company."
Servicer or Master Servicer The related Prospectus
Supplement may identify one or more entities as
Servicers for a series of Certificates evidencing
interests in Mortgage Loans or Contracts or an
entity may act as Master Servicer. The Master
Servicer may be Residential Funding Corporation,
an affiliate of the Company ("Residential
Funding"). See "Residential Funding Corporation"
and "Description of the Certificates -- Servicing
and Administration of Mortgage Collateral."
Certificate Administration
An entity may be named as the Certificate Administrator in
the related Prospectus Supplement, if required in addition
to or in lieu of the Master Servicer or Servicer for a
series of Certificates. The Certificate Administrator may be
Residential Funding. See "Residential Funding Corporation"
and "Description of the Certificates -- Servicing and
Administration of Mortgage Collateral."
Trustee
The Trustee for each series of Certificates will be
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Certificates
Each series of Certificates will represent in the aggregate
the entire beneficial ownership interest, excluding any
interest retained by the Company or any other entity
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, in a Trust
Fund consisting primarily of the Mortgage Collateral
acquired by the Company from one or more affiliated or
unaffiliated institutions. Each series of Certificates will
be issued pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing Agreement or a
Trust Agreement among the Company, the Trustee and one or
more of any Servicer, the Master Servicer and the
Certificate Administrator.
As specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, each
series of Certificates, or class of Certificates in the case
of a series consisting of two or more classes, may have a
stated principal balance, no stated principal balance or a
notional amount and may be entitled to distributions of
interest based on a specified interest rate or rates (each,
a "Pass-Through Rate"). Each series or class of Certificates
may have a different Pass-Through Rate, which may be a
fixed, variable or adjustable Pass-Through Rate, or any
combination of two or more of such Pass-Through Rates. The
related Prospectus Supplement will specify the Pass-Through
Rate or Rates for each series or class of Certificates, or
the initial Pass-Through Rate or Rates and the method for
determining subsequent changes to the Pass-Through Rate or
Rates.
6
<PAGE>
A series may include one or more classes of Certificates
(each, a "Strip Certificate") entitled to (i) principal
distributions, with disproportionate, nominal or no interest
distributions, or (ii) interest distributions, with
disproportionate, nominal or no principal distributions. In
addition, a series may include classes of Certificates which
differ as to timing, sequential order, priority of payment,
Pass-Through Rate or amount of distributions of principal or
interest or both, or as to which distributions of principal
or interest or both on any class may be made upon the
occurrence of specified events, in accordance with a
schedule or formula, or on the basis of collections from
designated portions of the Trust Fund. In addition, a series
may include one or more classes of Certificates ("Accrual
Certificates"), as to which certain accrued interest will
not be distributed but rather will be added to the principal
balance thereof in the manner described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. One or more classes of Certificates
in a series may be entitled to receive principal payments
pursuant to an amortization schedule under the circumstances
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a
series of Certificates may include one or more classes of
Certificates (collectively, the "Senior Certificates") which
are senior to one or more classes of Certificates
(collectively, the "Subordinate Certificates") in respect of
certain distributions of principal and interest and
allocations of losses on the Mortgage Collateral. See
"Subordination." If so specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, a series of Certificates may include one or more
classes of Certificates (collectively, the "Mezzanine
Certificates") which are Subordinate Certificates but which
are senior to certain other classes of Subordinate
Certificates in respect of such distributions or losses. In
addition, certain classes of Senior Certificates may be
senior to other classes of Senior Certificates in respect of
such distributions or losses. The Certificates will be
issued in fully-registered certificated or book-entry form
in the authorized denominations specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. See "Description of the
Certificates."
Neither the Certificates nor the underlying Mortgage
Collateral will be guaranteed or insured by any governmental
agency or instrumentality (except in the case of FHA Loans,
FHA Contracts, VA Loans, VA Contracts and Ginnie Mae
Securities (each as defined herein)) or by the Company, the
Master Servicer, any Servicer, the Mortgage Collateral
Seller, the Certificate Administrator, GMAC Mortgage or any
of their affiliates. See "Risk Factors -- Limited
Obligations."
Interest Distributions
Except as otherwise specified herein or in the related
Prospectus Supplement, interest on each class of
Certificates of each series, other than Strip Certificates
or Accrual Certificates (prior to the time when accrued
interest becomes payable thereon), will be remitted at the
applicable Pass-Through Rate on the outstanding principal
balance of such class, on the 25th day (or, if such day is
not a business day, the next business day) of each month,
commencing with the month following the month in which the
Cut-off Date (as defined in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement) occurs (each, a "Distribution Date"). If the
Prospectus Supplement so specifies, interest distributions
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on any class of Certificates may be reduced on account of
negative amortization on the Mortgage Collateral, with the
Deferred Interest (as defined herein) allocable to such
class added to the principal balance thereof, which Deferred
Interest will thereafter bear interest at the applicable
Pass-Through Rate. Distributions, if any, with respect to
interest on Strip Certificates will be made on each
Distribution Date as described herein and in the related
Prospectus Supplement. See "Description of the Certificates
-- Distributions." Strip Certificates that are entitled to
distributions of principal only will not receive
distributions in respect of interest. Interest that has
accrued but is not yet payable on any Accrual Certificates
will be added to the principal balance of such class on the
related Distribution Date, and will thereafter bear interest
at the applicable Pass-Through Rate. Unless otherwise
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
distributions of interest with respect to any series of
Certificates (or accruals thereof in the case of Accrual
Certificates), or with respect to one or more classes
included therein, may be reduced to the extent of interest
shortfalls not covered by advances or the applicable form of
credit support, including any Prepayment Interest
Shortfalls. See "Description of the Certificates" and
"Maturity and Prepayment Considerations."
Principal Distributions
Except as otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, principal distributions on the Certificates of
each series will be payable on each Distribution Date,
commencing with the Distribution Date in the month following
the month in which the Cut-off Date occurs, to the holders
of the Certificates of such series, or of the class or
classes of Certificates then entitled thereto, on a pro rata
basis among all such Certificates or among the Certificates
of any such class, in proportion to their respective
outstanding principal balances or the percentage interests
represented by such class, in the priority and manner
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Strip
Certificates with no principal balance will not receive
distributions in respect of principal. Distributions of
principal with respect to any class of Certificates may be
reduced to the extent of certain delinquencies not covered
by advances or losses not covered by the applicable form of
credit enhancement. See "The Trust Funds," "Maturity and
Prepayment Considerations" and "Description of the
Certificates."
Funding Account
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a
portion of the proceeds of the sale of one or more Classes
of Certificates of a Series or a portion of collections on
the Mortgage Loans in respect of principal may be deposited
in a segregated account to be applied to acquire additional
Mortgage Loans from the Sellers, subject to the limitations
set forth herein under "Description of the Certificates --
Funding Account." The times and requirements for the
acquisition of such Mortgage Loans will be set forth in the
related Pooling and Servicing Agreement or other agreement
with the Sellers. Monies on deposit in the Funding Account
and not applied to acquire such additional Mortgage Loans
within the time set forth in the related Pooling and
Servicing Agreement or other applicable agreement may be
treated as principal and applied in the manner described in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
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Trust Fund
The Trust Fund for a series of Certificates will consist
primarily of Mortgage Loans, Contracts, whole or partial
participations in Mortgage Loans or Contracts and/or Agency
Securities, together with certain accounts, reserve funds,
insurance policies and related agreements specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. The Trust Fund for a series
of Certificates will also include the Certificate Account
and a Collection Account, if applicable, and may include
various forms of credit enhancement, all as specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. See "The Trust Funds" and
"Description of Credit Enhancement."
The Mortgage Collateral will be purchased by the Company
directly or indirectly (through Residential Funding or other
affiliates) from affiliates, including HomeComings Financial
Network, Inc., Residential Money Centers, Inc. and GMAC
Mortgage Corporation, or directly or indirectly from sellers
unaffiliated with the Company (each, a "Mortgage Collateral
Seller"). See "The Trust Funds -- Mortgage Collateral
Sellers."
Mortgage Loans
The Trust Fund for a series of Certificates may include a
pool of Mortgage Loans, or whole or partial participations
in Mortgage Loans (a "Mortgage Pool"), secured by first or
junior liens on or certain other interests in one- to
four-family residential properties (each, a "Mortgaged
Property"). The Mortgaged Properties may be located in any
of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth
of Puerto Rico, or Mexico. Such Mortgage Loans may, as
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, include
conventional loans, FHA Loans, VA Loans, Balloon Loans, GPM
Loans, Buy-Down Loans, Bi- Weekly Loans or Mortgage Loans
having other special payment features, as described herein
and in the related Prospectus Supplement. See "The Trust
Funds -- The Mortgage Loans." The Mortgage Loans may have
fixed or adjustable interest rates. A Mortgage Pool may
include Mortgage Loans that have been modified prior to
their inclusion in a Trust Fund. The Mortgage Loans may
include either (i) Mortgage Loans secured by mortgages,
deeds of trust or other security instruments creating a
first or junior lien on the Mortgaged Properties, (ii) loans
secured by an assignment by the borrower of a security
interest in shares issued by a private cooperative housing
association and the related proprietary lease or occupancy
agreement on a cooperative dwelling, which constitute first
or junior liens on such property ("Cooperative Loans"), and
(iii) loans secured by a beneficial interest in a trust, the
principal asset of which is residential real property
located in Mexico (the "Mexico Mortgage Loans"). All of the
Mexico Mortgage Loans will be United States
dollar-denominated loans originated by a lender located and
doing business in the United States, Canada or Mexico. The
Mortgaged Properties may be owner occupied or non-owner
occupied and may include vacation and second homes and
investment properties. The borrowers (the "Mortgagors") of
the Mortgage Loans, including the Mexico Mortgage Loans, may
include persons who are citizens and residents of the United
States or permanent resident aliens residing in the United
States (the "U.S. Borrowers"), or citizens and/or residents
of countries other than the United States, including Mexico,
United States citizens employed abroad, non-permanent
resident aliens employed in the United States,
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and foreign corporations formed for the purpose of owning
real estate, but not including permanent resident aliens
residing in the United States (collectively, the
"International Borrowers"). Mortgage Loans secured by
Mortgaged Properties located in Puerto Rico are sometimes
referred to herein as "Puerto Rico Mortgage Loans." See "The
Trust Funds --The Mortgage Loans."
Contracts
The Trust Fund for a series of Certificates may include a
pool of Contracts, or whole or partial participations in
Contracts (a "Contract Pool") originated by one or more
manufactured housing dealers, or such other entity or
entities described in the related Prospectus Supplement. The
Contracts may be conventional manufactured housing contracts
or contracts insured by the FHA or partially guaranteed by
the VA. Each Contract will be secured by a manufactured home
(each, a "Manufactured Home," which shall also be included
in the term "Mortgaged Property"). Generally, the Contracts
will be fully- amortizing and will bear interest at a fixed
rate unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. See "The Trust Funds - - The Contracts."
Agency Securities
The Trust Fund for a series of Certificates may include a
pool of Freddie Mac Securities, Fannie Mae Securities or
Ginnie Mae Securities (collectively, the "Agency
Securities"), or a combination of Agency Securities. Such
Agency Securities may represent whole or partial interests
in pools of (1) Mortgage Loans or Contracts or (2) Agency
Securities. Unless otherwise set forth in the related
Prospectus Supplement, all Ginnie Mae Securities will be
backed by the full faith and credit of the United States.
None of the Freddie Mac Securities or Fannie Mae Securities
will be backed, directly or indirectly, by the full faith
and credit of the United States. Agency Securities may be
backed by fixed or adjustable rate Mortgage Loans or other
types of Mortgage Loans or Contracts specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. See "The Trust Funds -- The
Agency Securities."
Yield and Prepayment The Mortgage Collateral supporting a
series of Certificates Considerations will have unique
characteristics that will affect the yield to maturity and
the rate of payment of principal on such Certificates. See
"Yield Considerations" and "Maturity and Prepayment
Considerations" herein and in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
Credit Enhancement
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Trust Fund with respect to any series of Certificates may
include any one or any combination of a letter of credit,
mortgage pool insurance policy, special hazard insurance
policy, bankruptcy bond, reserve fund, certificate insurance
policy, surety bond or other type of credit support to
provide partial coverage for certain defaults and losses
relating to the Mortgage Loans. Credit support also may be
provided in the form of subordination of one or more classes
of Certificates in a series under which losses are first
allocated to any Subordinate Certificates up to a specified
limit. Any form of credit enhancement typically will have
certain limitations and exclusions from coverage thereunder,
which will be described in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Losses not covered by any form of credit
enhancement will be borne by the holders of the related
Certificates (or certain classes thereof). To the extent not
set
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forth herein, the amount and types of coverage, the
identification of any entity providing the coverage, the
terms of any subordination and related information will be
set forth in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a series
of Certificates. See "Description of Credit Enhancement" and
"Subordination."
Advances
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Master Servicer (or, if there is no Master
Servicer for such series, the related Servicer) will be
obligated to make certain advances with respect to
delinquent scheduled payments on the Mortgage Loans or
Contracts, but only to the extent that the Master Servicer
or a Servicer believes that such amounts will be recoverable
by it. Any advance made by the Master Servicer or a Servicer
with respect to a Mortgage Loan or a Contract is recoverable
by it as provided herein under "Description of the
Certificates -- Advances" either from recoveries on the
specific Mortgage Loan or Contract or, with respect to any
advance subsequently determined to be nonrecoverable, out of
funds otherwise distributable to the holders of the related
series of Certificates.
Optional Termination
The Master Servicer, the Certificate Administrator, the
Company, a Servicer or, if specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the holder of the residual interest
in a REMIC may at its option either (i) effect early
retirement of a series of Certificates through the purchase
of the assets in the related Trust Fund or (ii) purchase, in
whole but not in part, the Certificates specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement; in each case under the
circumstances and in the manner set forth herein under "The
Pooling and Servicing Agreement -- Termination; Retirement
of Certificates" and in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Rating
At the date of issuance, as to each series, each class of
Certificates offered hereby will be rated, at the request of
the Company, in one of the four highest rating categories by
one or more nationally recognized statistical rating
agencies (each, a "Rating Agency"). See "Ratings" in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
Legal Investment
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
certain classes of Certificates offered hereby and by the
related Prospectus Supplement that are rated in one of the
two highest rating categories by at least one Rating Agency
will constitute "mortgage related securities" for purposes
of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as
amended ("SMMEA"), for so long as such classes sustain such
a rating. See "Legal Investment Matters."
ERISA Considerations
A fiduciary of an employee benefit plan and certain other
retirement plans and arrangements, including individual
retirement accounts and annuities, Keogh plans, bank
collective investment funds, insurance company general and
separate accounts and certain other entities in which such
plans, accounts, annuities or arrangements are invested,
which is subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security
Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), or Section 4975 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code"), and any other
person contemplating purchasing a Certificate with Plan
Assets (as defined herein), should carefully review with its
legal counsel whether the purchase or holding of
Certificates could give rise to a transaction that is
prohibited or is
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not otherwise permissible either under ERISA or Section 4975
of the Code. See "ERISA Considerations" herein and in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
Certain United States Federal Certificates of each series
offered hereby will constitute Income Tax Consequences
"royalty interests" or "residual interests" in a Trust Fund,
or a portion thereof, treated as a REMIC under Sections 860A
through 860G of the Code, unless otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. See "United States Federal
Income Tax Consequences" herein and in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
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RISK FACTORS
Investors should consider, among other things, the following factors in
connection with the purchase of the Certificates:
Risks Associated with the Mortgage Collateral
General
The primary assets underlying a series of Certificates will be the
Mortgage Loans or Contracts (or interests therein) in the related Trust Fund or
the Mortgage Loans or Contracts that underlie the Agency Securities in a Trust
Fund. Defaults on mortgage loans and contracts may occur because of changes in
the economic status of the related borrower or because of increases in the
monthly payment for such mortgage loan or contract or decreases in the related
borrower's equity in the related Mortgaged Property. Losses upon the foreclosure
of a mortgage loan or contract may occur because the value of the related
Mortgaged Property is insufficient to recover the outstanding principal balance
of the mortgage loan or contract. Factors which may affect the value of the
related Mortgaged Property include declines in real estate values and adverse
economic conditions either generally or in the particular geographic area in
which the related Mortgaged Property is located. See "Yield Considerations."
Losses may also result from fraud in the origination of a mortgage loan or
contract.
Mortgage Loans or Contracts may have been originated one or more years
prior to the Closing Date for the related Certificates. Such seasoned Mortgage
Collateral may have higher current loan-to-value ratios than at origination if
the value of the related Mortgaged Property has declined. No assurance can be
given that values of the Mortgaged Properties have remained or will remain at
the levels existing on the dates of origination of the related Mortgage Loans or
Contracts. If a residential real estate market should experience an overall
decline in property values, or if the Mortgagors on such seasoned Mortgage
Collateral have lower incomes or poorer credit histories than at the time of
origination of the related Mortgage Loan or Contract, the actual rates of
delinquencies, foreclosures and losses could be higher than the rates otherwise
expected by an investor in the Certificates.
In addition, in the case of Mortgage Loans or Contracts that are subject
to negative amortization due to the addition to the related principal balance of
Deferred Interest, the principal balances of such Mortgage Loans or Contracts
could be increased to an amount equal to or in excess of the value of the
underlying Mortgaged Properties, thereby increasing the likelihood of default by
the Mortgagors which may result in losses on such Mortgage Loans or Contracts.
Certain other Mortgage Loans or Contracts may provide for escalating or variable
payments by the Mortgagor, as to which the Mortgagor is generally qualified on
the basis of the initial payment amount. Some of the Mortgage Loans or Contracts
may be Balloon Loans and the ability of a Mortgagor to pay the related Balloon
Amount may depend on the Mortgagor's ability to refinance the Mortgage Loan or
Contract. In some instances, the Mortgagors may not be able to make their loan
payments as such payments increase and thus the likelihood of default will
increase.
Underwriting Standards
Some Mortgage Loans or Contracts may be one or more months delinquent with
regard to payment of principal or interest at the time of their deposit into a
Trust Fund. Certain Mortgage Loans or Contracts may have incomplete legal files
that, as of the time of deposit into a Trust Fund, may be missing such documents
as a note, a copy of the Mortgage or a title insurance policy, or may contain
documents that are defective because they are incomplete, contain incorrect
information, are unsigned by the appropriate parties or have other defects.
In addition to the foregoing, from time to time certain geographic regions
will experience weaker regional economic conditions and housing markets and,
consequently, may experience higher rates of loss and delinquency than will be
experienced on mortgage loans or contracts generally. For example, a region's
economic condition and housing market may be directly, or indirectly, adversely
affected by natural disasters or civil disturbances such as earthquakes,
hurricanes, floods, eruptions or riots. The economic impact of any of these
types of events may also be felt in areas beyond the region immediately affected
by the disaster or disturbance. The Mortgage Loans or
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Contracts in the Trust Fund for a series of Certificates may be concentrated in
these regions, and such concentration may present risks in addition to those
generally present for similar mortgage-backed securities without such
concentration.
Mortgage Loans or Contracts may have been originated using underwriting
standards that are less stringent than the underwriting standards applied by
other mortgage loan purchase programs such as those run by Fannie Mae or Freddie
Mac or by the Company's affiliate, Residential Funding, for the purpose of
collateralizing securities issued by Residential Funding Mortgage Securities I,
Inc. or Residential Accredit Loans, Inc. For example, the Mortgage Loans or
Contracts may have been made to borrowers having imperfect credit histories,
ranging from minor delinquencies to bankruptcies, or Mortgagors with generally
higher ratios of monthly mortgage payments to income or higher ratios of total
monthly credit payments to income. Mortgage Loans or Contracts in a Trust Fund
may also present a greater risk of loss due to higher Loan-to-Value Ratios, the
absence of primary mortgage insurance, or lesser amounts of primary mortgage
insurance than such other lending programs. Unless otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the underwriting standards applied to the
origination of Mexico Mortgage Loans and Puerto Rico Mortgage Loans, to the
extent they relate to the creditworthiness of the borrower, will be consistent
with such other mortgage loan purchase programs.
International Borrowers
Mortgage Loans made to International Borrowers may also present risks
generally not associated with mortgage loans made to U.S. Borrowers, including
the difficulty in locating and serving borrowers in a foreclosure proceeding,
the risk of adverse economic and political developments in the country of the
International Borrower's citizenship or residence, and the possibility of the
imposition of withholding taxes on the payments made by borrowers. In the case
of each Mortgage Loan (other than a Mexico Mortgage Loan) made to an
International Borrower, Residential Funding will represent that withholding
taxes will not be required to be paid on payments made by the borrower on the
related Mortgage Loan. In the case of a Mexico Mortgage Loan, withholding taxes
will be imposed on payments made by borrowers who are residents of Mexico for
Mexican tax purposes, for example, because the borrower's principal residence is
or becomes located in Mexico or because the borrower has spent more than a
certain period of time (currently 182 days during the previous year) in Mexico.
In such event, the borrower will be required to increase the amount of the
monthly payment by the amount of the taxes required to be withheld. Any such
increase could in turn increase the likelihood of default by the borrower,
particularly if the borrower was approved for the loan on the basis of a lower
monthly payment. In addition, if the borrower fails to pay the amount of the
withholding tax, in some jurisdictions, a tax lien or other impediment to
realization on the collateral may decrease the amount of proceeds realized by
the related Trust Fund in the event of a default by the borrower on the related
Mortgage Loan.
Mexico Mortgage Loans
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain of the
Mortgage Loans may be Mexico Mortgage Loans. The percentage of Mexico Mortgage
Loans in any Mortgage Pool will not exceed 10% by aggregate principal balance as
of the Cut-off Date. The value of Mortgaged Properties located in Mexico (the
"Mexican Properties") may be subject to certain risks not associated with
mortgage loans secured by properties located in the United States. For example,
the value of properties located in Mexico may decline in relation to the United
States dollar as a result of adverse political and economic developments in
Mexico. Developments in Mexico that could adversely affect the value of the
Mexican Properties may include currency devaluation, high inflation, high
unemployment, social and political unrest, expropriation of the Mexican
Properties, moratoriums or other limitations on the enforceability of lenders'
rights, and a change in the law to prohibit indirect ownership through trusts by
non-Mexicans of those properties. Such factors could also affect the ability of
the Mortgagor of a Mexico Mortgage Loan to repay the loan, particularly where
the Mortgagor is a resident of, and employed in, Mexico.
The method of ownership of the Mexican Properties may present uncertainty
in realizing on the Mortgaged Property. The Company is not aware of any other
mortgage loan programs involving mortgage loans that are secured in a manner
similar to the Mexico Mortgage Loans. The lender's security interest in the
Mortgagor's beneficial interest in the trust is not, for purposes of foreclosing
on such collateral, an interest in real property.
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Each Mexico Mortgage Loan will permit the lender to realize the benefits of the
Trust Agreement by one of the following methods. First, the Company may rely on
its remedies that are available in the United States under the applicable UCC
and under the Trust Agreement and foreclose on the collateral securing a Mexico
Mortgage Loan under the UCC. However, there may be uncertainty and delays in
foreclosing on the Mortgagor's beneficial interest in the trust in the United
States. For example, if a Mortgagor residing in the United States moves its
principal residence from the state in which the financing statements filed to
perfect the lender's security interest have been filed and the lender, because
it has no knowledge of the relocation of the Mortgagor or otherwise, fails to
refile in the state to which the Mortgagor has moved within four months after
relocation or if the Mortgagor no longer resides in the United States, the
lender's security interest in the Mortgagor's beneficial interest in the trust
that owns the Mortgaged Property will become unperfected in the United States.
If the Mortgagor maintains its principal residence outside of the United States
at the time the loan is made, the lender's security interest may not be able to
be perfected in the United States. Alternately, the trustee under the Mexican
Trust will conduct an auction to sell the Mortgagor's interest in the trust or
the underlying Mexican Property pursuant to the related trust agreement. In
either case, additional uncertainty and delays could result to the extent that
any actions are brought in the courts in Mexico, including eviction proceedings,
defending actions brought by the defaulting borrower, and enforcement actions
pursuant to the trust documents. Because marketing ownership of the Mexican
Properties through the sale of beneficial interests in a trust may be less
common than other methods of marketing ownership interests in Mexican
Properties, the market value of the beneficial interests may be lower than would
otherwise be the case. Finally, the costs of foreclosing on the Mortgagor's
beneficial interest in the trust that owns the Mortgaged Property and
transferring ownership of the assets of the trust may be substantially higher
than the costs associated with foreclosure sales with respect to real estate
located in the United States, and may include transfer taxes, notary public
fees, trustee fees and capital gains and other taxes on the proceeds of sale.
Any such additional foreclosure costs may make the cost of foreclosing on the
collateral uneconomical, which may increase the risk of loss on the Mexico
Mortgage Loans substantially. For additional information regarding the Mexico
Mortgage Loans and the procedure for realizing on the related collateral, see
"The Trust Funds -- The Mortgage Loans" and "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage
Loans and Contracts -- The Mortgage Loans".
Junior Mortgage Loans
The Mortgage Loans may be secured by junior liens on the related Mortgaged
Properties ("Junior Mortgage Loans") that will be subordinate to the rights of
the mortgagee under the related senior mortgage or mortgages. Accordingly, the
holder of a Junior Mortgage Loan will be subject to a loss of its mortgage if
the holder of a senior mortgage is successful in foreclosure of its mortgage and
its claim, including any related foreclosure costs, is not paid in full, since
no junior liens or encumbrances survive such a foreclosure. Also, due to the
priority of the senior mortgage, the holder of a Junior Mortgage Loan may not be
able to control the timing, method or procedure of any foreclosure action
relating to the Mortgaged Property. Investors should be aware that any
liquidation, insurance or condemnation proceeds received in respect of such
Junior Mortgage Loans will be available to satisfy the outstanding balance of
such Mortgage Loans only to the extent that the claims of the holders of such
senior mortgages have been satisfied in full, including any related foreclosure
costs. For Mortgage Loans secured by junior liens that have low Junior Mortgage
Ratios, foreclosure costs may be substantial relative to the outstanding balance
of the Mortgage Loan, and therefore the amount of any liquidation proceeds
available to Certificateholders may be smaller as a percentage of the
outstanding balance of the Mortgage Loan than would be the case in a typical
pool of first lien residential loans. In addition, the holder of a Junior
Mortgage Loan may only foreclose on the property securing the related Mortgage
Loan subject to any senior mortgages, in which case such holder must either pay
the entire amount due on the senior mortgages to the senior mortgagees at or
prior to the foreclosure sale or undertake the obligation to make payments on
the senior mortgages. The Trust Fund will not have any source of funds to
satisfy the senior mortgages or make payments due to the senior mortgagees,
although the Master Servicer or Subservicer may, at its option, advance such
amounts to the extent deemed recoverable and prudent. In the event that proceeds
from a foreclosure or similar sale of the related Mortgaged Property are
insufficient to satisfy all senior liens and the Mortgage Loan in the aggregate,
the Trust Fund, as the holder of the junior lien, and, accordingly, Holders of
one or more classes of the Certificates, are likely to (i) incur losses in
jurisdictions in which a deficiency judgment against the borrower is not
available, and (ii) incur losses if any deficiency judgment obtained is not
realized upon. In the event that such proceeds are insufficient to satisfy all
senior liens and to reimburse the
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Master Servicer or Subservicer for any advances made in respect thereof, such
losses could exceed the amount of the Junior Mortgage Loan.
With respect to Junior Mortgage Loans in general, and in particular those
having high Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios or low Junior Mortgage Ratios, the
foregoing considerations may result in circumstances under which it would be
uneconomical to foreclose on the property securing the related Mortgage Loan in
the event of a default. The actual Junior Mortgage Ratio at any time may be
lower than indicated in the Prospectus Supplement as a result of any reductions
in the Stated Principal Balance thereof. In addition, the actual Combined
Loan-to-Value Ratio at any time may be higher than indicated in the Prospectus
Supplement if the Junior Mortgage Loan or any senior mortgage loan is subject to
negative amortization or if the value of the related Mortgaged Property has
declined. In such circumstances, repayment of the Junior Mortgage Loan would
depend solely on the credit of the Mortgagor, and the ability to obtain
repayment of the Mortgage Loan may be generally similar to that which would be
experienced if the Mortgage Loan were an unsecured consumer loan. Moreover,
while in most jurisdictions a mortgagee would be permitted to elect to either
foreclose or sue to collect the debt evidenced by the Mortgage Note, in some
jurisdictions suits to collect the debt are prohibited until the mortgagee has
sought to foreclose against the security, so that the mortgagee may be forced to
foreclose first and thereafter obtain a deficiency judgment. In addition, in
some jurisdictions, where the mortgagee has chosen to sue on the debt in lieu of
foreclosure, the mortgagee will be barred from foreclosing against the security.
Yield and Prepayment Considerations
The yield to maturity of the Certificates of each series will depend on
the rate and timing of principal payments (including prepayments, liquidations
due to defaults, and repurchases due to conversion of ARM Loans to fixed
interest rate loans or breaches of representations and warranties) on the
Mortgage Loans or Contracts and the price paid by Certificateholders. Such yield
may be adversely affected by a higher or lower than anticipated rate of
prepayments on the related Mortgage Collateral. The yield to maturity on Strip
Certificates will be extremely sensitive to the rate of prepayments on the
related Mortgage Collateral. In addition, the yield to maturity on certain other
types of classes of Certificates, including Accrual Certificates, Certificates
with a Pass-Through Rate that fluctuates inversely with an index or certain
other classes, may be relatively more sensitive to the rate of prepayment on the
related Mortgage Collateral than other classes of Certificates. Prepayments are
influenced by a number of factors, including prevailing mortgage market interest
rates, local and regional economic conditions and homeowner mobility. See "Yield
Considerations" and "Maturity and Prepayment Considerations."
Limited Representations and Warranties
Certain Mortgage Collateral Sellers may make more limited representations
and warranties with respect to the Mortgage Loans or Contracts that have been
acquired by the Company than would be required by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac in
connection with their first mortgage loan purchase programs. In addition, any
item of Mortgage Collateral for which a breach of a representation or warranty
exists will remain in the related Trust Fund in the event that a Mortgage
Collateral Seller is unable, or disputes its obligation, to repurchase such
Mortgage Collateral and such a breach does not also constitute a breach of a
representation made by Residential Funding, the Company or the Master Servicer.
In either event, any resulting losses will be borne by the related form of
credit enhancement, to the extent available, and otherwise by the holders of one
or more classes of Certificates. See "The Trust Funds -- Representations with
Respect to Mortgage Collateral."
Limited Liquidity
There can be no assurance that a secondary market for the Certificates of
any series will develop or, if it does develop, that it will provide
Certificateholders with liquidity of investment or that it will continue for the
life of the Certificates of any series. The Prospectus Supplement for any series
of Certificates may indicate that an underwriter specified therein intends to
establish a secondary market in such Certificates, however no underwriter will
be obligated to do so. The Certificates will not be listed on any securities
exchange.
Limited Obligations
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The Certificates will not represent an interest in or obligation of the
Company, the Master Servicer, any Servicer, the Mortgage Collateral Seller, the
Certificate Administrator, GMAC Mortgage or any of their affiliates. The only
obligations of the foregoing entities with respect to the Certificates or any
Mortgage Collateral will be the obligations (if any) of the Company, the related
Servicer, if applicable, the Mortgage Collateral Seller, and the Master Servicer
pursuant to certain limited representations and warranties made with respect to
the Mortgage Collateral, the Master Servicer's or the applicable Servicer's
servicing obligations under the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement
(including such entity's limited obligation to make certain Advances) and
pursuant to the terms of any Agency Securities, the Certificate Administrator's
(if any) administrative obligations under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement or
the Trust Agreement, and, if and to the extent expressly described in the
related Prospectus Supplement, certain limited obligations of the Master
Servicer or the related Servicer in connection with an agreement to purchase a
Convertible Mortgage Loan upon conversion to a fixed rate. Neither the
Certificates nor the underlying Mortgage Collateral will be guaranteed or
insured by any governmental agency or instrumentality (except in the case of FHA
Loans, FHA Contracts, VA Loans, VA Contracts or Ginnie Mae Securities), or by
the Company, the Master Servicer, any Servicer, the Mortgage Collateral Seller,
the Certificate Administrator, GMAC Mortgage or any of their affiliates.
Proceeds of the assets included in the related Trust Fund (including the
Mortgage Collateral and any form of credit enhancement) will be the sole source
of payments on the Certificates, and there will be no recourse to the Company,
the Master Servicer, any Servicer, the Mortgage Collateral Seller, the
Certificate Administrator, GMAC Mortgage or any other entity in the event that
such proceeds are insufficient or otherwise unavailable to make all payments
provided for under the Certificates.
Limitations, Reduction and Substitution of Credit Enhancement
With respect to each series of Certificates, credit enhancement may be
provided in limited amounts to cover certain types of losses on the underlying
Mortgage Collateral. Credit enhancement will be provided in one or more of the
forms referred to herein, including, but not limited to: subordination of other
classes of Certificates of the same series; a Letter of Credit; a Mortgage Pool
Insurance Policy; a Special Hazard Insurance Policy; a Bankruptcy Bond; a
Reserve Fund; a Certificate Insurance Policy; a Surety Bond; or any combination
thereof. See "Subordination" and "Description of Credit Enhancement" herein.
Regardless of the form of credit enhancement provided, the amount of coverage
will be limited in amount and in most cases will be subject to periodic
reduction in accordance with a schedule or formula. Furthermore, such credit
enhancement may provide only very limited coverage as to certain types of losses
or risks, and may provide no coverage as to certain other types of losses or
risks. In the event losses exceed the amount of coverage provided by any credit
enhancement or losses of a type not covered by any credit enhancement occur,
such losses will be borne by the holders of the related Certificates (or certain
classes thereof). The Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as
applicable, will generally be permitted to reduce, terminate or substitute all
or a portion of the credit enhancement for any series of Certificates, if each
Rating Agency indicates that the then-current rating thereof will not be
adversely affected. The rating of any series of Certificates by any Rating
Agency may be lowered following the initial issuance thereof as a result of the
downgrading of the obligations of any applicable credit support provider, or as
a result of losses on the related Mortgage Collateral in excess of the levels
contemplated by such Rating Agency at the time of its initial rating analysis.
None of the Company, the Master Servicer, any Servicer, the Mortgage Collateral
Seller, the Certificate Administrator, GMAC Mortgage nor any of their affiliates
will have any obligation to replace or supplement any credit enhancement, or to
take any other action to maintain any rating of any series of Certificates. See
"Description of Credit Enhancement -- Reduction or Substitution of Credit
Enhancement."
To the extent that losses on any item of Mortgage Collateral are not
covered by any credit enhancement, the Certificateholders of the related Series
(or specific classes thereof) will bear all risk of loss resulting from default
by the Mortgagors, and will have to look primarily to the value of the Mortgaged
Properties for recovery of the outstanding principal and unpaid interest on the
defaulted Mortgage Loans or Contracts. Specific risks, if any, associated with
the Mortgage Collateral underlying a particular series of Certificates will be
discussed in the related Prospectus Supplement. See "Risk Factors," if any, in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
Swaps and Yield Supplement Agreements
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The Trustee on behalf of the Trust may enter into interest rate swaps and
related caps, floors and collars to minimize the risk to Certificateholders of
adverse changes in interest rates, and other yield supplement agreements or
similar yield maintenance arrangements. There can be no assurance that the
Trustee will be able to enter into or offset swaps or such other arrangements at
any specific time or at prices or on other terms that are advantageous or to
terminate a swap or other arrangement when it would be economically advantageous
to the Trust Fund to do so. See "Other Financial Obligations Related to the
Certificates" herein.
THE TRUST FUNDS
General
A Trust Fund for a series of Certificates may include Mortgage Collateral
that consists of one or more of the following: (1) Mortgage Loans, or whole or
partial participations in Mortgage Loans, which are one- to four-family
residential mortgage loans, including loans secured by first or junior mortgages
or leases on cooperative apartment units and loans to cooperative associations,
and which are closed-end loans that do not permit revolving debt; (2) Contracts,
or whole or partial participations in Contracts; and (3) Agency Securities which
are mortgage pass-through certificates (including those representing whole or
partial interests in pools of Mortgage Loans, Contracts or Agency Securities (a)
guaranteed and/or issued by the Government National Mortgage Association
("Ginnie Mae" and such securities, "Ginnie Mae Securities"), (b) issued by the
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac" and such securities,
"Freddie Mac Securities") or (c) issued by the Federal National Mortgage
Association ("Fannie Mae" and such securities, "Fannie Mae Securities"); and
will include related property conveyed by the Company, including payments made
by the Mortgagors, hazard insurance policies on the Mortgaged Properties and
primary mortgage insurance policies, if any, on the Mortgage Loans. The
Mortgaged Properties may be located in any of the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or Mexico. Each Trust Fund may also
include (i) the amounts required to be held from time to time in a trust account
(the "Certificate Account"), into which payments in respect of the Mortgage
Collateral may be deposited, maintained by the Master Servicer, a Servicer, the
Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as the case may be, pursuant to the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement, (ii) if so specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, a trust account (the "Custodial Account") into
which amounts to be deposited in the Certificate Account may be deposited on a
periodic basis prior to deposit in the Certificate Account, (iii) any property
which initially secured a Mortgage Loan or Contract and that is acquired by
foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure and (iv) if so specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, one or more other cash accounts, insurance
policies or other forms of credit enhancement with respect to the Certificates,
the Mortgage Collateral or all or any part of the Trust Fund, required to be
maintained pursuant to the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust
Agreement.
See "Description of Credit Enhancement."
Each Certificate will evidence the interest specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement in a Trust Fund, containing a Mortgage Pool, a Contract
Pool, a pool of Agency Securities (an "Agency Securities Pool") or any
combination thereof, having the aggregate principal balance as of the date (the
"Cut-off Date") specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Certificateholders of a series will have interests only in such Mortgage Pool,
Contract Pool or Agency Securities Pool or combination thereof and will have no
interest in the Mortgage Pool, Contract Pool or Agency Securities Pool created
with respect to any other series of Certificates.
The related Prospectus Supplement may identify one or more entities as
Servicers for a series of Certificates evidencing interests in Mortgage Loans or
Contracts or, if so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, an entity may
act as Master Servicer with respect to a series of Certificates. The Master
Servicer or any Servicer, as applicable, may service the Mortgage Loans or
Contracts through one or more Sub-Servicers. See "Description of the
Certificates -- Servicing and Administration of Mortgage Collateral." In
addition to or in lieu of the Master Servicer or Servicer for a series of
Certificates, the related Prospectus Supplement may identify a Certificate
Administrator for the Trust Fund. The related Prospectus Supplement will
identify an entity that will serve as trustee (the "Trustee") for a series of
Certificates. The Trustee will be authorized to appoint a custodian (a
"Custodian") pursuant to a custodial agreement to maintain possession of and
review documents relating to the Mortgage
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Collateral as the agent of the Trustee. The identity of such Custodian, if any,
will be set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The following is a brief description of the Mortgage Collateral expected
to be included in the Trust Funds. If specific information respecting the
Mortgage Collateral is not known to the Company at the time Certificates are
initially offered, more general information of the nature described below will
be provided in the Prospectus Supplement, and specific information will be set
forth in a Current Report on Form 8-K (a "Form 8-K") to be filed with the
Commission within fifteen days after the initial issuance of such Certificates.
A copy of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement, as applicable,
with respect to each series will be an exhibit to the Form 8-K. A schedule of
Mortgage Collateral will be an exhibit to the related Pooling and Servicing
Agreement or Trust Agreement.
The Mortgage Loans
Unless otherwise stated in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Mortgage
Loans included in a Trust Fund for a series will have been originated by or on
behalf of either (i) savings and loan associations, savings banks, commercial
banks, credit unions, insurance companies or similar institutions which are
supervised and/or examined by a federal or state authority, or (ii) HUD-approved
mortgagees. If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Mortgage
Collateral Sellers may include state or local government housing finance
agencies. Each Mortgage Loan will be selected by the Company for inclusion in a
Mortgage Pool from those purchased by the Company from Affiliated Sellers or,
either directly or through its affiliates, including HomeComings Financial
Network, Inc., GMAC Mortgage Corporation and Residential Funding, from
Unaffiliated Sellers, all as described in the related Prospectus Supplement. If
a Mortgage Pool is composed of Mortgage Loans acquired by the Company directly
from Unaffiliated Sellers, the related Prospectus Supplement will specify the
extent of Mortgage Loans so acquired. The characteristics of the Mortgage Loans
will be as described in the related Prospectus Supplement. The Mortgage Loans
purchased by the Company from a Mortgage Collateral Seller will be selected by
the Company. Other mortgage loans available for purchase by the Company may have
had characteristics which would have made them eligible for inclusion in a
Mortgage Pool, but were not selected by the Company for inclusion in such
Mortgage Pool.
If so stated in the related Prospectus Supplement, all or a portion of the
Mortgage Loans that underlie a series of Certificates may have been purchased by
the Company under Residential Funding's mortgage loan origination program for
sub-prime mortgage loans (the "AlterNet Mortgage Program") as described below
(such Mortgage Loans, the "AlterNet Loans"). The Company does not expect to
purchase Mexico Mortgage Loans through the AlterNet Mortgage Program.
The Mortgage Loans may include mortgage loans insured by the Federal
Housing Administration (the "FHA" and such loans, "FHA Loans"), a division of
the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD"), mortgage
loans partially guaranteed by the Veterans Administration (the "VA" and such
loans, "VA Loans") and mortgage loans not insured or guaranteed by the FHA or VA
("Conventional Loans"). The Mortgage Loans may have fixed interest rates or
adjustable interest rates ("Mortgage Rates") and may provide for fixed level
payments or may be Mortgage Loans pursuant to which the monthly payments by the
Mortgagor during the early years of the related Mortgage are less than the
amount of interest that would otherwise be payable thereon, with the interest
not so paid added to the outstanding principal balance of such Mortgage Loan
("GPM Loans"), Mortgage Loans subject to temporary buy-down plans ("Buy-Down
Loans"), pursuant to which the monthly payments made by the Mortgagor during the
early years of the Mortgage Loan will be less than the scheduled monthly
payments on the Mortgage Loan, Mortgage Loans that provide for payment every
other week during the term thereof ("Bi-Weekly Loans"), Mortgage Loans that
provide for the reduction of the interest rate based on the payment performance
of the Mortgage Loans, Mortgage Loans that experience negative amortization,
Mortgage Loans that require a larger payment of principal upon maturity (a
"Balloon Amount") that may be all or a portion of the principal thereof
("Balloon Loans"), or Mortgage Loans with other payment characteristics as
described below or in the related Prospectus Supplement.
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The Mortgage Loans may be secured by mortgages or deeds of trust, deeds to
secure debt or other similar security instruments (collectively, "Mortgages")
creating a first or junior lien on or other interests in the related Mortgaged
Properties. The Mortgage Loans may also include Cooperative Loans evidenced by
promissory notes secured by a first or junior lien on the shares issued by
private, non-profit, cooperative housing corporations ("Cooperatives") and on
the related proprietary leases or occupancy agreements granting exclusive rights
to occupy specific units within a Cooperative ("Cooperative Dwellings").
Each Mexico Mortgage Loan will be made by the lender of the Mexico
Mortgage Loan to the Mortgagor, pursuant to a Loan and Security Agreement or
similar agreement (the "Mexico Loan Agreement"), and will be secured by the
beneficial ownership interest in a separate trust, the sole asset of which is a
residential property located in Mexico (the "Mexican Property"). The residential
property may be a second home, vacation home or the primary residence of the
Mortgagor. The Mortgagor of a Mexico Mortgage Loan may be a U.S. Borrower or an
International Borrower.
Because of the uncertainty and delays in foreclosing on real property
interests in Mexico and because non-Mexican citizens are prohibited from owning
real property located in certain areas of Mexico, the nature of the security
interest and the manner in which the Mexico Mortgage Loans are secured differ
from that of mortgage loans typically made in the United States. Unless
otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, record ownership and
title to the Mexican Property will be held in the name of a Mexican financial
institution acting as trustee (the "Mexican Trustee") for a trust (the "Mexican
Trust") under the terms of a trust agreement (the "Mexico Trust Agreement"). The
Mexico Trust Agreement will be governed by Mexican law and will be filed (in
Spanish) in the real property records in the jurisdiction in which the property
is located. The original term of the Mexican Trust will be 50 years and will be
renewable at the option of the Mortgagor. To secure the repayment of the Mexico
Mortgage Loan, the lender is named as a beneficiary of the Mexican Trust. The
lender's beneficial interest in the Mexican Trust (the "Lender's Beneficial
Interest") grants to the lender the right to direct the Mexican Trustee to
transfer the Mortgagor's beneficial interest in the Mexican Trust (the
"Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest") or to terminate the Mexican Trust and sell
the Mexican Property. The Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest grants to the
Mortgagor the right to use, occupy and enjoy the Mexican Property so long as it
is not in default of its obligations in respect of the Mexico Mortgage Loan.
As security for repayment of the Mexico Mortgage Loan, pursuant to the
Mexico Loan Agreement, the Mortgagor grants to the lender a security interest in
the Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest. If the Mortgagor is domiciled in the United
States, the Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest should be considered under
applicable state law to be an interest in personal property, not real property,
and, accordingly, the lender will file UCC financing statements in the
appropriate state to perfect the lender's security interest. Because the
lender's security interest in the Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest is not, for
purposes of foreclosing on such collateral, an interest in real property, the
Company either will rely on its remedies that are available in the United States
under the applicable UCC and under the Trust Agreement and foreclose on the
collateral securing a Mexico Mortgage Loan under the UCC, or direct the Mexican
Trustee to conduct an auction to sell the Morgagor's Beneficial Interest or the
Mexican Property pursuant to the Trust Agreement. If a Mortgagor is not a
resident of the United States, the lender's security interest in the Mortgagor's
Beneficial Interest may be unperfected under the UCC. If the lender conducts its
principal lending activities in the United States the Mexico Loan Agreement will
provide that rights and obligations of such a Mortgagor and the lender under the
Mexico Loan Agreement will be governed under applicable state law. See "Certain
Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans and Contracts -- The Mortgage Loans."
In connection with the assignment of a Mexico Mortgage Loan into a Trust
Fund, the Depositor will transfer to the Trustee, on behalf of the
Certificateholders, all of its right, title and interest in the Mortgage Note,
the Lender's Beneficial Interest, the lender's security interest in the
Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest, and its interest in any policies of insurance
on the Mexico Mortgage Loan or the Mexican Property. The percentage of Mortgage
Loans, if any, that are Mexico Mortgage Loans will be specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a Mortgage Pool may
include Mortgage Loans that have been modified (each, a "Modified Mortgage
Loan"). Such modifications may include conversions from an adjustable to a fixed
Mortgage Rate (discussed below) or other changes in the related mortgage note.
If a Mortgage
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Loan is a Modified Mortgage Loan, references to origination generally shall be
deemed to be references to the date of modification.
The Mortgaged Properties may consist of detached individual dwellings,
Cooperative Dwellings, individual condominiums, townhouses, duplexes, row
houses, individual units in planned unit developments, two- to four-family
dwellings and other attached dwelling units. Each Mortgaged Property (other than
a Cooperative Dwelling) will be located on land owned in fee simple by the
Mortgagor or, if specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, land leased by
the Mortgagor, provided that ownership of Mexican Properties will be held by the
Mexican Trust. Attached dwellings may include structures where each Mortgagor
owns the land upon which the unit is built, with the remaining adjacent land
owned in common or dwelling units subject to a proprietary lease or occupancy
agreement in a Cooperative. The proprietary lease or occupancy agreement
securing a Cooperative Loan is generally subordinate to any blanket mortgage on
the related cooperative apartment building or on the underlying land.
Additionally, in the case of a Cooperative Loan, the proprietary lease or
occupancy agreement is subject to termination and the cooperative shares are
subject to cancellation by the Cooperative if the tenant-stockholder fails to
pay maintenance or other obligations or charges owed by such tenant-stockholder.
See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans and Contracts."
The percentage of Mortgage Loans that are owner-occupied will be disclosed
in the related Prospectus Supplement. The basis for any statement that a given
percentage of the Mortgage Loans are secured by Mortgaged Properties that are
owner-occupied will be one or more of the following: (i) the making of a
representation by the Mortgagor at origination of a Mortgage Loan that the
Mortgagor intends to use the Mortgaged Property as a primary residence for at
least the first six months of occupancy, (ii) a representation by the originator
of the Mortgage Loan (which representation may be based solely on (i) above) or
(iii) the fact that the mailing address for the Mortgagor is the same as the
address of the Mortgaged Property, and any representation and warranty in the
related Pooling and Servicing Agreement to such effect may be qualified
similarly. To the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Mortgaged Properties may include vacation homes, second homes and
non-owner-occupied investment properties. Mortgage Loans secured by investment
properties (including two- to four-unit dwellings) may also be secured by an
assignment of leases and rents and operating or other cash flow guarantees
relating to the Mortgage Loans.
Certain information, including information regarding loan-to-value ratios
(each, a "Loan-to-Value Ratio") at origination (unless otherwise specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement) of the Mortgage Loans underlying each series
of Certificates, will be supplied in the related Prospectus Supplement. In the
case of most Mortgage Loans, the Loan-to-Value Ratio is defined generally as the
ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the principal amount of the Mortgage Loan
at origination to the lesser of (1) the appraised value determined in an
appraisal obtained at origination of such Mortgage Loan and (2) the sales price
for the related Mortgaged Property. In the case of certain refinanced, modified
or converted Mortgage Loans, the Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination is defined
as the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the principal amount of such
Mortgage Loan to either the appraised value determined in an appraisal obtained
at the time of refinancing, modification or conversion or, if no such appraisal
has been obtained, to the lesser of (1) the appraised value of the related
Mortgaged Property determined at origination of the loan to be refinanced,
modified or converted and (2) the sales price of the related Mortgaged Property.
The denominator of the ratio described in the preceding sentence or the second
preceding sentence, as the case may be, is hereinafter referred to as the
"Appraised Value." Certain Mortgage Loans which are subject to negative
amortization will have Loan-to-Value Ratios which will increase after
origination as a result of such negative amortization. In the case of seasoned
Mortgage Loans, the appraisals upon which Loan-to-Value Ratios have been
calculated may no longer be accurate valuations of the Mortgaged Properties.
Certain Mortgaged Properties may be located in regions where property values
have declined significantly since the time of origination.
With respect to any Junior Mortgage Loan, the "Combined Loan-to-Value
Ratio" generally will be the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the sum of (i)
the Cut-off Date Principal Balance of such Junior Mortgage Loan and (ii) the
principal balance of any related mortgage loans that constitute liens senior to
the lien of the Junior Mortgage Loan on the related Mortgaged Property, at the
time of the origination of such Junior Mortgage Loan (or, if appropriate, at the
time of an appraisal subsequent to origination), to the lesser of (A) the
appraised value of the related Mortgaged Property determined in the appraisal
used in the origination of such Junior Mortgage Loan (or,
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if appropriate, the value determined in an appraisal obtained subsequent to
origination) and (B) if applicable under the corresponding program, the sales
price of each Mortgaged Property. With respect to each Junior Mortgage Loan, the
"Junior Mortgage Ratio" generally will be the ratio, expressed as a percentage,
of the Cut-off Date Principal Balance of such Junior Mortgage Loan to the sum of
(i) the Cut-off Date Principal Balance of such Junior Mortgage Loan and (ii) the
principal balance of any mortgage loans senior to the Junior Mortgage Loan at
the time of the origination of such Junior Mortgage Loan.
The Mortgage Loans may be "equity refinance" Mortgage Loans, as to which a
portion of the proceeds are used to refinance an existing mortgage loan, and the
remaining proceeds may be retained by the Mortgagor or used for purposes
unrelated to the Mortgaged Property. Alternatively, the Mortgage Loans may be
"rate and term refinance" Mortgage Loans, as to which substantially all of the
proceeds (net of related costs incurred by the Mortgagor) are used to refinance
an existing mortgage loan or loans (which may include a junior lien) primarily
in order to change the interest rate or other terms thereof. The Mortgage Loans
may be mortgage loans that have been consolidated and/or have had various terms
changed, mortgage loans that have been converted from adjustable rate mortgage
loans to fixed rate mortgage loans, or construction loans which have been
converted to permanent mortgage loans. In addition, a Mortgaged Property may be
subject to secondary financing at the time of origination of the Mortgage Loan
or thereafter.
Mortgage Loans that have adjustable Mortgage Rates ("ARM Loans") generally
will provide for a fixed initial Mortgage Rate until the first date on which
such Mortgage Rate is to be adjusted. Thereafter, the Mortgage Rate is subject
to periodic adjustment as described in the related Prospectus Supplement,
subject to the applicable limitations, based on changes in the relevant index
(the "Index") described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, to a rate equal
to the Index plus a fixed percentage spread over the Index established
contractually for each ARM Loan at the time of its origination (the "Gross
Margin"). The initial Mortgage Rate on an ARM Loan may be lower than the sum of
the then-applicable Index and the Gross Margin for such ARM Loan.
ARM Loans have features that provide different investment considerations
than fixed-rate mortgage loans. In particular, adjustable mortgage rates can
cause payment increases that may exceed some Mortgagors' capacity to cover such
payments. However, to the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
an ARM Loan may provide that its Mortgage Rate may not be adjusted to a rate
above the applicable maximum Mortgage Rate (the "Maximum Mortgage Rate") or
below the applicable minimum Mortgage Rate (the "Minimum Mortgage Rate"), if
any, for such ARM Loan. In addition, to the extent specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, certain of the ARM Loans may provide for limitations on
the maximum amount by which their mortgage rates may adjust for any single
adjustment period (the "Periodic Cap"). Some ARM Loans provide for limitations
on the amount of scheduled payments of principal and interest.
Certain ARM Loans may be subject to negative amortization from time to
time prior to their maturity (such ARM Loans, "Neg-Am ARM Loans"). Such negative
amortization may result from either the adjustment of the Mortgage Rate on a
more frequent basis than the adjustment of the scheduled payment or the
application of a cap on the size of the scheduled payment. In the first case,
negative amortization results if an increase in the Mortgage Rate occurs prior
to an adjustment of the scheduled payment on the related Mortgage Loan and such
increase causes accrued monthly interest on the Mortgage Loan to exceed the
scheduled payment. In the second case, negative amortization results if an
increase in the Mortgage Rate causes accrued monthly interest on a Mortgage Loan
to exceed the limit on the size of the scheduled payment on such Mortgage Loan.
In the event that the scheduled payment is not sufficient to pay the accrued
monthly interest on a Neg-Am ARM Loan, the amount of accrued monthly interest
that exceeds the scheduled payment on such Mortgage Loans (the "Deferred
Interest") is added to the principal balance of such ARM Loan and is to be
repaid from future scheduled payments. Neg-Am ARM Loans do not provide for the
extension of their original stated maturity to accommodate changes in their
Mortgage Rate. Investors should be aware that a Junior Mortgage Loan may be
subordinate to a negatively amortizing senior mortgage loan. An increase in the
principal balance of such senior mortgage loan may cause the sum of the
outstanding principal balance of the senior mortgage loan and the outstanding
principal balance of the Junior Mortgage Loan to exceed the sum of such
principal balances at the time of origination of the Junior Mortgage Loan. The
related Prospectus Supplement will specify whether the ARM Loans underlying a
series are Neg-Am ARM
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Loans and the percentage of any Junior Mortgage Loans that are subordinate to
any related senior mortgage loan that is negatively amortizing.
A Mortgage Pool may contain ARM Loans which allow the Mortgagors to
convert the adjustable rates on such Mortgage Loans to a fixed rate at one or
more specified periods during the life of such Mortgage Loans (each, a
"Convertible Mortgage Loan"), generally not later than ten years subsequent to
the date of origination. If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, upon
any conversion, the Company will repurchase or Residential Funding, the
applicable Servicer or Sub-Servicer or a third party will purchase the converted
Mortgage Loan as and to the extent set forth in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Alternatively, if specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
the Company or Residential Funding (or another party specified therein) may
agree to act as remarketing agent with respect to such converted Mortgage Loans
and, in such capacity, to use its best efforts to arrange for the sale of
converted Mortgage Loans under specified conditions. Upon the failure of any
party so obligated to purchase any such converted Mortgage Loan, the inability
of any remarketing agent to arrange for the sale of the converted Mortgage Loan
and the unwillingness of such remarketing agent to exercise any election to
purchase the converted Mortgage Loan for its own account, the related Mortgage
Pool will thereafter include both fixed rate and adjustable rate Mortgage Loans.
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain of the Mortgage
Loans may be Buy-Down Loans pursuant to which the monthly payments made by the
Mortgagor during the early years of the Mortgage Loan (the "Buy-Down Period")
will be less than the scheduled monthly payments on the Mortgage Loan, the
resulting difference to be made up from (i) an amount (such amount, exclusive of
investment earnings thereon, being hereinafter referred to as "Buy-Down Funds")
contributed by the seller of the Mortgaged Property or another source and placed
in an escrow account, (ii) if the Buy-Down Funds are contributed on a present
value basis, investment earnings on such Buy-Down Funds or (iii) additional
buydown funds to be contributed over time by the Mortgagor's employer or another
source.
The related Prospectus Supplement will provide material information
concerning the types and characteristics of the Mortgage Loans included in a
Trust Fund as of the related Cut-off Date. In the event that Mortgage Loans are
added to or deleted from the Trust Fund after the date of the related Prospectus
Supplement and prior to the Closing Date for the related series of Certificates,
the final characteristics of the Mortgage Pool will be noted in the Form 8-K.
Certain Mortgage Pools may include Mortgage Loans that are one or more
months delinquent with regard to payment of principal or interest at the time of
their deposit into a Trust Fund. The related Prospectus Supplement will set
forth the percentage of Mortgage Loans that are so delinquent. Delinquent
Mortgage Loans are more likely to result in losses than Mortgage Loans that have
a current payment status.
Under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement for each series of Certificates,
the Company will cause the Mortgage Loans constituting each Mortgage Pool to be
assigned to the Trustee for such series of Certificates, for the benefit of the
holders of all such Certificates. Such assignment of the Mortgage Loans to the
Trustee will be without recourse. See "Description of the Certificates --
Assignment of Mortgage Loans."
Underwriting Policies
The Company generally expects that the originator of each of the Mortgage
Loans will have applied, consistent with applicable federal and state laws and
regulations, underwriting procedures intended to evaluate the borrower's credit
standing and repayment ability and/or the value and adequacy of the related
property as collateral. If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
all or a portion of the Mortgage Loans constituting the Mortgage Pool for a
series of Certificates may have been acquired either directly or indirectly by
the Company through the AlterNet Mortgage Program. Any FHA Loans or VA Loans
will have been originated in compliance with the underwriting policies of the
FHA or VA, respectively. The underwriting criteria applied by the originators of
the Mortgage Loans included in a Mortgage Pool may vary significantly among
Mortgage Collateral Sellers. The related Prospectus Supplement will describe
generally certain aspects of the underwriting criteria, to the extent known by
the Company, that were applied by the originators of such Mortgage Loans. The
Company generally will
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have less detailed information concerning the origination of seasoned Mortgage
Loans than it will have concerning newly-originated Mortgage Loans.
General Standards. Generally, each Mortgagor will have been required to
complete an application designed to provide to the original lender pertinent
credit information concerning the Mortgagor. As part of the description of the
Mortgagor's financial condition, such Mortgagor will have furnished information
(which may be supplied solely in such application) with respect to its assets,
liabilities, income, credit history, employment history and personal
information, and furnished an authorization to apply for a credit report which
summarizes the borrower's credit history with local merchants and lenders and
any record of bankruptcy. The Mortgagor may also have been required to authorize
verifications of deposits at financial institutions where the Mortgagor had
demand or savings accounts. In the case of investment properties, only income
derived from the Mortgaged Property may have been considered for underwriting
purposes, rather than the income of the Mortgagor from other sources. With
respect to Mortgaged Property consisting of vacation or second homes, no income
derived from the property generally will have been considered for underwriting
purposes.
As described in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain Mortgage Loans
may have been originated under "limited documentation" or "no documentation"
programs which require less documentation and verification than do traditional
"full documentation" programs. Generally, under such a program, minimal
investigation into the Mortgagor's credit history and income profile is
undertaken by the originator and such underwriting may be based primarily or
entirely on an appraisal of the Mortgaged Property and the Loan-to-Value Ratio
at origination.
The adequacy of the Mortgaged Property as security for repayment of the
related Mortgage Loan will generally have been determined by appraisal in
accordance with pre-established appraisal procedure guidelines for appraisals
established by or acceptable to the originator. Appraisers may be staff
appraisers employed by the originator or independent appraisers selected in
accordance with pre-established guidelines established by the originator. The
appraisal procedure guidelines generally will have required the appraiser or an
agent on its behalf to personally inspect the property and to verify whether the
property was in good condition and that construction, if new, had been
substantially completed. The appraisal generally will have been based upon a
market data analysis of recent sales of comparable properties and, when deemed
applicable, an analysis based on income generated from the property or a
replacement cost analysis based on the current cost of constructing or
purchasing a similar property.
The underwriting standards applied by an originator generally require that
the underwriting officers be satisfied that the value of the property being
financed, as indicated by an appraisal or other acceptable valuation method,
currently supports and is anticipated to support in the future the outstanding
loan balance. In fact, certain states where the Mortgaged Properties may be
located have "anti-deficiency" laws requiring, in general, that lenders
providing credit on single family property look solely to the property for
repayment in the event of foreclosure. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage
Loans and Contracts." Any of these factors could change nationwide or merely
could affect a locality or region in which all or some of the Mortgaged
Properties are located. However, declining values of real estate, as experienced
recently in certain regions, or increases in the principal balances of certain
Mortgage Loans, such as GPM Loans and Neg-Am ARM Loans, could cause the
principal balance of some or all of the Mortgage Loans to exceed the value of
the Mortgaged Properties.
Based on the data provided in the application, certain verifications (if
required by the originator of the Mortgage Loan) and the appraisal or other
valuation of the Mortgaged Property, a determination will have been made by the
original lender that the Mortgagor's monthly income would be sufficient to
enable the Mortgagor to meet its monthly obligations on the Mortgage Loan and
other expenses related to the property (such as property taxes, utility costs,
standard hazard and primary mortgage insurance and, if applicable, maintenance
fees and other levies assessed by a Cooperative) and other fixed obligations
other than housing expenses including, in the case of Junior Mortgage Loans,
payments required to be made on any senior mortgage. The originator's guidelines
for Mortgage Loans generally will specify that scheduled payments on a Mortgage
Loan during the first year of its term plus taxes and insurance (including
primary mortgage insurance) and all scheduled payments on obligations that
extend beyond one year (including those mentioned above and other fixed
obligations) would equal no more than
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specified percentages of the prospective Mortgagor's gross income. The
originator may also consider the amount of liquid assets available to the
Mortgagor after origination.
The level of review by Residential Funding, if any, will vary depending on
a number of factors. Residential Funding, on behalf of the Company, generally
will review a portion of the Mortgage Loans constituting the Mortgage Pool for a
series of Certificates for conformity with the applicable underwriting standards
and to assess the likelihood of repayment of the Mortgage Loan from the various
sources for such repayment, including the Mortgagor, the Mortgaged Property, and
primary mortgage insurance, if any. In reviewing seasoned Mortgage Loans (those
which have been outstanding for more than 12 months), Residential Funding may
also take into consideration the Mortgagor's actual payment history in assessing
a Mortgagor's current ability to make payments on the Mortgage Loan. In
addition, Residential Funding may conduct additional procedures to assess the
current value of the Mortgaged Properties. Such procedures may consist of drive
by appraisals or real estate broker's price opinions. The Company may also
consider a specific area's housing value trends. These alternative valuation
methods are not generally as reliable as the type of mortgagor financial
information or appraisals that are generally obtained at origination. In its
underwriting analysis, Residential Funding may also consider the applicable
credit score of the related Mortgagor used in connection with the origination of
the Mortgage Loan (as determined based on a credit scoring model acceptable to
the Company.)
The Company anticipates that Mortgage Loans (other than the Mexico
Mortgage Loans and certain Puerto Rico Mortgage Loans) included in Mortgage
Pools for certain series of Certificates will have been originated based on
underwriting standards that are less stringent than for other mortgage loan
lending programs. In such cases, borrowers may have credit histories that
contain delinquencies on mortgage and/or consumer debts. Some borrowers may have
filed bankruptcy within a few years of the time of origination of the related
Mortgage Loan. In addition, certain Mortgage Loans with Loan-to-Value Ratios
over 80% will not be required to have the benefit of primary mortgage insurance.
Likewise, Mortgage Loans included in a Trust Fund may have been originated in
connection with a governmental program under which underwriting standards were
significantly less stringent and designed to promote home ownership or the
availability of affordable residential rental property notwithstanding higher
risks of default and losses. As discussed above, in evaluating seasoned mortgage
loans, the Company may place greater weight on payment history or market and
other economic trends and less weight on underwriting factors generally applied
to newly originated mortgage loans.
With respect to the Company's underwriting standards, as well as any other
underwriting standards that may be applicable to any Mortgage Loans, such
underwriting standards generally include a set of specific criteria pursuant to
which the underwriting evaluation is made. However, the application of such
underwriting standards does not imply that each specific criterion was satisfied
individually. Rather, a Mortgage Loan will be considered to be originated in
accordance with a given set of underwriting standards if, based on an overall
qualitative evaluation, the loan is in substantial compliance with such
underwriting standards. For example, a Mortgage Loan may be considered to comply
with a set of underwriting standards, even if one or more specific criteria
included in such underwriting standards were not satisfied, if other factors
compensated for the criteria that were not satisfied or if the Mortgage Loan is
considered to be in substantial compliance with the underwriting standards.
The AlterNet Program. The underwriting standards with respect to AlterNet
Loans will generally conform to those published in the AlterNet Seller Guide
(the "AlterNet Seller Guide"), as modified from time to time. The AlterNet
Seller Guide will set forth general underwriting standards relating to mortgage
loans made to borrowers having a range of imperfect credit histories, ranging
from minor delinquencies to borrower bankruptcies. The underwriting standards
set forth in the AlterNet Seller Guide are revised based on changing conditions
in the residential mortgage market and the market for the Company's mortgage
pass-through certificates and may also be waived by Residential Funding from
time to time. The Prospectus Supplement for each series of Certificates secured
by AlterNet Loans will set forth the general underwriting criteria applicable to
such Mortgage Loans.
A portion of AlterNet Loans generally will be reviewed by Residential
Funding or by a designated third party for compliance with applicable
underwriting criteria. Certain AlterNet Loans will be purchased from AlterNet
Program Sellers who will represent that AlterNet Loans were originated pursuant
to underwriting standards determined by a mortgage insurance company acceptable
to Residential Funding. Residential Funding may accept
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a certification from such insurance company as to an AlterNet Loan's
insurability in a mortgage pool as of the date of certification as evidence of
an AlterNet Loan conforming to applicable underwriting standards. Such
certifications will likely have been issued before the purchase of the AlterNet
Loan by Residential Funding or the Company.
FHA and VA Programs. With respect to FHA Loans and VA Loans, traditional
underwriting guidelines used by the FHA and the VA, as the case may be, which
were in effect at the time of origination of each such Mortgage Loan will have
generally been applied.
The Contracts
General
The Trust Fund for a series may include a Contract Pool evidencing
interests in Contracts originated by one or more manufactured housing dealers,
or such other entity or entities described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The Contracts may be conventional Contracts or Contracts insured by the FHA
("FHA Contracts") or partially guaranteed by the VA ("VA Contracts"). Each
Contract will be secured by a Manufactured Home. Unless otherwise specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the Contracts will be fully amortizing.
The Manufactured Homes securing the Contracts will consist of
"manufactured homes" within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. ss. 5402(6) which are
treated as "single family residences" for the purposes of the REMIC provisions
of the Code. Accordingly, a Manufactured Home will be a structure built on a
permanent chassis, which is transportable in one or more sections and
customarily used at a fixed location, has a minimum of 400 square feet of living
space and minimum width in excess of 8 1/2 feet and is designed to be used as a
dwelling with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the required
utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air conditioning, and electrical
systems contained therein.
The related Prospectus Supplement will provide information concerning the
types or characteristics of the Contracts included in a Trust Fund as of the
related Cut-off Date. In the event that Contracts are added to or deleted from
the Trust Fund after the date of the related Prospectus Supplement, the final
characteristics of the Contract Pool will be noted in the Form 8-K.
Certain Contract Pools may include Contracts that are one or more months
delinquent with regard to payment of principal or interest at the time of their
deposit into a Trust Fund. The related Prospectus Supplement will set forth the
percentage of Contracts that are delinquent and whether such Contracts have been
so delinquent more than once during the preceding twelve months. Contract Pools
that contain delinquent Contracts are more likely to sustain losses than are
Contract Pools that contain Contracts that have a current payment status.
Underwriting Policies
Conventional Contracts will comply with the underwriting policies of the
applicable originator or Mortgage Collateral Seller, which will be described in
the related Prospectus Supplement. With respect to FHA Contracts and VA
Contracts, traditional underwriting guidelines used by the FHA and the VA, as
the case may be, which were in effect at the time of origination of each such
Contract will generally have been applied.
With respect to a Contract made in connection with the Mortgagor's
purchase of a Manufactured Home, the "Appraised Value" is generally the sales
price of the Manufactured Home or the amount determined by a professional
appraiser. The appraiser must personally inspect the Manufactured Home and
prepare a report which includes market data based on recent sales of comparable
Manufactured Homes and, when deemed applicable, a replacement cost analysis
based on the current cost of a similar Manufactured Home. The Loan-to-Value
Ratio for a Contract generally will be equal to the original principal amount of
the Contract divided by the lesser of the Appraised Value or the sales price for
the Manufactured Home; however, unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, an appraisal of the Manufactured Home will not be
required.
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The Agency Securities
Government National Mortgage Association
Ginnie Mae is a wholly-owned corporate instrumentality of the United
States within HUD. Section 306(g) of Title III of the National Housing Act of
1934, as amended (the "Housing Act"), authorizes Ginnie Mae to guarantee the
timely payment of the principal of and interest on certificates representing
interests in a pool of mortgages (i) insured by the FHA, under the Housing Act
or under Title V of the Housing Act of 1949, or (ii) partially guaranteed by the
VA under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended, or under Chapter
37 of Title 38, United States Code.
Section 306(g) of the Housing Act provides that "the full faith and credit
of the United States is pledged to the payment of all amounts which may be
required to be paid under any guarantee under this subsection." In order to meet
its obligations under any such guarantee, Ginnie Mae may, under Section 306(d)
of the Housing Act, borrow from the United States Treasury an amount that is at
any time sufficient to enable Ginnie Mae to perform its obligations under its
guarantee. See "Additional Information" for the availability of further
information regarding Ginnie Mae and Ginnie Mae Securities.
Ginnie Mae Securities
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, each
Ginnie Mae Security relating to a series (which may be a "Ginnie Mae I
Certificate" or a "Ginnie Mae II Certificate" as referred to by Ginnie Mae) will
be a "fully modified pass-through" mortgage-backed certificate issued and
serviced by a mortgage banking company or other financial concern approved by
Ginnie Mae, except with respect to any stripped mortgage backed securities
guaranteed by Ginnie Mae or any REMIC securities issued by Ginnie Mae. The
characteristics of any Ginnie Mae Securities included in the Trust Fund for a
series of Certificates will be set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the United States created
pursuant to Title III of the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970, as amended (the
"Freddie Mac Act"). Freddie Mac was established primarily for the purpose of
increasing the availability of mortgage credit for the financing of needed
housing. The principal activity of Freddie Mac currently consists of purchasing
first-lien, conventional, residential mortgage loans or participation interests
in such mortgage loans and reselling the mortgage loans so purchased in the form
of guaranteed mortgage securities, primarily Freddie Mac Securities. In 1981,
Freddie Mac initiated its Home Mortgage Guaranty Program under which it
purchases mortgage loans from sellers with Freddie Mac Securities representing
interests in the mortgage loans so purchased. All mortgage loans purchased by
Freddie Mac must meet certain standards set forth in the Freddie Mac Act.
Freddie Mac is confined to purchasing, so far as practicable, mortgage loans
that it deems to be of such quality and type as to meet generally the purchase
standards imposed by private institutional mortgage investors. See "Additional
Information" for the availability of further information regarding Freddie Mac
and Freddie Mac Securities. Neither the United States nor any agency thereof is
obligated to finance Freddie Mac's operations or to assist Freddie Mac in any
other manner.
Freddie Mac Securities
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, each
Freddie Mac Security relating to a series will represent an undivided interest
in a pool of mortgage loans that typically consists of conventional loans (but
may include FHA Loans and VA Loans) purchased by Freddie Mac, except with
respect to any stripped mortgage backed securities issued by Freddie Mac. Each
such pool will consist of mortgage loans (i) substantially all of which are
secured by one- to four-family residential properties or (ii) if specified in
the related Prospectus
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Supplement, are secured by five or more family residential properties. The
characteristics of any Freddie Mac Securities included in the Trust Fund for a
series of Certificates will be set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Federal National Mortgage Association
Fannie Mae is a federally chartered and privately owned corporation
organized and existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter
Act (12 U.S.C. ss. 1716 et seq.). It is the nation's largest supplier of
residential mortgage funds. Fannie Mae was originally established in 1938 as a
United States government agency to provide supplemental liquidity to the
mortgage market and was transformed into a stockholder-owned and privately
managed corporation by legislation enacted in 1968. Fannie Mae provides funds to
the mortgage market primarily by purchasing home mortgage loans from local
lenders, thereby replenishing their funds for additional lending. See
"Additional Information" for the availability of further information respecting
Fannie Mae and Fannie Mae Securities. Although the Secretary of the Treasury of
the United States has authority to lend Fannie Mae up to $2.25 billion
outstanding at any time, neither the United States nor any agency thereof is
obligated to finance Fannie Mae's operations or to assist Fannie Mae in any
other manner.
Fannie Mae Securities
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, each
Fannie Mae Security relating to a series will represent a fractional undivided
interest in a pool of mortgage loans formed by Fannie Mae, except with respect
to any stripped mortgage backed securities issued by Fannie Mae. Mortgage loans
underlying Fannie Mae Securities will consist of (i) fixed, variable or
adjustable rate conventional mortgage loans or (ii) fixed-rate FHA Loans or VA
Loans. Such mortgage loans may be secured by either one- to four-family or
multi-family residential properties. The characteristics of any Fannie Mae
Securities included in the Trust Fund for a series of Certificates will be set
forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Mortgage Collateral Sellers
The Mortgage Collateral to be included in a Trust Fund will be purchased
by the Company directly or indirectly (through Residential Funding or other
affiliates) from Mortgage Collateral Sellers that may be (a) banks, savings and
loan associations, mortgage bankers, investment banking firms, insurance
companies, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC") and other
mortgage loan originators or sellers not affiliated with the Company (each, an
"Unaffiliated Seller") or (b) HomeComings Financial Network, Inc. and GMAC
Mortgage Corporation and its affiliates (each, an "Affiliated Seller"). Such
purchases may occur by one or more of the following methods: (i) one or more
direct or indirect purchases from Unaffiliated Sellers, which may occur
simultaneously with the issuance of the Certificates or which may occur over an
extended period of time; (ii) one or more direct or indirect purchases through
the AlterNet Mortgage Program; or (iii) one or more purchases from Affiliated
Sellers. Certain of the Mortgage Loans may be purchased pursuant to agreements
relating to ongoing purchases of Mortgage Loans by Residential Funding ("Master
Commitments"). The Prospectus Supplement for a series of Certificates will
disclose the method or methods used to acquire the Mortgage Collateral for such
series. The Company may issue one or more classes of Certificates to a Mortgage
Collateral Seller as consideration for the purchase of the Mortgage Collateral
securing such series of Certificates, if so described in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
The Mortgage Collateral Sellers that participate in the AlterNet Mortgage
Program (each, an "AlterNet Program Seller") will have been selected by
Residential Funding on the basis of criteria set forth in the AlterNet Seller
Guide. An AlterNet Program Seller may be an affiliate of the Company and the
Company presently anticipates that GMAC Mortgage Corporation, HomeComings
Financial Network, Inc. and Residential Money Centers, Inc., each an affiliate
of the Company, will be AlterNet Program Sellers. Each AlterNet Program Seller
generally will have been a HUD-approved mortgagee or a financial institution
supervised by a federal or state
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authority and will have demonstrated, in the judgment of the Company, sufficient
experience (which may be through a predecessor entity) in originating mortgage
loans. If an AlterNet Program Seller becomes subject to the direct or indirect
control of the FDIC or if an AlterNet Program Seller's net worth, financial
performance or delinquency and foreclosure rates are adversely impacted, such
institution may continue to be treated as an AlterNet Program Seller. Any such
event may adversely affect the ability of any such AlterNet Program Seller to
repurchase Mortgage Collateral in the event of a breach of a representation or
warranty which has not been cured. See "--Repurchases of Mortgage Collateral"
below.
Representations with Respect to Mortgage Collateral
Mortgage Collateral Sellers generally will make certain limited
representations and warranties with respect to the Mortgage Collateral that they
sell. However, Mortgage Collateral purchased from certain Unaffiliated Sellers
may be purchased with very limited representations and warranties. The Company
will assign to the Trustee for the benefit of the related Certificateholders all
of its right, title and interest in each agreement pursuant to which it
purchased any item of Mortgage Collateral from a Mortgage Collateral Seller, to
the extent such agreement relates to (i) the representations and warranties made
by a Mortgage Collateral Seller or Residential Funding, as the case may be, in
respect of such item of Mortgage Collateral and (ii) any remedies provided for
any breach of such representations and warranties.
With respect to any Mortgage Loan (including AlterNet Loans) or Contract
constituting a part of the Trust Fund, unless otherwise disclosed in the related
Prospectus Supplement, Residential Funding generally will represent and warrant
that: (i) as of the Cut-off Date, the information set forth in a listing of the
related Mortgage Loan or Contract was true and correct in all material respects;
(ii) except in the case of Cooperative Loans, a policy of title insurance was
effective or attorney's certificate was received at origination, and each policy
remained in full force and effect on the date of sale of the related Mortgage
Loan or Contract to the Company; (iii) to the best of Residential Funding's
knowledge, if required by applicable underwriting standards, the Mortgage Loan
or Contract is the subject of a Primary Insurance Policy; (iv) Residential
Funding had good title to the Mortgage Loan or Contract and the Mortgage Loan or
Contract is not subject to offsets, defenses or counterclaims except as may be
provided under the Relief Act and except with respect to any buydown agreement
for a Buy-Down Loan; (v) each Mortgaged Property is free of material damage and
in good repair; (vi) the Mortgage Loan or Contract was not one or more months
delinquent in payment of principal and interest as of the related Cut-off Date;
and (vii) there is no delinquent tax or assessment lien against the related
Mortgaged Property.
In the event of a breach of a representation or warranty made by
Residential Funding that materially adversely affects the interests of the
Certificateholders in the Mortgage Loan or Contract, Residential Funding will be
obligated to repurchase any such Mortgage Loan or Contract or substitute for
such Mortgage Loan or Contract as described below. In addition, unless otherwise
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, Residential Funding will be
obligated to repurchase or substitute for any Mortgage Loan as to which it is
discovered that the related Mortgage does not create a valid lien having at
least the priority represented and warranted in the related Pooling and
Servicing Agreement or, in the case of a Contract a perfected security interest
in, the related Mortgaged Property (or, with respect to a Cooperative Loan, the
related shares of stock and proprietary lease, and with respect to a Mexico
Mortgage Loan, the Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest), subject only to (a) liens
of real property taxes and assessments not yet due and payable, (b) covenants,
conditions and restrictions, rights of way, easements and other matters of
public record as of the date of recording of such Mortgage and certain other
permissible title exceptions, (c) liens of any senior mortgages, in the case of
Junior Mortgage Loans and (d) other encumbrances to which like properties are
commonly subject which do not materially adversely affect the value, use,
enjoyment or marketability of the Mortgaged Property. In addition, unless
otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, with respect to any
Mortgage Loan or Contract as to which the Company delivers to the Trustee an
affidavit certifying that the original Mortgage Note or Contract has been lost
or destroyed, if such Mortgage Loan or Contract subsequently is in default and
the enforcement thereof or of the related Mortgage or Contract is materially
adversely affected by the absence of the original Mortgage Note or Contract,
Residential Funding will be obligated to repurchase or substitute for such
Mortgage Loan or Contract in the manner described below. However, unless
otherwise set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement, Residential Funding
will not be required to repurchase or substitute for any Mortgage Loan or
Contract if the circumstances giving rise to such requirement
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also constitute fraud in the origination of the related Mortgage Loan or
Contract. Furthermore, because the listing of the related Mortgage Collateral
generally contains information with respect to the Mortgage Collateral as of the
Cut-off Date, prepayments and, in certain limited circumstances, modifications
to the interest rate and principal and interest payments may have been made with
respect to one or more of the related items of Mortgage Collateral between the
Cut-off Date and the Closing Date. Neither Residential Funding nor any Seller
will be required to repurchase or substitute for any item of Mortgage Collateral
as a result of any such prepayment or modification.
All of the representations and warranties of a Mortgage Collateral Seller
in respect of an item of Mortgage Collateral will have been made as of the date
on which such Mortgage Collateral Seller sold the Mortgage Collateral to the
Company or Residential Funding or one of their affiliates. The date as of which
such representations and warranties were made generally will be a date prior to
the date of issuance of the related series of Certificates. A substantial period
of time may elapse between the date as of which the representations and
warranties were made and the date of issuance of the related series of
Certificates. The Mortgage Collateral Seller's repurchase obligation (or, if
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, limited substitution option)
will not arise if, after the sale of the related Mortgage Collateral, an event
occurs that would have given rise to such an obligation had the event occurred
prior to such period.
Repurchases of Mortgage Collateral
If a Mortgage Collateral Seller or Residential Funding, as the case may
be, cannot cure a breach of any representation or warranty made by it in respect
of an item of Mortgage Collateral within 90 days after notice from the Master
Servicer, the Servicer, the Certificate Administrator or the Trustee, and such
breach materially and adversely affects the interests of the Certificateholders
in such item of Mortgage Collateral, such Mortgage Collateral Seller or
Residential Funding, as the case may be, will be obligated to purchase such item
of Mortgage Collateral at a price set forth in the related Pooling and Servicing
Agreement or Trust Agreement. Likewise, as described under "Description of the
Certificates -- Review of Mortgage Loan or Contract Documents," if the Company
or the Mortgage Collateral Seller, as applicable, cannot cure certain
documentary defects with respect to a Mortgage Loan or Contract, the Company or
the Mortgage Collateral Seller, as applicable, will be required to repurchase
such item of Mortgage Collateral. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the "Purchase Price" for any such item of Mortgage
Collateral will be equal to the principal balance thereof as of the date of
purchase plus accrued and unpaid interest to the first day of the month
following the month of repurchase (less the amount, expressed as a percentage
per annum, payable in respect of servicing or administrative compensation and
the Spread, if any). In certain limited cases, a substitution may be made in
lieu of such repurchase obligation. See "Limited Right of Substitution" below.
The Master Servicer, the Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as
applicable, will be required under the applicable Pooling and Servicing
Agreement or Trust Agreement to enforce this repurchase obligation, or the
substitution right described below, for the benefit of the Trustee and the
Certificateholders, using practices it would employ in its good faith business
judgment and which are normal and usual in its general mortgage servicing
activities. If, as a result of a breach of representation or warranty, a
Mortgage Collateral Seller is required, but fails, to repurchase the related
Mortgage Collateral, the Company or Residential Funding will only be required to
repurchase such Mortgage Collateral if the Company or Residential Funding has
assumed such representations and warranties. Consequently, such Mortgage
Collateral will remain in the related Trust Fund and any related losses not
borne by any applicable credit enhancement will be borne by Certificateholders.
If the Mortgage Collateral Seller fails to honor its repurchase or substitution
obligation, such obligation will not become an obligation of Residential
Funding, the Master Servicer or Servicer (although Residential Funding, the
Master Servicer or Servicer may have an independent obligation to repurchase or
substitute for such Mortgage Collateral). In instances where a Mortgage
Collateral Seller is unable or disputes its obligation to repurchase affected
Mortgage Collateral, the Master Servicer or Servicer, using practices it would
employ in its good faith business judgment and which are normal and usual in its
general mortgage servicing activities, may negotiate and enter into settlement
agreements with such Mortgage Collateral Seller that could provide for, among
other things, the repurchase of only a portion of the affected Mortgage
Collateral. Any such settlement could lead to losses on the Mortgage Collateral
which would be borne by the related Certificateholders. In accordance with the
above described practices, the Master Servicer or Servicer will not be required
to enforce any purchase obligation of a Mortgage Collateral Seller arising from
any
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misrepresentation by the Mortgage Collateral Seller, if the Master Servicer or
Servicer determines in the reasonable exercise of its business judgment that the
matters related to such misrepresentation did not directly cause or are not
likely to directly cause a loss on the related Mortgage Collateral. Unless
otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the foregoing
repurchase obligations and the limited right of substitution (described below)
will constitute the sole remedies available to Certificateholders or the Trustee
for a breach of any representation by a Mortgage Collateral Seller in its
capacity as a seller of Mortgage Collateral, or for any other event giving rise
to such obligations as described above.
The Company and Residential Funding generally monitor which Mortgage
Collateral Sellers are under the control of the FDIC, or are insolvent,
otherwise in receivership or conservatorship or financially distressed. Such
Mortgage Collateral Sellers may not be able or permitted to repurchase Mortgage
Collateral for which there has been a breach of representation or warranty.
Moreover, any such Mortgage Collateral Seller may make no representations or
warranties with respect to Mortgage Collateral sold by it. The FDIC (either in
its corporate capacity or as receiver for a depository institution), may also be
a Mortgage Collateral Seller, in which event neither the FDIC nor the related
depository institution may make representations or warranties with respect to
the Mortgage Collateral sold, or only limited representations or warranties may
be made (for example, that the related legal documents are enforceable). The
FDIC may have no obligation to repurchase any Mortgage Collateral for a breach
of a representation or warranty.
Limited Right of Substitution
In the case of a Mortgage Loan or Contract required to be repurchased from
the Trust Fund (a "Repurchased Mortgage Loan" or a "Repurchased Contract,"
respectively) the related Mortgage Collateral Seller or Residential Funding, as
applicable, may substitute a new Mortgage Loan or Contract (a "Qualified
Substitute Mortgage Loan" or a "Qualified Substitute Contract," respectively)
for the Repurchased Mortgage Loan or Contract that was removed from the Trust
Fund, during the limited time period described below. Any such substitution must
be effected within 120 days of the date of the issuance of the Certificates with
respect to a Trust Fund for which no REMIC election is to be made. With respect
to a Trust Fund for which a REMIC election is to be made, except as otherwise
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, such substitution must be
effected within two years of the date of the issuance of the Certificates, and
may not be made if such substitution would cause the Trust Fund to fail to
qualify as a REMIC or result in a prohibited transaction tax under the Code.
Except as otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, any
Qualified Substitute Mortgage Loan or Qualified Substitute Contract generally
will, on the date of substitution: (i) have an outstanding principal balance,
after deduction of the principal portion of the monthly payment due in the month
of substitution, not in excess of the outstanding principal balance of the
Repurchased Mortgage Loan or Repurchased Contract; (ii) have a Mortgage Rate and
a Net Mortgage Rate not less than (and not more than one percentage point
greater than) the Mortgage Rate and Net Mortgage Rate, respectively, of the
Repurchased Mortgage Loan or Repurchased Contract as of the date of
substitution; (iii) have a Loan-to-Value Ratio at the time of substitution no
higher than that of the Repurchased Mortgage Loan or Repurchased Contract; (iv)
have a remaining term to maturity not greater than (and not more than one year
less than) that of the Repurchased Mortgage Loan or Repurchased Contract; (v) be
secured by Mortgaged Property located in the United States, unless the
Repurchased Mortgage Loan was a Mexico Mortgage Loan or a Puerto Rico Mortgage
Loan, in which case the Qualified Substitute Mortgage Loan may be a Mexico
Mortgage Loan or a Puerto Rico Mortgage Loan, respectively; and (vi) comply with
all of the representations and warranties set forth in the related Pooling and
Servicing Agreement as of the date of substitution. In the event the outstanding
principal balance of a Qualified Substitute Mortgage Loan or Qualified
Substitute Contract is less than the outstanding principal balance of the
related Repurchased Mortgage Loan or Repurchased Contract, the amount of such
shortfall shall be deposited into the Custodial Account in the month of
substitution for distribution to the related Certificateholders. The related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement may include additional requirements relating to
ARM Loans or other specific types of Mortgage Loans or Contracts, or additional
provisions relating to meeting the foregoing requirements on an aggregate basis
where a number of substitutions occur contemporaneously. Unless otherwise
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a Mortgage Collateral Seller
will have no option to substitute for a Mortgage Loan or Contract that it is
obligated to repurchase in connection with a breach of a representation and
warranty.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES
General
The Certificates will be issued in series. Each series of Certificates
(or, in certain instances, two or more series of Certificates) will be issued
pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing Agreement or, in the case of Certificates
backed by Agency Securities, a Trust Agreement, similar to one of the forms
filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a
part. Each Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement will be filed with
the Commission as an exhibit to a Form 8-K. The following summaries (together
with additional summaries under "The Pooling and Servicing Agreement" below)
describe certain provisions relating to the Certificates common to each Pooling
and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement. All references herein to a "Pooling
and Servicing Agreement" and any discussion of the provisions thereof will also
apply to Trust Agreements. The summaries do not purport to be complete and are
subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the
provisions of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement for each Trust Fund and the
related Prospectus Supplement.
Each series of Certificates may consist of any one or a combination of the
following: (i) a single class of Certificates; (ii) two or more classes of
Certificates, one or more classes of which may be Senior Certificates that are
senior in right of payment to any class or classes of Mezzanine Certificates and
to any other class or classes of Subordinate Certificates, and as to which
certain classes of Senior Certificates may be senior to other classes of Senior
Certificates, as described in the respective Prospectus Supplement (any such
series, a "Senior/Subordinate Series"); (iii) one or more classes of Strip
Certificates which will be entitled to (a) principal distributions, with
disproportionate, nominal or no interest distributions or (b) interest
distributions, with disproportionate, nominal or no principal distributions;
(iv) two or more classes of Certificates which differ as to the timing,
sequential order, rate, pass-through rate or amount of distributions of
principal or interest or both, or as to which distributions of principal or
interest or both on any class may be made upon the occurrence of specified
events, in accordance with a schedule or formula (including "planned
amortization classes" and "targeted amortization classes"), or on the basis of
collections from designated portions of the Mortgage Pool or Contract Pool,
which series may include one or more classes of Accrual Certificates with
respect to which certain accrued interest will not be distributed but rather
will be added to the principal balance thereof on each Distribution Date for the
period described in the related Prospectus Supplement; or (v) other types of
classes of Certificates, as described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Credit support for each series of Certificates will be provided by a Mortgage
Pool Insurance Policy, Special Hazard Insurance Policy, Bankruptcy Bond, Letter
of Credit, Reserve Fund, Certificate Insurance Policy or other credit
enhancement as described under "Description of Credit Enhancement," or by the
subordination of one or more classes of Certificates as described under
"Subordination" or by any combination of the foregoing.
Form of Certificates
As specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Certificates of
each series will be issued either as physical certificates or in book-entry
form. If issued as physical certificates, the Certificates will be in fully
registered form only in the denominations specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, and will be transferrable and exchangeable at the corporate trust
office of the person appointed under the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement
to register the Certificates (the "Certificate Registrar "). No service charge
will be made for any registration of exchange or transfer of Certificates, but
the Trustee may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge. The term "Certificateholder" as used herein refers to the
entity whose name appears on the records of the Certificate Registrar (or, if
applicable, a transfer agent) as the registered holder thereof, except as
otherwise indicated in the related Prospectus Supplement.
If issued in book-entry form, specified classes of a series of
Certificates will be initially issued through the book-entry facilities of The
Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), or Cedel Bank, societe anonyme ("CEDEL") or
the Euroclear System ("Euroclear") (in Europe) if they are participants of such
systems, or indirectly through organizations which are participants in such
systems, or through such other depository or facility as may be specified
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in the related Prospectus Supplement. As to any such class of Certificates so
issued ("Book-Entry Certificates"), the record holder of such Certificates will
be DTC's nominee. CEDEL and Euroclear will hold omnibus positions on behalf of
their participants through customers' securities accounts in CEDEL's and
Euroclear's names on the books of their respective depositaries (the
"Depositaries"), which in turn will hold such positions in customers' securities
accounts in the depositaries' names on the books of DTC.
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the laws of the
State of New York, which holds securities for its participating organizations
("DTC Participants," and together with the CEDEL and Euroclear participating
organizations, "Participants") and facilitates the clearance and settlement of
securities transactions between Participants through electronic book-entry
changes in the accounts of Participants. Participants include securities brokers
and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations and may include
certain other organizations. Other institutions that are not Participants but
clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with Participants (such
institutions, "Indirect Participants") have indirect access to DTC's clearance
system.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, no person
acquiring an interest in any Book-Entry Certificate (each such person, a
"Beneficial Owner") will be entitled to receive a Certificate representing such
interest in registered, certificated form, unless either (i) DTC ceases to act
as depository in respect thereof and a successor depository is not obtained or
(ii) the Company elects in its sole discretion to discontinue the registration
of such Certificates through DTC. Prior to any such event, Beneficial Owners
will not be recognized by the Trustee, the Master Servicer, any Servicer or the
Certificate Administrator as holders of the related Certificates for purposes of
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, and Beneficial Owners will be able to
exercise their rights as owners of such Certificates only indirectly through
DTC, Participants and Indirect Participants. Any Beneficial Owner that desires
to purchase, sell or otherwise transfer any interest in Book-Entry Certificates
may do so only through DTC, either directly if such Beneficial Owner is a
Participant or indirectly through Participants and, if applicable, Indirect
Participants. Pursuant to the procedures of DTC, transfers of the beneficial
ownership of any Book-Entry Certificates will be required to be made in minimum
denominations specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The ability of a
Beneficial Owner to pledge Book-Entry Certificates to persons or entities that
are not Participants in the DTC system, or to otherwise act with respect to such
Certificates, may be limited because of the lack of physical certificates
evidencing such Certificates and because DTC may act only on behalf of
Participants.
Because of time zone differences, the securities account of a CEDEL or
Euroclear participant as a result of a transaction with a DTC Participant (other
than a depositary holding on behalf of CEDEL or Euroclear) will be credited
during the subsequent securities settlement processing day (which must be a
business day for CEDEL or Euroclear, as the case may be) immediately following
the DTC settlement date. Such credits or any transactions in such securities
settled during such processing will be reported to the relevant Euroclear
Participant or CEDEL Participants on such business day. Cash received in CEDEL
or Euroclear as a result of sales of securities by or through a CEDEL
Participant or Euroclear Participant to a DTC Participant (other than the
depositary for CEDEL or Euroclear) will be received with value on the DTC
settlement date, but will be available in the relevant CEDEL or Euroclear cash
account only as of the business day following settlement in DTC.
Transfers between Participants will occur in accordance with DTC rules.
Transfers between CEDEL Participants and Euroclear Participants will occur in
accordance with their respective rules and operating procedures.
Cross-market transfers between persons holding directly or indirectly
through DTC, on the one hand, and directly or indirectly through CEDEL
Participants or Euroclear Participants, on the other, will be effected by DTC in
accordance with DTC rules on behalf of the relevant European international
clearing system by the relevant Depositaries; however, such cross-market
transactions will require delivery of instructions to the relevant European
international clearing system by the counterparty in such system in accordance
with its rules and procedures and within its established deadlines (European
time). The relevant European international clearing system will, if the
transaction meets its settlement requirements, deliver instructions to its
Depositary to take action to effect final settlement on its behalf by delivering
or receiving securities in DTC, and making or receiving payment in
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accordance with normal procedures for same day funds settlement applicable to
DTC. CEDEL Participants and Euroclear Participants may not deliver instructions
directly to the Depositaries.
CEDEL is incorporated under the laws of Luxembourg as a professional
depository. CEDEL holds securities for its participating organizations ("CEDEL
Participants") and facilitates the clearance and settlement of securities
transactions between CEDEL Participants through electronic book-entry changes in
accounts of CEDEL Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical
movement of certificates. Transactions may be settled in CEDEL in any of 28
currencies, including United States dollars. CEDEL provides to its CEDEL
Participants, among other things, services for safekeeping, administration,
clearance and settlement of internationally traded securities and securities
lending and borrowing. CEDEL interfaces with domestic markets in several
countries. As a professional depository, CEDEL is subject to regulation by the
Luxembourg Monetary Institute. CEDEL participants are recognized financial
institutions around the world, including underwriters, securities brokers and
dealers, banks, trust companies, checkering corporations and certain other
organizations. Indirect access to CEDEL is also available to others, such as
banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a
custodial relationship with a CEDEL Participant, either directly or indirectly.
Euroclear was created in 1968 to hold securities for participants of
Euroclear ("Euroclear Participants") and to clear and settle transactions
between Euroclear Participants through simultaneous electronic book-entry
delivery against payment, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of
certificates and any risk from lack of simultaneous transfers of securities and
cash. Transactions may now be settled in any of 31 currencies, including United
States dollars. Euroclear includes various other services, including securities
lending and borrowing and interfaces with domestic markets in several countries
generally similar to the arrangements for cross-market transfers with DTC
described above. Euroclear is operated by the Brussels, Belgium office of Morgan
Guaranty Trust Company of New York (the "Euroclear Operator"), under contract
with Euroclear Clearance Systems S.C., a Belgian co-operative corporation (the
"Cooperative"). All operations are conducted by the Euroclear Operator, and all
Euroclear securities clearance accounts and Euroclear cash accounts are accounts
with the Euroclear Operator, not the Cooperative. The Cooperative establishes
policy for Euroclear on behalf of Euroclear Participants. Euroclear Participants
include banks (including central banks), securities brokers and dealers and
other professional financial intermediaries. Indirect access to Euroclear is
also available to other firms that clear through or maintain a custodial
relationship with a Euroclear Participant, either directly or indirectly.
The Euroclear Operator is the Belgian branch of a New York banking
corporation which is a member bank of the Federal Reserve System. As such, it is
regulated and examined by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
and the New York State Banking Department, as well as the Belgian Banking
Commission. Securities clearance accounts and cash accounts with the Euroclear
Operator are governed by the Terms and Conditions Governing Use of Euroclear and
the related Operating Procedures of the Euroclear System and applicable Belgian
law (collectively, the "Terms and Conditions"). The Terms and Conditions govern
transfers of securities and cash within Euroclear, withdrawals of securities and
cash from Euroclear, and receipts of payments with respect to securities in
Euroclear. All securities in Euroclear are held on a fungible basis without
attribution of specific certificates to specific securities clearance accounts.
The Euroclear Operator acts under the Terms and Conditions only on behalf of
Euroclear Participants, and has no record of or relationship with persons
holding through Euroclear Participants.
Distributions in respect of the Book-Entry Certificates will be forwarded
by the Trustee to DTC, and DTC will be responsible for forwarding such payments
to Participants, each of which will be responsible for disbursing such payments
to the Beneficial Owners it represents or, if applicable, to Indirect
Participants. Accordingly, Beneficial Owners may experience delays in the
receipt of payments in respect of their Certificates. Under DTC's procedures,
DTC will take actions permitted to be taken by holders of any class of
Book-Entry Certificates under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement only at the
direction of one or more Participants to whose account the Book-Entry
Certificates are credited and whose aggregate holdings represent no less than
any minimum amount of Percentage Interests or voting rights required therefor.
DTC may take conflicting actions with respect to any action of
Certificateholders of any Class to the extent that Participants authorize such
actions. None of the Master Servicer, any Servicer, the Company, the Certificate
Administrator, the Trustee or any of their respective affiliates will have any
liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account
of beneficial ownership interests
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in the Book-Entry Certificates, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any
records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
Assignment of Mortgage Loans
At the time of issuance of a series of Certificates, the Company will
cause the Mortgage Loans being included in the related Trust Fund to be assigned
to the Trustee or its nominee (which may be the Custodian) together with all
principal and interest received on or with respect to such Mortgage Loans after
the Cut-off Date (other than principal and interest due on or before the Cut-off
Date and any Spread). The Trustee will, concurrently with such assignment,
deliver a series of Certificates to the Company in exchange for the Mortgage
Loans. Each Mortgage Loan will be identified in a schedule appearing as an
exhibit to the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement. Such schedule will
include, among other things, information as to the principal balance of each
Mortgage Loan as of the Cut-off Date, as well as information respecting the
Mortgage Rate, the currently scheduled monthly payment of principal and
interest, the maturity of the Mortgage Note and the Loan-to-Value Ratio or
Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio and Junior Mortgage Ratio, as applicable, at
origination or modification (without regard to any secondary financing).
In addition, the Company will, as to each Mortgage Loan other than a
Mortgage Loan underlying any Agency Securities, deliver to the Trustee (or to
the Custodian) the legal documents relating to such Mortgage Loan that are in
possession of the Company, which may include: (i) the note evidencing such
Mortgage Loan (the "Mortgage Note") (and any modification or amendment thereto)
endorsed without recourse either in blank or to the order of the Trustee (or its
nominee); (ii) the Mortgage (except for any Mortgage not returned from the
public recording office) with evidence of recording indicated thereon or, in the
case of a Cooperative Loan or a Mexico Mortgage Loan, the respective security
agreements and any applicable UCC financing statements; (iii) an assignment in
recordable form of the Mortgage (or, with respect to a Cooperative Loan, an
assignment of the respective security agreements, any applicable UCC financing
statements, recognition agreements, relevant stock certificates, related blank
stock powers and the related proprietary leases or occupancy agreements, and
with respect to a Mexico Mortgage Loan, an assignment of the Mortgagor's
Beneficial Interest); and (iv) if applicable, any riders or modifications to
such Mortgage Note and Mortgage, together with certain other documents at such
times as set forth in the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement. Such
assignments may be blanket assignments covering Mortgages secured by Mortgaged
Properties located in the same county, if permitted by law. If so provided in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the Company may not be required to deliver
one or more of such documents if such documents are missing from the files of
the party from whom such Mortgage Loans were purchased.
In the event that, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, the Company cannot
deliver the Mortgage or any assignment with evidence of recording thereon
concurrently with the execution and delivery of the related Pooling and
Servicing Agreement because of a delay caused by the public recording office,
the Company will deliver or cause to be delivered to the Trustee or the
Custodian a true and correct photocopy of such Mortgage or assignment. The
Company will deliver or cause to be delivered to the Trustee or the Custodian
such Mortgage or assignment with evidence of recording indicated thereon after
receipt thereof from the public recording office or from the related Servicer or
Sub-Servicer.
With respect to any Puerto Rico Mortgage Loans, the Mortgages with respect
to such Mortgage Loans either (i) secure a specific obligation for the benefit
of a specified person (a "Direct Puerto Rico Mortgage") or (ii) secure an
instrument transferable by endorsement (an "Endorsable Puerto Rico Mortgage").
Endorsable Puerto Rico Mortgages do not require an assignment to transfer the
related lien. Rather, transfer of such mortgages follows an effective
endorsement of the related Mortgage Note and, therefore, delivery of the
assignment referred to in clause (iii) of the second preceding paragraph would
be inapplicable. Direct Puerto Rico Mortgages, however, require an assignment to
be recorded with respect to any transfer of the related lien and such assignment
would be delivered to the Trustee (or the Custodian).
Assignments of the Mortgage Loans to the Trustee will be recorded in the
appropriate public recording office, except in states where, in the opinion of
counsel acceptable to the Trustee, such recording is not required to protect the
Trustee's interests in the Mortgage Loan against the claim of any subsequent
transferee or any
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successor to or creditor of the Company or the originator of such Mortgage Loan,
or except as otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Assignment of Contracts
The Company will cause the Contracts constituting the Contract Pool to be
assigned to the Trustee or its nominee (which may be the Custodian), together
with principal and interest due on or with respect to the Contracts after the
Cut-off Date, but not including principal and interest due on or before the
Cut-off Date or any Spread. Each Contract will be identified in a schedule
appearing as an exhibit to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. Such schedule
will specify, with respect to each Contract, among other things: the original
principal amount and the adjusted principal balance as of the close of business
on the Cut-off Date; the Mortgage Rate; the current scheduled monthly level
payment of principal and interest; and the maturity date of the Contract.
In addition, the Company, the Servicer or the Master Servicer, as to each
Contract, will deliver or cause to be delivered to the Trustee, or, as specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Custodian, the original Contract and
copies of documents and instruments related to each Contract and the security
interest in the Manufactured Home securing each Contract. The Company, the
Master Servicer or the Servicer will cause a UCC-1 financing statement to be
executed by the Company identifying the Trustee as the secured party and
identifying all Contracts as collateral. However, unless otherwise specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the Contracts will not be stamped or
otherwise marked to reflect their assignment from the Company to the Trust Fund
and no recordings or filings will be made in the jurisdictions in which the
Manufactured Homes are located. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans and
Contracts -- The Contracts."
Review of Mortgage Loan or Contract Documents
The Trustee or the Custodian will hold such documents in trust for the
benefit of the Certificateholders and, generally within 45 days after receipt
thereof, will review such documents. Unless otherwise provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, if any such document is found to be defective in any
material respect, the Trustee or such Custodian shall immediately notify the
Master Servicer or the Servicer, if any, and the Company, and if so specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the Master Servicer, the Servicer or the
Trustee shall immediately notify the Mortgage Collateral Seller. If the Mortgage
Collateral Seller (or, if so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Company) cannot cure such defect within 60 days (or within such other period
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement) after notice of the defect is
given to the Mortgage Collateral Seller (or, if applicable, the Company), the
Mortgage Collateral Seller (or, if applicable, the Company) will, not later than
90 days after such notice (or within such other period specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement), either repurchase the related Mortgage Loan or Contract
or any property acquired in respect thereof from the Trustee or substitute for
such Mortgage Loan or Contract, a new Mortgage Loan or Contract in accordance
with the standards set forth herein. See "The Trust Funds -- Repurchases of
Mortgage Collateral." Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the obligation to repurchase or substitute for a Mortgage Loan or
Contract constitutes the sole remedy available to the Certificateholders or the
Trustee for a material defect in a constituent document.
Assignment of Agency Securities
The Company will transfer, convey and assign to the Trustee or its nominee
(which may be the Custodian) all right, title and interest of the Company in the
Agency Securities and other property to be included in the Trust Fund for a
series. Such assignment will include all principal and interest due on or with
respect to the Agency Securities after the Cut-off Date specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement (except for any Spread). The Company will cause the Agency
Securities to be registered in the name of the Trustee or its nominee, and the
Trustee will concurrently authenticate and deliver the Certificates. Unless
otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Trustee will not
be in possession of or be assignee of record of any underlying assets for an
Agency Security. Each Agency Security will be identified in a schedule appearing
as an exhibit to the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement, which will specify
as to each Agency Security the original principal amount and
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outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date; the annual pass-through
rate or interest rate for each Agency Security conveyed to the Trustee.
Spread
The Company, the Servicer, the Mortgage Collateral Seller, the Master
Servicer or any of their affiliates, or such other entity as may be specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement may retain or be paid a portion of interest
(the "Spread") due with respect to the related Mortgage Collateral. The payment
of any Spread will be disclosed in the related Prospectus Supplement. The Spread
may be in addition to any other payment (such as the Servicing Fee) that any
such entity is otherwise entitled to receive with respect to the Mortgage
Collateral. Any Spread in respect of an item of Mortgage Collateral will
represent a specified portion of the interest payable thereon and will not be
part of the related Trust Fund. Any partial recovery of interest in respect of
an item of Mortgage Collateral will be allocated between the owners of any
Spread and the Certificateholders entitled to payments of interest as provided
in the applicable Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
Payments on Mortgage Collateral
The Trustee or the Master Servicer, if any, will, as to each series of
Certificates, establish and maintain in trust the Certificate Account which will
be a separate account that may be interest bearing or non-interest bearing in
the name of the Trustee, maintained with a depository institution and in a
manner acceptable to each Rating Agency. If permitted by each such Rating
Agency, a Certificate Account may contain funds relating to one or more series
of Certificates.
The Trustee, the Servicer or the Master Servicer, if any, will establish a
Custodial Account which will be a separate trust account, into which payments on
the Mortgage Collateral for such series may be transferred on a periodic basis
and from which funds may be transferred to the Certificate Account in order to
make payments to Certificateholders. The Custodial Account may contain funds
relating to more than one series of Certificates as well as payments received on
other mortgage loans serviced or master serviced by the Master Servicer or the
Servicer, as applicable. Amounts held in the Certificate Account or a Custodial
Account may be invested in Permitted Investments. See "--Collection of Payments
on Mortgage Loans and Contracts" below. In addition, if so stated in such
Prospectus Supplement, one or more other trust accounts, including any Reserve
Funds, will be established into which cash, certificates of deposit or letters
of credit, or a combination thereof, will be deposited by the Company, if such
assets are required to make timely distributions with respect to the
Certificates of a series, are required as a condition to the rating of such
Certificates or are required in order to provide for certain contingencies as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Collection of Payments on Mortgage Loans and Contracts
Each Servicer or the Master Servicer, if any, will be required to deposit
into the Custodial Account (unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement) all amounts enumerated in the following paragraph in respect of the
Mortgage Loans or Contracts serviced by it, less the Servicing Fee and Spread,
if any.
The Servicer or Master Servicer, as applicable, will deposit or will cause
to be deposited into the Custodial Account certain payments and collections
received by it subsequent to the Cut-off Date (other than payments due on or
before the Cut-off Date), as specifically set forth in the related Pooling and
Servicing Agreement, which (except as otherwise provided therein) generally will
include the following:
(i) all payments on account of principal of the Mortgage Loans or Contracts
comprising a Trust Fund;
(ii) all payments on account of interest on the Mortgage Loans comprising
such Trust Fund, net of the portion of each payment thereof retained by the
Servicer or Sub-Servicer, if any, as Spread, its servicing or other
compensation;
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(iii) all amounts (net of unreimbursed liquidation expenses and insured
expenses incurred, and unreimbursed Servicing Advances made, by the related
Servicer or Sub-Servicer) received and retained in connection with the
liquidation of any defaulted Mortgage Loan or Contract, by foreclosure or
otherwise ("Liquidation Proceeds"), including all proceeds of any Special Hazard
Insurance Policy, Bankruptcy Bond, Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy, Contract Pool
Insurance Policy, Primary Insurance Policy and any title, hazard or other
insurance policy covering any Mortgage Loan or Contract in such Trust Fund
(together with any payments under any Letter of Credit, "Insurance Proceeds") or
proceeds from any alternative arrangements established in lieu of any such
insurance and described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, other than
proceeds to be applied to the restoration of the related property or released to
the Mortgagor in accordance with the Master Servicer's or Servicer's normal
servicing procedures;
(iv) any Buy-Down Funds (and, if applicable, investment earnings thereon)
required to be paid to Certificateholders, as described below;
(v) all proceeds of any Mortgage Loan or Contract in such Trust Fund
purchased (or, in the case of a substitution, certain amounts representing a
principal adjustment) by the Master Servicer, the Company, Residential Funding,
any Sub-Servicer or Mortgage Collateral Seller or any other person pursuant to
the terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. See "The Trust Funds --
Representations with Respect to Mortgage Collateral" and "--Repurchases of
Defective Mortgage Collateral" herein;
(vi) any amount required to be deposited by the Master Servicer in
connection with losses realized on investments of funds held in the Custodial
Account, as described below; and
(vii) any amounts required to be transferred from the Certificate Account
to the Custodial Account.
Both the Custodial Account and the Certificate Account must be either (i)
maintained with a depository institution whose debt obligations at the time of
any deposit therein are rated by any Rating Agency that rated any Certificates
of the related series not less than a specified level comparable to the rating
category of such Certificates, (ii) an account or accounts the deposits in which
are fully insured to the limits established by the FDIC, provided that any
deposits not so insured shall be otherwise maintained such that, as evidenced by
an opinion of counsel, the Certificateholders have a claim with respect to the
funds in such accounts or a perfected first priority security interest in any
collateral securing such funds that is superior to the claims of any other
depositors or creditors of the depository institution with which such accounts
are maintained, (iii) in the case of the Custodial Account, a trust account or
accounts maintained in either the corporate trust department or the corporate
asset services department of a financial institution which has debt obligations
that meet certain rating criteria, (iv) in the case of the Certificate Account,
a trust account or accounts maintained with the Trustee or (v) such other
account or accounts acceptable to any applicable Rating Agency (an "Eligible
Account"). The collateral that is eligible to secure amounts in an Eligible
Account is limited to certain permitted investments, which are generally limited
to United States government securities and other investments that are rated, at
the time of acquisition, in one of the categories permitted by the related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement ("Permitted Investments").
Unless otherwise set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement, not later
than the business day preceding each Distribution Date, the Master Servicer or
Servicer, as applicable, will withdraw from the Custodial Account and deposit
into the applicable Certificate Account, in immediately available funds, the
amount to be distributed therefrom to Certificateholders on such Distribution
Date. The Master Servicer, the Servicer or the Trustee, as applicable, will also
deposit or cause to be deposited into the Certificate Account: (i) the amount of
any advances made by the Master Servicer or the Servicer as described herein
under "--Advances," (ii) any payments under any Letter of Credit, and any
amounts required to be transferred to the Certificate Account from a Reserve
Fund, as described under "Description of Credit Enhancement" below, (iii) any
amounts required to be paid by the Master Servicer or Servicer out of its own
funds due to the operation of a deductible clause in any blanket policy
maintained by the Master Servicer or Servicer to cover hazard losses on the
Mortgage Loans as described under "Insurance Policies on Mortgage Loans or
Contracts" below, (iv) any distributions received on any Agency Securities
included in the Trust Fund and (v) any other amounts as set forth in the related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
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The portion of any payment received by the Master Servicer or the Servicer
in respect of a Mortgage Loan that is allocable to Spread will generally be
deposited into the Custodial Account, but will not be deposited in the
Certificate Account for the related series of Certificates and will be
distributed as provided in the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
Funds on deposit in the Custodial Account may be invested in Permitted
Investments maturing in general not later than the business day preceding the
next Distribution Date and funds on deposit in the related Certificate Account
may be invested in Permitted Investments maturing, in general, no later than the
Distribution Date. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, all income and gain realized from any such investment will be for
the account of the Servicer or the Master Servicer as additional servicing
compensation. The amount of any loss incurred in connection with any such
investment must be deposited in the Custodial Account or in the Certificate
Account, as the case may be, by the Servicer or the Master Servicer out of its
own funds upon realization of such loss.
Collection of Payments on Agency Securities
The Trustee or the Certificate Administrator, as specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, will deposit in the Certificate Account all payments on
the Agency Securities as they are received after the Cut-off Date. If the
Trustee has not received a distribution with respect to any Agency Security by
the second business day after the date on which such distribution was due and
payable, the Trustee will request the issuer or guarantor, if any, of such
Agency Security to make such payment as promptly as possible and legally
permitted. The Trustee may take such legal action against such issuer or
guarantor as the Trustee deems appropriate under the circumstances, including
the prosecution of any claims in connection therewith. The reasonable legal fees
and expenses incurred by the Trustee in connection with the prosecution of such
legal action will be reimbursable to the Trustee out of the proceeds of any such
action and will be retained by the Trustee prior to the deposit of any remaining
proceeds in the Certificate Account pending distribution thereof to the
Certificateholders of the affected series. In the event that the Trustee has
reason to believe that the proceeds of any such legal action may be insufficient
to cover its projected legal fees and expenses, the Trustee will notify such
Certificateholders that it is not obligated to pursue any such available
remedies unless adequate indemnity for its legal fees and expenses is provided
by such Certificateholders.
Withdrawals from the Custodial Account
The Servicer or the Master Servicer, as applicable, may, from time to
time, make withdrawals from the Custodial Account for certain purposes, as
specifically set forth in the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement, which
(except as otherwise provided therein) generally will include the following:
(i) to make deposits to the Certificate Account in the amounts and in the
manner provided in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement and described above under
"--Payments on Mortgage Collateral";
(ii) to reimburse itself or any Sub-Servicer for Advances, or for amounts
advanced in respect of taxes, insurance premiums or similar expenses incurred in
connection with acquiring by foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure property
securing a Mortgage Loan, including, if the Master Servicer and any affiliate of
the Master Servicer provides services such as appraisals and brokerage services
that are customarily provided by persons other than servicers of mortgage loans,
reasonable compensation for such services ("Servicing Advances") as to any such
property, out of late payments, Insurance Proceeds, Liquidation Proceeds, any
proceeds in respect of any REO Mortgage Loan or collections on the Mortgage Loan
or Contract with respect to which such Advances or Servicing Advances were made;
(iii) to pay to itself or any Sub-Servicer unpaid Servicing Fees and
subservicing fees, out of payments or collections of interest on each Mortgage
Loan or Contract;
(iv) to pay to itself as additional servicing compensation any investment
income on funds deposited in the Custodial Account, any amounts remitted by
Sub-Servicers as interest in respect of partial prepayments on the Mortgage
Loans or Contracts, and, if so provided in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement,
any profits realized upon
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disposition of property securing a Mortgage Loan acquired by deed in lieu of
foreclosure or repossession or otherwise allowed under the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement;
(v) to pay to itself, a Sub-Servicer, Residential Funding, the Company or
the Mortgage Collateral Seller all amounts received with respect to each
Mortgage Loan or Contract purchased, repurchased or removed pursuant to the
terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement and not required to be distributed
as of the date on which the related Purchase Price is determined;
(vi) to pay the Company or its assignee, or any other party named in the
related Prospectus Supplement, all amounts allocable to the Spread, if any, out
of collections or payments which represent interest on each Mortgage Loan or
Contract (including any Mortgage Loan or Contract as to which title to the
underlying property was acquired);
(vii) to reimburse itself or any Sub-Servicer for any Advance previously
made which the Master Servicer has determined to not be ultimately recoverable
from Liquidation Proceeds, Insurance Proceeds or otherwise (a "Nonrecoverable
Advance"), subject to any limitations set forth in the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement as described in the related Prospectus Supplement;
(viii) to reimburse itself or the Company for certain other expenses
incurred for which it or the Company is entitled to reimbursement or against
which it or the Company is indemnified pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement;
(ix) to clear the Custodial Account of amounts relating to the
corresponding Mortgage Loans or Contracts in connection with the termination of
the Trust Fund pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, as described in
"The Pooling and Servicing Agreement -- Termination; Retirement of
Certificates."; and
(x) to make deposits to the Funding Account in the amounts and in the
manner provided in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, if applicable.
Distributions
Distributions of principal and interest (or, where applicable, of
principal only or interest only) on each class of Certificates entitled thereto
will be made on each Distribution Date either by the Trustee, the Master
Servicer or the Certificate Administrator acting on behalf of the Trustee or a
paying agent appointed by the Trustee (the "Paying Agent"). Such distributions
will be made to the persons who are registered as the holders of such
Certificates at the close of business on the last business day of the preceding
month (the "Record Date"). Distributions will be made in immediately available
funds (by wire transfer or otherwise) to the account of a Certificateholder at a
bank or other entity having appropriate facilities therefor, if such
Certificateholder has so notified the Trustee, the Master Servicer, the
Certificate Administrator or the Paying Agent, as the case may be, and the
applicable Pooling and Servicing Agreement provides for such form of payment, or
by check mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto as it appears on
the Certificate Register. The final distribution in retirement of the
Certificates will be made only upon presentation and surrender of the
Certificates at the office or agency of the Trustee specified in the notice to
Certificateholders. Distributions will be made to each Certificateholder in
accordance with such holder's Percentage Interest in a particular class. The
"Percentage Interest" represented by a Certificate of a particular class will be
equal to the percentage obtained by dividing the initial principal balance or
notional amount of such Certificate by the aggregate initial amount or notional
balance of all the Certificates of such class.
Principal and Interest on the Certificates
The method of determining, and the amount of, distributions of principal
and interest (or, where applicable, of principal only or interest only) on a
particular series of Certificates will be described in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Distributions of interest on each class of Certificates will be made
prior to distributions of principal thereon. Each class of Certificates (other
than certain classes of Strip Certificates) may have a different Pass-Through
Rate, which may be a fixed, variable or adjustable Pass-Through Rate, or any
combination of two or more
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such Pass-Through Rates. The related Prospectus Supplement will specify the
Pass-Through Rate or Rates for each class, or the initial Pass-Through Rate or
Rates and the method for determining the Pass-Through Rate or Rates. Unless
otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, interest on the
Certificates will accrue during each calendar month and will be payable on the
Distribution Date in the following calendar month. Unless otherwise specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, interest on the Certificates will be
calculated on the basis of a 360- day year consisting of twelve 30-day months.
On each Distribution Date for a series of Certificates, the Trustee or the
Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator on behalf of the Trustee will
distribute or cause the Paying Agent to distribute, as the case may be, to each
holder of record on the Record Date of a class of Certificates, an amount equal
to the Percentage Interest represented by the Certificate held by such holder
multiplied by such class's Distribution Amount. The "Distribution Amount" for a
class of Certificates for any Distribution Date will be the portion, if any, of
the amount to be distributed to such class for such Distribution Date in respect
of principal, plus, if such class is entitled to payments of interest on such
Distribution Date, interest accrued during the related interest accrual period
at the applicable Pass-Through Rate on the principal balance or notional amount
of such class specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, less certain
interest shortfalls, which generally will include (i) any Deferred Interest
added to the principal balance of the Mortgage Loans and/or the outstanding
balance of one or more classes of Certificates on the related Due Date, (ii) any
other interest shortfalls (including, without limitation, shortfalls resulting
from application of the Relief Act or similar legislation or regulations as in
effect from time to time) allocable to Certificateholders which are not covered
by advances or the applicable credit enhancement and (iii) unless otherwise
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, Prepayment Interest Shortfalls,
in each case in such amount that is allocated to such class on the basis set
forth in the Prospectus Supplement.
In the case of a series of Certificates which includes two or more classes
of Certificates, the timing, sequential order, priority of payment or amount of
distributions in respect of principal, and any schedule or formula or other
provisions applicable to the determination thereof (including distributions
among multiple classes of Senior Certificates or Subordinate Certificates) shall
be set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. Distributions in respect of
principal of any class of Certificates will be made on a pro rata basis among
all of the Certificates of such class unless otherwise set forth in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
Except as otherwise provided in the related Pooling and Servicing
Agreement, on or prior to the 20th day (or, if such day is not a business day,
the next business day) of the month of distribution (the "Determination Date"),
the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, will
determine the amounts of principal and interest which will be passed through to
Certificateholders on the succeeding Distribution Date. Prior to the close of
business on the business day succeeding each Determination Date, the Master
Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, will furnish a
statement to the Trustee (the information in such statement to be made available
to Certificateholders by the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator,
as applicable, on request) setting forth, among other things, the amount to be
distributed on the next succeeding Distribution Date.
Example of Distributions
The following chart sets forth an example of the flow of funds as it would
relate to a hypothetical series of Certificates issued, and with a Cut-off Date
occurring, in June 1998:
Date Note Description
June 1 (A) Cut-off Date.
June 2-30 (B) The Servicers or the Sub-Servicers, as
applicable, receive any Principal Prepayments and
applicable interest on such Principal Prepayments.
June 30 (C) Record Date.
June 2-July 1 (D) The dates on which scheduled payments
on a Mortgage Loan or Contract are due (each, a
"Due Date" and collectively, the "Due Period").
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July 17 (E) The Servicers or the Sub-Servicers, as applicable, remit to
the Master Servicer or the Servicer, as applicable,
scheduled payments of principal and interest due during the
related Due Period and received or advanced by them.
July 20 (F) Determination Date.
July 27 (G) Distribution Date.
Succeeding months follow the pattern of (B) through (G), except that for
succeeding months (B) will also include the first day of such month. Certain
series of Certificates may have different prepayment periods, Cut-off Dates,
Record Dates, Due Periods, remittance dates, Determination Dates and/or
Distribution Dates than those set forth above.
(A) The initial principal balance of the Mortgage Pool or Contract Pool will
be the aggregate principal balance of the Mortgage Loans or Contracts at
the close of business on June 1, after deducting principal payments due on
or before such date. Those principal payments due on or before June 1, and
the accompanying interest payments, and any Principal Prepayments received
as of the close of business on June 1 are not part of the Mortgage Pool or
Contract Pool and will not be passed through to Certificateholders.
(B) Any principal payments received in advance of the scheduled Due Date for a
Mortgage Loan and not accompanied by a payment of interest for any period
following the date of payment ("Principal Prepayments") may be received at
any time during this period and will be remitted to the Master Servicer or
Servicer as described in (E) below for distribution to Certificateholders
as described in (F) below. When a Mortgage Loan or Contract is prepaid in
full, interest on the amount prepaid is collected from the Mortgagor only
to the date of payment. Partial Principal Prepayments are applied so as to
reduce the principal balances of the related Mortgage Loans or Contracts as
of the first day of the month in which the payments are made; no interest
will be paid to Certificateholders in respect of such prepaid amounts for
the month in which such partial Principal Prepayments were received.
(C) Distributions on July 27 (because July 25, 1998 is not a business day)
will be made to Certificateholders of record at the close of business on
June 30.
(D) Scheduled principal and interest payments are due from Mortgagors.
(E) Payments due from Mortgagors during the related Due Period will be
deposited by the Sub-Servicers in subservicing accounts or Servicers in
collection accounts (or will be otherwise managed in a manner acceptable to
the Rating Agencies) as received and will include the scheduled principal
payments plus interest on the principal balances immediately prior to such
payment. Funds required to be remitted from the collection accounts or the
subservicing accounts to the Master Servicer or the Servicer, as
applicable, will be so remitted on July 17 (because July 18, 1998 is not a
business day) together with any required Advances by the Servicer or the
Sub-Servicers (except that Principal Prepayments in full and certain
Principal Prepayments in part received by Sub-Servicers during the month of
June will have been remitted to the Master Servicer or the Servicer, as
applicable, within five business days of receipt).
(F) On July 20, the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, if any,
will determine the amounts of principal and interest which will be passed
through on July 27 to the holders of each class of Certificates. The Master
Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, if any, will be obligated to
distribute those payments due during the related Due Period which have been
received from Servicers or Sub-Servicers prior to and including July 17,
1998, as well as all Principal Prepayments received on Mortgage Loans in
June (with interest adjusted to the Pass-Through Rates applicable to the
respective classes of Certificates and reduced on account of Principal
Prepayments as described above). Distributions to the holders of Senior
Certificates, if any, on July 27 may include certain amounts otherwise
distributable to the holders of the
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related Subordinate Certificates, amounts withdrawn from any Reserve Fund
and amounts advanced by the Master Servicer or the Servicer under the
circumstances described in "Subordination" and "--Advances."
(G) On July 27, the amounts determined on July 20 will be distributed to
Certificateholders.
If provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Distribution Date
with respect to any series of Certificates as to which the Trust Fund includes
Agency Securities may be a specified date or dates other than the 25th day of
each month in order to allow for the receipt of distributions on such Agency
Securities.
Advances
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Master Servicer or the applicable Servicer will agree to advance (either out of
its own funds, funds advanced to it by Servicers or Sub-Servicers, as
applicable, or funds being held in the Custodial Account for future
distribution), for the benefit of the related Certificateholders, on or before
each Distribution Date, an amount equal to the aggregate of all scheduled
payments of principal (other than any Balloon Amount in the case of a Balloon
Loan) and interest at the applicable Pass-Through Rate or Net Mortgage Rate, as
the case may be (an "Advance"), which were delinquent as of the close of
business on the business day preceding the related Determination Date on the
related Mortgage Loans or Contracts, but only to the extent that such Advances
would, in the judgment of the Master Servicer or the Servicer, be recoverable
out of late payments by the Mortgagors, Liquidation Proceeds, Insurance Proceeds
or otherwise. If a Trust Fund includes Agency Securities, any advancing
obligations with respect to underlying Mortgage Loans or Contracts will be
pursuant to the terms of such Agency Securities and may differ from the
provisions relating to Advances described herein.
Advances are intended to maintain a regular flow of scheduled interest and
principal payments to related Certificateholders. Such Advances do not represent
an obligation of the Master Servicer or the Servicer to guarantee or insure
against losses. If Advances have been made by the Master Servicer or Servicer
from cash being held for future distribution to Certificateholders, such funds
will be required to be replaced on or before any future Distribution Date to the
extent that funds in the Certificate Account on such Distribution Date would be
less than payments required to be made to Certificateholders. Any Advances will
be reimbursable to the Master Servicer or Servicer out of recoveries on the
related Mortgage Loans or Contracts for which such amounts were advanced (e.g.,
late payments made by the related Mortgagor, any related Liquidation Proceeds
and Insurance Proceeds, proceeds of any applicable form of credit enhancement or
proceeds of any Mortgage Collateral purchased by the Company, Residential
Funding, a Sub-Servicer or a Mortgage Collateral Seller under the circumstances
described above). Such Advances will also be reimbursable from cash otherwise
distributable to Certificateholders to the extent that the Master Servicer or
Servicer shall determine that any such Advances previously made are not
ultimately recoverable as described above. With respect to any
Senior/Subordinate Series, so long as the related Subordinate Certificates
remain outstanding and subject to certain limitations with respect to Special
Hazard Losses, Fraud Losses, Bankruptcy Losses and Extraordinary Losses, such
Advances may also be reimbursable out of amounts otherwise distributable to
holders of the Subordinate Certificates, if any. The Master Servicer or the
Servicer will also be obligated to make Servicing Advances, to the extent
recoverable out of Liquidation Proceeds or otherwise, in respect of certain
taxes and insurance premiums not paid by Mortgagors on a timely basis. Funds so
advanced will be reimbursable to the Master Servicer or Servicer to the extent
permitted by the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. The Master Servicer's or
Servicer's obligation to make Advances may be supported by another entity, a
letter of credit or other method as may be described in the related Pooling and
Servicing Agreement. In the event that the short-term or long-term obligations
of the provider of such support are downgraded by a Rating Agency rating the
related Certificates or if any collateral supporting such obligation is not
performing or is removed pursuant to the terms of any agreement described in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the Certificates may also be downgraded.
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Prepayment Interest Shortfalls
When a Mortgagor prepays a Mortgage Loan or Contract in full between
scheduled Due Dates for such Mortgage Loan or Contract, the Mortgagor pays
interest on the amount prepaid only to but not including the date on which such
Principal Prepayment is made. Similarly, Liquidation Proceeds from a Mortgaged
Property will not include interest for any period after the date on which the
liquidation took place. The shortfall between a full month's interest due with
respect to a Mortgage Loan or Contract and the amount of interest paid or
recovered with respect thereto in the event of a prepayment or liquidation is
referred to as a "Prepayment Interest Shortfall." If so specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, to the extent funds are available from the Servicing Fee,
the Servicer or Master Servicer may make an additional payment to
Certificateholders with respect to any Mortgage Loan or Contract that was
prepaid during the related prepayment period equal to the amount, if any,
necessary to assure that, on the related Distribution Date, the Available
Distribution Amount would include with respect to each such Mortgage Loan or
Contract an amount equal to interest at the Mortgage Rate (less the Servicing
Fee and Spread, if any) for such Mortgage Loan or Contract from the date of such
prepayment or liquidation through the related Due Date (such amount,
"Compensating Interest"). Compensating Interest may be limited to the aggregate
amount (or any portion thereof) of the Servicing Fee received by the Servicer or
Master Servicer in that month in relation to the Mortgage Loans or Contracts, or
in any other manner, and, if so limited, may not be sufficient to cover the
Prepayment Interest Shortfall. If so disclosed in the related Prospectus
Supplement, Prepayment Interest Shortfalls may be applied to reduce interest
otherwise payable with respect to one or more classes of Certificates of a
series. See "Yield Considerations."
Funding Account
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a Pooling and
Servicing Agreement or other agreement may provide for the transfer by the
Sellers of additional Mortgage Loans to the related Trust after the Closing Date
for the related Certificates. Such additional Mortgage Loans will be required to
conform to the requirements set forth in the related Pooling and Servicing
Agreement or other agreement providing for such transfer. As specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, such transfer may be funded by the establishment
of a Funding Account (a "Funding Account"). If a Funding Account is established,
all or a portion of the proceeds of the sale of one or more Classes of
Certificates of the related Series or a portion of collections on the Mortgage
Loans in respect of principal will be deposited in such account to be released
as additional Mortgage Loans are transferred. Unless otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, a Funding Account will be required to be
maintained as an Eligible Account, all amounts therein will be required to be
invested in Permitted Investments and the amount held therein shall at no time
exceed 25% of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the Certificates.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement or other agreement providing for the transfer of
additional Mortgage Loans will provide that all such transfers must be made
within 90 days, and that amounts set aside to fund such transfers (whether in a
Funding Account or otherwise) and not so applied within the required period of
time will be deemed to be principal prepayments and applied in the manner set
forth in such Prospectus Supplement.
Reports to Certificateholders
On each Distribution Date, the Master Servicer or the Certificate
Administrator, as applicable, will forward or cause to be forwarded to each
Certificateholder of record a statement or statements with respect to the
related Trust Fund setting forth the information described in the related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement. Except as otherwise provided in the related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement, such information generally will include the
following (as applicable):
(i) the amount, if any, of such distribution allocable to principal;
(ii) the amount, if any, of such distribution allocable to interest and
the amount, if any, of any shortfall in the amount of interest and principal;
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(iii) the aggregate unpaid principal balance of the Mortgage Collateral
after giving effect to the distribution of principal on such Distribution Date;
(iv) the outstanding principal balance or notional amount of each class of
Certificates after giving effect to the distribution of principal on such
Distribution Date;
(v) based on the most recent reports furnished by Servicers or
Sub-Servicers, the number and aggregate principal balances of any items of
Mortgage Collateral in the related Trust Fund that are delinquent (a) one month,
(b) two months and (c) three months, and that are in foreclosure;
(vi) the book value of any property acquired by such Trust Fund through
foreclosure or grant of a deed in lieu of foreclosure;
(vii) the balance of the Reserve Fund, if any, at the close of business on
such Distribution Date;
(viii) the Senior Percentage, if applicable, after giving effect to the
distributions on such Distribution Date;
(ix) the amount of coverage under any Letter of Credit, Mortgage Pool
Insurance Policy or other form of credit enhancement covering default risk as of
the close of business on the applicable Determination Date and a description of
any credit enhancement substituted therefor;
(x) if applicable, the Special Hazard Amount, Fraud Loss Amount and
Bankruptcy Amount as of the close of business on the applicable Distribution
Date and a description of any change in the calculation of such amounts;
(xi) in the case of Certificates benefiting from alternative credit
enhancement arrangements described in a Prospectus Supplement, the amount of
coverage under such alternative arrangements as of the close of business on the
applicable Determination Date; and
(xii) with respect to any series of Certificates as to which the Trust
Fund includes Agency Securities, certain additional information as required
under the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
Each amount set forth pursuant to clause (i) and (ii) above will be
expressed as a dollar amount per Single Certificate. As to a particular class of
Certificates, a "Single Certificate" generally will evidence a Percentage
Interest obtained by dividing $1,000 by the initial principal balance or
notional balance of all the Certificates of such class, except as otherwise
provided in the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement. In addition to the
information described above, reports to Certificateholders will contain such
other information as is set forth in the applicable Pooling and Servicing
Agreement, which may include, without limitation, information as to Advances,
reimbursements to Sub-Servicers, Servicers and the Master Servicer and losses
borne by the related Trust Fund.
In addition, within a reasonable period of time after the end of each
calendar year, the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as
applicable, will furnish a report to each person that was a holder of record of
any class of Certificates at any time during such calendar year. Such report
will include information as to the aggregate of amounts reported pursuant to
clauses (i) and (ii) above for such calendar year or, in the event such person
was a holder of record of a class of Certificates during a portion of such
calendar year, for the applicable portion of such year.
Servicing and Administration of Mortgage Collateral
General
The Master Servicer, the Certificate Administrator or any Servicer, as
applicable, that is a party to a Pooling and Servicing Agreement, will be
required to perform the services and duties specified in the related Pooling and
Servicing Agreement. The duties to be performed by the Master Servicer or each
Servicer, subject to the general supervision by the Master Servicer or the
Certificate Administrator, if any, will include the customary
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functions of a servicer, including collection of payments from Mortgagors;
maintenance of any primary mortgage insurance, hazard insurance and other types
of insurance; processing of assumptions or substitutions; attempting to cure
delinquencies; supervising foreclosures; inspection and management of Mortgaged
Properties under certain circumstances; and maintaining accounting records
relating to the Mortgage Collateral. Each Servicer or the Master Servicer, if
any, may be obligated, under certain circumstances, to make Advances in respect
of delinquent installments of principal of and interest on Mortgage Loans or
Contracts and in respect of certain taxes and insurance premiums not paid on a
timely basis by Mortgagors, as described under "--Advances" above. With respect
to any series of Certificates for which the Trust Fund includes Agency
Securities, the Master Servicer's or Certificate Administrator's servicing and
administration obligations will be set forth in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
Pursuant to each Pooling and Servicing Agreement, each Servicer or the
Master Servicer, if there are no Servicers for the related series, may enter
into sub-servicing agreements (each, a "Sub-Servicing Agreement") with one or
more sub-servicers (each, a "Sub-Servicer") who will agree to perform certain
functions for the Servicer or Master Servicer relating to the servicing and
administration of the Mortgage Loans or Contracts included in the Trust Fund
relating to such Sub-Servicing Agreement. Any such Sub-Servicer may be an
affiliate of the Company. Under any Sub-Servicing Agreement, each Sub-Servicer,
will agree, among other things, to perform some or all of the Servicer's or the
Master Servicer's servicing obligations, including but not limited to, making
Advances to the related Certificateholders. The Servicer or the Master Servicer,
as applicable, will remain liable for its servicing obligations that are
delegated to a Sub-Servicer as if such Servicer or the Master Servicer alone
were servicing such Mortgage Loans or Contracts.
Collection and Other Servicing Procedures
Each Servicer or the Master Servicer, as applicable, will make reasonable
efforts to collect all payments called for under the Mortgage Loans or Contracts
and will, consistent with the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement and any
applicable insurance policy or other credit enhancement, follow such collection
procedures as it follows with respect to mortgage loans or contracts serviced by
it that are comparable to the Mortgage Loans or Contracts. The Servicer or the
Master Servicer may, in its discretion, waive any prepayment charge in
connection with the prepayment of a Mortgage Loan or extend the due dates for
payments due on a Mortgage Note or Contract, provided that the insurance
coverage for such Mortgage Loan or Contract or any coverage provided by any
alternative credit enhancement will not be adversely affected.
In connection with any significant partial prepayment of a Mortgage Loan,
the Master Servicer, to the extent not inconsistent with the terms of the
Mortgage Note and local law and practice, may permit the Mortgage Loan to be
re-amortized such that the monthly payment is recalculated as an amount that
will fully amortize the remaining principal amount thereof by the original
maturity date based on the original Mortgage Rate, provided that such
re-amortization shall not be permitted if it would constitute a modification of
the Mortgage Loan for federal income tax purposes.
The Master Servicer, any Servicer or one or more Sub-Servicers with
respect to a given Trust Fund may establish and maintain an escrow account (the
"Escrow Account") in which Mortgagors will be required to deposit amounts
sufficient to pay taxes, assessments, certain mortgage and hazard insurance
premiums and other comparable items unless, in the case of Junior Mortgage
Loans, the Mortgagor is required to escrow such amounts pursuant to the senior
mortgage documents. Withdrawals from any such Escrow Account may be made to
effect timely payment of taxes, assessments, mortgage and hazard insurance, to
refund to Mortgagors amounts determined to be owed, to pay interest on balances
in any such Escrow Account, if required, to repair or otherwise protect the
Mortgaged Properties and to clear and terminate such account. The Master
Servicer or any Servicer or Sub-Servicer, as the case may be, will be
responsible for the administration of each such Escrow Account and will be
obligated to make advances to such accounts when a deficiency exists therein.
The Master Servicer, Servicer or Sub-Servicer will be entitled to reimbursement
for any such advances from the Collection Account.
Other duties and responsibilities of each Servicer, the Master Servicer
and the Certificate Administrator are described above under "--Payments on
Mortgage Collateral."
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Servicing Compensation and Payment of Expenses
Each Servicer, the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as
applicable, will be paid compensation for the performance of its servicing
obligations, which compensation will be part of the servicing fee (the
"Servicing Fee") specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Any
Sub-Servicer will be entitled to receive a portion of the Servicing Fee. Except
as otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer or the
Master Servicer, if any, will deduct the Servicing Fee with respect to the
Mortgage Loans or Contracts underlying the Certificates of a Series in an amount
to be specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The Servicing Fee may be
fixed or variable. In addition to the Servicing Fee, unless otherwise specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Master Servicer, any Servicer or the
relevant Sub-Servicers, if any, will be entitled to servicing compensation in
the form of assumption fees, late payment charges or excess proceeds following
disposition of property in connection with defaulted Mortgage Loans or Contracts
and any earnings on investments held in the Certificate Account or any Custodial
Account. Any Spread retained by a Mortgage Collateral Seller, the Master
Servicer, or any Servicer or Sub-Servicer will not constitute part of the
Servicing Fee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to a series of
Certificates as to which the Trust Fund includes Agency Securities, the
compensation payable to the Master Servicer or Certificate Administrator for
servicing and administering such Agency Securities on behalf of the holders of
such Certificates may be based on a percentage per annum described in the
related Prospectus Supplement of the outstanding balance of such Agency
Securities and may be retained from distributions of interest thereon, if so
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Servicer, the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator will pay from the
Servicing Fee (i) the fees of any Sub-Servicers, (ii) certain expenses incurred
in connection with the servicing of the Mortgage Loans or Contracts, including,
without limitation, payment of certain of the insurance policy premiums, fees or
other amounts payable for any alternative credit enhancement, reimbursement of
expenses incurred in connection with a foreclosure or deed in lieu of
foreclosure upon property securing a Mortgage Loan, payment of the fees and
disbursements of the Trustee (and any Custodian selected by the Trustee), the
Certificate Registrar, any Paying Agent, independent accountants and payment of
expenses incurred in enforcing the obligations of Sub-Servicers, Servicers and
Mortgage Collateral Sellers and (iii) expenses related to the preparation of
reports to Certificateholders. Certain of these expenses may be reimbursable
from Liquidation Proceeds or insurance policies and, in the case of enforcement
of the obligations of Sub-Servicers, from any recoveries in excess of amounts
due with respect to the related Mortgage Loans or Contracts or from specific
recoveries of costs. The related Pooling and Servicing Agreement may provide
that the Certificate Administrator, the Master Servicer, and any Servicer and
Sub-Servicer may obtain their respective fees by deducting them from amounts
otherwise required to be deposited into the Collection Account.
The related Trust Fund will suffer no loss by reason of the expenses of
the Servicer or Master Servicer described above to the extent claims are fully
paid from amounts in any Reserve Fund, any related insurance policies, the
Liquidation Proceeds, any proceeds in respect of an REO Mortgage Loan (with
respect to expenses incurred in connection with a foreclosure or deed in lieu of
foreclosure) or any applicable alternative credit enhancement described in the
related Prospectus Supplement. In the event, however, that claims are either not
made or are not fully paid from such sources, the related Trust Fund will suffer
a loss to the extent that Liquidation Proceeds, after reimbursement of the
expenses of the Master Servicer or any Servicer or Sub-Servicer, are less than
the principal balance of and accrued interest on the related Mortgage Loan or
Contract. In addition, the Master Servicer or any Servicer or Sub-Servicer, as
applicable, will be entitled to reimbursement of expenditures incurred by it in
connection with the restoration of Mortgaged Property, such right of
reimbursement being prior to the rights of the Certificateholders to receive any
payments from any Reserve Fund or from any related Insurance Proceeds,
Liquidation Proceeds or any proceeds of alternative credit enhancement.
Evidence as to Compliance
Each Pooling and Servicing Agreement will provide that the Master Servicer
or Certificate Administrator, as appropriate, will, with respect to each series
of Certificates, deliver to the Trustee, on or before the date in each year
specified in the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement, an officer's
certificate stating that (i) a review of the activities of the Master Servicer
(or the Certificate Administrator) during the preceding calendar year relating
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to its servicing of mortgage loans and its performance under pooling and
servicing agreements, including such Pooling and Servicing Agreement has been
made under the supervision of such officer, (ii) to the best of such officer's
knowledge, based on such review, the Master Servicer (or the Certificate
Administrator) has complied in all material respects with the minimum servicing
standards set forth in the Uniform Single Attestation Program for Mortgage
Bankers and has fulfilled all its obligations under such Pooling and Servicing
Agreement throughout such year, or, if there has been material noncompliance
with such servicing standards or a material default in the fulfillment of any
such obligation, such statement shall include a description of such
noncompliance or specify each such default known to such officer and the nature
and status thereof and (iii) to the best of such officer's knowledge, each
Sub-Servicer has complied in all material respects with the minimum servicing
standards set forth in the Uniform Single Attestation Program for Mortgage
Bankers and has fulfilled all of its material obligations under its
Sub-Servicing Agreement in all material respects throughout such year, or, if
there has been material noncompliance with such servicing standards or a
material default in the fulfillment of such obligations, such statement shall
include a description of such noncompliance or specify each such default, as the
case may be, known to such officer and the nature and status thereof. In
addition, each Pooling and Servicing Agreement will provide that the Master
Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as the case may be, will cause a firm
of independent public accountants which is a member of the American Institute of
Certified Public Accountants to furnish a report stating its opinion that, on
the basis of an examination conducted by such firm substantially in accordance
with standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants, the assertions made regarding compliance with the minimum servicing
standards set forth in the Uniform Single Attestation Program for Mortgage
Bankers during the preceding calendar year are fairly stated in all material
respects, subject to such exceptions and other qualifications that, in the
opinion of such firm, such accounting standards require it to report. In
rendering such statement, such firm may rely, as to matters relating to the
direct servicing of mortgage loans by Subservicers, on comparable statements
prepared in connection with examinations conducted in similar manners.
Certain Other Matters Regarding Servicing
Each Servicer, the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as
applicable, may not resign from its obligations and duties under the related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement unless each Rating Agency has confirmed in
writing that the resignation will not qualify, reduce or cause to be withdrawn
the then current ratings on the Certificates or upon a determination that its
duties thereunder are no longer permissible under applicable law. No such
resignation will become effective until the Trustee or a successor servicer or
administrator has assumed the Servicer's, the Master Servicer's or the
Certificate Administrator's obligations and duties under such Pooling and
Servicing Agreement. A Servicer, the Master Servicer or the Certificate
Administrator, as applicable, may be removed upon the occurrence of certain
Events of Default described below under "The Pooling and Servicing Agreement --
Events of Default" and "--Rights Upon Event of Default."
Each Pooling and Servicing Agreement will also provide that neither the
Servicer, the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, nor any
director, officer, employee or agent thereof, will be under any liability to the
Trust Fund or the Certificateholders for any action taken or for restraining
from taking any action in good faith pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement, or for errors in judgment. However, neither the Servicer, the Master
Servicer or the Certificate Administrator nor any such person will be protected
against any liability which would otherwise be imposed by reason of the failure
to perform its obligations in compliance with any standard of care set forth in
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. The Servicer, the Master Servicer or the
Certificate Administrator, as applicable, may, in its discretion, undertake any
such action that it may deem necessary or desirable with respect to the Pooling
and Servicing Agreement and the rights and duties of the parties thereto and the
interest of the Certificateholders thereunder. In such event, the legal expenses
and costs of such action and any liability resulting therefrom will be expenses,
costs and liabilities of the Trust Fund and the Servicer, the Master Servicer or
the Certificate Administrator will be entitled to be reimbursed therefor out of
funds otherwise distributable to Certificateholders.
The Master Servicer or Servicer may in its discretion (i) waive any late
payment charge or any prepayment charge or penalty interest in connection with
the prepayment of a Mortgage Loan or Contract and (ii) extend the Due Date for
payments due on a Mortgage Loan or Contract, if the Master Servicer or Servicer
has determined that any such waiver or extension will not impair the coverage of
any related insurance policy, materially adversely
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affect the lien of the related Mortgage or, if a REMIC election has been made
with respect to the Trust Fund, adversely affect such REMIC status. The Master
Servicer or Servicer may also waive or modify any term of a Mortgage Loan so
long as the Master Servicer or Servicer has determined that such waiver or
modification is not materially adverse to any Certificateholder, taking into
account any estimated loss that may result absent such action.
The Master Servicer will be required to maintain a fidelity bond and
errors and omissions policy with respect to its officers and employees and other
persons acting on behalf of the Master Servicer in connection with its
activities under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
A Servicer, the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator may have
other business relationships with the Company, any Mortgage Collateral Seller or
their affiliates.
Special Servicing
If provided for in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement for a series of Certificates may name a special servicer (a
"Special Servicer"). The Special Servicer will be responsible for the servicing
of certain delinquent Mortgage Loans or Contracts as described in the Prospectus
Supplement. The Special Servicer may have certain discretion to extend relief to
Mortgagors whose payments become delinquent. The Special Servicer may be
permitted to grant a period of temporary indulgence to a Mortgagor or may enter
into a liquidating plan providing for repayment by the Mortgagor, in each case
without the prior approval of the Master Servicer or the Servicer, as
applicable. Other types of forbearance generally will require the approval of
the Master Servicer or Servicer, as applicable.
Enforcement of "Due-on-Sale" Clauses
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, when any
Mortgaged Property relating to a Mortgage Loan or Contract (other than an ARM
Loan described below) is about to be conveyed by the Mortgagor, the Master
Servicer or the Servicer, as applicable, directly or through a Sub-Servicer, to
the extent it has knowledge of such proposed conveyance, generally will be
obligated to exercise the Trustee's rights to accelerate the maturity of such
Mortgage Loan or Contract under any due-on-sale clause applicable thereto. A
due-on-sale clause will be enforced only if the exercise of such rights is
permitted by applicable law and only to the extent it would not adversely affect
or jeopardize coverage under any Primary Insurance Policy or applicable credit
enhancement arrangements. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans and
Contracts -- The Mortgage Loans -- Enforceability of Certain Provisions" and
"--The Contracts -- 'Due-on-Sale' Clauses." If the Master Servicer, Servicer or
Sub-Servicer is prevented from enforcing a due-on-sale clause under applicable
law or if the Master Servicer, Servicer or Sub-Servicer determines that it is
reasonably likely that a legal action would be instituted by the related
Mortgagor to avoid enforcement of such due-on-sale clause, the Master Servicer,
Servicer or Sub-Servicer will enter into an assumption and modification
agreement with the person to whom such property has been or is about to be
conveyed, pursuant to which such person becomes liable under the Mortgage Note
or Contract subject to certain specified conditions. The original Mortgagor may
be released from liability on a Mortgage Loan or Contract if the Master
Servicer, Servicer or Sub-Servicer shall have determined in good faith that such
release will not adversely affect the collectability of the Mortgage Loan or
Contract. In the event of the sale of a Mortgaged Property subject to an ARM
Loan, such ARM Loan may be assumed if it is by its terms assumable and if, in
the reasonable judgment of the Master Servicer, Servicer or Sub-Servicer, the
proposed transferee of the related Mortgaged Property establishes its ability to
repay the loan and the security for such ARM Loan would not be impaired by the
assumption. If a Mortgagor transfers the Mortgaged Property subject to an ARM
Loan without consent, such ARM Loan may be declared due and payable. In
connection with any such assumption, the Mortgage Rate borne by the related
Mortgage Note or Contract may not be altered. Mortgagors may, from time to time,
request partial releases of the Mortgaged Properties, easements, consents to
alteration or demolition and other similar matters. The Master Servicer,
Servicer or Sub-Servicer may approve such a request if it has determined,
exercising its good faith business judgment, that such approval will not
adversely affect the security for, and the timely and full collectability of,
the related Mortgage Loan or Contract. Any fee collected by the Master Servicer,
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Servicer or Sub-Servicer for entering into an assumption or substitution of
liability agreement or for processing a request for partial release of the
Mortgaged Property generally will be retained by the Master Servicer, Servicer
or Sub-Servicer as additional servicing compensation.
Realization Upon Defaulted Property
With respect to a Mortgage Loan in default, the Master Servicer or the
related Subservicer will decide whether to foreclose upon the Mortgage Property
or write off the principal balance of the Mortgage Loan or Contract as a bad
debt. In connection with such decision, the Master Servicer or the related
Subservicer will, following usual practices in connection with senior and junior
mortgage servicing activities, estimate the proceeds expected to be received and
the expenses expected to be incurred in connection with such foreclosure to
determine whether a foreclosure proceeding is appropriate. With respect to any
Junior Mortgage Loan, following any default thereon, in the event that the
senior mortgage holder commences a foreclosure action it is likely that such
Mortgage Loan will be written off as bad debt with no foreclosure proceeding
unless foreclosure proceeds for such Mortgage Loan are expected to at least
satisfy the related senior mortgage loan in full and to pay foreclosure costs.
Similarly, the expense and delay that may be associated with foreclosing on the
Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest following a default on a Mexico Mortgage Loan,
particularly if eviction or other proceedings are required to be commenced in
the Mexican courts, may make attempts to realize on the collateral securing the
Mexico Mortgage Loans uneconomical, thus significantly increasing the amount of
the loss on the Mexico Mortgage Loan. See "Risk Factors -- Risks Associated with
the Mortgage Collateral" herein.
In the event that title to any property securing a Mortgage Loan is
acquired in foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure (or, in the case of
Contracts in certain states, by repossession of the related Manufactured Home),
the deed or certificate of sale will be issued to the Trustee or to its nominee
on behalf of Certificateholders. Notwithstanding any such acquisition of title
and cancellation of the related Mortgage Loan or Contract, such Mortgage Loan
(an "REO Mortgage Loan") or Contract (an "REO Contract") will be considered for
most purposes to be an outstanding Mortgage Loan or Contract held in the Trust
Fund until such time as the related property is sold and all recoverable
Liquidation Proceeds and Insurance Proceeds have been received with respect to
such defaulted Mortgage Loan (a "Liquidated Mortgage Loan") or Contract (a
"Liquidated Contract"). For purposes of calculations of amounts distributable to
Certificateholders in respect of an REO Mortgage Loan or an REO Contract, the
amortization schedule in effect at the time of any such acquisition of title
(before any adjustment thereto by reason of any bankruptcy or any similar
proceeding or any moratorium or similar waiver or grace period) will be deemed
to have continued in effect (and, in the case of an ARM Loan, such amortization
schedule will be deemed to have adjusted in accordance with any interest rate
changes occurring on any adjustment date therefor) so long as such REO Mortgage
Loan or REO Contract is considered to remain in the Trust Fund. If a REMIC
election has been made, any property so acquired by the Trust Fund must be
disposed of in accordance with applicable federal income tax regulations and
consistent with the status of the Trust Fund as a REMIC. To the extent provided
in the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement, any income (net of expenses and
other than gains described below) received by the Sub-Servicer, Servicer or
Master Servicer on such property prior to its disposition will be deposited in
the Custodial Account upon receipt and will be available at such time for making
payments to Certificateholders.
With respect to a Mortgage Loan or Contract in default, the Master
Servicer or Servicer may pursue foreclosure (or similar remedies) subject to any
senior loan positions and certain other restrictions pertaining to junior loans
as described under "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans and Related Matters
- -- Foreclosure on Mortgage Loans" concurrently with pursuing any remedy for a
breach of a representation and warranty. However, the Master Servicer or
Servicer is not required to continue to pursue both such remedies if it
determines that one such remedy is more likely to result in a greater recovery.
Upon the first to occur of final liquidation and a repurchase or substitution
pursuant to a breach of a representation and warranty, such Mortgage Loan or
Contract will be removed from the related Trust Fund. The Master Servicer or
Servicer may elect to treat a defaulted Mortgage Loan or Contract as having been
finally liquidated if substantially all amounts expected to be received in
connection therewith have been received. Any additional liquidation expenses
relating to such Mortgage Loan or Contract thereafter incurred will be
reimbursable to the Master Servicer or Servicer (or any Sub-Servicer) from any
amounts otherwise distributable to the related Certificateholders, or may be
offset by any subsequent recovery
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related to such Mortgage Loan or Contract. Alternatively, for purposes of
determining the amount of related Liquidation Proceeds to be distributed to
Certificateholders, the amount of any Realized Loss or the amount required to be
drawn under any applicable form of credit enhancement, the Master Servicer or
Servicer may take into account minimal amounts of additional receipts expected
to be received, as well as estimated additional liquidation expenses expected to
be incurred in connection with such defaulted Mortgage Loan or Contract.
With respect to certain series of Certificates, if so provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the applicable form of credit enhancement may
provide, to the extent of coverage thereunder, that a defaulted Mortgage Loan or
Contract or REO Mortgage Loan or REO Contract will be removed from the Trust
Fund prior to the final liquidation thereof. In addition, the Master Servicer or
Servicer may have the option to purchase from the Trust Fund any defaulted
Mortgage Loan or Contract after a specified period of delinquency. Unless
otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, if a final liquidation
of a Mortgage Loan or Contract resulted in a Realized Loss and within two years
thereafter the Master Servicer or Servicer receives a subsequent recovery
specifically related to such Mortgage Loan or Contract (in connection with a
related breach of a representation or warranty or otherwise), such subsequent
recovery shall be distributed to the then-current Certificateholders of any
outstanding class to which such Realized Loss was allocated (with the amounts to
be distributed allocated among such classes in the same proportions as such
Realized Loss was allocated), provided that no such distribution shall result in
distributions on the Certificates of any such class in excess of the total
amount of the Realized Loss that was allocated to such class. In the case of a
series of Certificates other than a Senior/Subordinate Series, if so provided in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the applicable form of credit enhancement may
provide for reinstatement subject to certain conditions in the event that,
following the final liquidation of a Mortgage Loan or Contract and a draw under
such credit enhancement, subsequent recoveries are received. If a defaulted
Mortgage Loan or Contract or REO Mortgage Loan or REO Contract is not so removed
from the Trust Fund, then, upon the final liquidation thereof, if a loss is
realized which is not covered by any applicable form of credit enhancement or
other insurance, the Certificateholders will bear such loss. However, if a gain
results from the final liquidation of an REO Mortgage Loan or REO Contract which
is not required by law to be remitted to the related Mortgagor, the Master
Servicer or the Servicer will be entitled to retain such gain as additional
servicing compensation unless the related Prospectus Supplement provides
otherwise. For a description of the Certificate Administrator's, the Master
Servicer's or the Servicer's obligations to maintain and make claims under
applicable forms of credit enhancement and insurance relating to the Mortgage
Loans or Contracts, see "Description of Credit Enhancement" and "Insurance
Policies on Mortgage Loans or Contracts."
For a discussion of legal rights and limitations associated with the
foreclosure of a Mortgage Loan or Contract, see "Certain Legal Aspects of
Mortgage Loans and Contracts."
The Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, will
deal with any defaulted Agency Securities in the manner set forth in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
SUBORDINATION
A Senior/Subordinate Series of Certificates will consist of one or more
classes of Senior Certificates and one or more classes of Subordinate
Certificates, as set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. Subordination
of the Subordinate Certificates of any Senior/Subordinate Series will be
effected by the following method, unless an alternative method is specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement. In addition, certain classes of Senior (or
Subordinate) Certificates may be senior to other classes of Senior (or
Subordinate) Certificates, as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
With respect to any Senior/Subordinate Series, the total amount available
for distribution on each Distribution Date, as well as the method for allocating
such amount among the various classes of Certificates included in such series,
will be described in the related Prospectus Supplement. Generally, with respect
to any such series, the amount available for distribution will be allocated
first to interest on the Senior Certificates and then to principal of the Senior
Certificates up to the amounts described in the related Prospectus Supplement,
prior to allocation of any amounts to the Subordinate Certificates.
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With respect to any defaulted Mortgage Loan or Contract that is finally
liquidated, the amount of loss realized, if any (as described in the related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement, a "Realized Loss"), will equal the portion of
the Stated Principal Balance remaining after application of all amounts
recovered (net of amounts reimbursable to the Master Servicer or Servicer for
related Advances and expenses) towards interest and principal owing on the
Mortgage Loan. With respect to a Mortgage Loan or Contract, the principal
balance of which has been reduced in connection with bankruptcy proceedings, the
amount of such reduction will be treated as a Realized Loss. If so provided in
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, the Master Servicer may be permitted, under
certain circumstances, to purchase any Mortgage Loan that is three or more
months delinquent in payments of principal and interest, at the Purchase Price.
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, any Realized Loss incurred
in connection with any such Mortgage Loan will be passed through to the then
outstanding Certificateholders of the related series in the same manner as
Realized Losses on Mortgage Loans that have not been so purchased.
In the event of any Realized Losses not in excess of the limitations
described below (other than Extraordinary Losses), the rights of the Subordinate
Certificateholders to receive distributions will be subordinate to the rights of
the Senior Certificateholders.
Except as noted below, Realized Losses will be allocated to the
Subordinate Certificates of the related series until the outstanding principal
balance thereof has been reduced to zero. Additional Realized Losses, if any,
will be allocated to the Senior Certificates. If such series includes more than
one class of Senior Certificates, such additional Realized Losses will be
allocated either on a pro rata basis among all of the Senior Certificates in
proportion to their respective outstanding principal balances or as otherwise
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement.
With respect to certain Realized Losses resulting from physical damage to
Mortgaged Properties which are generally of the same type as are covered under a
Special Hazard Insurance Policy, the amount thereof that may be allocated to the
Subordinate Certificates of the related series may be limited to an amount (the
"Special Hazard Amount") specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. See
"Description of Credit Enhancement -- Special Hazard Insurance Policies." If so,
any Special Hazard Losses in excess of the Special Hazard Amount will be
allocated among all outstanding classes of Certificates of the related series,
either on a pro rata basis in proportion to their outstanding principal
balances, or as otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement. The
respective amounts of other specified types of losses (including Fraud Losses
and Bankruptcy Losses) that may be borne solely by the Subordinate Certificates
may be similarly limited to an amount (with respect to Fraud Losses, the "Fraud
Loss Amount" and with respect to Bankruptcy Losses, the "Bankruptcy Amount"),
and the Subordinate Certificates may provide no coverage with respect to certain
other specified types of losses, as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement, in which case such losses would be allocated on a pro rata basis
among all outstanding classes of Certificates. Each of the Special Hazard
Amount, Fraud Loss Amount and Bankruptcy Amount may be subject to periodic
reductions and may be subject to further reduction or termination, without the
consent of the Certificateholders, upon the written confirmation from each
applicable Rating Agency that the then-current rating of the related series of
Certificates will not be adversely affected thereby.
Generally, any allocation of a Realized Loss (including a Special Hazard
Loss) to a Certificate will be made by reducing the outstanding principal
balance thereof as of the Distribution Date following the calendar month in
which such Realized Loss was incurred. At any given time, the percentage of the
outstanding principal balances of all of the Certificates evidenced by the
Senior Certificates is the "Senior Percentage," determined in the manner set
forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. The "Stated Principal Balance" of
any item of Mortgage Collateral as of any date of determination is equal to the
principal balance thereof as of the Cut-off Date, after application of all
scheduled principal payments due on or before the Cut-off Date, whether received
or not, reduced by all amounts allocable to principal that are distributed to
Certificateholders on or before the date of determination, and as further
reduced to the extent that any Realized Loss thereon has been allocated to any
Certificates on or before such date.
As set forth above, the rights of holders of the various classes of
Certificates of any series to receive distributions of principal and interest is
determined by the aggregate outstanding principal balance of each such class
(or, if applicable, the related notional amount). The outstanding principal
balance of any Certificate will be reduced by all amounts previously distributed
on such Certificate in respect of principal and by any Realized Losses allocated
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thereto. If there are no Realized Losses or Principal Prepayments on any item of
Mortgage Collateral, the respective rights of the holders of Certificates of any
series to future distributions generally would not change. However, to the
extent set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement, holders of Senior
Certificates may be entitled to receive a disproportionately larger amount of
prepayments received during certain specified periods, which will have the
effect (absent offsetting losses) of accelerating the amortization of the Senior
Certificates and increasing the respective percentage ownership interest
evidenced by the Subordinate Certificates in the related Trust Fund (with a
corresponding decrease in the Senior Percentage), thereby preserving the
availability of the subordination provided by the Subordinate Certificates. In
addition, as set forth above, certain Realized Losses generally will be
allocated first to Subordinate Certificates by reduction of the outstanding
principal balance thereof, which will have the effect of increasing the
respective ownership interest evidenced by the Senior Certificates in the
related Trust Fund.
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain amounts
otherwise payable on any Distribution Date to holders of Subordinate
Certificates may be deposited into a Reserve Fund. Amounts held in any Reserve
Fund may be applied as described under "Description of Credit Enhancement --
Reserve Funds" and in the related Prospectus Supplement.
With respect to any Senior/Subordinate Series, the terms and provisions of
the subordination may vary from those described above. Any such variation and
any additional credit enhancement will be described in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
Overcollateralization
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, interest collections
on the Mortgage Collateral may exceed interest payments on the Certificates for
the related Distribution Date. To the extent such excess interest is applied as
principal payments on the Certificates, the effect will be to reduce the
principal balance of the Certificates relative to the outstanding balance of the
Mortgage Loans, thereby creating "Overcollateralization" and additional
protection to the Certificateholders, as specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
DESCRIPTION OF CREDIT ENHANCEMENT
General
Credit support with respect to each series of Certificates may be
comprised of one or more of the following components. Each component will have a
dollar limit and will provide coverage with respect to Realized Losses that are
(i) attributable to the Mortgagor's failure to make any payment of principal or
interest as required under the Mortgage Note or Contract, but not including
Special Hazard Losses, Extraordinary Losses or other losses resulting from
damage to a Mortgaged Property, Bankruptcy Losses or Fraud Losses (any such
losses, "Defaulted Mortgage Losses"); (ii) of a type generally covered by a
Special Hazard Insurance Policy (any such losses, "Special Hazard Losses");
(iii) attributable to certain actions which may be taken by a bankruptcy court
in connection with a Mortgage Loan, including a reduction by a bankruptcy court
of the principal balance of or the Mortgage Rate on a Mortgage Loan or Contract
or an extension of its maturity (any such losses, "Bankruptcy Losses"); and (iv)
incurred on defaulted Mortgage Loans or Contracts as to which there was fraud in
the origination of such Mortgage Loans or Contracts (any such losses, "Fraud
Losses").
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, credit
support will not provide protection against all risks of loss and will not
guarantee repayment of the entire outstanding principal balance of the
Certificates and interest thereon. If losses occur which exceed the amount
covered by credit support or which are not covered by the credit support,
Certificateholders will bear their allocable share of deficiencies. In
particular, Defaulted Mortgage Losses, Special Hazard Losses, Bankruptcy Losses
and Fraud Losses in excess of the amount of coverage provided therefor and
losses occasioned by war, civil insurrection, certain governmental actions,
nuclear reaction and certain other risks ("Extraordinary Losses") will not be
covered. To the extent that the credit enhancement for any series of
Certificates is exhausted, the Certificateholders will bear all further risks of
loss not otherwise insured against.
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As set forth below and in the related Prospectus Supplement, (i) coverage
with respect to Defaulted Mortgage Losses may be provided by a Mortgage Pool
Insurance Policy or Contract Pool Insurance Policy, (ii) coverage with respect
to Special Hazard Losses may be provided by a Special Hazard Insurance Policy,
(iii) coverage with respect to Bankruptcy Losses may be provided by a Bankruptcy
Bond and (iv) coverage with respect to Fraud Losses may be provided by a
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy or mortgage repurchase bond. In addition, if so
specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, in lieu of or in addition to
any or all of the foregoing arrangements, credit enhancement may be in the form
of a Reserve Fund to cover such losses, in the form of subordination of one or
more classes of Certificates as described under "Subordination," or in the form
of a Certificate Insurance Policy, a Letter of Credit, surety bonds or other
types of insurance policies, certain other secured or unsecured corporate
guarantees or in such other form as may be described in the related Prospectus
Supplement, or in the form of a combination of two or more of the foregoing. The
credit support may be provided by an assignment of the right to receive certain
cash amounts, a deposit of cash into a Reserve Fund or other pledged assets, or
by banks, insurance companies, guarantees or any combination thereof identified
in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Each Prospectus Supplement will include a description of (a) the amount
payable under the credit enhancement arrangement, if any, provided with respect
to a series, (b) any conditions to payment thereunder not otherwise described
herein, (c) the conditions under which the amount payable under such credit
support may be reduced and under which such credit support may be terminated or
replaced and (d) the material provisions of any agreement relating to such
credit support. Additionally, each such Prospectus Supplement will set forth
certain information with respect to the issuer of any third-party credit
enhancement.
The descriptions of any insurance policies, bonds or other instruments
described in this Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement and the coverage
thereunder do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by
reference to the actual forms of such policies, copies of which will be exhibits
to the Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission in connection with the issuance of the related series of
Certificates.
Letters of Credit
If any component of credit enhancement as to any series of Certificates is
to be provided by a letter of credit (the "Letter of Credit"), a bank (the
"Letter of Credit Bank") will deliver to the Trustee an irrevocable Letter of
Credit. The Letter of Credit may provide direct coverage with respect to the
Mortgage Collateral. The Letter of Credit Bank, the amount available under the
Letter of Credit with respect to each component of credit enhancement, the
expiration date of the Letter of Credit, and a more detailed description of the
Letter of Credit will be specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. On or
before each Distribution Date, the Letter of Credit Bank will be required to
make certain payments after notification from the Trustee, to be deposited in
the related Certificate Account with respect to the coverage provided thereby.
The Letter of Credit may also provide for the payment of Advances.
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policies
Any pool-wide insurance policy covering losses on Mortgage Loans (each, a
"Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy") obtained by the Company for a Trust Fund will
be issued by the insurer named in the related Prospectus Supplement (the "Pool
Insurer"). Each Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy, subject to the limitations
described below and in the Prospectus Supplement, if any, will cover Defaulted
Mortgage Losses in an amount specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
As set forth under "--Maintenance of Credit Enhancement" below, the Master
Servicer, Servicer or Certificate Administrator, as applicable, will use its
best reasonable efforts to maintain the Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy and to
present claims thereunder to the Pool Insurer on behalf of itself, the Trustee
and the Certificateholders. The Mortgage Pool Insurance Policies, however, are
not blanket policies against loss, since claims thereunder may only be made
respecting particular defaulted Mortgage Loans and only upon satisfaction of
certain conditions precedent described below. Unless specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Mortgage Pool Insurance Policies may not cover losses
due to a failure to pay or denial of a claim under a Primary Insurance Policy,
irrespective of the reason therefor.
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Each Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy will provide that no claims may be
validly presented thereunder unless, among other things, (i) any required
Primary Insurance Policy is in effect for the defaulted Mortgage Loan and a
claim thereunder has been submitted and settled, (ii) hazard insurance on the
property securing such Mortgage Loan has been kept in force and real estate
taxes and other protection and preservation expenses have been paid by the
Master Servicer, Servicer or Sub-Servicer, (iii) if there has been physical loss
or damage to the Mortgaged Property, it has been restored to its condition
(reasonable wear and tear excepted) at the Cut-off Date and (iv) the insured has
acquired good and merchantable title to the Mortgaged Property free and clear of
liens except certain permitted encumbrances. Upon satisfaction of these
conditions, the Pool Insurer will have the option either (a) to purchase the
property securing the defaulted Mortgage Loan at a price equal to the
outstanding principal balance thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest at the
applicable Mortgage Rate to the date of purchase and certain expenses incurred
by the Master Servicer, Servicer or Sub-Servicer on behalf of the Trustee and
Certificateholders, or (b) to pay the amount by which the sum of the outstanding
principal balance of the defaulted Mortgage Loan plus accrued and unpaid
interest at the Mortgage Rate to the date of payment of the claim and the
aforementioned expenses exceeds the proceeds received from an approved sale of
the Mortgaged Property, in either case net of certain amounts paid or assumed to
have been paid under any related Primary Insurance Policy. Certificateholders
will experience a shortfall in the amount of interest payable on the related
Certificates in connection with the payment of claims under a Mortgage Pool
Insurance Policy because the Pool Insurer is only required to remit unpaid
interest through the date a claim is paid rather than through the end of the
month in which such claim is paid. In addition, the Certificateholders will also
experience losses with respect to the related Certificates in connection with
payments made under a Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy to the extent that the
Master Servicer, Servicer or Sub-Servicer expends funds to cover unpaid real
estate taxes or to repair the related Mortgaged Property in order to make a
claim under a Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy, as those amounts will not be
covered by payments under such policy and will be reimbursable to the Master
Servicer, Servicer or Sub-Servicer from funds otherwise payable to the
Certificateholders. If any Mortgaged Property securing a defaulted Mortgage Loan
is damaged and proceeds, if any (see "--Special Hazard Insurance Policies" below
for risks which are not covered by such policies), from the related hazard
insurance policy or applicable Special Hazard Instrument are insufficient to
restore the damaged property to a condition sufficient to permit recovery under
the Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy, the Master Servicer, Servicer or
Sub-Servicer is not required to expend its own funds to restore the damaged
property unless it determines that (a) such restoration will increase the
proceeds to Certificateholders on liquidation of the Mortgage Loan after
reimbursement of the Master Servicer, Servicer or Sub-Servicer for its expenses
and (b) such expenses will be recoverable by it through Liquidation Proceeds or
Insurance Proceeds.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy (and certain Primary Insurance Policies) will
likely not insure against loss sustained by reason of a default arising from,
among other things, (i) fraud or negligence in the origination or servicing of a
Mortgage Loan, including misrepresentation by the Mortgagor, the Mortgage
Collateral Seller or other persons involved in the origination thereof, or (ii)
failure to construct a Mortgaged Property in accordance with plans and
specifications. Depending upon the nature of the event, a breach of
representation made by a Mortgage Collateral Seller may also have occurred. Such
a breach, unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, would
not give rise to a repurchase obligation on the part of the Company or
Residential Funding.
The original amount of coverage under each Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy
will be reduced over the life of the related series of Certificates by the
aggregate amount of claims paid less the aggregate of the net amounts realized
by the Pool Insurer upon disposition of all foreclosed properties. The amount of
claims paid includes certain expenses incurred by the Master Servicer, Servicer
or Sub-Servicer as well as accrued interest on delinquent Mortgage Loans to the
date of payment of the claim. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans and
Contracts -- Foreclosure." Accordingly, if aggregate net claims paid under any
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy reach the original policy limit, coverage under
that Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy will be exhausted and any further losses
will be borne by the related Certificateholders. In addition, unless the Master
Servicer or Servicer could determine that an Advance in respect of a delinquent
Mortgage Loan would be recoverable to it from the proceeds of the liquidation of
such Mortgage Loan or otherwise, the Master Servicer or Servicer would not be
obligated to make an Advance respecting any such delinquency since the Advance
would not be ultimately recoverable to it from either the Mortgage Pool
Insurance Policy or from any other related source. See "Description of the
Certificates --Advances."
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Since each Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy will require that the property
subject to a defaulted Mortgage Loan be restored to its original condition prior
to claiming against the Pool Insurer, such policy will not provide coverage
against hazard losses. As set forth under "Insurance Policies on Mortgage Loans
or Contracts -- Standard Hazard Insurance on Mortgaged Properties," the hazard
policies covering the Mortgage Loans typically exclude from coverage physical
damage resulting from a number of causes and, even when the damage is covered,
may afford recoveries which are significantly less than full replacement cost of
such losses. Additionally, no coverage in respect of Special Hazard Losses,
Fraud Losses or Bankruptcy Losses will cover all risks, and the amount of any
such coverage will be limited. See "--Special Hazard Insurance Policies" below.
As a result, certain hazard risks will not be insured against and may be borne
by Certificateholders.
Contract Pools may be covered by pool insurance policies (each, a
"Contract Pool Insurance Policy") that are similar to the Mortgage Pool
Insurance Policies described above.
Special Hazard Insurance Policies
Any insurance policy covering Special Hazard Losses (a "Special Hazard
Insurance Policy") obtained for a Trust Fund will be issued by the insurer named
in the related Prospectus Supplement (the "Special Hazard Insurer"). Each
Special Hazard Insurance Policy, subject to limitations described below and in
the related Prospectus Supplement, if any, will protect the related
Certificateholders from Special Hazard Losses which are (i) losses due to direct
physical damage to a Mortgaged Property other than any loss of a type covered by
a hazard insurance policy or a flood insurance policy, if applicable, and (ii)
losses from partial damage caused by reason of the application of the
co-insurance clauses contained in hazard insurance policies. See "Insurance
Policies on Mortgage Loans or Contracts." A Special Hazard Insurance Policy will
not cover losses occasioned by war, civil insurrection, certain governmental
actions, errors in design, faulty workmanship or materials (except under certain
circumstances), nuclear reaction, chemical contamination or waste by the
Mortgagor. Aggregate claims under a Special Hazard Insurance Policy will be
limited to the amount set forth in the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement
and will be subject to reduction as set forth in such related Pooling and
Servicing Agreement. A Special Hazard Insurance Policy will provide that no
claim may be paid unless hazard and, if applicable, flood insurance on the
property securing the Mortgage Loan or Contract has been kept in force and other
protection and preservation expenses have been paid by the Master Servicer or
Servicer.
Subject to the foregoing limitations, a Special Hazard Insurance Policy
will provide that, where there has been damage to property securing a foreclosed
Mortgage Loan (title to which has been acquired by the insured) and to the
extent such damage is not covered by the hazard insurance policy or flood
insurance policy, if any, maintained by the Mortgagor or the Master Servicer,
Servicer or Sub-Servicer, the insurer will pay the lesser of (i) the cost of
repair or replacement of such property or (ii) upon transfer of the property to
the insurer, the unpaid principal balance of such Mortgage Loan or Contract at
the time of acquisition of such property by foreclosure or deed in lieu of
foreclosure, plus accrued interest at the Mortgage Rate to the date of claim
settlement and certain expenses incurred by the Master Servicer, Servicer or
Sub-Servicer with respect to such property. If the property is transferred to a
third party in a sale approved by the Special Hazard Insurer, the amount that
the Special Hazard Insurer will pay will be the amount under (ii) above reduced
by the net proceeds of the sale of the property. If the unpaid principal balance
plus accrued interest and certain expenses is paid by the Special Hazard
Insurer, the amount of further coverage under the related Special Hazard
Insurance Policy will be reduced by such amount less any net proceeds from the
sale of the property. Any amount paid as the cost of repair of the property will
further reduce coverage by such amount. Restoration of the property with the
proceeds described under (i) above will satisfy the condition under each
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy or Contract Pool Insurance Policy that the
property be restored before a claim under such policy may be validly presented
with respect to the defaulted Mortgage Loan or Contract secured by such
property. The payment described under (ii) above will render presentation of a
claim in respect of such Mortgage Loan or Contract under the related Mortgage
Pool Insurance Policy or Contract Pool Insurance Policy unnecessary. Therefore,
so long as a Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy or Contract Pool Insurance Policy
remains in effect, the payment by the insurer under a Special Hazard Insurance
Policy of the cost of repair or of the unpaid principal balance of the related
Mortgage Loan or contract plus accrued interest and certain expenses will not
affect the total Insurance Proceeds paid to Certificateholders, but will affect
the relative amounts
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of coverage remaining under the related Special Hazard Insurance Policy and
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy or Contract Pool Insurance Policy.
To the extent set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement, coverage in
respect of Special Hazard Losses for a series of Certificates may be provided,
in whole or in part, by a type of special hazard coverage other than a Special
Hazard Insurance Policy or by means of a representation of the Company or
Residential Funding.
Bankruptcy Bonds
In the event of a personal bankruptcy of a Mortgagor, a bankruptcy court
may establish the value of the Mortgaged Property of such Mortgagor at an amount
less than the then outstanding principal balance of the first and junior liens
or Contract secured by such Mortgaged Property (such difference, a "Deficient
Valuation"). The amount of the secured debt could then be reduced to such value
and, thus, the holder of a Mortgage Loan or Contract would become an unsecured
creditor to the extent the outstanding principal balance of such Mortgage Loan
(together with any senior mortgage loan, with respect to a Junior Mortgage Loan)
or Contract exceeds the value assigned to the Mortgaged Property by the
bankruptcy court. In addition, certain other modifications of the terms of a
Mortgage Loan or Contract can result from a bankruptcy proceeding, including a
reduction in the amount of the Monthly Payment on the related Mortgage Loan (a
"Debt Service Reduction"). See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans and
Contracts -- Mortgage Loans -- Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations
on Lenders." Any Bankruptcy Bond to provide coverage for Bankruptcy Losses
resulting from proceedings under the federal Bankruptcy Code obtained for a
Trust Fund will be issued by an insurer named in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The level of coverage under each Bankruptcy Bond will be set forth
in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Reserve Funds
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Company will
deposit or cause to be deposited in an account (a "Reserve Fund") any
combination of cash or Permitted Investments in specified amounts, or any other
instrument satisfactory to the Rating Agency or Agencies, which will be applied
and maintained in the manner and under the conditions specified in such
Prospectus Supplement. In the alternative or in addition to such deposit, to the
extent described in the related Prospectus Supplement, a Reserve Fund may be
funded through application of all or a portion of amounts otherwise payable on
any related Subordinate Certificates, from the Spread or otherwise. To the
extent that the funding of the Reserve Fund is dependent on amounts otherwise
payable on related Subordinate Certificates, Spread or other cash flows
attributable to the related Mortgage Loans or on reinvestment income, the
Reserve Fund may provide less coverage than initially expected if the cash flows
or reinvestment income on which such funding is dependent are lower than
anticipated. With respect to any series of Certificates as to which credit
enhancement includes a Letter of Credit, if so specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, under certain circumstances the remaining amount of the
Letter of Credit may be drawn by the Trustee and deposited in a Reserve Fund.
Amounts in a Reserve Fund may be distributed to Certificateholders, or applied
to reimburse the Master Servicer or Servicer for outstanding Advances, or may be
used for other purposes, in the manner and to the extent specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, any such Reserve Fund will not be deemed to be part of
the related Trust Fund. A Reserve Fund may provide coverage to more than one
series of Certificates, if set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Trustee will have a perfected security interest for the benefit of the
Certificateholders in the assets in the Reserve Fund. However, to the extent
that the Company, any affiliate thereof or any other entity has an interest in
any Reserve Fund, in the event of the bankruptcy, receivership or insolvency of
such entity, there could be delays in withdrawals from the Reserve Fund and the
corresponding payments to the Certificateholders. Such delays could adversely
affect the yield to investors on the related Certificates.
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Amounts deposited in any Reserve Fund for a series will be invested in
Permitted Investments by, or at the direction of, and for the benefit of a
Servicer, the Master Servicer, the Certificate Administrator or any other person
named in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Certificate Insurance Policies
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Company may
obtain one or more certificate insurance policies (each, a "Certificate
Insurance Policy"), issued by insurers acceptable to the Rating Agency or
Agencies rating the Certificates offered pursuant to such Prospectus Supplement,
insuring the holders of one or more classes of Certificates the payment of
amounts due in accordance with the terms of such class or classes of
Certificates. Any Certificate Insurance Policy will have the characteristics
described in and will be subject to such limitations and exceptions as set forth
in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Surety Bonds
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Company may
obtain one or more surety bonds (each, a "Surety Bond"), issued by insurers
acceptable to the Rating Agency or Agencies rating the Certificates offered
pursuant to such Prospectus Supplement, insuring the holders of one or more
classes of Certificates the payment of amounts due in accordance with the terms
of such class or classes of Certificates. Any surety bond will have the
characteristics described in and will be subject to such limitations and
exceptions as set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Maintenance of Credit Enhancement
If credit enhancement has been obtained for a series of Certificates, the
Master Servicer, the Servicer or the Certificate Administrator will be obligated
to exercise its best reasonable efforts to keep or cause to be kept such credit
enhancement in full force and effect throughout the term of the applicable
Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement, unless coverage thereunder
has been exhausted through payment of claims or otherwise, or substitution
therefor is made as described below under "--Reduction or Substitution of Credit
Enhancement." The Master Servicer, the Servicer or the Certificate
Administrator, as applicable, on behalf of itself, the Trustee and
Certificateholders, will be required to provide information required for the
Trustee to draw under any applicable credit enhancement.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Master Servicer, the Servicer or the Certificate Administrator will agree to pay
the premiums for each Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy, Contract Pool Insurance
Policy, Special Hazard Insurance Policy, Bankruptcy Bond, Certificate Insurance
Policy or Surety Bond, as applicable, on a timely basis. In the event the
related insurer ceases to be a "Qualified Insurer" because it ceases to be
qualified under applicable law to transact such insurance business or coverage
is terminated for any reason other than exhaustion of such coverage, the Master
Servicer, the Servicer or the Certificate Administrator will use its best
reasonable efforts to obtain from another Qualified Insurer a comparable
replacement insurance policy or bond with a total coverage equal to the then
outstanding coverage of such policy or bond. If the cost of the replacement
policy is greater than the cost of such policy or bond, the coverage of the
replacement policy or bond will, unless otherwise agreed to by the Company, be
reduced to a level such that its premium rate does not exceed the premium rate
on the original insurance policy. In the event that the Pool Insurer ceases to
be a Qualified Insurer because it ceases to be approved as an insurer by Freddie
Mac, Fannie Mae or any successor entity, the Master Servicer, the Servicer or
the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, will review, not less often than
monthly, the financial condition of the Pool Insurer with a view toward
determining whether recoveries under the Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy or
Contract Pool Insurance Policy are jeopardized for reasons related to the
financial condition of the Pool Insurer. If the Master Servicer, the Servicer or
the Certificate Administrator determines that recoveries are so jeopardized, it
will exercise its best reasonable efforts to obtain from another Qualified
Insurer a replacement insurance policy as described above, subject to the same
cost limit. Any losses in market value of the Certificates associated with any
reduction or withdrawal in rating by an applicable Rating Agency shall be borne
by the Certificateholders.
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If any property securing a defaulted Mortgage Loan or Contract is damaged
and proceeds, if any, from the related hazard insurance policy or any applicable
Special Hazard Insurance Policy are insufficient to restore the damaged property
to a condition sufficient to permit recovery under any Letter of Credit,
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy, Contract Pool Insurance Policy or any related
Primary Insurance Policy, the Master Servicer or the Servicer, as applicable, is
not required to expend its own funds to restore the damaged property unless it
determines (i) that such restoration will increase the proceeds to one or more
classes of Certificateholders on liquidation of the Mortgage Loan after
reimbursement of the Master Servicer or the Servicer, as applicable, for its
expenses and (ii) that such expenses will be recoverable by it through
Liquidation Proceeds or Insurance Proceeds. If recovery under any Letter of
Credit, Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy, Contract Pool Insurance Policy, other
credit enhancement or any related Primary Insurance Policy is not available
because the Master Servicer or the Servicer, as applicable, has been unable to
make the above determinations, has made such determinations incorrectly or
recovery is not available for any other reason, the Master Servicer or the
Servicer, as applicable, is nevertheless obligated to follow such normal
practices and procedures (subject to the preceding sentence) as it deems
necessary or advisable to realize upon the defaulted Mortgage Loan and in the
event such determination has been incorrectly made, is entitled to reimbursement
of its expenses in connection with such restoration.
Reduction or Substitution of Credit Enhancement
Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement, the amount of
credit support provided with respect to any series of Certificates may be
reduced under certain specified circumstances. In most cases, the amount
available as credit support will be subject to periodic reduction on a
non-discretionary basis in accordance with a schedule or formula set forth in
the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement. Additionally, in
most cases, such credit support may be replaced, reduced or terminated, and the
formula used in calculating the amount of coverage with respect to Bankruptcy
Losses, Special Hazard Losses or Fraud Losses may be changed, without the
consent of the Certificateholders, upon the written assurance from each
applicable Rating Agency that the then-current rating of the related series of
Certificates will not be adversely affected thereby. Furthermore, in the event
that the credit rating of any obligor under any applicable credit enhancement is
downgraded, the credit rating of each class of the related Certificates may be
downgraded to a corresponding level, and, unless otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the Master Servicer, the Servicer or the
Certificate Administrator, as applicable, will not be obligated to obtain
replacement credit support in order to restore the rating of the Certificates.
The Master Servicer, the Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as
applicable, will also be permitted to replace such credit support with other
credit enhancement instruments issued by obligors whose credit ratings are
equivalent to such downgraded level and in lower amounts which would satisfy
such downgraded level, provided that the then-current rating of each class of
the related series of Certificates is maintained. Where the credit support is in
the form of a Reserve Fund, a permitted reduction in the amount of credit
enhancement will result in a release of all or a portion of the assets in the
Reserve Fund to the Company, the Master Servicer or such other person that is
entitled thereto. Any assets so released will not be available for distributions
in future periods.
OTHER FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS RELATED TO THE CERTIFICATES
Swaps and Yield Supplement Agreements
The Trustee on behalf of the Trust Fund may enter into interest rate swaps
and related caps, floors and collars to minimize the risk of Certificateholders
from adverse changes in interest rates (collectively, "Swaps"), and other yield
supplement agreements or similar yield maintenance arrangements that do not
involve swap agreements or other notional principal contracts (collectively,
"Yield Supplement Agreements").
An interest rate Swap is an agreement between two parties
("Counterparties") to exchange a stream of interest payments on an agreed
hypothetical or "notional" principal amount. No principal amount is exchanged
between the Counterparties to an interest rate Swap. In the typical Swap, one
party agrees to pay a fixed rate on a notional principal amount, while the
Counterparty pays a floating rate based on one or more reference interest rates
such as the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), a specified bank's prime
rate or U.S. Treasury Bill rates. Interest rate Swaps also permit Counterparties
to exchange a floating rate obligation based upon one reference
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interest rate (such as LIBOR) for a floating rate obligation based upon another
referenced interest rate (such as U.S. Treasury Bill rates).
The Swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a significant
number of banks and financial service firms acting both as principals and as
agents utilizing standardized Swap documentation. Caps, floors and collars are
more recent innovations, and they are less liquid than other Swaps.
Yield Supplement Agreements may be entered into to supplement the interest
rate or rates on one or more classes of the Certificates of any Series.
There can be no assurance that the Trustee will be able to enter into or
offset Swaps or enter into Yield Supplement Agreements at any specific time or
at prices or on other terms that are advantageous. In addition, although the
terms of Swaps and Yield Supplement Agreements may provide for termination under
certain circumstances, there can be no assurance that the Trustee will be able
to terminate a Swap or Yield Supplement Agreement when it would be economically
advantageous to the Trust Fund to do so.
Purchase Obligations
Certain types of Mortgage Collateral and certain classes of Certificates
of any series, as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, may be subject
to a purchase obligation (a "Purchase Obligation") that would become applicable
on one or more specified dates, or upon the occurrence of one or more specified
events, or on demand made by or on behalf of the applicable Certificateholders.
A Purchase Obligation may be in the form of a conditional or unconditional
purchase commitment, liquidity facility, maturity guaranty, put option or demand
feature. The terms and conditions of each Purchase Obligation, including the
purchase price, timing and payment procedure, will be described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. The purchase price will not be determined by reference to
the value of the assets in the Trust Fund. A Purchase Obligation with respect to
Mortgage Collateral may apply to that Mortgage Collateral or to the related
Certificates. Each Purchase Obligation may be a secured or unsecured obligation
of the provider thereof, which may include a bank or other financial institution
or an insurance company. Each Purchase Obligation will be evidenced by an
instrument delivered to the Trustee for the benefit of the applicable
Certificateholders of the related series. Unless otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, each Purchase Obligation with respect to Mortgage
Collateral will be payable solely to the Trustee for the benefit of the
Certificateholders of the related series. Other Purchase Obligations may be
payable to the Trustee or directly to the holders of the Certificates to which
such obligations relate.
INSURANCE POLICIES ON MORTGAGE LOANS OR CONTRACTS
Each Mortgage Loan or Contract will be required to be covered by a hazard
insurance policy (as described below) and, in certain cases, a Primary Insurance
Policy. In addition, FHA Loans and VA Loans will be covered by the government
mortgage insurance programs described below. The descriptions of any insurance
policies set forth in this Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement and the
coverage thereunder do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their
entirety by reference to such forms of policies.
Primary Mortgage Insurance Policies
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, (i) each
Mortgage Loan having a Loan-to-Value Ratio (or, in the case of a Junior Mortgage
Loan, a Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio) at origination of over 80% will be covered
by a primary mortgage guaranty insurance policy (a "Primary Insurance Policy")
insuring against default on such Mortgage Loan as to at least the principal
amount thereof exceeding 75% of the Appraised Value of the Mortgaged Property at
origination of the Mortgage Loan, unless and until the principal balance of the
Mortgage Loan is reduced to a level that would produce a Loan-to-Value Ratio
(or, in the case of a Junior Mortgage Loan, a Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio)
equal to or less than 80%, and (ii) the Company or the related Mortgage
Collateral Seller will represent and warrant that, to the best of such entity's
knowledge, such Mortgage Loans are so covered. Unless otherwise specified in the
Prospectus Supplement, the Company will have the ability to cancel
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any Primary Insurance Policy if the Loan-to-Value Ratio (or Combined
Loan-to-Value Ratio) of the Mortgage Loan is reduced below 80% (or a lesser
specified percentage) based on an appraisal of the Mortgaged Property after the
related Closing Date or as a result of principal payments that reduce the
principal balance of the Mortgage Loan after such Closing Date. Mortgage Loans
which are subject to negative amortization will only be covered by a Primary
Insurance Policy if such coverage was so required upon their origination,
notwithstanding that subsequent negative amortization may cause such Mortgage
Loan's Loan-to-Value Ratio (or Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio), (based on the
then-current balance), to subsequently exceed the limits which would have
required such coverage upon their origination. Junior Mortgage Loans generally
will not be required by the Company to be covered by a primary mortgage guaranty
insurance policy insuring against default on such Mortgage Loan. Generally,
Mexico Mortgage Loans will have Loan-to-Value Ratios of less than 80% and will
not be insured under a Primary Insurance Policy. Primary mortgage insurance or
similar credit enhancement on a Mexico Mortgage Loan may be issued by a private
corporation or a governmental agency and may be in the form of a guarantee,
insurance policy or another type of credit enhancement.
While the terms and conditions of the Primary Insurance Policies issued by
one primary mortgage guaranty insurer (a "Primary Insurer") will differ from
those in Primary Insurance Policies issued by other Primary Insurers, each
Primary Insurance Policy generally will pay either: (i) the insured percentage
of the loss on the related Mortgaged Property; (ii) the entire amount of such
loss, after receipt by the Primary Insurer of good and merchantable title to,
and possession of, the Mortgaged Property; or (iii) at the option of the Primary
Insurer under certain Primary Insurance Policies, the sum of the delinquent
monthly payments plus any advances made by the insured, both to the date of the
claim payment and, thereafter, monthly payments in the amount that would have
become due under the Mortgage Loan if it had not been discharged plus any
advances made by the insured until the earlier of (a) the date the Mortgage Loan
would have been discharged in full if the default had not occurred or (b) an
approved sale. The amount of the loss as calculated under a Primary Insurance
Policy covering a Mortgage Loan will generally consist of the unpaid principal
amount of such Mortgage Loan and accrued and unpaid interest thereon and
reimbursement of certain expenses, less (i) rents or other payments received by
the insured (other than the proceeds of hazard insurance) that are derived from
the related Mortgaged Property, (ii) hazard insurance proceeds received by the
insured in excess of the amount required to restore such Mortgaged Property and
which have not been applied to the payment of the Mortgage Loan, (iii) amounts
expended but not approved by the Primary Insurer, (iv) claim payments previously
made on such Mortgage Loan and (v) unpaid premiums and certain other amounts.
As conditions precedent to the filing or payment of a claim under a
Primary Insurance Policy, in the event of default by the Mortgagor, the insured
will typically be required, among other things, to: (i) advance or discharge (a)
hazard insurance premiums and (b) as necessary and approved in advance by the
Primary Insurer, real estate taxes, protection and preservation expenses and
foreclosure and related costs; (ii) in the event of any physical loss or damage
to the Mortgaged Property, have the Mortgaged Property restored to at least its
condition at the effective date of the Primary Insurance Policy (ordinary wear
and tear excepted); and (iii) tender to the Primary Insurer good and
merchantable title to, and possession of, the Mortgaged Property.
The Pooling and Servicing Agreement for a series generally will require
that, to the extent coverage is available and for so long as a Primary Insurance
Policy is required to be maintained, the Master Servicer or Servicer shall
maintain, or cause to be maintained, coverage under a Primary Insurance Policy
to the extent such coverage was in place on the Cut-off Date and the Master
Servicer or Servicer had knowledge of such Primary Insurance Policy.
Any primary mortgage insurance or primary credit insurance policies
relating to Contracts will be described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Standard Hazard Insurance on Mortgaged Properties
The terms of the Mortgage Loans require each Mortgagor to maintain a
hazard insurance policy covering the related Mortgaged Property and providing
for coverage at least equal to that of the standard form of fire insurance
policy with extended coverage customary in the state in which the property is
located. Such coverage
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generally will be in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the principal balance
of such Mortgage Loan and, in the case of Junior Mortgage Loans, the principal
balance of any senior mortgage loans, or (ii) 100% of the insurable value of the
improvements securing the Mortgage Loan. The Pooling and Servicing Agreement
will provide that the Master Servicer or Servicer shall cause such hazard
policies to be maintained or shall obtain a blanket policy insuring against
losses on the Mortgage Loans. The ability of the Master Servicer or Servicer to
ensure that hazard insurance proceeds are appropriately applied may be dependent
on its being named as an additional insured under any hazard insurance policy
and under any flood insurance policy referred to below, or upon the extent to
which information in this regard is furnished to the Master Servicer or the
Servicer by Mortgagors or Sub-Servicers. If Junior Mortgage Loans are included
within any Trust Fund, investors should also consider the application of hazard
insurance proceeds discussed herein under "Certain Legal Aspects of the Mortgage
Loans and Contracts -- The Mortgage Loans -- Junior Mortgages, Rights of Senior
Mortgages."
In general, the standard form of fire and extended coverage policy covers
physical damage to or destruction of the improvements on the property by fire,
lightning, explosion, smoke, windstorm, hail, riot, strike and civil commotion,
subject to the conditions and exclusions specified in each policy. The policies
relating to the Mortgage Loans will be underwritten by different insurers under
different state laws in accordance with different applicable state forms and
therefore will not contain identical terms and conditions, the basic terms
thereof are dictated by respective state laws. Such policies typically do not
cover any physical damage resulting from the following: war, revolution,
governmental actions, floods and other water-related causes, earth movement
(including earthquakes, landslides and mudflows), nuclear reactions, wet or dry
rot, vermin, rodents, insects or domestic animals, theft and, in certain cases,
vandalism. The foregoing list is merely indicative of certain kinds of uninsured
risks and is not intended to be all-inclusive. Where the improvements securing a
Mortgage Loan are located in a federally designated flood area at the time of
origination of such Mortgage Loan, the Pooling and Servicing Agreement generally
requires the Master Servicer or Servicer to cause to be maintained for each such
Mortgage Loan serviced, flood insurance (to the extent available) in an amount
equal in general to the lesser of the amount required to compensate for any loss
or damage on a replacement cost basis or the maximum insurance available under
the federal flood insurance program.
Since the amount of hazard insurance that Mortgagors are required to
maintain on the improvements securing the Mortgage Loans may decline as the
principal balances owing thereon decrease, and since residential properties have
historically appreciated in value over time, hazard insurance proceeds could be
insufficient to restore fully the damaged property in the event of a partial
loss. See "Subordination" above for a description of when subordination is
provided, the protection (limited to the Special Hazard Amount as described in
the related Prospectus Supplement) afforded by such subordination, and
"Description of Credit Enhancement -- Special Hazard Insurance Policies" for a
description of the limited protection afforded by any Special Hazard Insurance
Policy against losses occasioned by hazards which are otherwise uninsured
against.
Hazard insurance on the Mexican Properties will generally be provided by
insurers located in Mexico. The Company may not be able to obtain as much
information about the financial condition of the companies issuing hazard
insurance in Mexico as it is able to obtain with respect to companies based in
the United States. The ability of such insurers to pay claims also may be
affected by, among other things, adverse political and economic developments in
Mexico.
Standard Hazard Insurance on Manufactured Homes
The terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement will require the Servicer
or the Master Servicer, as applicable, to cause to be maintained with respect to
each Contract one or more Standard Hazard Insurance Policies which provide, at a
minimum, the same coverage as a standard form fire and extended coverage
insurance policy that is customary for manufactured housing, issued by a company
authorized to issue such policies in the state in which the Manufactured Home is
located, and in an amount which is not less than the maximum insurable value of
such Manufactured Home or the principal balance due from the Mortgagor on the
related Contract, whichever is less. Such coverage may be provided by one or
more blanket insurance policies covering losses on the Contracts resulting from
the absence or insufficiency of individual Standard Hazard Insurance Policies.
If a Manufactured
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Home's location was, at the time of origination of the related Contract, within
a federally designated flood area, the Servicer or the Master Servicer also will
be required to maintain flood insurance.
If the Servicer or the Master Servicer repossesses a Manufactured Home on
behalf of the Trustee, the Servicer or the Master Servicer will either (i)
maintain at its expense hazard insurance with respect to such Manufactured Home
or (ii) indemnify the Trustee against any damage to such Manufactured Home prior
to resale or other disposition.
FHA Mortgage Insurance
The Housing Act authorizes various FHA mortgage insurance programs. Some
of the Mortgage Loans may be insured under either Section 203(b), Section 234 or
Section 235 of the Housing Act. Under Section 203(b), FHA insures mortgage loans
of up to 30 years' duration for the purchase of one- to four-family dwelling
units. Mortgage Loans for the purchase of condominium units are insured by FHA
under Section 234. Loans insured under these programs must bear interest at a
rate not exceeding the maximum rate in effect at the time the loan is made, as
established by HUD, and may not exceed specified percentages of the lesser of
the appraised value of the property and the sales price, less seller paid
closing costs for the property, up to certain specified maximums. In addition,
FHA imposes initial investment minimums and other requirements on mortgage loans
insured under the Section 203(b) and Section 234 programs.
Under Section 235, assistance payments are paid by HUD to the mortgagee on
behalf of eligible mortgagors for as long as the mortgagors continue to be
eligible for the payments. To be eligible, a mortgagor must be part of a family,
have income within the limits prescribed by HUD at the time of initial
occupancy, occupy the property and meet requirements for recertification at
least annually.
The regulations governing these programs provide that insurance benefits
are payable either (i) upon foreclosure (or other acquisition of possession) and
conveyance of the mortgaged premises to HUD or (ii) upon assignment of the
defaulted mortgage loan to HUD. The FHA insurance that may be provided under
these programs upon the conveyance of the home to HUD is equal to 100% of the
outstanding principal balance of the mortgage loan, plus accrued interest, as
described below, and certain additional costs and expenses. When entitlement to
insurance benefits results from assignment of the mortgage loan to HUD, the
insurance payment is computed as of the date of the assignment and includes the
unpaid principal amount of the mortgage loan plus mortgage interest accrued and
unpaid to the assignment date.
When entitlement to insurance benefits results from foreclosure (or other
acquisition of possession) and conveyance, the insurance payment is equal to the
unpaid principal amount of the mortgage loan, adjusted to reimburse the
mortgagee for certain tax, insurance and similar payments made by it and to
deduct certain amounts received or retained by the mortgagee after default, plus
reimbursement not to exceed two-thirds of the mortgagee's foreclosure costs. Any
FHA insurance relating to Contracts underlying a series of Certificates will be
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
VA Mortgage Guaranty
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended, permits a veteran
(or, in certain instances, his or her spouse) to obtain a mortgage loan guaranty
by the VA covering mortgage financing of the purchase of a one-to four-family
dwelling unit to be occupied as the veteran's home at an interest rate not
exceeding the maximum rate in effect at the time the loan is made, as
established by HUD. The program has no limit on the amount of a mortgage loan,
requires no down payment from the purchaser and permits the guaranty of mortgage
loans with terms, limited by the estimated economic life of the property, up to
30 years. The maximum guaranty that may be issued by the VA under this program
is 50% of the original principal amount of the mortgage loan up to a certain
dollar limit established by the VA. The liability on the guaranty is reduced or
increased pro rata with any reduction or increase in the amount of indebtedness,
but in no event will the amount payable on the guaranty exceed the amount of the
original guaranty. Notwithstanding the dollar and percentage limitations of the
guaranty, a mortgagee will ordinarily suffer a monetary loss only when the
difference between the unsatisfied indebtedness and the proceeds
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of a foreclosure sale of mortgaged premises is greater than the original
guaranty as adjusted. The VA may, at its option, and without regard to the
guaranty, make full payment to a mortgagee of the unsatisfied indebtedness on a
mortgage upon its assignment to the VA.
Since there is no limit imposed by the VA on the principal amount of a
VA-guaranteed mortgage loan but there is a limit on the amount of the VA
guaranty, additional coverage under a Primary Mortgage Insurance Policy may be
required by the Company for VA loans in excess of certain amounts. The amount of
any such additional coverage will be set forth in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Any VA guaranty relating to Contracts underlying a series of
Certificates will be described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
THE COMPANY
The Company is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of GMAC Mortgage which
is a wholly-owned subsidiary of General Motors Acceptance Corporation. The
Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware in November 1994. The Company
was organized for the purpose of acquiring mortgage loans and contracts and
issuing securities backed by such mortgage loans or contracts. The Company
anticipates that it will in many cases have acquired Mortgage Loans indirectly
through Residential Funding, which is also an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary
of GMAC Mortgage. The Company does not have, nor is it expected in the future to
have, any significant assets.
The Certificates do not represent an interest in or an obligation of the
Company. The Company's only obligations with respect to a series of Certificates
will be pursuant to certain limited representations and warranties made by the
Company or as otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The Company maintains its principal office at 8400 Normandale Lake
Boulevard, Suite 600, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55437. Its telephone number is
(612) 832-7000.
RESIDENTIAL FUNDING CORPORATION
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
Residential Funding, an affiliate of the Company, will act as the Master
Servicer or Certificate Administrator for each series of Certificates.
Residential Funding buys conventional mortgage loans under several loan
purchase programs from mortgage loan originators or sellers nationwide that meet
its seller/servicer eligibility requirements and services mortgage loans for its
own account and for others. Residential Funding's principal executive offices
are located at 8400 Normandale Lake Boulevard, Suite 600, Minneapolis, Minnesota
55437. Its telephone number is (612) 832-7000. Residential Funding conducts
operations from its headquarters in Minneapolis and from offices located in
California, Florida, Georgia, Maryland and New York. At March 31, 1998
Residential Funding was master servicing a first lien loan portfolio of
approximately $46.5 billion and a second lien loan portfolio of approximately
$2.7 billion.
THE POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT
As described above under "Description of the Certificates -- General,"
each series of Certificates will be issued pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing
Agreement or, if the Trust Fund for a series of Certificates contains Agency
Securities, a Trust Agreement. The discussion below covers Pooling and Servicing
Agreements, but its terms are also generally applicable to Trust Agreements. The
following summaries describe certain additional provisions common to each
Pooling and Servicing Agreement and are qualified entirely by reference to the
actual terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement for a series of
Certificates.
Servicing and Administration
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The Pooling and Servicing Agreement for a series of Certificates will set
forth the party responsible for performing servicing functions for such series
which may be the Master Servicer or one or more Servicers. If there is more than
one Servicer and there is no Master Servicer, a Certificate Administrator may be
party to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. The Certificate Administrator will
not be responsible for servicing Mortgage Loans or Contracts and instead will
perform certain specified administrative and reporting functions with regard to
the Trust Fund. In addition, if the Trust Fund for a series of Certificates
contains Agency Securities, generally the Certificate Administrator will perform
collection, administrative and reporting functions pursuant to a Trust Agreement
and no Master Servicer or Servicer will be appointed for such series.
The Master Servicer or any Servicer for a series of Certificates generally
will perform the functions set forth under "Description of the Certificates --
Servicing and Administration of Mortgage Collateral" above.
Events of Default
Events of Default under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement in respect of
a series of Certificates, unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus
Supplement, will include: (i) in the case of a Trust Fund including Mortgage
Loans or Contracts, any failure by the Certificate Administrator, the Master
Servicer or a Servicer (if such Servicer is a party to the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement) to make a required deposit to the Certificate Account or, if the
Certificate Administrator or the Master Servicer is the Paying Agent, to
distribute to the holders of any class of Certificates of such series any
required payment which continues unremedied for five days after the giving of
written notice of such failure to the Master Servicer or the Certificate
Administrator, as applicable, by the Trustee or the Company, or to the Master
Servicer, the Certificate Administrator, the Company and the Trustee by the
holders of Certificates of such class evidencing not less than 25% of the
aggregate Percentage Interests constituting such class; (ii) any failure by the
Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, duly to observe
or perform in any material respect any other of its covenants or agreements in
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement with respect to such series of Certificates
which continues unremedied for 30 days (15 days in the case of a failure to pay
the premium for any insurance policy which is required to be maintained under
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement) after the giving of written notice of such
failure to the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable,
by the Trustee or the Company, or to the Master Servicer, the Certificate
Administrator, the Company and the Trustee by the holders of any class of
Certificates of such series evidencing not less than 25% (33% in the case of a
Trust Fund including Agency Securities) of the aggregate Percentage Interests
constituting such class; and (iii) certain events of insolvency, readjustment of
debt, marshalling of assets and liabilities or similar proceedings regarding the
Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, and certain
actions by the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator indicating its
insolvency or inability to pay its obligations. A default pursuant to the terms
of any Agency Securities included in any Trust Fund will not constitute an Event
of Default under the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
Rights Upon Event of Default
So long as an Event of Default remains unremedied, either the Company or
the Trustee may, and, at the direction of the holders of Certificates evidencing
not less than 51% of the aggregate voting rights in the related Trust Fund, the
Trustee shall, by written notification to the Master Servicer or the Certificate
Administrator, as applicable, and to the Company or the Trustee, terminate all
of the rights and obligations of the Master Servicer or the Certificate
Administrator under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement (other than any rights
of the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator as Certificateholder)
covering such Trust Fund and in and to the Mortgage Collateral and the proceeds
thereof, whereupon the Trustee or, upon notice to the Company and with the
Company's consent, its designee will succeed to all responsibilities, duties and
liabilities of the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator under such
Pooling and Servicing Agreement (other than the obligation to purchase Mortgage
Collateral under certain circumstances) and will be entitled to similar
compensation arrangements. In the event that the Trustee would be obligated to
succeed the Master Servicer but is unwilling so to act, it may appoint (or if it
is unable so to act, it shall appoint) or petition a court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of, a Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac approved
mortgage servicing institution with a net worth of at least $10,000,000 to act
as successor to the Master Servicer under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement
(unless otherwise set forth in the Pooling and
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Servicing Agreement). Pending such appointment, the Trustee is obligated to act
in such capacity. The Trustee and such successor may agree upon the servicing
compensation to be paid, which in no event may be greater than the compensation
to the initial Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator under the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
No Certificateholder will have any right under a Pooling and Servicing
Agreement to institute any proceeding with respect to such Pooling and Servicing
Agreement unless such holder previously has given to the Trustee written notice
of default and the continuance thereof and unless the holders of Certificates of
any class evidencing not less than 25% of the aggregate Percentage Interests
constituting such class have made written request upon the Trustee to institute
such proceeding in its own name as Trustee thereunder and have offered to the
Trustee reasonable indemnity and the Trustee for 60 days after receipt of such
request and indemnity has neglected or refused to institute any such proceeding.
However, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the trusts
or powers vested in it by the Pooling and Servicing Agreement or to institute,
conduct or defend any litigation thereunder or in relation thereto at the
request, order or direction of any of the holders of Certificates covered by
such Pooling and Servicing Agreement, unless such Certificateholders have
offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs,
expenses and liabilities which may be incurred therein or thereby.
Amendment
Each Pooling and Servicing Agreement may be amended by the Company, the
Master Servicer, the Certificate Administrator or any Servicer, as applicable,
and the Trustee, without the consent of the related Certificateholders: (i) to
cure any ambiguity; (ii) to correct or supplement any provision therein which
may be inconsistent with any other provision therein or to correct any error;
(iii) to change the timing and/or nature of deposits in the Custodial Account or
the Certificate Account or to change the name in which the Custodial Account is
maintained (except that (a) deposits to the Certificate Account may not occur
later than the related Distribution Date, (b) such change may not adversely
affect in any material respect the interests of any Certificateholder, as
evidenced by an opinion of counsel, and (c) such change may not adversely affect
the then-current rating of any rated classes of Certificates, as evidenced by a
letter from each applicable Rating Agency); (iv) if a REMIC election has been
made with respect to the related Trust Fund, to modify, eliminate or add to any
of its provisions (a) to the extent necessary to maintain the qualification of
the Trust Fund as a REMIC or to avoid or minimize the risk of imposition of any
tax on the related Trust Fund, provided that the Trustee has received an opinion
of counsel to the effect that (1) such action is necessary or desirable to
maintain such qualification or to avoid or minimize such risk and (2) such
action will not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any
related Certificateholder or (b) to modify the provisions regarding the
transferability of the REMIC Residual Certificates, provided that the Company
has determined that such change would not adversely affect the applicable
ratings of any classes of the Certificates, as evidenced by a letter from each
applicable Rating Agency, and that any such amendment will not give rise to any
tax with respect to the transfer of the REMIC Residual Certificates to a
non-permitted transferee; or (v) to make any other provisions with respect to
matters or questions arising under such Pooling and Servicing Agreement which
are not materially inconsistent with the provisions thereof, so long as such
action will not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any
Certificateholder.
The Pooling and Servicing Agreement may also be amended by the Company,
the Master Servicer, the Certificate Administrator or any Servicer, as
applicable, and the Trustee with the consent of the holders of Certificates of
each class affected thereby evidencing, in each case, not less than 66% of the
aggregate Percentage Interests constituting such class for the purpose of adding
any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions
of such Pooling and Servicing Agreement or of modifying in any manner the rights
of the related Certificateholders, except that no such amendment may (i) reduce
in any manner the amount of, or delay the timing of, payments received on
Mortgage Collateral which are required to be distributed on a Certificate of any
class without the consent of the holder of such Certificate or (ii) reduce the
percentage of Certificates of any class the holders of which are required to
consent to any such amendment unless the holders of all Certificates of such
class have consented to the change in such percentage.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a REMIC election has been made with
respect to the related Trust Fund, the Trustee will not be entitled to consent
to any amendment to a Pooling and Servicing Agreement without having
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first received an opinion of counsel to the effect that such amendment or the
exercise of any power granted to the Master Servicer, the Certificate
Administrator, any Servicer, the Company or the Trustee in accordance with such
amendment will not result in the imposition of a tax on the related Trust Fund
or cause such Trust Fund to fail to qualify as a REMIC.
Termination; Retirement of Certificates
The obligations created by the Pooling and Servicing Agreement for each
series of Certificates (other than certain limited payment and notice
obligations of the Trustee and the Company, respectively) will terminate upon
the payment to the related Certificateholders of all amounts held in the
Certificate Account or by the Master Servicer or any Servicer and required to be
paid to Certificateholders following the earlier of (i) the final payment or
other liquidation or disposition (or any advance with respect thereto) of the
last item of Mortgage Collateral subject thereto and all property acquired upon
foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure of any Mortgage Loan or Contract and
(ii) the purchase by the Master Servicer, the Certificate Administrator, a
Servicer or the Company or, if specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
by the holder of the REMIC Residual Certificates (see "United States Federal
Income Tax Consequences" below) from the Trust Fund for such series of all
remaining Mortgage Collateral and all property acquired in respect of such
Mortgage Collateral. In addition to the foregoing, the Master Servicer, the
Certificate Administrator or the Company may have the option to purchase, in
whole but not in part, the Certificates specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement in the manner set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. Upon
the purchase of such Certificates or at any time thereafter, at the option of
the Master Servicer, the Certificate Administrator or the Company, the Mortgage
Collateral may be sold, thereby effecting a retirement of the Certificates and
the termination of the Trust Fund, or the Certificates so purchased may be held
or resold by the Master Servicer, the Certificate Administrator or the Company.
Written notice of termination of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement will be
given to each Certificateholder, and the final distribution will be made only
upon surrender and cancellation of the Certificates at an office or agency
appointed by the Trustee which will be specified in the notice of termination.
If the Certificateholders are permitted to terminate the trust under the
applicable Pooling and Servicing Agreement, a penalty may be imposed upon the
Certificateholders based upon the fee that would be foregone by the Master
Servicer, the Certificate Administrator or a Servicer, as applicable, because of
such termination.
Any such purchase of Mortgage Collateral and property acquired in respect
of Mortgage Collateral evidenced by a series of Certificates shall be made at
the option of the Master Servicer, the Certificate Administrator, a Servicer,
the Company or, if applicable, the holder of the REMIC Residual Certificates at
the price specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The exercise of such
right will effect early retirement of the Certificates of that series, but the
right of any such entity to purchase the Mortgage Collateral and related
property will be subject to the criteria, and will be at the price, set forth in
the related Prospectus Supplement. Such early termination may adversely affect
the yield to holders of certain classes of such Certificates. If a REMIC
election has been made, the termination of the related Trust Fund will be
effected in a manner consistent with applicable federal income tax regulations
and its status as a REMIC. The Trustee
The Trustee under each Pooling and Servicing Agreement will be named in
the related Prospectus Supplement. The commercial bank or trust company serving
as Trustee may have normal banking relationships with the Company and/or its
affiliates, including Residential Funding.
The Trustee may resign at any time, in which event the Company will be
obligated to appoint a successor trustee. The Company may also remove the
Trustee if the Trustee ceases to be eligible to continue as such under the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement or if the Trustee becomes insolvent. Upon
becoming aware of such circumstances, the Company will be obligated to appoint a
successor Trustee. The Trustee may also be removed at any time by the holders of
Certificates evidencing not less than 51% of the aggregate voting rights in the
related Trust Fund. Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of
a successor Trustee will not become effective until acceptance of the
appointment by the successor Trustee.
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YIELD CONSIDERATIONS
The yield to maturity of a Certificate will depend on the price paid by
the holder for such Certificate, the Pass-Through Rate on any such Certificate
entitled to payments of interest (which Pass-Through Rate may vary if so
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement) and the rate and timing of
principal payments (including prepayments, defaults, liquidations and
repurchases) on the Mortgage Collateral and the allocation thereof to reduce the
principal balance of such Certificate (or notional amount thereof, if
applicable).
The rate of defaults on the Mortgage Loans or Contracts will affect the
rate and timing of principal prepayments on such Mortgage Collateral and, thus,
the yield on the Certificates. Defaults on the Mortgage Loans or Contracts may
lead to Realized Losses upon foreclosure and liquidation. To the extent Realized
Losses are not covered by any credit enhancement, they will be allocated to
Certificates as described in the related Prospectus Supplement and, accordingly,
will affect the yield on such Certificates. In general, defaults on mortgage
loans or manufactured housing contracts are expected to occur with greater
frequency in their early years. The rate of default on refinance, limited
documentation or no documentation mortgage loans, and on mortgage loans or
manufactured housing contracts with high Loan-to-Value Ratios or Combined
Loan-to-Value Ratios, as applicable, may be higher than for other types of
mortgage loans or manufactured housing contracts. See "Risk Factors -- Risks
Associated with the Mortgage Collateral." Likewise, the rate of default on
mortgage loans or manufactured housing contracts that have been originated
pursuant to lower than traditional underwriting standards may be higher than
those originated pursuant to traditional standards. A Trust Fund may include
Mortgage Loans or Contracts that are one month or more delinquent at the time of
offering of the related series of Certificates. In addition, the rate and timing
of prepayments, defaults and liquidations on the Mortgage Loans or Contracts
will be affected by the general economic condition of the region of the country
or the locality in which the related Mortgaged Properties are located. The risk
of delinquencies and loss is greater and prepayments are less likely in regions
where a weak or deteriorating economy exists, as may be evidenced by, among
other factors, increasing unemployment or falling property values. The risk of
loss may also be greater on mortgage loans or contracts with Loan-to-Value
Ratios or Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios greater than 80% and no Primary
Insurance Policies. In addition, Manufactured Homes may decline in value even in
areas where real estate values generally have not declined. Each Prospectus
Supplement will highlight any material characteristics of the Mortgage
Collateral in the related Trust Fund that may make such Mortgage Collateral more
susceptible to default and loss.
Because of the uncertainty, delays and costs that may be associated with
realizing on collateral securing the Mexico Mortgage Loans, as well as the
additional risks of a decline in the value and marketability of such collateral,
the risk of loss with respect to Mexico Mortgage Loans may be greater than with
respect to Mortgage Loans secured by Mortgaged Properties located in the United
States. The risk of loss on Mortgage Loans made to International Borrowers and
on Puerto Rico Mortgage Loans may also be greater than Mortgage Loans that are
made to U.S. Borrowers or that are secured by properties located in the United
States. See "Risk Factors -- Risks Associated with the Mortgage Collateral" and
"Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans and Contracts."
The application of any withholding tax on payments made by borrowers of
Mexico Mortgage Loans residing outside of the United States may increase the
risk of default because the borrower may have qualified for the loan on the
basis of the lower mortgage payment, and may have difficulty making the
increased payments required to cover the withholding tax payments. The
application of withholding tax may increase the risk of loss because the
applicable taxing authorities may be permitted to place a lien on the mortgaged
property or effectively prevent the transfer of an interest in the mortgaged
property until any delinquent withholding taxes have been paid.
To the extent that any document relating to a Mortgage Loan or Contract is
not in the possession of the Trustee, such deficiency may make it difficult or
impossible to realize on the Mortgaged Property in the event of foreclosure
which will affect the amount of Liquidation Proceeds received by the Trustee.
See "Description of the Certificates -- Assignment of Mortgage Loans" and
"--Assignment of Contracts."
The amount of interest payments with respect to each item of Mortgage
Collateral distributed (or accrued in the case of Deferred Interest or Accrual
Certificates) monthly to holders of a class of Certificates entitled to payments
of interest will be calculated on the basis of such class's specified percentage
of each such payment of
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interest (or accrual in the case of Accrual Certificates) and will be expressed
as a fixed, adjustable or variable Pass-Through Rate payable on the outstanding
principal balance or notional amount of such Certificate, or any combination of
such Pass-Through Rates, calculated as described herein and in the related
Prospectus Supplement. See "Description of the Certificates -- Distributions."
Holders of Strip Certificates or a class of Certificates having a Pass-Through
Rate that varies based on the weighted average interest rate of the underlying
Mortgage Collateral will be affected by disproportionate prepayments and
repurchases of Mortgage Collateral having higher net interest rates or higher
rates applicable to the Strip Certificates, as applicable.
The effective yield to maturity to each holder of Certificates entitled to
payments of interest will be below that otherwise produced by the applicable
Pass-Through Rate and purchase price of such Certificate because, while interest
will accrue on each Mortgage Loan or Contract from the first day of each month,
the distribution of such interest will be made on the 25th day (or, if such day
is not a business day, the next succeeding business day) of the month following
the month of accrual or, in the case of a Trust Fund including Agency
Certificates, such other day that is specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
A class of Certificates may be entitled to payments of interest at a
fixed, variable or adjustable Pass-Through Rate, or any combination of such
Pass-Through Rates, as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. A
variable Pass-Through Rate may be calculated based on the weighted average of
the Mortgage Rates (net of Servicing Fees and any Certificate Administrator fee
or Spread (each, a "Net Mortgage Rate")) of the related Mortgage Collateral for
the month preceding the Distribution Date, by reference to an index or
otherwise. The aggregate payments of interest on a class of Certificates, and
the yield to maturity thereon, will be affected by the rate of payment of
principal on the Certificates (or the rate of reduction in the notional amount
of Certificates entitled to payments of interest only) and, in the case of
Certificates evidencing interests in ARM Loans, by changes in the Net Mortgage
Rates on the ARM Loans. See "Maturity and Prepayment Considerations" below. The
yield on the Certificates will also be affected by liquidations of Mortgage
Loans or Contracts following Mortgagor defaults and by purchases of Mortgage
Collateral in the event of breaches of representations made in respect of such
Mortgage Collateral by the Company, the Master Servicer and others, or
conversions of ARM Loans to a fixed interest rate. See "The Trust Funds --
Representations with Respect to Mortgage Collateral."
In general, if a Certificate is purchased at a premium over its face
amount and payments of principal on the related Mortgage Collateral occur at a
rate faster than anticipated at the time of purchase, the purchaser's actual
yield to maturity will be lower than that assumed at the time of purchase.
Conversely, if a class of Certificates is purchased at a discount from its face
amount and payments of principal on the related Mortgage Collateral occur at a
rate slower than that assumed at the time of purchase, the purchaser's actual
yield to maturity will be lower than that originally anticipated. If Strip
Certificates are issued evidencing a right to payments of interest only or
disproportionate payments of interest, a faster than expected rate of principal
prepayments on the Mortgage Collateral will negatively affect the total return
to investors in any such Certificates. If Strip Certificates are issued
evidencing a right to payments of principal only or disproportionate payments of
principal, a slower than expected rate of principal payments on the Mortgage
Collateral could negatively affect the anticipated yield on such Strip
Certificates. If Certificates with either of the foregoing characteristics are
issued, the total return to investors of such Certificates will be extremely
sensitive to such prepayments. In addition, the total return to investors of
Certificates evidencing a right to distributions of interest at a rate that is
based on the weighted average Net Mortgage Rate of the Mortgage Collateral from
time to time will be adversely affected by principal prepayments on Mortgage
Collateral with Mortgage Rates higher than the weighted average Mortgage Rate on
the Mortgage Collateral. In general, mortgage loans or manufactured housing
contracts with higher Mortgage Rates prepay at a faster rate than mortgage loans
or manufactured housing contracts with lower Mortgage Rates. The yield on a
class of Strip Certificates that is entitled to receive a portion of principal
or interest from each item of Mortgage Collateral in a Trust Fund will be
affected by any losses on the Mortgage Collateral because of the affect on
timing and amount of payments. In certain circumstances, rapid prepayments may
result in the failure of such holders to recoup their original investment. In
addition, the yield to maturity on certain other types of classes of
Certificates, including Accrual Certificates, Certificates with a Pass-Through
Rate that fluctuates inversely with or at a multiple of an index or certain
other classes in a series including more than one class of Certificates, may be
relatively more sensitive to the rate of prepayment on the related Mortgage
Collateral than other classes of Certificates.
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The timing of changes in the rate of principal payments on or repurchases
of the Mortgage Collateral may significantly affect an investor's actual yield
to maturity, even if the average rate of principal payments experienced over
time is consistent with an investor's expectation. In general, the earlier a
prepayment of principal on the Mortgage Collateral or a repurchase thereof, the
greater will be the effect on an investor's yield to maturity. As a result, the
effect on an investor's yield of principal payments and repurchases occurring at
a rate higher (or lower) than the rate anticipated by the investor during the
period immediately following the issuance of a series of Certificates would not
be fully offset by a subsequent like reduction (or increase) in the rate of
principal payments.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
prepayments in full or final liquidations will reduce the amount of interest
distributed in the following month to holders of Certificates entitled to
distributions of interest because the resulting Prepayment Interest Shortfall
will not be covered by Compensating Interest. See "Description of the
Certificates -- Prepayment Interest Shortfalls." Unless otherwise specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, a partial prepayment of principal is applied
so as to reduce the outstanding principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan
or Contract as of the first day of the month in which such partial prepayment is
received. As a result, unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the effect of a partial prepayment on a Mortgage Loan or Contract
will be to reduce the amount of interest distributed to holders of Certificates
in the month following the receipt of such partial prepayment by an amount equal
to one month's interest at the applicable Pass-Through Rate or Net Mortgage
Rate, as the case may be, on the prepaid amount. See "Description of the
Certificates -- Prepayment Interest Shortfalls." Neither full or partial
principal prepayments nor Liquidation Proceeds will be distributed until the
Distribution Date in the month following receipt. See "Maturity and Prepayment
Considerations."
With respect to certain ARM Loans, the Mortgage Rate at origination may be
below the rate that would result from the sum of the then-applicable Index and
Gross Margin. Under the applicable underwriting standards, the Mortgagor under
each Mortgage Loan or Contract generally will be qualified on the basis of the
Mortgage Rate in effect at origination and not the higher rate that would be
produced by the sum of the Index and Gross Margin. The repayment of any such
Mortgage Loan or Contract may thus be dependent on the ability of the Mortgagor
to make larger level monthly payments following the adjustment of the Mortgage
Rate. In addition, the periodic increase in the amount paid by the Mortgagor of
a Buy-Down Loan during or at the end of the applicable Buy-Down Period may
create a greater financial burden for the Mortgagor, who might not have
otherwise qualified for a mortgage under the applicable underwriting guidelines,
and may accordingly increase the risk of default with respect to the related
Mortgage Loan.
For any Junior Mortgage Loans, the inability of the Mortgagor to pay off
the balance thereof may affect the ability of the Mortgagor to obtain
refinancing of any related senior mortgage loan, thereby preventing a potential
improvement in the Mortgagor's circumstances. Furthermore, if so specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, under the applicable Pooling and Servicing
Agreement the Master Servicer may be restricted or prohibited from consenting to
any refinancing of any related senior mortgage loan, which in turn could
adversely affect the Mortgagor's circumstances or result in a prepayment or
default under the corresponding Junior Mortgage Loan.
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a Trust Fund may
contain Neg-Am ARM Loans with fluctuating Mortgage Rates that adjust more
frequently than the monthly payment with respect to such Mortgage Loans or
Contracts. During a period of rising interest rates as well as immediately after
origination, the amount of interest accruing on the principal balance of such
Mortgage Loans may exceed the amount of the minimum scheduled monthly payment
thereon. As a result, a portion of the accrued interest on Neg-Am ARM Loans may
become Deferred Interest which will be added to the principal balance thereof
and will bear interest at the applicable Mortgage Rate. The addition of any such
Deferred Interest to the principal balance of any related class of Certificates
will lengthen the weighted average life thereof and may adversely affect yield
to holders thereof. In addition, with respect to certain Neg-Am ARM Loans,
during a period of declining interest rates, it might be expected that each
minimum scheduled monthly payment on such a Mortgage Loan would exceed the
amount of scheduled principal and accrued interest on the principal balance
thereof, and since such excess will be applied to reduce the principal balance
of the related class or classes of Certificates, the weighted average life of
such Certificates will be reduced and may adversely affect yield to holders
thereof.
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If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a Trust Fund may
contain GPM Loans or Buy-Down Loans which have monthly payments that increase
during the first few years following origination. Mortgagors generally will be
qualified for such loans on the basis of the initial monthly payment. To the
extent that the related Mortgagor's income does not increase at the same rate as
the monthly payment, such a loan may be more likely to default than a mortgage
loan with level monthly payments.
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a Trust Fund may
contain Balloon Loans which require a single payment of a Balloon Amount. The
payment of Balloon Amounts may result in a lower yield on Certificates than
would be the case if all such Mortgage Collateral was fully-amortizing because
the maturity of a Balloon Loan occurs earlier than that for a fully-amortizing
Mortgage Loan due to the payment of a Balloon Amount. Balloon Loans also pose a
greater risk of default than fully-amortizing Mortgage Loans because Mortgagors
are required to pay the Balloon Amount upon maturity. A Mortgagor's ability to
pay a Balloon Amount may depend on its ability to refinance the related
Mortgaged Property.
If credit enhancement for a series of Certificates is provided by a Letter
of Credit, insurance policy or bond that is issued or guaranteed by an entity
that suffers financial difficulty, such credit enhancement may not provide the
level of support that was anticipated at the time an investor purchased its
Certificate. In the event of a default under the terms of such a Letter of
Credit, insurance policy or bond, any Realized Losses on the Mortgage Collateral
not covered by such credit enhancement will be applied to a series of
Certificates in the manner described in the related Prospectus Supplement and
may reduce an investor's anticipated yield to maturity.
If the Pooling and Servicing Agreement for a Series of Certificates
provides for a Funding Account or other means of funding the transfer of
additional Mortgage Loans to the related Trust, as described under "Description
of the Certificates; Funding Account" herein, and the Trust is unable to acquire
such additional Mortgage Loans within any applicable time limit, the amounts set
aside for such purpose may be applied as principal distributions on one or more
Classes of Certificates of such Series.
The related Prospectus Supplement may set forth other factors concerning
the Mortgage Collateral securing a series of Certificates or the structure of
such series that will affect the yield on such Certificates.
MATURITY AND PREPAYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
As indicated above under "The Trust Funds," the original terms to maturity
of the Mortgage Collateral in a given Trust Fund will vary depending upon the
type of Mortgage Collateral included in such Trust Fund. The Prospectus
Supplement for a series of Certificates will contain information with respect to
the types and maturities of the Mortgage Collateral in the related Trust Fund.
The prepayment experience, the timing and rate of repurchases and the timing and
amount of liquidations with respect to the related Mortgage Loans or Contracts
will affect the life and yield of the related series of Certificates.
Prepayments on mortgage loans and manufactured housing contracts are
commonly measured relative to a prepayment standard or model. The Prospectus
Supplement for each series of Certificates may describe one or more such
prepayment standards or models and may contain tables setting forth the
projected yields to maturity on each class of Certificates or the weighted
average life of each class of Certificates and the percentage of the original
principal amount of each class of Certificates of such series that would be
outstanding on specified payment dates for such series based on the assumptions
stated in such Prospectus Supplement, including assumptions that prepayments on
the Mortgage Collateral are made at rates corresponding to various percentages
of the prepayment standard or model specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
There is no assurance that prepayment of the Mortgage Collateral
underlying a series of Certificates will conform to any level of the prepayment
standard or model specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. A number of
factors, including homeowner mobility, economic conditions, changes in
mortgagors' housing needs, job transfers, unemployment, mortgagors' net equity
in the properties securing the mortgages, servicing decisions, enforceability of
due-on-sale clauses, mortgage market interest rates, mortgage recording taxes,
solicitations and
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the availability of mortgage funds, may affect prepayment experience. The rate
of prepayment with respect to conventional fixed-rate mortgage loans and
contracts has fluctuated significantly in recent years. In general, however, if
prevailing interest rates fall significantly below the Mortgage Rates on the
Mortgage Loans or Contracts underlying a series of Certificates, the prepayment
rate of such Mortgage Loans or Contracts is likely to be higher than if
prevailing rates remain at or above the rates borne by such Mortgage Loans or
Contracts. It should be noted that Certificates of a certain series may evidence
an interest in Mortgage Loans or Contracts with different Mortgage Rates.
Accordingly, the prepayment experience of these Certificates will to some extent
be a function of the range of interest rates of such Mortgage Loans or
Contracts. The Company is not aware of any historical prepayment experience with
respect to mortgage loans secured by properties located in Mexico or Puerto Rico
and, accordingly, prepayments on such loans may not occur at the same rate or be
affected by the same factors as more traditional mortgage loans.
An increase in the amount of the monthly payments owed on a Mexico Mortgage
Loan due to the imposition of withholding taxes may increase the risk of
prepayment on such loan if alternative financing is available on more favorable
terms.
Generally, junior mortgage loans are not viewed by Mortgagors as permanent
financing. Accordingly, Junior Mortgage Loans may experience a higher rate of
prepayment than typical first lien mortgage loans.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, all of
the Mortgage Loans or Contracts may be prepaid without penalty in full or in
part at any time. The terms of the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement
generally will require the Servicer or Master Servicer, as the case may be, to
enforce any due-on-sale clause to the extent it has knowledge of the conveyance
or the proposed conveyance of the underlying Mortgaged Property and to the
extent permitted by applicable law, except that any enforcement action that
would impair or threaten to impair any recovery under any related insurance
policy will not be required or permitted. See "Description of the Certificates
- -- Servicing and Administration of Mortgage Collateral -- Enforcement of
'Due-on-Sale' Clauses" and "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans and
Contracts -- The Mortgage Loans --Enforceability of Certain Provisions" and
"--The Contracts" for a description of certain provisions of each Pooling and
Servicing Agreement and certain legal aspects that may affect the prepayment
rate of Mortgage Loans or Contracts.
Certain types of Mortgage Collateral included in a Trust Fund may have
characteristics that make it more likely to default than collateral provided for
mortgage pass-through certificates from other mortgage purchase programs. The
Company anticipates including "limited documentation" and "no documentation"
Mortgage Loans and Contracts, Mexico Mortgage Loans, Puerto Rico Mortgage Loans
and Mortgage Loans and Contracts that were made to International Borrowers or
that originated in accordance with lower underwriting standards and which may
have been made to Mortgagors with imperfect credit histories and prior
bankruptcies. Likewise, a Trust Fund may include Mortgage Loans or Contracts
that are one month or more delinquent at the time of offering of the related
series of Certificates. Such Mortgage Collateral may be susceptible to a greater
risk of default and liquidation than might otherwise be expected by investors in
the related Certificates.
A Sub-Servicer may allow the refinancing of a Mortgage Loan in any Trust
Fund by accepting prepayments thereon and permitting a new loan secured by a
mortgage on the same property. In the event of such a refinancing, the new loan
would not be included in the related Trust Fund and, therefore, such refinancing
would have the same effect as a prepayment in full of the related Mortgage Loan.
A Sub-Servicer or the Master Servicer will, from time to time, implement
programs designed to encourage refinancing. Such programs may include, without
limitation, modifications of existing loans, targeted solicitations, the
offering of pre-approved applications, reduced origination fees or closing
costs, or other financial incentives. Targeted solicitations may be based on a
variety of factors, including the credit of the borrower or the location of the
Mortgage Property. In addition, Sub-Servicers or the Master Servicer may
encourage the refinancing of Mortgage Loans, including defaulted Mortgage Loans,
that would permit creditworthy borrowers to assume the outstanding indebtedness
of such Mortgage Loans.
There are no uniform statistics compiled for prepayments of contracts
relating to Manufactured Homes. Prepayments on manufactured housing contracts
may be influenced by a variety of economic, geographic, social
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and other facts, including repossessions, aging, seasonality and interest rate
fluctuations. Other factors affecting prepayment of manufactured housing
contracts include changes in housing needs, job transfers, unemployment and
servicing decisions. An investment in Certificates evidencing interests in
Contracts may be affected by, among other things, a downturn in regional or
local economic conditions. These regional or local economic conditions are often
volatile, and historically have affected the delinquency, loan loss and
repossession experience of manufactured housing contracts. To the extent that
losses on the Contracts are not covered by any credit enhancement, holders of
the Certificates of a series evidencing interests in such Contracts will bear
all risk of loss resulting from default by Mortgagors and will have to look
primarily to the value of the Manufactured Homes, which generally depreciate in
value, for recovery of the outstanding principal and unpaid interest of the
defaulted Contracts. See "The Trust Funds -- The Contracts."
While most manufactured housing contracts will contain "due-on-sale"
provisions permitting the holder of the contract to accelerate the maturity of
the contract upon conveyance by the Mortgagor, the Master Servicer, Servicer or
Sub-Servicer, as applicable, may permit proposed assumptions of contracts where
the proposed buyer of the Manufactured Home meets the underwriting standards
described above. Such assumption would have the effect of extending the average
life of the contract. FHA Loans, FHA Contracts, VA Loans and VA Contracts are
not permitted to contain "due-on-sale" clauses, and are freely assumable.
Although the Mortgage Rates on ARM Loans will be subject to periodic
adjustments, such adjustments generally will (i) not increase or decrease such
Mortgage Rates by more than a fixed percentage amount on each adjustment date,
(ii) not increase such Mortgage Rates over a fixed percentage amount during the
life of any ARM Loan and (iii) be based on an index (which may not rise and fall
consistently with mortgage interest rates) plus the related Gross Margin (which
may be different from margins being used at the time for newly originated
adjustable rate mortgage loans). As a result, the Mortgage Rates on the ARM
Loans in a Trust Fund at any time may not equal the prevailing rates for
similar, newly originated adjustable rate mortgage loans. In certain rate
environments, the prevailing rates on fixed-rate mortgage loans may be
sufficiently low in relation to the then-current Mortgage Rates on ARM Loans
that the rate of prepayment may increase as a result of refinancings. There can
be no certainty as to the rate of prepayments on the Mortgage Collateral during
any period or over the life of any series of Certificates.
With respect to Balloon Loans, payment of the Balloon Amount (which, based
on the amortization schedule of such Mortgage Loans, is expected to be a
substantial amount) will generally depend on the Mortgagor's ability to obtain
refinancing of such a Mortgage Loan or to sell the Mortgaged Property prior to
the maturity of the Balloon Loan. The ability to obtain refinancing will depend
on a number of factors prevailing at the time refinancing or sale is required,
including, without limitation, real estate values, the Mortgagor's financial
situation, prevailing mortgage loan interest rates, the Mortgagor's equity in
the related Mortgaged Property, tax laws and prevailing general economic
conditions. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
none of the Company, the Master Servicer, a Servicer, a Sub-Servicer, a Mortgage
Collateral Seller nor any of their affiliates will be obligated to refinance or
repurchase any Mortgage Loan or to sell the Mortgaged Property.
An ARM Loan is assumable under certain conditions if the proposed
transferee of the related Mortgaged Property establishes its ability to repay
the Mortgage Loan and, in the reasonable judgment of the Master Servicer or the
related Sub-Servicer, the security for the ARM Loan would not be impaired by the
assumption. The extent to which ARM Loans are assumed by purchasers of the
Mortgaged Properties rather than prepaid by the related Mortgagors in connection
with the sales of the Mortgaged Properties will affect the weighted average life
of the related series of Certificates. See "Description of the Certificates" and
"Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans and Contracts."
No assurance can be given that the value of the Mortgaged Property
securing a Mortgage Loan or Contract has remained or will remain at the level
existing on the date of origination. If the residential real estate market
should experience an overall decline in property values such that the
outstanding balances of the Mortgage Loans or Contracts and any secondary
financing on the Mortgaged Properties in a particular Mortgage Pool or Contract
Pool become equal to or greater than the value of the Mortgaged Properties, the
actual rates of delinquencies, foreclosures and losses could be higher than
those now generally experienced in the mortgage lending industry. The
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value of any Mexican Property could also be adversely affected by, among other
things, adverse political and economic developments in Mexico. In addition, the
value of property securing Cooperative Loans and the delinquency rates with
respect to Cooperative Loans could be adversely affected if the current
favorable tax treatment of cooperative tenant stockholders were to become less
favorable. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans and Contracts."
To the extent that losses resulting from delinquencies, losses and
foreclosures or repossession of Mortgaged Property with respect to Mortgage
Loans or Contracts included in a Trust Fund for a series of Certificates are not
covered by the methods of credit enhancement described herein under "Description
of Credit Enhancement" or in the related Prospectus Supplement, such losses will
be borne by holders of the Certificates of such series. Even where credit
enhancement covers all Realized Losses resulting from delinquency and
foreclosure or repossession, the effect of foreclosures and repossessions may be
to increase prepayment experience on the Mortgage Collateral, thus reducing
average weighted life and affecting yield to maturity. See "Yield
Considerations."
Under certain circumstances, the Master Servicer, a Servicer, the Company
or, if specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the holders of the REMIC
Residual Certificates may have the option to purchase the Mortgage Loans in a
Trust Fund. See "The Pooling and Servicing Agreement -- Termination; Retirement
of Certificates." Any such repurchase will shorten the weighted average lives of
the related Certificates.
CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF MORTGAGE LOANS AND CONTRACTS
The following discussion contains summaries of certain legal aspects of
mortgage loans and manufactured housing contracts that are general in nature.
Because such legal aspects are governed in part by state law (which laws may
differ substantially from state to state), the summaries do not purport to be
complete, to reflect the laws of any particular state or to encompass the laws
of all states in which the Mortgaged Properties may be situated. The summaries
are qualified in their entirety by reference to the applicable federal and state
laws governing the Mortgage Loans or Contracts.
The Mortgage Loans
General
The Mortgage Loans (other than Cooperative Loans and Mexico Mortgage
Loans) will be secured by deeds of trust, mortgages or deeds to secure debt,
depending upon the prevailing practice in the state in which the related
Mortgaged Property is located. In some states, a mortgage, deed of trust or deed
to secure debt creates a lien upon the real property encumbered by the mortgage.
In other states, the mortgage, deed of trust or deed to secure debt conveys
legal title to the property to the mortgagee subject to a condition subsequent
(i.e., the payment of the indebtedness secured thereby). It is not prior to the
lien for real estate taxes and assessments and other charges imposed under
governmental police powers. Priority with respect to such instruments depends on
their terms and in some cases on the terms of separate subordination or
inter-creditor agreements, and generally on the order of recordation of the
mortgage in the appropriate recording office. There are two parties to a
mortgage, the mortgagor, who is the borrower and homeowner, and the mortgagee,
who is the lender. Under the mortgage instrument, the mortgagor delivers to the
mortgagee a note or bond and the mortgage. In the case of a land trust, there
are three parties because title to the property is held by a land trustee under
a land trust agreement of which the borrower is the beneficiary; at origination
of a mortgage loan, the borrower executes a separate undertaking to make
payments on the mortgage note. Although a deed of trust is similar to a
mortgage, a deed of trust has three parties: the trustor, who is the
borrower/homeowner; the beneficiary, who is the lender; and a third-party
grantee called the trustee. Under a deed of trust, the borrower grants the
property, irrevocably until the debt is paid, in trust, generally with a power
of sale, to the trustee to secure payment of the obligation. A deed to secure
debt typically has two parties, pursuant to which the borrower, or grantor,
conveys title to the real property to the grantee, or lender, generally with a
power of sale, until such time as the debt is repaid. The trustee's authority
under a deed of trust and the mortgagee's authority under a mortgage or a deed
to secure debt are governed by the law of the state in
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which the real property is located, the express provisions of the deed of trust,
mortgage or deed to secure debt and, in certain deed of trust transactions, the
directions of the beneficiary.
Cooperative Loans
If specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a series of
Certificates, the Mortgage Loans may include Cooperative Loans. Each debt
instrument (a "Cooperative Note") evidencing a Cooperative Loan will be secured
by a security interest in shares issued by a related cooperative housing
corporation, which is a private corporation entitled to be treated as a housing
cooperative under federal tax law, and in the related proprietary lease or
occupancy agreement granting exclusive rights to occupy a specific dwelling unit
in the cooperative's building. The security agreement will create a lien upon,
or grant a security interest in, the cooperative shares and proprietary leases
or occupancy agreements, the priority of which will depend on the terms of the
particular security agreement as well as the order of recordation of the
agreement (or the filing of the financing statements related thereto) in the
appropriate recording office or the taking of possession of the cooperative
shares, depending on the law of the state in which the cooperative is located.
Such a lien or security interest is not, in general, prior to liens in favor of
the cooperative corporation for unpaid assessments or common charges.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, all
cooperative apartments relating to the Cooperative Loans are located in the
State of New York. Each cooperative owns in fee or has a leasehold interest in
all the real property and owns in fee or leases the building and all separate
dwelling units therein. The cooperative is directly responsible for property
management and, in most cases, payment of real estate taxes, other governmental
impositions and hazard and liability insurance. If there is a blanket mortgage
(or mortgages) on the cooperative apartment building or underlying land, as is
generally the case, or an underlying lease of the land, as is the case in some
instances, the cooperative housing corporation, as property mortgagor or lessee,
as the case may be, is also responsible for fulfilling such mortgage or rental
obligations. A blanket mortgage is ordinarily incurred by the cooperative in
connection with either the construction or purchase of the cooperative's
apartment building or the obtaining of capital by the cooperative. The interest
of the occupant under proprietary leases or occupancy agreements as to which
that cooperative is the landlord is generally subordinate to the interest of the
holder of a blanket mortgage and to the interest of the holder of a land lease.
If the cooperative is unable to meet the payment obligations (i) arising under a
blanket mortgage, the mortgagee holding a blanket mortgage could foreclose on
that mortgage and terminate all subordinate proprietary leases and occupancy
agreements or (ii) arising under its land lease, the holder of the landlord's
interest under the land lease could terminate it and all subordinate proprietary
leases and occupancy agreements. In addition, a blanket mortgage on a
cooperative may provide financing in the form of a mortgage that does not fully
amortize, with a significant portion of principal being due in one final payment
at maturity. The inability of the cooperative to refinance a mortgage and its
consequent inability to make such final payment could lead to foreclosure by the
mortgagee. Similarly, a land lease has an expiration date and the inability of
the cooperative to extend its term or, in the alternative, to purchase the land,
could lead to termination of the cooperative's interest in the property and
termination of all proprietary leases and occupancy agreements. In either event,
a foreclosure by the holder of a blanket mortgage or the termination of the
underlying lease could eliminate or significantly diminish the value of any
collateral held by the lender who financed the purchase by an individual
tenant-stockholder of cooperative shares or, in the case of the Mortgage Loans,
the collateral securing the Cooperative Loans.
Each cooperative is owned by tenant-stockholders who, through ownership of
stock or shares in the corporation, receive proprietary leases or occupancy
agreements which confer exclusive rights to occupy specific units. Generally, a
tenant-stockholder of a cooperative must make a monthly payment to the
cooperative representing such tenant-stockholder's pro rata share of the
cooperative's payments for its blanket mortgage, real property taxes,
maintenance expenses and other capital or ordinary expenses. An ownership
interest in a cooperative (which is accompanied by occupancy rights to the
related dwelling unit) may be financed through a Cooperative Loan evidenced by a
Cooperative Note and secured by an assignment of and a security interest in the
occupancy agreement or proprietary lease and a security interest in the related
cooperative shares. The lender generally takes possession of the share
certificate and a counterpart of the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement
and a financing statement covering the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement
and the cooperative shares is filed in the appropriate state and local offices
to perfect the lender's interest in its collateral. Subject to the limitations
discussed
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below, upon default of the tenant-stockholder, the lender may sue for judgment
on the Cooperative Note, dispose of the collateral at a public or private sale
or otherwise proceed against the collateral or tenant-stockholder as an
individual as provided in the security agreement covering the assignment of the
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement and the pledge of cooperative shares.
See "--Foreclosure on Shares of Cooperatives" below.
Mexico Mortgage Loans
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Mortgage Loans may
include Mexico Mortgage Loans. See "The Trust Funds -- The Mortgage Loans" for a
description of the security for the Mexico Mortgage Loans.
Foreclosure on Mortgage Loans
Although a deed of trust or a deed to secure debt may also be foreclosed
by judicial action, foreclosure of a deed of trust or a deed to secure debt is
generally accomplished by a non-judicial trustee's sale under a specific
provision in the deed of trust which authorizes the trustee or lender, as
applicable, to sell the property upon any default by the borrower under the
terms of the note or deed of trust or a deed to secure debt. In addition to any
notice requirements contained in a deed of trust, in some states, the trustee
must record a notice of default and send a copy to the borrower/trustor and to
any person who has recorded a request for a copy of notice of default and notice
of sale. In addition, in some states, the trustee or lender, as applicable, must
provide notice to any other individual having an interest of record in the real
property, including any junior lienholders. If the deed of trust is not
reinstated within a specified period, a notice of sale must be posted in a
public place and, in most states, published for a specific period of time in one
or more newspapers. In addition, some states' laws require that a copy of the
notice of sale be posted on the property and sent to all parties having an
interest of record in the real property.
Foreclosure of a mortgage generally is accomplished by judicial action.
Generally, the action is initiated by the service of legal pleadings upon all
parties having an interest of record in the real property. Delays in completion
of the foreclosure may occasionally result from difficulties in locating
necessary parties, including borrowers, such as certain International Borrowers,
located outside the jurisdiction in which the mortgaged property is located.
Difficulties in foreclosing on mortgaged properties owned by International
Borrowers may result in increased foreclosure costs, which may reduce the amount
of proceeds from the liquidation of the related mortgage loan available to be
distributed to the Certificateholders of the related series. If the mortgagee's
right to foreclose is contested, the legal proceedings necessary to resolve the
issue can be time-consuming.
In some states, the borrower-trustor has the right to reinstate the loan
at any time following default until shortly before the trustee's sale. In
general, in such states, the borrower, or any other person having a junior
encumbrance on the real estate, may, during a reinstatement period, cure the
default by paying the entire amount in arrears plus the costs and expenses
incurred in enforcing the obligation.
In the case of foreclosure under a mortgage, a deed of trust or deed to
secure debt, the sale by the referee or other designated officer or by the
trustee is a public sale. However, because of the difficulty a potential buyer
at the sale would have in determining the exact status of title and because the
physical condition of the property may have deteriorated during the foreclosure
proceedings, it is uncommon for a third party to purchase the property at a
foreclosure sale. Rather, it is common for the lender to purchase the property
from the trustee or referee for a credit bid less than or equal to the unpaid
principal amount of the mortgage, deed of trust or deed to secure debt, accrued
and unpaid interest and the expense of foreclosure. Generally, state law
controls the amount of foreclosure costs and expenses, including attorneys'
fees, which may be recovered by a lender. Thereafter, subject to the right of
the borrower in some states to remain in possession during the redemption
period, the lender will assume the burdens of ownership, including obtaining
hazard insurance and making such repairs at its own expense as are necessary to
render the property suitable for sale. Generally, the lender will obtain the
services of a real estate broker and pay the broker's commission in connection
with the sale of the property. Depending upon market conditions, the ultimate
proceeds of the sale of the property may not equal the lender's investment in
the property and, in some states, the lender may be entitled to a deficiency
judgment. In some cases, a deficiency judgment may
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be pursued in lieu of foreclosure. Any loss may be reduced by the receipt of any
mortgage insurance proceeds or other forms of credit enhancement for a series of
Certificates. See "Description of Credit Enhancement."
A junior mortgagee may not foreclose on the property securing a Junior
Mortgage Loan unless it forecloses subject to the senior mortgages, in which
case it must either pay the entire amount due on the senior mortgages to the
senior mortgagees prior to or at the time of the foreclosure sale or undertake
the obligation to make payments on the senior mortgages in the event the
mortgagor is in default thereunder, in either event adding the amounts expended
to the balance due on the junior loan, and may be subrogated to the rights of
the senior mortgagees. In addition, in the event that the foreclosure by a
junior mortgagee triggers the enforcement of a "due-on-sale" clause in a senior
mortgage, the junior mortgagee may be required to pay the full amount of the
senior mortgages to the senior mortgagees (to avoid a default with respect
thereto). Accordingly, with respect to such Junior Mortgage Loans, if the junior
lender purchases the property, the lender's title will be subject to all senior
liens and claims and certain governmental liens. The proceeds received by the
referee or trustee from the sale are applied first to the costs, fees and
expenses of sale and then in satisfaction of the indebtedness secured by the
mortgage or deed of trust under which the sale was conducted. Any remaining
proceeds are generally payable to the holders of junior mortgages or deeds of
trust and other liens and claims in order of their priority, whether or not the
borrower is in default. Any additional proceeds are generally payable to the
mortgagor or trustor. The payment of the proceeds to the holders of junior
mortgages may occur in the foreclosure action of the senior mortgagee or may
require the institution of separate legal proceedings. See "Risk Factors --
Risks Associated with the Mortgage Collateral" and "Description of the
Certificates -- Realization Upon Defaulted Property" herein.
Foreclosure on Mexico Mortgage Loans
Foreclosure on the Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest generally is expected
to be accomplished (i) by public sale in accordance with the provisions of
Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code (the "UCC") and the security agreement
relating to that Beneficial Interest or (ii) by public auction held by the
Mexican Trustee pursuant to the Mexican Trust Agreement. Article 9 of the UCC
requires that a sale be conducted in a "commercially reasonable" manner. Whether
a sale has been conducted in a "commercially reasonable" manner will depend on
the facts in each case. In determining commercial reasonableness, a court will
look to the notice given the debtor and the method, manner, time, place and
terms of the sale and the sale price. Generally, a sale conducted according to
the usual practice of banks selling similar collateral in the same area will be
considered reasonably conducted. Pursuant to the Trust Agreement, the lender may
direct the Mexican Trustee to transfer the Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest to
the purchaser upon completion of the public sale and notice from the lender.
Such purchaser will be entitled to rely on the terms of the Mexico Trust
Agreement to direct the Mexican Trustee to transfer the Mortgagor's Beneficial
Interest into the name of the purchaser or its nominee, or the trust may be
terminated and a new trust may be established.
Article 9 of the UCC provides that the proceeds of the sale will be
applied first to pay the costs and expenses of the sale and then to satisfy the
indebtedness secured by the lender's security interest. If there are proceeds
remaining, the lender must account to the borrower for the surplus. Conversely,
if a portion of the indebtedness remains unpaid, the borrower is generally
responsible for the deficiency. However, certain states limit the rights of
lenders to obtain deficiency judgments. See "--Anti-Deficiency Legislation and
Other Limitations on Lenders" below. The costs of sale may be substantially
higher than the costs associated with foreclosure sales with respect to property
located in the United States, and may include transfer taxes, notary public
fees, trustee fees, capital gains and other taxes on the proceeds of sale, and
the cost of amending or terminating the Mexico Trust Agreement and preparing a
new trust agreement. Additional costs associated with realizing on the
collateral may include eviction proceedings, the costs of defending actions
brought by the defaulting borrower and enforcement actions. Any such additional
foreclosure costs may make the cost of foreclosing on the collateral
uneconomical, which may increase the risk of loss on the Mexico Mortgage Loans
substantially.
Where the Mortgagor does not maintain its principal residence in the
United States, or, if a Mortgagor residing in the United States moves its
principal residence from the state in which the UCC financing statements have
been filed and the lender, because it has no knowledge of the relocation of the
Mortgagor or otherwise, fails to refile in the state to which the Mortgagor has
moved within four months after relocation or if the Mortgagor no
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longer resides in the United States, the lender's security interest in the
Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest may be unperfected. In such circumstances, if
the Mortgagor defaults on the Mexico Mortgage Loan, the Mexico Loan Agreement
will nonetheless permit the lender to terminate the Mortgagor's rights to occupy
the Mexican Property, and the Mexico Trust Agreement will permit the lender to
instruct the Mexican Trustee to transfer the Mexican Property to a subsequent
purchaser or to recognize the subsequent purchaser as the beneficiary of the
Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest. However, because the lender's security interest
in the Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest will be unperfected, no assurance can be
given that the lender will be successful in realizing on its interest in the
collateral under such circumstances. The lender's security interest in the
Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest is not, for purposes of foreclosing on such
collateral, an interest in real property. The Company either will rely on its
remedies that are available in the United States under the applicable UCC and
under the Trust Agreement and foreclose on the collateral securing a Mexico
Mortgage Loan under the UCC, or follow the procedures described below.
In the case of certain Mexico Mortgage Loans, the Mexican Trust Agreement
may permit the Mexican Trustee, upon notice from the lender of a default by the
Borrower, to notify the Mortgagor that the Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest or
the Mexican Property will be sold at an auction in accordance with the Mexico
Trust Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Mexico Trust Agreement, the
Mortgagor may avoid foreclosure by paying in full prior to sale the outstanding
principal balance of, together with all accrued and unpaid interest and other
amounts owed on, the Mexico Mortgage Loan. At the auction, the Mexican Trustee
may (i) sell the Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest to a third party, (ii) sell the
Mexican Property to another trust established to hold title to such property, or
(iii) sell the Mexican Property directly to a Mexican citizen.
The Company is not aware of any other mortgage loan programs involving
mortgage loans that are secured in a manner similar to the Mexico Mortgage
Loans. As a result, there may be uncertainty and delays in the process of
attempting to realize on the Mortgage Collateral and gaining possession of the
Mortgaged Property, and the process of marketing the Mortgagor's Beneficial
Interest in the trust to persons interested in purchasing a Mexican Property may
be difficult.
Mortgaged Properties Located in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Under the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico the foreclosure of a
real estate mortgage usually follows an ordinary "civil action" filed in the
Superior Court for the District where the mortgaged property is located. If the
defendant does not contest the action filed, a default judgment is rendered for
the plaintiff and the mortgaged property is sold at public auction, after
publication of the sale for two weeks, by posting written notice in three public
places in the municipality where the auction will be held, in the tax collection
office and in the public school of the municipality where the mortgagor resides,
if known. If the residence of the mortgagor is not known, publication in one of
the newspapers of general circulation in the Commonwealth must be made at least
once a week for two weeks. There may be as many as three public sales of the
mortgaged property. If the defendant contests the foreclosure, the case may be
tried and judgment rendered based on the merits of the case.
There are no redemption rights after the public sale of a foreclosed
property under the laws of the Commonwealth. Commonwealth law provides for a
summary proceeding for the foreclosure of a mortgage, but it is very seldom used
because of concerns regarding the validity of such actions. The process may be
expedited if the mortgagee can obtain the consent of the defendant to the
execution of a deed in lieu of foreclosure.
Under Commonwealth law, in the case of the public sale upon foreclosure of
a mortgaged property that (a) is subject to a mortgage loan that was obtained
for a purpose other than the financing or refinancing of the acquisition,
construction or improvement of such property and (b) is occupied by the
mortgagor as his principal residence, the mortgagor of such property has a right
to be paid the first $1,500 from the proceeds obtained on the public sale of
such property. The mortgagor can claim this sum of money from the mortgagee at
any time prior to the public sale or up to one year after such sale. Such
payment would reduce the amount of sales proceeds available to satisfy the
Mortgage Loan and may increase the amount of the loss.
Foreclosure on Shares of Cooperatives
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The cooperative shares owned by the tenant-stockholder, together with the
rights of the tenant-stockholder under the proprietary lease or occupancy
agreement, are pledged to the lender and are, in almost all cases, subject to
restrictions on transfer as set forth in the cooperative's certificate of
incorporation and by-laws, as well as in the proprietary lease or occupancy
agreement. The proprietary lease or occupancy agreement, even while pledged, may
be cancelled by the cooperative for failure by the tenant stockholder to pay
rent or other obligations or charges owed by such tenant-stockholder, including
mechanics' liens against the cooperative apartment building incurred by such
tenant-stockholder. Generally, rent and other obligations and charges arising
under a proprietary lease or occupancy agreement which are owed to the
cooperative are made liens upon the shares to which the proprietary lease or
occupancy agreement relates. In addition, the proprietary lease or occupancy
agreement generally permits the cooperative to terminate such lease or agreement
in the event the borrower defaults in the performance of covenants thereunder.
Typically, the lender and the cooperative enter into a recognition agreement
which, together with any lender protection provisions contained in the
proprietary lease, establishes the rights and obligations of both parties in the
event of a default by the tenant-stockholder on its obligations under the
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. A default by the tenant-stockholder
under the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement will usually constitute a
default under the security agreement between the lender and the
tenant-stockholder.
The recognition agreement generally provides that, in the event that the
tenant-stockholder has defaulted under the proprietary lease or occupancy
agreement, the cooperative will take no action to terminate such lease or
agreement until the lender has been provided with notice of and an opportunity
to cure the default. The recognition agreement typically provides that if the
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement is terminated, the cooperative will
recognize the lender's lien against proceeds from a sale of the cooperative
apartment, subject, however, to the cooperative's right to sums due under such
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement or which have become liens on the
shares relating to the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. The total
amount owed to the cooperative by the tenant-stockholder, which the lender
generally cannot restrict and does not monitor, could reduce the amount realized
upon a sale of the collateral below the outstanding principal balance of the
Cooperative Loan and accrued and unpaid interest thereon.
Recognition agreements also generally provide that in the event the lender
succeeds to the tenant-shareholder's shares and proprietary lease or occupancy
agreement as the result of realizing upon its collateral for a Cooperative Loan,
the lender must obtain the approval or consent of the cooperative as required by
the proprietary lease before transferring the cooperative shares and assigning
the proprietary lease. Such approval or consent is usually based on the
prospective purchaser's income and net worth, among other factors, and may
significantly reduce the number of potential purchasers, which could limit the
ability of the lender to sell and realize upon the value of the collateral.
Generally, the lender is not limited in any rights it may have to dispossess the
tenant-stockholder.
The terms of the Cooperative Loans do not require either the
tenant-stockholder or the cooperative to obtain title insurance of any type.
Consequently, the existence of any prior liens or other imperfections of title
to the building also may adversely affect the marketability of the cooperative
dwelling unit in the event of foreclosure.
A foreclosure on the cooperative shares is accomplished by public sale in
accordance with the provisions of Article 9 of the UCC and the security
agreement relating to those shares. Article 9 of the UCC requires that a sale be
conducted in a "commercially reasonable" manner. Whether a sale has been
conducted in a "commercially reasonable" manner will depend on the facts in each
case. In determining commercial reasonableness, a court will look to the notice
given the debtor and the method, manner, time, place and terms of the sale and
the sale price. Generally, a sale conducted according to the usual practice of
creditors selling similar collateral in the same area will be considered
reasonably conducted.
Where the lienholder is the junior lienholder, any foreclosure may be
delayed until the junior lienholder obtains actual possession of such
cooperative shares . Additionally, if the lender does not have a first priority
perfected security interest in such cooperative shares, any foreclosure sale
would be subject to the rights and interests of any creditor holding senior
interests therein. Also, a junior lienholder may not be able to obtain a
recognition agreement from a cooperative since many cooperatives do not permit
subordinate financing. Without
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a recognition agreement, the junior lienholder will not be afforded the usual
lender protections (i.e., notice of default and opportunity to cure) from the
cooperative which are generally provided for in recognition agreements.
Article 9 of the UCC provides that the proceeds of the sale will be
applied first to pay the costs and expenses of the sale and then to satisfy the
indebtedness secured by the lender's security interest. The recognition
agreement, however, generally provides that the lender's right to reimbursement
is subject to the right of the cooperative corporation to receive sums due under
the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. If there are proceeds remaining,
the lender must account to the tenant-stockholder for the surplus. Conversely,
if a portion of the indebtedness remains unpaid, the tenant-stockholder is
generally responsible for the deficiency. See "--Anti-Deficiency Legislation and
Other Limitations on Lenders" below.
Rights of Redemption
In some states, after sale pursuant to a deed of trust, a deed to secure
debt or foreclosure of a mortgage, the borrower and foreclosed junior lienors or
other parties are given a statutory period (generally ranging from six months to
two years) in which to redeem the property from the foreclosure sale. In some
states, redemption may occur only upon payment of the entire principal balance
of the loan, accrued interest and expenses of foreclosure. In other states,
redemption may be authorized if the former borrower pays only a portion of the
sums due. The effect of a statutory right of redemption is to diminish the
ability of the lender to sell the foreclosed property. The rights of redemption
would defeat the title of any purchaser subsequent to foreclosure or sale under
a deed of trust or a deed to secure debt. Consequently, the practical effect of
the redemption right is to force the lender to maintain the property and pay the
expenses of ownership until the redemption period has expired.
Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations on Lenders
Certain states have imposed statutory prohibitions which limit the
remedies of a beneficiary under a deed of trust or a mortgagee under a mortgage
or a deed to secure debt. In some states (including California), statutes limit
the right of the beneficiary or mortgagee to obtain a deficiency judgment
against the borrower following foreclosure. A deficiency judgment is a personal
judgment against the former borrower equal in most cases to the difference
between the net amount realized upon the public sale of the real property and
the amount due to the lender. In the case of a Mortgage Loan secured by a
property owned by a trust where the Mortgage Note is executed on behalf of the
trust, a deficiency judgment against the trust following foreclosure or sale
under a deed of trust, even if obtainable under applicable law, may be of little
value to the mortgagee or beneficiary if there are no trust assets against which
such deficiency judgment may be executed. Other statutes require the beneficiary
or mortgagee to exhaust the security afforded under a deed of trust, deed to
secure debt or mortgage by foreclosure in an attempt to satisfy the full debt
before bringing a personal action against the borrower. In certain other states,
the lender has the option of bringing a personal action against the borrower on
the debt without first exhausting such security; however, in some of these
states, the lender, following judgment on such personal action, may be deemed to
have elected a remedy and may be precluded from exercising remedies with respect
to the security. Consequently, the practical effect of the election requirement,
in those states permitting such election, is that lenders will usually proceed
against the security first rather than bringing a personal action against the
borrower. Finally, in certain other states, statutory provisions limit any
deficiency judgment against the former borrower following a foreclosure to the
excess of the outstanding debt over the fair value of the property at the time
of the public sale. The purpose of these statutes is generally to prevent a
beneficiary or mortgagee from obtaining a large deficiency judgment against the
former borrower as a result of low or no bids at the judicial sale.
In the case of cooperative loans, lenders generally realize on cooperative
shares and the accompanying proprietary lease or occupancy agreement given to
secure a cooperative loan under Article 9 of the UCC. Some courts have
interpreted Article 9 to prohibit or limit a deficiency award in certain
circumstances, including circumstances where the disposition of the collateral
was not conducted in a commercially reasonable manner.
In addition to laws limiting or prohibiting deficiency judgments, numerous
other federal and state statutory provisions, including the federal bankruptcy
laws and state laws affording relief to debtors, may interfere with or affect
the ability of the secured mortgage lender to realize upon collateral or enforce
a deficiency judgment. For
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example, with respect to federal bankruptcy law, a court having federal
bankruptcy jurisdiction may permit a debtor through its Chapter 11 or Chapter 13
rehabilitative plan to cure a monetary default in respect of a mortgage loan on
such debtor's residence by paying arrearages within a reasonable time period and
reinstating the original mortgage loan payment schedule, even though the lender
accelerated the mortgage loan and final judgment of foreclosure had been entered
in state court (provided no sale of the residence had yet occurred) prior to the
filing of the debtor's petition. Some courts with federal bankruptcy
jurisdiction have approved plans, based on the particular facts of the
reorganization case, that effected the curing of a mortgage loan default by
paying arrearages over a number of years.
Courts with federal bankruptcy jurisdiction have also indicated that the
terms of a mortgage loan secured by property of the debtor may be modified.
These courts have allowed modifications that include reducing the amount of each
monthly payment, changing the rate of interest, altering the repayment schedule,
forgiving all or a portion of the debt and reducing the lender's security
interest to the value of the residence, thus leaving the lender a general
unsecured creditor for the difference between the value of the residence and the
outstanding balance of the loan. Generally, however, the terms of a mortgage
loan secured only by a mortgage on real property that is the debtor's principal
residence may not be modified pursuant to a plan confirmed pursuant to Chapter
13 except with respect to mortgage payment arrearages, which may be cured within
a reasonable time period.
Certain tax liens arising under the Code may, in certain circumstances,
have priority over the lien of a mortgage, deed to secure debt or deed of trust.
In addition, substantive requirements are imposed upon mortgage lenders in
connection with the origination and the servicing of mortgage loans by numerous
federal and some state consumer protection laws. These laws include the federal
Truth-in-Lending Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, Equal Credit
Opportunity Act, Fair Credit Billing Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act and related
statutes. These federal laws impose specific statutory liabilities upon lenders
who originate mortgage loans and who fail to comply with the provisions of the
law. In some cases, this liability may affect assignees of the mortgage loans.
Certain of the Mortgage Loans may be subject to special rules, disclosure
requirements and other provisions that were added to the federal
Truth-in-Lending Act by the Homeownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994
(such Mortgage Loans, "High Cost Loans"), if such Mortgage Loans were originated
on or after October 1, 1995, are not mortgage loans made to finance the purchase
of the mortgaged property and have interest rates or origination costs in excess
of certain prescribed levels. Purchasers or assignees of any High Cost Loan,
including any Trust Fund, could be liable for all claims and subject to all
defenses arising under such provisions that the borrower could assert against
the originator thereof. Remedies available to the borrower include monetary
penalties, as well as recision rights if the appropriate disclosures were not
given as required.
Enforceability of Certain Provisions
Unless the Prospectus Supplement indicates otherwise, the Mortgage Loans
generally contain due-on-sale clauses. These clauses permit the lender to
accelerate the maturity of the loan if the borrower sells, transfers or conveys
the property. The enforceability of these clauses has been the subject of
legislation or litigation in many states, and in some cases the enforceability
of these clauses has been limited or denied. However, the Garn-St Germain
Depository Institutions Act of 1982 (the "Garn-St Germain Act") preempts state
constitutional, statutory and case law that prohibit the enforcement of
due-on-sale clauses and permits lenders to enforce these clauses in accordance
with their terms, subject to certain limited exceptions. The Garn-St Germain Act
does "encourage" lenders to permit assumption of loans at the original rate of
interest or at some other rate less than the average of the original rate and
the market rate.
The Garn-St Germain Act also sets forth nine specific instances in which a
mortgage lender covered by the Garn-St Germain Act may not exercise a
due-on-sale clause, notwithstanding the fact that a transfer of the property may
have occurred. These include intra-family transfers, certain transfers by
operation of law, leases of fewer than three years and the creation of a junior
encumbrance. Regulations promulgated under the Garn-St Germain Act also prohibit
the imposition of a prepayment penalty upon the acceleration of a loan pursuant
to a due-on-sale clause.
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The inability to enforce a due-on-sale clause may result in a mortgage
loan bearing an interest rate below the current market rate being assumed by a
new home buyer rather than being paid off, which may have an impact upon the
average life of the Mortgage Loans and the number of Mortgage Loans which may be
outstanding until maturity.
Upon foreclosure, courts have imposed general equitable principles. These
equitable principles are generally designed to relieve the borrower from the
legal effect of its defaults under the loan documents. Examples of judicial
remedies that have been fashioned include judicial requirements that the lender
undertake affirmative and expensive actions to determine the causes for the
borrower's default and the likelihood that the borrower will be able to
reinstate the loan. In some cases, courts have required that lenders reinstate
loans or recast payment schedules in order to accommodate borrowers who are
suffering from temporary financial disability. In other cases, courts have
limited the right of the lender to foreclose if the default under the mortgage
instrument is not monetary, such as the borrower failing to adequately maintain
the property. Finally, some courts have been faced with the issue of whether or
not federal or state constitutional provisions reflecting due process concerns
for adequate notice require that borrowers under deeds of trust, deeds to secure
debt or mortgages receive notices in addition to the statutorily prescribed
minimum. For the most part, these cases have upheld the notice provisions as
being reasonable or have found that the sale by a trustee under a deed of trust,
or under a deed to secure debt or a mortgage having a power of sale, does not
involve sufficient state action to afford constitutional protections to the
borrower.
Applicability of Usury Laws
Title V of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control
Act of 1980 ("Title V") provides that state usury limitations shall not apply to
certain types of residential first mortgage loans originated by certain lenders
after March 31, 1980. A similar federal statute was in effect with respect to
mortgage loans made during the first three months of 1980. The Office of Thrift
Supervision is authorized to issue rules and regulations and to publish
interpretations governing implementation of Title V. The statute authorized any
state to impose interest rate limits by adopting, before April 1, 1983, a law or
constitutional provision which expressly rejects application of the federal law.
In addition, even where Title V is not so rejected, any state is authorized by
the law to adopt a provision limiting discount points or other charges on
mortgage loans covered by Title V. Certain states have taken action to reimpose
interest rate limits or to limit discount points or other charges.
Usury limits may apply to junior mortgage loans in many states and Mexico
Mortgage Loans . Any applicable usury limits in effect at origination will be
reflected in the maximum Mortgage Rates on ARM Loans, which will be set forth in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
Unless otherwise set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement, each
Mortgage Collateral Seller, or another specified party, will have represented
that each Mortgage Loan was originated in compliance with then applicable state
laws, including usury laws, in all material respects. However, the Mortgage
Rates on the Mortgage Loans will be subject to applicable usury laws as in
effect from time to time.
Alternative Mortgage Instruments
Alternative mortgage instruments, including adjustable rate mortgage loans
and early ownership mortgage loans, originated by non-federally chartered
lenders, have historically been subjected to a variety of restrictions. Such
restrictions differed from state to state, resulting in difficulties in
determining whether a particular alternative mortgage instrument originated by a
state-chartered lender was in compliance with applicable law. These difficulties
were alleviated substantially as a result of the enactment of Title VIII of the
Garn-St Germain Act ("Title VIII"). Title VIII provides that, notwithstanding
any state law to the contrary, (i) state-chartered banks may originate
alternative mortgage instruments in accordance with regulations promulgated by
the Comptroller of the Currency with respect to the origination of alternative
mortgage instruments by national banks, (ii) state-chartered credit unions may
originate alternative mortgage instruments in accordance with regulations
promulgated by the National Credit Union Administration with respect to
origination of alternative mortgage instruments by federal credit unions and
(iii) all other non-federally chartered housing creditors, including
state-chartered savings and loan associations, state-chartered savings banks and
mutual savings banks and mortgage banking companies, may originate alternative
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mortgage instruments in accordance with the regulations promulgated by the
Federal Home Loan Bank Board, predecessor to the Office of Thrift Supervision,
with respect to origination of alternative mortgage instruments by federal
savings and loan associations. Title VIII also provides that any state may
reject applicability of the provisions of Title VIII by adopting, prior to
October 15, 1985, a law or constitutional provision expressly rejecting the
applicability of such provisions. Certain states have taken such action.
Junior Mortgages; Rights of Senior Mortgagees
The Mortgage Loans included in the Trust Fund may be junior to other
mortgages, deeds to secure debt or deeds of trust held by other lenders. The
rights of the Trust Fund (and therefore the Certificateholders), as mortgagee
under a junior mortgage, are subordinate to those of the mortgagee under the
senior mortgage, including the prior rights of the senior mortgagee to receive
hazard insurance and condemnation proceeds and to cause the property securing
the Mortgage Loan to be sold upon default of the mortgagor, which may extinguish
the junior mortgagee's lien unless the junior mortgagee asserts its subordinate
interest in the property in foreclosure litigation and, in certain cases, either
reinstates or satisfies the defaulted senior loan or loans. A junior mortgagee
may satisfy a defaulted senior loan in full or, in some states, may cure such
default and bring the senior loan current thereby reinstating the senior loan,
in either event usually adding the amounts expended to the balance due on the
junior loan. In most states, absent a provision in the mortgage, deed to secure
debt or deed of trust, no notice of default is required to be given to a junior
mortgagee. Where applicable law or the terms of the senior mortgage, deed to
secure debt or deed of trust do not require notice of default to the junior
mortgagee, the lack of any such notice may prevent the junior mortgagee from
exercising any right to reinstate the loan which applicable law may provide.
The standard form of the mortgage, deed to secure debt or deed of trust
used by most institutional lenders confers on the mortgagee the right both to
receive all proceeds collected under any hazard insurance policy and all awards
made in connection with condemnation proceedings, and to apply such proceeds and
awards to any indebtedness secured by the mortgage, deed to secure debt or deed
of trust, in such order as the mortgagee may determine. Thus, in the event
improvements on the property are damaged or destroyed by fire or other casualty,
or in the event the property is taken by condemnation, the mortgagee or
beneficiary under underlying senior mortgages will have the prior right to
collect any insurance proceeds payable under a hazard insurance policy and any
award of damages in connection with the condemnation and to apply the same to
the indebtedness secured by the senior mortgages. Proceeds in excess of the
amount of senior mortgage indebtedness, in most cases, may be applied to the
indebtedness of junior mortgages in the order of their priority.
Another provision sometimes found in the form of the mortgage, deed to
secure debt or deed of trust used by institutional lenders obligates the
mortgagor to pay before delinquency all taxes and assessments on the property
and, when due, all encumbrances, charges and liens on the property which are
prior to the mortgage or deed of trust, to provide and maintain fire insurance
on the property, to maintain and repair the property and not to commit or permit
any waste thereof, and to appear in and defend any action or proceeding
purporting to affect the property or the rights of the mortgagee under the
mortgage. Upon a failure of the mortgagor to perform any of these obligations,
the mortgagee or beneficiary is given the right under certain mortgages or deeds
of trust to perform the obligation itself, at its election, with the mortgagor
agreeing to reimburse the mortgagee for any sums expended by the mortgagee on
behalf of the mortgagor. All sums so expended by a senior mortgagee become part
of the indebtedness secured by the senior mortgage. Also, since most senior
mortgages require the related Mortgagor to make escrow deposits with the holder
of the senior mortgage for all real estate taxes and insurance premiums, many
junior mortgagees will not collect and retain such escrows and will rely upon
the holder of the senior mortgage to collect and disburse such escrows.
The Contracts
General
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A Contract evidences both (a) the obligation of the Mortgagor to repay the
loan evidenced thereby and (b) the grant of a security interest in the
Manufactured Home to secure repayment of such loan. Certain aspects of both
features of the Contracts are described below.
Security Interests in Manufactured Homes
The law governing perfection of a security interest in a Manufactured Home
varies from state to state. Security interests in manufactured homes may be
perfected either by notation of the secured party's lien on the certificate of
title or by delivery of the required documents and payments of a fee to the
state motor vehicle authority, depending on state law. In some non-title states,
perfection pursuant to the provisions of the UCC is required. The lender, the
Servicer or the Master Servicer may effect such notation or delivery of the
required documents and fees, and obtain possession of the certificate of title,
as appropriate under the laws of the state in which any Manufactured Home
securing a Contract is registered. In the event the Master Servicer, the
Servicer or the lender fails to effect such notation or delivery, or files the
security interest under the wrong law (for example, under a motor vehicle title
statute rather than under the UCC, in a few states), the Certificateholders may
not have a first priority security interest in the Manufactured Home securing a
Contract. As manufactured homes have become larger and often have been attached
to their sites without any apparent intention to move them, courts in many
states have held that manufactured homes, under certain circumstances, may
become subject to real estate title and recording laws. As a result, a security
interest in a manufactured home could be rendered subordinate to the interests
of other parties claiming an interest in the home under applicable state real
estate law. In order to perfect a security interest in a manufactured home under
real estate laws, the holder of the security interest must record a mortgage,
deed of trust or deed to secure debt, as applicable, under the real estate laws
of the state where the manufactured home is located. These filings must be made
in the real estate records office of the county where the manufactured home is
located. Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement,
substantially all of the Contracts will contain provisions prohibiting the
Mortgagor from permanently attaching the Manufactured Home to its site. So long
as the Mortgagor does not violate this agreement and a court does not hold that
the Manufactured Home is real property, a security interest in the Manufactured
Home will be governed by the certificate of title laws or the UCC, and the
notation of the security interest on the certificate of title or the filing of a
UCC financing statement will be effective to maintain the priority of the
seller's security interest in the Manufactured Home. If, however, a Manufactured
Home is permanently attached to its site or if a court determines that a
Manufactured Home is real property, other parties could obtain an interest in
the Manufactured Home which is prior to the security interest originally
retained by the Mortgage Collateral Seller and transferred to the Company. In
certain cases, the Master Servicer or the Servicer, as applicable, may be
required to perfect a security interest in the Manufactured Home under
applicable real estate laws. If such real estate recordings are not required and
if any of the foregoing events were to occur, the only recourse of the
Certificateholders would be against the Mortgage Collateral Seller pursuant to
its repurchase obligation for breach of representations or warranties.
The Company will assign its security interests in the Manufactured Homes
to the Trustee on behalf of the Certificateholders. See "Description of the
Certificates -- Assignment of Contracts." Unless otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, if a Manufactured Home is governed by the
applicable motor vehicle laws of the relevant state neither the Company nor the
Trustee will amend the certificates of title to identify the Trustee as the new
secured party. Accordingly, the Company or such other entity as may be specified
in the Prospectus Supplement will continue to be named as the secured party on
the certificates of title relating to the Manufactured Homes. However, there
exists a risk that, in the absence of an amendment to the certificate of title,
such assignment of the security interest may not be held effective against
subsequent purchasers of a Manufactured Home or subsequent lenders who take a
security interest in the Manufactured Home or creditors of the assignor.
If the owner of a Manufactured Home moves it to a state other than the
state in which such Manufactured Home initially is registered and if steps are
not taken to re-perfect the Trustee's security interest in such state, the
security interest in the Manufactured Home will cease to be perfected. While in
many circumstances the Trustee would have the opportunity to re-perfect its
security interest in the Manufactured Home in the state of relocation, there can
be no assurance that the Trustee will be able to do so.
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When a Mortgagor under a Contract sells a Manufactured Home, the Trustee,
or the Servicer or the Master Servicer on behalf of the Trustee, must surrender
possession of the certificate of title or will receive notice as a result of its
lien noted thereon and accordingly will have an opportunity to require
satisfaction of the related lien before release of the lien.
Under the laws of most states, liens for repairs performed on a
Manufactured Home take priority over a perfected security interest. The
applicable Mortgage Collateral Seller generally will represent that it has no
knowledge of any such liens with respect to any Manufactured Home securing
payment on any Contract. However, such liens could arise at any time during the
term of a Contract. No notice will be given to the Trustee or Certificateholders
in the event such a lien arises and such lien would not give rise to a
repurchase obligation on the part of the party specified in the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement.
To the extent that Manufactured Homes are not treated as real property
under applicable state law, contracts generally are "chattel paper" as defined
in the UCC in effect in the states in which the Manufactured Homes initially
were registered. Pursuant to the UCC, the sale of chattel paper is treated in a
manner similar to perfection of a security interest in chattel paper. Under the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement, the Master Servicer or the Company, as the case
may be, will transfer physical possession of the Contracts to the Trustee or its
Custodian. In addition, the Master Servicer will make an appropriate filing of a
UCC-1 financing statement in the appropriate states to give notice of the
Trustee's ownership of the Contracts. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Contracts will not be stamped or marked otherwise to
reflect their assignment from the Company to the Trustee. Therefore, if a
subsequent purchaser were able to take physical possession of the Contracts
without notice of such assignment, the Trustee's interest in the Contracts could
be defeated. To the extent that Manufactured Homes are treated as real property
under applicable state law, Contracts will be treated in a manner similar to
that described above with regard to Mortgage Loans. See "--The Mortgage Loans"
above.
Enforcement of Security Interests in Manufactured Homes
The Servicer or the Master Servicer on behalf of the Trustee, to the
extent required by the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement, may take action
to enforce the Trustee's security interest with respect to Contracts in default
by repossession and sale of the Manufactured Homes securing such defaulted
Contracts. So long as the Manufactured Home has not become subject to real
estate law, a creditor generally can repossess a Manufactured Home securing a
Contract by voluntary surrender, by "self-help" repossession that is "peaceful"
or, in the absence of voluntary surrender and the ability to repossess without
breach of the peace, by judicial process. The UCC and consumer protection laws
in most states place restrictions on repossession sales, including requiring
prior notice to the debtor and commercial reasonableness in effecting such a
sale. The debtor may also have a right to redeem the Manufactured Home at or
before resale.
Certain statutory provisions, including federal and state bankruptcy and
insolvency laws and general equitable principles, may limit or delay the ability
of a lender to repossess and resell collateral or enforce a deficiency judgment.
For a discussion of deficiency judgments, see "--The Mortgage Loans --
Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations on Lenders" above.
Consumer Protection Laws
If the transferor of a consumer credit contract is also the seller of
goods that give rise to the transaction (and, in certain cases, related lenders
and assignees), the "Holder-in-Due-Course" rule of the Federal Trade Commission
is intended to defeat the ability of such transferor to transfer such contract
free of notice of claims by the debtor thereunder. The effect of this rule is to
subject the assignee of such a contract to all claims and defenses that the
debtor could assert against the seller of goods. Liability under this rule is
limited to amounts paid under a Contract; however, the Mortgagor also may be
able to assert the rule to set off remaining amounts due as a defense against a
claim brought against such Mortgagor. Numerous other federal and state consumer
protection laws impose requirements applicable to the origination and lending
pursuant to the Contracts, including the Truth in Lending Act, the Federal Trade
Commission Act, the Fair Credit Billing Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the
Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act and the
Uniform Consumer Credit Code. In
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the case of some of these laws, the failure to comply with their provisions may
affect the enforceability of the related Contract.
"Due-on-Sale" Clauses
The Contracts, in general, prohibit the sale or transfer of the related
Manufactured Homes without the consent of the Company, the Master Servicer or
the Servicer and permit the acceleration of the maturity of the Contracts by the
Company, the Master Servicer or the Servicer upon any such sale or transfer that
is not consented to. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Company, the Master Servicer or the Servicer generally will
permit most transfers of Manufactured Homes and not accelerate the maturity of
the related Contracts. In certain cases, the transfer may be made by a
delinquent Mortgagor in order to avoid a repossession proceeding with respect to
a Manufactured Home.
In the case of a transfer of a Manufactured Home after which the Company
desires to accelerate the maturity of the related Contract, the Company's
ability to do so will depend on the enforceability under state law of the
"due-on-sale" clause. The Garn-St Germain Act preempts, subject to certain
exceptions and conditions, state laws prohibiting enforcement of "due-on-sale"
clauses applicable to the Manufactured Homes. In some states the Company or the
Master Servicer may be prohibited from enforcing a "due-on-sale" clause in
respect of certain Manufactured Homes.
Applicability of Usury Laws
Title V provides that, subject to certain conditions, state usury
limitations shall not apply to any loan that is secured by a first lien on
certain kinds of manufactured housing. For a discussion of Title V, see "--The
Mortgage Loans -- Applicability of Usury Laws" above. Unless otherwise specified
in the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement, each Mortgage Collateral Seller,
or another specified party, will represent that all of the Contracts comply with
applicable usury laws.
Environmental Legislation
Real property pledged as security to a lender may be subject to unforeseen
environmental risks. Most environmental statutes create obligations for any
party that can be classified as the "owner" or "operator" of a "facility"
(referring to both operating facilities and to real property). Under the laws of
some states and under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 ("CERCLA"), a lender may be liable, as an
"owner" or "operator," for costs arising out of releases or threatened releases
of hazardous substances that require remedy at a mortgaged property, if agents
or employees of the lender have become sufficiently involved in the operations
of the borrower or, subsequent to a foreclosure, in the management of the
property. Such liability may arise regardless of whether the environmental
damage or threat was caused by a prior owner.
Under federal and certain state laws, contamination of a property may give
rise to a lien on the property to assure the payment of costs of clean-up. Under
federal law and in several states, such a lien has priority over the lien of an
existing mortgage against such property. If a lender is or becomes directly
liable following a foreclosure, it may be precluded from bringing an action for
contribution against the owner or operator who created the environmental hazard.
Such clean-up costs may be substantial. It is possible that such costs could
become a liability of the related Trust Fund and occasion a loss to
Certificateholders in certain circumstances described above if such remedial
costs were incurred.
The Asset Conservation, Lender Liability and Deposit Insurance Act of 1996
(the "Conservation Act") amended, among other things, the provisions of CERCLA
with respect to lender liability and the secured creditor exemption. The
Conservation Act offers substantial protection to lenders by defining the
activities in which a lender can engage and still have the benefit of the
secured creditor exemption. In order for a lender to be deemed to have
participated in the management of a mortgaged property, the lender must actually
participate in the operational affairs of the mortgaged property. The
Conservation Act provides that "merely having the capacity to influence,
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or unexercised right to control" operations does not constitute participation in
management. A lender will lose the protection of the secured creditor exemption
only if it exercises decision-making control over the mortgagor's environmental
compliance and hazardous substance handling and disposal practices, or assumes
day-to-day management of substantially all of the operational functions of the
mortgaged property. The Conservation Act also provides that a lender will
continue to have the benefit of the secured creditor exemption even if it
forecloses on a mortgaged property, purchases it at a foreclosure sale or
accepts a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure provided that the lender seeks to sell the
mortgaged property at the earliest practicable commercially reasonable time on
commercially reasonable terms.
Except as otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, at
the time the Mortgage Loans or Contracts were originated, no environmental
assessment or a very limited environment assessment of the Mortgaged Properties
will have been conducted.
Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940
Under the terms of the Relief Act, a borrower who enters military service
after the origination of such borrower's mortgage loan or contract (including a
borrower who was in reserve status and is called to active duty after
origination of the mortgage loan or contract), may not be charged interest
(including fees and charges) above an annual rate of 6% during the period of
such borrower's active duty status, unless a court orders otherwise upon
application of the lender. The Relief Act applies to borrowers who are members
of the Air Force, Army, Marines, Navy, National Guard, Reserves or Coast Guard,
and officers of the U.S. Public Health Service assigned to duty with the
military. Because the Relief Act applies to borrowers who enter military service
(including reservists who are called to active duty) after origination of the
related mortgage loan or contract, no information can be provided as to the
number of Mortgage Loans or Contracts that may be affected by the Relief Act.
With respect to Mortgage Loans or Contracts included in a Trust Fund,
application of the Relief Act would adversely affect, for an indeterminate
period of time, the ability of the Servicer or the Master Servicer, as
applicable, to collect full amounts of interest on such Mortgage Collateral. Any
shortfall in interest collections resulting from the application of the Relief
Act or similar legislation or regulations, which would not be recoverable from
the related Mortgage Loans or Contracts, would result in a reduction of the
amounts distributable to the holders of the related Certificates, and would not
be covered by Advances or any form of credit enhancement provided in connection
with the related series of Certificates. In addition, the Relief Act imposes
limitations that would impair the ability of the Servicer or the Master
Servicer, as applicable, to foreclose on an affected Mortgage Loan or Contract
during the Mortgagor's period of active duty status, and, under certain
circumstances, during an additional three month period thereafter. Thus, in the
event that the Relief Act or similar legislation or regulations applies to any
Mortgage Loan or Contract which goes into default, there may be delays in
payment and losses on the related Certificates in connection therewith. Any
other interest shortfalls, deferrals or forgiveness of payments on the Mortgage
Loans or Contracts resulting from similar legislation or regulations may result
in delays in payments or losses to Certificateholders of the related series.
Default Interest and Limitations on Prepayments
Notes and mortgages may contain provisions that obligate the borrower to
pay a late charge or additional interest if payments are not timely made, and in
some circumstances, may prohibit prepayments for a specified period and/or
condition prepayments upon the borrower's payment of prepayment fees or yield
maintenance penalties. In certain states, there are or may be specific
limitations upon the late charges which a lender may collect from a borrower for
delinquent payments. Certain states also limit the amounts that a lender may
collect from a borrower as an additional charge if the loan is prepaid. In
addition, the enforceability of provisions that provide for prepayment fees or
penalties upon an involuntary prepayment is unclear under the laws of many
states. Most conventional single-family mortgage loans may be prepaid in full or
in part without penalty. The regulations of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, as
succeeded by the OTS, prohibit the imposition of a prepayment penalty or
equivalent fee for or in connection with the acceleration of a loan by exercise
of a due-on-sale clause. A mortgagee to whom a prepayment in full has been
tendered may be compelled to give either a release of the mortgage or an
instrument assigning the existing mortgage. The absence of a restraint on
prepayment, particularly with respect to
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Mortgage Loans having higher mortgage rates, may increase the likelihood of
refinancing or other early retirements of the Mortgage Loans.
Forfeitures in Drug and RICO Proceedings
Federal law provides that property owned by persons convicted of
drug-related crimes or of criminal violations of the Racketeer Influenced and
Corrupt Organizations ("RICO") statute can be seized by the government if the
property was used in, or purchased with the proceeds of, such crimes. Under
procedures contained in the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 (the "Crime
Control Act"), the government may seize the property even before conviction. The
government must publish notice of the forfeiture proceeding and may give notice
to all parties "known to have an alleged interest in the property," including
the holders of mortgage loans.
A lender may avoid forfeiture of its interest in the property if it
establishes that: (i) its mortgage was executed and recorded before commission
of the crime upon which the forfeiture is based, or (ii) the lender was, at the
time of execution of the mortgage, "reasonably without cause to believe" that
the property was used in, or purchased with the proceeds of, illegal drug or
RICO activities.
Negative Amortization Loans
A recent case decided by the United States Court of Appeals, First
Circuit, held that state restrictions on the compounding of interest are not
preempted by the provisions of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and
Monetary Control Act of 1980 ("DIDMC") and as a result, a mortgage loan that
provided for negative amortization violated New Hampshire's requirement that
first mortgage loans provide for computation of interest on a simple interest
basis. The holding was limited to the effect of DIDMC on state laws regarding
the compounding of interest and the court did not address the applicability of
the Alternative Mortgage Transaction Parity Act of 1982, which authorizes a
lender to make residential mortgage loans that provide for negative
amortization. As a result, the enforceability of compound interest on mortgage
loans that provide for negative amortization is unclear. The First Circuit's
decision is binding authority only on Federal District Courts in Maine, New
Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Puerto Rico.
UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
General
The following is a general discussion of anticipated material United
States federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and
disposition of the Certificates offered hereunder. This discussion has been
prepared with the advice of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP and Thacher
Proffitt & Wood, counsel to the Company. This discussion is directed solely to
Certificateholders that hold the Certificates as capital assets within the
meaning of Section 1221 of the Code and does not purport to discuss all federal
income tax consequences that may be applicable to particular categories of
investors, some of which (such as banks, insurance companies and foreign
investors) may be subject to special rules. In addition, the authorities on
which this discussion, and the opinion referred to below, are based are subject
to change or differing interpretations, which could apply retroactively.
Taxpayers and preparers of tax returns (including those filed by any REMIC or
other issuer) should be aware that under applicable Treasury regulations a
provider of advice on specific issues of law is not considered an income tax
return preparer unless the advice (i) is given with respect to events that have
occurred at the time the advice is rendered and is not given with respect to the
consequences of contemplated actions, and (ii) is directly relevant to the
determination of an entry on a tax return. Accordingly, taxpayers should consult
their tax advisors and tax return preparers regarding the preparation of any
item on a tax return, even where the anticipated tax treatment has been
discussed herein or in a Prospectus Supplement. In addition to the federal
income tax consequences described herein, potential investors should consider
the state and local tax consequences, if any, of the purchase, ownership and
disposition of the Certificates. See "State and Other Tax Consequences."
Certificateholders are advised to consult their tax advisors concerning the
federal, state, local or other tax consequences to them of the purchase,
ownership and disposition of the Certificates offered hereunder.
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The following discussion addresses certificates (the "REMIC Certificates")
representing interests in a Trust Fund, or a portion thereof, which the Master
Servicer or Certificate Administrator, as applicable, will covenant to elect to
have treated as a REMIC under Sections 860A through 860G (the "REMIC
Provisions") of the Code. The Prospectus Supplement for each series of
Certificates will indicate whether a REMIC election (or elections) will be made
for the related Trust Fund and, if such an election is to be made, will identify
all "regular interests" and "residual interests" in the REMIC. If a REMIC
election will not be made for a Trust Fund, the federal income consequences of
the purchase, ownership and disposition of the related Certificates will be set
forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. For purposes of this tax discussion,
references to a "Certificateholder" or a "holder" are to the beneficial owner of
a Certificate.
The following discussion is based in part upon the rules governing
original issue discount that are set forth in Sections 1271 through 1273 and
Section 1275 of the Code and in the Treasury regulations issued thereunder (the
"OID Regulations"), and in part upon the REMIC Provisions and the Treasury
regulations issued thereunder (the "REMIC Regulations"). The OID Regulations do
not adequately address certain issues relevant to, and in some instances provide
that they are not applicable to, securities such as the Certificates.
REMICs
Classification of REMICs
Upon the issuance of each series of REMIC Certificates, Orrick, Herrington
& Sutcliffe LLP or Thacher Proffitt & Wood, counsel to the Company, will deliver
their opinion generally to the effect that, assuming compliance with all
provisions of the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement,
the related Trust Fund (or each applicable portion thereof) will qualify as a
REMIC and the REMIC Certificates offered with respect thereto will be considered
to evidence ownership of "regular interests" ("REMIC Regular Certificates") or
"residual interests" ("REMIC Residual Certificates") in that REMIC within the
meaning of the REMIC Provisions.
If an entity electing to be treated as a REMIC fails to comply with one or
more of the ongoing requirements of the Code for such status during any taxable
year, the Code provides that the entity will not be treated as a REMIC for such
year and thereafter. In that event, such entity may be taxable as a separate
corporation under Treasury regulations, and the related REMIC Certificates may
not be accorded the status or given the tax treatment described below. Although
the Code authorizes the Treasury Department to issue regulations providing
relief in the event of an inadvertent termination of REMIC status, no such
regulations have been issued. Any such relief, moreover, may be accompanied by
sanctions, such as the imposition of a corporate tax on all or a portion of the
Trust Fund's income for the period in which the requirements for such status are
not satisfied. The Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement, with
respect to each REMIC, will include provisions designed to maintain the Trust
Fund's status as a REMIC under the REMIC Provisions. It is not anticipated that
the status of any Trust Fund as a REMIC will be terminated.
Characterization of Investments in REMIC Certificates
In general, the REMIC Certificates will be "real estate assets" within the
meaning of Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Code and assets described in Section
7701(a)(19)(C) of the Code in the same proportion that the assets of the REMIC
underlying such Certificates would be so treated. Moreover, if 95% or more of
the assets of the REMIC qualify for any of the foregoing treatments at all times
during a calendar year, the REMIC Certificates will qualify for the
corresponding status in their entirety for that calendar year. Interest
(including original issue discount) on the REMIC Regular Certificates and income
allocated to the class of REMIC Residual Certificates will be interest described
in Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code to the extent that such Certificates are
treated as "real estate assets" within the meaning of Section 856(c)(4)(A) of
the Code. In addition, the REMIC Regular Certificates will be "qualified
mortgages" within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3)(C) of the Code if
transferred to another REMIC on its startup day in exchange for regular or
residual interests therein. The determination as to the percentage of the
REMIC's assets that constitute assets described in the foregoing sections of the
Code will be made with respect to each calendar quarter based on the average
adjusted basis of each category of the assets held by the REMIC
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during such calendar quarter. The Master Servicer or the Certificate
Administrator, as applicable, will report those determinations to
Certificateholders in the manner and at the times required by applicable
Treasury regulations.
The assets of the REMIC will include, in addition to Mortgage Collateral,
payments on Mortgage Collateral held pending distribution on the REMIC
Certificates and property acquired by foreclosure held pending sale, and may
include amounts in reserve accounts. It is unclear whether property acquired by
foreclosure held pending sale and amounts in reserve accounts would be
considered to be part of the Mortgage Collateral, or whether such assets (to the
extent not invested in assets described in the foregoing sections) otherwise
would receive the same treatment as the Mortgage Collateral for purposes of all
of the foregoing sections. In addition, in some instances Mortgage Collateral
may not be treated entirely as assets described in the foregoing sections. If
so, the related Prospectus Supplement will describe the Mortgage Collateral that
may not be so treated. The REMIC Regulations do provide, however, that payments
on Mortgage Collateral held pending distribution are considered part of the
Mortgage Collateral for purposes of Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Code.
Tiered REMIC Structures
For certain series of REMIC Certificates, two or more separate elections
may be made to treat designated portions of the related Trust Fund as REMICs
("Tiered REMICs") for federal income tax purposes. Upon the issuance of any such
series of REMIC Certificates, Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP or Thacher
Proffitt & Wood, counsel to the Company, will deliver their opinion generally to
the effect that, assuming compliance with all provisions of the related Pooling
and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement, the Tiered REMICs will each qualify
as a REMIC and the REMIC Certificates issued by the Tiered REMICs, respectively,
will be considered to evidence ownership of REMIC Regular Certificates or REMIC
Residual Certificates in the related REMIC within the meaning of the REMIC
Provisions.
Solely for purposes of determining whether the REMIC Certificates will be
"real estate assets" within the meaning of Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Code, and
"loans secured by an interest in real property" under Section 7701(a)(19)(C) of
the Code, and whether the income on such Certificates is interest described in
Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code, the Tiered REMICs will be treated as one
REMIC.
Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Certificates
General. Except as otherwise stated in this discussion, REMIC Regular
Certificates will be treated for federal income tax purposes as debt instruments
issued by the REMIC and not as ownership interests in the REMIC or its assets.
Moreover, holders of REMIC Regular Certificates that otherwise report income
under a cash method of accounting will be required to report income with respect
to REMIC Regular Certificates under an accrual method.
Original Issue Discount. Certain REMIC Regular Certificates may be issued
with "original issue discount" within the meaning of Section 1273(a) of the
Code. Any holders of REMIC Regular Certificates issued with original issue
discount generally will be required to include original issue discount in income
as it accrues, in accordance with the method described below, in advance of the
receipt of the cash attributable to such income. In addition, Section 1272(a)(6)
of the Code provides special rules applicable to REMIC Regular Certificates and
certain other debt instruments issued with original issue discount. Regulations
have not been issued under that section.
The Code requires that a prepayment assumption be used with respect to
Mortgage Collateral held by a REMIC in computing the accrual of original issue
discount on REMIC Regular Certificates issued by that REMIC, and that
adjustments be made in the amount and rate of accrual of such discount to
reflect differences between the actual prepayment rate and the prepayment
assumption. The prepayment assumption is to be determined in a manner prescribed
in Treasury regulations; as noted above, those regulations have not been issued.
The Conference Committee Report (the "Committee Report") accompanying the Tax
Reform Act of 1986 indicates that the regulations will provide that the
prepayment assumption used with respect to a REMIC Regular Certificate must be
the same as that used in pricing the initial offering of such REMIC Regular
Certificate. The Prepayment Assumption used by the Master Servicer or the
Certificate Administrator, as applicable, in reporting original issue
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discount for each series of REMIC Regular Certificates will be consistent with
this standard and will be disclosed in the related Prospectus Supplement.
However, neither the Company, the Master Servicer nor the Certificate
Administrator will make any representation that the Mortgage Collateral will in
fact prepay at a rate conforming to the Prepayment Assumption or at any other
rate.
The original issue discount, if any, on a REMIC Regular Certificate will
be the excess of its stated redemption price at maturity over its issue price.
The issue price of a particular class of REMIC Regular Certificates will be the
first cash price at which a substantial amount of REMIC Regular Certificates of
that class is sold (excluding sales to bond houses, brokers and underwriters).
If less than a substantial amount of a particular class of REMIC Regular
Certificates is sold for cash on or prior to the date of their initial issuance
(the "Closing Date"), the issue price for such class will be treated as the fair
market value of such class on the Closing Date. Under the OID Regulations, the
stated redemption price of a REMIC Regular Certificate is equal to the total of
all payments to be made on such Certificate other than "qualified stated
interest." "Qualified stated interest" includes interest that is unconditionally
payable at least annually at a single fixed rate, or in the case of a variable
rate debt instrument, at a "qualified floating rate," an "objective rate," a
combination of a single fixed rate and one or more "qualified floating rates" or
one "qualified inverse floating rate," or a combination of "qualified floating
rates" that generally does not operate in a manner that accelerates or defers
interest payments on such REMIC Regular Certificate.
In the case of REMIC Regular Certificates bearing adjustable interest
rates, the determination of the total amount of original issue discount and the
timing of the inclusion thereof will vary according to the characteristics of
such REMIC Regular Certificates. If the original issue discount rules apply to
such Certificates, the related Prospectus Supplement will describe the manner in
which such rules will be applied by the Master Servicer or the Certificate
Administrator, as applicable, with respect to those Certificates in preparing
information returns to the Certificateholders and the Internal Revenue Service
(the "IRS").
Certain classes of the REMIC Regular Certificates may provide for the
first interest payment with respect to such Certificates to be made more than
one month after the date of issuance, a period which is longer than the
subsequent monthly intervals between interest payments. Assuming the "accrual
period" (as defined herein) for original issue discount is each monthly period
that begins or ends on a Distribution Date, in some cases, as a consequence of
this "long first accrual period," some or all interest payments may be required
to be included in the stated redemption price of the REMIC Regular Certificate
and accounted for as original issue discount. Because interest on REMIC Regular
Certificates must in any event be accounted for under an accrual method,
applying this analysis would result in only a slight difference in the timing of
the inclusion in income of the yield on the REMIC Regular Certificates.
In addition, if the accrued interest to be paid on the first Distribution
Date is computed with respect to a period that begins prior to the Closing Date,
a portion of the purchase price paid for a REMIC Regular Certificate will
reflect such accrued interest. In such cases, information returns to the
Certificateholders and the IRS will be based on the position that the portion of
the purchase price paid for the interest accrued with respect to periods prior
to the Closing Date is treated as part of the overall cost of such REMIC Regular
Certificate (and not as a separate asset the cost of which is recovered entirely
out of interest received on the next Distribution Date) and that portion of the
interest paid on the first Distribution Date in excess of interest accrued for a
number of days corresponding to the number of days from the Closing Date to the
first Distribution Date should be included in the stated redemption price of
such REMIC Regular Certificate. However, the OID Regulations state that all or
some portion of such accrued interest may be treated as a separate asset the
cost of which is recovered entirely out of interest paid on the first
Distribution Date. It is unclear how an election to do so would be made under
the OID Regulations and whether such an election could be made unilaterally by a
Certificateholder.
Notwithstanding the general definition of original issue discount,
original issue discount on a REMIC Regular Certificate will be considered to be
de minimis if it is less than 0.25% of the stated redemption price of the REMIC
Regular Certificate multiplied by its weighted average life. For this purpose,
the weighted average life of the REMIC Regular Certificate is computed as the
sum of the amounts determined, as to each payment included in the stated
redemption price of such REMIC Regular Certificate, by multiplying (i) the
number of complete years (rounding down for partial years) from the issue date
until such payment is expected to be made (presumably taking
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into account the Prepayment Assumption) by (ii) a fraction, the numerator of
which is the amount of the payment, and the denominator of which is the stated
redemption price at maturity of such REMIC Regular Certificate. Under the OID
Regulations, original issue discount of only a de minimis amount (other than de
minimis original issue discount attributable to a so-called "teaser" interest
rate or an initial interest holiday) will be included in income as each payment
of stated principal is made, based on the product of the total amount of such de
minimis original issue discount and a fraction, the numerator of which is the
amount of such principal payment and the denominator of which is the outstanding
stated principal amount of the REMIC Regular Certificate. The OID Regulations
also would permit a Certificateholder to elect to accrue de minimis original
issue discount into income currently based on a constant yield method. See
"--Market Discount" for a description of such election under the OID
Regulations.
If original issue discount on a REMIC Regular Certificate is in excess of
a de minimis amount, the holder of such Certificate must include in ordinary
gross income the sum of the "daily portions" of original issue discount for each
day during its taxable year on which it held such REMIC Regular Certificate,
including the purchase date but excluding the disposition date. In the case of
an original holder of a REMIC Regular Certificate, the daily portions of
original issue discount will be determined as follows.
As to each "accrual period," that is, unless otherwise stated in the
related Prospectus Supplement, each period that begins or ends on a date that
corresponds to a Distribution Date and begins on the first day following the
immediately preceding accrual period (or in the case of the first such period,
begins on the Closing Date), a calculation will be made of the portion of the
original issue discount that accrued during such accrual period. The portion of
original issue discount that accrues in any accrual period will equal the
excess, if any, of (i) the sum of (A) the present value, as of the end of the
accrual period, of all of the distributions remaining to be made on the REMIC
Regular Certificate, if any, in future periods and (B) the distributions made on
such REMIC Regular Certificate during the accrual period of amounts included in
the stated redemption price, over (ii) the adjusted issue price of such REMIC
Regular Certificate at the beginning of the accrual period. The present value of
the remaining distributions referred to in the preceding sentence will be
calculated (1) assuming that distributions on the REMIC Regular Certificate will
be received in future periods based on the Mortgage Collateral being prepaid at
a rate equal to the Prepayment Assumption and (2) using a discount rate equal to
the original yield to maturity of the Certificate. For these purposes, the
original yield to maturity of the Certificate will be calculated based on its
issue price and assuming that distributions on the Certificate will be made in
all accrual periods based on the Mortgage Collateral being prepaid at a rate
equal to the Prepayment Assumption. The adjusted issue price of a REMIC Regular
Certificate at the beginning of any accrual period will equal the issue price of
such Certificate, increased by the aggregate amount of original issue discount
that accrued with respect to such Certificate in prior accrual periods, and
reduced by the amount of any distributions made on such REMIC Regular
Certificate in prior accrual periods of amounts included in its stated
redemption price. The original issue discount accruing during any accrual
period, computed as described above, will be allocated ratably to each day
during the accrual period to determine the daily portion of original issue
discount for such day.
The OID Regulations suggest that original issue discount with respect to
securities that represent multiple uncertificated REMIC regular interests, in
which ownership interests will be issued simultaneously to the same buyer and
which may be required under the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement to be
transferred together, should be computed on an aggregate method. In the absence
of further guidance from the IRS, original issue discount with respect to
securities that represent the ownership of multiple uncertificated REMIC regular
interests will be reported to the IRS and the Certificateholders on an aggregate
method based on a single overall constant yield and the prepayment assumption
stated in the related Prospectus Supplement, treating all such uncertificated
regular interests as a single debt instrument as set forth in the OID
Regulations, so long as the Pooling and Servicing Agreement requires that such
uncertificated regular interests be transferred together.
A subsequent purchaser of a REMIC Regular Certificate that purchases such
Certificate at a cost (excluding any portion of such cost attributable to
accrued qualified stated interest) less than its remaining stated redemption
price will also be required to include in gross income the daily portions of any
original issue discount with respect to such Certificate. However, each such
daily portion will be reduced, if such cost is in excess of its "adjusted issue
price," in proportion to the ratio such excess bears to the aggregate original
issue discount remaining to be accrued on such REMIC Regular Certificate. The
adjusted issue price of a REMIC Regular Certificate on any given day
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equals (i) the adjusted issue price (or, in the case of the first accrual
period, the issue price) of such Certificate at the beginning of the accrual
period which includes such day plus (ii) the daily portions of original issue
discount for all days during such accrual period prior to such day minus (iii)
any principal payments made during such accrual period prior to such day with
respect to such Certificate.
Market Discount. A Certificateholder that purchases a REMIC Regular
Certificate at a market discount, that is, in the case of a REMIC Regular
Certificate issued without original issue discount, at a purchase price less
than its remaining stated principal amount, or in the case of a REMIC Regular
Certificate issued with original issue discount, at a purchase price less than
its adjusted issue price will recognize income upon receipt of each distribution
representing stated redemption price. In particular, under Section 1276 of the
Code such a Certificateholder generally will be required to allocate the portion
of each such distribution representing stated redemption price first to accrued
market discount not previously included in income, and to recognize ordinary
income to that extent. A Certificateholder may elect to include market discount
in income currently as it accrues rather than including it on a deferred basis
in accordance with the foregoing. If made, such election will apply to all
market discount bonds acquired by such Certificateholder on or after the first
day of the first taxable year to which such election applies. In addition, the
OID Regulations permit a Certificateholder to elect to accrue all interest,
discount (including de minimis market or original issue discount) and premium in
income as interest, based on a constant yield method. If such an election were
made with respect to a REMIC Regular Certificate with market discount, the
Certificateholder would be deemed to have made an election to include currently
market discount in income with respect to all other debt instruments having
market discount that such Certificateholder acquires during the taxable year of
the election or thereafter, and possibly previously acquired instruments.
Similarly, a Certificateholder that made this election for a Certificate that is
acquired at a premium would be deemed to have made an election to amortize bond
premium with respect to all debt instruments having amortizable bond premium
that such Certificateholder owns or acquires. See "--Premium." Each of these
elections to accrue interest, discount and premium with respect to a Certificate
on a constant yield method or as interest may not be revoked without the consent
of the IRS.
However, market discount with respect to a REMIC Regular Certificate will
be considered to be de minimis for purposes of Section 1276 of the Code if such
market discount is less than 0.25% of the remaining stated redemption price of
such REMIC Regular Certificate multiplied by the number of complete years to
maturity remaining after the date of its purchase. In interpreting a similar
rule with respect to original issue discount on obligations payable in
installments, the OID Regulations refer to the weighted average maturity of
obligations, and it is likely that the same rule will be applied with respect to
market discount, presumably taking into account the Prepayment Assumption. If
market discount is treated as de minimis under this rule, it appears that the
actual discount would be treated in a manner similar to original issue discount
of a de minimis amount. See "--Original Issue Discount." Such treatment may
result in discount being included in income at a slower rate than discount would
be required to be included in income using the method described above.
Section 1276(b)(3) of the Code specifically authorizes the Treasury
Department to issue regulations providing for the method for accruing market
discount on debt instruments, the principal of which is payable in more than one
installment. Until regulations are issued by the Treasury Department, certain
rules described in the Committee Report apply. The Committee Report indicates
that in each accrual period market discount on REMIC Regular Certificates should
accrue, at the Certificateholder's option: (i) on the basis of a constant yield
method, (ii) in the case of a REMIC Regular Certificate issued without original
issue discount, in an amount that bears the same ratio to the total remaining
market discount as the stated interest paid in the accrual period bears to the
total amount of stated interest remaining to be paid on the REMIC Regular
Certificate as of the beginning of the accrual period, or (iii) in the case of a
REMIC Regular Certificate issued with original issue discount, in an amount that
bears the same ratio to the total remaining market discount as the original
issue discount accrued in the accrual period bears to the total original issue
discount remaining on the REMIC Regular Certificate at the beginning of the
accrual period. Moreover, the Prepayment Assumption used in calculating the
accrual of original issue discount is to be used in calculating the accrual of
market discount. Because the regulations referred to in this paragraph have not
been issued, it is not possible to predict what effect such regulations might
have on the tax treatment of a REMIC Regular Certificate purchased at a discount
in the secondary market.
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To the extent that REMIC Regular Certificates provide for monthly or other
periodic distributions throughout their term, the effect of these rules may be
to require market discount to be includible in income at a rate that is not
significantly slower than the rate at which such discount would accrue if it
were original issue discount. Moreover, in any event a holder of a REMIC Regular
Certificate generally will be required to treat a portion of any gain on the
sale or exchange of such Certificate as ordinary income to the extent of the
market discount accrued to the date of disposition under one of the foregoing
methods, less any accrued market discount previously reported as ordinary
income.
In addition, under Section 1277 of the Code, a holder of a REMIC Regular
Certificate may be required to defer a portion of its interest deductions for
the taxable year attributable to any indebtedness incurred or continued to
purchase or carry a REMIC Regular Certificate purchased with market discount.
For these purposes, the de minimis rule referred to above applies. Any such
deferred interest expense would not exceed the market discount that accrues
during such taxable year and is, in general, allowed as a deduction not later
than the year in which such market discount is includible in income. If such
holder elects to include market discount in income currently as it accrues on
all market discount instruments acquired by such holder in that taxable year or
thereafter, the interest deferral rule described above will not apply.
Premium. A REMIC Regular Certificate purchased at a cost (excluding any
portion of such cost attributable to accrued qualified stated interest) greater
than its remaining stated redemption price will be considered to be purchased at
a premium. The holder of such a REMIC Regular Certificate may elect under
Section 171 of the Code to amortize such premium under the constant yield method
over the life of the Certificate. If made, such an election will apply to all
debt instruments having amortizable bond premium that the holder owns or
subsequently acquires. Amortizable premium will be treated as an offset to
interest income on the related REMIC Regular Certificate, rather than as a
separate interest deduction. The OID Regulations also permit Certificateholders
to elect to include all interest, discount and premium in income based on a
constant yield method, further treating the Certificateholder as having made the
election to amortize premium generally. See "--Market Discount." The Committee
Report states that the same rules that apply to accrual of market discount
(which rules will require use of a Prepayment Assumption in accruing market
discount with respect to REMIC Regular Certificates without regard to whether
such Certificates have original issue discount) will also apply in amortizing
bond premium under Section 171 of the Code.
Realized Losses. Under Section 166 of the Code, both corporate holders of
the REMIC Regular Certificates and noncorporate holders of the REMIC Regular
Certificates that acquire such Certificates in connection with a trade or
business should be allowed to deduct, as ordinary losses, any losses sustained
during a taxable year in which their Certificates become wholly or partially
worthless as the result of one or more Realized Losses on the Mortgage
Collateral. However, it appears that a noncorporate holder that does not acquire
a REMIC Regular Certificate in connection with a trade or business will not be
entitled to deduct a loss under Section 166 of the Code until such holder's
Certificate becomes wholly worthless (i.e., until its outstanding principal
balance has been reduced to zero) and that the loss will be characterized as a
short-term capital loss.
Each holder of a REMIC Regular Certificate will be required to accrue
interest and original issue discount with respect to such Certificate, without
giving effect to any reductions in distributions attributable to defaults or
delinquencies on the Mortgage Collateral until it can be established that any
such reduction ultimately will not be recoverable. As a result, the amount of
taxable income reported in any period by the holder of a REMIC Regular
Certificate could exceed the amount of economic income actually realized by the
holder in such period. Although the holder of a REMIC Regular Certificate
eventually will recognize a loss or reduction in income attributable to
previously accrued and included income that, as the result of a realized loss,
ultimately will not be realized, the law is unclear with respect to the timing
and character of such loss or reduction in income.
Taxation of Owners of REMIC Residual Certificates
General. As residual interests, the REMIC Residual Certificates will be
subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those that would apply if
the REMIC Residual Certificates were treated for federal income tax purposes as
direct ownership interests in the Mortgage Collateral or as debt instruments
issued by the REMIC.
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A holder of a REMIC Residual Certificate generally will be required to
report its daily portion of the taxable income or, subject to the limitations
noted in this discussion, the net loss of the REMIC for each day during a
calendar quarter that such holder owned such REMIC Residual Certificate. For
this purpose, the taxable income or net loss of the REMIC will be allocated to
each day in the calendar quarter ratably using a "30 days per month/90 days per
quarter/360 days per year" convention unless otherwise disclosed in the related
Prospectus Supplement. The daily amounts will then be allocated among the REMIC
Residual Certificateholders in proportion to their respective ownership
interests on such day. Any amount included in the gross income or allowed as a
loss of any REMIC Residual Certificateholder by virtue of this allocation will
be treated as ordinary income or loss. The taxable income of the REMIC will be
determined under the rules described below in "--Taxable Income of the REMIC"
and will be taxable to the REMIC Residual Certificateholders without regard to
the timing or amount of cash distributions by the REMIC. Ordinary income derived
from REMIC Residual Certificates will be "portfolio income" for purposes of the
taxation of taxpayers subject to limitations under Section 469 of the Code on
the deductibility of "passive losses."
A holder of a REMIC Residual Certificate that purchased such Certificate
from a prior holder of such Certificate also will be required to report on its
federal income tax return amounts representing its daily portion of the taxable
income (or net loss) of the REMIC for each day that it holds such REMIC Residual
Certificate. These daily portions generally will equal the amounts of taxable
income or net loss determined as described above. The Committee Report indicates
that certain modifications of the general rules may be made, by regulations,
legislation or otherwise, to reduce (or increase) the income or loss of a holder
of a REMIC Residual Certificateholder that purchased such REMIC Residual
Certificate from a prior holder of such Certificate at a price greater than (or
less than) the adjusted basis (as defined herein) such REMIC Residual
Certificate would have had in the hands of an original holder of such
Certificate. The REMIC Regulations, however, do not provide for any such
modifications.
Any payments received by a holder of a REMIC Residual Certificate in
connection with the acquisition of such REMIC Residual Certificate will be taken
into account in determining the income of such holder for federal income tax
purposes. Although it appears likely that any such payment would be includible
in income immediately upon its receipt, the IRS might assert that such payment
should be included in income over time according to an amortization schedule or
according to some other method. Because of the uncertainty concerning the
treatment of such payments, holders of REMIC Residual Certificates should
consult their tax advisors concerning the treatment of such payments for income
tax purposes.
The amount of income REMIC Residual Certificateholders will be required to
report (or the tax liability associated with such income) may exceed the amount
of cash distributions received from the REMIC for the corresponding period.
Consequently, REMIC Residual Certificateholders should have other sources of
funds sufficient to pay any federal income taxes due as a result of their
ownership of REMIC Residual Certificates or unrelated deductions against which
income may be offset, subject to the rules relating to "excess inclusions" and
"noneconomic" residual interests discussed below. The fact that the tax
liability associated with the income allocated to REMIC Residual
Certificateholders may exceed the cash distributions received by such REMIC
Residual Certificateholders for the corresponding period may significantly
adversely affect such REMIC Residual Certificateholders' after-tax rate of
return.
Taxable Income of the REMIC. The taxable income of the REMIC will equal
the income from the Mortgage Collateral and other assets of the REMIC plus any
cancellation of indebtedness income due to the allocation of realized losses to
REMIC Regular Certificates, less the deductions allowed to the REMIC for
interest (including original issue discount and reduced by the amortization of
any premium received on issuance) on the REMIC Regular Certificates (and any
other class of REMIC Certificates constituting "regular interests" in the REMIC
not offered hereby), amortization of any premium on the Mortgage Collateral, bad
debt deductions with respect to the Mortgage Collateral and, except as described
below, for servicing, administrative and other expenses.
For purposes of determining its taxable income, the REMIC will have an
initial aggregate basis in its assets equal to their fair market value
immediately after their transfer to the REMIC. For this purpose, the Master
Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, intends to treat the
fair market value of the Mortgage Collateral as being equal to the aggregate
issue prices of the REMIC Regular Certificates and REMIC Residual Certificates.
Such
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aggregate basis will be allocated among the Mortgage Collateral collectively and
the other assets of the REMIC in proportion to their respective fair market
values. The issue price of any REMIC Certificates offered hereby will be
determined in the manner described above under "--Taxation of Owners of REMIC
Regular Certificates --Original Issue Discount." Accordingly, if one or more
classes of REMIC Certificates are retained initially rather than sold, the
Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, may be required
to estimate the fair market value of such interests in order to determine the
basis of the REMIC in the Mortgage Collateral and other property held by the
REMIC.
Subject to the possible application of the de minimis rules, the method of
accrual by the REMIC of original issue discount income and market discount
income with respect to Mortgage Collateral that it holds will be equivalent to
the method of accruing original issue discount income for REMIC Regular
Certificateholders (that is, under the constant yield method taking into account
the Prepayment Assumption). However, a REMIC that acquires Mortgage Collateral
at a market discount must include such discount in income currently, as it
accrues, on a constant interest basis. See "--Taxation of Owners of REMIC
Regular Certificates" above, which describes a method of accruing discount
income that is analogous to that required to be used by a REMIC as to Mortgage
Collateral with market discount that it holds.
An item of Mortgage Collateral will be deemed to have been acquired with
discount (or premium) to the extent that the REMIC's basis therein, determined
as described in the preceding paragraph, is less than (or greater than) its
stated redemption price. Any such discount will be includible in the income of
the REMIC as it accrues, in advance of receipt of the cash attributable to such
income, under a method similar to the method described above for accruing
original issue discount on the REMIC Regular Certificates. It is anticipated
that each REMIC will elect under Section 171 of the Code to amortize any premium
on the Mortgage Collateral. Premium on any item of Mortgage Collateral to which
such election applies may be amortized under a constant yield method, presumably
taking into account a Prepayment Assumption.
A REMIC will be allowed deductions for interest (including original issue
discount) on the REMIC Regular Certificates (including any other class of REMIC
Certificates constituting "regular interests" in the REMIC not offered hereby)
equal to the deductions that would be allowed if the REMIC Regular Certificates
(including any other class of REMIC Certificates constituting "regular
interests" in the REMIC not offered hereby) were indebtedness of the REMIC.
Original issue discount will be considered to accrue for this purpose as
described above under "--Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Certificates --
Original Issue Discount," except that the de minimis rule and the adjustments
for subsequent holders of REMIC Regular Certificates (including any other class
of Certificates constituting "regular interests" in the REMIC not offered
hereby) described therein will not apply.
If a class of REMIC Regular Certificates is issued at a price in excess of
the stated redemption price of such class (such excess, "Issue Premium"), the
net amount of interest deductions that are allowed the REMIC in each taxable
year with respect to the REMIC Regular Certificates of such class will be
reduced by an amount equal to the portion of the Issue Premium that is
considered to be amortized or repaid in that year. Although the matter is not
entirely certain, it is likely that Issue Premium would be amortized under a
constant yield method in a manner analogous to the method of accruing original
issue discount described above under "--Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular
Certificates -- Original Issue Discount."
As a general rule, the taxable income of the REMIC will be determined in
the same manner as if the REMIC were an individual having the calendar year as
its taxable year and using the accrual method of accounting. However, no item of
income, gain, loss or deduction allocable to a prohibited transaction will be
taken into account. See "--Prohibited Transactions and Other Possible REMIC
Taxes" below. Further, the limitation on miscellaneous itemized deductions
imposed on individuals by Section 67 of the Code (which allows such deductions
only to the extent they exceed in the aggregate two percent of the taxpayer's
adjusted gross income) will not be applied at the REMIC level so that the REMIC
will be allowed deductions for servicing, administrative and other non-interest
expenses in determining its taxable income. All such expenses will be allocated
as a separate item to the holders of REMIC Residual Certificates, subject to the
limitation of Section 67 of the Code. See "--Possible Pass-Through of
Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions" below. If the deductions allowed to the REMIC
exceed its gross income for a calendar quarter, such excess will be the net loss
for the REMIC for that calendar quarter.
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Basis Rules, Net Losses and Distributions. The adjusted basis of a REMIC
Residual Certificate will be equal to the amount paid for such REMIC Residual
Certificate, increased by amounts included in the income of the related
Certificateholder and decreased (but not below zero) by distributions made, and
by net losses allocated, to such Certificateholder.
A REMIC Residual Certificateholder is not allowed to take into account any
net loss for any calendar quarter to the extent such net loss exceeds such REMIC
Residual Certificateholder's adjusted basis in its REMIC Residual Certificate as
of the close of such calendar quarter (determined without regard to such net
loss). Any loss that is not currently deductible by reason of this limitation
may be carried forward indefinitely to future calendar quarters and, subject to
the same limitation, may be used only to offset income from the REMIC Residual
Certificate. The ability of holders of REMIC Residual Certificates to deduct net
losses may be subject to additional limitations under the Code, as to which such
Certificateholders should consult their tax advisors.
Any distribution on a REMIC Residual Certificate will be treated as a
non-taxable return of capital to the extent it does not exceed the holder's
adjusted basis in such REMIC Residual Certificate. To the extent a distribution
on a REMIC Residual Certificate exceeds such adjusted basis, it will be treated
as gain from the sale of such REMIC Residual Certificate. Holders of certain
REMIC Residual Certificates may be entitled to distributions early in the term
of the related REMIC under circumstances in which their bases in such REMIC
Residual Certificates will not be sufficiently large that such distributions
will be treated as nontaxable returns of capital. Their bases in such REMIC
Residual Certificates will initially equal the amount paid for such REMIC
Residual Certificates and will be increased by their allocable shares of taxable
income of the Trust Fund. However, such basis increases may not occur until the
end of the calendar quarter, or perhaps the end of the calendar year, with
respect to which such REMIC taxable income is allocated to the holders of REMIC
Residual Certificates. To the extent such Certificateholders' initial bases are
less than the distributions to such REMIC Residual Certificateholders, and
increases in such initial bases either occur after such distributions or
(together with their initial bases) are less than the amount of such
distributions, gain will be recognized to such Certificateholders on such
distributions and will be treated as gain from the sale of their REMIC Residual
Certificates.
The effect of these rules is that a Certificateholder may not amortize its
basis in a REMIC Residual Certificate, but may only recover its basis through
distributions, through the deduction of its share of any net losses of the REMIC
or upon the sale of its REMIC Residual Certificate. See "--Sales of REMIC
Certificates" below. For a discussion of possible modifications of these rules
that may require adjustments to income of a holder of a REMIC Residual
Certificate other than an original holder in order to reflect any difference
between the cost of such REMIC Residual Certificate to such holder and the
adjusted basis such REMIC Residual Certificate would have had in the hands of
the original holder, see "--General" above.
Excess Inclusions. Any "excess inclusions" with respect to a REMIC Residual
Certificate will be subject
to United States federal income tax in all events.
In general, the "excess inclusions" with respect to a REMIC Residual
Certificate for any calendar quarter will be the excess, if any, of (i) the sum
of the daily portions of REMIC taxable income allocable to such REMIC Residual
Certificate over (ii) the sum of the "daily accruals" (as defined herein) for
each day during such quarter that such REMIC Residual Certificate was held by
such REMIC Residual Certificateholder. The daily accruals of a REMIC Residual
Certificateholder will be determined by allocating to each day during a calendar
quarter its ratable portion of the product of the "adjusted issue price" of the
REMIC Residual Certificate at the beginning of the calendar quarter and 120% of
the "long-term federal rate" in effect on the Closing Date. For this purpose,
the adjusted issue price of a REMIC Residual Certificate as of the beginning of
any calendar quarter will be equal to the issue price of the REMIC Residual
Certificate, increased by the sum of the daily accruals for all prior quarters
and decreased (but not below zero) by any distributions made with respect to
such REMIC Residual Certificate before the beginning of such quarter. The issue
price of a REMIC Residual Certificate is the initial offering price to the
public (excluding bond houses, brokers and underwriters) at which a substantial
amount of the REMIC Residual Certificates were sold. If less than a substantial
amount of a particular class of REMIC Residual Certificates is sold for cash on
or prior to the Closing Date, the issue price of such class will be treated as
the fair
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market value of such class on the Closing Date. The "long-term federal rate" is
an average of current yields on Treasury securities with a remaining term of
greater than nine years, computed and published monthly by the IRS.
For REMIC Residual Certificateholders, an excess inclusion (i) will not be
permitted to be offset by deductions, losses or loss carryovers from other
activities, (ii) will be treated as "unrelated business taxable income" to an
otherwise tax-exempt organization and (iii) will not be eligible for any rate
reduction or exemption under any applicable tax treaty with respect to the 30%
United States withholding tax imposed on distributions to REMIC Residual
Certificateholders that are foreign investors. See, however, "--Foreign
Investors in REMIC Certificates" below. Furthermore, for purposes of the
alternative minimum tax, (i) excess inclusions will not be permitted to be
offset by the alternative tax net operating loss deduction and (ii) alternative
minimum taxable income may not be less than the taxpayer's excess inclusions;
provided, however, that for purposes of (ii), alternative minimum taxable income
is determined without regard to the special rule that taxable income cannot be
less than excess inclusions. The latter rule has the effect of preventing
nonrefundable tax credits from reducing the taxpayer's income tax to an amount
lower than the alternative minimum tax on excess inclusions.
In the case of any REMIC Residual Certificates held by a real estate
investment trust, the aggregate excess inclusions with respect to such REMIC
Residual Certificates, reduced (but not below zero) by the real estate
investment trust taxable income (within the meaning of Section 857(b)(2) of the
Code, excluding any net capital gain), will be allocated among the shareholders
of such trust in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders from
such trust, and any amount so allocated will be treated as an excess inclusion
with respect to a REMIC Residual Certificate as if held directly by such
shareholder. Treasury regulations yet to be issued could apply a similar rule to
regulated investment companies, common trust funds and certain cooperatives; the
REMIC Regulations currently do not address this subject.
Noneconomic REMIC Residual Certificates. Under the REMIC Regulations,
transfers of "noneconomic" REMIC Residual Certificates will be disregarded for
all federal income tax purposes if "a significant purpose of the transfer was to
enable the transferor to impede the assessment or collection of tax." If such
transfer is disregarded, the purported transferor will continue to remain liable
for any taxes due with respect to the income on such "noneconomic" REMIC
Residual Certificate. The REMIC Regulations provide that a REMIC Residual
Certificate is noneconomic unless, based on the Prepayment Assumption and on any
required or permitted clean up calls, or required qualified liquidation provided
for in the REMIC's organizational documents, (1) the present value of the
expected future distributions (discounted using the "applicable federal rate"
for obligations whose term ends on the close of the last quarter in which excess
inclusions are expected to accrue with respect to the REMIC Residual
Certificate, which rate is computed and published monthly by the IRS) on the
REMIC Residual Certificate equals at least the present value of the expected tax
on the anticipated excess inclusions, and (2) the transferor reasonably expects
that the transferee will receive distributions with respect to the REMIC
Residual Certificate at or after the time the taxes accrue on the anticipated
excess inclusions in an amount sufficient to satisfy the accrued taxes.
Accordingly, all transfers of REMIC Residual Certificates that may constitute
noneconomic residual interests will be subject to certain restrictions under the
terms of the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement that are
intended to reduce the possibility of any such transfer being disregarded. Such
restrictions will require each party to a transfer to provide an affidavit that
no purpose of such transfer is to impede the assessment or collection of tax,
including certain representations as to the financial condition of the
prospective transferee, as to which the transferor also is required to make a
reasonable investigation to determine such transferee's historic payment of its
debts and ability to continue to pay its debts as they come due in the future.
Prior to purchasing a REMIC Residual Certificate, prospective purchasers should
consider the possibility that a purported transfer of such REMIC Residual
Certificate by such a purchaser to another purchaser at some future date may be
disregarded in accordance with the above-described rules which would result in
the retention of tax liability by such purchaser.
The related Prospectus Supplement will disclose whether offered REMIC
Residual Certificates may be considered "noneconomic" residual interests under
the REMIC Regulations. Any such disclosure that a REMIC Residual Certificate
will not be considered "noneconomic" will be based upon certain assumptions, and
the Company will make no representation that a REMIC Residual Certificate will
not be considered "noneconomic" for purposes of the above-described rules. See
"--Foreign Investors in REMIC Certificates" below for additional restrictions
applicable to transfers of certain REMIC Residual Certificates to foreign
persons.
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Mark-to-Market Rules. On December 24, 1996, the IRS released final
regulations (the "Mark-to-Market Regulations") relating to the requirement that
a securities dealer mark to market securities held for sale to customers. This
mark-to-market requirement applies to all securities owned by a dealer, except
to the extent that the dealer has specifically identified a security as held for
investment. The Mark-to-Market Regulations provide that for purposes of this
mark-to-market requirement, a REMIC Residual Certificate acquired on or after
January 4, 1995 is not treated as a security and thus may not be marked to
market. Prospective purchasers of a REMIC Residual Certificate should consult
their tax advisors regarding the possible application of the mark-to-market
requirement to REMIC Residual Certificates.
Possible Pass-Through of Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions. Fees and
expenses of a REMIC generally will be allocated to the holders of the related
REMIC Residual Certificates. The applicable Treasury regulations indicate,
however, that in the case of a REMIC that is similar to a single class grantor
trust, all or a portion of such fees and expenses should be allocated to the
holders of the related REMIC Regular Certificates. Unless otherwise stated in
the related Prospectus Supplement, such fees and expenses will be allocated to
holders of the related REMIC Residual Certificates in their entirety and not to
the holders of the related REMIC Regular Certificates.
With respect to REMIC Residual Certificates or REMIC Regular Certificates
the holders of which receive an allocation of fees and expenses in accordance
with the preceding discussion, if any holder thereof is an individual, estate or
trust, or a "pass-through entity" beneficially owned by one or more individuals,
estates or trusts, (i) an amount equal to such individual's, estate's or trust's
share of such fees and expenses will be added to the gross income of such holder
and (ii) such individual's, estate's or trust's share of such fees and expenses
will be treated as a miscellaneous itemized deduction allowable subject to the
limitation of Section 67 of the Code, which permits such deductions only to the
extent they exceed in the aggregate two percent of a taxpayer's adjusted gross
income. In addition, Section 68 of the Code provides that the amount of itemized
deductions otherwise allowable for an individual whose adjusted gross income
exceeds a specified amount will be reduced by the lesser of (i) 3% of the excess
of the individual's adjusted gross income over such amount or (ii) 80% of the
amount of itemized deductions otherwise allowable for the taxable year. The
amount of additional taxable income reportable by REMIC Certificateholders that
are subject to the limitations of either Section 67 or Section 68 of the Code
may be substantial. Furthermore, in determining the alternative minimum taxable
income of such a holder of a REMIC Certificate that is an individual, estate or
trust, or a "pass-through entity" beneficially owned by one or more individuals,
estates or trusts, no deduction will be allowed for such holder's allocable
portion of servicing fees and other miscellaneous itemized deductions of the
REMIC, even though an amount equal to the amount of such fees and other
deductions will be included in such holder's gross income. Accordingly, such
REMIC Certificates may not be appropriate investments for individuals, estates,
or trusts, or pass-through entities beneficially owned by one or more
individuals, estates or trusts. Such prospective investors should consult with
their tax advisors prior to making an investment in such Certificates.
Sales of REMIC Certificates
If a REMIC Certificate is sold, the selling Certificateholder will
recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on
the sale and its adjusted basis in the REMIC Certificate. The adjusted basis of
a REMIC Regular Certificate generally will equal the cost of such REMIC Regular
Certificate to such Certificateholder, increased by income reported by such
Certificateholder with respect to such REMIC Regular Certificate (including
original issue discount and market discount income) and reduced (but not below
zero) by distributions on such REMIC Regular Certificate received by such
Certificateholder and by any amortized premium. The adjusted basis of a REMIC
Residual Certificate will be determined as described under "--Taxation of Owners
of REMIC Residual Certificates -- Basis Rules, Net Losses and Distributions"
above. Except as described below, any such gain or loss generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Gain from the sale of a REMIC Regular Certificate that might otherwise be
capital gain will be treated as ordinary income to the extent such gain does not
exceed the excess, if any, of (i) the amount that would have been includible in
the seller's income with respect to such REMIC Regular Certificate had income
accrued thereon at a rate equal to 110% of the "applicable federal rate"
(generally, a rate based on an average of current yields on Treasury securities
having a maturity comparable to that of the Certificate, which rate is computed
and published
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monthly by the IRS), determined as of the date of purchase of such REMIC Regular
Certificate, over (ii) the amount of ordinary income actually includible in the
seller's income prior to such sale. In addition, gain recognized on the sale of
a REMIC Regular Certificate by a seller who purchased such REMIC Regular
Certificate at a market discount will be taxable as ordinary income to the
extent of any accrued and previously unrecognized market discount that accrued
during the period the Certificate was held. See "--Taxation of Owners of REMIC
Regular Certificates -- Market Discount" above.
REMIC Certificates will be "evidences of indebtedness" within the meaning
of Section 582(c)(1) of the Code, so that gain or loss recognized from the sale
of a REMIC Certificate by a bank or thrift institution to which such section
applies will be ordinary income or loss.
A portion of any gain from the sale of a REMIC Regular Certificate that
might otherwise be capital gain may be treated as ordinary income to the extent
that such Certificate is held as part of a "conversion transaction" within the
meaning of Section 1258 of the Code. A conversion transaction generally is one
in which the taxpayer has taken two or more positions in Certificates or similar
property that reduce or eliminate market risk, if substantially all of the
taxpayer's return is attributable to the time value of the taxpayer's net
investment in such transaction. The amount of gain so realized in a conversion
transaction that is recharacterized as ordinary income generally will not exceed
the amount of interest that would have accrued on the taxpayer's net investment
at 120% of the appropriate "applicable federal rate" (which rate is computed and
published monthly by the IRS) at the time the taxpayer enters into the
conversion transaction, subject to appropriate reduction for prior inclusion of
interest and other ordinary income items from the transaction.
Finally, a taxpayer may elect to have net capital gain taxed at ordinary
income rates rather than capital gains rates in order to include such net
capital gain in total net investment income for the taxable year, for purposes
of the limitation on the deduction of interest on indebtedness incurred to
purchase or carry property held for investment to a taxpayer's net investment
income.
Except as may be provided in Treasury regulations yet to be issued, if the
seller of a REMIC Residual Certificate reacquires the Certificate, any other
residual interest in a REMIC or any similar interest in a "taxable mortgage
pool" (as defined in Section 7701(i) of the Code) within six months of the date
of such sale, the sale will be subject to the "wash sale" rules of Section 1091
of the Code. In that event, any loss realized by the REMIC Residual
Certificateholder on the sale will not be deductible, but instead will be added
to such REMIC Residual Certificateholder's adjusted basis in the newly-acquired
asset.
Prohibited Transactions and Other Possible REMIC Taxes
The Code imposes a tax on REMICs equal to 100% of the net income derived
from "prohibited transactions" (the "Prohibited Transactions Tax"). In general,
subject to certain specified exceptions a prohibited transaction means the
disposition of an item of Mortgage Collateral, the receipt of income from a
source other than an item of Mortgage Collateral or certain other permitted
investments, the receipt of compensation for services, or gain from the
disposition of an asset purchased with the payments on the Mortgage Collateral
for temporary investment pending distribution on the REMIC Certificates. It is
not anticipated that any REMIC will engage in any prohibited transactions in
which it would recognize a material amount of net income.
In addition, certain contributions to a REMIC made after the day on which
the REMIC issues all of its interests could result in the imposition of a tax on
the REMIC equal to 100% of the value of the contributed property (the
"Contributions Tax"). Each Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement
will include provisions designed to prevent the acceptance of any contributions
that would be subject to such tax.
REMICs also are subject to federal income tax at the highest corporate
rate on "net income from foreclosure property," determined by reference to the
rules applicable to real estate investment trusts. "Net income from foreclosure
property" generally means gain from the sale of a foreclosure property that is
inventory property and gross income from foreclosure property other than
qualifying rents and other qualifying income for a real estate
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investment trust. Unless otherwise disclosed in the related Prospectus
Supplement, it is not anticipated that any REMIC will recognize "net income from
foreclosure property" subject to federal income tax.
Unless otherwise disclosed in the related Prospectus Supplement, it is not
anticipated that any material state or local income or franchise tax will be
imposed on any REMIC.
Unless otherwise stated in the related Prospectus Supplement, and to the
extent permitted by then applicable laws, any Prohibited Transactions Tax,
Contributions Tax, tax on "net income from foreclosure property" or state or
local income or franchise tax that may be imposed on the REMIC will be borne by
the related Master Servicer, the Certificate Administrator or the Trustee in
either case out of its own funds, provided that the Master Servicer, the
Certificate Administrator or the Trustee, as the case may be, has sufficient
assets to do so, and provided further that such tax arises out of a breach of
the Master Servicer's, the Certificate Administrator's or the Trustee's
obligations, as the case may be, under the related Pooling and Servicing
Agreement or Trust Agreement and in respect of compliance with applicable laws
and regulations. Any such tax not borne by the Master Servicer, the Certificate
Administrator or the Trustee will be payable out of the related Trust Fund
resulting in a reduction in amounts payable to holders of the related REMIC
Certificates.
Tax and Restrictions on Transfers of REMIC Residual Certificates to Certain
Organizations
If a REMIC Residual Certificate is transferred to a "disqualified
organization" (as defined below), a tax would be imposed in an amount
(determined under the REMIC Regulations) equal to the product of (i) the present
value (discounted using the "applicable federal rate" for obligations whose term
ends on the close of the last quarter in which excess inclusions are expected to
accrue with respect to the Certificate, which rate is computed and published
monthly by the IRS) of the total anticipated excess inclusions with respect to
such REMIC Residual Certificate for periods after the transfer and (ii) the
highest marginal federal income tax rate applicable to corporations. The
anticipated excess inclusions must be determined as of the date that the REMIC
Residual Certificate is transferred and must be based on events that have
occurred up to the time of such transfer, the Prepayment Assumption and any
required or permitted clean up calls or required liquidation provided for in the
REMIC's organizational documents. Such a tax generally would be imposed on the
transferor of the REMIC Residual Certificate, except that where such transfer is
through an agent for a disqualified organization, the tax would instead be
imposed on such agent. However, a transferor of a REMIC Residual Certificate
would in no event be liable for such tax with respect to a transfer if the
transferee furnishes to the transferor an affidavit that the transferee is not a
disqualified organization and, as of the time of the transfer, the transferor
does not have actual knowledge that such affidavit is false. Moreover, an entity
will not qualify as a REMIC unless there are reasonable arrangements designed to
ensure that (i) residual interests in such entity are not held by disqualified
organizations and (ii) information necessary for the application of the tax
described herein will be made available. Restrictions on the transfer of REMIC
Residual Certificates and certain other provisions that are intended to meet
this requirement will be included in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement or
Trust Agreement, including provisions (a) requiring any transferee of a REMIC
Residual Certificate to provide an affidavit representing that it is not a
"disqualified organization" and is not acquiring the REMIC Residual Certificate
on behalf of a "disqualified organization," undertaking to maintain such status
and agreeing to obtain a similar affidavit from any person to whom it shall
transfer the REMIC Residual Certificate, (b) providing that any transfer of a
REMIC Residual Certificate to a "disqualified person" shall be null and void and
(c) granting to the Master Servicer or Certificate Administrator, as applicable,
the right, without notice to the holder or any prior holder, to sell to a
purchaser of its choice any REMIC Residual Certificate that shall become owned
by a "disqualified organization" despite (a) and (b) above.
In addition, if a "pass-through entity" (as defined below) includes in
income excess inclusions with respect to a REMIC Residual Certificate, and a
disqualified organization is the record holder of an interest in such entity,
then a tax will be imposed on such entity equal to the product of (i) the amount
of excess inclusions on the REMIC Residual Certificate that are allocable to the
interest in the pass-through entity held by such disqualified organization and
(ii) the highest marginal federal income tax rate imposed on corporations. A
pass-through entity will not be subject to this tax for any period, however, if
each record holder of an interest in such pass-through entity furnishes to such
pass-through entity (i) such holder's social security number and a statement
under penalties of perjury that
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such social security number is that of the record holder or (ii) a statement
under penalties of perjury that such record holder is not a disqualified
organization. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997,
notwithstanding the preceding two sentences, in the case of a REMIC Residual
Certificate held by an "electing large partnership," all interests in such
partnership shall be treated as held by disqualified organizations (without
regard to whether the record holders of the partnership furnish statements
described in the preceding sentence) and the amount that is subject to tax under
the second preceding sentence is excluded from the gross income of the
partnership allocated to the partners (in lieu of allocating to the partners a
deduction for such tax paid by the partners).
For these purposes, a "disqualified organization" means (i) the United
States, any State or political subdivision thereof, any foreign government, any
international organization, or any agency or instrumentality of the foregoing
(but would not include instrumentalities described in Section 168(h)(2)(D) of
the Code or Freddie Mac), (ii) any organization (other than a cooperative
described in Section 521 of the Code) that is exempt from federal income tax,
unless it is subject to the tax imposed by Section 511 of the Code or (iii) any
organization described in Section 1381(a)(2)(C) of the Code. For these purposes,
a "pass-through entity" means any regulated investment company, real estate
investment trust, trust, partnership or certain other entities described in
Section 860E(e)(6) of the Code. In addition, a person holding an interest in a
pass-through entity as a nominee for another person will, with respect to such
interest, be treated as a pass-through entity.
Termination
A REMIC will terminate immediately after the Distribution Date following
receipt by the REMIC of the final payment in respect of the Mortgage Collateral
or upon a sale of the REMIC's assets following the adoption by the REMIC of a
plan of complete liquidation. The last distribution on a REMIC Regular
Certificate will be treated as a payment in retirement of a debt instrument. In
the case of a REMIC Residual Certificate, if the last distribution on such REMIC
Residual Certificate is less than the Certificateholder's adjusted basis in such
Certificate, such Certificateholder should be treated as realizing a loss equal
to the amount of such difference, and such loss may be treated as a capital
loss.
Reporting and Other Administrative Matters
Solely for purposes of the administrative provisions of the Code, the
REMIC will be treated as a partnership and holders of REMIC Residual
Certificates will be treated as partners. Unless otherwise stated in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as
applicable, will file REMIC federal income tax returns on behalf of the related
REMIC and will be designated as and will act as the "tax matters person" for the
REMIC in all respects, and may hold a nominal amount of REMIC Residual
Certificates.
As the tax matters person, the Master Servicer or the Certificate
Administrator, as applicable, subject to certain notice requirements and various
restrictions and limitations, generally will have the authority to act on behalf
of the REMIC and the holders of REMIC Residual Certificates in connection with
the administrative and judicial review of items of income, deduction, gain or
loss of the REMIC, as well as the REMIC's classification. Holders of REMIC
Residual Certificates generally will be required to report such REMIC items
consistently with their treatment on the related REMIC's tax return and may in
some circumstances be bound by a settlement agreement between the Master
Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as applicable, as tax matters person,
and the IRS concerning any such REMIC item. Adjustments made to the REMIC tax
return may require a holder of a REMIC Residual Certificate to make
corresponding adjustments on its return, and an audit of the REMIC's tax return,
or the adjustments resulting from such an audit, could result in an audit of
such Certificateholder's return. No REMIC will be registered as a tax shelter
pursuant to Section 6111 of the Code because it is not anticipated that any
REMIC will have a net loss for any of the first five taxable years of its
existence. Any person that holds a REMIC Residual Certificate as a nominee for
another person may be required to furnish to the related REMIC, in a manner to
be provided in Treasury regulations, the name and address of such person and
other information.
Reporting of interest income, including any original issue discount, with
respect to REMIC Regular Certificates is required annually, and may be required
more frequently under Treasury regulations. These information reports generally
are required to be sent to individual holders of REMIC Regular Interests and the
IRS;
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holders of REMIC Regular Certificates that are corporations, trusts, securities
dealers and certain other non-individuals will be provided interest and original
issue discount income information and the information set forth in the following
paragraph upon request in accordance with the requirements of the applicable
regulations. The information must be provided by the later of 30 days after the
end of the quarter for which the information was requested, or two weeks after
the receipt of the request. The REMIC must also comply with rules requiring a
REMIC Regular Certificate issued with original issue discount to disclose on its
face certain information including the amount of original issue discount and the
issue date, and requiring such information to be reported to the IRS. Reporting
with respect to the REMIC Residual Certificates, including income, excess
inclusions, investment expenses and relevant information regarding qualification
of the REMIC's assets will be made as required under the Treasury regulations,
generally on a quarterly basis.
As applicable, the REMIC Regular Certificate information reports will
include a statement of the adjusted issue price of the REMIC Regular Certificate
at the beginning of each accrual period. In addition, the reports will include
information required by regulations with respect to computing the accrual of any
market discount. Because exact computation of the accrual of market discount on
a constant yield method requires information relating to the holder's purchase
price that the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator will not have,
such regulations only require that information pertaining to the appropriate
proportionate method of accruing market discount be provided.
See "--Taxation of Owners of REMIC Regular Certificates -- Market Discount."
The responsibility for complying with the foregoing reporting rules will
be borne by the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator.
Certificateholders may request any information with respect to the returns
described in Section 1.6049-7(e)(2) of the Treasury regulations. Such request
should be directed to the Master Servicer or the Certificate Administrator, as
applicable, at Residential Funding Corporation, 8400 Normandale Lake Boulevard,
Suite 600, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55437.
Backup Withholding with Respect to REMIC Certificates
Payments of interest and principal, as well as payments of proceeds from
the sale of REMIC Certificates, may be subject to the "backup withholding tax"
under Section 3406 of the Code at a rate of 31% if recipients of such payments
fail to furnish to the payor certain information, including their taxpayer
identification numbers, or otherwise fail to establish an exemption from such
tax. Any amounts deducted and withheld from a distribution to a recipient would
be allowed as a credit against such recipient's federal income tax. Furthermore,
certain penalties may be imposed by the IRS on a recipient of payments that is
required to supply information but that does not do so in the proper manner.
Foreign Investors in REMIC Certificates
A REMIC Regular Certificateholder that is not a "United States person" and
is not subject to federal income tax as a result of any direct or indirect
connection to the United States in addition to its ownership of a REMIC Regular
Certificate will not be subject to United States federal income or withholding
tax in respect of a distribution on a REMIC Regular Certificate, provided that
the holder complies to the extent necessary with certain identification
requirements (including delivery of a statement, signed by the Certificateholder
under penalties of perjury, certifying that such Certificateholder is not a
United States person and providing the name and address of such
Certificateholder). For these purposes, "United States person" means a citizen
or resident of the United States, a corporation, partnership or other entity
created or organized in, or under the laws of, the United States or any
political subdivision thereof (except in the case of a Partnership, to the
extent provided in the Regulations), or an estate whose income is subject to
United States federal income tax regardless of its source, or a trust if a court
within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the
administration of the trust and one or more United States fiduciaries have the
authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust. To the extent
prescribed in regulations by the Secretary of the Treasury, which regulations
have not yet been issued, a trust which was in existence on August 20, 1996
(other than a trust treated as owned by the grantor under subpart E of part I of
subchapter J of chapter 1 of the Code), and which was treated as a United States
person on August 19, 1996, may elect to continue to be treated as a United
States person notwithstanding the previous sentence. It is possible that
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the IRS may assert that the foregoing tax exemption should not apply with
respect to a REMIC Regular Certificate held by a Certificateholder that owns
directly or indirectly a 10% or greater interest in the REMIC Residual
Certificates. If the holder does not qualify for exemption, distributions of
interest, including distributions in respect of accrued original issue discount,
to such holder may be subject to a tax rate of 30%, subject to reduction under
any applicable tax treaty.
In addition, the foregoing rules will not apply to exempt a United States
shareholder of a controlled foreign corporation from taxation on such United
States shareholder's allocable portion of the interest income received by such
controlled foreign corporation.
Further, it appears that a REMIC Regular Certificate would not be included
in the estate of a non-resident alien individual and would not be subject to
United States estate taxes. However, Certificateholders who are non-resident
alien individuals should consult their tax advisors concerning this question.
Unless otherwise stated in the related Prospectus Supplement, transfers of
REMIC Residual Certificates to investors that are not United States persons will
be prohibited under the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust
Agreement.
New Withholding Regulations
The Treasury Department has issued new regulations (the "New Regulations")
which make certain modifications to the withholding, backup withholding and
information reporting rules described above. The New Regulations attempt to
unify certification requirements and modify reliance standards. The New
Regulations will generally be effective for payments made after December 31,
1998, subject to certain transition rules. Prospective investors are urged to
consult their own tax advisors regarding the New Regulations.
STATE AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES
In addition to the United States federal income tax consequences described
in "United States Federal Income Tax Consequences," potential investors should
consider the state and local tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and
disposition of the Certificates offered. State tax law may differ substantially
from the corresponding federal tax law, and the discussion above does not
purport to describe any aspect of the tax laws of any state or other
jurisdiction. Therefore, prospective investors should consult their tax advisors
with respect to the various tax consequences of investments in the Certificates
offered hereby.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
Sections 404 and 406 of ERISA impose certain fiduciary and prohibited
transaction restrictions on employee pension and welfare benefit plans subject
to ERISA ("ERISA Plans") and on certain other retirement plans and arrangements,
including individual retirement accounts and annuities, Keogh plans, bank
collective investment funds and insurance company general and separate accounts
in which such ERISA Plans are invested. Section 4975 of the Code imposes
essentially the same prohibited transaction restrictions on tax-qualified
retirement plans described in Section 401(a) of the Code and on individual
retirement accounts described in Section 408 of the Code (collectively,
"Tax-Favored Plans").
Certain employee benefit plans, such as governmental plans (as defined in
Section 3(32) of ERISA) and, if no election has been made under Section 410(d)
of the Code, church plans (as defined in Section 3(33) of ERISA), are not
subject to the ERISA requirements discussed herein. Accordingly, assets of such
plans may be invested in Certificates without regard to the ERISA considerations
described below, subject to the provisions of applicable federal and state law.
Any such plan that is a tax-qualified plan and exempt from taxation under
Sections
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401(a) and 501(a) of the Code, however, is subject to the prohibited transaction
rules set forth in Section 503 of the Code.
In addition to imposing general fiduciary requirements, including those of
investment prudence and diversification and the requirement that a Plan's
investment be made in accordance with the documents governing the Plan, Section
406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code prohibit a broad range of transactions
involving "plan assets" of ERISA Plans and Tax-Favored Plans (collectively,
"Plans") and persons ("Parties in Interest" under ERISA or "Disqualified
Persons" under the Code, collectively, "Parties in Interest") who have certain
specified relationships to the Plans, unless a statutory or administrative
exemption is available. Certain Parties in Interest that participate in a
prohibited transaction may be subject to a penalty (or an excise tax) imposed
pursuant to Section 502(i) of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, unless a
statutory or administrative exemption is available with respect to any such
transaction.
Plan Asset Regulations
An investment of Plan Assets in Certificates may cause the underlying
Mortgage Loans, Contracts, Agency Securities or any other assets included in a
Trust Fund to be deemed "plan assets" of such Plan. The U.S. Department of Labor
(the "DOL") has promulgated regulations at 29 C.F.R. Section 2510.3-101 (the
"DOL Regulations") concerning whether or not a Plan's assets would be deemed to
include an interest in the underlying assets of an entity (such as a Trust Fund)
for purposes of applying the general fiduciary responsibility provisions of
ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the
Code, when a Plan acquires an "equity interest" (such as a Certificate) in such
entity. Because of the factual nature of certain of the rules set forth in the
DOL Regulations, Plan Assets either may be deemed to include an interest in the
assets of an entity (such as a Trust Fund) or may be deemed merely to include
its interest in the instrument evidencing such equity interest (such as a
Certificate). Therefore, neither Plans nor such entities should acquire or hold
Certificates in reliance upon the availability of any exception under the DOL
Regulations. For purposes of this section, the term "plan assets" ("Plan
Assets") or "assets of a Plan" has the meaning specified in the DOL Regulations
and includes an undivided interest in the underlying assets of certain entities
in which a Plan invests.
The prohibited transaction provisions of Section 406 of ERISA and Section
4975 of the Code may apply to a Trust Fund and cause the Company, the Master
Servicer, the Certificate Administrator, any Servicer, any Sub-Servicer, the
Trustee, the obligor under any credit enhancement mechanism or certain
affiliates thereof to be considered or become Parties in Interest with respect
to an investing Plan (or of a Plan holding an interest in such an entity). If
so, the acquisition or holding of Certificates by or on behalf of the investing
Plan could also give rise to a prohibited transaction under ERISA and/or Section
4975 of the Code, unless some statutory or administrative exemption is
available. Certificates acquired by a Plan would be assets of that Plan. Under
the DOL Regulations, a Trust Fund, including the Mortgage Loans, Contracts,
Agency Securities or any other assets held in such Trust Fund, may also be
deemed to be assets of each Plan that acquires Certificates. Special caution
should be exercised before Plan Assets are used to acquire a Certificate in such
circumstances, especially if, with respect to such assets, the Company, the
Master Servicer, the Certificate Administrator, any Servicer, any Sub-Servicer,
the Trustee, the obligor under any credit enhancement mechanism or an affiliate
thereof either (i) has investment discretion with respect to the investment of
Plan Assets; or (ii) has authority or responsibility to give (or regularly
gives) investment advice with respect to Plan Assets for a fee pursuant to an
agreement or understanding that such advice will serve as a primary basis for
investment decisions with respect to such Plan Assets.
Any person who has discretionary authority or control respecting the
management or disposition of Plan Assets, and any person who provides investment
advice with respect to such Plan Assets for a fee (in the manner described
above), is a fiduciary of the investing Plan. If the Mortgage Loans, Contracts,
Agency Securities or any other assets in a Trust Fund were to constitute Plan
Assets, then any party exercising management or discretionary control with
respect to those Plan Assets may be deemed to be a Plan "fiduciary," and thus
subject to the fiduciary requirements of ERISA and the prohibited transaction
provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code with respect to any investing
Plan. In addition, if the Mortgage Loans, Contracts, Agency Securities or any
other assets in a Trust Fund were to constitute Plan Assets, then the
acquisition or holding of Certificates by, or on behalf of
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a Plan or with Plan Assets, as well as the operation of such Trust Fund, may
constitute or involve a prohibited transaction under ERISA and the Code.
Prohibited Transaction Exemption
The DOL issued an individual exemption, Prohibited Transaction Exemption
("PTE") 94-29, (59 Fed. Reg. 14,674, March 29, 1994), as amended by PTE 97-34,
62 Fed.Reg. 39021 (July 21, 1997) (the "Exemption"), to Residential Funding and
certain of its affiliates, which generally exempts from the application of the
prohibited transaction provisions of Section 406 of ERISA, and the excise taxes
imposed on such prohibited transactions pursuant to Section 4975(a) and (b) of
the Code, certain transactions, among others, relating to the servicing and
operation of pools of certain secured obligations, such as Mortgage Loans,
Contracts or Agency Securities, which are held in a trust and the purchase, sale
and holding of pass-through certificates issued by such a trust as to which (i)
the Company or any of its affiliates is the sponsor if any entity which has
received from the DOL an individual prohibited transaction exemption which is
similar to the Exemption is the sole underwriter, or manager or co-manager of
the underwriting syndicate or a seller or placement agent, or (ii) the Company
or an affiliate is the underwriter, provided that certain conditions set forth
in the Exemption are satisfied. For purposes of this section, the term
"Underwriter" shall include (a) the Company and certain of its affiliates, (b)
any person directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries,
controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Company and certain
of its affiliates, (c) any member of the underwriting syndicate or selling group
of which a person described in (a) or (b) is a manager or co-manager with
respect to a class of Certificates, or (d) any entity which has received an
exemption from the DOL relating to Certificates which is similar to the
Exemption.
The Exemption sets forth six general conditions which must be satisfied
for a transaction involving the purchase, sale and holding of Certificates to be
eligible for exemptive relief thereunder. First, the acquisition of Certificates
by a Plan or with Plan Assets must be on terms that are at least as favorable to
the Plan as they would be in an arm's-length transaction with an unrelated
party. Second, the Exemption only applies to Certificates evidencing rights and
interests that are not subordinated to the rights and interests evidenced by the
other Certificates of the same trust. Third, the Certificates at the time of
acquisition by a Plan or with Plan Assets must be rated in one of the three
highest generic rating categories by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, Moody's
Investors Service, Inc., Duff & Phelps Credit Rating Co. or Fitch IBCA, Inc.
(collectively, the "Exemption Rating Agencies"). Fourth, the Trustee cannot be
an affiliate of any other member of the "Restricted Group" which consists of any
Underwriter, the Company, the Master Servicer, the Certificate Administrator,
any Servicer, any Sub-Servicer, the Trustee and any mortgagor with respect to
assets of a Trust Fund constituting more than 5% of the aggregate unamortized
principal balance of the assets in the related Trust Fund as of the date of
initial issuance of the Certificates. Fifth, the sum of all payments made to and
retained by the underwriters must represent not more than reasonable
compensation for underwriting the Certificates; the sum of all payments made to
and retained by the Company pursuant to the assignment of the assets to the
related Trust Fund must represent not more than the fair market value of such
obligations; and the sum of all payments made to and retained by the Master
Servicer, the Certificate Administrator, any Servicer or any Sub-Servicer must
represent not more than reasonable compensation for such person's services under
the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement and reimbursement
of such person's reasonable expenses in connection therewith. Sixth, the
Exemption states that the investing Plan or Plan Asset investor must be an
accredited investor as defined in Rule 501(a)(1) of Regulation D of the
Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. In addition, except as
otherwise specified in the respective Prospectus Supplement, the exemptive
relief afforded by the Exemption may not apply to any Certificates where the
related Trust Fund contains a Swap or Mexico Mortgage Loans.
The Exemption also requires that each Trust Fund meet the following
requirements: (i) the Trust Fund must consist solely of assets of the type that
have been included in other investment pools; (ii) certificates evidencing
interests in such other investment pools must have been rated in one of the
three highest categories of one of the Exemption Rating Agencies for at least
one year prior to the acquisition of Certificates by or on behalf of a Plan or
with Plan Assets; and (iii) certificates in such other investment pools must
have been purchased by investors other than Plans for at least one year prior to
any acquisition of Certificates by or on behalf of a Plan or with Plan Assets.
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A fiduciary or other investor of Plan Assets contemplating purchasing a
Certificate must make its own determination that the general conditions set
forth above will be satisfied with respect to such Certificate.
If the general conditions of the Exemption are satisfied, the Exemption
may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections 406(a) and
407(a) of ERISA, as well as the excise taxes imposed by Sections 4975(a) and (b)
of the Code by reason of Sections 4975(c)(1)(A) through (D) of the Code, in
connection with the direct or indirect sale, exchange, transfer, holding or the
direct or indirect acquisition or disposition in the secondary market of
Certificates by a Plan or with Plan Assets. However, no exemption is provided
from the restrictions of Sections 406(a)(1)(E) and 406(a)(2) of ERISA for the
acquisition or holding of a Certificate by a Plan or with Plan Assets of an
Excluded Plan by any person who has discretionary authority or renders
investment advice with respect to Plan Assets of such Excluded Plan. For
purposes of the Certificates, an "Excluded Plan" is a Plan sponsored by any
member of the Restricted Group.
If certain specific conditions of the Exemption are also satisfied, the
Exemption may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections
406(b)(1) and (b)(2) of ERISA, as well as the taxes imposed by Sections 4975(a)
and (b) of the Code by reason of Section 4975(c)(1)(E) of the Code, in
connection with (1) the direct or indirect sale, exchange or transfer of
Certificates in the initial issuance of Certificates between the Company or an
Underwriter and a Plan when the person who has discretionary authority or
renders investment advice with respect to the investment of the relevant Plan
Assets in the Certificates is (a) a mortgagor with respect to 5% or less of the
fair market value of the assets of a Trust Fund or (b) an affiliate of such a
person, (2) the direct or indirect acquisition or disposition in the secondary
market of Certificates by a Plan or with Plan Assets and (3) the holding of
Certificates by a Plan or with Plan Assets.
Additionally, if certain specific conditions of the Exemption are
satisfied, the Exemption may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed
by Sections 406(a), 406(b) and 407(a) of ERISA, as well as the taxes imposed by
Sections 4975(a) and (b) of the Code by reason of Section 4975(c) of the Code,
for transactions in connection with the servicing, management and operation of
the Mortgage Pools and Contract Pools. The Company expects that the specific
conditions of the Exemption required for this purpose will be satisfied with
respect to the Certificates so that the Exemption would provide an exemption
from the restrictions imposed by Sections 406(a) and (b) of ERISA, as well as
the excise taxes imposed by Sections 4975(a) and (b) of the Code by reason of
Section 4975(c) of the Code, for transactions in connection with the servicing,
management and operation of the Mortgage Pools and Contract Pools, provided that
the general conditions of the Exemption are satisfied.
The Exemption also may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed
by Sections 406(a) and 407(a) of ERISA, as well as the taxes imposed by Section
4975(a) and (b) of the Code by reason of Sections 4975(c)(1)(A) through (D) of
the Code, if such restrictions are deemed to otherwise apply merely because a
person is deemed to be a Party in Interest with respect to an investing Plan (or
the investing entity holding Plan Assets) by virtue of providing services to the
Plan (or by virtue of having certain specified relationships to such a person)
solely as a result of the Plan's ownership of Certificates.
Before purchasing a Certificate, a fiduciary or other investor of Plan
Assets should itself confirm (a) that the Certificates constitute "certificates"
for purposes of the Exemption and (b) that the specific and general conditions
set forth in the Exemption and the other requirements set forth in the Exemption
would be satisfied. In addition to making its own determination as to the
availability of the exemptive relief provided in the Exemption, the fiduciary or
other investor of Plan Assets should consider its general fiduciary obligations
under ERISA in determining whether to purchase any Certificates with Plan
Assets.
Any fiduciary or other investor of Plan Assets that proposes to purchase
Certificates on behalf of or with Plan Assets should consult with its counsel
with respect to the potential applicability of ERISA and the Code to such
investment and the availability of the Exemption or any other prohibited
transaction exemption in connection therewith. In particular, in connection with
a contemplated purchase of Certificates representing a beneficial ownership
interest in a pool of single-family residential first or second Mortgage Loans,
Contracts or Agency Certificates, such fiduciary or other Plan investor should
consider the availability of the Exemption or Prohibited Transaction Class
Exemption ("PTCE") 83-1 ("PTCE 83-1") for certain transactions involving
mortgage pool
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investment trusts. However, PTCE 83-1 does not provide exemptive relief with
respect to Certificates evidencing interests in Trust Funds that include
Mortgage Loans secured by third or more junior liens, Contracts or Cooperative
Loans. In addition, such fiduciary or other Plan investor should consider the
availability of other class exemptions granted by the DOL, which provide relief
from certain of the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and the related
excise tax provisions of Section 4975 of the Code, including Sections I and III
of PTCE 95-60, regarding transactions by insurance company general accounts. The
respective Prospectus Supplement may contain additional information regarding
the application of the Exemption, PTCE 83-1, PTCE 95-60 or other DOL class
exemptions with respect to the Certificates offered thereby. There can be no
assurance that any of these exemptions will apply with respect to any particular
Plan's or other Plan Asset investor's investment in the Certificates or, even if
an exemption were deemed to apply, that any exemption would apply to all
prohibited transactions that may occur in connection with such an investment.
Insurance Company General Accounts
In addition to any exemptive relief that may be available under PTCE 95-60
for the purchase and holding of the Certificates by an insurance company general
account, the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 added a new Section
401(c) to ERISA, which provides certain exemptive relief from the provisions of
Part 4 of Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code, including the
prohibited transaction restrictions imposed by ERISA and the related excise
taxes imposed by Section 4975 of the Code, for transactions involving an
insurance company general account. Pursuant to Section 401(c) of ERISA, the DOL
is required to issue final regulations (the "401(c) Regulations") no later than
December 31, 1997 which are to provide guidance for the purpose of determining,
in cases where insurance policies supported by an insurer's general account are
issued to or for the benefit of a Plan on or before December 31, 1998, which
general account assets constitute Plan Assets. Section 401(c) of ERISA generally
provides that, until the date which is 18 months after the 401(c) Regulations
become final, no person shall be subject to liability under Part 4 of Title I of
ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code on the basis of a claim that the assets of an
insurance company general account constitute Plan Assets, unless (i) as
otherwise provided by the Secretary of Labor in the 401(c) Regulations to
prevent avoidance of the regulations or (ii) an action is brought by the
Secretary of Labor for certain breaches of fiduciary duty which would also
constitute a violation of federal or state criminal law. Any assets of an
insurance company general account which support insurance policies issued to a
Plan after December 31, 1998 or issued to Plans on or before December 31, 1998
for which the insurance company does not comply with the 401(c) Regulations may
be treated as Plan Assets. In addition, because Section 401(c) does not relate
to insurance company separate accounts, separate account assets are still
treated as Plan Assets of any Plan invested in such separate account. Insurance
companies contemplating the investment of general account assets in the
Certificates should consult with their legal counsel with respect to the
applicability of Sections I and III of PTCE 95-60 and Section 401(c) of ERISA,
including the general account's ability to continue to hold the Certificates
after the date which is 18 months after the date the 401(c) Regulations become
final.
Representation from Investing Plans
The exemptive relief afforded by the Exemption will not apply to the
purchase, sale or holding of any class of Subordinate Certificates. To the
extent Certificates are Subordinate Certificates or the related Trust Fund
contains a Swap or Mexico Mortgage Loans, except as otherwise specified in the
respective Prospectus Supplement, transfers of such Certificates to a Plan, to a
trustee or other person acting on behalf of any Plan, or to any other person
using Plan Assets to effect such acquisition will not be registered by the
Trustee unless the transferee provides the Company, the Trustee and the Master
Servicer with an opinion of counsel satisfactory to the Company, the Trustee and
the Master Servicer, which opinion will not be at the expense of the Company,
the Trustee or the Master Servicer, that the purchase of such Certificates by or
on behalf of such Plan is permissible under applicable law, will not constitute
or result in any non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA or Section 4975
of the Code and will not subject the Company, the Trustee and the Master
Servicer to any obligation in addition to those undertaken in the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement. In lieu of such opinion of counsel, except as otherwise
specified in the respective Prospectus Supplement, the transferee may provide a
certification of facts substantially to the effect that the purchase of such
Certificates by or on behalf of such Plan is permissible under applicable law,
will not constitute or result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA
or Section 4975 of the Code, will not subject the Company, the Trustee or the
Master to any obligation in addition to those undertaken in the Pooling and
Servicing
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Agreement, and the following conditions are met: (a) the source of funds used to
purchase such Certificates is an "insurance company general account" (as such
term is defined in PTCE 95-60) and (b) the conditions set forth in Sections I
and III of PTCE 95-60 have been satisfied as of the date of the acquisition of
such Certificates.
Tax-Exempt Investors
A Plan that is exempt from federal income taxation pursuant to Section 501
of the Code (a "Tax-Exempt Investor") nonetheless will be subject to federal
income taxation to the extent that its income is "unrelated business taxable
income" ("UBTI") within the meaning of Section 512 of the Code. All "excess
inclusions" of a REMIC allocated to a REMIC Residual Certificate held by a
Tax-Exempt Investor will be considered UBTI and thus will be subject to federal
income tax. See "United States Federal Income Tax Consequences-Taxation of
Owners of REMIC Residual Certificates -- Excess Inclusions."
Consultation with Counsel
There can be no assurance that the Exemption or any other DOL exemption
will apply with respect to any particular Plan that acquires the Certificates
or, even if all the conditions specified therein were satisfied, that the
exemption would apply to transactions involving a Trust Fund. Prospective Plan
investors should consult with their legal counsel concerning the impact of ERISA
and the Code and the potential consequences to their specific circumstances
prior to making an investment in the Certificates.
Any fiduciary or other investor of Plan Assets that proposes to acquire or
hold Certificates on behalf of or with Plan Assets of any Plan should consult
with its counsel with respect to the potential applicability of the fiduciary
responsibility provisions of ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of
ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code to the proposed investment and the Exemption,
the availability of exemptive relief under the PTCE 83- 1, Sections I and III of
PTCE 95-60 or any other DOL class exemption.
LEGAL INVESTMENT MATTERS
Each class of Certificates offered hereby and by the related Prospectus
Supplement will be rated at the date of issuance in one of the four highest
rating categories by at least one Rating Agency. If so specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, certain classes that are, and continue to be, rated in
one of the two highest rating categories by at least one nationally recognized
statistical rating organization will constitute "mortgage related securities"
for purposes of SMMEA, and, as such, will be legal investments for persons,
trusts, corporations, partnerships, associations, business trusts and business
entities (including depository institutions, life insurance companies and
pension funds) created pursuant to or existing under the laws of the United
States or of any State whose authorized investments are subject to state
regulation to the same extent that, under applicable law, obligations issued by
or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the United States or any agency or
instrumentality thereof constitute legal investments for such entities. Under
SMMEA, if a State enacted legislation on or prior to October 3, 1991
specifically limiting the legal investment authority of any such entities with
respect to "mortgage related securities," such securities will constitute legal
investments for entities subject to such legislation only to the extent provided
therein. Certain States enacted legislation which overrides the preemption
provisions of SMMEA. SMMEA provides, however, that in no event will the
enactment of any such legislation affect the validity of any contractual
commitment to purchase, hold or invest in "mortgage related securities," or
require the sale or other disposition of such securities, so long as such
contractual commitment was made or such securities acquired prior to the
enactment of such legislation.
SMMEA also amended the legal investment authority of federally-chartered
depository institutions as follows: federal savings and loan associations and
federal savings banks may invest in, sell or otherwise deal with "mortgage
related securities" without limitation as to the percentage of their assets
represented thereby, federal credit unions may invest in such securities, and
national banks may purchase such securities for their own account without regard
to the limitations generally applicable to investment securities set forth in 12
U.S.C. ss. 24 (Seventh), subject in each case to such regulations as the
applicable federal regulatory authority may prescribe.
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The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council has issued a
supervisory policy statement (the "Policy Statement") applicable to all
depository institutions, setting forth guidelines for and significant
restrictions on investments in "high-risk mortgage securities." The Policy
Statement has been adopted by the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the
Comptroller of the Currency, the FDIC and the Office of Thrift Supervision (the
"OTS") with an effective date of February 10, 1992. The Policy Statement
generally indicates that a mortgage derivative product will be deemed to be high
risk if it exhibits greater price volatility than a standard fixed-rate
thirty-year mortgage security. According to the Policy Statement, prior to
purchase, a depository institution will be required to determine whether a
mortgage derivative product that it is considering acquiring is high-risk and,
if so, that the proposed acquisition would reduce the institution's overall
interest rate risk. Reliance on analysis and documentation obtained from a
securities dealer or other outside party without internal analysis by the
institution would be unacceptable. There can be no assurance as to which classes
of Certificates will be treated as high-risk under the Policy Statement.
The predecessor to the OTS issued a bulletin, entitled "Mortgage
Derivative Products and Mortgage Swaps," which is applicable to thrift
institutions regulated by the OTS. The bulletin established guidelines for the
investment by savings institutions in certain "high-risk" mortgage derivative
securities and limitations on the use of such securities by insolvent,
undercapitalized or otherwise "troubled" institutions. According to the
bulletin, such "high-risk" mortgage derivative securities include securities
having certain specified characteristics, which may include certain classes of
Certificates. In addition, the National Credit Union Administration has issued
regulations governing federal credit union investments which prohibit investment
in certain specified types of securities, which may include certain classes of
Certificates. Similar policy statements have been issued by regulators having
jurisdiction over other types of depository institutions.
Prospective investors in the Certificates, including in particular the
classes of Certificates that do not constitute "mortgage related securities" for
purposes of SMMEA, should consider the matters discussed in the following
paragraph.
There may be other restrictions on the ability of certain investors either
to purchase certain classes of Certificates or to purchase any class of
Certificates representing more than a specified percentage of the investors'
assets. The Company will make no representations as to the proper
characterization of any class of Certificates for legal investment or other
purposes, or as to the ability of particular investors to purchase any class of
Certificates under applicable legal investment restrictions. These uncertainties
may adversely affect the liquidity of any class of Certificates. Accordingly,
all investors whose investment activities are subject to legal investment laws
and regulations, regulatory capital requirements or review by regulatory
authorities should consult with their own legal advisors in determining whether
and to what extent the Certificates of any class constitute legal investments or
are subject to investment, capital or other restrictions, and, if applicable,
whether SMMEA has been overridden in any jurisdiction relevant to such investor.
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
substantially all of the net proceeds to be received from the sale of
Certificates will be applied by the Company to finance the purchase of, or to
repay short-term loans incurred to finance the purchase of, the Mortgage
Collateral underlying the Certificates or will be used by the Company for
general corporate purposes. The Company expects that it will make additional
sales of securities similar to the Certificates from time to time, but the
timing and amount of any such additional offerings will be dependent upon a
number of factors, including the volume of mortgage loans, contracts or mortgage
securities purchased by the Company, prevailing interest rates, availability of
funds and general market conditions.
METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION
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The Certificates offered hereby and by the related Prospectus Supplements
will be offered in series through one or more of the methods described below.
The Prospectus Supplement prepared for each series will describe the method of
offering being utilized for that series and will state the net proceeds to the
Company from such sale.
The Company intends that Certificates will be offered through the
following methods from time to time and that offerings may be made concurrently
through more than one of these methods or that an offering of a particular
series of Certificates may be made through a combination of two or more of these
methods. Such methods are as follows:
1. by negotiated firm commitment or best efforts underwriting and public
re-offering by underwriters;
2. by placements by the Company with institutional investors through
dealers; and
3. by direct placements by the Company with institutional investors.
In addition, if specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a series
of Certificates may be offered in whole or in part in exchange for the Mortgage
Collateral (and other assets, if applicable) that would comprise the Trust Fund
for such Certificates.
If underwriters are used in a sale of any Certificates (other than in
connection with an underwriting on a best efforts basis), such Certificates will
be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from
time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at
fixed public offering prices or at varying prices to be determined at the time
of sale or at the time of commitment therefor. Such underwriters may be
broker-dealers affiliated with the Company whose identities and relationships to
the Company will be as set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. The
managing underwriter or underwriters with respect to the offer and sale of a
particular series of Certificates will be set forth on the cover of the
Prospectus Supplement relating to such series and the members of the
underwriting syndicate, if any, will be named in such Prospectus Supplement.
In connection with the sale of the Certificates, underwriters may receive
compensation from the Company or from purchasers of the Certificates in the form
of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters and dealers participating
in the distribution of the Certificates may be deemed to be underwriters in
connection with such Certificates, and any discounts or commissions received by
them from the Company and any profit on the resale of Certificates by them may
be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended.
It is anticipated that the underwriting agreement pertaining to the sale
of any series of Certificates will provide that the obligations of the
underwriters will be subject to certain conditions precedent, that the
underwriters will be obligated to purchase all such Certificates if any are
purchased (other than in connection with an underwriting on a best efforts
basis) and that, in limited circumstances, the Company will indemnify the
several underwriters and the underwriters will indemnify the Company against
certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, or will contribute to payments required to be made in respect
thereof.
The Prospectus Supplement with respect to any series offered by placements
through dealers will contain information regarding the nature of such offering
and any agreements to be entered into between the Company and purchasers of
Certificates of such series.
The Company anticipates that the Certificates offered hereby will be sold
primarily to institutional investors or sophisticated non-institutional
investors. Purchasers of Certificates, including dealers, may, depending on the
facts and circumstances of such purchases, be deemed to be "underwriters" within
the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in connection with
reoffers and sales by them of Certificates. Holders of Certificates should
consult with their legal advisors in this regard prior to any such reoffer or
sale.
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LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters, including certain United States federal income tax
matters, will be passed upon for the Company by Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe
LLP, New York, New York, or by Thacher Proffitt & Wood, New York, New York, as
specified in the Prospectus Supplement.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The Company has determined that its financial statements are not material
to the offering made hereby. The Certificates do not represent an interest in or
an obligation of the Company. The Company's only obligations with respect to a
series of Certificates will be to repurchase certain items of Mortgage
Collateral upon any breach of certain limited representations and warranties
made by the Company, or as otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement.
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INDEX OF PRINCIPAL DEFINITIONS
Caption Page
401(c) Regulations.........................................................108
Accrual Certificates.........................................................8
Advance ................................................................44
Affiliated Seller...........................................................29
Agency Securities...........................................................11
Agency Securities Pool......................................................19
AlterNet Loans..............................................................20
AlterNet Mortgage Program...................................................20
AlterNet Program Seller.....................................................29
AlterNet Seller Guide.......................................................26
Appraised Value.............................................................27
ARM Loans ................................................................23
Balloon Amount..............................................................20
Balloon Loans...............................................................20
Bankruptcy Amount...........................................................53
Bankruptcy Losses...........................................................54
Beneficial Owner............................................................34
Bi-Weekly Loans.............................................................20
Book-Entry Certificates.....................................................33
Buy-Down Funds..............................................................24
Buy-Down Loans..............................................................20
Buy-Down Period.............................................................24
CEDEL ................................................................33
CEDEL Participants..........................................................34
CERCLA ................................................................87
Certificate Account.........................................................19
Certificate Insurance Policies..............................................58
Certificate Insurance Policy................................................58
Certificate Registrar.......................................................33
Certificateholder...........................................................33
Certificates.................................................................1
Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio................................................22
Commission .................................................................3
Committee Report............................................................91
Company .................................................................1
Compensating Interest.......................................................45
Conservation Act............................................................87
Contract Pool...............................................................11
Contract Pool Insurance Policy..............................................57
Contracts .................................................................1
Contributions Tax..........................................................101
Conventional Loans..........................................................20
Convertible Mortgage Loan...................................................23
Cooperative ................................................................35
Cooperative Dwellings.......................................................20
Cooperative Loans...........................................................10
Cooperative Note............................................................75
Cooperatives................................................................20
Counterparties..............................................................60
Crime Control Act...........................................................88
Custodial Account...........................................................19
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Custodian ................................................................19
Cut-off Date................................................................19
Debt Service Reduction......................................................58
Defaulted Mortgage Losses...................................................54
Deferred Interest...........................................................23
Deficient Valuation.........................................................58
Depositaries................................................................33
Determination Date..........................................................42
DIDMC ................................................................88
Direct Puerto Rico Mortgage.................................................36
Disqualified Persons.......................................................105
Distribution Amount.........................................................41
Distribution Date............................................................9
DOL ...............................................................105
DOL Regulations............................................................105
DTC ................................................................33
DTC Participants............................................................33
Due Date ................................................................42
Due Period ................................................................42
Eligible Account............................................................39
Endorsable Puerto Rico Mortgage.............................................36
ERISA ................................................................13
ERISA Plans ...............................................................105
Escrow Account..............................................................47
Euroclear ................................................................33
Euroclear Operator..........................................................35
Euroclear Participants......................................................35
Exchange Act.................................................................3
Excluded Plan..............................................................107
Exemption ...............................................................106
Exemption Rating Agencies..................................................107
Extraordinary Losses........................................................54
Fannie Mae ................................................................19
Fannie Mae Securities.......................................................19
FDIC ................................................................29
FHA ................................................................20
FHA Contracts...............................................................26
FHA Loans ................................................................20
Form 8-K ................................................................19
Fraud Loss Amount...........................................................53
Fraud Losses................................................................54
Freddie Mac ................................................................19
Freddie Mac Act.............................................................28
Freddie Mac Securities......................................................19
Funding Account.............................................................45
Garn-St Germain Act.........................................................82
Ginnie Mae ................................................................19
Ginnie Mae Securities.......................................................19
GPM Loans ................................................................20
Gross Margin................................................................23
High Cost Loans.............................................................82
Housing Act ................................................................27
HUD ................................................................20
Index ................................................................23
114
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Indirect Participants.......................................................33
Insurance Proceeds..........................................................38
International Borrowers.....................................................11
IRS ................................................................92
Issue Premium...............................................................97
Junior Mortgage Loans.......................................................16
Junior Mortgage Ratio.......................................................22
Lender's Beneficial Interest................................................21
Letter of Credit............................................................55
Letter of Credit Bank.......................................................55
LIBOR ................................................................60
Liquidated Contract.........................................................51
Liquidated Mortgage Loan....................................................51
Liquidation Proceeds........................................................38
Loan-to-Value Ratio.........................................................22
Manufactured Home...........................................................11
Master Commitments..........................................................29
Maximum Mortgage Rate.......................................................23
Mexican Properties..........................................................15
Mexican Property............................................................21
Mexican Trust...............................................................21
Mexican Trustee.............................................................21
Mexico Loan Agreement.......................................................20
Mexico Mortgage Loans.......................................................11
Mexico Trust Agreement......................................................21
Mezzanine Certificates.......................................................8
Minimum Mortgage Rate.......................................................23
Modified Mortgage Loan......................................................21
Mortgage Collateral..........................................................1
Mortgage Collateral Seller..................................................10
Mortgage Loans...............................................................1
Mortgage Note...............................................................36
Mortgage Pool...............................................................10
Mortgage Pool Insurance Policy..............................................55
Mortgage Rates..............................................................20
Mortgaged Property..........................................................11
Mortgages ................................................................20
Mortgagor's Beneficial Interest.............................................21
Mortgagors ................................................................11
Neg-Am ARM Loans............................................................23
Net Mortgage Rate...........................................................70
New Regulations............................................................105
Nonrecoverable Advance......................................................41
OID Regulations.............................................................89
OTS ...............................................................110
Overcollateralization.......................................................54
Participants................................................................33
Parties in Interest........................................................105
Pass-Through Rate............................................................8
Paying Agent................................................................41
Percentage Interest.........................................................41
Periodic Cap................................................................23
Permitted Investments.......................................................39
Plan Assets ...............................................................106
115
<PAGE>
Plans ...............................................................105
Policy Statement...........................................................110
Pool Insurer................................................................55
Pooling and Servicing Agreement..............................................1
Prepayment Interest Shortfall...............................................44
Primary Insurance Policy....................................................61
Primary Insurer.............................................................62
Principal Prepayments.......................................................43
Prohibited Transactions Tax................................................101
PTCE ...............................................................108
PTCE 83-1 ...............................................................108
PTE ...............................................................106
Purchase Obligation.........................................................61
Purchase Price..............................................................31
Qualified Insurer...........................................................59
Qualified Substitute Contract...............................................32
Qualified Substitute Mortgage Loan..........................................32
Rating Agency...............................................................12
Realized Loss...............................................................52
Record Date ................................................................41
Registration Statement.......................................................3
REMIC .................................................................2
REMIC Certificates..........................................................89
REMIC Provisions............................................................89
REMIC Regular Certificates..................................................90
REMIC Regulations...........................................................89
REMIC Residual Certificates.................................................90
REO Contract................................................................51
REO Mortgage Loan...........................................................51
Repurchased Contract........................................................32
Repurchased Mortgage Loan...................................................32
Reserve Fund................................................................58
Residential Funding..........................................................7
Restricted Group...........................................................107
Senior Certificates..........................................................8
Senior Percentage...........................................................53
Senior/Subordinate Series...................................................33
Servicing Advances..........................................................40
Servicing Fee...............................................................47
Single Certificate..........................................................46
SMMEA ................................................................13
Special Hazard Amount.......................................................53
Special Hazard Insurance Policy.............................................57
Special Hazard Insurer......................................................57
Special Hazard Losses.......................................................54
Special Servicer............................................................50
Spread ................................................................37
Stated Principal Balance....................................................53
Strip Certificate............................................................8
Sub-Servicer................................................................47
Sub-Servicing Agreement.....................................................46
Subordinate Certificates.....................................................8
Surety Bond ................................................................59
Swaps ................................................................60
116
<PAGE>
Tax-Favored Plans..........................................................105
Terms and Conditions........................................................35
Tiered REMICs...............................................................90
Title V ................................................................83
Title VIII ................................................................83
Trust Agreement..............................................................1
Trust Fund .................................................................1
Trustee ................................................................19
U.S. Borrowers..............................................................11
UBTI ...............................................................109
Unaffiliated Seller.........................................................29
Underwriter ...............................................................106
VA ................................................................20
VA Contracts................................................................27
VA Loans ................................................................20
117
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RESIDENTIAL ASSET SECURITIES CORPORATION
$177,750,240
MORTGAGE ASSET-BACKED PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES
SERIES 1999-RS1
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
BEAR, STEARNS & CO. INC.
UNDERWRITER
YOU SHOULD RELY ONLY ON THE INFORMATION CONTAINED OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS. WE HAVE NOT
AUTHORIZED ANYONE TO PROVIDE YOU WITH DIFFERENT INFORMATION.
WE ARE NOT OFFERING THE CERTIFICATES OFFERED HEREBY IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER
IS NOT PERMITTED.
WE REPRESENT THE ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND
THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS ONLY AS OF THE DATES ON THEIR RESPECTIVE COVERS.
Dealers will be required to deliver a prospectus supplement and prospectus when
acting as underwriters of the certificates offered hereby and with respect to
their unsold allotments or subscriptions. In addition, all dealers selling the
Class A Certificates, whether or not participating in this offering, may be
required to deliver a prospectus supplement and prospectus until June 25, 1999.
