<PAGE>
<PAGE>
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON MAY 30, 1997
REGISTRATION NO.
________________________________________________________________________________
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
------------------------
FORM SB-2
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
------------------------
TTR INC.
(NAME OF SMALL BUSINESS ISSUER IN ITS CHARTER)
------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
DELAWARE 3577 11-3223672
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (PRIMARY STANDARD INDUSTRIAL (I.R.S. EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NO.)
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) CLASSIFICATION CODE NUMBER)
</TABLE>
515 MADISON AVE.
NEW YORK, NY 10022
(ADDRESS AND TELEPHONE NUMBER OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
------------------------
2 HANAGAR STREET
KFAR SABA, ISRAEL 44425
011-972-9-766-2393
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS)
MR. ROBERT FRIEDMAN
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
TTR INC.
515 MADISON AVE.
NEW YORK, NY 10022
(NAME, ADDRESS AND TELEPHONE NUMBER OF AGENT FOR SERVICE)
------------------------
COPY TO:
SAMUEL F. OTTENSOSER, ESQ.
MICHAEL L. PFLAUM, ESQ.
BAER MARKS & UPHAM LLP
805 THIRD AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022
TEL: (212) 702-5700 FAX: (212) 702-5941
AND
DAVID ABOUDI, ESQ.
GERALD BROUNSTEIN, ADV.
ABOUDI & BROUNSTEIN
136 ROTHSCHILD BLVD.
TEL AVIV, ISRAEL
TEL: 011-972-3-685-1126 FAX: 011-972-3-685-1138
------------------------
APPROXIMATE DATE OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: As soon as practicable
after the Registration Statement becomes effective.
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [ ]
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [ ]
------------------------
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROPOSED MAXIMUM
PROPOSED MAXIMUM AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF
TITLE OF EACH CLASS OF SECURITIES AMOUNT TO BE OFFERING PRICE OFFERING REGISTRATION PROCEEDS TO
TO BE REGISTERED REGISTERED PER SHARE(1) PRICE(1) FEE THE COMPANY
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common Stock.................................... 39,000 $14.00 $546,000 $165.45 0
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee.
(2) Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(a) based on a bona fide estimate of the
maximum offering price.
------------
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL
FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION
STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME
EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(a),
MAY DETERMINE.
________________________________________________________________________________
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS
TTR INC.
39,000 SHARES OF COMMON STOCK
- ----------------------------------------------------------
This Prospectus relates to 39,000 shares of Common Stock (the 'Selling
Securityholders' Shares'), $.001 par value (the 'Common Stock'), of TTR Inc.
(the 'Company'), which are being offered for sale by certain selling
securityholders (the 'Selling Securityholders'). See 'Selling Securityholders
and Plan of Distribution.'
The Company will not receive any of the proceeds from the sales of the
Selling Securityholders' Shares by the Selling Securityholders. The Selling
Securityholders' Shares may be offered from time to time by the Selling
Securityholders, their transferees, pledgees and/or their donees, through
ordinary brokerage transactions in the over-the-counter market, in negotiated
transactions or otherwise, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at
negotiated prices. See 'Description of Securities' and 'Shares Eligible for
Future Sale.'
The Selling Securityholders, their pledgees and/or their donees, may be
deemed to be 'underwriters' as defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the 'Securities Act'). If any broker-dealers are used by the Selling
Securityholders, their pledgees and/or their donees, any commission paid to
broker-dealers and, if broker-dealers purchase any Selling Securityholders'
Shares as principals, any profits received by such broker-dealers on the resale
of the Selling Securityholders' Shares, may be deemed to be underwriting
discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. In addition, any profits
realized by the Selling Securityholders, their pledgees and/or their donees, may
be deemed to be underwriting commissions. All costs, expenses and fees in
connection with the registration of the Selling Securityholders' Shares will be
borne by the Company except for any commission paid to broker-dealers.
The Selling Securityholders' Shares offered by this Prospectus may be sold
from time to time by the Selling Securityholders, their pledgees and/or their
donees. No underwriting arrangements have been entered into by the Selling
Securityholders. The distribution of the Selling Securityholders' Shares by the
Selling Securityholders, their pledgees and/or their donees, may be effected in
one or more transactions that may take place on the over-the-counter market,
including ordinary broker's transactions, privately-negotiated transactions or
through sales to one or more dealers for resale of such shares as principals, at
market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such
prevailing market prices or negotiated prices. Usual and customary or
specifically negotiated brokerage fees or commissions may be paid by the Selling
Securityholders, their pledgees and/or their donees, in connection with sales of
the Selling Securityholders' Shares.
On February 10, 1997, the Company commenced an initial public offering of
Common Stock underwritten by First Metropolitan Securities Inc. ('First
Metropolitan') (the 'IPO'). Pursuant to the IPO, the Company (along with a
member of Management with respect to 60,000 shares) sold an aggregate of 920,000
shares at an offering price of $7.00 per share. Also in connection with the IPO,
the Company granted First Metropolitan a warrant to purchase 80,000 shares of
Common Stock (the 'Underwriter's Warrants').
------------------------
THE SECURITIES OFFERED HEREBY INVOLVE A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE 'RISK
FACTORS' BEGINNING ON PAGE 5.
------------------------
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS
PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL
OFFENSE.
------------------------
The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 'Exchange Act'), and in accordance there
with, files reports, proxy and information statements and other information with
the Securities and Exchange Commission (the 'Commission'). The Company intends
to furnish to its stockholders annual reports containing audited financial
statements and such other periodic reports as the Company may determine to be
appropriate or as may be required by law.
------------------------
SoftGuard'tm', DiscGuard'tm', NetGuard'tm' and Remote Activation Center'tm'
are trademarks of the Company. Certain other trademarks of the Company and other
companies, including Microsoft Windows, Windows 95, Windows NT, MS-DOS, Apple
Macintosh and NEC, are used in this Prospectus.
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the more
detailed information and financial statements and notes thereto, appearing
elsewhere in this Prospectus. Each prospective investor is urged to read this
Prospectus in its entirety.
This Prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. The Company's actual results may differ significantly from the
results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause
such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in 'Risk
Factors.'
THE COMPANY
TTR Inc. ('TTR' or the 'Company') is primarily engaged in the design and
development, and intends to commence marketing of, a family of proprietary
software security products that are designed to prevent the unauthorized
reproduction and use of computer software programs. TTR's proposed core product,
SoftGuard, is designed to be used by software developers for inclusion in their
software packages sold to end-users. The current version of SoftGuard, although
out of the development stage and ready for commercialization, has not yet been
released. Since its inception, the Company has been engaged primarily in product
design and testing, and has not had any sales revenue to date. The Company's
primary objective is to make SoftGuard the market standard for software
protection.
Annual losses incurred by software developers due to software piracy was
estimated by the Business Software Alliance to exceed $13 billion worldwide in
1995. SoftGuard is intended to provide comprehensive protection against
unauthorized software reproduction. Unlike most currently available software
security systems which are dependent on hardware peripherals, SoftGuard does not
entail the use of any dongles (keys) or similar devices. It is comprised of a
protection diskette, which provides anti-copying protection while the software
resides on a distribution diskette, CD-ROM or other distribution media, and a
software-based solution that protects against unauthorized reproduction once the
software is installed onto the end-user's system. The protection diskette is
used by the end-user only at the initial installation of the protected software
or upon an authorized transfer of protected software to another computer.
Without the protection diskette, the protected software will not properly
install. The Company plans on selling the SoftGuard protection diskette to
software developers who will include the protection diskette with their software
program that is ultimately sold to the legitimate end-user. When included with
such software, the developer's software program would be further protected by
the SoftGuard software licensed from the Company. The Company believes that
SoftGuard will provide an effective, versatile and relatively inexpensive,
comprehensive software protection solution.
For software distributed electronically over the Internet, the Company is
developing a system that is intended to insure that the payment for the
downloaded software has been received and that the software's use will be
restricted to one site per payment. The Company's proposed Remote Activation
Center will utilize the core technology incorporated in SoftGuard to provide
both payment confirmation and conventional software protection. The current
version of SoftGuard is intended to be compatible for one of Windows 3.x and MSD
OS-based systems. Although ready for release, the Company does not intend on
currently releasing the product unless prevailing market conditions dictate
otherwise.
For software that does not require installation on an end-user's hard drive
and is run directly from a CD-ROM, such as educational or entertainment
software, the Company is developing a technology designed to protect against the
unauthorized reproduction of the CD-ROM. The decreasing costs of CD-Recorders,
which can be used to faithfully reproduce unauthorized copies of the CD-ROM, and
the increased availability of other mass reproduction machines, have contributed
to the increase in CD-ROM piracy. Conventional protection technologies are
believed by the Company to be generally impractical and cost ineffective. The
Company's solution involves modifications to the laser optics system of the
CD-ROM mastering machine. This technology would prevent the faithful
reproduction of the CD-ROM itself, without reference to the data contained on
it. The Company expects to commercially release its initial DiscGuard CD-ROM
product by the third quarter of 1997.
2
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR believes that the principal competitive advantages featured in its
proposed products will include the following:
A software application protected by SoftGuard will only be able to
be installed onto the end-user's system in the presence of an authentic
protection diskette containing the appropriate identification code. Once
installed onto the end-user's system, the protected software will run only
on that unit.
SoftGuard can be programmed by the software developer to permit a
limited number of installations of authorized copies of the protected
software including limited time period trial offers.
SoftGuard's avoidance of any hardware peripherals such as dongles or
keys is expected to save the end-user the inconvenience associated with
such hardware use.
Per-unit production costs associated with SoftGuard protection
diskettes will be significantly lower compared to dongle or key based
solutions.
Once the SoftGuard protected software program is installed, the
product safety features will be self-executing and entirely 'transparent'
to the end-user who will not be aware of their operation.
A software program sold over the Internet that utilizes the Remote
Activation Center would be protected against unauthorized copying and use
in a similar fashion to conventional software protected by SoftGuard.
CD-ROMs utilizing the DiscGuard CD-ROM product in their
manufacturing would be non-reproducible.
The Company intends to market its SoftGuard line of products to software
developers. The Company's strategy is to distribute its products to software
developers through independent distributors or direct marketing through the
establishment of regional based subsidiaries or affiliates. The Company intends
to market its proposed CD-ROM product directly to CD-ROM replicators.
The Company's objective is to be a leading provider of software security
products with its SoftGuard product line. Some key elements of the Company's
strategy include (i) expansion of existing software security markets; (ii)
penetration of leading geographic marketing areas; (iii) continued product
expansion and enhancement; (iv) pursue strategic acquisitions; and (v)
strengthen competitive advantages.
TTR was organized as a holding company in Delaware on July 14, 1994. The
Company currently conducts its business through its wholly-owned subsidiary, TTR
Technologies Ltd. ('TTR Israel'), a private company formed under the laws of the
State of Israel on December 5, 1994. The Company's current product design,
marketing, research and development operations are conducted at TTR Israel's
premises in Kfar Saba, Israel. As used herein, the term 'Company' includes the
operations of TTR and TTR Israel, unless the context otherwise requires.
The Company's executive offices are located at 515 Madison Ave., New York,
New York. All of the product design and development takes place out of TTR
Israel's offices at 2 Hanagar Street, Kfar Saba, ISRAEL 44425. Its telephone
number is 011-972-9-766-2393.
THE OFFERING
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Securities Registered..................... 39,000 shares of Common Stock. See 'Description of Securities' and
'Selling Securityholders and Plan of Distribution.'
Risk Factors.............................. This offering involves a high degree of risk and immediate
substantial dilution. See 'Risk Factors' and 'Dilution.'
</TABLE>
3
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The summary financial information set forth below is derived from the
Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Prospectus and should be read in
conjunction with such Financial Statements and the Notes thereto.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FROM INCEPTION YEAR ENDED
(JULY 14, 1994) DECEMBER 31,
TO DECEMBER 31, ----------------------------
1994 1995 1996
--------------- ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Income Statement Data:
Revenue..................................................... $ -- $ -- $ --
Total expenses.............................................. 36,441 765,867 896,779
Operating loss.............................................. (36,441) (765,867) (896,779)
Net loss.................................................... (42,085) (896,663) (1,121,211)
--------------- ------------ ------------
--------------- ------------ ------------
Net loss per share(1)....................................... $ (0.02) $ (0.37) $ (0.43)
--------------- ------------ ------------
--------------- ------------ ------------
Weighted average shares outstanding......................... 2,778,533 2,399,793 2,612,582
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------- PRO-FORMA
1995 1996 AS ADJUSTED(2)
------------ ------------ ---------------
ACTUAL
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance Sheet Data:
Working capital (deficiencies)....................................... $ (616,839) $(2,563,908) $2,665,501
Total assets......................................................... 403,204 1,191,688 4,992,649
Total liabilities.................................................... 1,274,427 2,785,545 1,935,943
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)................................. (871,223) (1,593,857) 3,056,706
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Earnings per share are presented for 1995 and 1996 on a pro forma basis to
reflect the exercise of 374,548 warrants as if it occurred on January 1,
1995. See 'Financial Statements.'
(2) Gives pro forma effect to (i) the exercise of 374,548 warrants, (ii) the
consummation of the IPO and the application of the net proceeds therefrom
and (iii) the return to treasury of 135,000 Bridge Shares. See
'Capitalization' and 'Description of Securities -- Prior Financings'.
4
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<PAGE>
RISK FACTORS
The securities offered hereby are speculative and involve a high degree of
risk and should not be purchased by persons who cannot afford the loss of their
entire investment. Prospective investors should carefully consider the following
risk factors, as well as all other information set forth elsewhere in this
Prospectus.
Except for the historical information contained herein, the following
discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ materially from those
projected in the forward-looking statements discussed herein. Factors that could
cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those
discussed in this section, as well as in the sections entitled 'Plan of
Operation' and 'Business.'
Development Stage Company; History of Operating Losses; Accumulated
Deficit; Working Capital Deficiency; Stockholders' Deficit; Uncertainty of
Future Profitability. The Company is a development stage company with a limited
history of operations, and has an accumulated deficit from inception in July
1994 through December 31, 1996, of approximately $2,059,959. As a development
stage company, the Company has a limited relevant operating history upon which
an evaluation of the Company's prospects can be made. The Company's prospects
must therefore be evaluated in light of the problems, expenses, delays and
complications associated with a new business. At December 31, 1996, the Company
had a working capital deficiency of approximately $2,563,908 and a stockholders'
deficit of approximately $1,593,857. Losses have resulted principally from costs
incurred in research and development of the SoftGuard technologies and from
general and administrative costs. The current version of SoftGuard, although out
of the development stage and ready for commercialization, has not yet been
released. Accordingly, the Company has not realized any operating revenues to
date. The Company expects to continue to incur operating losses for the
foreseeable future until such time, if ever, as the Company is able to achieve
sufficient levels of revenues from operations. There can be no assurance that
the Company will ever generate revenues or achieve profitability. See 'Plan of
Operation.'
Explanatory Paragraph in TTR Israel's Independent Auditors' Report. TTR
Israel's independent auditors have included an explanatory paragraph in their
report on TTR Israel's financial statement stating that certain factors raise
substantial doubt about TTR Israel's ability to continue as a going concern. See
'Plan of Operation' and Consolidated Financial Statements.
Future Capital Needs; Uncertainty of Additional Financing. The Company's
cash requirements may vary materially from those now planned depending on
numerous factors, including the status of the Company's marketing efforts, the
Company's business development activities, the results of future research and
development and competition. Notwithstanding, the Company believes that existing
cash balances will be sufficient to finance its working and other capital
requirements through approximately February 1998. Thereafter, or sooner if
conditions make it necessary, the Company may need to raise additional funds
through public or private financings, including equity financings which may be
dilutive to stockholders. Any future equity financings through February 2000
would be subject to the approval of First Metropolitan. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to raise additional funds if its capital
resources are exhausted, or that funds will be available on terms attractive to
the Company or at all. If adequate funds are not available, the Company may be
required to reduce materially its proposed operations. See 'Use of Proceeds,'
'Underwriting' and 'Plan of Operation.'
Dependence of Single Product Line and Limited Market. The Company proposes
to initially market one line of products to a limited market of customers
desiring to protect their software products. The Company estimates that
worldwide sales of software protection products was approximately $120,000,000
in 1995. The Company believes that future sales growth will be dependent
primarily upon expansion of the software protection products market as well as
the Company's ability to market its products. There can be no assurance that the
Company will successfully market its products or that the market for software
security products will grow. See 'Business -- Sales and Marketing.'
Uncertainty of End-User Acceptance of SoftGuard Products. The Company's
SoftGuard product line is intended to be sold to software developers for
inclusion in the applications programs marketed and sold by them. However, the
Company is ultimately dependent upon the end-user's acceptance of
5
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<PAGE>
SoftGuard. Many software development houses have elected to not include software
protection with their software programs because end-users have encountered
operational difficulties with, or have indicated an unwillingness to use, such
software protection. While the Company believes that SoftGuard is intended to
address and solve many of the operational difficulties encountered by end-users
in using many of the commercially available software protection products, there
can be no assurance that software developers will elect to include the Company's
proposed products in their software products or that if such products are
included, the products will be accepted by the general market. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to market its software protection
successfully or that future products, if any, will be accepted in the
marketplace. See 'Business -- SoftGuard Software Protection' and ' -- Sales and
Marketing.'
New Products and Rapid Technological Change. The market for the Company's
proposed products is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving
industry standards and new product introductions. The Company's future success
will depend in part on its ability to enhance its planned products and to
introduce new products and technologies to meet changing customer requirements.
The Company is currently devoting significant resources toward the development
of enhancements to its planned software protection line of products. There can
be no assurance that the Company will successfully complete the development of
these products in a timely fashion or that the Company's current or future
products will satisfy the needs of the software security market. There can also
be no assurance that security related products or technologies developed by
others will not adversely affect the Company's competitive position or render
its products or technologies non-competitive or obsolete. Moreover, the Company
is committed to devote a substantial portion of its revenues to research and
development efforts. There can be no assurance that these efforts will be
successful. See 'Use Of Proceeds' and 'Business -- Research and Development' and
' -- Competition.'
Proposed Expansion; Risks Associated with Acquisitions. The Company intends
to use a significant portion of its existing cash balances to expand its
operations through the establishment of its sales and marketing efforts, the
expansion of its research and development activities, or through possible
acquisitions. The Company believes that its existing cash balances are
sufficient to enable the Company to carry out its planned growth, although there
can be no assurance it will be able to do so.
The Company may also seek to expand its operations through potential
acquisitions. The Company may use a portion of its existing cash balances to
acquire all or a portion of existing companies in businesses which the Company
believes are compatible with its business, including, but not limited to,
competitors of the Company. Any decision to make an acquisition will be based
upon a variety of factors, including, among others, the purchase price and other
financial terms of the transaction, the business prospects and the extent to
which any acquisition would enhance the Company's prospects. To the extent that
the Company may, depending upon the opportunities available to it, finance an
acquisition with a combination of cash and equity securities, any such issuance
of equity securities could result in dilution to the interests of the Company's
stockholders. However, any future equity financings through February 2000 would
be subject to the approval of First Metropolitan. Additionally, to the extent
that the Company, or the acquisition or merger candidate itself, issues debt
securities in connection with an acquisition, the Company may be subject to
risks associated with incurring indebtedness, including the risks of interest
rate fluctuations and insufficiency of cash flow to pay principal and interest.
The Company is not currently engaged in identifying any potential acquisition
and has no plans, agreements, understandings or arrangements for any
acquisitions. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
successfully consummate any acquisition or successfully integrate into its
business any acquired business or portion thereof.
The management of the anticipated growth in expenditures will require
expansion of the Company's management and financial controls, and could place a
significant strain on the Company's resources. None of the Company's current
officers have had experience in managing a public company or a company having
expenditures as large as the anticipated expenditures of the Company. While the
Company intends to hire additional appropriate personnel, there can be no
assurance that these or other measures implemented by the Company will
effectively increase the Company's capabilities to manage such growth or to do
so in a timely and cost effective manner. See 'Use of Proceeds' and 'Business.'
6
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
Limited Marketing Capability. The Company has limited marketing
capabilities and resources. Achieving market penetration will require
significant efforts by the Company to create awareness of and demand for the
Company's products. Accordingly, the Company's ability to build its customer
base will be dependent on its marketing efforts, including its ability to
establish an effective internal sales organization, or establish strategic
marketing arrangements with other companies. The Company currently has no plan,
agreement, understanding or arrangement with any distributors, and no assurance
can be given that any will be entered into. The failure by the Company
successfully to develop its marketing capabilities, both internally and through
distributors, would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business.
Further, there can be no assurance that the development of such marketing
capabilities will lead to sales of the Company's products. See 'Use of Proceeds'
and 'Business -- Sales and Marketing.'
Risks Associated with International Sales. The Company intends to initially
market its products primarily in North America and Israel with subsequent
efforts in Europe and the Far East. The Company will be subject to the risks
inherent in international business activities, including unexpected changes in
regulatory requirements and the burdens of complying with a wide variety of laws
and regulations. Moreover, if for any reason exchange or price controls or other
restrictions on the conversion of foreign currencies were imposed, the Company's
business could be materially adversely affected.
Risks Associated with Operations in Israel. The Company's offices and
production facilities are located in the State of Israel and are directly
affected by the economic, military and political conditions in that country. For
information with respect to certain factors concerning the State of Israel,
including risks related to the political and economic situation, see
'Business -- Conditions in Israel.'
Uncertain Ability to Protect Patent-Pending Technology. The Company's
ability to compete effectively depends on its success in protecting its
proprietary technology, both in the United States and abroad. The Company has
filed for patent protection in the United States, Israel, Germany, France, Great
Britain, the Netherlands and Japan for the process by which it imprints the
protection diskette used in the proposed SoftGuard line of products and in the
United States for the technology underlying the proposed DiscGuard CD-ROM based
protection (the 'Patent Rights'). No assurance can be given that any patents
will be issued from the United States or other patent offices for the Patent
Rights, that the Company will receive any patents in the future based on its
continued development in the technology, or that the Company's patent protection
within and/or outside of the United States will be sufficient to deter others,
legally or otherwise, from developing or marketing competitive products
utilizing these technologies.
The Company believes that the protection afforded by the Patent Rights is
material to its future revenues and earnings. There can be no assurance that the
Patent Rights will be found to be valid or that the Patent Rights will be
enforceable to prevent others from developing and marketing competitive products
or methods. A successful challenge to the validity of the Patent Rights would
have a material adverse effect on the Company, and could jeopardize its ability
to engage in its contemplated business activities. An infringement action on
behalf of the Company may require the diversion of substantial funds from the
Company's operations and may require management to expend efforts that might
otherwise be devoted to the Company's operations. Furthermore, there can be no
assurance that the Company will be successful in enforcing the Patent Rights.
The Company has received a letter from attorneys in Israel relating to
allegations that the technologies comprising the Company's proposed products
infringe certain proprietary rights of others. Although the Company believes
that the allegations are without merit, there can be no assurance that the
Company will be successful in defending against such claims. On March 31, the
Company was served with notice that an action was brought by a former consultant
regarding an alleged claim to 5% of the 'rights' in SoftGuard and DiscGuard,
which was subsequently dismissed with prejudice. There can be no assurance that
other patent infringement claims in the United States, Israel or in other
countries will not be asserted against the Company by a competitor or others, or
if asserted, that the Company will be successful in defending against such
claims. In the event one of the Company's proposed products is adjudged to
infringe patents of others with the likely consequence of a damage award, the
Company may be enjoined from using and selling such product or be required to
obtain a royalty-bearing license, if available on acceptable terms.
Alternatively, in the event a license is not
7
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
offered, the Company might be required, if possible, to redesign those aspects
of the product held to infringe so as to avoid infringement. Any redesign
efforts undertaken by the Company might be expensive, could delay the
introduction or the re-introduction of the Company's products into certain
markets, or may be so significant as to be impractical. See 'Business -- Legal
Proceedings,' 'Business -- Patents, Trademarks and Proprietary Information' and
'Risk Factors -- Competition.'
Trademark Registration. The Company intends to promote the 'SoftGuard,'
'NetGuard,' 'Remote Activation Center' and 'DiscGuard' trademarks in connection
with its marketing activities. The Company pursues the registration of its
trademarks in the United States and (based upon anticipated use)
internationally, and has applied for the registration of certain of its
trademarks, including 'SoftGuard,' 'DiscGuard' and intends to apply for others.
There can be no assurance that prior registrations and/or uses of one or more of
such marks (or a confusingly similar mark) does not exist in one or more of such
countries, in which case the Company might thereby be precluded from registering
and/or using such mark in such country. See 'Business -- Patents, Trademarks and
Proprietary Information.'
Competition. The software protection industry is extremely competitive. The
Company's primary competitors include companies with substantially greater
financial, technological, marketing, personnel and research and development
resources than those of the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company
will be able to compete successfully in this market. In particular, Rainbow
Technologies Inc. and Aladdin Knowledge Systems Ltd., each have an established
installed product base in the limited market that exists for software security
products. Further, there can be no assurance that existing software companies
will not enter the market in the future. Although the Company believes that its
products are distinguishable from those of its competitors on the basis of their
technological features and functionality at an attractive price/performance
ratio, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to penetrate any
of its competitors' portion of the market. Many of the Company's competitors
have existing relationships with major software development houses in the United
States, some of which are dominant software producers worldwide, and those
existing relationships may impede the Company's ability to sell to those
customers and expand its market share. Furthermore, there can be no assurance
that the Company will be able to continue developing products with innovative
features and functions, or that developments by others of similar or more
effective products will not render the Company's products or technologies
noncompetitive or obsolete. Since the Company's proposed products will be new to
the market and sold in competition with the products of companies with greater
financial and other resources, there can be no assurance that a market for the
Company's products will develop. See 'Business -- Competition.'
Protection of Proprietary Technology and Information. The Company will also
rely on trade secrets, know-how and continuing technological advancement to
maintain its proposed competitive position. Although the Company has entered
into confidentiality and invention agreements with its employees and
consultants, no assurance can be given that such agreements will be honored or
that the Company will be able to effectively protect its rights to its
unpatented trade secrets and know-how. Moreover, no assurance can be given that
others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary
information and techniques or otherwise gain access to the Company's trade
secrets and know-how. See 'Business -- Patents, Trademarks and Proprietary
Information.'
Manufacture of Production Machinery. The Company utilizes a specially
designed laser based machine (the 'Diskette Marking Machine') in mass-producing
the protection diskette used in its proposed SoftGuard products. The Diskette
Marking Machine was built by an independent third-party and specially made to
the Company's order. The Company currently has one fully-operating Diskette
Marking Machine, which it believes can meet its foreseeable needs. Although the
Company does not have a written contract with the manufacturer of its Diskette
Marking Machine, the Company believes, based upon the experience of Management
and the Company's working relationship with such manufacturer, that it will be
able to have additional Diskette Marking Machines produced on an as needed
basis. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to purchase or
will not experience delays in shipment of future Diskette Marking Machines or
that it will have a sufficient number of such machines to produce protection
diskettes at full capacity.
The Company believes that it could arrange for the assembly of these
machines with alternate sources if required to do so, but that any alternate
arrangement could result in temporary disruptions of
8
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its design and manufacturing operations. Most of the sources and components used
in the manufacture and assembly of the Diskette Marking Machine are obtainable
from local sources, except for the laser device that specially marks each
protection diskette. Although the Company believes that there are adequate
alternative sources for such devices, there can be no assurance that the usage
of an alternative source for the laser device will not render the Diskette
Marking Machine cost ineffective or that the Company will not experience delays
in its operations.
Dependence on Key Personnel. The success of the Company will be largely
dependent upon the personal efforts of Marc D. Tokayer, Dr. Baruch Sollish,
Ph.D. and Arik Shavit. The loss of the services of any of such persons could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and prospects. Although
the Company has entered into employment agreements with each of the
aforementioned individuals, there can be no assurance that the Company will be
able to retain their services. The Company is seeking to obtain key-man life
insurance on Mr. Tokayer and Dr. Sollish with benefits of $1,000,000 payable to
the Company in the event of each person's death. The benefits receivable under
these proposed policies might not be sufficient to compensate the Company for
the loss of Mr. Tokayer's or Dr. Sollish's services should a suitable
replacement not be employed. The Company is also dependent to a substantial
degree on its other technical and research staff. Further, the success of the
Company will also be dependent upon its ability to hire and retain additional
qualified management, marketing, and financial personnel, including a chief
financial officer. The Company will compete with other companies with greater
financial and other resources for other such personnel. Although the Company has
not experienced to date any difficulty in attracting qualified personnel, there
can be no assurance that the Company will be able to retain its present
personnel or acquire additional qualified personnel as and when needed. See
'Management -- Employment and Consulting Agreements.'
Control by Management; Absence of Outside Directors. Management of the
Company owns an aggregate of 409,273 shares of Common Stock, or approximately
12.6% (excluding the 1,000,000 Escrow Shares) of the issued and outstanding
shares of Common Stock. Marc D. Tokayer, Chairman of the Board, the Tokayer
Family Trust, Baruch Sollish, Director and three other stockholders with an
aggregate of 971,547 shares of Common Stock (approximately 30%) have entered
into a voting arrangement whereby they have agreed to vote their respective
shares to elect directors and in support of positions favored by a majority of
the shares held among them. Accordingly, the Company's present Management may be
able to effectively control the Company, elect all of the Company's directors,
increase the authorized capital, dissolve, merge or sell all of the assets of
the Company, and generally direct the affairs of the Company. Currently, all
members of the Board of Directors are also employees of the Company. The absence
of independent outside directors may further Management's control of the
Company. See 'Principal Stockholders.'
Charge to Earnings in the Event of Release of Escrow Shares. The Company
has outstanding 1,000,000 Escrow Shares which will be released from escrow if
the Company attains certain earnings levels over the next one to three years or
if the Common Stock trades at certain levels over the next three years. The
position of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the 'Commission') with
respect to such escrow arrangements provides that in the event any shares are
released from escrow to the stockholders of the Company who are officers,
directors, employees or consultants of the Company, a compensation expense will
be recorded for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, the Company will, in
the event of the release of the Escrow Shares, recognize during the period in
which the earnings thresholds are met or such stock levels achieved, a
substantial noncash charge to earnings equal to the fair value of such shares on
the date of their release, which would have the effect of significantly
increasing the Company's loss or reducing or eliminating earnings, if any, at
such time. The recognition of such compensation expense may have a depressive
effect on the market price of the Company's securities. See 'Plan of Operation,'
'Principal Stockholders' and 'Description of Securities.' Notwithstanding the
foregoing discussion, there can be no assurance that the Escrow Shares will be
released from escrow.
No Dividends. To date, the Company has not paid any cash dividends. After
the consummation of this Offering, the Company does not intend, for the
foreseeable future, to declare or pay any dividends and intends to retain
earnings, if any, for the future operation and expansion of the Company's
business. The declaration and payment of any cash dividends in the future will
be determined by the Board of Directors of the Company in light of conditions
and circumstances then existing, including the Company's earnings and its
financial conditions and requirements. See 'Dividends.'
9
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OTC Electronic Bulletin Board; Absence of Prior Public Market;
Determination of Offering Price. The Company's Common Stock is traded in the
over-the-counter market. It is quoted on the OTC Electronic Bulletin Board, an
NASD-sponsored and operated inter-dealer automated quotation system for equity
securities not included in the Nasdaq SmallCap Market or Nasdaq National Market,
and is quoted in the NQB Pink Sheets published by the National Quotation Bureau
Incorporated (the 'NQB'). There can be no assurance that a public market for the
Common Stock will continue. There can be no assurance that an active trading
market for the securities will continue.
Possible Volatility of Securities Prices. Trading volume and prices for the
Common Stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to quarterly
variations in operations, financial results, announcements with respect to sales
and earnings, technological innovations, new product developments, the sale or
attempted sale of a large amount of securities in the public market, and other
events or factors which cannot be foreseen or predicted by the Company. In
addition, various factors affecting the computer industry generally may have a
significant impact on the market price of the Common Stock, as well as price and
volume volatility affecting small and emerging growth companies, in general, and
not necessarily related to the operating performance of such companies.
Shares Eligible for Future Sale. Future sales of shares of Common Stock by
existing stockholders pursuant to Rule 144 ('Rule 144') promulgated under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 'Securities Act'), or otherwise, could
have an adverse effect on the price of the shares of Common Stock. The Company
has 3,238,548 shares of Common Stock outstanding (excluding 1,000,000 Escrow
Shares. In addition, the Company has reserved for issuance 217,473 shares upon
exercise of warrants at $.01 per share, 135,000 shares upon exercise of options
granted under the 1996 Plan, 315,000 shares upon exercise of options to be
granted under the 1996 Plan, 1,000,000 shares for issuance upon exercise of
warrants at $7.00 per share and up to 80,000 shares for issuance upon exercise
of the securities contained in the Underwriter's Warrants.
The 920,000 shares of Common Stock sold in the IPO and 1,357,021 shares of
Common Stock (including 217,473 shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants
subject to a four-year vesting schedule) registered contemporaneous with the IPO
on behalf of certain existing shareholders of the Company (521,023 of such
shares currently subject to lock-up agreements described below), as well as the
39,000 shares being registered by the Selling Securityholders, will be freely
transferable without restriction or further registration under the Securities
Act except for any shares purchased by an 'affiliate' of the Company within the
meaning of Rule 144. The remaining 922,527 outstanding shares of Common Stock
are 'restricted securities,' as that term is defined in Rule 144, and may only
be sold pursuant to a registration statement under the Securities Act or an
applicable exemption from registration thereunder, including exemptions provided
by Rule 144. Approximately 348,070 of such shares are currently eligible for
resale under Rule 144; however, 50,000 of such shares are subject to lock-up
agreements described hereafter. The remaining shares will become eligible for
resale under Rule 144 between March 1998 through May 1998. In addition, the
Company has granted to some securityholders certain registration rights. No
prediction can be made as to the effect that future sales of Common Stock, or
the availability of shares of Common Stock for future sales, will have on the
market price of the Common Stock prevailing from time to time. Sales of
substantial amounts of Common Stock, or the perception that such sales could
occur, could adversely affect prevailing market prices for the Common Stock and
could impair the Company's ability to raise capital through the future sale of
its equity securities. The Company, its officers, directors and stockholders
beneficially owning 5% or more of the Common Stock, and certain other
stockholders, holding an aggregate of approximately 2,154,548 shares, have
(except for a certain stockholder who has agreed to lock-up his 15,000 shares
for a period of 18 months and two additional stockholders with respect to an
aggregate of 15,000 shares) agreed for a period of 24 months from the date of
the IPO, not to sell or otherwise dispose of any securities of the Company,
without the prior written consent of First Metropolitan. To date, First
Metropolitan has waived its lock-up agreements with certain of these
stockholders with respect to an aggregate of 603,525 shares and an aggregate of
135,000 of these shares have been sold by such stockholders. See 'Principal
Stockholders,' 'Certain Transactions,' 'Description of Securities -- Lock-up
Agreements' and 'Shares Eligible for Future Sale.'
Effect of Outstanding Warrants and Options. The exercise of the
Underwriter's Warrants, other warrants and stock options granted or to be
granted may adversely affect prevailing market prices for the Common Stock and
may dilute the interests of existing stockholders. Moreover, the terms upon
which the Company will be able to obtain additional equity capital may be
adversely affected since the
10
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<PAGE>
holders of such outstanding securities can be expected to exercise them at a
time when the Company would, in all likelihood, be able to obtain any needed
capital on terms more favorable to the Company than those provided in the
Underwriter's Warrants, other warrants or the options. The Company has granted
certain demand and 'piggy-back' registration rights to First Metropolitan with
respect to the securities issuable upon exercise of the Underwriter's Warrants.
See 'Description of Securities.'
Antitakeover Provisions of Delaware Law. Certain provisions of Delaware law
may discourage third party attempts to acquire control of the Company. In
particular, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law generally
prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a 'business
combination' with an 'interested stockholder' for a period of three years after
the date of the transaction in which such person became an interested
stockholder, unless certain restrictive requirements are met. The Company has
not opted to include any provisions in its Certificate of Incorporation or
By-laws electing not to be governed by Section 203 of the Delaware General
Corporation Law. The provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General
Corporation Law may have a depressive effect on the market price of the Common
Stock because they could impede any merger, consolidating takeover or other
business combination involving the Company or discourage a potential acquiror
from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the
Company. See 'Description of Securities.'
Restrictions on Israeli Government Funding for Research and Development. As
of May 14, 1997 TTR Israel has received from the Office of the Chief Scientist
of the Israeli Ministry of Industry & Trade (the 'OCS') certain research and
development grants in the approximate amount of $97,500. An additional $112,500
has been approved (although not received) by the OCS. As a condition to its
participation in the funding program of the OCS, TTR Israel may not transfer the
technologies developed using such funds out of Israel without the consent of the
OCS. TTR Israel is also obligated to pay a specified level of royalties on sales
of products developed using such grants. Moreover, OCS grant programs as are
currently in effect require the Company to comply with various conditions in
order for TTR Israel to continue to be eligible for participation. The Company
anticipates that for so long as such grants continue to be available, TTR Israel
will likely seek from time to time to utilize such grants. While the Company
believes that TTR Israel will continue to participate in these grant programs,
no assurance can be given that this will be the case or that the programs, or
their conditions of participation, will be maintained in their current form or
at all. See 'Business -- Research and Development.'
Service of Process and Enforcement of Judgments. Service of process upon
directors and officers of the Company, all of whom reside outside the United
States, may be difficult to obtain within the United States. Furthermore, since
substantially all of the Company's assets are located outside the United States,
any judgment obtained in the United States against the Company may not be
collectible within the United States.
The Company has been informed by its Israeli legal counsel that there is
doubt as to the enforceability of civil liabilities under the Securities Act and
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in original actions instituted
in Israel. However, subject to certain limitations, Israeli courts may enforce
United States final executory judgments for liquidated amounts in civil matters,
obtained after a trial before a court of competent jurisdiction (according to
the rules of private international law currently prevailing in Israel) which
enforce similar Israeli judgments, provided that (i) due service of process has
been effected, (ii) such judgments or the enforcement thereof are not contrary
to the law, public policy, security or sovereignty of the State of Israel, (iii)
such judgments were not obtained by fraud and do not conflict with any other
valid judgments in the same matter between the same parties and (iv) an action
between the same parties in the same matter is not pending in any Israeli court
at the time the lawsuit is instituted in the foreign court. All of the Company's
executive officers and Directors have irrevocably appointed Samuel F.
Ottensoser, Esq. of Baer Marks & Upham as their agent to receive service of
process in any action against them in any Federal or state court of the State of
New York.
Foreign judgments enforced by Israeli courts generally will be payable in
Israeli currency, and a specific permit of the Controller of Foreign Exchange
will be required to convert the Israeli currency into dollars and to transfer
such dollars out of Israel. Judgment creditors must bear the risk that they will
be unable to convert their award into foreign currency that can be transferred
out of Israel and the risk of unfavorable exchange rates.
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Penny Stock Regulation. Broker-dealer practices in connection with
transactions in 'penny stocks' are regulated by certain penny stock rules
adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Penny stocks generally are
equity securities with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities
registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the Nasdaq
system, provided that current prices and volume information with respect to
transactions in such securities are provided by the exchange or system). The
penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny
stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk
disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks and the risks
in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with
current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the
broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, and monthly account
statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer's
account. In addition, the penny stock rules generally require that prior to a
transaction in a penny stock the broker-dealer make a special written
determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser
and receive the purchaser's written agreement to the transaction. These
disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading
activity in the secondary market for a stock that becomes subject to the penny
stock rules. If the Company's securities become subject to the penny stock
rules, investors in this Offering may find it more difficult to sell their
securities.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
All of the shares of Common Stock are being offered by the Selling
Securityholders. The Company will not receive any proceeds from sales of the
shares of Common Stock by the Selling Securityholders.
SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS AND PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Company issued 15,000 shares of Common Stock to Halborn Systems Ltd., a
consultant to the Company, in respect of services performed. The shares of
Common Stock issued to each of Alon Guez and Ascent Inner Dimensions of Jewish
Life Inc. in the amounts set forth below were in consideration of services
performed. The shares of Common Stock issued to Henry Israel were in respect of
a settlement of a suit brought by Mr. Israel, a previous consultant to the
Company, against the Company. See 'Business -- Legal Proceedings.'
The Selling Securityholders are offering an aggregate of 39,000 shares of
Common Stock. See 'Principal Stockholders.' The Selling Securityholders have
advised the Company that sales of the Selling Securityholders' Shares may be
effected from time-to-time by themselves, their pledgees and/or their donees, in
transactions (which may including block transactions) in the over-the-counter
market, in negotiated transactions, through the writing of options on the
Selling Securityholders' Shares, or a combination of such methods of sale, at
fixed prices that may be changed, at market prices prevailing at the time of
sale, or at negotiated prices. The Selling Securityholders, their pledgees
and/or their donees, may effect such transactions by selling the Selling
Securityholders' Shares directly to purchasers or through broker-dealers that
may act as agents or principals. Such broker-dealers may receive compensation in
the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the Selling
Securityholders and/or the purchasers of Selling Securityholders' Shares for
whom such broker-dealers may act as agents or to whom they sell as principals,
or both (which compensation as to a particular broker-dealer might be in excess
of customary commissions).
The Selling Securityholders, their pledgees and/or their donees, and any
broker-dealers that act in connection with the sale of the Selling
Securityholders' Shares as principals may be deemed to be 'underwriters' within
the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Securities Act and any commissions received
by them and any profit on the resale of the Selling Securityholders' Shares as
principals might be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under
the Securities Act. The Selling Securityholders' Shares being registered on
behalf of the Selling Securityholders are restricted securities while held by
the Selling Securityholders and the resale of such securities by the Selling
Securityholders is subject to the prospectus delivery and other requirements of
the Act. The Selling Securityholders, their pledgees and/or their donees, may
agree to indemnify any agent, dealer or broker-dealer that participates in
transactions involving sales of the Selling Securityholders' Shares against
certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act. The
Company will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Selling
Securityholders' Shares by the Selling Securityholders. Sales of the Selling
Securityholders' Shares by the Selling Securityholders, or even the potential of
such sales, would likely have an adverse effect on the market price of the
Company's securities.
At the time a particular offer of any securities is made by or on behalf of
the Selling Securityholders, to the extent required, a prospectus supplement
will be distributed which will set forth the number of securities being offered
and the terms of the offering, including the names or names of any underwriters,
dealers or agents, the purchase price paid by any underwriter for shares
purchased from the Selling Securityholders and any discounts, commissions or
concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers, and the proposed selling
price to the public.
Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the 'Exchange Act'),
and the regulations thereto, any person engaged in distribution of Company
securities offered by this Prospectus may not simultaneously engage in
market-making activities with respect to Company securities during the
applicable 'cooling off' period prior to the commencement of such distribution.
In addition, and without limiting the foregoing, the Selling Securityholders
will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act and the rules and
regulations thereunder, including without limitation, Regulation M, in
connection with transactions in the securities, which provisions may limit the
timing of purchases and sales of Company securities by the Selling
Securityholders.
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The following table set forth certain information with respect to persons
for whom the Company is registering the Selling Securityholders' Shares for
resale to the public. The Company will not receive any of the proceeds from the
sale of the Selling Securityholders' Shares. Beneficial ownership of the Selling
Securityholders' Shares by such Selling Securityholders after the Offering will
depend on the number of Selling Securityholders' Shares sold by each Selling
Securityholder. The securities held by the Selling Securityholders are
restricted securities while held by such Selling Securityholders and the resale
of such securities by the Selling Securityholders is subject to prospectus
delivery and other requirements of the Act.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
BENEFICIAL BENEFICIAL
OWNERSHIP PRIOR PERCENTAGE OWNERSHIP
TO SELLING OF AMOUNT OF AFTER SELLING
SECURITYHOLDERS' COMMON STOCK SHARES SECURITYHOLDERS'
OFFERING OWNED BEFORE BEING OFFERING IF ALL
SELLING SECURITYHOLDER(1) SHARES(2) OFFERING(2) REGISTERED SHARES ARE SOLD
- -------------------------------------------------------- ----------------- ------------ ---------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Holborn Systems Ltd..................................... 15,000 * 15,000 0
Henry Israel............................................ 15,000 * 15,000 0
Alon Guez............................................... 5,000 * 5,000 0
Ascent Inner Dimensions of Jewish Life Inc.............. 4,000 * 4,000 0
-------
Total:........................................ 39,000
-------
-------
</TABLE>
- ------------
* Less than 1% of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock.
(1) None of the Selling Securityholders is an officer, director or affiliate of
the Company.
(2) Based on 3,238,548 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding (excluding
1,000,000 Escrow Shares). Each beneficial owner's percentage ownership is
determined by assuming that options or warrants that are held by such person
(but not those held by any other person) and which are exercisable within 60
days from the date hereof have been exercised.
DIVIDEND POLICY
To date, the Company has not paid any cash dividends on its Common Stock.
The payment of future cash dividends, if any, is within the discretion of the
Board of Directors and will depend upon the Company's earnings, if any, capital
requirements and financial condition and other relevant factors. The Board does
not intend to declare any cash or other dividends in the foreseeable future,
rather it intends to retain future earnings, if any, to provide for the
operation and expansion of the Company's business. See 'Plan of Operation.'
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY
AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS
The Common Stock is traded in the over-the-counter market. It is quoted on
the OTC Electronic Bulletin Board under the symbol 'TTRE.'
The following table sets forth the high and low bid prices of the
Company's Common Stock from February 10, 1997, as reported by Nasdaq. Bid
quotations represent high and low prices quoted between dealers, do not reflect
retail mark-up, mark-down or commission, and do not necessarily represent actual
transactions.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
BID
----------------
PERIOD HIGH LOW
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 1997
FIRST QUARTER (February 10, 1997 to March 31, 1997)....................................... $16.50 $ 9.25
SECOND QUARTER (April 1 to April 30, 1997)................................................ $15.50 $10.88
</TABLE>
On May 28, 1997, the closing price of a share of the Company's Common Stock
was $ .
On May 28, 1997, the Company had 71 holders of record of its Common Stock.
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth the capitalization of the Company as of
December 31, 1996 (including the 1,000,000 Escrow Shares) and pro forma to
reflect the exercise of 374,548 warrants and the receipt of $3,745.48 therefrom,
the issuance and sale of the shares of Common Stock in the IPO and the
application of the estimated net proceeds therefrom and the return to treasury
of 135,000 Bridge Shares. The table does not reflect the 39,000 shares being
offered by the Selling Securityholders. This table should be read in
conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related
notes thereto included elsewhere in this Prospectus.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31, 1996
-------------------------------
PRO FORMA
ACTUAL AS ADJUSTED
---------- -----------------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C>
Total liabilities..................................................... $2,785,545 $ 1,935,943
---------- -----------------
Stockholders' equity (deficit)
Common Stock, $.001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized;
3,050,000 shares issued and outstanding; 4,149,548, pro forma
as adjusted.................................................... 3,050 4,150
Additional paid-in capital....................................... 405,356 5,108,001
Cumulative translation adjustment................................ 57,696 57,696
Accumulated deficit.............................................. (2,059,959) (2,113,141)
---------- -----------------
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)........................ (1,593,857) 3,056,706
---------- -----------------
Total capitalization................................... $1,191,688 $ 4,992,649
---------- -----------------
---------- -----------------
</TABLE>
PLAN OF OPERATION
To date, the Company has had a limited operating history, is in
development-stage and has not realized any operating revenues. The current
version of SoftGuard, although out of the development stage and ready for
commercialization, has not yet been released. Since inception, the Company's
activities have been principally limited to organizational and initial
capitalization activities, designing and developing the technology underlying
its proposed software protection product lines and recruitment of executive
personnel. See 'Business.'
The Company is actively engaged in developing DiscGuard for CD-ROM copy
protection, and anticipates releasing the initial version by the third quarter
of 1997. The current version of SoftGuard is intended to be compatible for use
on Windows 3.x and MS-DOS based systems. Although ready for release, the Company
does not intend on currently releasing the product to the general public unless
prevailing market conditions dictate otherwise and the Company develops a sales
and other customer support infrastructure. The Company was actively engaged in
the development of expanding its SoftGuard product line for multi-platform
versatility and compatibility with other operating systems and networks. The
Company is exploring other compatible or complementary product offerings. There
can be no assurance that the Company will successfully develop or ultimately
commercialize any of these proposed products. See 'Business.'
The Company anticipates undertaking marketing efforts in North America,
Israel, Europe and the Far East to increase awareness of the Company's products.
In this respect, the Company will be exploring the possibility of establishing
strategic relationships with appropriate significant software distributors.
Further, it is anticipated that TTR Israel's new Chief Executive Officer, who
assumed his duties in September 1996, will devote a significant portion of his
time in developing appropriate marketing strategies. In addition, the Company is
utilizing an independent marketing professional to explore the possibilities of
establishing strategic relationships with well-known software developers and
distributors. See 'Management' and 'Business -- Sales and Marketing.'
The Company anticipates that its existing cash balances are sufficient to
satisfy the Company's contemplated cash requirements, based upon the Company's
present plans and certain assumptions relating to general economic and industry
conditions, market factors, and the Company's future revenues and expenditures.
If any of these factors change, the Company may be required to raise additional
funds during such period. The Company may, in any event, seek additional
financing even though the Company has no present intention, agreement,
understanding or commitment with respect to any such financing.
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As of December 31, 1996, the Company had an aggregate of approximately
$46,438 in bank loans of which principal payments are due in various
installments through 1998. These loans bear interest at rates of prime plus
2.4%-3% per annum and are secured by substantially all of the assets of TTR
Israel.
In September 1996, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement
with 732498 Ontario Ltd. ('Ontario') pursuant to which the Company borrowed and
aggregate of $133,400 at a per annum interest rate of 22%. To secure the
repayment of all amounts due, Ontario was granted a floating security interest
and lien, subject to existing liens, on all tangible and intangible property of
the Company. The principal and accrued interest on these loans were repaid in
full on the consummation of the IPO.
The Company's product development is centralized out of TTR Israel's
facilities in Israel. The Company does not have any commitments or plans to
undertake significant capital expenditures in plant or equipment, other than the
purchase of approximately $150,000 of computer equipment.
As of December 31, 1996, the Company has expended approximately $620,553 on
its research and development activities, and plans to spend approximately
$615,000 to continue such activities. Over the next 12 months, the Company plans
to spend approximately $473,000 on marketing related activities. See
'Business -- Research and Development' and ' -- Sales and Marketing.'
In December 1996 and January 1997 the Company borrowed, on an unsecured
basis, an aggregate of $450,000 from six unaffiliated investors at a per annum
interest rate of 15%. The prinicpal and accrued interest on these loans were
repaid in full on the consummation of the IPO.
To date, the Company has not generated any revenues from operations. For
the period from its inception to December 31, 1996, the Company has incurred net
losses aggregating approximately $2,059,959, reflecting principally research and
development expenses associated with SoftGuard and general and administrative
expenses. Accordingly, TTR Israel's independent auditors included an explanatory
paragraph in their report dated April 13, 1997, indicating that there is
substantial doubt regarding TTR Israel's ability to continue as a going concern.
As a development stage company, the Company has a limited relevant operating
history upon which an evaluation of the Company's prospects can be made. The
Company's prospects must therefore be evaluated in light of the problems,
expenses, delays and complications associated with a new business. As a result
of the start-up nature of the Company's business, additional operating losses
can be expected in the foreseeable future. There can be no assurance that the
Company can be operated profitably in the future. See 'Risk
Factors -- Development Stage Company; History of Operating Losses; Accumulated
Deficit; Working Capital Deficiency; Uncertainty of Future Profitability,' 'Risk
Factors -- Explanatory Paragraph in TTR Israel's Independent Auditors' Report'
and the Financial Statements.
The Company currently has 18 employees, and depending on its level of
business activity, expects to hire 12 additional employees in the next 12
months, including marketing and sales, research and development, customer
support, production and administrative personnel and had allocated approximately
$780,000 of the proceeds of the IPO for recruitment and payroll expenses for
approximately 20 additional employees over a 12 month period following the IPO,
of which 8 have been hired to date. See 'Risk Factors -- Proposed Expansion.'
The Company expects that any release of the Escrow Shares to officers,
directors, employees and consultants of the Company will be deemed compensatory,
and accordingly, will result in a substantial non-cash charge to reportable
earnings equal to the fair market value of such shares on the date of release.
Such charge could substantially increase the Company's loss or reduce or
eliminate the Company's net income, if any, for financial reporting purposes for
the period(s) during which such shares are, or become probable of being,
released from escrow. Although the amount of compensation expense recognized by
the Company will not affect the Company's total stockholders' equity, it may
have a depressive effect on the market price of the Company's securities. See
'Risk Factors -- Charge to Earnings in the Event of Release of Escrow Shares.'
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BUSINESS
The Company is primarily engaged in the design and development, and intends
to commence marketing of, a family of proprietary software security products
that are designed to prevent the unauthorized reproduction and use of computer
software programs. TTR's proposed core product, SoftGuard, is designed to be
used by software developers for inclusion in their software packages sold to
end-users. The current version of SoftGuard, although out of the development
stage and ready for commercialization, has not yet been released. The Company is
currently actively engaged in developing DiscGuard for CD-ROM copy protection.
Since its inception, the Company has been engaged primarily in product design
and testing, and has not had any sales revenue to date. The Company's primary
objective is to make SoftGuard the market standard for software protection.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
Losses related to the unauthorized use of software present an increasing
concern for software developers and publishers. The Business Software Alliance
estimated that software-piracy related losses exceeded $13 billion worldwide in
1995. In the United States, total losses from software piracy exceeded $3
billion in 1994. Illegal copies of widely-recognized software programs can
frequently be purchased in certain parts of Eastern Europe and the Far East at
retail prices that are a fraction of those prevailing in the United States and
Europe.
Additionally, the increasing use of CD-ROMs poses new dangers. Unlike
standard distribution diskettes, CD-ROMs enable the processing, storing and
distribution of vast amounts of information. Increasingly, the data contained on
the CD-ROM is of a purely informative or entertainment nature and is not
intended to be installed permanently on the user's hard-drive. Until recently,
CD-ROM software has been relatively protected from unauthorized reproduction
owing to the relatively high-cost of CD-recording technology. With the advent of
low-cost CD Recorders and mass reproduction machines, software pirates are able
to duplicate the software applications contained on the CD-ROM with no
significant impediment. The unauthorized reproduction (and distribution) of
unprotected software applications residing on CD-ROMs can represent significant
potential revenue-losses.
Software protection is a relatively new market. Until the mid-1980's,
software developers and publishers traditionally relied on copyright and
intellectual property laws to police software piracy. However, as the frequency
and sophistication of software piracy increased, continued reliance on legal
sanctions frequently proved ineffective. Software developers began to seek ways
to aggressively and effectively halt the proliferation of unauthorized copies of
their software, thereby triggering the development of the software protection
market. Most of the security solutions which were commercially available
typically required that the software to be protected be stored in an 'encrypted'
mode so as to prevent its copying. In addition, a hardware component such as a
'dongle' (key), a physical device that plugs into a computer's parallel port,
was ordinarily utilized. The device must be present in order for the protected
software to execute (or 'decrypt'). Without the key or the plug, the protected
program wouldn't ordinarily execute. The dongle acts as 'identification code,'
enabling the protected software to execute. Dongles and keys are provided
directly to the software vendor and are frequently customized for particular
software applications. The technology underlying these solutions came to
represent the 'market standard' in terms of affording effective
software-protection.
Security solutions utilizing hardware components such as dongles present
significant operational difficulties and inconveniences for legitimate
end-users. By its very nature, the key is not 'transparent,' and needs to be
physically present on a parallel port each time that the protected application
is run. Frequently, keys are not interchangeable among different applications,
necessitating a different key for each application, giving rise to a 'daisy
chain' of plugs protruding out of the back of operating units. Furthermore,
dongles cannot currently be mass-produced. Each device must be custom made or
programmed, invariably resulting in relatively high production costs.
Accordingly, dongles are ordinarily used for higher priced applications
whose retail price typically exceeds $300. Software developers of many of the
commercially available popular software applications, such as well-known
word-processing and other business related programs, have elected to forego any
software anti-copying protection. Further, the relatively high-cost of the
dongles and other peripherals
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render their use impractical for relatively lower priced CD-ROM applications,
such as games or other entertainment packages.
SoftGuard does not entail the use of any hardware peripherals such as
dongles, and requires the end-user to use a protection diskette only once at the
installation of the protected software onto the end-user's system. Thereafter,
the safety measures are transparent to the legitimate end-user, who need not be
aware of their operation. Furthermore, the utilization of SoftGuard does not
necessitate the software developer to implement design or code changes in the
software. Additionally, the Company expects to be able to mass-produce
SoftGuard, significantly decreasing the per-unit production costs. DiscGuard,
the proposed CD-ROM protection product, is intended to modify the laser optics
system of the CD-ROM mastering machine, rendering the CD-ROM non-reproducible
and thereby thwarting CD-ROM pirates' efforts to faithfully reproduce the
contents of the CD-ROM.
TTR believes that its proposed SoftGuard products will provide a versatile,
transparent, easy-to-use, effective and relatively inexpensive anti-copying
security solution that will not require the software developer to effect any
basic design changes to the protected software application program.
BUSINESS STRATEGY
The Company's primary objective is to make SoftGuard the 'market standard'
in software anti-copying protection. The Company intends to pursue a business
strategy that incorporates the following principal components:
Penetration of Software Security Markets. The Company intends to
market its proposed SoftGuard product to large well-known software
developers whose products enjoy wide geographic dispersion but who have
previously disregarded the software security market. By emphasizing
SoftGuard's reduced costs and end-user transparency, the Company hopes to
promote the penetration of the software security market beyond the current
$300 and above retail software market. In addition, new developments such
as the proposed DiscGuard CD-ROM product may enable the Company to expand
its potential customer base from software developers to CD-ROM replicators.
See 'Business -- Sales and Marketing.'
Penetration of Leading Geographic Marketing Areas. The Company has
launched its marketing and distribution efforts in Israel and in North
America. The Company also expects to expand its marketing efforts to
subsequently include Europe and the Far East. See 'Business -- Sales and
Marketing' and ' -- SoftGuard Software Protection System.'
Continued Product Expansion and Enhancement. The Company is committed
to continuous product expansion and enhancement to stay competitive with
rapid technological advancement and other changes affecting the computer
industry. The Company is focusing its research and development activities
toward lowering the cost of its existing proposed products, the design and
development of new products, and the enhancement of existing proposed
products. See 'Business -- SoftGuard Software Protection System' and
' -- Research and Development.'
Pursue Strategic Acquisitions. In addition to growing internally, the
Company desires to grow through strategic acquisitions. The Company plans
to seek to acquire new products or complementary product lines for
integration into the Company's product offerings and its business. The
Company is not currently engaged in identifying any potential acquisitions
and currently has no plans, agreements, understandings or arrangements for
any acquisitions. See 'Risk Factors -- Proposed Expansion' and 'Use of
Proceeds.'
Strengthen Competitive Advantages. The Company believes that the key
to competition is to offer an effective security product which is more
convenient to use and more cost-effective than the competition. Research
and development efforts are being focused towards making DiscGuard, a novel
approach to software security unavailable to its competition, more
effective. In addition, the Company is developing novel approaches to
software security such as its DiscGuard for CD-ROM based software, that are
unavailable to its competition. See 'Business -- Research and Development';
' -- SoftGuard Software Protection System' and ' -- Competition.'
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DISCGUARD FOR CD-ROM BASED SOFTWARE
Increasingly, popular game, video, educational materials (i.e.,
encyclopedias), business and other professional applications are distributed via
CD-ROM. A CD-ROM is able to store vast amounts of data, rendering it a more
efficient distribution vehicle than the standard diskette. Ordinarily, the user
does not install onto a hard-drive the data contained on the CD-ROM, but merely
accesses it from time to time for educative, entertainment or professional
purposes.
Until recently, CD-ROM based applications have enjoyed some immunity from
unauthorized reproduction due to the high cost of the copying hardware. However,
the decreasing costs of CD-Recorders, which can be used to faithfully reproduce
unauthorized copies of the CD-ROM, and the increased availability of other mass
reproduction machines, have contributed to the increase in CD piracy. By use of
a CD-Recorder, a software pirate is able to read the software application
program contained on the CD-ROM and to faithfully reproduce a copy of such
program on a parallel CD-ROM. Conventional encryption based technologies that
encrypt data contained on the CD-ROM are impractical if the user does not
ordinarily install the CD-ROM data onto a hard-drive. Also, dongles are
prohibitively expensive for the popular CD-ROM applications.
The Company is developing a proprietary technology, based on the SoftGuard
core technology, that permits it to programmatically distinguish between an
authentic original CD-ROM designed by the software developer and an unauthorized
reproduction. Thus, a software pirate who is attempting to copy a CD-ROM will be
prevented from faithfully reproducing the software program. The Company's
proposed solution involves modifications to the laser optics system of the
CD-ROM mastering machine. This technology is intended to prevent the faithful
reproduction of the CD-ROM itself, without reference to the data contained on
it. The Company expects to commercially release its DiscGuard CD-ROM product by
the third quarter of 1997.
Current conventional technologies utilize holograms and bad sectors as a
means of thwarting the illegal replication of CD-ROMs. The Company believes that
these methods may be easily overcome by software pirates. The Company's
DiscGuard product is unique in that it enables the mass production of DiscGuard
protected CD-ROMs without violating CD standards and specifications (i.e. no bad
sectors). Additionally, DiscGuard can also work in conjunction with hologram
based solutions.
On April 14, 1997, TTR Israel entered into a memorandum of understanding
(the 'DCA MOU') with Doug Carson and Associates Ltd. ('DCA') relating to the
principal terms of a proposed license agreement to use the DiscGuard technology.
DCA is a leading supplier of mastering interface systems for use on CD-ROM and
DVD-ROM mastering machines. Mastering machines are devices used to produce a
master disc which is used on disc replicating machines for purposes of pressing
out hundreds of thousands of discs. The Company believes that DCA designs and
produces a substantial portion of the mastering interface systems in use in
mastering and replicating machines worldwide. Pursuant to the DCA MOU, the
Company granted DCA and its subsidiaries a worldwide, non-exclusive, non-
transferable license to use DiscGuard to enhance its mastering interface
systems. Additionally, DCA has undertaken to introduce the Company to DCA
customers and end-users. Among other things, DCA has undertaken to assist Nimbus
CD International Inc. ('Nimbus'), a world recognized CD-ROM replicator, in
integrating (pursuant to the Nimbus MOU described below) the DiscGuard enhanced
mastering interface system into Nimbus' mastering machines to produce a
first-run of 1,000 DiscGuard treated CD-ROMs ('First Run'). If the First-Run is
satisfactory to the Company, of which no assurance can be given, DCA and its
subsidiaries will be granted an exclusive, one-year, non-transferable, royalty-
free license to integrate, manufacture and sell DiscGuard enhanced mastering
interface systems.
On May 11, 1997 the Company, DCA and Nimbus entered into a memorandum of
understanding (the 'Nimbus MOU') relating to the principal terms of a proposed
license agreement granting Nimbus the right to use the DisGuard technology for
the purpose of replicating DisGuard protected CD-ROMs and DVDs (the 'Protected
Media'). Upon successful completion of the First Run, Nimbus shall be granted an
exclusive six month license to produce Protected Media through mastering
machines.
During the term of the license agreement Nimbus shall pay TTR 50% of the
premium per Protected Media disc sold or distributed by or on behalf of Nimbus,
which shall be a minimum of $0.15 per disc. Additionally with respect to each
DiscGuard protected title sold or distributed by or on behalf
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of Nimbus, a mandatory $1,500 mastering charge will be collected by Nimbus, from
which TTR shall be paid $1,000.
Although no assurances can be given with respect to the successful
development and marketing of a DiscGuard product, the Company believes that the
integration of the DiscGuard technology into the DCA mastering interface system
will expose the Company's unique product line to many of the CD-ROM replicators
worldwide, thereby establishing the infrastructure necessary for software
publishers to integrate DiscGuard technology into their software products.
SOFTGUARD SOFTWARE PROTECTION SYSTEM
The proposed SoftGuard software protection products are intended to provide
comprehensive protection against unauthorized software copying. SoftGuard is to
be comprised of a specially designed protection diskette, which provides
anti-copying protection while the software resides on a distribution diskette,
CD-ROM or other distribution medium, as is the case when the software is
initially purchased by the end-user, and a software-based solution that protects
against unauthorized reproduction once the software is installed onto the
legitimate end-user's system. SoftGuard will not include any hardware
peripherals such as dongles.
The software applications to be protected will be encrypted by the software
developer using an encryption key derived from the protection diskette. The
protection diskette will be a standard commercially available diskette which is
physically altered by means of a novel and proprietary method to imprint an
identification code that is unique to the particular software house and the
specific application. The protected software will be purchased by the end-user
in the encrypted format, and such protected software will not execute or run as
intended unless it is installed in the presence of an authentic protection
diskette containing the appropriate identification code. Without the protection
diskette, the protected software will not properly install onto the end-user's
system and cannot be used. The protection diskette will be sold to the developer
and included in the applications package that is finally distributed to the
end-user. The protection diskette will be designed to be used only once by the
end-user at the time of the initial installation of the protected software.
It is intended that the developer's software program will further be
protected by the SoftGuard software licensed from the Company. As part of the
installation of the protected software onto the legitimate end-user's hard
drive, SoftGuard re-encrypts the protected software. The re-encryption effected
by SoftGuard is designed to adapt to certain unique characteristics of the
computer on which the protected software is being installed. When the authorized
or legitimate end-user tries to run the protected software (after installation
on the end-user's system), SoftGuard verifies the validity of the installed
software, decrypts the protected file and permits execution to take place.
Protected software subsequently installed or copied onto a different unit will
not work unless so authorized by the software developer, and thus will not
execute. The software developer will fix a pre-determined number of times that
the protected software can be installed (or reinstalled in the event of hard
disk failure) by the legitimate end-user. Any attempted installation beyond such
authorized number will not properly execute. Furthermore, SoftGuard will provide
the software developer with the option of limiting any installs of the protected
software for a pre-determined time-period. Thus, the end-user can try the
protected software for a limited time-period. This option will provide the
software developer with a powerful marketing tool, enabling it to expose the
benefits and applications of its software to the market without incurring the
risk of unauthorized mass-copying and distribution of the software.
The encryption key derived from the protection diskette is based on a
published algorithm. SoftGuard utilizes a unique technology to develop the
encryption keys. The encryption key is based in part upon the pattern created by
a series of marks on the diskette generated by physically altering the diskette
to remove magnetic material from its surface in pre-determined areas. The
resulting distinct pattern, or key, is used as a parameter in creating an
encryption key that can produce different encryption formats upon a
corresponding change in the key. In Management's view, this creates a highly
effective product since the unlikely event of the successful cracking of one
encryption key by an unauthorized user will not assist in the cracking of
another key.
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Additionally, most commercially available anti-copying software-based
solutions utilize an 'envelope' method of encryption whereby the executable file
to be protected is encrypted in such a manner which requires a 'jump' to the
beginning of the protected file on the system's memory when such file is
executed. For someone running a debugger, such as a potential hacker, the
envelope method acts as a beacon indicating where, on a system's memory, the
protected file resides. Once the hacker knows where the protected file begins in
the system's memory, he is able to take a snapshot of the protected file in its
unencrypted and unprotected format and download it to a disk, thereby
effectively 'cracking' the program. Unlike the envelope method of encryption
protection, SoftGuard will utilize a program that monitors all program
executions. Upon execution of a SoftGuard protected file, the SoftGuard monitor
will validate the protected file and remove the encryption, thereby allowing
successful execution. The SoftGuard method of encryption requires no 'jump' to
the beginning of the protected file on the system's memory. Thus, the potential
hacker is not informed as to where the protected file begins in the system's
memory. In Management's view, these features present significant impediments to
'cracking.'
The Company intends on using a specially designed and highly accurate
laser-based duplicating machine to mass-produce the protection diskettes (the
'Diskette Marking Machine'). Mass-production of the protection diskettes will
significantly reduce the production costs of the protected software, affording
the software developer with a low-cost effective solution to unauthorized
software copying. Since the protection diskettes will only be able to be
produced by the Company's specially designed Diskette Marking Machine,
Management believes that it is highly unlikely for an unauthorized person to
make usable copies of protection diskettes.
SoftGuard is intended to be used to safeguard MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows
EXE executable files, as well as non-executable files including Windows DLL's
and runtime applications.
SOFTGUARD SOFTWARE PROTECTION PRODUCT LINE AND DEVELOPMENTS
The initial version of SoftGuard is compatible for use on Windows and DOS
based systems. The Company is planning on expanding the proposed SoftGuard
product line for multi-platform versatility with interoperability and
compatibility with other operating systems. There can be no assurance given that
the Company will successfully develop any new products, or if developed, that
they will be developed in a timely fashion and/or result in sales. See 'Risk
Factors -- New Products and Rapid Technological Change.' The Company is
currently developing or planning on developing the following new features to the
SoftGuard product line:
SoftGuard for Windows 95. The proposed SoftGuard for Windows 95 is
intended to support protected applications that are compatible with Windows
95. Upon finalization, SoftGuard for Windows 95 is expected to include all
of the features of the Windows 3.x version of SoftGuard. The program
development is completed and the system has been tested by the Company's
quality assurance staff.
SoftGuard for Windows NT. This version is intended to support
protected applications (both 16 and 32 bit) under Windows NT. It is
expected to include all of the features found in the Windows 3.x version of
SoftGuard. The program is currently in a system design phase, which occurs
after the functional specifications of the software system have been
determined, whereby the system files, databases, logical processes and
interfaces with other systems and with a user are designed.
SoftGuard for NEC and SoftGuard for Macintosh. The overwhelming
majority of the Japanese software market utilize NEC based operating
systems. In addition, many software developers design their software to run
on Macintosh operating systems in addition to DOS/Windows. TTR is in the
functional definition stage of adapting SoftGuard to operate on these
systems, whereby the functional specifications are being developed.
NetGuard. The proposed networks version of SoftGuard is being designed
to be used on any type of network server. The networks version is intended
to support tandem servers, RAID and disk stripping, as well as automatic
crash recovery. Additionally, it is being designed to enable any desired
combination of fixed and floating licensing. The proposed product is
currently in a program design and program development stage. In program
design, the individual programs which
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comprise the processes of the system are designed. In the program
development stage, programmers use the program design documents to write
the programs which are then tested individually.
TTR REMOTE ACTIVATION CENTER FOR INTERNET (ELECTRONIC) DISTRIBUTION
Companies desiring to distribute protected software electronically need to
insure that payment for the downloaded software is received and that such
software is restricted to use to one site per payment. Utilizing the core
technology incorporated in SoftGuard, the Company believes that it is addressing
these concerns with the Remote Activation Center for Internet (Electronic)
Distribution. The Remote Activation Center as proposed is based on a triangular
communication design, linking the end-user's system, the software distributor's
Internet server and the Company's Internet server. This will permit companies
that would like to sell protected software via electronic distribution such as
the Internet to protect their software utilizing similar procedures as in the
conventional version of SoftGuard. Once the end-user downloads and pays for the
protected (encrypted) software, the distributor's server would activate a
utility which automatically notifies the Company's Internet web server. All of
this would happen automatically and transparently to the end-user. It is
intended that when the end-user installs the protected software, the Company's
Internet server will be automatically contacted. Upon verification of payment,
the Company's server would pass a decryption key to unlock the protected
software. This part of the process is similar to the install process which takes
place in the current conventional version, with the Company's server acting like
the protection diskette. Unlike other remote activation schemes, the SoftGuard
electronic distribution product will not require the end-user to enter a
key-code in order to activate the downloaded software. Once the downloaded
software is installed onto the end-user's hard drive, it will be protected in
the same way as conventionally distributed SoftGuard treated software. Thus, the
Remote Activation Center is intended to insure payment by the end-user in
addition to providing conventional software protection. The Remote Activation
Center is currently in a program design and program development phase. The
Company expects the proposed system to begin beta testing during the third
quarter of 1997 with a targeted commercial release date by the end of the fourth
quarter of 1997.
ADVANTAGES OF SOFTGUARD
From an end-user's viewpoint, copy protection is not necessarily the most
welcome feature in a software program. Many software development houses have
elected to not include software protection with their software programs because
end-users have encountered operational difficulties with, or have indicated an
unwillingness to use, such software protection. The Company believes that its
proposed SoftGuard products will address many of the operational difficulties
previously encountered by end-users. Significant features of SoftGuard available
to the end-user will include the following:
Avoids the Inconvenience Associated with Hardware Components or
Peripherals. Unlike most commercially available anti-copying solutions
utilizing hardware peripherals such as dongles, SoftGuard is proposed to be
a hardware-based solution in a software format that utilizes one diskette
that is typically used by the end-user only once at the time of
installation of the protected software onto the desired computer.
Thereafter, the solution is entirely software based. With SoftGuard, the
end-user avoids the inconvenience associated with hardware peripherals each
time the software is accessed. This renders SoftGuard versatile and
especially attractive for the growing number of laptop users.
Transparent Safety Features. Upon installation by the legitimate
end-user, the anti-copying features of SoftGuard are intended to integrate
onto the operating system and will not require any subsequent end-user
interaction. The software will be able to be accessed and used by the
legitimate end-user without any inconvenient procedures or steps on the
legitimate end-user's part. Accordingly, once the protected software
program is installed utilizing the protection diskette, the SoftGuard
safety features will be self-executing and transparent to the end-user.
Competitive Pricing. Unlike most commercially available solutions
utilizing dongles, where such peripherals need to be custom made, the
protection diskettes are expected to be mass-
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produced, resulting in a cost savings to the software developer that can be
passed onto the end-user.
Anti-virus protection. Computer viruses typically attach themselves to
executable files. Since SoftGuard protected executable files will be
maintained in an encrypted format, a by-product of SoftGuard protection is
that viruses will not be able to attach themselves to SoftGuard protected
files.
Authorized Transfers. Increasingly, end-users work outside of, or in
addition to, the traditional office setting. If the software developer
chooses, SoftGuard will be able to enable the legitimate end-user to
perform an authorized install of the protected application on both the
office-based unit and the additional portable or home-based unit, as
needed. Authorization can thus be transferred using a built in utility to
the unit where the end-user would like to work.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The computer industry in general is characterized by rapid product changes
resulting from new technological developments, performance improvements and
lower production costs. The Company's research and development activities to
date have focused on developing products responsive to perceived immediate
demands in the market. The Company believes that its future growth in the
software protection field, of which no assurance can be given, depends in large
part on its ability to be an innovator in the development and application of its
proprietary technology and know-how. The Company intends to work closely with
software developers to determine their requirements and to design enhancements
and new releases to meet their needs.
The Company has a staff of ten full-time research and development personnel
working on improvements and enhancements to current and anticipated products as
well as developing new products for the software security industry. The Company
has a policy of recruiting highly qualified technical personnel and anticipates
expanding its research and development personnel in order to maintain its
technological expertise. The Company intends to capitalize on the highly-skilled
pool of computer and engineering professionals in Israel in pursuing its product
research and development efforts.
The Company intends to expand its research and development department into
three groups: a research group, a development group and a quality assurance
group. The Company anticipates hiring between 15 and 18 additional employees to
staff these groups. The development team will be responsible for developing new
products identified by the research group and the maintenance and enhancement of
current products. The quality assurance group will be responsible for the
quality of all products and customer support. See 'Business -- Customer Support'
and 'Plan of Operation.'
TTR Israel has received grants from the OCS aggregating approximately
$97,500. An additional $112,500 has been approved (although not received) by the
OCS. Generally, grants from OCS constitute up to 50% of certain research and
development expenses on the development of products intended for export. Under
terms of the OCS's participation, a royalty of 3% of the net sales of products
developed from a project funded by OCS must generally be paid, beginning with
the commencement of sales of products developed with grant funds and ending when
150% of the grant is repaid. The terms of the Israeli government participation
also require that the manufacture of products developed with government grants
be forever performed in Israel, even after all of the required royalty payments
are made, unless a special approval has been granted. Separate Government of
Israel consent is required to transfer to third parties technologies developed
through projects in which the OCS participates. The Company believes that these
restrictions and obligations will not have a material adverse effect on the
operations of the Company since the Company does not presently anticipate
manufacturing its products outside of Israel or transferring technology
developed by it to third parties. Further, such restrictions do not apply to
exports from Israel of products developed with such technologies. Additionally,
government consent to use less offensive third party manufacturing sites outside
of Israel is not unreasonably withheld.
The Company's research and development efforts are currently focused on the
compatibility of its products with the most widely used software functioning on
different platforms. From the date of
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inception through March 31, 1997, the Company has expended approximately
$ on its research and development activities. The Company expects the
level of its research and development expense to increase in the future. The
Company allocated approximately $615,000 of the net proceeds of the IPO for
research and development activities.
SALES AND MARKETING
The Company's objective is to make SoftGuard the market standard for
software anti-copying protection. The Company allocated approximately $473,000
of the net proceeds of the IPO to be used to launch a marketing and distribution
effort initially in Israel and North America with subsequent efforts in Europe
and the Far East. See 'Risk Factors -- Limited Marketing Capability.'
The Company currently employs two salesman but anticipates expanding its
sales and marketing personnel during the next six months. Initially, the Company
plans to open a North America sales office in Boston, Massachusetts by the third
quarter of 1997. The Company is also considering future locations in Chicago,
Illinois and Houston, Texas. The Company intends to center its marketing efforts
around advertising and promotional campaigns designed to enhance brand name
recognition. See 'Business -- Patents, Trademarks and Proprietary Information.'
Mr. Arik Shavit, the new Chief Executive Officer of TTR Israel, has
extensive experience in the hi-tech marketing field and it is anticipated that
Mr. Shavit will devote a significant amount of his business time to developing
and implementing appropriate marketing strategies designed to expand recognition
of the Company and its products. See 'Management.' Additionally, the Company has
entered into an agreement with an independent marketing professional with
experience in the introduction of new hi-tech products and concepts to the
market. Management believes that utilizing the services of a market professional
is instrumental in establishing strategic relationships with certain of the
larger and internationally recognized software developers and distributors.
However, no assurance can be given that such an agreement will result in
strategic relationships with well-known software developers and distributors.
The Company intends to establish a distribution network, although no
assurance can be given, that will attempt to penetrate the relevant markets. The
Company anticipates that its marketing strategy will include original equipment
manufacturer ('OEM') arrangements with software vendors and distributors and
direct sales over the Internet. The Company views the rapid penetration of the
North American, European and Far Eastern markets as a key strategic element in
the success of its business, and it intends to devote significant marketing
efforts in these areas.
The Company intends on selling the protection diskette to software
developers or to their packagers who will include the protection diskette with
their software program that is ultimately sold to the end-user. In addition, the
Company will license its protection software to the developer. The Company will
receive a licensing fee from the developer, which is expected to be determined
on a case-by-case basis, dependent, among others, upon the retail price and the
expected sales of the software.
The Company has established an Internet web site whereby it will promote
its proposed products electronically. The Company intends on using the site, at
http:/www.ttr.co.il, to permit software houses to be able to download
demonstration test versions of its proposed Remote Activation Center. See
'Business -- TTR Remote Activation Center for Internet (Electronic)
Distribution.' Following the demonstration, the software developer will be able
to contact the Company and obtain an authorization code if it wishes to purchase
the product. The Company anticipates that electronic distribution will assume an
increasingly larger role in the product distribution efforts of software
developers. The Company plans on charging a fee to the software developer each
time the Company's Internet server is contacted by the end-user as well as a
license for including the Company's software protection in the downloaded
software, similar to conventional SoftGuard.
The Company's proposed DiscGuard CD-ROM protection technology, premised on
distinguishing between authentic and replicated CD-ROMs, will involve changes to
the circuitry controlling the laser writing of CDs on CD presses and recorders.
There is no need, however, to open up CD presses physically to modify the
circuitry. These machines are designed to accept 'plug-ins.' The Company is
developing a black box (electronic circuit), although no assurance can be given,
which can be attached
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to a CD press. The Company intends to license use of these black boxes to CD-ROM
replicators. The replicator may then use the machines to produce either
conventional or non-reproducible CDs for those clients requesting it. Clients of
the replicators are expected to pay a premium for the non-reproducible CDs, a
portion of which would go to the Company. See ' -- DiscGuard for CD-ROM Based
Software' for a discussion of the Company's Memorandum of Understanding with
Doug Carson & Associates Ltd. relating to a proposed license to enhance a
mastering interface system with the DiscGuard technology. The Company is also
currently negotiating with CD recording equipment manufacturers to incorporate
DiscGuard technology into the recorder. If agreements are entered into, to which
no assurance can be given, the Company expects that such manufacturers would be
licensed to design, manufacture and market DiscGuard enhanced recorders.
Customers of such manufacturers would then enter into separate licenses with the
Company for the software necessary to enable the DiscGuard option on the
recorder.
PRODUCTION AND SUPPLIES
The Diskette Marking Machine, used to specially mark the protection
diskettes used in SoftGuard, is specially made to the Company's order.
Management estimates that each Diskette Marking Machine is capable of supporting
the annual production, at full capacity, of 750,000 protection diskettes. The
Company currently has one fully-operating Diskette Marking Machine, which it
believes can meet its needs for a minimum of 12 months following the completion
of the IPO. Although the Company does not have a written contract with Pylon
Technologies Ltd., the manufacturer of its Diskette Marking Machine, the Company
believes, based upon the experience of Management and the Company's working
relationship with such manufacturer, that it will be able to have additional
Diskette Marking Machines produced on an as needed basis. All of the sources and
components used in the manufacture and assembly of the Diskette Marking Machine
are obtainable from local sources, except for the laser device that specially
marks each protection diskette. However, the Company believes that there are
adequate alternative sources for such devices.
The manufacture of the protection diskettes requires that standard
commercially available diskettes, specially formatted, be physically altered by
the Diskette Marking Machine to create the identification code from which the
encryption is derived. The Company obtains the specially formatted diskettes
from a local source, at an approximate cost to the Company of $.50 per formatted
diskette. The Company does not regard any one supplier as essential to its
operations, since equivalent replacements for the diskettes are either available
from one or more of the Company's other suppliers or are available from various
other sources at competitive prices.
The Company anticipates that it will be able to fill orders for its
products within several hours to no longer than several weeks after receipt of a
firm purchase order. Consequently, the Company believes that backlog will be
kept at low levels as a result of the Company's ability to fill orders
relatively quickly. Due to the nature of its intended sales and marketing
efforts and the expected resulting close contact with the customer prior to the
receipt of a purchase order, the Company anticipates being able to plan its
production and component purchases in advance in order to enable it, although no
assurance can be given, to deliver its products quickly after receipt of an
order.
The Company intends to manufacture in-house the black boxes for its
proposed DiscGuard product. All of the sources and components used in the
manufacture and assembly of the black boxes are obtainable from local sources.
The Company currently does not have a written contract with any supplier of
these parts; however, the Company believes that there are adequate alternative
sources for each component.
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
The Company believes that highly efficient, responsive and prompt customer
service is essential for the Company's success in building and retaining
customer confidence.
Upon the commencement of commercialization of its proposed products, the
Company anticipates maintaining an appropriately sized staff of customer service
personnel, which will offer direct technical support. The Company anticipates
that it will geographically disperse its support staff as needed. On a routine
basis, the support staff will be expected to provide feed-back to the Company's
research and
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development and marketing staffs. The Company intends to use a portion of the
net proceeds of this Offering to increase its customer service capabilities.
COMPETITION
The software protection industry is extremely competitive. The Company
faces tough competition from companies that are more established, benefit from
greater market recognition and have greater resources, financial and otherwise,
than the Company. The Company's primary competitors are Rainbow Technologies
Inc. and Aladdin Knowledge Systems Ltd., whom the Company believes to have the
largest installed product base in the limited market that exists for software
security products. Further, there can be no assurance that existing software
companies will not enter the market in the future. Most of the software
protection products distributed by each of these competitors utilize a hardware
device such as a dongle. Although the Company believes that its proposed
SoftGuard line of products will be favorably distinguishable from those of its
competitors, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
penetrate any of its competitor's portion of the market. See 'Risk
Factors -- Competition.'
The Company believes that its principal competitive advantages will be its
ability to offer a relatively inexpensive and effective software-protection
solution that does not utilize any hardware components (other than a protection
diskette) such as a dongle, plug, key or similar device that is compatible with
a wide variety of operating systems and platforms. The Company believes that its
proposed products will provide an additional competitive advantage in that they
are transparent to the end-user and do not interfere with the operation of the
computer or the protected application. Additionally, the Company's expected
ability to mass-produce the protection diskettes may provide it with an
additional competitive advantage in that it is anticipated to significantly
reduce the protected software's per-unit production costs. There can, however,
be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue developing products
with innovative features and functions, or that competitive pressures will not
result in price reductions that could materially adversely affect the Company.
See 'Risk Factors -- Competition.'
PATENTS, TRADEMARKS AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
The Company currently relies on a combination of trade secret, copyright
and trademark law, as well as non-disclosure agreements and invention-assignment
agreements, to establish and protect the technologies used in its proposed
products and other proprietary information. In addition, the Company has filed
patent applications in the United States, Israel, Germany, France, Great
Britain, the Netherlands and Japan with respect to the technology underlying the
imprinting of the protection diskettes to be used in SoftGuard and has filed
patent applications in the United States for the technology underlying the
proposed DiscGuard CD-ROM based protection and intends on filing additional
applications in other countries. There can be no assurance that any patents will
be granted or that the Company's proprietary technology will remain a secret or
that others will not develop similar technology and use such technology to
compete with the Company. See 'Risk Factors -- Uncertain Ability to Protect
Patent-Pending Technology' and ' -- Legal Proceedings.'
The Company is of the view that its software products are proprietary and
are protected by copyright law, non-disclosure and secrecy agreements. The
Company also relies on proprietary know-how and employs various methods, such as
the proper labeling of confidential documents and non-disclosure agreements, to
protect its processes, concepts, ideas and documentation associated with its
proprietary products. However, such methods may not afford complete protection
and there can be no assurance that others will not independently develop such
processes, concepts, ideas and documentation.
The Company believes that product recognition is an important competitive
factor. Accordingly, the Company intends to promote the 'SoftGuard,' 'NetGuard,'
'Remote Activation Center' and 'DiscGuard' trademarks in connection with its
marketing activities. The Company pursues the registration of its trademarks in
the United States and (based upon anticipated use) internationally, and has
applied for the registration of certain of its trademarks, including
'SoftGuard.' The Company intends on making additional applications for
registration with respect to other marks. There can be no
26
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assurance that prior registrations and/or uses of one or more of such marks (or
a confusingly similar mark) does not exist in one or more of such countries, in
which case the Company might thereby be precluded from registering and/or using
such mark in such country. The Company's use and registration rights with
respect to any trademark does not ensure that the Company has superior rights to
others that may register or use identical or similar marks on related goods and
services. See 'Risk Factors -- Trademark Registration.'
CONDITIONS IN ISRAEL
The following information is intended to advise prospective investors of
certain conditions in Israel that could affect the Company.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS
Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a state of
hostility existed, varying as to degree, among Israel and various Arab
countries. A peace agreement was signed between Israel and Egypt in 1979 and
limited relations have been established. A peace treaty with the Hashemite
Kingdom of Jordan was signed in 1995, ending the state of war along Israel's
longest border.
Since December 1987, civil unrest has existed in the territories which came
under Israel's control in 1967. In April 1994, negotiations between Israel and
the Palestine Liberation Organization resulted in the signing of an interim
agreement to grant Palestinian Arabs limited autonomy in certain of the
Territories administered by Israel. The interim agreement was followed by a
series of agreements and understandings expanding the areas subject to
autonomous administration. No prediction can be made as to whether a final
resolution of the area's problems will be achieved, as to the nature of any such
resolution or whether the civil unrest in the administered territories will
continue and to what extent the unrest will have an adverse impact on Israel's
economic development or on the operations of the Company in the future.
All adult male permanent residents of Israel under the age of 51 are,
unless exempt, obligated to perform up to 45 days of military reserve duty
annually. Additionally, all such residents are subject to being called to active
duty at any time under emergency circumstances. Many of the male employees of
the Company (including its President) are currently obligated to perform annual
reserve duty. While the Company and its personnel have operated effectively
under these requirements, no assessments can be made as to the full impact on
the Company's work force or business if conditions should change and no
prediction can be made as to the effect on the Company of any expansion or
reduction of these obligations.
Certain countries and companies participate in a boycott of Israeli
companies and others doing business in Israel or with Israel companies. The
Company, however, believes that the boycott will not have an material adverse
impact on the Company's business.
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Israel's economy has been subject to numerous de-stabilizing factors,
including a period of rampant inflation in the early to mid 1980s, low foreign
exchange reserves, fluctuations in world commodity prices, military conflicts
and civil unrest. For these and associated reasons, the Israeli Government has
intervened in sectors of the Israeli economy, employing among other means,
fiscal and monetary policies, import duties, foreign currency restrictions and
control of wages, prices and exchange rates, and has frequently reversed or
modified its policies in all these areas. The New Israeli Shekel ('NIS') is
linked to a weighted basket of major currencies, of which the US Dollar
constitutes 50%. Periodically, the central Bank of Israel resets the target
exchange rate of the NIS in relation to the currency basket, and allows the
actual exchange rate to float within a range of 5% of the target rate.
Israel has recently experience a wave of immigration from the former Soviet
Union and its satellite countries. Almost 600,000 new immigrants have arrived
since 1989. The rate of recent immigration, however, has declined dramatically.
If immigration were to resume to its former levels, increased strains on
government services, economic development and resources could be expected.
Notwithstanding, it could be expected that such increased immigration would also
result in an increase in the highly-skilled labor pool.
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TRADE AGREEMENTS
Israel is a member of the United Nations, the international Monetary Fund,
the International Bank for Reconstruction & Development and the International
Finance Corporation. Israel is a signatory to the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade, which provides for reciprocal lowering of trade barriers among its
members.
Israel became associated with the European Union by an agreement concluded
in 1975 which confers certain advantages with respect to Israeli exports to most
of the European countries and obliges Israel to lower its tariffs with respect
to imports from those countries over a number of years.
In 1985, Israel and the United States entered into an agreement to
establish a Free Trade Area, which is intended to ultimately eliminate all
tariff and certain non-tariff trade between the two countries. Under the
Agreement, most products received immediate duty free status in 1985, staged
reductions are taking place on others and reductions on tariffs relative to a
third category may be accelerated prior to 1995, by which all tariffs are to be
eliminated.
PROPERTIES
The Company, through TTR Israel, currently leases approximately 4,860
square feet for its executive offices, research and production facilities in
Kfar Saba, Israel at a monthly rental of approximately $4,025 pursuant to a
three-year lease expiring in May 1999, subject to two optional annual renewals
through May 2001.
EMPLOYEES
The Company presently has 18 full-time employees, of whom ten are employed
in research and development, two in sales, three in management, one in quality
assurance, and two in administration.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is not a party to any material litigation and is not aware of
any pending or threatened litigation; except as follows:
On October 31, 1996, the Company received a letter from attorneys
representing Smart Chip Group USA ('Smart Chip') in Israel relating to
allegations that the Company was infringing certain proprietary rights of Smart
Chip and/or its affiliates. Specifically, Smart Chip alleged that the
technologies comprising the Company's proposed products use or are derived from
technologies developed by Dr. Baruch Sollish, the Company's Vice
President -- Product Research and Development, as part of his prior consulting
services provided to Smart Chip. The Company has denied these allegations.
Management believes that the allegations are without merit and intends, should
it become necessary, to vigorously defend against those claims. However, there
can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in defending against
such claims. See 'Risk Factors -- Uncertain Ability to Protect Patent-Pending
Technology.'
On March 31, 1997, the Company was served with notice of a law suit filed
with the District Court in Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel by Henry Israel, a former
consultant of the Company, alleging that an oral agreement exists between the
Company and Mr. Israel to which Mr. Israel is entitled, as consideration for
services rendered and the assignment of all investor's rights, to 5% of the
'rights' in SoftGuard, including DiscGuard and any further developments and
enhancements therein, as well as any proceeds received therefrom. Management
believes that the allegations are without merit. Notwithstanding, to avoid
costly litigation, the Company entered into an agreement with Mr. Israel on May
6, 1997 (the 'Settlement Agreement') whereby Mr. Israel dismissed the law suit
with prejudice in consideration of the Company's issuance to him of 15,000
shares of Common Stock. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Company has
agreed to register such shares under the Securities Act and has guaranteed,
under certain circumstances, a gross sales price in an ordinary brokerage
transaction in the over-the-counter market of $15.50 per share. The Company's
obligation shall terminate if at any time after registration the sale price at
which the Company's publicly traded common stock trades averages in excess of
$15.50 per share for a consecutive 2 business day period.
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MANAGEMENT
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The names, ages and positions of the executive officers and Directors of
the Company are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION
- -------------------------------- --- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Marc D. Tokayer................. 40 Chairman of the Board, President and Treasurer; and President and
Director of TTR Israel
Baruch Sollish.................. 50 Director, Vice President -- Product Research and Development and
Secretary; and Director of Product Research and Development and
Director of TTR Israel
Arik Shavit..................... 47 Director and Vice President; and Chief Executive Officer and Director of
TTR Israel
Robert Friedman................. 35 Chief Financial Officer
</TABLE>
Marc D. Tokayer is the founder of the Company and has been Chairman of the
Board of Directors, President and Treasurer of the Company since its inception
in July 1994 and Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief
Executive Officer of TTR Israel since its inception in December 1994. From
September 1992 until he joined the Company, Mr. Tokayer worked as an independent
consultant primarily in the areas of business applications. From October 1990
through August 1992, Mr. Tokayer was employed by Yael Ltd., a software company,
where he managed the development of the Central Inventory Control System.
Baruch Sollish, Ph.D. has been a Director of the Company and the Manager of
Product Research and Development for TTR Israel since December 1994. He was
elected the Vice President -- Product Research and Development and Secretary of
the Company in September 1996. Dr. Sollish created the core technology that
makes up the SoftGuard protection process. Prior to joining the Company, from
June 1987 through December 1994, Dr. Sollish founded and managed Peletronics
Ltd., an Israel software company, engaged primarily in the field of smart cards
and software design for personnel administration, municipal tax authorities and
billing procedures at bank clearance centers. Dr. Sollish holds six United
States Patents in the fields of electro optics, ultrasound and electronics and
has published and lectured extensively.
Arik Shavit has been a Director and Vice President of the Company and the
Chief Executive Officer of TTR Israel since September 1996. Prior thereto, Mr.
Shavit was a Manager of Business Development, Smart Card Services at IBM Israel
Ltd., where he had held this position since August 1994. From August 1990
through July 1994, Mr. Shavit founded and managed Silvaco (Israel) Ltd., an
Israeli subsidiary of SILVACO International, Inc., a California based software
company which develops state-of-the-art computer aided engineering (CAE)
Software Applications and provided development, marketing and support services.
Mr. Shavit also served as Corporate Vice-President and Director of the United
States company.
Robert Friedman has been the Chief Financial Officer of the Company since
March 11, 1997. Prior thereto from 1993 to 1996, Mr. Friedman was employed as a
Vice President at Oppenheimer & Co., Inc., New York, where he managed the Israel
Desk. Between 1990-1991, Mr. Friedman was a Vice President at the Castle Group
Ltd. in New York, a venture capital firm where he performed financial and
strategic marketing analysis for seed capital investments and equity private
placements for hi-tech companies.
In accordance with the by-laws of the Company, the number of directors of
the Company shall be three, unless such number is increased or decreased by a
vote of the majority of the outstanding shares of the Company. The Company
currently has three directors, Messrs. Tokayer, Sollish and Shavit. All
directors hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and the
election and qualification of their successors. Directors currently receive no
cash compensation for serving on the Board of Directors. The Underwriter has the
right during the five-year period following the date of this Prospectus, in its
sole discretion, to designate two persons for the election as directors, or
alternatively to designate two individuals to serve as non-voting advisors to
the Company's Board of Directors. The
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Underwriter has no intention to select either designee in the immediate future.
Officers are elected annually by the Board of Directors and serve at the
discretion of the Board.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth all compensation awarded to, earned by, or
paid for all services rendered to the Company during Fiscal 1996, Fiscal 1995
and Fiscal 1994 by the Company's President and Vice President -- Research and
Development. No executive officers received compensation in excess of $100,000
during such periods.
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
ANNUAL COMPENSATION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ANNUAL COMPENSATION
-------------------------------------------
OTHER ANNUAL
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION COMPENSATION
(1)(2)(3) YEAR SALARY ($) BONUS ($) ($)
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
- ----------------------------------- ------- ------------ ----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Marc D. Tokayer ................... 1996 $ 60,000 0 (1)
Chairman, President and CEO 1995 $ 60,000 0 (1)
1994 $ 60,000 0 (1)
Baruch Sollish .................... 1996 $ 65,000 0 (1)
Vice President - Research and 1995 $ 60,000 0 (1)
Development 1994 n/a n/a n/a
<CAPTION>
LONG-TERM COMPENSATION
--------------------------------------------------
AWARDS
----------------------- PAYOUTS
RESTRICTED SECURITIES -----------------------
STOCK UNDERLYING LTIP ALL OTHER
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION AWARD(S) OPTIONS/ PAYOUTS COMPENSATION
(1)(2)(3) ($) SARS (#) ($) ($)
(a) (f) (g) (h) (i)
- --------------------------------------------- ---------- ------- ------------
<S> <<C> <C> <C> <C>
Marc D. Tokayer ................... 0 0 0 0
Chairman, President and CEO 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
Baruch Sollish .................... 0 0 0 0
Vice President - Research and 0 0 0 0
Development n/a n/a n/a n/a
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) The above compensation figures do not include the cost to the Company of the
use of automobiles leased by the Company, the cost to the Company of
benefits, including premiums for life and health insurance and any other
personal benefits provided by the Company to such persons in connection with
the Company's business, all of which in the aggregate does not exceed the
lesser of $50,000 or 10% of such person's annual salary and bonus.
(2) See 'Employment Arrangements' for a description of Marc D. Tokayer's
employment agreement as President of TTR Israel and Baruch Sollish's
employment agreement as Director of Product Research & Development of TTR
Israel.
(3) Mr. Tokayer's compensation commenced effectively on October 15, 1994. Dr.
Sollish's compensation commenced effectively on January 1, 1995. Arik Shavit
assumed the position of Chief Executive Officer of TTR Israel in September
1996 pursuant to an employment agreement more fully described in 'Employment
Arrangements.'
------------------------
The Company did not grant any options in the last three fiscal years to any
of its executive officers. The Company does not have any long-term incentive
plans for compensating its executive officers.
EMPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS
TTR Israel has entered into an employment agreement with Marc Tokayer,
pursuant to which Mr. Tokayer is employed as the President and General Manager
for a term of three years commencing in August 1994. Pursuant to the employment
agreement, Mr. Tokayer will devote his full business time in consideration of a
monthly salary of $5,000, subject to adjustment. If Mr. Tokayer is terminated
without cause, as defined in the agreement, then he shall be entitled to
continue to receive his salary and benefits for an additional 12 months subject
to certain limitations.
TTR Israel has entered into an employment agreement with Baruch Sollish, as
amended, pursuant to which Dr. Sollish is employed as the Director of Product
Research & Development for a term of one year commencing in December 1995 and
renewable for an additional year. Pursuant to the amended employment agreement,
Dr. Sollish will devote his full business time in consideration of a monthly
salary of $8,000 plus a one-time bonus of $50,000.
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TTR Israel has entered into an employment agreement with Arik Shavit,
pursuant to which Mr. Shavit shall be employed as the Chief Executive Officer
for a term of three years commencing in September 1996. Pursuant to the
employment agreement, Mr. Shavit will devote his full business time in
consideration of a monthly salary of $8,334, subject to adjustment. Pursuant to
the employment agreement, Mr. Shavit will be issued warrants to purchase an
aggregate of 217,473 shares of Common Stock upon the date of this Prospectus.
The warrants are exercisable at $.01 per share until September 2002, subject to
a four-year vesting schedule, whereby the first 72,491 warrants are not
exercisable until September 1997, 48,328 in September 1998, 48,327 in September
1999 and 48,327 in September 2000. See 'Certain Transactions.'
The Company has entered into an employment agreement with Robert Friedman,
pursuant to which Mr. Friedman is employed as the Chief Financial Officer of the
Company for a term of one year commencing in March 1997 and automatically
renewable for an additional year. Mr. Friedman will devote his full business
time in consideration of a monthly salary of $5,000, subject to adjustment.
Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Friedman was granted options to
purchase an aggregate of 100,000 shares of Common Stock, 60,000 of such shares
at an exercise price of $5.00 per share, which was below the then current market
price per share on the date of grant and 40,000 shares at $10.00 per share. See
the Consolidated Financial Statements. Mr. Friedman was also issued 50,000
shares of Common Stock, which are being held in escrow pending release as
follows: 25,000 shares on July 31, 1997 and 25,000 shares on January 31, 1998,
subject to continuous employment with the Company.
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
1996 STOCK OPTION PLAN
In June 1996, the Board of Directors adopted, subject to stockholder
approval, the Company's Incentive & Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan (the '1996
Plan'). The 1996 Plan provides for the grant to qualified employees (including
officers and directors) of the Company of options to purchase shares of Common
Stock. A total of 450,000 shares of Common Stock have been reserved for issuance
upon exercise of stock options granted under the 1996 Plan. The 1996 Plan is
administered by the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board of Directors
(the 'Compensation Committee') whose members are not entitled to receive options
under the Plan (excluding options granted exclusively for directors fees). The
Compensation Committee has complete discretion to select the optionee and to
establish the terms and conditions of each option, subject to the provisions of
the Plan. Options granted under the Plan may or may not be 'incentive stock
options' as defined in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code ('Incentive
Options') depending upon the terms established by the Compensation Committee at
the time of grant, but the exercise price of options granted may not be less
than 100% of the fair market value of the Common Stock as of the date of grant
(110% of the fair market value if the grant is an Incentive Option to an
employee who owns more than 10% of the outstanding Common Stock). Options may
not be exercised more than 10 years after the grant (five years if the grant is
an Incentive Option to any employee who owns more than 10% of the outstanding
Common Stock). Options granted under the Plan are not transferable and may be
exercised only by the respective grantees during their lifetimes or by their
heirs, executors or administrators in the event of death. Under the 1996 Plan,
shares subject to canceled or terminated options are reserved for subsequently
granted options. The number of options outstanding and the exercise price
thereof are subject to adjustment in the case of certain transactions such as
mergers, recapitalizations, stock splits or stock dividends.
As of the date of this Prospectus, the Company has granted options to
purchase an aggregate of 135,000 shares of Common Stock including 5,000 shares
to a former director of the Company exercisable for a period of four and
one-half years at an exercise price of $6.00 per share, 100,000 shares to the
Company's Chief Financial Officer exercisable for a period of 4 years comprised
of 60,000 shares at an exercise price of $5.00 per share and 40,000 shares at an
exercise price of $10.00 per share, 15,000 shares to a consultant exercisable
for a period of 4 years at an exercise price of $7.00 per share and an aggregate
of 15,000 shares to seven employees for a period of 4 years at an exercise price
of $7.00 per share. See the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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INDEMNIFICATION
Pursuant to the Company's Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws,
officers and directors of the Company shall be indemnified by the Company to the
fullest extent allowed under Delaware law for claims brought against them in
their capacities as officers or directors. Indemnification is not allowed if the
officer or director does not act in good faith and in a manner reasonably
believed to be in the best interests of the Company, or if the officer or
director had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was lawful. Accordingly,
indemnification may occur for liabilities arising under the Securities Act. The
Company and the Underwriter have agreed to indemnify each other (including
officers and directors) against certain liabilities, including liabilities under
the Securities Act. See 'Underwriting.' Insofar as indemnification for
liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for directors,
officers and controlling persons of the Company pursuant to the foregoing
provisions or otherwise, the Company has been advised that in the opinion of the
Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth, as of the date of this Prospectus, certain
information, with respect to the beneficial ownership of Common Stock by (i)
each person known by the Company to be the owner of more than 5% of the
outstanding Common Stock, (ii) each director, (iii) each executive officer named
in the Summary Compensation Table and (iv) all directors and executive officers
as a group:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AMOUNT AND
NATURE OF PERCENTAGE OF
NAME AND ADDRESS BENEFICIAL OUTSTANDING SHARES
OF BENEFICIAL OWNER(1) OWNERSHIP(2) OWNED(3)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Marc D. Tokayer(4)............................................................. 693,547 21.4%
Baruch Sollish................................................................. 100,000 3.1
Arik Shavit(5)................................................................. 0 0
Robert Friedman(6)............................................................. 100,000 3.0
Canova Finance Inc.(7)......................................................... 582,375 16.1
Etilon Trading Ltd.(8)......................................................... 582,375 16.1
Joe Ohayon(9).................................................................. 232,275 6.8
Chana Sasha Foundation Inc.(10)................................................ 169,975 5.0
All directors and executive officers as a group (4 persons)(4)(5)(6)........... 953,547 28.3
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner is c/o
TTR Inc., 2 Hanagar Street, Kfar Saba, ISRAEL 44425.
(2) Unless otherwise noted, the Company believes that all persons named in the
table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of
Common Stock beneficially owned by them. A person is deemed to be the
beneficial owner of securities that can be acquired by such person within
60 days from the date hereof upon the exercise of warrants or options. Each
beneficial owner's percentage ownership is determined by assuming that
options or warrants that are held by such person (but not those held by any
other person) and which are exercisable within 60 days from the date hereof
have been exercised.
(3) Based on 3,238,548 shares outstanding (excluding 1,000,000 Escrow Shares).
(4) Includes 384,274 shares held by the Tokayer Family Trust (the 'Trust'). The
wife of Mr. Tokayer is the Trustee for the Trust, and the income
beneficiaries of the Trust are Mr. Tokayer's children. Mr. Tokayer does not
have or share any voting power or investment power with respect to
securities held by the Trust, and accordingly, disclaims beneficial
ownership of all such securities. The Trust may be deemed to own 11.8% of
the outstanding shares of Common Stock.
The amount of beneficial ownership for Mr. Tokayer excludes 269,274 Escrow
Shares in the name of Mr. Tokayer and 730,726 Escrow Shares in the name of
the Trust. Including the Escrow Shares
(footnotes continued on next page)
32
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<PAGE>
(footnotes continued from previous page)
would increase Mr. Tokayer's percentage of outstanding shares owned to
approximately 40%. See 'Principal Stockholders -- Escrow Shares.'
See 'Principal Stockholders -- Voting Arrangements' for a description of a
voting arrangement entered into among Mr. Tokayer, the Trust, Dr. Sollish
and three other stockholders with an aggregate of 971,547 shares of Common
Stock (approximately 30%) whereby they have agreed to vote their respective
shares to elect directors and in support of positions favored by a majority
of the shares held among them.
(5) Excludes 217,473 shares issuable upon exercise of a like number of warrants
which will not be immediately exercisable. See 'Management -- Employment
Arrangement' and 'Certain Transactions.'
(6) Includes 100,000 shares issuable upon exercise of a like number of options.
Excludes 50,000 shares held in escrow, of which 25,000 shares are to be
released on July 31, 1997 and 25,000 shares are to be released on January
31, 1998, subject to Mr. Friedman's continuous employment with the Company.
See 'Management -- Employment Arrangements.'
(7) Includes 387,500 shares issuable upon exercise of a like number of
warrants. The address of Canova Finance Inc. is 3 New Burlington Street,
London WIX 1FE United Kingdom and its principals are Mariana Hubli and
Angela Sanchez.
(8) Includes 387,500 shares issuable upon exercise of a like number of
warrants. The address of Etilon Trading Limited is 4, Lower Hatch Street,
Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland and its principals are James Graffick, Simon
Elmont and Gilles Corset.
(9) Includes 153,500 shares issuable upon exercise of a like number of
warrants.
(10) Includes 71,500 shares issuable upon exercise of a like number of warrants.
Chana Sasha Foundation, Inc. is a charitable foundation managed by Morris
Wolfson and Ariel Wolfson, whose address is 1 State Street Plaza, New York,
NY 10004.
------------------------
By virtue of his ownership of Common Stock and position with the Company,
Marc D. Tokayer may be deemed a 'parent' and 'founder' of the Company as such
terms are defined under the Federal securities laws.
ESCROW SHARES
The 1,000,000 Escrow Shares are not assignable or transferable. The Escrow
Shares were deposited in escrow pursuant to an Escrow Agreement by and among the
Company, Marc D. Tokayer (269,274 shares), the Trust (730,726 shares) and Aboudi
& Brounstein Trustees Ltd. (the 'Escrow Agent') dated as of January 8, 1995 (the
'Escrow Agreement'). The Escrow Shares will be released from escrow, on a pro
rata basis, unless otherwise agreed to by the Underwriter, if one or more of the
following conditions are met:
(a) 250,000 Escrow Shares (67,319 shares to Mr. Tokayer and 182,681
shares to the Trust) shall be released if (i) the Company's net income
before provision for income taxes and exclusive of any extraordinary
earnings (all as audited by the Company's independent public accountants)
(the 'Minimum Pretax Income') amounts to at least $1,800,000 for the fiscal
year ending December 31, 1997; or (ii) the Bid Price (as defined in the
Escrow Agreement) of the Common Stock averages in excess of $15.00 per
share for 30 consecutive business days during the 12 month period
commencing on the date of this Prospectus;
(b) 300,000 Escrow Shares (80,782 shares to Mr. Tokayer and 219,218
shares to the Trust) shall be released if (i) the Company's Minimum Pretax
Income amounts to at least $4,000,000 for the fiscal year ending December
31, 1998; or (ii) the Bid Price (as defined in the Escrow Agreement) of the
Common Stock averages in excess of $20.00 per share for 30 consecutive
business days during the 12 month period commencing 12 months from the date
of this Prospectus;
33
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(c) 450,000 Escrow Shares (121,173 shares to Mr. Tokayer and 328,827
shares to the Trust) shall be released if (i) the Company's Minimum Pretax
Income amounts to at least $6,000,000 for the fiscal year ending December
31, 1999; or (ii) the Bid Price (as defined in the Escrow Agreement) of the
Common Stock averages in excess of $25.00 per share for 30 consecutive
business days during the 12 month period commencing 24 months from the date
of this Prospectus;
(d) During the periods specified in (a), (b) or (c) above, the Company
is acquired by or merged into another entity in a transaction in which the
value of the per share consideration received by the stockholders of the
Company on the date of such transaction or at any time during the
applicable period set forth in (a), (b) or (c), respectively, equals or
exceeds the applicable levels set forth in (a), (b) or (c), respectively,
then such respective amount of Escrow Shares shall be released.
Notwithstanding the conditions of release specified above, the Escrow
Shares are subject to the Company Lock-up (as defined hereafter). See 'Shares
Eligible for Future Sale.' The Minimum Pretax Income amounts set forth above
shall (i) be calculated exclusively of any extraordinary earnings including, but
not limited to, any charge to income resulting from release of the Escrow Shares
and (ii) be increased proportionately, with certain limitations, in the event
additional shares of Common Stock or securities convertible into, exchangeable
for or exercisable into Common Stock are issued after completion of this
Offering. The Bid Price amounts set forth above are subject to adjustment in the
event of any stock splits, reverse stock splits or other similar events.
Pursuant to the Escrow Agreement, any money, securities, rights or property
distributed in respect of the Escrow Shares, including any property distributed
as dividends or pursuant to any stock split, merger, recapitalization,
dissolution, or total or partial liquidation of the Company, shall be held in
escrow by the Escrow Agent until release of the Escrow Shares. During the time
the Escrow Shares are held in escrow, the Escrow Agent will vote the Escorw
Shares in the same manner as the majority of all other shares of the Company's
outstanding Common Stock is voted. If the applicable Minimum Pretax Income, the
Bid Price or alternative tests set forth above have not been met by March 31 of
the following fiscal year, then the Escrow Shares, as well as any dividends or
other distributions made with respect thereto, will be cancelled and contributed
to the capital of the Company. The Company expects that the release, if any, of
the Escrow Shares to officers, directors, employees and consultants of the
Company will be deemed compensatory and, accordingly, will result in a
substantial charge to reportable earnings, which would equal the fair market
value of such shares on the date of release. Such charge could substantially
increase the loss or reduce or eliminate the Company's net income for financial
reporting purposes for the period(s) during which such shares are, or become
probable of being, released from escrow. Although the amount of compensation
expense recognized by the Company will not affect the Company's total
stockholders' equity, it may have a negative effect on the market price of the
Company's securities. See 'Plan of Operation,' 'Risk Factors -- Charge to
Earnings in the Event of Release of Escrow Shares' and Note 13 of Notes to
Financial Statements.
The Minimum Pretax Income and Bid Price levels set forth above were
determined by negotiation between the Company and the Underwriter and should not
be construed to imply or predict any future earnings by the Company or any
increase in the market price of its securities.
VOTING ARRANGEMENTS
Marc D. Tokayer, Chairman of the Board, the Tokayer Family Trust, Baruch
Sollish, Director and three other stockholders with an aggregate of 971,547
shares of Common Stock (approximately 30%), have entered into a voting
arrangement whereby they have agreed to vote their respective shares to elect
directors and in support of positions favored by a majority of the shares held
among them. See 'Risk Factors -- Control by Management and Current
Stockholders.'
CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
In July 1994, the Company sold 1,200,000 shares of its Common Stock to Marc
D. Tokayer, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company. Mr. Tokayer
subsequently contributed 561,453 shares to the Company which were immediately
cancelled by the Company and deposited 269,274
34
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
shares into escrow. The shares were issued in consideration of services
performed and Mr. Tokayer's shares of Common Stock of TBR Systems Inc. ('TBR')
(representing approximately 22% of the then issued equity of TBR), in the
aggregate valued at $1,200 ($.001 per share) (ascribing no value to the shares
of TBR). In August 1994, the Company sold 1,200,000 shares of its Common Stock
to the Trust, which may be deemed an affiliate of the Issuer, in consideration
of $25,000. The Trust subsequently transferred 85,000 shares to an unaffiliated
third party in exchange for services and deposited 730,726 shares into escrow.
See 'Principal Stockholders.'
TTR Inc. retained Shane, Alexander, Unterburgher Securities, Inc. ('SAU')
to assist it in the establishment of a United States-based sales and
representative office at a fee of $7,900 per month and the issuance of warrants
for 185,000 shares of Common Stock for the period from November 1, 1994 through
December 31, 1995. SAU subsequently transferred the warrants to non-affiliated
third parties.
In November 1994, the Company loaned SAU $256,000, which was repaid in its
entirety in 1995. The terms of the loan included an interest rate of 8% per
annum, with principal and interest payable by December 31, 1995.
In November 1994 and June 1995, the Company advanced an aggregate of
$26,000 to Marc D. Tokayer, Chairman of the Board. Mr. Tokayer has agreed to
repay these advances at the closing of the IPO.
In January 1995, TTR Israel acquired the technology underlying certain of
the features of SoftGuard from Rina Marketing R&D Ltd., an Israeli software
company ('Rina'). Until December 1994, Dr. Baruch Sollish, a director of the
Company, was affiliated with Rina. Dr. Sollish was responsible for developing
the technology purchased by the Company from Rina. In consideration of the
purchase of such technology, the Company paid to Rina at closing $50,000.
Following purchase of the technology, the Company developed, enhanced and added
to such technology to develop the SoftGuard line of products.
In January 1996, the Company sold 50,000 shares of its Common Stock to
Chana Sasha Foundation, Inc. ('CSF') for $100,000. In April 1996, the Company
completed a private placement of 650,000 shares of Common Stock and warrants to
purchase an additional 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock to Canova Finance Inc.
(251,875 shares and 387,500 warrants), Etilon Trading Ltd. (251,875 shares and
387,500 warrants), Joe Ohayon (99,775 shares and 153,500 warrants) and CSF
(46,475 shares and 71,500 warrants) for an aggregate purchase price of $200,000,
including $10,000 ascribed to the warrants. The warrants are exercisable at
$7.00 per share. See 'Description of Securities -- Prior Financings.'
In September 1996, the Company agreed to issue upon the date of the IPO
217,473 warrants to Arik Shavit, a director of the Company, pursuant to his
employment agreement with TTR Israel as its Chief Executive Officer. The
warrants are exercisable at $.01 per share until September 2002 subject to a
four-year vesting schedule, whereby the first 72,491 warrants are not
exercisable until September 1997. See 'Management -- Employment Arrangements.'
In March 1997, the Company entered into a financial consulting agreement
with Ephod Israel Group LLC ('Ephod') to provide general financial and
investment advice to the Company with respect to, among other things, potential
strategic investors and potential acquisition targets and other areas of joint
cooperation and development. Under the terms of the agreement which expires on
December 31, 1997, Ephod was paid $100,000 at the time of execution of the
contract.
In March 1997, the Company issued 50,000 shares of Common Stock to Robert
Friedman, the Company's Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to his employment
agreement. The shares are being held in escrow, with half being released on July
31, 1997 and half being released on January 31, 1998, subject to Mr. Friedman's
continuous employment with the Company. See 'Management -- Employment
Arrangements.'
For information concerning employment and consulting agreements with, and
compensation of, the Company's executive officers and directors, see
'Management -- Executive Compensation; Employment Arrangements; and Employee
Benefit Plans.' See 'Principal Stockholders -- Voting Arrangements' for a
description of a voting arrangement to be entered into among certain members of
Management and other stockholders.
35
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
The Company believes that the terms of each of the foregoing transactions
and those which will exist after the consummation of the Offering are no less
favorable to the Company than could have been obtained from non-affiliated third
parties, although no independent appraisals were obtained. In the future, all
transactions between the Company and its affiliates will also be on terms which
the Company believes will continue to be no less favorable to the Company than
the Company could obtain from non-affiliated parties. The Company represents
that any future loans or advances made to any officers, directors or 5%
beneficial stockholders will be done only for bona fide business purposes.
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
COMMON STOCK
The Company is authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $.001
par value per share, of which 3,238,548 shares (excluding 1,000,000 Escrow
Shares) are currently outstanding and held of record by approximately 71
holders. See 'Principal Stockholders -- Escrow Shares' for a description of the
Escrow Shares. Holders of shares of Common Stock are entitled to one vote for
each share held of record on all matters to be voted on by stockholders. There
are no preemptive, subscription, conversion or redemption rights pertaining to
the shares of Common Stock. Holders of shares of Common Stock are entitled to
receive dividends when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors from funds
legally available therefor and to share ratably in the assets of the Company
available upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up. The holders of shares of
Common Stock do not have cumulative voting rights for the election of directors
and, accordingly, the holders of more than 50% of the shares of Common Stock are
able to elect all directors. The officers and directors of the Company are
currently entitled to vote 23% of the shares of Common Stock. Marc D. Tokayer,
Chairman of the Board, the Trust, Baruch Sollish, Director and three other
stockholders with an aggregate of 971,547 shares of Common Stock (approximately
30%) have entered into a voting arrangement whereby they have agreed to vote
their respective shares to elect directors and in support of positions favored
by a majority of the shares held among them. Accordingly, in all likelihood they
will be able to elect all of the Company's directors. All of the outstanding
shares of Common Stock are, and the Common Stock offered hereby, upon issuance
and when paid for, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and
non-assessable.
LOCK-UP AGREEMENTS
Each of the Company's stockholders who beneficially own more than five (5%)
percent of the Company's outstanding Common Stock, or warrants or options to
purchase Common Stock or other securities convertible into Common Stock, certain
other stockholders (except for a shareholder who has agreed to lock-up his
15,000 shares, for a period of 18 months and two additional stockholders with
respect to an aggregate of 30,000 shares), and each officer and director of the
Company or relative of such officer or director have agreed not to sell or
otherwise dispose of any of their Common Stock (covering an aggregate of
approximately 2,214,548 shares) or other securities of the Company owned
directly or indirectly by him or beneficially by him on the date of the IPO for
a period of 24 months from the date thereof without the prior written consent of
First Metropolitan, which consent may be granted prior to the expiration of the
lock-up period. Notwithstanding these lock-up agreements, such persons may make
private transfers, provided that the transferees agree to be bound by the same
restrictions. To date, First Metropolitan waived its lock-up agreements with
respect to an aggregate of 603,525 shares of Common Stock. As of the date of
this Prospectus such stockholders have sold an aggregate of 135,000 shares of
Common Stock.
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
The holders of 665,000 shares of Common Stock, 374,548 shares of Common
Stock of the Company issuable upon exercise of warrants at an exercise price of
$.01 per share and 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of
warrants at an exercise price of $7.00 per share have been granted certain
incidental and/or demand registration rights. These securities were purchased in
private transactions with the Company in November 1994 through July 1995, April
1996 and June 1996. The piggyback registration rights do not apply to
registrations relating to initial public offerings, mergers,
36
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
acquisitions or pursuant to Form S-8 (or any successor form). Notwithstanding,
all of such shares of Common Stock, except for 1,000,000 shares issuable upon
exercise of warrants; have been registered contemporaneous with the IPO.
PRIOR FINANCINGS
In April 1996, the Company completed a private placement of 650,000 shares
of Common Stock and warrants to purchase an additional 1,000,000 shares of
Common Stock to four sophisticated investors for an aggregate purchase price of
$200,000 (the 'Equity Financing'). The proceeds from the Equity Financing were
used for product development and for general corporate purposes. See 'Selling
Securityholders and Plan of Distribution.'
In June 1996, the Company issued in a private placement to six accredited
investors (including five limited partners of the Underwriter (the 'Limited
Partners')) one-year 10% promissory notes in the aggregate amount of $500,000
(the 'Bridge Financing'). By its terms, the Bridge Financing was repaid from the
proceeds of the IPO. The net proceeds to the Company of the Bridge Financing
were approximately $423,000 after deducting related placement expenses. The
proceeds were used for product development and working capital purposes. In
connection with the Bridge Financing, the Company issued an aggregate of 150,000
shares of Common Stock. In February 1997, the Limited Partners agreed to return
to treasury an aggregate of 135,000 shares of Common Stock, subject to the
completion of the IPO. The remaining 15,000 shares of Common Stock issued in
connection with the Bridge Financing are included in this Offering. Also in
connection with the Bridge Financing, the Company paid commissions and
non-accountable expense allowances in the aggregate amount of approximately
$55,000 to First Metropolitan. See 'Selling Securityholders and Plan of
Distribution.'
On February 10, 1997, the Company commenced an initial public offering of
Common Stock underwritten by First Metropolitan. Pursuant to the IPO, the
Company (along with a member of Management with respect to 60,000 shares) sold
an aggregate of 920,000 shares at an offering price of $7.00 per share. Also in
connection with the IPO, the Company granted First Metropolitan the
Representative's Warrants.
LIMITATIONS UPON TRANSACTIONS WITH 'INTERESTED STOCKHOLDERS'
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law prohibits a publicly
held Delaware corporation from engaging in a 'business combination' with an
'interested stockholder' for a period of three years after the date of the
transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder unless (i)
prior to the date of the business combination, the transaction is approved by
the board of directors of the corporation, (ii) upon consummation of the
transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested
stockholder, the interested stockholder owns at least 85% of the outstanding
voting stock, or (iii) on or after such date the business combination is
approved by the board of directors and by the affirmative vote of at least
66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested
stockholder. A 'business combination' includes mergers, asset sales and other
transactions resulting in a financial benefit to the stockholder. An 'interested
stockholder' is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns (or
within three years, did own), 15% or more of the corporation's voting stock. The
restrictions of Section 203 do not apply, among other things, if a corporation,
by action of its stockholders, adopts an amendment to its certificate of
incorporation or by-laws expressly electing not to be governed by Section 203,
provided that, in addition to any other vote required by law, such amendment to
the certificate of incorporation or by-laws must be approved by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote. Moreover, an amendment so
adopted is not effective until twelve months after its adoption and does not
apply to any business combination between the corporation and any person who
became an interested stockholder of such corporation on or prior to such
adoption. The Company's Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws do not
currently contain any provisions electing not to be governed by Section 203 of
the Delaware General Corporation Law. The provisions of Section 203 of the
Delaware General Corporation Law may have a depressive effect on the market
price of the Common Stock because they could impede any merger, consolidating
takeover or other business combination involving the Company or discourage a
potential acquiror from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain
control of the Company.
37
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<PAGE>
TRANSFER AGENT, REGISTRAR AND WARRANT AGENT
The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock and the warrant agent
for the Warrants is North American Transfer Co., 147 W. Merrick Road, Freeport,
New York.
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
The Company has 3,238,548 shares of Common Stock outstanding, of which an
aggregate of 2,098,548 shares of Common Stock, consisting of the 920,000 shares
of Common Stock sold in the IPO. 1,139,548 shares of Common Stock (registered
contemporaneous with the IPO on behalf of certain securityholders) (521,023 of
such shares being subject to lock-up agreements described below) and the 39,000
shares of Common Stock offered by Selling Securityholders will be freely
tradeable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act,
except for any shares purchased by an 'affiliate' of the Company within the
meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act ('Rule 144'). The remaining
1,140,000 shares of Common Stock are 'restricted securities,' as that term is
defined under Rule 144, and may not be sold in the absence of registration under
the Securities Act unless an exemption from registration is available, including
the exemption provided by Rule 144. Approximately 348,070 of such shares are
currently eligible for sale under Rule 144; however, 50,000 of such shares will
be subject to the following lock-up agreement. The Company's officers,
directors, stockholders each beneficially owning 5% or more of the Common
Stock,and certain other stockholders, covering an aggregate of approximately
2,214,548 shares have agreed (except for a certain stockholder who has agreed to
lock-up his 15,000 shares for a period of 18 months), for a period of 24 months
from the date of the IPO, not to sell or otherwise dispose of any securities of
the Company, without the prior written consent of First Metropolitan. First
Metropolitan has waived its lock-up agreements with certain Selling
Securityholders with respect to an aggregate of 603,525 shares of Common Stock.
See 'Descripton of Securities -- Lock-up Agreements.' In addition, Marc D.
Tokayer, Chairman of the Board, and the Trust, have agreed with the Company, for
a period of 36 months from the date of the IPO, not to sell any securities of
the Company, including the Escrow Shares (the 'Company Lock-up').
Notwithstanding, such securities may be released from the Company Lock-up during
(a) the 12 month period commencing 12 months from the date of the IPO if sold
for a price not less than $14.00 per share and (b) the 12 month period
commencing 24 months from the date of the IPO if sold for a price not less than
$7.00 per share. See 'Principal Stockholders -- Escrow Shares.'
In general, under Rule 144, as currently in effect, a person, including an
'affiliate' of the Company as defined under the Securities Act, (or persons
whose shares are aggregated), who for at least one year has beneficially owned
restricted securities acquired directly or indirectly from the Company or an
affiliate of the Company in a private transaction, is entitled to sell, within
any three-month period, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of
1% of the total number of outstanding shares of the same class or the average
weekly trading volume during the four calendar weeks preceding the day notice is
given to the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to such sale. A
person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who is not an affiliate and has
not been an affiliate of the Company at any time during the three months
immediately preceding the sale and who has beneficially owned shares of Common
Stock for at least two years is entitled to sell such shares pursuant to
subparagraph (k) of Rule 144 without regard to the volume limitations described
above.
There can be no assurance that a regular trading market will be sustained.
In addition, no prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that market
sales of Common Stock or the availability of such shares for sale will have on
the market prices prevailing from time to time. Nevertheless, the possibility
that substantial amounts of shares of Common Stock may be sold in the public
market may adversely affect prevailing market prices for the Common Stock and
could impair the Company's ability to raise capital through the sale of its
equity securities.
The Company intends to file a registration statement under the Securities
Act (on Form S-8 or any successor form) to register the shares of Common Stock
issued and reserved for issuance in compensatory arrangements and under its
stock plan. Registration would permit the resale of such shares by
non-affiliates in the public market without restriction under the Securities
Act.
38
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LEGAL MATTERS
The legality of the securities offered by this Prospectus will be passed
upon for the Company by Baer Marks & Upham LLP, New York, New York. In addition,
certain other matters in connection with this Offering with respect to Israeli
law will be passed upon for the Company by Aboudi & Brounstein, Tel Aviv,
Israel.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of TTR Inc. for the years ended
December 31, 1995 and 1996 included in this Prospectus have been included in
reliance upon the report of Schneider Ehrlich & Wengrover LLP, independent
certified public accountants, given upon the authority of said firm as experts
in accounting and auditing. The financial statements of TTR Technologies Ltd.
for the years ended December 31, 1995 and 1996 included in this Prospectus in
the consolidated financial statements of TTR Inc. have been included in reliance
upon the report of BDO Almagor & Co., independent certified public accountants,
given upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
'Commission') a Registration Statement on Form SB-2 including all amendments
thereto (the 'Registration Statement') under the Securities Act with respect to
the Securities offered by this Prospectus. This Prospectus does not contain all
of the information set forth in the Registration Statement, certain parts of
which are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulation of the Commission.
For further information with respect to the Company and the Offering, reference
is made to the Registration Statement, including the exhibits filed therewith.
The Registration Statement may be inspected and copies may be obtained from the
Public Reference Section at the Commission's principal office, located at Room
1024, Judiciary Plaza, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, and at
the regional offices of the Commission located at the Chicago Regional Office,
Northwestern Atrium Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago,
Illinois 60611, and the Northeast Regional Office, Seven World Trade Center,
Suite 1300, New York, New York 10048, upon payment of the fees prescribed by the
Commission. The Registration Statement has been filed electronically with the
Commission. The Commission maintains a Web site that contains reports, proxy and
information statements and other information regarding registrants that file
electronically with the Commission, at http://www.sec.gov. Statements contained
in this Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document are not
necessarily complete and where the contract or other document has been filed as
an exhibit to the Registration Statement, each such statement is qualified in
all respects by such reference to the applicable document filed with the
Commission.
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TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
------------
<S> <C>
Independent Auditors' Report.......................................................................... F-2
Report of Independent Public Accountants.............................................................. F-3
Consolidated Balance Sheet............................................................................ F-4
Consolidated Statement of Operations.................................................................. F-5
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Deficit....................................................... F-6
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.................................................................. F-7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............................................................ F-8 - F-18
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of TTR INC.
Kfar Saba, Israel
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of TTR Inc. and
its Subsidiary (A Development Stage Company) as of December 31, 1996 and 1995,
and the related consolidated statements of operations, cash flows, and
stockholders' deficit for the years then ended. These consolidated financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial
statements based on our audits. We did not audit the financial statements of TTR
Technologies, Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary, which statements reflect total
assets of $692,102 and $218,392 as of December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively,
and net losses of $790,536 and $571,924 for the years then ended, respectively.
Those statements were audited by other auditors whose reports have been
furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included
for TTR Technologies Ltd. is based solely on the reports of the other auditors.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits and the report of
other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, based on our audits and the report of other auditors, the
consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of TTR Inc. and its Subsidiary as of
December 31, 1996 and 1995 and the results of their operations and their cash
flows for the years then ended in conformity with generally accepted accounting
principles.
The financial statements of TTR Technologies, Ltd., a wholly owned
subsidiary, have been prepared assuming the subsidiary will continue as a going
concern. As discussed in note 3 to the financial statements, the subsidiary has
incurred recurring losses since its inception in 1994, and has an accumulated
deficit at December 31, 1996 of $1,364,653. These conditions raise substantial
doubt about the subsidiary's ability to continue as a going concern.
Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 3. The
financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the
outcome of this uncertainty.
SCHNEIDER EHRLICH & WENGROVER LLP
Woodbury, New York
April 15, 1997, except for Note 18 (f), as to
which the date is May 6, 1997
F-2
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To the Shareholders of
T.T.R. TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
(A Development Stage Company)
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of T.T.R. Technologies Ltd.
(a development stage company) (the 'Company') as of December 31, 1996 and 1995
and the related statements of operations, changes in shareholders' deficiency
and cash flows for each of the years then ended, for the period December 5, 1994
(date of inception) to December 31, 1994 and for the period December 5, 1994
(date of inception) to December 31, 1996. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards, including those prescribed by the Israeli Auditor's Regulations
(Auditors Mode of Performance), 1973. Such auditing standards are substantially
identical to generally accepted auditing standards in the United States. Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An
audit includes examining on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used, and significant estimates made by the management, as
well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that
our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the above financial statements present fairly in all
material respects, the financial position of the Company (a development stage
company) as of December 31, 1996 and 1995 and the results of its operations,
changes in shareholders' deficiency, and cash flows for each of the years then
ended, for the period December 5, 1994 (date of inception) to December 31, 1994
and for the period December 5, 1994 (date of inception) to December 31, 1996, in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Israel and in the
United States. As applicable to these financial statements, such accounting
principles are substantially identical.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the
Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 3 to the
financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations
and has a net working capital deficiency and shareholders' deficiency that raise
substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. The
Company's plans are also referred to in Note 3. The financial statements do not
include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
The financial statements have been translated into dollars for the purpose
of their inclusion in the financial statements of T.T.R. Inc.
BDO ALMAGOR & CO.
Certified Public Accountants
Ramat-Gan, Israel,
April 13, 1997 (May 6, 1997 as to Note 19)
F-3
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1995 1996
---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash............................................................................ $ 87,866 $ 63,656
Accounts receivable............................................................. 1,680 507
Other current assets............................................................ 15,939 135,321
---------- -----------
Total current assets.................................................. 105,485 199,484
Property and equipment -- net........................................................ 175,619 373,444
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $76,175 and $181,310,
for 1995 and 1996, respectively.................................................... 77,256 62,101
Deferred stock offering costs........................................................ -- 515,664
Due from officer..................................................................... 26,000 26,000
Other assets......................................................................... 18,844 14,995
---------- -----------
Total assets.......................................................... $ 403,204 $ 1,191,688
---------- -----------
---------- -----------
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt.......................................... $ 528,130 $ 1,065,365
Short-term borrowings...................................................... -- 849,602
Accounts payable........................................................... 34,958 170,323
Accrued expenses........................................................... 63,213 443,594
Interest payable........................................................... 96,023 234,508
---------- -----------
Total current liabilities............................................. 722,324 2,763,392
Long-term debt, less current portion............................................ 552,103 22,153
---------- -----------
Total liabilities..................................................... 1,274,427 2,785,545
Commitments and Contingencies -- See Notes
Stockholders' Deficit
Common Stock, $.001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, 2,200,000 and
3,050,000 issued and outstanding, respectively, including 1,000,000 shares
placed in escrow............................................................... 2,200 3,050
Additional paid-in capital...................................................... 42,673 405,356
Cumulative translation adjustments.............................................. 22,652 57,696
Deficit accumulated during the development stage................................ (938,748) (2,059,959)
---------- -----------
Total stockholders' deficit........................................... (871,223) (1,593,857)
---------- -----------
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit........................... $ 403,204 $ 1,191,688
---------- -----------
---------- -----------
</TABLE>
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-4
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FROM INCEPTION
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, (JULY 14, 1994) TO
-------------------------- DECEMBER 31,
1995 1996 1996
----------- ----------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue.......................................................... $ -- $ -- $ --
Expenses
Research and development.................................... 276,248 344,305 620,553
Sales and marketing......................................... 248,158 169,840 433,798
General and administrative.................................. 241,461 382,634 644,736
----------- ----------- ------------------
Total expenses......................................... 765,867 896,779 1,699,087
----------- ----------- ------------------
Operating loss................................................... (765,867) (896,779) (1,699,087)
Other (income) expense
Loss on investment.......................................... 17,000 -- 17,000
Interest income............................................. (12,324) -- (12,824)
Interest expense............................................ 126,120 224,432 356,696
----------- ----------- ------------------
Total other (income) expenses.......................... 130,796 224,432 360,872
----------- ----------- ------------------
Net loss......................................................... $(896,663) $(1,121,211) $ (2,059,959)
----------- ----------- ------------------
----------- ----------- ------------------
Net loss per share............................................... $(0.37) $(0.43) $(0.79)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding.................... 2,399,793 2,612,582 2,612,582
----------- ----------- ------------------
----------- ----------- ------------------
</TABLE>
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-5
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DEFICIT
FOREIGN ACCUMULATED
COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL CURRENCY DURING
------------------- PAID-IN TRANSLATION DEVELOPMENT
SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL ADJUSTMENT STAGE TOTAL
--------- ------ ---------- ---------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balances at July 14, 1994 (date of
inception).................................. -- $-- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Issuances of common stock, par value $.001
Services rendered at $.001 per share..... 1,200,000 1,200 1,200
Cash at $.0208 per share................. 1,200,000 1,200 23,800 25,000
Net loss...................................... (42,085) (42,085)
--------- ------ ---------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Balances at December 31, 1994................. 2,400,000 2,400 23,800 -- (42,085) (15,885)
Common stock contributed...................... (561,453) (561 ) 561
Issuances of common stock, par value $.001
Services rendered at $.05 per share...... 361,453 361 17,712 18,073
Issuance of common stock purchase warrants
Services rendered at $.04 per warrant.... 600 600
Foreign currency translation adjustment....... 22,652 22,652
Net loss...................................... (896,663) (896,663)
--------- ------ ---------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Balances at December 31, 1995................. 2,200,000 2,200 42,673 22,652 (938,748) (871,223)
Issuances of common stock, par value $.001
Cash at $.307 per share.................. 650,000 650 199,350 200,000
Cash at $.50 per share (net of stock
offering costs of $11,467)............. 150,000 150 63,383 63,533
Cash at $2.00 per share.................. 50,000 50 99,950 100,000
Foreign currency translation adjustment....... 35,044 35,044
Net loss...................................... (1,121,211) (1,121,211)
--------- ------ ---------- ---------- ----------- -----------
Balances at December 31, 1996................. 3,050,000 $3,050 $405,356 $ 57,696 $(2,059,959) $(1,593,857)
--------- ------ ---------- ---------- ----------- -----------
--------- ------ ---------- ---------- ----------- -----------
</TABLE>
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-6
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FROM
INCEPTION
(JULY 14,
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1994) TO
------------------------ DECEMBER 31,
1995 1996 1996
--------- ----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss......................................................... $(896,663) $(1,121,211) $(2,059,959 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating
activities:
Depreciation and amortization............................... 95,298 155,273 256,041
Translation adjustment...................................... (561) (967) (1,528 )
Stock and warrants issued for services...................... 18,673 -- 18,673
Increase (decrease) in cash attributable to changes in
assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable.................................... (1,422) 1,310 (315 )
Escrow................................................. 14,572 -- --
Other current assets................................... (13,492) (105,222) (118,714 )
Accounts payable....................................... 40,183 137,825 178,169
Accrued expenses....................................... 74,638 44,043 119,751
Interest payable....................................... 91,215 138,485 234,508
--------- ----------- ------------
Net cash used by operating activities....................... (577,559) (750,464) (1,373,374 )
--------- ----------- ------------
Cash flows from investing activities
Loans receivable................................................. 125,500 -- --
Purchases of property and equipment.............................. (193,655) (240,836) (435,893 )
Increase in organization costs................................... -- -- (7,680 )
--------- ----------- ------------
Net cash used by investing activities....................... (68,155) (240,836) (443,573 )
--------- ----------- ------------
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock........................... -- 363,533 389,733
Loans to officer................................................. (6,000) (26,000 )
Deferred stock offering costs.................................... (166,099) (166,099 )
Deferred financing costs......................................... (78,112) (89,980) (243,411 )
Proceeds from short-term borrowings.............................. -- 849,602 849,602
Proceeds from long-term debt..................................... 605,764 25,096 1,114,137
Payments on long-term debt....................................... (21,613) (14,403) (36,016 )
--------- ----------- ------------
Net cash provided by financing activities................... 500,039 967,749 1,881,946
--------- ----------- ------------
Effect of exchange rates on cash...................................... (350) (659) (1,343 )
--------- ----------- ------------
Increase (decrease) in cash........................................... (146,025) (24,210) 63,656
Cash at beginning of period........................................... 233,891 87,866 --
--------- ----------- ------------
Cash at end of period................................................. $ 87,866 $ 63,656 $ 63,656
--------- ----------- ------------
--------- ----------- ------------
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest.................................................... $ 2,461 $ 15,788 $ 18,456
--------- ----------- ------------
--------- ----------- ------------
</TABLE>
See Notes to Financial Statements
F-7
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 -- DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
TTR Inc. (the 'Company') was incorporated on July 14, 1994 under the laws
of the State of Delaware. TTR Technologies Ltd., ('TTR Israel') was formed under
the laws of the State of Israel on December 5, 1994 as a wholly owned research
and development subsidiary of the Company.
The Company is engaged in the development and enhancement of computer
software products which it intends to market.
The Company is considered to be in the development stage and has earned no
revenues to date. Business activities to date have focused on product and
marketing research, product development, and raising capital.
The Company anticipates that it will continue to incur significant
operating costs and losses in connection with the development of its products
and increased marketing efforts and is subject to other risks affecting the
business of the Company. (See Note 3).
In February 1997 the Company closed on an initial public offering (IPO)
whereby it sold 860,000 shares of its Common Stock at a price of $7.00 per share
and realized net proceeds of approximately $4.7 million after stock offering
costs (See Note 18a).
NOTE 2 -- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company
and its wholly owned subsidiary, TTR Technologies Ltd. All significant
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
USE OF ESTIMATES
Management uses estimates and assumptions in preparing these financial
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Those
estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities,
the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported revenues
and expenses. Actual results could vary from the estimates that were used.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
The Company anticipates that revenues from software will be recognized upon
delivery to the customer, provided that the Company's obligations, if any, are
insignificant and collectability is probable. Revenues from maintenance and
engineering services will be recognized over the term of the respective
contracts.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATIONS
The financial statements of the Company's Israeli subsidiary have been
translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with Statement No. 52 of the
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Assets and liabilities have been
translated at year-end (period-end) exchange rates and statement of operations
have been translated at average rates prevailing during the year. The
translation adjustments have been recorded as a separate component of
shareholders' deficit (cumulative translation adjustment).
NET LOSS PER SHARE
Net loss per share of common stock is computed based on the weighted
average number of common stock and common stock equivalent shares outstanding
during the period. Pursuant to SEC rules, common stock and warrants issued for
consideration below the proposed public offering price
F-8
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
within the twelve months prior to filing a registration statement have been
included in the calculation of common stock equivalents, using the treasury
stock method, as if they had been outstanding for all periods presented. Shares
held in escrow are not treated as outstanding during any period (Note 13).
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For purposes of the Statement of Cash Flows, the Company considers all
highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less
to be cash equivalents.
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION
Equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost. Equipment is
depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range
from five to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the related
lease term. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS
Research and development expenditures are charged to operations as
incurred. Software development costs are required to be capitalized when a
product's technological feasibility has been established by completion of a
working model of the product and ending when a product is available for general
release to customers. To date, completion of a working model of the Company's
products and general release have substantially coincided. As a result, the
Company has not capitalized any software development costs since such costs have
not been significant.
INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for its income taxes using the Financial Accounting
Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, 'Accounting
for Income Taxes' (SFAS No. 109), which requires the establishment of a deferred
tax asset or liability for the recognition of future deductible or taxable
amounts and operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax expense or benefit is
recognized as a result of the changes in the assets and liabilities during the
year. Valuation allowances are established when necessary, to reduce deferred
tax assets to amounts expected to be realized.
DEFERRED STOCK OFFERING COSTS
Costs incurred in connection with the Company's public offering of common
stock will be charged to capital in the period that the offering was completed.
LONG-LIVED ASSETS
In accordance with SFAS No. 121, 'Accounting for the Impairment of
Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of', the Company
records impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations, including
goodwill and intangible assets, when events and circumstances indicate that the
assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be
generated by those assets are less than the carrying amounts of those assets.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENT
In October 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No.
123, 'Accounting for Stock-based Compensation'. SFAS No. 123 is effective for
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1995, and requires that the Company
either recognize in its financial statements costs related to its
F-9
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
employee stock-based compensation plans, such as stock option and stock purchase
plans, or make pro forma disclosures of such costs in a footnote to the
financial statements. The Company has elected to continue to use the intrinsic
value-based method of APB Opinion no. 25, as allowed under SFAS No. 123, to
account for all of its employee stock-based compensation plans. The adoption of
SFAS No. 123 did not have a material effect on the Company's financial position
or results of operations.
NOTE 3 -- GOING CONCERN
The financial statements of the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, TTR
Technologies, Ltd., have been prepared on a going concern basis which
contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in
the normal course of business. TTR Israel has a limited operating history, has
sustained losses since its inception and has an accumulated deficit at December
31, 1996 of $1,364,653. It faces a number of risks, including uncertainties
regarding demand and market acceptance of its products, dependence on a single
product line, the effects of technological change, competition, and the
development of new products. Additionally, there are other risk factors such as
the nature of the it's distribution channels, ability to manage growth, loss of
key personnel and the effects of planned expansion of operations on the future
results of TTR Israel.
The Company anticipates that TTR Israel will continue to incur significant
operating costs and losses in connection with the development of its products
and increased marketing efforts and is subject to other risks affecting its
business, as discussed above. TTR Israel is not generating sufficient revenues
from its operations to fund its activities and is therefore dependent on
continued financing from its Parent company through loans. There is no assurance
that such financing will be available to TTR Israel. The inability to obtain
such financing would have a material adverse effect on the TTR Israel.
NOTE 4 -- OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
Included in other current assets is $98,432 due from the Office of the
Chief Scientist of the Government of Israel (OCS). In November 1996, TTR Israel
received an approval from the OCS according to which the OCS will fund certain
research and development of the Company by way of grants. The amount of the
approved budget is $195,000 and the amount of the approved grant is 50% of the
budget. In January 1997, the Company received an advance on account of the grant
in the amount of $88,000. On April 8, 1997, the OCS agreed to increase the
approved budget to $420,000.
The Company will be required to pay royalties to the OCS on proceeds from
the sale of products derived from the research and development in which the OCS
has participated by way of its grant. The royalties are computed at the rate of
3% of the proceeds from such sales, up to a maximum of 150% of the grant.
NOTE 5 -- PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1995 1996
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Leasehold improvements.......................................................... $ -- $ 80,085
Office equipment................................................................ 22,646 98,938
Computer equipment.............................................................. 112,941 168,103
Vehicles........................................................................ 59,470 94,358
-------- --------
195,057 441,484
Less: Accumulated depreciation.................................................. 19,438 68,040
-------- --------
$175,619 $373,444
-------- --------
-------- --------
</TABLE>
F-10
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
Depreciation expense was $13,560 and $38,669 for the years ended December
31, 1995 and 1996, respectively.
NOTE 6 -- DUE FROM OFFICER
This amount represents non-interest bearing advances to an officer of the
Company.
NOTE 7 -- OTHER ASSETS
Other assets consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
------------------
1995 1996
------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
Loan receivable, employee......................................................... $13,468 $11,155
Organization costs, net of accumulated amortization............................... 5,376 3,840
------- -------
Total........................................................................ $18,844 $14,995
------- -------
------- -------
</TABLE>
The loan receivable represents non-interest bearing advances to an employee
of the Company. The loan is to be repaid over a four-year period commencing in
1996.
Organization costs are being amortized over a five-year period using the
straight-line method.
NOTE 8 -- ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
1995 1996
------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Accrued payroll and payroll taxes................................................ $20,128 $ 14,513
Deferred stock offering costs.................................................... -- 349,565
Other............................................................................ 43,085 79,516
------- --------
$63,213 $443,594
------- --------
------- --------
</TABLE>
NOTE 9 -- SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
(a) TTR Israel borrowed a total of $50,000 from a bank. Interest on the
loan was calculated at the rate of 8% per annum and was repaid in full in
December 1996.
(b) In June 1996, the Company realized net proceeds of $423,552 from a
private placement of 10 units of its securities at a purchase price of $50,000
per unit. Each unit consisted of $50,000 principal amount 10% promissory notes
and 15,000 shares of its common stock. The Company has allocated $7,500 per unit
to the Common Stock sold in the private placement, and the balance to promissory
note principal. The difference between the face value of the notes ($50,000) and
the amount allocated to note principal represents a discount which is being
amortized over the term of the note based upon the interest method. In January
1997, certain of these investors returned a total of 135,000 shares of the
Company's Common Stock to treasury. The principal and accrued interest on these
notes became due upon the completion of the Company's IPO and was paid in
February 1997.
In connection with this offering a placement agent received a commission of
10% of the gross proceeds and an additional 3% of such proceeds as a
non-accountable expense allowance. Certain of the investors in the private
placement have an ownership interest in the placement agent.
F-11
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
(c) In 1996, the Company borrowed a total of $133,400 in unsecured funds
from a private lender. Interest is calculated at the rate of 22% per annum on
outstanding financings. The principal and accrued interest became due upon the
completion of the Company's IPO and was paid in full in February 1997.
(d) In December 1996 and January 1997, the Company issued short-term
promissory notes aggregating $450,000. Interest is calculated at the rate of 15%
per annum. The notes and accrued interest thereon became due upon the completion
of the Company's IPO and was paid in full in February 1997.
Fees totaling $45,000 which have been incurred in connection with this
financing are being amortized over the life of the loan using the straight-line
method.
NOTE 10 -- LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
------------------------
1995 1996
---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Bank loans(1)............................................................... $ 39,153 $ 46,438
Promissory notes(2)......................................................... 1,041,080 1,041,080
---------- ----------
1,080,233 1,087,518
Current portion............................................................. 528,130 1,065,365
---------- ----------
Non-current portion......................................................... $ 552,103 $ 22,153
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) These loans are denominated in 'New Israel Shekel' (NIS), bear interest at
the rate of prime plus 2.4%-3% per annum and are secured by substantially
all the assets of TTR Israel. Principal payments are due in various
installments through 1998.
(2) The Company issued two-year promissory notes aggregating $1,041,080 in a
private placement. The notes bear interest at the rate of 10% per annum
payable at the maturity date. In connection with this offering the Company
issued warrants to the noteholders to purchase up to a total of 174,548
shares of the Company's common stock for $.01 per share. The warrants are
exercisable during the period between the effective date and the closing
date of the Company's IPO. The Company paid the placement agent, Shane,
Alexander, Unterburgher Securities, Inc. (SAU) a commission of 10% of the
gross proceeds and an additional 4% of such proceeds as a non-accountable
expense. These fees, totaling approximately $145,000, have been capitalized
as deferred financing costs and are being amortized over a two-year period
using the straight-line method. Amortization was $71,530 and $68,337 for the
years ended December 31, 1995 and 1996. In February 1997, the entire
principal balance plus accrued interest on these notes was repaid.
The aggregate maturities of long-term debt for the next three years ending
December 31, are as follows: 1997 -- $1,065,365; 1998 -- $16,102 and
1999 -- $6,051.
NOTE 11 -- LOSS ON INVESTMENT
In August 1994, the Company's president contributed to the Company his 22%
interest in the common stock of TBR, Inc. (TBR), a Florida corporation. TBR's
only asset is a software product developed by its shareholders. TBR has no other
assets or liabilities and has had no significant business operations to date.
During fiscal 1995, the Company purchased an additional 4.8% of TBR common stock
for $17,000, which funds were used in a marketing effort for TBR's software
product. As of December 31, 1995, the Company elected to write off its
investment in TBR in full.
F-12
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
NOTE 12 -- INCOME TAXES
At December 31, 1996, the Company had available $695,000 of net operating
loss carryforwards for U.S. federal income tax purposes which expire in the
years 2009 through 2012, and $939,000 of foreign net operating loss
carryforwards with no expiration date. Due to the uncertainty of their
realization, no income tax benefit has been recorded by the Company for these
net operating loss carryforwards as valuation allowances have been established
for any such benefits. The use of the U.S. federal net operating loss
carryforwards is subject to limitations under section 382 of the Internal
Revenue code pertaining to changes in stock ownership.
Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities
for U.S. federal and Israel income taxes are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------
1995 1996
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Net operating loss carryforwards.............................................. $ 225,000 $ 548,000
Research and developments costs............................................... 65,000 89,000
Accrued vacation and severance................................................ 13,000 25,000
--------- ---------
Total deferred tax assets................................................ 303,000 662,000
Valuation allowance...................................................... (303,000) (662,000)
--------- ---------
Net deferred tax assets.................................................. $ -- $ --
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
Pre-tax losses from foreign (Israeli) operations were $571,924 and $790,536
for the years ended December 31, 1995 and 1996, respectively.
NOTE 13 -- CAPITAL TRANSACTIONS
CONTRIBUTED SHARES
In January 1995, the Company's President contributed a total of 561,453
shares of common stock held by him. The Company subsequently cancelled these
shares.
WARRANTS
On May 15, 1995, the Company issued warrants as compensation to a
consultant to purchase up to a total of 15,000 shares of the Company's common
stock for $.01 per share. The warrants are exercisable until January 15, 2001.
PRIVATE PLACEMENT
In April 1996, the Company completed a private placement of 650,000 shares
of its Common Stock and warrants for an additional 1,000,000 shares, for an
aggregate purchase price of $200,000. The warrants are exercisable for a period
of three years commencing after the IPO at an exercise price equal to $7.00 per
share.
ESCROW SHARES
An aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock, owned
beneficially by its President, have been designated as escrow shares. The escrow
shares are not assignable nor transferable until certain earnings or market
price criteria have been met. If the conditions have not been met, such shares
will be cancelled and contributed to the Company's capital.
F-13
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
The escrow shares will be released from escrow on a pro-rata basis, if and
only if, one or more of the following conditions are met:
1. 250,000 shares will be released if the Company's pre-tax income,
exclusive of extraordinary items amounts to at least $1,800,000 for the
year ended December 31, 1997 or the average bid price of the Common Stock
averages in excess of $15 per share for 30 consecutive days during the 12
month period commencing on the date of a proposed public offering.
2. 300,000 shares will be released if the Company's pre-tax income,
exclusive of extraordinary items amounts to at least $4,000,000 for the
year ended December 31, 1998 or the average bid price of the Common Stock
averages in excess of $20 per share for 30 consecutive days during the 12
month period commencing 12 months from the date of a proposed public
offering.
3. 450,000 shares will be released if the Company's pre-tax income,
exclusive of extraordinary items amounts to at least $6,000,000 for the
year ended December 31, 1999 or the average bid price of the Common Stock
averages in excess of $25 per share for 30 consecutive days during the 12
month period commencing 24 months from the date of a proposed public
offering.
The shares will also be released under certain circumstances of the Company
is acquired or merged.
As shares are released from escrow, they will be accounted for as reissued
for services rendered and the fair value of such shares will be charged to
operations as compensation expense with an offset to permanent capital. These
charges will not be deductible for income tax purposes.
NOTE 14 -- FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 107, Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial
Instruments, which requires that all entities disclose the fair value of
financial instruments, as defined, for both assets and liabilities recognized
and not recognized in the statement of financial condition. Substantially all of
the Company's financial instruments, consisting primarily of short-term
Borrowings and promissory notes payable, are carried at, or approximate, fair
value because of their short-term nature or because they carry market rates of
interest.
NOTE 15 -- RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In November 1994, the Company entered into a fourteen-month agreement with
SAU to assist in the establishment of a U.S. based sales office and to provide
marketing consulting services to the Company. Pursuant to the contract SAU
received a fee of $7,900 per month and was issued Warrants to purchase up to
185,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock under the same terms as the
promissory note holders. SAU subsequently assigned its rights to the Warrants to
certain of the promissory note holders.
The Company loaned a total of $256,000 to SAU under a short term loan
agreement. The loan was repaid in 1995 with interest at the rate of 8% per
annum.
NOTE 16 -- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
CONSULTING AND EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
(a) In August 1994, TTR Israel entered into an employment agreement with
one of its officers. The agreement has a three-year term which provides for
annual compensation of $60,000, subject to adjustment. The agreement may
terminate with 60 days prior notice. In the event the termination is without
cause then the officer will be entitled to continue to receive his salary for an
additional twelve
F-14
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
month period. At the end of the initial three-year term, the agreement
automatically renews for one-year periods.
(b) In October 1995, the Company entered into a three-year marketing
consulting agreement, pursuant to which the consultant receives a monthly fee of
$4,800 per month. On April 15, 1997, the Board of Directors approved the grant
of 15,000 shares of its Common Stock to the consultant for consulting services
rendered. The Company will record a charge to operations of $223,125 upon the
issuance of these shares.
(c) In December 1995, TTR Israel entered into an employment agreement with
its director of product research and development. The agreement has a one-year
term, renewable for additional one-year terms. In consideration of eliminating
the provision for royalty payments, the agreement was amended to increase the
annual base compensation to $96,000 plus fringe benefits. The Company has also
agreed to pay a one time bonus of $50,000, subject to completion of the IPO.
(d) In September 1996, TTR Israel entered into a three-year employment
agreement with its Chief Executive Officer. The agreement provides for annual
compensation of approximately $100,000, subject to adjustment and is renewable
for additional one-year periods at the end of the initial term. Within the
initial term the employee may terminate the agreement with 60 days prior notice
and with 90 days notice thereafter.
The Company has also agreed to grant, on the date on which the Company's
IPO is declared effective, warrants to purchase up to 217,473 shares of Common
Stock at an exercise price of $.01 per share. The company expects to record
deferred compensation expense amounting to $1,522,300, and will amortize this
amount over the period that services are provided. The options will vest over a
four year period commencing with the date of grant.
(e) In December 1996, TTR Israel entered into a two-year consulting
agreement. The agreement provides for monthly fees of $6,100 and is renewable
for one additional year. The agreement may be terminated by either party with 30
days' prior notice. Subsequently the consultant was also granted options to
purchase 15,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock at $7.00. The options will
vest over a four-year period commencing with the date of grant.
OPERATING LEASES
On June 1, 1996, the TTR Israel entered into a lease agreement for office
space. Future minimum rentals on this lease as of December 31, 1996 are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
- ------------
<C> <S> <C>
1997 ................................................................ $ 48,624
1998 ................................................................ 48,624
1999 ................................................................ 48,624
2000 ................................................................ 48,624
2001 ................................................................ 20,260
--------
$214,746
--------
--------
</TABLE>
LEGAL MATTER
In October and November 1996, a claim was made against TTR Israel alleging
intellectual property rights infringement. The claim threatens to seek
injunctive relief as well as damages in the amount of $1,000,000. The Company
has denied any liability and its legal advisors believe the claim is totally
without merit.
F-15
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
NOTE 17 -- STOCK OPTION PLAN
In July 1996, the Board of Directors adopted the Company's Incentive and
Non-qualified Stock Option Plan (the 'Plan') and has reserved up to 450,000
shares of Common Stock for issuance thereunder . The Plan provides for the
granting of options to officers, directors, employees and advisors of the
Company. The exercise of incentive stock options ('ISOs') issued to employees
who are less than 10% stockholders shall not be less than the fair market value
of the underlying shares on the date of grant or not less than 100% of the fair
market value of the shares in the case of an employee who is a 10% stockholder.
The exercise price of restricted stock options shall not be less than the par
value of the shares to which the option relates. Options are not exercisable for
a period of one year from the date of grant. Thereafter, options may be
exercised as determined by the Board of Directors, with maximum terms of ten and
five years, respectively, for ISOs issued to employees who are less than 10%
stockholders and employees who are 10% stockholders. In addition, under the
plan, no individual will be given the opportunity to exercise ISO's valued in
excess of $100,000, in any calendar year, unless and to the extent the options
have first become exercisable in the preceding year. The Plan will terminate in
2006.
A summary of the status of the Company's stock option plan as of December
31, 1996 and changes during the year ending on that date is presented below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE
EXERCISE
SHARES PRICE
------ --------
<S> <C> <C>
Options outstanding, January 1, 1996...................................... -- --
Granted................................................................... 5,000 6.00
Canceled.................................................................. -- --
Exercised................................................................. -- --
------ --------
Options outstanding, December 31, 1996.................................... 5,000 6.00
------ --------
------ --------
</TABLE>
Additional information for 1996 with respect to options under the Plan is
as follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Option price range at end of year.................................................. $6.00
Options exercisable at end of year................................................. 0
Shares of common stock available for future grant.................................. 445,000
Weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during year under the
minimum value method............................................................. $1.661
Weighted-average exercise price of options exercisable at end of year.............. 0
Weighted-average remaining contractual life of outstanding options at end of
year............................................................................. 5 years
</TABLE>
In the first quarter of 1997, the Company granted an additional 55,000
incentive stock options exercisable at $7.00 - $10.00 per share and 75,000
non-qualified options exercisable at $5.00 - $7.00 per share under the Plan.
On January 1, 1996, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123, 'Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation'. The statement encourages but does not require
companies to use the fair value-based method of accounting for stock-based
employee compensation plans. Under this method, compensation expense is measured
as of the date the awards are granted based on the estimated fair value of the
awards, and the expense generally recognized over the vesting period. If a
company elects to continue using the intrinsic value-based method under APB
Opinion No. 25, pro forma disclosures of net income and earnings per share are
required as if the fair value-based method had been applied. Under the intrinsic
method, compensation expense is the excess, if any, of the market price as of
the grant date over the exercise price of the option. Under the Company's
current compensation plan, there is no such excess on the date of grant and
therefore, no compensation expense is recorded, except for stock and
F-16
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
warrants granted in 1995 on which the Company has recorded stock compensation of
$18,673, as determined by the Company's Board of Directors.
The Company has elected to continue to apply APB Opinion No. 25 and related
interpretations in accounting for its stock option plan. Accordingly, no
compensation expense has been recognized in the Consolidated Statements of
Operations related to options issued to employees under the stock option plan.
Had compensation expense been determined based on the estimated fair value of
the awards at grant dates, the Company's net loss and loss per share would have
been increased to the pro forma amounts indicated below:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Net loss
As reported..................................................... $(1,121,211)
Proforma........................................................ $(1,122,249)
Loss per share
As reported..................................................... $(.43)
Proforma........................................................ $(.43)
</TABLE>
In computing pro forma net loss the full impact of calculating compensation
expense for stock options under SFAS No. 123 is not reflected in pro forma net
loss, since such expense is apportioned over the vesting period of those options
as they vest.
The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the
minimum value method with the following weighted average assumptions: No
dividends, an expected life of five years, and a risk-free interest rate of
6.05% for the year ended December 31, 1996.
NOTE 18 -- SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
(A) INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
In February 1997, the Company completed an initial public offering of
860,000 shares of its Common Stock and realized net proceeds of approximately
$4,700,000 after stock offering costs. In connection with this offering, the
Company sold to the underwriter, for $80, warrants to purchase up to an
additional 80,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock at an excersice price
equal to $11.20 per share. The Company has also agreed to retain the Underwriter
as management and financial consultants for a two-year period at an annual rate
of $60,000 per annum, payable in advance. In connection with the IPO, certain
securityholders have agreed not to sell their shares for up to two years from
the offering date, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter.
(B) CONSULTING AGREEMENT
In February 1997, TTR Israel entered into an agreement with the University
of Arizona ('the University'), to become a sponsor of the Optical Data Storage
Center ('ODSC') at the University. Funding for the ODSC is provided by
industrial organizations, including TTR Israel. TTR Israel has undertaken to
contribute $50,000 to the ODSC each year for a period of three years, payable
quarterly. In consideration of this sponsorship, TTR Israel will receive voting
power in the decision-making body of the ODSC, proportional to its contribution.
The agreement may be terminated by TTR Israel with six months prior notice.
(C) EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT
On March 11, 1997, the Company entered into a one-year employment agreement
with an officer of the Company. The agreement provides for monthly compensation
of $5,000 and is automatically renewable for additional one-year terms. The
agreement may be terminated by either party with 30 or 60 days' prior notice
during the first and second anniversary, respectively, and with 90 day's notice
F-17
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
TTR INC. AND ITS SUBSIDIARY
(A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
thereafter. The Company has also agreed, subject to underwriters approval, to
issue to the employee 50,000 shares of its Common Stock. Pursuant to an escrow
agreement, 25,000 shares will be released from escrow on July 31, 1997 and
25,000 on January 31, 1998. The grant of these shares will result in a charge to
deferred compensation in the amount of $500,000 which will be amortized over one
year.
The officer was also granted 40,000 qualified and 60,000 nonqualified
options to purchase shares of the Company's Common Stock, at an exercise price
of $10.00 and $5.00 per share, respectively. The options will vest over a
four-year period commencing with the date of grant. The issuance of the
nonqualified options will result in a charge to deferred compensation in the
amount of $300,000. This amount will be amortized over the vesting period.
(D) CONSULTING AGREEMENT
On March 1, 1997, the Company entered into a one year consulting agreement
which provided for a lump-sum payment of $100,000 to be paid upon signing.
(E) STOCK GRANTS
On March 11, 1997, the Company issued 5,000 shares of its Common Stock to a
consultant. The Company will record compensation in the amount of $50,000 due to
the issuance of these shares.
On April 15, 1997, the Company granted 4,000 shares of its Common Stock to
a non-profit entity.
(F) LEGAL MATTER
On March 31, 1997, the Company and TTR Israel were served with claims by
and individual demanding, among other things, royalties at the rate of 5% of the
proceeds from the sales of products in which the plaintiff claims to have
provided consulting services towards its development.
On May 6, 1997, the Company entered into a settlement agreement whereby the
Company will issue the plaintiff 15,000 shares of its Common Stock, subject to
the following: (a) If the Company registers any additional shares for sale it
will include these shares in its registration statement; (b) Following the
registration of these shares and continuing for a 180 day period, if the share
price averages in excess $15.50 per share over two consecutive days the
Company's obligation to the consultant terminates. If the share price is not
met, then during the three days commencing after 180 days the Company will remit
to the consultant the difference between $15.50 per share and the actual
consideration received. The Company will record an expense of $232,500 due to
the issuance of these shares.
F-18
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
_____________________________ _____________________________
NO DEALER, SALESMAN OR ANY OTHER PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY
INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS
PROSPECTUS, AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT
BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES
NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY
SECURITY OTHER THAN THE SECURITIES OFFERED BY THIS PROSPECTUS, OR AN OFFER TO
SELL OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITY, BY ANY PERSON IN ANY
JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION WOULD BE UNLAWFUL. NEITHER THE
DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL UNDER ANY
CIRCUMSTANCES, IMPLY THAT THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS CORRECT AS OF BY
ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT TO THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS.
------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
-----
<S> <C>
Prospectus Summary........................................................................................................ 2
Summary Financial Information............................................................................................. 4
Risk Factors.............................................................................................................. 5
Use of Proceeds........................................................................................................... 13
Selling Securityholders and Plan of Distribution.......................................................................... 13
Dividend Policy........................................................................................................... 14
Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholders Matters.................................................... 14
Capitalization............................................................................................................ 15
Plan of Operation......................................................................................................... 15
Business.................................................................................................................. 17
Management................................................................................................................ 29
Principal Stockholders.................................................................................................... 32
Certain Transactions...................................................................................................... 34
Description of Securities................................................................................................. 36
Shares Eligible for Future Sale........................................................................................... 38
Legal Matters............................................................................................................. 39
Experts................................................................................................................... 39
Available Information..................................................................................................... 39
Index to Financial Statements............................................................................................. F-1
</TABLE>
39,000 SHARES OF
COMMON STOCK
TTR INC.
--------------------------
PROSPECTUS
--------------------------
, 1997
_____________________________ _____________________________
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 24. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Under Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Issuer has
broad powers to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities they
may incur in such capacities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the 'Securities Act'). The Issuer's Bylaws provide that the
Issuer will indemnify its directors, executive officers, other officers,
employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.
The Issuer's Certificate of Incorporation provides for the elimination of
liability for monetary damages for breach of the directors' fiduciary duty of
care to the Issuer and its stockholders. These provisions do not eliminate the
directors' duty of care and, in appropriate circumstances, equitable remedies
such as injunctive or other forms of non-monetary relief will remain available
under Delaware law. In addition, each director will continue to be subject to
liability for breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Issuer, for acts
or omissions not in good faith or involving intentional misconduct, for knowing
violations of law, for any transaction from which the director derived an
improper personal benefit, and for payment of dividends or approval of stock
repurchases or redemptions that are unlawful under Delaware law. The provision
does not affect a director's responsibilities under any other laws, such as the
federal securities laws or state or federal environmental laws.
Reference is made to Section 8 of the Underwriting Agreement (Exhibit 1.1
to this Registration Statement) which provides for indemnification by the
Underwriter and its controlling persons, on the one hand, and of the Issuer and
its controlling persons on the other hand, against certain civil liabilities,
including liabilities under the Securities Act.
ITEM 25. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses, other than
underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by the Issuer in connection with
the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered hereunder. All
of the amounts shown are estimates (except for the SEC and the NASD registration
fees).
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
SEC filing fee............................................................................... $165.45
NASD, Inc. filing fee........................................................................ 0
Transfer agent's fee......................................................................... 0
Printing and engraving expenses.............................................................. 5,000
Legal fees and expenses...................................................................... 5,000
Blue sky filing fees and expenses (including counsel fees)................................... 0
Accounting fees and expenses................................................................. *
Miscellaneous expenses....................................................................... *
-------
Total.............................................................................. $
-------
-------
</TABLE>
- ------------
* To be filed by amendment
ITEM 26. RECENT SALE OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
1. (a) In July 1994, the Company sold 1,200,000 shares of its Common Stock
to Marc D. Tokayer, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Issuer. Mr.
Tokayer subsequently contributed 561,453 shares to the Company which were
immediately cancelled by the Company and deposited 269,274 shares into escrow to
be released from escrow if the Company attains certain future earnings levels or
if the Common Stock trades at certain levels.
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
II-1
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(c) The shares were issued in consideration of services performed and Mr.
Tokayer's shares of Common Stock of TBR Systems Inc. (representing approximately
22% of the then issued equity) in the aggregate valued at $1,200 ($.001 per
share) (ascribing no value to the shares of TBR Systems Inc.).
(d) The Company believes that the shares of Common Stock were issued in a
transaction not involving a public offering in reliance upon an exemption from
registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
2. (a) In August 1994, the Company sold 1,200,000 shares of its Common
Stock to the Tokayer Family Trust (the 'Trust'), which may be deemed an
affiliate of the Issuer. The Trust subsequently transferred 85,000 shares to an
unaffiliated third party in exchange for services and deposited 730,726 shares
into escrow to be released from escrow if the Company attains certain future
earnings levels or if the Common Stock trades at certain levels.
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
(c) The shares were issued in consideration of $25,000 ($.0208 per share).
(d) The Company believes that the shares of Common Stock were issued in a
transaction not involving a public offering in reliance upon an exemption from
registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
3. (a) From November 1994 through July 1995, the Company consummated a
private placement (the '1995 Debt Financing') to 26 accredited investors of
units (the 'Units') consisting of $25,000 principal amount 10% promissory notes
(the 'Notes') and 4,000 warrants exercisable at $.01 per share (the 'Debt
Financing Warrants') . In connection with the Debt Financing, the Company sold
41.6425 Units and issued warrants to the noteholders to purchase up to a total
of 174,548 shares of Common Stock for $.01 per share.
(b) The Company paid commissions (10%) and non-accountable expense
allowances (4%) in the aggregate amount of approximately $146,000 to Shane,
Alexander, Unterburgher Securities, Inc. ('SAU').
(c) The total offering price was $1,041,080.40 (ascribing no value to the
Debt Financing Warrants), and the total underwriting discount was $104,108.
(d) The Company believes that the Units, Notes and Debt Financing Warrants
were issued in a transaction not involving a public offering in reliance upon an
exemption from registration provided by Sections 4(2) and 4(6) of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
4. (a) In November 1994, the Company issued 185,000 Debt Financing Warrants
to SAU. SAU subsequently transferred all of the warrants to 17 unaffiliated
individuals.
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
(c) The warrants were issued in consideration of consulting services
performed.
(d) The Company believes that the warrants were issued in a transaction not
involving a public offering in reliance upon an exemption from registration
provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
5. (a) In June 1995, the Company issued an aggregate of 361,453 shares of
Common Stock to six consultants, including 100,000 shares to Dr. Baruch Sollish,
a director of the Company.
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
(c) The shares were issued in consideration of consulting services
performed valued at $18,073 ($.05 per share).
(d) The Company believes that the shares of Common Stock were issued in a
transaction not involving a public offering in reliance upon an exemption from
registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
6. (a) In May 1995, the Company issued 15,000 Debt Financing Warrants to
Jericho Investments Ltd.
II-2
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
(c) The warrants were issued in consideration of financial consulting
services performed.
(d) The Company believes that the warrants were issued in a transaction not
involving a public offering in reliance upon an exemption from registration
provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
7. (a) In January 1996, the Company sold 50,000 shares of Common Stock to
the Chana Sasha Foundation.
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
(c) The shares were issued in consideration of $100,000 ($2.00 per share).
(d) The Company believes that the shares of Common Stock were issued in a
transaction not involving a public offering in reliance upon an exemption from
registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
8. (a) In April 1996, the Company completed a private placement of 650,000
shares of Common Stock and warrants to purchase an additional 1,000,000 shares
of Common Stock (the 'Warrants') to four sophisticated investors (the 'Equity
Financing').
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
(c) The aggregate purchase price of the securities sold in the Equity
Financing was $200,000, including $10,000 ascribed to the Warrants.
(d) The Company believes that the shares of Common Stock and Warrants were
issued in a transaction not involving a public offering in reliance upon an
exemption from registration provided by Section 4(6) of the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
9. (a) In June 1996, the Company issued in a private placement to six
accredited investors one-year 10% promissory notes (the 'Bridge Financing'). In
connection with the Bridge Financing, the Company issued to such investors an
aggregate of 150,000 shares of Common Stock. In February 1997, the Limited
Partners returned to treasury an aggregate of 135,000 shares of Common Stock.
(b) The Company paid commissions and non-accountable expense allowances in
the aggregate amount of approximately $55,000 to First Metropolitan Securities,
Inc.
(c) The total offering price was $500,000 (ascribing $75,000 to the shares
of Common Stock), and the total underwriting discount was $50,000.
(d) The Company believes that the promissory notes and the shares of Common
Stock were issued in a transaction not involving a public offering in reliance
upon an exemption from registration provided by Section 4(6) of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
10. (a) In July 1996, the Company issued 5,000 options to Sheldon Rich, a
former director of the Company. The options are exercisable at $6.00 per share
until January 15, 2001.
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
(c) The warrants were issued in consideration of services performed
pursuant to the Company's 1996 Stock Option Plan.
(d) The Company believes that the options were issued in a transaction not
involving a public offering in reliance upon an exemption from registration
provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
11. (a) In September 1996, the Company agreed to issue 217,473 warrants
upon the date of this Prospectus to Arik Shavit, a director of the Company. The
warrants are exercisable at $.01 per share until September 2002 and are subject
to a four-year vesting schedule.
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
(c) The warrants were issued in consideration of services to be performed
prior to vesting.
II-3
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(d) The Company believes that the warrants were issued in a transaction not
involving a public offering in reliance upon an exemption from registration
provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
12. (a) In March 1997, the Company issued 5,000 shares of Common Stock to
Alon Guez, a consultant of the Company.
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
(c) The shares were issued in consideration of services performed.
(d) The Company believes that the shares were issued in a transaction not
involving a public offering in reliance upon an exemption from registration
provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
13. (a) In April 1997, the Company issued 15,000 shares of Common Stock to
Holborn Systems Ltd., a consultant of the Company, and 4,000 shares to Ascent
Inner Dimensions of Jewish Life Inc.
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
(c) The shares were issued in consideration of consulting services
performed.
(d) The Company believes that the shares were issued in a transaction not
involving a public offering in reliance upon an exemption from registration
provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
14. (a) In March 1997, the Company issued 50,000 shares of Common Stock to
Robert Friedman, the Company's Chief Financial Officer. The shares are being
held in escrow to be released one half on July 31, 1997 and one half on January
31, 1998, subject to Mr. Friedman's continuous employment with the Company.
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
(c) The shares were issued in consideration of services to be performed
prior to release from escrow.
(d) The Company believes that the shares were issued in a transaction not
involving a public offering in reliance upon an exemption from registration
provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
15. (a) In May 1997, the Company issued 15,000 shares of Common Stock to
Henry Israel, a former consultant of the Company.
(b) There were no underwriters with respect to the above transaction.
(c) The shares were issued in consideration of a settlement agreement.
(d) The Company believes that the shares were issued in a transaction not
involving a public offering in reliance upon an exemption from registration
provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
ITEM 27. EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<C> <S>
3.1 -- Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended.(1)
3.2 -- By-Laws of the Company, as amended.(1)
3.3 -- Memorandum of Association of TTR Israel.(1)
3.4 -- Articles of Association of TTR Israel.(1)
4.2 -- Specimen Common Stock Certificate.(1)
4.3 -- Escrow Agreement.(1)
4.4 -- Form of Registration Rights between the Company and certain securityholders.(1)
4.5 -- Form of Lock-up Agreement between the Company's securityholders and First Metropolitan.(1)
4.6 -- Form of Lock-up Agreement between certain selling stockholders and the First Metropolitan.(1)
*5.1 -- Securities Opinion of Baer Marks & Upham LLP.
9.1 -- Voting Agreement.(1)
</TABLE>
II-4
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
10.1 -- Form of Financial Consulting Agreement between First Metropolitan and the Company.(1)
10.2 -- The Company's 1996 Stock Option Plan.(1)
10.3 -- Employment Agreement between TTR Israel and Marc D. Tokayer.(1)
10.4 -- Employment Agreement between TTR Israel and Baruch Sollish, as amended.(1)
10.5 -- Employment Agreement between TTR Israel and Arik Shavit, as amended.(1)
10.6 -- Unprotected Tenancy Agreement between TTR Israel and Pharmastate Ltd. dated June 10, 1996.(1)
10.7 -- Consulting Agreement dated November 1, 1994 between the Company and Shane Alexander Unterburgher
Securities Inc.(1)
10.8 -- Consulting Agreement dated October 1, 1995 between the Company and Holborn Systems Ltd.(1)
10.9 -- Consulting Agreement between the Company and Pioneer Management Corporation.(1)
10.10 -- Purchase Agreement and Assignment dated January 5, 1995 between TTR Israel and Rina Marketing R&D Ltd.(1)
10.11 -- Loan and Security Agreement dated September 30, 1996 between the Company and 732498 Ontario Ltd.(1)
10.12 -- Form of Note Extension Agreement.(1)
10.13 -- Form of Promissory Note.(1)
10.14 -- Employment Agreement between the Company and Robert Friedman.(1)
10.15 -- Consulting Agreement between TTR Israel and Yoav Guez.(1)
10.16 -- Consulting Agreement between the Company and Ephod Israel Group LLC.(1)
10.17 -- Memorandum of Understanding between the Company and Doug Carson & Associates, Inc.(1)
10.18 -- Agreement among the Company, TTR Israel and Henry Israel.(1)
10.19 -- Memorandum of Understanding between the Company, DCA and Nimbus.
21.1 -- Subsidiaries of the Company.(1)
23.1 -- The consent of Baer Marks & Upham LLP is included in Part II of this Registration Statement.
23.2 -- The consent of Aboudi & Brounstein is included in Part II of this Registration Statement.
23.3 -- The consent of Schneider, Ehrlich & Wengrover LLP, certified public accountants, is included in Part II
of this Registration Statement.
23.4 -- The consent of BDO Almagor & Co., certified public accountants, is included in Part II of this
Registration Statement.
24.1 -- Powers of Attorney (included on the signature page of this Registration Statement).
</TABLE>
- ------------
* To be filed by amendment
(1) These exhibits are incorporated by reference to the Company's registration
statement on Form SB-2 (333-11829).
ITEM 28. UNDERTAKINGS
The Company hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which it offers or sells securities,
a post-effective amendment to this registration statement to:
(i) Include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 'Act');
(ii) Reflect in the prospectus any facts or events which,
individually or together, represent a fundamental change in the
information in the registration statement;
(iii) Include any additional or changed material information on the
plan of distribution.
(2) For determining liability under the Act, to treat each
post-effective amendment as a new registration statement of the securities
offered, and the offering of the securities at that time to be the initial
bona fide offering.
(3) To file a post-effective amendment to remove from registration any
of the securities that remain unsold at the end of the offering.
II-5
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
(4) To provide to the Underwriters at the closing specified in the
underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in
such names as required by the Underwriters to permit prompt delivery to
each purchaser.
(5) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Act
may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
small business issuer pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise,
the small business issuer has been advised that in the opinion of the
Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the
event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than
the payment by the small business issuer of expenses incurred or paid by a
Director, officer or controlling person of the small business issuer in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such
Director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities
being registered, the small business issuer will, unless in the opinion of
its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to
a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and
will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(6) For determining any liability under the Act, to treat the
information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this
registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form
of prospectus filed by the small business issuer under Rule 424(b)(1), or
(4) or 497(h) under the Act as part of this registration statement as of
the time the Commission declared it effective.
(7) For determining any liability under the Act, to treat each
post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus as a new
registration statement for the securities offered in the registration
statement, and that offering of the securities at that time as the initial
bona fide offering of those securities.
II-6
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the
Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all
of the requirements for filing on Form SB-2 and authorized this Registration
Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the State of Israel, on the 30th day of May 1997.
TTR INC.
By: /s/ MARC D. TOKAYER
...................................
MARC D. TOKAYER
CHAIRMAN
In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates stated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
- ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ MARC D. TOKAYER Chairman of the Board, President (Principal May 30, 1997
........................................ Executive Officer) and Treasurer (Principal
MARC D. TOKAYER Financial Officer)
/s/ ARIK SHAVIT Director and Vice President May 30, 1997
........................................
ARIK SHAVIT
/s/ BARUCH SOLLISH Director and Vice President -- Product May 30, 1997
........................................ Research and Development and Secretary
BARUCH SOLLISH
</TABLE>
II-7
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
CONSENT OF COUNSEL
We hereby consent to the reference to our firm under the caption 'Legal
Matters' in the Prospectus contained in this Registration Statement.
BAER MARKS & UPHAM LLP
New York, New York
May 30, 1997
II-8
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
CONSENT OF COUNSEL
We hereby consent to the reference to our firm under the caption 'Legal
Matters' in the Prospectus contained in this Registration Statement.
ABOUDI & BROUNSTEIN
Tel Aviv, Israel
May 30, 1997
II-9
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption 'Experts' and to
the use of our report dated April 15, 1997, except for Note 18(f) as to which
the date is May 6, 1997, in the Registration Statement on Form SB-2 and related
Prospectus of TTR Inc.
SCHNEIDER EHRLICH & WENGROVER LLP
Woodbury, New York
May 30, 1997
II-10
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
As independent auditors of T.T.R. Technologies Ltd., we hereby consent to
the inclusion of our report dated April 13, 1997 and May 6, 1997 and to the
reference to our firm under the heading 'Experts' in the Registration Statement
on Form SB-2 and related prospectus of TTR Inc.
BDO ALMAGOR & CO.
Ramat-Gan, Israel
May 30, 1997
II-11
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION PAGE
- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----
<S> <C> <C>
3.1 -- Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended.(1).......................................
3.2 -- By-Laws of the Company, as amended.(1)............................................................
3.3 -- Memorandum of Association of TTR Israel.(1).......................................................
3.4 -- Articles of Association of TTR Israel.(1).........................................................
4.2 -- Specimen Common Stock Certificate.(1).............................................................
4.3 -- Escrow Agreement.(1)..............................................................................
4.4 -- Form of Registration Rights between the Company and certain securityholders.(1)...................
4.5 -- Form of Lock-up Agreement between the Company's securityholders and First Metropolitan.(1)........
4.6 -- Form of Lock-up Agreement between certain selling stockholders and the First Metropolitan.(1).....
*5.1 -- Securities Opinion of Baer Marks & Upham LLP......................................................
9.1 -- Voting Agreement.(1)..............................................................................
10.1 -- Form of Financial Consulting Agreement between First Metropolitan and the Company.(1).............
10.2 -- The Company's 1996 Stock Option Plan.(1)..........................................................
10.3 -- Employment Agreement between TTR Israel and Marc D. Tokayer.(1)...................................
10.4 -- Employment Agreement between TTR Israel and Baruch Sollish, as amended.(1)........................
10.5 -- Employment Agreement between TTR Israel and Arik Shavit, as amended.(1)...........................
10.6 -- Unprotected Tenancy Agreement between TTR Israel and Pharmastate Ltd. dated June 10, 1996.(1).....
10.7 -- Consulting Agreement dated November 1, 1994 between the Company and Shane Alexander Unterburgher
Securities Inc.(1)................................................................................
10.8 -- Consulting Agreement dated October 1, 1995 between the Company and Holborn Systems Ltd.(1)........
10.9 -- Consulting Agreement between the Company and Pioneer Management Corporation.(1) ..................
10.10 -- Purchase Agreement and Assignment dated January 5, 1995 between TTR Israel and Rina Marketing R&D
Ltd.(1)...........................................................................................
10.11 -- Loan and Security Agreement dated September 30, 1996 between the Company and 732498 Ontario
Ltd.(1)...........................................................................................
10.12 -- Form of Note Extension Agreement.(1)..............................................................
10.13 -- Form of Promissory Note.(1).......................................................................
10.14 -- Employment Agreement between the Company and Robert Friedman.(1)..................................
10.15 -- Consulting Agreement between TTR Israel and Yoav Guez.(1).........................................
10.16 -- Consulting Agreement between the Company and Ephod Israel Group LLC.(1)...........................
10.17 -- Memorandum of Understanding between the Company and Doug Carson & Associates, Inc.(1).............
10.18 -- Agreement among the Company, TTR Israel and Henry Israel.(1)......................................
10.19 -- Memorandum of Understanding between the Company, DCA and Nimbus...................................
21.1 -- Subsidiaries of the Company.(1)...................................................................
23.1 -- The consent of Baer Marks & Upham LLP is included in Part II of this Registration Statement.......
23.2 -- The consent of Aboudi & Brounstein is included in Part II of this Registration Statement..........
23.3 -- The consent of Schneider, Ehrlich & Wengrover LLP, certified public accountants, is included in
Part II of this Registration Statement.............................................................
23.4 -- The consent of BDO Almagor & Co., certified public accountants, is included in Part II of this
Registration Statement.............................................................................
24.1 -- Powers of Attorney (included on the signature page of this Registration Statement)................
</TABLE>
- ------------
* To be filed by amendment
(1) These exhibits are incorporated by reference to the Company's registration
statement on Form SB-2 (333-11829).
STATEMENT OF DIFFERENCES
------------------------
The trademark symbol shall be expressed as................................ 'tm'
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
May 11, 1997
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
WHEREAS, TTR INC., a Delaware corporation, ('TTRINC') and TTR Technologies
Ltd., a corporation organized in the State of Israel, ('TTR Limited'), and
collectively ('TTR') has developed, and holds all proprietary rights to,
technology which may prevent the faithful reproduction of optical media
(hereafter 'DiscGuard').
WHEREAS, NIMBUS CD INTERNATIONAL INC., a Delaware corporation, ('Nimbus')
is a world-recognized CD-ROM replicator.
WHEREAS, DOUG CARSON AND ASSOCIATES, a Oklahoma corporation, ('DCA') is in
the business of supplying mastering interface systems ('MIS') for different
types of laser mastering machines for use in the optical media industry.
WHEREAS, DCA is in the process of developing a MIS which integrates the
DiscGuard technology for use on laser mastering machines (hereinafter the
'Enhanced MIS Unit');
WHEREAS, Nimbus desires and agrees to integrate a Enhanced MIS Unit into
one of its laser mastering machines in order to produce, on a trial basis, a
DiscGuard enhanced glass master and to undertake a test run of 1,000 DiscGuard
protected CD-ROMs (hereinafter the 'First Run'); and
WHEREAS, the parties wish to enter into this Memorandum of Understanding
('MOU') to set forth the principles of their relationship.
NOW, THEREFORE, for the mutual covenants and premises contained herein, the
parties hereto agree as follows:
1. Nimbus will work jointly with DCA to complete the First Run by May 15,
1997. TTR will provide all assistance to so complete the First Run.
Nimbus will supply twenty (20) discs, for approval by TTR prior to
replicating and packaging the First Run. The First Run discs will be
packaged in Jewel boxes with booklets and inlays. The product will be
overwrapped. Nimbus will bear the costs of replicating the discs,
ordering booklets (two page maximum) and inlays using TTR supplied
artwork and packaging the discs. All shipping costs will be borne by
TTR.
2. For the 6 month period beginning from the date of distribution of the
First Run anticipated to be June 3, 1997, the opening day of Replitech
(the 'Exclusivity Period'), TTR shall not grant to any third party the
right to replicate DiscGuard protected CD-ROMs; however, TTR shall be
entitled to grant to any third party the right to integrate a Enhanced
MIS Unit into its laser mastering machines.
3. Upon the completion of the First Run and for the Exclusivity Period,
TTR shall grant to Nimbus a non-exclusive (except as provided in
paragraph 4 below), non-transferable license to use the DiscGuard
technology for the purpose of replicating DiscGuard protected CD-ROMs
and DVDs (hereinafter, the 'Nimbus License').
4. During the Exclusivity Period of the Nimbus License, Nimbus shall
integrate the Enhanced MIS Units into its laser mastering machines and
may not use any technology or unit that is directly competitive with
DiscGuard. The Security Band and Edge to Edge hologram technology
offered by 3d-cd, L.L.C., a joint venture company of Nimbus is
specifically excluded from this provision. In addition, the use of the
Content Scramble System or the Analog Protection System technology of
Macrovision Corporation will also not be prohibited under the terms
hereof.
5. The prototype Enhanced MIS Unit will be provided at no cost to Nimbus
and remain available to Nimbus for the entire Exclusivity period.
Improvements or changes in this unit will be provided in a timely
fashion at no cost to Nimbus. Nimbus reserves the right to discontinue
the use of the Enhanced MIS Unit at any time. Following the Exclusivity
period, if Nimbus elects to purchase the Enhanced MIS Unit, Nimbus and
DCA and Nimbus and TTR agree to negotiate in good faith to establish a
purchase price.
6. During the Exclusivity period, TTR agrees to refer all potential
customers for the DiscGuard technology to Nimbus.
<PAGE>
<PAGE>
7. With respect to each DiscGuard protected Disc sold or distributed by or
on behalf of Nimbus, Nimbus shall pay TTR 50% of the per disc premium
revenue charged for each DiscGuard disc sold. It is understood that the
per disc premium revenue charge will be a minimum of $.15 but TTR and
Nimbus reserve the right to charge the amount charged based on
marketing considerations and mutual agreement.
8. TTR shall grant Nimbus preferred terms on all future payments of
royalties, such that retained per disc premiums are at least 20% more
favorable than those granted to other replicators.
9. With respect to each DiscGuard title sold or distributed by or on
behalf of Nimbus, TTR shall make it known to DiscGuard title owners
that a mandatory $1,500 mastering charge is to be applied by Nimbus.
Nimbus shall pay TTR $1,000 from the gross consideration received;
however, Nimbus shall only be obligated to pay TTR if the mastering
charge is collected. It is understood that this charge is to be applied
on a per title basis and not a per Glass Master basis.
10. All amounts owed by Nimbus to TTR will be paid on a quarterly basis.
Nimbus will accord to TTR the right to audit, with notice and during
normal business hours, Nimbus' records to verify Nimbus' compliance
with its payment obligations. The amounts paid for such sales or
distribution shall be adjusted annually.
11. Each purchaser (i.e., software and electronic content developers and
title publishers) of DiscGuard protected CD-ROMs or DVDs will be
informed by Nimbus through a notice, approved by TTR, that DiscGuard is
proprietary to TTR, disclaim any consequential liability and require
such purchaser to take affirmative action whereby the purchaser is
bound to a standard TTR license respecting the use of DiscGuard. Nimbus
will notify TTR and provide data regarding every mastering and/or
replication job including the number of Discs finished shipped.
12. TTR agrees to hold Nimbus and DCA harmless from and against any and all
liabilities, costs and damages (including reasonable attorney's fees
and litigation cost, regardless of outcome) arising out of or relating
to DiscGuard's infringement of third party IP rights. All parties
hereto shall agree to include limitation of liability provisions in the
'Agreement.'
13. The parties shall issue a media release to the public (in a form that
has been approved in writing by both parties) to announce the business
relationship being created by this MOU.
14. Within 30 days of execution of this MOU the parties shall enter into an
agreement incorporating, inter alia, the principal terms contained
herein (the 'Agreement').
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the Parties has caused this MOU to be duly
executed on its behalf as of the date first written above.
TTR INC. DOUG CARSON AND ASSOCIATES
By: MARC TOKAYER By: DOUG CARSON
.............................. .................................
Mark Tokayer
Chairman and President
TTR TECHNOLOGIES LTD. NIMBUS CD INTERNATIONAL, INC.
By: ARIK SHAVIT By: JOHN TOWN
............................. .................................
Arik Shavit, CEO John Town, VP R&D
<PAGE>
