<PAGE>
Registration No. 333-06383
811-7663
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-6
FOR REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OF
SECURITIES OF UNIT INVESTMENT TRUSTS REGISTERED ON FORM
N-8B-2
Post-Effective Amendment No. 7
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
OF FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(Exact Name of Registrant)
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
440 Lincoln Street
Worcester, MA 01653
(Address of Principal Executive Office)
Abigail M. Armstrong, Esq.
440 Lincoln Street
Worcester, MA 01653
(Name and Address of Agent for Service of Process)
It is proposed that this filing will become effective:
_____immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
X on May 1, 1999 pursuant to paragraph (b)
-----
_____60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a) (1)
_____this Post-Effective Amendment designates a new effective
date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
FLEXIBLE PREMIUM VARIABLE LIFE
Pursuant to Reg. Section 270.24f-2 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 ("1940
Act"), Registrant hereby declares that an indefinite amount of its securities is
being registered under the Securities Act of 1933 ("1933 Act"). The Rule 24f-2
Notice for the issuer's fiscal year ended December 31, 1998 was filed on or
before March 30, 1999.
<PAGE>
RECONCILIATION AND TIE BETWEEN ITEMS
IN FORM N-8B-2 AND THE PROSPECTUS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ITEM NO. OF
FORM N-8B-2 CAPTION IN PROSPECTUS A
- ----------- -----------------------
<S> <C>
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cover Page
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cover Page
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution
5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company, The Separate Account
6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Separate Account
7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal Proceedings
10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Description of the Company, The
Separate Account and the Underlying Funds;
The Certificate; Certificate Termination and
Reinstatement; Other Certificate Provisions
11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; The Trust, Investment Objectives and
Policies
12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; The Trust;
13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; The Trust; VIP; VIP II; T. Rowe Price;
DGPF; and INVESCO VIF; Investment Advisory
Services to the Trust; Investment Advisory
Services to VIP; Investment Advisory Services to
VIP II; Investment Advisory Services to T. Rowe
Price; Investment Advisory Services to DGPF;
Investment Advisory Services to INVESCO VIF;
Charges and Deductions
14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Enrollment Form for a Certificate
15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Enrollment Form for a Certificate;
Premium Payments; Allocation of Net Premiums
16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Separate Account; The Trust; VIP; VIP II;
T. Rowe Price; DGPF; and INVESCO VIF; Premium
Payments; Allocation of Net Premiums
17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Surrender; Partial Withdrawal; Charges
and Deductions; Certificate Termination and
Reinstatement
18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Separate Account; The Trust; VIP; VIP II;
T. Rowe Price; DGPF; and INVESCO VIF; Premium
Payments Reports; Voting Rights
20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Certificate Loans; Other Certificate
Provisions
22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Certificate Provisions
23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Required
24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Certificate Provisions
25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company
26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company
28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Directors and Principal Officers of the Company
29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company
30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution
<PAGE>
36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Distribution
39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Distribution
40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company, Distribution
42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Premium Payments; Certificate Value and
Surrender Value
45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificate Value and Surrender Value; Federal
Tax Considerations
47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company
48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Separate Account
51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cover Page; Summary; Charges and Deductions; The
Certificate; Certificate Termination and
Reinstatement; Other Certificate Provisions
52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Addition, Deletion or Substitution of
Investments
53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal Tax Considerations
54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
RECONCILIATION AND TIE BETWEEN ITEMS
IN FORM N-8B-2 AND THE PROSPECTUS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ITEM NO. OF
FORM N-8B-2 CAPTION IN PROSPECTUS B
- ----------- -----------------------
<S> <C>
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cover Page
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cover Page
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution
5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company, The Group VEL Account
6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Group VEL Account
7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal Proceedings
10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Description of the Company, The Group
VEL Account and the Underlying Funds; The
Certificate; Certificate Termination and
Reinstatement; Other Certificate Provisions
11.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; The Trust, Investment Objectives and
Policies
12.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; The Trust
13.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; The Trust; MFVAT; DGPF and T. Rowe
Price; Investment Advisory Services to the
Trust; Investment Advisory Services to MFVAT;
Investment Advisory Services to DGPF; Investment
Advisory Services to T. Rowe Price; Charges and
Deductions
14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Enrollment Form for a Certificate
15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Enrollment Form for a Certificate;
Premium Payments; Allocation of Net Premiums
16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Group VEL Account; The Trust; MFVAT; DGPF
and T. Rowe Price; Premium Payments; Allocation
of Net Premiums
17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Surrender; Partial Withdrawal; Charges
and Deductions; Certificate Termination and
Reinstatement
18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Group VEL Account; The Trust; DGPF and T.
Rowe Price; Premium Payments Reports; Voting
Rights
20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Certificate Loans; Other Certificate
Provisions
22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Certificate Provisions
23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Required
24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Certificate Provisions
25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company
26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company
28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Directors and Principal Officers of the Company
29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company
30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution
36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
<PAGE>
38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Distribution
39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Distribution
40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company, Distribution
42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Premium Payments; Certificate Value and
Surrender Value
45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificate Value and Surrender Value; Federal
Tax Considerations
47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company
48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Group VEL Account
51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cover Page; Summary; Charges and Deductions; The
Certificate;
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificate Termination and Reinstatement;
Other Certificate Provisions
52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Addition, Deletion or Substitution of
Investments
53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal Tax Considerations
54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
RECONCILIATION AND TIE BETWEEN ITEMS
IN FORM N-8B-2 AND THE PROSPECTUS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ITEM NO. OF
FORM N-8B-2 CAPTION IN PROSPECTUS C
- ----------- -----------------------
<S> <C>
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cover Page
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cover Page
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution
5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company, The Group VEL Account
6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Group VEL Account
7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal Proceedings
10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Description of the Company, The Group
VEL Account and the Underlying Funds; The
Certificate; Certificate Termination and
Reinstatement; Other Certificate Provisions
11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; DGPF; Investment Objectives and
Policies
12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; DGPF
13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; DGPF and the Trust; Investment Advisory
Services; and Charges and Deductions
14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Enrollment Form for a Certificate
15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Enrollment Form for a Certificate;
Premium Payments; Allocation of Net Premiums
16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Group VEL Account; DGPF and the Trust;
Premium Payments; Allocation of Net Premiums
17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Surrender; Partial Withdrawal; Charges
and Deductions; Certificate Termination and
Reinstatement
18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Group VEL Account; DGPF and the Trust;
Premium Payments Reports; Voting Rights
20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Certificate Loans; Other Certificate
Provisions
22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Certificate Provisions
23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Required
24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Certificate Provisions
25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company
26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company
28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Directors and Principal Officers of the Company
29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company
30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution
36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Distribution
39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary; Distribution
<PAGE>
40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company, Distribution
42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Premium Payments; Certificate Value and
Surrender Value
45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificate Value and Surrender Value; Federal
Tax Considerations
47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Company
48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Group VEL Account
51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cover Page; Summary; Charges and Deductions; The
Certificate; Certificate Termination and
Reinstatement; Other Certificate Provisions
52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Addition, Deletion or Substitution of
Investments
53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal Tax Considerations
54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS
GROUP FLEXIBLE PREMIUM VARIABLE LIFE INSURANCE CONTRACTS
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS
This Prospectus provides important information about
Group Vari-Exceptional Life Plus, a group flexible
premium variable life insurance policy offered by
First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company.
Certificates under the Policy are available to
eligible applicants who are members of a
non-qualified benefit plan having a minimum of five
or more members, depending on the group, and who are
PLEASE READ THIS Age 80 years old and under.
PROSPECTUS CAREFULLY
BEFORE INVESTING AND
KEEP IT FOR FUTURE
REFERENCE.
The certificates are funded through the Group VEL
Account, a separate investment account of this
Company that is referred to as the Separate Account.
The Separate Account is subdivided into Sub-Accounts.
Each Sub-Account invests exclusively in shares of one
of the following Funds of Allmerica Investment Trust,
Variable Insurance Products Fund, Variable Insurance
Products Fund II, T. Rowe Price International Series,
Inc., Delaware Group Premium Fund, Inc., INVESCO
Variable Investment Funds, Inc.
VARIABLE LIFE
POLICIES INVOLVE
RISKS INCLUDING
POSSIBLE LOSS OF
PRINCIPAL.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ALLMERICA INVESTMENT TRUST VARIABLE INSURANCE PRODUCTS FUND
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
<C> <S> <C>
THIS PROSPECTUS MUST Select Aggressive Growth Fund Fidelity VIP Overseas Portfolio
BE ACCOMPANIED BY Select Capital Appreciation Fund Fidelity VIP Equity-Income Portfolio
PROSPECTUSES OF THE Select Value Opportunity Fund Fidelity VIP Growth Portfolio
FUNDS. Select Emerging Markets Fund Fidelity VIP High Income Portfolio
Select International Equity Fund
Select Growth Fund VARIABLE INSURANCE PRODUCTS FUND II
Select Strategic Growth Fund --------------------------------
Growth Fund Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager Portfolio
Equity Index Fund Fidelity VIP II Index 500 Portfolio
Select Growth and Income Fund
Investment Grade Income Fund T. ROWE PRICE INTERNATIONAL SERIES, INC.
Government Bond Fund ----------------------------------
Money Market Fund T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio
DELAWARE GROUP PREMIUM FUND, INC. INVESCO VARIABLE INVESTMENT FUNDS, INC.*
-------------------------------- --------------------------------------
DGPF International Equity Series INVESCO VIF Total Return Fund
INVESCO VIF Equity Income Fund
</TABLE>
THE CERTIFICATES ARE *The Total Return Fund and the Equity Income Fund
NOT: of INVESCO VIF are available only to employees of
- A BANK DEPOSIT OR INVESCO and its affiliates.
OBLIGATION; This Prospectus can also be obtained from the
- FEDERALLY INSURED; Securities and Exchange Commission's website
- ENDORSED BY ANY (http://www.sec.gov).
BANK OR IT MAY NOT BE ADVANTAGEOUS TO REPLACE EXISTING
GOVERNMENTAL INSURANCE WITH THE POLICY.
AGENCY. THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION HAS NOT
APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR
DETERMINED THAT THE INFORMATION IS TRUTHFUL OR
COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
<TABLE>
<C> <S> <C>
CORRESPONDENCE MAY BE MAILED TO DATED MAY 1, 1999
ALLMERICA LIFE 440 LINCOLN STREET
P.O. BOX 8179 WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS 01653
BOSTON, MA 02266-8179 (508) 855-1000
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
SPECIAL TERMS......................................................................... 4
SUMMARY............................................................................... 7
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY, THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT, AND THE UNDERLYING FUNDS............ 17
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES.................................................... 19
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES.......................................................... 21
ADDITION, DELETION OR SUBSTITUTION OF INVESTMENTS..................................... 24
VOTING RIGHTS......................................................................... 25
THE CERTIFICATE....................................................................... 25
Enrollment Form for a Certificate................................................... 25
Free-Look Period.................................................................... 26
Conversion Privileges............................................................... 26
Premium Payments.................................................................... 27
Allocation of Net Premiums.......................................................... 27
Transfer Privilege.................................................................. 28
Election of Death Benefit Options................................................... 29
Guideline Premium Test and Cash Value Accumulation Test............................. 29
Death Proceeds...................................................................... 30
Change in Death Benefit Option...................................................... 32
Change in Face Amount............................................................... 32
Certificate Value and Surrender Value............................................... 34
Payment Options..................................................................... 35
Optional Insurance Benefits......................................................... 35
Surrender........................................................................... 35
Paid-Up Insurance Option............................................................ 35
Partial Withdrawal.................................................................. 36
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS................................................................ 37
Premium Expense Charge.............................................................. 37
Monthly Deduction from Certificate Value............................................ 37
Charges Reflected in the Assets of the Separate Account............................. 40
Surrender Charge.................................................................... 40
Charges on Partial Withdrawal....................................................... 42
Transfer Charges.................................................................... 43
Charge for Change in Face Amount.................................................... 43
Other Administrative Charges........................................................ 43
CERTIFICATE LOANS..................................................................... 43
CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT............................................. 45
OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS.......................................................... 46
DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY....................................... 48
DISTRIBUTION.......................................................................... 49
SERVICES.............................................................................. 49
REPORTS............................................................................... 50
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS..................................................................... 50
FURTHER INFORMATION................................................................... 50
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS............................................................... 50
FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS............................................................ 50
The Company and the Separate Account................................................ 51
Taxation of the Certificates........................................................ 51
Certificate Loans................................................................... 52
Modified Endowment Contracts........................................................ 52
</TABLE>
2
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE GENERAL ACCOUNT............................................ 52
YEAR 2000 DISCLOSURE.................................................................. 54
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.................................................................. 55
APPENDIX A -- OPTIONAL BENEFITS....................................................... A-1
APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT OPTIONS......................................................... B-1
APPENDIX C -- ILLUSTRATIONS OF SUM INSURED, CERTIFICATE VALUES AND ACCUMULATED
PREMIUMS............................................................................. C-1
APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES................................ D-1
APPENDIX E -- PERFORMANCE INFORMATION................................................. E-1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.................................................................. F-1
</TABLE>
3
<PAGE>
SPECIAL TERMS
AGE: The Insured's age as of the nearest birthday measured from a Certificate
anniversary.
BENEFICIARY: The person(s) designated by the owner of the Certificate to receive
the insurance proceeds upon the death of the Insured.
CERTIFICATE CHANGE: Any change in the Face Amount, the addition or deletion of a
rider, or a change in the Death Benefit Option.
CERTIFICATE OWNERS: The persons or entity entitled to exercise the rights and
privileges under the Certificate.
CERTIFICATE VALUE: The total amount available for investment under a Certificate
at any time. It is equal to the sum of (a) the value of the Units credited to a
Certificate in the Sub-Accounts, and (b) the accumulation in the General Account
credited to that Certificate.
COMPANY: First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company. "We," "our," "us,"
and "the Company" refer to First Allmerica Life Insurance Company in this
Prospectus.
DATE OF ISSUE: The date set forth in the Certificate used to determine the
Monthly Processing Date, Certificate months, Certificate years, and Certificate
anniversaries.
DEATH BENEFIT: The amount payable upon the death of the Insured, before the
Final Premium Payment Date, prior to deductions for Debt outstanding at the time
of the Insured's death, partial withdrawals and partial withdrawal charges, if
any, and any due and unpaid Monthly Deductions. The amount of the Death Benefit
will depend on the Death Benefit Option chosen, but will always be at least
equal to the Face Amount.
DEATH PROCEEDS: Prior to the Final Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds
equal the amount calculated under the applicable Death Benefit Option, less Debt
outstanding at the time of the Insured's death, partial withdrawals, if any,
partial withdrawal charges, and any due and unpaid Monthly Deductions. After the
Final Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds equal the Surrender Value of the
Certificate.
DEBT: All unpaid Certificate loans plus interest due or accrued on such loans.
DELIVERY RECEIPT: An acknowledgment, signed by the Certificate Owner and
returned to the Principal Office, that the Certificate Owner has received the
Certificate and the Notice of Withdrawal Rights.
EVIDENCE OF INSURABILITY: Information, satisfactory to the Company, that is used
to determine the Insured's Underwriting Class.
FACE AMOUNT: The amount of insurance coverage applied for. The Face Amount of
each Certificate is set forth in the specifications pages of the Certificate.
FINAL PREMIUM PAYMENT DATE: The Certificate anniversary nearest the Insured's
95th birthday. The Final Premium Payment Date is the latest date on which a
premium payment may be made. After this date, the Death Proceeds equal the
Surrender Value of the Certificate.
GENERAL ACCOUNT: All the assets of the Company other than those held in a
Separate Account.
GUIDELINE ANNUAL PREMIUM: The annual amount of premium that would be payable
through the Final Premium Payment Date for the specified Death Benefit, if
premiums were fixed by the Company as to both timing and amount, and monthly
cost of insurance charges were based on the 1980 Commissioners Standard
4
<PAGE>
Ordinary Mortality Tables, Smoker or Non-Smoker (Mortality Table B for unisex
Certificates), net investment earnings at an annual effective rate of 5%, and
fees and charges as set forth in the Certificate and any Certificate riders. The
Death Benefit Option 1 Guideline Annual Premium is used when calculating the
maximum surrender charge.
INSURANCE AMOUNT AT RISK: The Death Benefit less the Certificate Value.
ISSUANCE AND ACCEPTANCE: The date the Company mails the Certificate if the
enrollment form is approved with no changes requiring your consent; otherwise,
the date the Company receives your written consent to any changes.
LOAN VALUE: The maximum amount that may be borrowed under the Certificate.
MINIMUM DEATH BENEFIT: The minimum Death Benefit required to qualify the
Certificate as "life insurance" under federal tax laws. The Minimum Death
Benefit varies by Age. It is calculated by multiplying the Certificate Value by
a percentage determined by the Insured's Age.
MONTHLY DEDUCTION: Charges deducted monthly from the Certificate Value prior to
the Final Premium Payment Date. The charges include the monthly cost of
insurance, the monthly cost of any benefits provided by rider, the monthly
Certificate administrative charge, the monthly Separate Account administrative
charge and the monthly mortality and expense risk charge.
MONTHLY DEDUCTION SUB-ACCOUNT: A Sub-Account of the Separate Account to which
the payor that you name under the Payor Option may allocate Net Premiums to pay
all or a portion of the insurance charges and administrative charges. The
Monthly Deduction Sub-Account is currently the Sub-Account which invests in the
Money Market Fund of Allmerica Investment Trust.
MONTHLY PROCESSING DATE: The date on which the Monthly Deduction is deducted
from Certificate Value.
NET PREMIUM: An amount equal to the premium less any premium expense charge.
PAID-UP INSURANCE: Life insurance coverage for the life of the Insured, with no
further premiums due.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE: The Company's office, located at 440 Lincoln Street,
Worcester, Massachusetts 01653.
PRO-RATA ALLOCATION: In certain circumstances, you may specify from which
Sub-Account certain deductions will be made or to which Sub-Account Certificate
Value will be allocated. If you do not, the Company will allocate the deduction
or Certificate Value among the General Account and the Sub-Accounts, excluding
the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account, in the same proportion that the Certificate
Value in the General Account and the Certificate Value in each Sub-Account bear
to the total Certificate Value on the date of deduction or allocation.
SEPARATE ACCOUNT: A separate account consists of assets segregated from the
Company's other assets. The investment performance of the assets of each
separate account is determined separately from the other assets of the Company.
The assets of a separate account which are equal to the reserves and other
contract liabilities are not chargeable with liabilities arising out of any
other business which the Company may conduct.
SUB-ACCOUNT: A subdivision of the Separate Account. Each Sub-Account invests
exclusively in the shares of a corresponding Fund of the Allmerica Investment
Trust, a corresponding Portfolio of the Fidelity Variable Insurance Products
Fund or the Fidelity Variable Insurance Products Fund II, the T. Rowe Price
International Stock Portfolio of T. Rowe Price International Series, Inc. or the
International Equity Series of the Delaware Group Premium Fund, Inc. The Total
Return Fund and the Equity Income Fund of INVESCO VIF are available only to
employees of INVESCO Funds Group, Inc. and its affiliates.
5
<PAGE>
SURRENDER VALUE: The amount payable upon a full surrender of the Certificate. It
is the Certificate Value, less any Debt and any surrender charges.
UNDERLYING FUNDS ("FUNDS"): The Funds of the Allmerica Investment Trust
("Trust"), the Portfolios of the Variable Insurance Products Fund ("Fidelity
VIP") and Variable Insurance Products Fund II ("Fidelity VIP II"), the Portfolio
of T. Rowe Price International Series, Inc. ("T. Rowe Price"), the Series of the
Delaware Group Premium Fund, Inc. ("DGPF"), and the Funds of INVESCO Variable
Investment Funds, Inc. ("INVESCO VIF"), which are available under the
Certificates.
UNDERWRITING CLASS: The risk classification that the Company assigns the Insured
based on the information in the enrollment form and any other Evidence of
Insurability considered by the Company. The Insured's Underwriting Class will
affect the cost of insurance charge and the amount of premium required to keep
the Certificate in force.
UNIT: A measure of your interest in a Sub-Account.
VALUATION DATE: A day on which the net asset value of the shares of any of the
Underlying Funds is determined and Unit values of the Sub-Accounts are
determined. Valuation Dates currently occur on each day on which the New York
Stock Exchange is open for trading, and on such other days (other than a day
during which no payment, partial withdrawal, or surrender of a Certificate is
received) when there is a sufficient degree of trading in an Underlying Fund's
securities such that the current net asset value of the Sub-Accounts may be
materially affected.
VALUATION PERIOD: The interval between two consecutive Valuation Dates.
WRITTEN REQUEST: A request by the Certificate Owner in writing, satisfactory to
the Company.
YOU OR YOUR: The Certificate Owner, as shown in the enrollment form or the
latest change filed with the Company.
6
<PAGE>
SUMMARY
The following is a summary of the Certificates and the Policy. It highlights key
points from the Prospectus which follows. If you are considering the purchase of
this product, you should read the Prospectus carefully before making a decision.
It offers a more complete presentation of the topics presented here, and will
help you better understand the product.
Within limits, you may choose the amount of initial premium desired and the
initial Death Benefit. You have the flexibility to vary the frequency and amount
of premium payments, subject to certain restrictions and conditions. You may
withdraw a portion of the Certificate's Surrender Value, or the Certificate may
be fully surrendered at any time, subject to certain limitations.
There is no guaranteed minimum Certificate Value. The value of a Certificate
will vary up or down to reflect the investment experience of allocations to the
Sub-Accounts and the fixed rates of interest earned by allocations to the
General Account. The Certificate Value will also be adjusted for other factors,
including the amount of charges imposed. The Certificate will remain in effect
so long as the Certificate Value less any outstanding Debt is sufficient to pay
certain monthly charges imposed in connection with the Certificate. The
Certificate Value may decrease to the point where the Certificate will lapse and
provide no further death benefit without additional premium payments.
If the Certificate is in effect at the death of the Insured, the Company will
pay a Death Benefit (the "Death Proceeds") to the Beneficiary. Prior to the
Final Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds equal the Death Benefit, less any
Debt, partial withdrawals, and any due and unpaid charges. After the Final
Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds equal the Surrender Value of the
Certificate. If the Guideline Premium Test is in effect (See "Election of Death
Benefit Options"), you may choose either Death Benefit Option 1 (the Death
Benefit is fixed in amount) or Death Benefit Option 2 (the Death Benefit
includes the Certificate Value in addition to a fixed insurance amount) and may
change between Death Benefit Option 1 and Option 2, subject to certain
conditions. If the Cash Value Accumulation Test is in effect, Death Benefit
Option 3 (the Death Benefit is fixed in amount) will apply. A Minimum Death
Benefit, equivalent to a percentage of the Certificate Value, will apply if
greater than the Death Benefit otherwise payable under Option 1, Option 2 or
Option 3.
In certain circumstances, a Certificate may be considered a "modified endowment
contract." Under the Internal Revenue Code ("Code"), any Certificate loan,
partial withdrawal or surrender from a modified endowment contract may be
subject to tax and tax penalties. See FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS -- "Modified
Endowment Contracts."
THE CERTIFICATE
The Certificate issued under a group flexible premium variable life Policy
offered by this Prospectus allows you, subject to certain limitations, to make
premium payments in any amount and frequency. As long as the Certificate remains
in force, it will provide for:
- life insurance coverage on the named Insured;
- Certificate Value;
- surrender rights and partial withdrawal rights;
- loan privileges; and
- in some cases, additional insurance benefits available by rider for an
additional charge.
7
<PAGE>
The Certificates provide Death Benefits, Certificate Values, and other features
traditionally associated with life insurance policies. The Certificates are
"variable" because, unlike the fixed benefits of ordinary whole life insurance,
the Certificate Value will, and under certain circumstances the Death Proceeds
may, increase or decrease depending on the investment experience of the
Sub-Accounts of the Separate Account. They are "flexible premium" Certificates,
because, unlike traditional insurance policies, there is no fixed schedule for
premium payments. Although you may establish a schedule of premium payments
("planned premium payments"), failure to make the planned premium payments will
not necessarily cause a Certificate to lapse, nor will making the planned
premium payments guarantee that a Certificate will remain in force. Thus, you
may, but are not required to, pay additional premiums.
The Certificate will remain in force until the Surrender Value is insufficient
to cover the next Monthly Deduction and loan interest accrued, if any, and a
grace period of 62 days has expired without adequate payment being made by you.
SURRENDER CHARGES
At any time that a Certificate is in effect, a Certificate Owner may elect to
surrender the Certificate and receive its Surrender Value. A surrender charge
may be calculated upon issuance of the Certificate and upon each increase in the
Face Amount. The surrender charge may be imposed, depending on the group to
which the Policy is issued, for up to 15 years from the Date of Issue or any
increase in the Face Amount and you request a full surrender or a decrease in
the Face Amount.
SURRENDER CHARGES FOR THE INITIAL FACE AMOUNT
The maximum surrender charge calculated upon issuance of the Certificate is
equal to the sum of (a) plus (b), where (a) is a deferred administrative charge
of up to $8.50 per thousand dollars of the initial Face Amount, and (b) is a
deferred sales charge of up to 50% (less any premium expense charge not
associated with state and local premium taxes) of premiums received up to the
Guideline Annual Premium, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued.
In accordance with limitations under state insurance regulations, the amount of
the maximum surrender charge will not exceed a specified amount per thousand
dollars of initial Face Amount, as indicated in APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF
MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES. The maximum surrender charge remains level for up to
24 Certificate months, reduces uniformly each month for the balance of the
surrender charge period, and is zero thereafter. If you surrender the
Certificate during the first two years following the Date of Issue before making
premium payments associated with the initial Face Amount which are at least
equal to one Guideline Annual Premium, the actual surrender charge imposed may
be less than the maximum. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Surrender" and CHARGES AND
DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender Charge."
SURRENDER CHARGES FOR AN INCREASE IN FACE AMOUNT
A separate surrender charge may apply to and be calculated for each increase in
the Face Amount. The maximum surrender charge for the increase is equal to the
sum of (a) plus (b), where (a) is a deferred administrative charge of up to
$8.50 per thousand dollars of increase, and (b) is a deferred sales charge of up
to 50% (less any premium expense charge not associated with state and local
premium taxes) of premiums associated with the increase, up to the Guideline
Annual Premium for the increase. In accordance with limitations under state
insurance regulations, the amount of the surrender charge will not exceed a
specified amount per thousand dollars of increase, as indicated in APPENDIX D --
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES.
This maximum surrender charge with respect to an increase remains level for up
to 24 Certificate months following the increase, reduces uniformly each month
for the balance of the surrender charge period, and is zero thereafter. During
the first two Certificate years following an increase in Face Amount, before
making premium payments associated with the increase in Face Amount which are at
least equal to one Guideline Annual Premium, the actual surrender charge with
respect to the increase may be less than the maximum. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Surrender" and CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender Charge."
8
<PAGE>
In the event of a decrease in the Face Amount, any surrender charge imposed is a
fraction of the charge that would apply to a full surrender of the Certificate.
See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Surrender" and CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender
Charge."
PREMIUM EXPENSE CHARGE
A charge may be deducted from each premium payment for state and local premium
taxes paid by the Company, to compensate the Company for federal taxes imposed
for deferred acquisition cost ("DAC") taxes, and for sales expenses related to
the Certificates. State premium taxes generally range from 0.75% to 5%, while
local premium taxes (if any) vary by jurisdiction within a state. The DAC tax
deduction may range from zero to 1% of premiums, depending on the group to which
the Policy is issued. The charge for distribution expenses may range from zero
to 5%. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Premium Expense Charge."
MONTHLY DEDUCTIONS FROM CERTIFICATE VALUE
On the Date of Issue and each Monthly Processing Date thereafter prior to the
Final Premium Payment Date, certain charges ("Monthly Deductions") will be
deducted from the Certificate Value. The Monthly Deduction includes a charge for
cost of insurance, a charge for the cost of any additional benefits provided by
rider, and a charge for administrative expenses that may be up to $10, depending
on the group to which the Policy is issued. The Monthly Deduction may also
include a charge for Separate Account administrative expenses and a charge for
mortality and expense risks. The Separate Account administrative charge may
continue for up to 10 Certificate years and may be up to 0.25% of Certificate
Value in each Sub-Account, depending on the group to which the Policy was
issued. The mortality and expense risk charge may be up to 0.90% of Certificate
Value in each Sub-Account.
You may specify from which Sub-Account the cost of insurance charge, the charge
for Certificate administrative expenses, the mortality expense risk charge, and
the charge for the cost of additional benefits provided by rider will be
deducted. If the Payor Provision is in force, all cost of insurance charges and
administrative charges will be deducted from the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account.
If no allocation is specified, the Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation.
The Separate Account administrative charge and the mortality and expense risk
charge are assessed against each Sub-Account that generates a charge. In the
event that a charge is greater than the value of the Sub-Account to which it
relates on a Monthly Processing Date, the unpaid balance will be totaled and the
Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation.
Monthly Deductions are made on the Date of Issue and on each Monthly Processing
Date until the Final Premium Payment Date. No Monthly Deductions will be made on
or after the Final Premium Payment Date. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly
Deductions from Certificate Value."
TRANSACTION CHARGES
Each of the charges listed below is designed to reimburse the Company for
administrative costs incurred in the applicable transaction.
TRANSACTION CHARGE ON PARTIAL WITHDRAWALS
A transaction charge, which is up to the smaller of 2% of the amount withdrawn,
or $25, is assessed at the time of each partial withdrawal to reimburse the
Company for the cost of processing the withdrawal. In addition to the
transaction charge, a partial withdrawal charge may also be made under certain
circumstances. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Charges on Partial Withdrawal."
The transaction fee applies to all partial withdrawals, including a Withdrawal
without a surrender charge.
9
<PAGE>
CHARGE FOR CHANGE IN FACE AMOUNT
For each increase or decrease in the Face Amount, a charge of $2.50 per $1,000
of increase or decrease up to $40, may be deducted from the Certificate Value.
This charge is designed to reimburse the Company for underwriting and
administrative costs associated with the change. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Change
in Face Amount" and CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Charge for Change in Face
Amount."
TRANSFER CHARGE
The first twelve transfers of Certificate Value in a Certificate year will be
free of charge. Thereafter, with certain exceptions, a transfer charge of $10
will be imposed for each transfer request to reimburse the Company for the costs
of processing the transfer. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Transfer Privilege" and
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Transfer Charges."
OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGES
The Company reserves the right to impose a charge for the administrative costs
associated with changing the Net Premium allocation instructions, for changing
the allocation of any Monthly Deductions among the various Sub-Accounts, or for
a projection of values. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Other Administrative
Charges."
CHARGES OF THE UNDERLYING INVESTMENT FUNDS
In addition to the charges described above, certain fees and expenses are
deducted from the assets of the Underlying Investment Funds. See CHARGES AND
DEDUCTIONS -- "Charges Reflected in the Assets of the Separate Account." The
levels of fees and expenses vary among the Underlying Investment Funds.
CERTIFICATE VALUE AND SURRENDER VALUE
The Certificate Value is the total amount available for investment under a
Certificate at any time. It is the sum of the value of all Units in the
Sub-Accounts of the Separate Account and all accumulations in the General
Account of the Company credited to the Certificate. The Certificate Value
reflects the amount and frequency of Net Premiums paid, charges and deductions
imposed under the Certificate, interest credited to accumulations in the General
Account, investment performance of the Sub-Accounts to which Certificate Value
has been allocated, and partial withdrawals. The Certificate Value may be
relevant to the computation of the Death Proceeds. You bear the entire
investment risk for amounts allocated to the Separate Account. The Company does
not guarantee a minimum Certificate Value.
The Surrender Value will be the Certificate Value, less any Debt and surrender
charges. The Surrender Value is relevant, for example, in the computation of the
amounts available upon partial withdrawals, Certificate loans or surrender.
DEATH PROCEEDS
The Certificate provides for the payment of certain Death Proceeds to the named
Beneficiary upon the death of the Insured. Prior to the Final Premium Payment
Date, the Death Proceeds will be equal to the Death Benefit, reduced by any
outstanding Debt, partial withdrawals, partial withdrawal charges, and any
Monthly Deductions due and not yet deducted through the Certificate month in
which the Insured dies. Three Death Benefit Options are available. Under Option
1 and Option 3, the Death Benefit is the greater of the Face Amount or the
applicable Minimum Death Benefit. Under Option 2, the Death Benefit is the
greater of the Face Amount plus the Certificate Value or the Minimum Death
Benefit. The Minimum Death Benefit is equivalent to a percentage (determined
each month based on the Insured's Age) of the Certificate Value. On or
10
<PAGE>
after the Final Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds will equal the
Surrender Value. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Death Proceeds."
The Death Proceeds under the Certificate may be received in a lump sum or under
one of the Payment Options the Company offers. See APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT
OPTIONS.
FLEXIBILITY TO ADJUST DEATH BENEFIT
Subject to certain limitations, you may adjust the Death Benefit, and thus the
Death Proceeds, at any time prior to the Final Premium Payment Date, by
increasing or decreasing the Face Amount of the Certificate. Any change in the
Face Amount will affect the monthly cost of insurance charges and the amount of
the surrender charge. If the Face Amount is decreased, a pro-rata surrender
charge may be imposed. The Certificate Value is reduced by the amount of the
charge. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Changes in Face Amount."
The minimum increase in the Face Amount will vary by group, but will in no event
exceed $10,000. Any increase may also require additional Evidence of
Insurability. The increase is subject to a "free-look period" and, during the
first 24 months after the increase, to a conversion privilege. See THE
CERTIFICATE -- "Free-Look Period" and "Conversion Privileges."
You may, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued, have the
flexibility to add additional insurance benefits by rider. These may include the
Waiver of Premium Rider, Other Insured Rider, Children's Insurance Rider,
Accidental Death Benefit Rider, Option to Accelerate Benefits Rider and Exchange
Option Rider. See APPENDIX A -- OPTIONAL BENEFITS.
The cost of these optional insurance benefits will be deducted from the
Certificate Value as part of the Monthly Deduction. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- -- "Monthly Deduction from Certificate Value."
CERTIFICATE ISSUANCE
At the time of enrollment, the proposed Insured will complete an enrollment form
which lists the proposed amount of insurance and indicates how much of that
insurance is considered eligible for simplified underwriting. If the eligibility
questions on the enrollment form are answered "No," the Company will provide
immediate coverage equal to the simplified underwriting amount. If the proposed
insured is in a standard premium class, any insurance in excess of the
simplified underwriting amount will begin on the date the enrollment form and
medical examination, if any, are completed. If the proposed Insured cannot
answer the eligibility questions "No," and if the proposed Insured is not a
standard risk, insurance coverage will begin only after the Company (1) approves
the enrollment form, (2) the Certificate is delivered and accepted, and (3) the
first premium is paid.
If any premiums are paid prior to the issuance of the Certificate, such premiums
will be held in the General Account. If your enrollment form is approved and the
Certificate is issued and accepted, the initial premiums held in the General
Account will be credited with interest at a specified rate beginning not later
than the date of receipt of the premiums at the Company's Principal Office. IF A
CERTIFICATE IS NOT ISSUED AND ACCEPTED, THE INITIAL PREMIUMS WILL BE RETURNED TO
YOU WITHOUT INTEREST.
ALLOCATION OF NET PREMIUMS
Net Premiums are the premiums paid less any premium expense charge. The
Certificate, together with its attached enrollment form, constitutes the entire
agreement between you and the Company. Net Premiums may be allocated to one or
more Sub-Accounts of the Separate Account, to the General Account, or to any
combination of Accounts. You bear the investment risk of Net Premiums allocated
to the Sub-Accounts. Allocations may be made to no more than 20 Sub-Accounts at
any one time. The minimum allocation is 1% of
11
<PAGE>
Net Premium. All allocations must be in whole numbers and must total 100%. See
THE CERTIFICATE -- "Allocation of Net Premiums."
Premiums allocated to the General Account will earn a fixed rate of interest.
Net Premiums and minimum interest are guaranteed by the Company. For more
information, see MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE GENERAL ACCOUNT.
INVESTMENT OPTIONS
The Certificates permit Net Premiums to be allocated either to the General
Account or to the Separate Account. The Separate Account consists of 46
Sub-Accounts of which 23 are available under the Certificates. Each Sub-Account
invests exclusively in a corresponding Underlying Fund of the Allmerica
Investment Trust ("Trust"), managed by Allmerica Financial Investment Management
Services, Inc. ("AFIMS"); of the Fidelity Variable Insurance Products Fund
("Fidelity VIP") and the Fidelity Variable Insurance Products Fund II ("Fidelity
VIP II"), managed by Fidelity Management & Research Company ("FMR"); T. Rowe
Price International Series, Inc. ("T. Rowe Price"), managed by Rowe
Price-Fleming International, Inc. ("Price-Fleming"); of the Delaware Group
Premium Fund, Inc. ("DGPF"), managed by Delaware International Advisers, Ltd.
("Delaware International"); and of INVESCO Variable Investment Funds, Inc.
("INVESCO VIF") managed by INVESCO Funds Group, Inc. ("INVESCO"), (available
only to employees of INVESCO and its affiliates). In some states, insurance
regulations may restrict the availability of particular Underlying Funds. The
Certificates permit you to transfer Certificate Value among the available Sub-
Accounts and between the Sub-Accounts and the General Account, subject to
certain limitations described under THE CERTIFICATE -- "Transfer Privilege."
The value of each Sub-Account will vary daily depending upon the performance of
the Underlying Fund in which it invests. Each Sub-Account reinvests dividends or
capital gains distributions received from an Underlying Fund in additional
shares of that Underlying Fund. There can be no assurance that the investment
objectives of the Underlying Funds can be achieved. For more information, see
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY, THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT, AND THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
CHARGES OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
In addition to the charges described above, certain fees and expenses are
deducted from the assets of the Underlying Funds. The levels of fees and
expenses vary among the Underlying Funds. The following table
12
<PAGE>
shows the expenses of the Underlying Funds for 1998. For more information
concerning fees and expenses, see the prospectuses of the Underlying Funds.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MANAGEMENT FEE OTHER EXPENSES TOTAL FUND
(AFTER VOLUNTARY (AFTER APPLICABLE EXPENSES (AFTER
UNDERLYING FUND WAIVERS) REIMBURSEMENTS) WAIVERS/REIMBURSEMENTS)
- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------ -------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Select Aggressive Growth Fund.......................... 0.88% 0.07% 0.95%(1)(2)
Select Capital Appreciation Fund....................... 0.94% 0.10% 1.04%(1)(2)
Select Value Opportunity Fund.......................... 0.90%(1)* 0.08% 0.98%(1)(2)*
Select Emerging Markets Fund(@)........................ 1.00%* 1.19% 2.19%(1)(2)*
Select International Equity Fund....................... 0.90% 0.12% 1.02%(1)(2)
DGPF International Equity Series....................... 0.82%(4) 0.13% 0.95%(4)
Fidelity VIP Overseas Portfolio........................ 0.74% 0.17% 0.91%(3)
T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio............ 1.05% 0.00% 1.05%
Select Growth Fund..................................... 0.81%** 0.05% 0.86%(1)(2)**
Select Strategic Growth Fund(@)........................ 0.39%* 0.81% 1.20%(1)(2)*
Growth Fund............................................ 0.44% 0.05% 0.49%(1)(2)
Fidelity VIP Growth Portfolio.......................... 0.59% 0.09% 0.68%(3)
Fidelity VIP II Index 500 Portfolio.................... 0.24% 0.11% 0.35%(3)
Equity Index Fund...................................... 0.29% 0.07% 0.36%(1)
Fidelity VIP Equity-Income Portfolio................... 0.49% 0.09% 0.58%(3)
Select Growth and Income Fund.......................... 0.68% 0.05% 0.73%(1)(2)
Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager Portfolio................ 0.54% 0.10% 0.64%(3)
Fidelity VIP High Income Portfolio..................... 0.58% 0.12% 0.70%
Investment Grade Income Fund........................... 0.43% 0.09% 0.52%(1)
Government Bond Fund................................... 0.50% 0.14% 0.64%(1)
Money Market Fund...................................... 0.26% 0.06% 0.32%(1)
INVESCO VIF Equity Income Fund......................... 0.75% 0.18% 0.93%(##)
INVESCO VIF Total Return Fund.......................... 0.75% 0.42% 1.17%(##)
</TABLE>
(@) Select Emerging Markets Fund and Select Strategic Growth Fund commenced
operations on February 20, 1998. Expenses shown are annualized.
* Amount has been adjusted to reflect a voluntary expense limitation currently
in effect for Select Emerging Markets Fund, Select Value Opportunity Fund, and
Select Strategic Growth Fund. Without these adjustments, the Management Fees and
Total Fund Expenses would have been 1.35% and 2.54%, respectively, for Select
Emerging Markets Fund, 0.91% and 0.99%, respectively, for Select Value
Opportunity Fund, and 0.85% and 1.66%, respectively, for Select Strategic Growth
Fund.
** Effective June 1, 1998, the management fee rate for the Select Growth Fund
was revised. The Management Fee and Total Fund Expense ratios shown in the table
above have been adjusted to assume that the revised rates took effect January 1,
1998.
(1) Until further notice, Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services,
Inc. ("AFIMS") has declared a voluntary expense limitation of 1.35% of average
net assets for Select Aggressive Growth Fund and Select Capital Appreciation
Fund, 1.25% for Select Value Opportunity Fund, 1.50% for Select International
Equity Fund, 1.20% for Growth Fund and Select Growth Fund, 1.00% for Investment
Grade Income Fund and Government Bond Fund, 1.10% for Select Growth and Income
Fund , and 0.60% for Money Market Fund and Equity Index Fund. The total
operating expenses of these Funds of the Trust were less than their respective
expense limitations throughout 1998.
Until further notice, AFIMS has declared a voluntary expense limitation of 1.20%
of average daily net assets for the Select Strategic Growth Fund. In addition,
AFIMS has agreed to voluntarily waive its management fee to the extent that
expenses of the Select Emerging Markets Fund exceed 2.00% of the Fund's average
daily net assets, except that such waiver shall not exceed the net amount of
management fees earned by AFIMS from the Fund after subtracting fees paid by
AFIMS to a sub-adviser.
13
<PAGE>
Until further notice, the Select Value Opportunity Fund's management fee rate
has been voluntarily limited to an annual rate of 0.90% of average daily net
assets, and total expenses are limited to 1.25% of average daily net assets.
The declaration of a voluntary management fee or expense limitation in any year
does not bind the Manager to declare future expense limitations with respect to
these Funds. These limitations may be terminated at any time.
(2) These funds have entered into agreements with brokers whereby brokers rebate
a portion of commissions. Had these amounts been treated as reductions of
expenses, the total annual fund operating expense ratios would have been 2.19%
for Select Emerging Markets Fund, 0.92% for Select Aggressive Growth Fund, 1.02%
for Select Capital Appreciation Fund, 0.94% for Select Value Opportunity Fund,
1.01% for Select International Equity Fund, 0.84% for Select Growth Fund, 1.14%
for Select Strategic Growth Fund, 0.46% for Growth Fund, and 0.70% for Select
Growth and Income Fund.
(3) A portion of the brokerage commissions that certain funds paid were used to
reduce Fund expenses. In addition, certain funds, or FMR on behalf of certain
funds, have entered into arrangements with their custodian whereby credits
realized as a result of uninvested cash balances were used to reduce custodian
expenses. Including these reductions, the total fund expenses presented in the
table would have been 0.57% for Fidelity VIP Equity-Income Portfolio, 0.66% for
Fidelity VIP Growth Portfolio, 0.89% for Fidelity VIP Overseas Portfolio, 0.63%
for Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager Portfolio, and 0.28% for Fidelity VIP II Index
500 Portfolio.
(4) Effective May 1, 1999, Delaware International Advisers Ltd., the investment
adviser for the DGPF International Equity Series, has agreed to limit total
annual expenses of the fund to 0.95%. This limitation replaces a prior
limitation of 0.95% that expired on April 30, 1999. The new limitation will be
in effect through October 31, 1999. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998,
the actual ratio of total annual expenses was 0.98%.
(##) Various expenses of the Equity Income Fund and Total Return Fund were
voluntarily absorbed by INVESCO in 1998. If such expenses had not been
voluntarily absorbed, the total operating expense ratios would have been 1.17%
and 1.24%, respectively.
The Underlying Fund information above was provided by the Underlying Funds and
was not independently verified by the Company.
FREE-LOOK PERIOD
The Certificate provides for an initial Free-Look Period. You may cancel the
Certificate by mailing or delivering it to the Principal Office or to an agent
of the Company on or before the latest of (a) 45 days after the enrollment form
for the Certificate is signed, (b) 10 days after you receive the Certificate,
(c) 10 days (20 or 30 days if required in your state) after the Company mails or
personally delivers a Notice of Withdrawal Rights to you, or (d) 60 days after
you receive the Policy, if the Policy was purchased in New York as a replacement
for an existing policy.
When you return the Certificate, the Company will mail a refund to you within
seven days. The refund of any premium paid by check may be delayed until the
check has cleared your bank. If your Certificate provides for a full refund of
the initial premium under its "Right-to-Examine Certificate" provision as
required in your state, or if the Certificate was issued in New York as a
replacement, your refund will be the greater of (a) your entire premium, or (b)
the Certificate Value plus deductions under the Certificate, or by the
Underlying Funds for taxes, charges or fees. If your Certificate does not
provide for a full refund of the initial premium, you will receive the
Certificate Value in the Separate Account, plus premiums paid (including fees
and charges), minus the amounts allocated to the Separate Account, plus the fees
and charges imposed on amounts in the Separate Account. After an increase in the
Face Amount, a right to cancel the increase also applies. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Free-Look Period."
14
<PAGE>
CONVERSION PRIVILEGES
During the first 24 Certificate months after the Date of Issue, subject to
certain restrictions, you may convert this Certificate to a flexible premium
fixed adjustable life insurance Certificate by simultaneously transferring all
accumulated value in the Sub-Accounts to the General Account and instructing the
Company to allocate all future premiums to the General Account. A similar
conversion privilege is in effect for 24 Certificate months after the date of an
increase in the Face Amount. Where required by state law, and at your request,
the Company will issue a flexible premium adjustable life insurance Certificate
to you. The new Certificate will have the same face amount, issue Age, Date of
Issue, and risk classifications as the original Certificate. See THE CERTIFICATE
- -- "Conversion Privileges."
PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL
After the first Certificate year, you may make partial withdrawals in a minimum
amount of $500 from the Certificate Value. Under Option 1 or Option 3, the Face
Amount is reduced by the amount of the partial withdrawal, and a partial
withdrawal will not be allowed if it would reduce the Face Amount below $40,000.
A transaction charge which is described in CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Charges on
Partial Withdrawal," will be assessed to reimburse the Company for the cost of
processing each partial withdrawal. A partial withdrawal charge may also be
imposed upon a partial withdrawal. Generally, amounts withdrawn during each
Certificate year in excess of 10% of the Certificate Value ("excess withdrawal")
are subject to the partial withdrawal charge. The partial withdrawal charge is
equal to 5% of the excess withdrawal up to the surrender charge on the date of
withdrawal. If no surrender charge is applicable at the time of withdrawal, no
partial withdrawal charge will be deducted. The Certificate's outstanding
surrender charge will be reduced by the amount of the partial withdrawal charge
deducted. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Partial Withdrawal" and CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- -- "Charges on Partial Withdrawal."
LOAN PRIVILEGE
You may borrow against the Certificate Value. The total amount you may borrow is
the Loan Value. Loan Value in the first Certificate year is 75% of an amount
equal to the Certificate Value less surrender charge, Monthly Deductions, and
interest on the Certificate loan to the end of the Certificate year. Thereafter,
Loan Value is 90% of an amount equal to Certificate Value less the surrender
charge.
Certificate loans will be allocated among the General Account and the
Sub-Accounts in accordance with your instructions. If no allocation is made by
you, the Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation among the Accounts. In either
case, Certificate Value equal to the Certificate loan will be transferred from
the appropriate Sub-Accounts to the General Account, and will earn monthly
interest at an effective annual rate of at least 4.0%. Therefore, a Certificate
loan may have a permanent impact on the Certificate Value even though it is
eventually repaid. Although the loan amount is a part of the Certificate Value,
the Death Proceeds will be reduced by the amount of outstanding Debt at the time
of death.
Certificate loans will bear interest at a fixed rate of 8% per year, due and
payable in arrears at the end of each Certificate year. If interest is not paid
when due, it will be added to the loan balance. Certificate loans may be repaid
at any time. You must notify the Company if a payment is a loan repayment;
otherwise, it will be considered a premium payment. Any partial or full
repayment of Debt by you will be allocated to the General Account or
Sub-Accounts in accordance with your instructions. If you do not specify an
allocation, the Company will allocate the loan repayment in accordance with your
most recent premium allocation instructions. See CERTIFICATE LOANS.
PREFERRED LOAN OPTION
A preferred loan option is available under the Certificates. The preferred loan
option will be available upon Written Request. It may be revoked by you at any
time. If this option has been selected, after the tenth
15
<PAGE>
certificate anniversary, Certificate Value in the General Account equal to the
loan amount will be credited with interest at an effective annual yield of at
least 7.5%. Our current practice is to credit a rate of interest equal to the
rate being charged for the preferred loan.
There is some uncertainty as to the tax treatment of preferred loans. Consult a
qualified tax adviser (and see FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS). THE PREFERRED LOAN
OPTION IS NOT AVAILABLE IN ALL STATES.
CERTIFICATE LAPSE AND REINSTATEMENT
Failure to make premium payments will not cause a Certificate to lapse unless:
(a) the Surrender Value is insufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction plus
loan interest accrued, if any, or (b) Debt exceeds the Certificate Value. A
62-day grace period applies to each situation. Subject to certain conditions
(including Evidence of Insurability showing that the Insured is insurable
according to the Company's underwriting rules and the payment of sufficient
premium), the Certificate may be reinstated at any time within three years after
the expiration of the grace period and prior to the Final Premium Payment Date.
See CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT.
TAX TREATMENT
The Certificate is generally subject to the same federal income tax treatment as
a conventional fixed benefit life insurance policy. Under current tax law, to
the extent there is no change in benefits, you will be taxed on the Certificate
Value withdrawn from the Certificate only to the extent that the amount
withdrawn exceeds the total premiums paid. Withdrawals in excess of premiums
paid will be treated as ordinary income. During the first 15 Certificate years,
however, an "interest-first" rule applies to any distribution of cash that is
required under Section 7702 of the Code because of a reduction in benefits under
the Certificate. Death Proceeds under the Certificate are excludable from the
gross income of the Beneficiary, but in some circumstances the Death Proceeds or
the Certificate Value may be subject to federal estate tax. See FEDERAL TAX
CONSIDERATIONS -- "Taxation of the Certificates."
The Certificate offered by this Prospectus may be considered a "modified
endowment contract" if it fails a "seven-pay" test. A Certificate fails to
satisfy the seven-pay test if the cumulative premiums paid under the Certificate
at any time during the first seven Certificate years, or within seven years of a
material change in the Certificate, exceed the sum of the net level premiums
that would have been paid, had the Certificate
provided for paid-up future benefits after the payment of seven level premiums.
If the Certificate is considered a modified endowment contract, all
distributions (including Certificate loans, partial withdrawals, surrenders or
assignments) will be taxed on an "income-first" basis. With certain exceptions,
an additional 10% penalty will be imposed on the portion of any distribution
that is includible in income. For more information, see FEDERAL TAX
CONSIDERATIONS -- "Modified Endowment Contracts."
The Certificate summarizes the provisions of the group Policy under which it is
issued, which has the purpose of providing insurance protection for the
Beneficiary named therein. References to Certificate rights and features are
intended to represent a Certificate Owner's rights and benefits under the group
Policy. This Summary is intended to provide only a very brief overview of the
more significant aspects of the Certificate. Further detail is provided in this
Prospectus, the Certificate and the group Policy. No claim is made that the
Certificate is in any way similar or comparable to a systematic investment plan
of a mutual fund.
16
<PAGE>
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY, THE SEPARATE
ACCOUNT, AND THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
THE COMPANY
The Company, organized under the laws of Massachusetts in 1844, is the fifth
oldest life insurance company in America. As of December 31, 1998, the Company
and its subsidiaries had over $27 billion in combined assets and over $48
billion of life insurance in force. Effective October 16, 1995, the Company
converted from a mutual life insurance company, known as State Mutual Life
Assurance Company of America, to a stock life insurance company and adopted its
present name. The Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Allmerica Financial
Corporation ("AFC"). The Company's principal office is located at 440 Lincoln
Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01653, telephone 508-855-1000 ("Principal
Office").
The Company is subject to the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
governing insurance companies and to regulation by the Commissioner of Insurance
of Massachusetts. In addition, the Company is subject to the insurance laws and
regulations of other states and jurisdictions in which it is licensed to
operate.
The Company is a charter member of the Insurance Marketplace Standards
Association ("IMSA"). Companies that belong to IMSA subscribe to a rigorous set
of standards that cover the various aspects of sales and service for
individually sold life insurance and annuities. IMSA members have adopted
policies and procedures that demonstrate a commitment to honesty, fairness and
integrity in all customer contacts involving sales and service of individual
life insurance and annuity products.
THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT
The Separate Account was authorized by vote of the Board of Directors of the
Company on August 20, 1991. The Separate Account is registered with the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as a unit investment trust under the
Investment Company Act of 1940 ("1940 Act"). Such registration does not involve
the supervision of its management or investment practices or policies of the
Separate Account or the Company by the SEC.
The assets used to fund the variable portion of the Certificates are set aside
in the Separate Account, and are kept separate from the general assets of the
Company. Under Massachusetts law, assets equal to the reserves and other
liabilities of the Separate Account may not be charged with any liabilities
arising out of any other business of the Company. The Separate Account currently
has 23 Sub-Accounts. Each Sub-Account is administered and accounted for as part
of the general business of the Company, but the income, capital gains, or
capital losses of each Sub-Account are allocated to such Sub-Account, without
regard to other income, capital gains, or capital losses of the Company or the
other Sub-Accounts. Each Sub-Account invests exclusively in a corresponding
investment portfolio ("Underlying Fund") of the Allmerica Investment Trust, the
Fidelity Variable Insurance Products Fund, the Fidelity Variable Insurance
Products Fund II, T. Rowe Price International Series, Inc., the Delaware Group
Premium Fund, Inc., or the INVESCO Variable Investment Fund, Inc.
ALLMERICA INVESTMENT TRUST
Allmerica Investment Trust, formerly SMA Investment Trust (the "Trust") is an
open-end, diversified, management investment company registered with the SEC
under the 1940 Act. Such registration does not involve supervision by the SEC of
the investments or investment policy of the Trust or its separate investment
Funds.
The Trust was established as a Massachusetts business trust on October 11, 1984
for the purpose of providing a vehicle for the investment of assets of various
separate accounts established by the Company, or other
17
<PAGE>
insurance companies. Thirteen investment portfolios of the Trust ("Funds") are
available under the Certificates, each issuing a series of shares: Select
Aggressive Growth Fund, Select Capital Appreciation Fund, Select Value
Opportunity Fund, Select Emerging Markets Fund, Select Growth Fund, Select
International Equity Fund, Select Strategic Growth Fund, Growth Fund, Equity
Index Fund, Select Growth and Income Fund, Investment Grade Income Fund,
Government Bond Fund, and Money Market Fund. The assets of each Fund are held
separate from the assets of the other Funds. Each Fund operates as a separate
investment vehicle and the income or losses of one Fund generally have no effect
on the investment performance of another Fund. Shares of the Trust are not
offered to the general public but solely to such separate accounts.
AFIMS serves as investment adviser of the Trust and has entered into
sub-advisory agreements with other investment managers ("Sub-Advisers") who
manage the investments of the Funds. See INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES.
VARIABLE INSURANCE PRODUCTS FUND
Variable Insurance Products Fund ("Fidelity VIP"), managed by Fidelity
Management & Research Company ("FMR"), is an open-end, diversified, management
investment company organized as a Massachusetts business trust on November 13,
1981, and is registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act. Four of its investment
portfolios are available under the Certificates: the Fidelity VIP High Income
Portfolio, Fidelity VIP Equity-Income Portfolio, Fidelity VIP Growth Portfolio
and Fidelity VIP Overseas Portfolio.
Various Fidelity companies perform certain activities required to operate
Fidelity VIP. FMR is one of America's largest investment management
organizations, and has its principal business address at 82 Devonshire Street,
Boston, Massachusetts. It is composed of a number of different companies which
provide a variety of financial services and products. FMR is the original
Fidelity company, founded in 1946. It provides a number of mutual funds and
other clients with investment research and portfolio management services. The
Portfolios of Fidelity VIP, as part of their operating expenses, pay an
investment management fee to FMR. See "Investment Advisory Services to Fidelity
VIP and Fidelity VIP II Funds."
VARIABLE INSURANCE PRODUCTS FUND II FUND
Variable Insurance Products Fund II ("Fidelity VIP II"), managed by FMR (see
"Investment Advisory Services to Fidelity VIP and Fidelity VIP II Funds"), is an
open-end, diversified, management investment company organized as a
Massachusetts business trust on March 21, 1988 and registered with the SEC under
the 1940 Act. Two of its investment portfolios are available under the
Certificates: the Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager Portfolio and Fidelity VIP II
Index 500 Portfolio.
T. ROWE PRICE INTERNATIONAL SERIES, INC.
T. Rowe Price International Series, Inc. ("T. Rowe Price"), managed by Rowe
Price-Fleming International, Inc. ("Price-Fleming") (see "Investment Advisory
Services to T. Rowe Price"), is an open-end, diversified, management investment
company organized as a Maryland corporation in 1994 and registered with the SEC
under the 1940 Act. One of its investment portfolios is available under the
Certificates: the T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio.
DELAWARE GROUP PREMIUM FUND, INC.
Delaware Group Premium Fund, Inc. ("DGPF") is an open-end, diversified,
management investment company registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act. DGPF
was established to provide a vehicle for the investment of assets of various
separate accounts supporting variable insurance policies. One investment
portfolio is available under the Certificates: the International Equity Series
("Series"). The investment adviser for the International Equity Series is
Delaware International Advisers Ltd. ("Delaware International"). See "Investment
Advisory Services to DGPF."
18
<PAGE>
INVESCO VARIABLE INVESTMENT FUNDS, INC.
INVESCO Variable Investment Funds, Inc. ("INVESCO VIF") is an open-end,
diversified, management investment company that was organized as a Maryland
corporation on August 19, 1993, and is registered with the SEC under the 1940
Act. INVESCO Funds Group, Inc. ("INVESCO") is the investment adviser of the
Equity Income Fund and the Total Return Fund, the only Funds of INVESCO VIF that
are available under the Certificates. These two Funds are available only to
employees of INVESCO and its affiliates. See "Investment Advisory Services to
INVESCO VIF."
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
A summary of investment objectives of each of the Underlying Funds is set forth
below. The Underlying Funds are listed by general investment risk
characteristics. MORE DETAILED INFORMATION REGARDING THE INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES,
RESTRICTIONS AND RISKS, EXPENSES PAID BY THE UNDERLYING FUNDS AND OTHER RELEVANT
INFORMATION REGARDING THE UNDERLYING INVESTMENT COMPANIES MAY BE FOUND IN THEIR
RESPECTIVE PROSPECTUSES WHICH ACCOMPANY THIS PROSPECTUS AND SHOULD BE READ
CAREFULLY BEFORE INVESTING. The statements of additional information of the
Underlying Funds are available upon request. There can be no assurance that the
investment objectives of the Underlying Funds can be achieved.
SELECT AGGRESSIVE GROWTH FUND -- seeks above-average capital appreciation by
investing primarily in common stocks of companies which are believed to have
significant potential for capital appreciation.
SELECT CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND -- seeks long-term growth of capital.
Realization of income is not a significant investment consideration and any
income realized on the Fund's investments will be incidental to its primary
objective. The Fund invests primarily in common stock of industries and
companies which are believed to be experiencing favorable demand for their
products and services, and which operate in a favorable competitive environment
and regulatory climate.
SELECT VALUE OPPORTUNITY FUND -- seeks long-term growth of capital by investing
primarily in a diversified portfolio of common stocks of small and mid-size
companies, whose securities at the time of purchase are considered by the
Sub-Adviser to be undervalued.
SELECT EMERGING MARKETS FUND -- seeks long-term growth of capital by investing
in the world's emerging markets.
SELECT INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND -- seeks maximum long-term total return
(capital appreciation and income) primarily by investing in common stocks of
established non-U.S. companies.
DGPF INTERNATIONAL EQUITY SERIES -- seeks long-term growth without undue risk to
principal by investing primarily in equity securities of foreign issuers
providing the potential for capital appreciation and income.
FIDELITY VIP OVERSEAS PORTFOLIO -- seeks long-term growth of capital primarily
through investments in foreign securities and provides a means for aggressive
investors to diversify their own portfolios by participating in companies and
economies outside of the United States.
T. ROWE PRICE INTERNATIONAL STOCK PORTFOLIO -- seeks long-term growth of capital
through investments primarily in common stocks of established, non-U.S.
companies.
SELECT GROWTH FUND -- seeks to achieve long-term growth of capital by investing
in a diversified portfolio consisting primarily of common stocks selected on the
basis of their long-term growth potential.
SELECT STRATEGIC GROWTH FUND -- seeks long-term growth of capital by investing
primarily in common stocks of established companies.
19
<PAGE>
GROWTH FUND -- is invested in common stocks and securities convertible into
common stocks that are believed to represent significant underlying value in
relation to current market prices. The objective of the Growth Fund is to
achieve long-term growth of capital. Realization of current investment income,
if any, is incidental to this objective.
FIDELITY VIP GROWTH PORTFOLIO -- seeks to achieve capital appreciation. The
Portfolio normally purchases common stocks, although its investments are not
restricted to any one type of security. Capital appreciation also may be found
in other types of securities, including bonds and preferred stocks. Equity Index
Fund -- seeks to provide investment results that correspond to the aggregate
price and yield performance of a representative selection of United States
publicly traded common stocks. The Equity Index Fund seeks to achieve its
objective by attempting to replicate the aggregate price and yield performance
of the S&P 500.
FIDELITY VIP II INDEX 500 PORTFOLIO -- The Index 500 Portfolio of Fidelity VIP
II seeks investment results that correspond to the total return of a broad range
of common stocks publicly traded in the United States. To achieve this
objective, the fund attempts to duplicate the composition and total return of
the S&P 500.
EQUITY INDEX FUND -- The Equity Index Fund of the Trust seeks to provide
investment results that correspond to the aggregate price and yield performance
of a representative selection of United States publicly traded common stocks.
The Equity Index Fund seeks to achieve its objective by attempting to replicate
the aggregate price and yield performance of the Standard & Poor's Composite
Index of 500 Stocks.
FIDELITY VIP EQUITY-INCOME PORTFOLIO -- seeks reasonable income by investing
primarily in income-producing equity securities. In choosing these securities,
the Portfolio also will consider the potential for capital appreciation. The
Portfolio's goal is to achieve a yield which exceeds the composite yield on the
securities comprising the S&P 500. The Portfolio may invest in high yielding,
lower-rated fixed-income securities (commonly referred to as "junk bonds") which
are subject to greater risk than investments in higher-rated securities. See
"Risks of Lower-Rated Debt Securities" in the Fidelity VIP prospectus.
SELECT GROWTH AND INCOME FUND -- seeks a combination of long-term growth of
capital and current income. The Fund will invest primarily in dividend-paying
common stocks and securities convertible into common stocks.
FIDELITY VIP II ASSET MANAGER PORTFOLIO -- seeks high total return with reduced
risk over the long term by allocating its assets among domestic and foreign
stocks, bonds and short-term money market instruments.
FIDELITY VIP HIGH INCOME PORTFOLIO -- seeks to obtain a high level of current
income by investing primarily in high-yielding, lower-rated fixed-income
securities (commonly referred to as "junk bonds"), while also considering growth
of capital. These securities often are considered to be speculative, and involve
greater risk of default or price changes than securities assigned a high quality
rating.
INVESTMENT GRADE INCOME FUND -- is invested in a diversified portfolio of fixed
income securities with the objective of seeking as high a level of total return
(including both income and capital appreciation) as is consistent with prudent
investment management.
GOVERNMENT BOND FUND -- has the investment objectives of seeking high income,
preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity, primarily through
investments in debt instruments issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or
its agencies or instrumentalities, and in related options, futures and
repurchase agreements.
MONEY MARKET FUND -- is invested in a diversified portfolio of high-quality,
short-term money market instruments with the objective of obtaining maximum
current income consistent with the preservation of capital and liquidity.
20
<PAGE>
THE FOLLOWING FUNDS OF INVESCO VARIABLE INVESTMENT FUNDS, INC. ARE AVAILABLE
ONLY TO EMPLOYEES OF INVESCO AND ITS AFFILIATES:
INVESCO VIF EQUITY INCOME FUND -- seeks the best possible current income while
following sound investment practices. Capital growth potential is an additional
but secondary consideration in the selection of portfolio securities. The Fund
seeks to achieve its objective by investing in securities which will provide a
relatively high yield and stable return and which, over a period of years, may
also provide capital appreciation.
INVESCO VIF TOTAL RETURN FUND -- seeks a high total return on investment through
capital appreciation and current income by investing in a combination of equity
securities (consisting of common stocks and, to a lesser degree, securities
convertible into common stock) and fixed income securities.
CERTAIN UNDERLYING FUNDS HAVE INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND/OR POLICIES SIMILAR TO
THOSE OF CERTAIN OTHER UNDERLYING FUNDS. THEREFORE, TO CHOOSE THE SUB-ACCOUNTS
WHICH WILL BEST MEET YOUR NEEDS AND OBJECTIVES, CAREFULLY READ THE PROSPECTUSES
OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS ALONG WITH THIS PROSPECTUS. IN SOME STATES, INSURANCE
REGULATIONS MAY RESTRICT THE AVAILABILITY OF PARTICULAR SUB-ACCOUNTS.
If required in your state, in the event of a material change in the investment
policy of a Sub-Account or the Underlying Fund in which it invests, you will be
notified of the change. If you have Certificate Value in that Sub-Account, the
Company will transfer it without charge on written request by you to another
Sub-Account or to the General Account. The Company must receive your Written
Request within sixty (60) days of the later of (1) the effective date of such
change in the investment policy, or (2) the receipt of the notice of your right
to transfer. You may then change your premium and deduction allocation
percentages.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES TO THE TRUST
The overall responsibility for the supervision of the affairs of the Trust vests
in the Trustees. The Trust has entered into a Management Agreement with
Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services, Inc. ("AFIMS"), an indirect
wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to handle the day-to-day affairs of the
Trust. AFIMS, subject to review by the Trustees, is responsible for the general
management of the Funds. AFIMS also performs certain administrative and
management services for the Trust, furnishes to the Trust all necessary office
space, facilities, and equipment, and pays the compensation, if any, of officers
and Trustees who are affiliated with AFIMS.
Other than the expenses specifically assumed by AFIMS under the Management
Agreement, all expenses incurred in the operation of the Trust are borne by it,
including fees and expenses associated with the registration and qualification
of the Trust's shares under the Securities Act of 1933 ("1933 Act"), other fees
payable to the SEC, independent public accountant, legal and custodian fees,
association membership dues, taxes, interest, insurance premiums, brokerage
commissions, fees and expenses of the Trustees who are not affiliated with
AFIMS, expenses for proxies, prospectuses, and reports to shareholders, and
other expenses.
Pursuant to the Management Agreement with the Trust, AFIMS has entered into
agreements ("Sub-Adviser Agreements") with other investment advisers
("Sub-Advisers") under which each Sub-Adviser manages the investments of one or
more of the Funds. Under the Sub-Adviser Agreement, the Sub-Adviser is
authorized to engage in portfolio transactions on behalf of the applicable Fund,
subject to such general or specific instructions as may be given by the
Trustees.
21
<PAGE>
For providing its services under the Management Agreement, AFIMS will receive a
fee, computed daily at an annual rate based on the average daily net asset value
of each Fund as follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Select Aggressive Growth Fund First $100 million 1.00%
Next $150 million 0.90%
Over $250 million 0.85%
Select Capital Appreciation First $100 million
Fund 1.00%
Next $150 million 0.90%
Over $250 million 0.85%
Select Value Opportunity Fund First $100 million 1.00%
Next $150 million 0.85%
Next $250 million 0.80%
Next $250 million 0.75%
Over $750 million 0.70%
Select Emerging Markets Fund * 1.35%
Select International Equity First $100 million
Fund 1.00%
Next $150 million 0.90%
Over $250 million 0.85%
Select Growth Fund First $250 million 0.85%
Next $250 million 0.80%
Next $250 million 0.75%
Over $750 million 0.70%
Select Strategic Growth Fund * 0.85%
Growth Fund First $250 million 0.60%
Next $250 million 0.40%
Over $500 million 0.35%
Equity Index Fund First $50 million 0.35%
Next $200 million 0.30%
Over $250 million 0.25%
Select Growth and Income Fund First $100 million 0.75%
Next $150 million 0.70%
Over $250 million 0.65%
Investment Grade Income Fund First $50 million 0.50%
Next $50 million 0.45%
Over $100 million 0.40%
Government Bond Fund * 0.50%
Money Market Fund First $50 million 0.35%
Next $200 million 0.25%
Over $250 million 0.20%
</TABLE>
* For the Select Emerging Markets Fund, the Select Strategic Growth Fund, and
the Government Bond Fund, the investment management fee does not vary according
to the level of assets in the Fund.
AFIMS' fee computed for each Fund will be paid from the assets of such Fund.
AFIMS is solely responsible for the payment of all fees for investment
management services to the Sub-Advisers.
22
<PAGE>
The prospectus of the Trust contains additional information concerning the
Funds, including information concerning additional expenses paid by the Funds
and paid to the Sub-Advisers, and should be read in conjunction with this
Prospectus.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES TO FIDELITY VIP AND FIDELITY VIP II FUNDS
For managing investments and business affairs, each Portfolio pays a monthly
management fee to FMR. The prospectuses of Fidelity VIP and Fidelity VIP II
contain additional information concerning the Portfolios, including information
concerning additional expenses paid by the Portfolios, and should be read in
conjunction with this Prospectus.
The fee for each fund is calculated by adding a group fee rate to an individual
fund fee rate, multiplying the result by the fund's monthly average net assets,
and dividing by twelve.
The Fidelity VIP High Income Portfolio's fee rate is made up of the sum of two
components:
1. A group fee rate based on the monthly average net assets of all the mutual
funds advised by FMR. On an annual basis, this rate cannot rise above 0.37%,
and drops as total assets under management increase.
2. An individual fund fee rate of 0.45% for the Fidelity VIP High Income
Portfolio's average net assets throughout the month.
The Fidelity VIP Equity-Income, Fidelity VIP Growth, Fidelity VIP Overseas,
Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager Portfolios' fee rates are each made of two
components:
1. A group fee rate based on the average net assets of all the mutual funds
advised by FMR. On an annual basis, this rate cannot rise above 0.52%, and
drops as total assets under management increase.
2. An individual Fund fee rate of 0.20% for the Fidelity VIP Equity-Income
Portfolio, 0.30% for the Fidelity VIP Growth Portfolio, 0.45% for the
Fidelity VIP Overseas Portfolio 0.25% for the Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager
Portfolio.
Thus, the Fidelity VIP High Income Portfolio may have a fee of as high as 0.82%
of its average net assets. The Fidelity VIP Equity-Income Portfolio may have a
fee of as high as 0.72% of its average net assets. The Fidelity VIP Growth
Portfolio may have a fee of as high as 0.82% of its average net assets. The
Fidelity VIP Overseas Portfolio may have a fee of as high as 0.97% of its
average net assets. The Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager Portfolio may have a fee
of as high as 0.77% of its average net assets. The actual fee rate may be less
depending on the total assets in the funds advised by FMR. The management and
sub-advisory fees for Index 500 Portfolio are calculated and paid every month to
FMR and Bankers Trust Company ("BT"), respectively. Index 500 Portfolio pays the
fees at the annual rate of 0.24% of its average net assets. These fees include a
management fee of 0.24% payable to FMR and an estimated sub-advisory fee of less
than 0.01% payable to BT (representing 40% of net income from securities
lending).
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES TO T. ROWE PRICE
The Investment Adviser for the T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio is
Rowe Price-Fleming International, Inc. ("Price-Fleming"). Price-Fleming, founded
in 1979 as a joint venture between T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. and Robert
Fleming Holdings, Limited, is one of the largest no-load international mutual
fund asset managers with approximately $32 billion (as of December 31, 1998)
under management in its offices in Baltimore, London, Tokyo, Hong Kong,
Singapore and Buenos Aires. To cover investment management and operating
expenses, the T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio pays Price-Fleming a
single, all-inclusive fee of 1.05% of its average daily net assets.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES TO DGPF
Each Series of DGPF pays an investment adviser an annual fee for managing the
portfolios and making the investment decisions for the Series. The investment
adviser for the International Equity Series is Delaware International Advisers
Ltd. ("Delaware International"). The annual fee paid by the International Equity
Series to Delaware International is based on the average daily net assets of the
Series as follows: 0.85% on the
23
<PAGE>
first $500 million, 0.80% on the next $500 million, 0.75% on the next $1,500
million and 0.70% on net assets in excess of $2,500 million.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES TO INVESCO VIF
INVESCO Funds Group, Inc. ("INVESCO") is the investment adviser for INVESCO VIF,
and is primarily responsible for providing various investment management
administration services and supervising daily business affairs. The Equity
Income Fund and the Total Return Fund each pay INVESCO a monthly fee equal to
0.75% annually of the first $500 million of the Fund's average daily net assets;
0.65% of the next $500 million of the Fund's average net assets and 0.55% of the
Fund's average net assets in excess of $1 billion. The prospectus of INVESCO VIF
contains additional information concerning other expenses paid by the Funds.
ADDITION, DELETION OR SUBSTITUTION OF INVESTMENTS
The Company reserves the right, subject to applicable law, to make additions to,
deletions from, or substitutions for the shares that are held in the
Sub-Accounts or that the Sub-Accounts may purchase. If the shares of any
Underlying Fund are no longer available for investment or if, in the Company's
judgment, further investment in any Underlying Fund should become inappropriate
in view of the purposes of the Separate Account or the affected Sub-Account, the
Company may redeem the shares of that Underlying Fund and substitute shares of
another registered open-end management company. The Company will not substitute
any shares attributable to a Certificate interest in a Sub-Account without
notice to the Certificate Owner and prior approval of the SEC and state
insurance authorities, to the extent required by the 1940 Act or other
applicable law. The Separate Account may, to the extent permitted by law,
purchase other securities for other certificates or permit a conversion between
certificates upon request by a Certificate Owner.
The Company also reserves the right to establish additional Sub-Accounts of the
Separate Account, each of which would invest in shares corresponding to a new
Underlying Fund, or in shares of another investment company having a specified
investment objective. Subject to applicable law and any required SEC approval,
the Company may, in its sole discretion, establish new Sub-Accounts or eliminate
one or more Sub-Accounts if marketing needs, tax considerations or investment
conditions warrant. Any new Sub-Accounts may be made available to existing
Certificate Owners on a basis to be determined by the Company.
Shares of the Funds of the Trust are also issued to separate accounts of the
Company and its affiliates which issue variable annuity contracts ("mixed
funding"). Shares of the Portfolios of Fidelity VIP and Fidelity VIP II, the
Portfolio of T. Rowe Price, the Series of DGPF, and the Funds of INVESCO VIF are
also issued to variable annuity and variable life separate accounts of other
unaffiliated insurance companies ("mixed and shared funding"). It is conceivable
that in the future such mixed funding or shared funding may be disadvantageous
for variable life contract owners or variable annuity contract owners. Although
the Company and the Underlying Investment Companies do not currently foresee any
such disadvantages to either variable life insurance contract owners or variable
annuity contract owners, the Company and the respective Trustees intend to
monitor events in order to identify any material conflicts between such contract
owners and to determine what action, if any, should be taken in response
thereto. If the Trustees were to conclude that separate funds should be
established for variable life and variable annuity separate accounts, the
Company will bear the attendant expenses.
If any of these substitutions or changes are made, the Company may, by
appropriate endorsement, change the Certificate to reflect the substitution or
change and will notify Certificate Owners of all such changes. If the Company
deems it to be in the best interest of Certificate Owners, and subject to any
approvals that may be required under applicable law, the Separate Account or any
Sub-Accounts may be operated as a management company under the 1940 Act, may be
deregistered under the 1940 Act if registration is no longer required, or may be
combined with other Sub-Accounts or other separate accounts of the Company.
24
<PAGE>
VOTING RIGHTS
To the extent required by law, the Company will vote Underlying Fund shares held
by each Sub-Account in accordance with instructions received from Certificate
Owners with Certificate Value in such Sub-Account. If the 1940 Act or any rules
thereunder should be amended, or if the present interpretation of the 1940 Act
or such rules should change, and as a result the Company determines that it is
permitted to vote shares in its own right, whether or not such shares are
attributable to the Certificates, the Company reserves the right to do so.
Each person having a voting interest will be provided with proxy materials of
the respective Underlying Fund, together with an appropriate form with which to
give voting instructions to the Company. Shares held in each Sub-Account for
which no timely instructions are received will be voted in proportion to the
instructions received from all persons with an interest in such Sub-Account
furnishing instructions to the Company. The Company will also vote shares held
in the Separate Account that it owns and which are not attributable to
Certificates in the same proportion.
The number of votes which a Certificate Owner has the right to instruct will be
determined by the Company as of the record date established for the Underlying
Fund. This number is determined by dividing each Certificate Owner's Certificate
Value in the Sub-Account, if any, by the net asset value of one share in the
corresponding Underlying Fund in which the assets of the Sub-Account are
invested.
We may, when required by state insurance regulatory authorities, disregard
voting instructions if the instructions require that the Fund shares be voted so
as (1) to cause a change in the subclassification or investment objective of one
or more of the Underlying Funds, or (2) to approve or disapprove an investment
advisory contract for the Funds. In addition, we may disregard voting
instructions that are in favor of any change in the investment policies or in
any investment adviser or principal underwriter if the change has been initiated
by Certificate Owners or the Trustees. Our disapproval of any such change must
be reasonable and, in the case of a change in investment policies or investment
adviser, based on a good faith determination that such change would be contrary
to state law or otherwise is inappropriate in light of the objectives and
purposes of the Funds. In the event we do disregard voting instructions, a
summary of and the reasons for that action will be included in the next periodic
report to Certificate Owners.
THE CERTIFICATE
ENROLLMENT FORM FOR A CERTIFICATE
Upon receipt at its Principal Office of a completed enrollment form from a
prospective Certificate Owner, the Company will follow certain insurance
underwriting procedures designed to determine whether the proposed Insured is
insurable. This process may involve such verification procedures as medical
examinations and may require that further information be provided by the
proposed Certificate Owner before a determination of insurability can be made. A
Certificate cannot be issued until this underwriting procedure has been
completed. The Company reserves the right to reject an enrollment form which
does not meet the Company's underwriting guidelines, but in underwriting
insurance, the Company shall comply with all applicable federal and state
prohibitions concerning unfair discrimination.
At the time of enrollment, the proposed insured will complete an enrollment
form, which lists the proposed amount of insurance and indicates how much of
that insurance is considered eligible for simplified underwriting. If the
eligibility questions on the enrollment form are answered "No," the Company will
provide immediate coverage equal to the simplified underwriting amount. If the
proposed insured is in a standard premium class, any insurance in excess of the
simplified underwriting amount will begin on the date the enrollment form and
medical examinations, if any, are completed. If the proposed insured cannot
answer the eligibility questions "No," and if the proposed insured is not a
standard risk, insurance coverage will begin only after the Company (1) approves
the enrollment form, (2) the Certificate is delivered and accepted, and (3) the
first premium is paid.
25
<PAGE>
Pending completion of insurance underwriting and Certificate issuance
procedures, any initial premiums will be held in the General Account. If the
enrollment form is approved and the Certificate is issued and accepted, the
initial premium held in the General Account will be credited with interest not
later than the date of receipt of the premium at the Principal Office. IF THE
CERTIFICATE IS NOT ISSUED, THE PREMIUMS WILL BE RETURNED TO YOU WITHOUT
INTEREST.
FREE-LOOK PERIOD
The Certificate provides for an initial Free-Look Period. You may cancel the
Certificate by mailing or delivering it to the Principal Office or to an agent
of the Company on or before the latest of (a) 45 days after the enrollment form
for the Certificate is signed, (b) 10 days (20 or 30 days if required in your
state) after you receive the Certificate, or (c) 10 days after the Company mails
or personally delivers a Notice of Withdrawal Rights to you.
When you return the Certificate, the Company will mail a refund to you within
seven days. The refund of any premium paid by check may be delayed until the
check has cleared your bank. If the Certificate provides for a full refund of
the initial premium under its "Right-to-Examine Certificate" provision as
required in your state, of if the Policy was issued in New York as a
replacement, your refund will be the greater of (a) your entire premium, or (b)
the Certificate Value plus deductions under the Certificate or by the Underlying
Funds for taxes, charges or fees. If the Certificate does not provide for a full
refund of the initial premium, you will receive the Certificate Value in the
Separate Account, plus premiums paid, (including fees and charges), minus the
amounts allocated to the Separate Account, plus the fees and charges imposed on
amounts in the Separate Account.
After an increase in the Face Amount, a right to cancel the increase also
applies. The Company will mail or personally deliver a notice of a "Free Look"
with respect to the increase. You will have the right to cancel the increase
before the latest of (a) 45 days after the enrollment form for the increase is
signed, (b) 10 days after you receive the new specifications pages issued for
the increase, (c) 10 days (20 or 30 days if required in your state) after the
Company mails or delivers a Notice of Withdrawal Rights to you, or (d) 60 days
after you receive the Policy, if the Policy was purchased in New York as a
replacement for an existing policy. Upon canceling the increase, you will
receive a credit to the Certificate Value of charges which would not have been
deducted but for the increase. The amount to be credited will be refunded if you
so request. The Company will also waive any surrender charge calculated for the
increase.
CONVERSION PRIVILEGES
Once during the first 24 months after the Date of Issue or after the effective
date of an increase in Face Amount, while the Certificate is in force, you may
convert your Certificate without Evidence of Insurability to a flexible premium
adjustable life insurance policy with fixed and guaranteed minimum benefits.
Assuming that there have been no increases in the initial Face Amount, you can
accomplish this within 24 months after the Date of Issue by transferring,
without charge, the Certificate Value in the Separate Account to the General
Account and by simultaneously changing your premium allocation instructions to
allocate future premium payments to the General Account. Within 24 months after
the effective date of each increase, you can transfer, without charge, all or
part of the Certificate Value in the Separate Account to the General Account and
simultaneously change your premium allocation instructions to allocate all or
part of future premium payments to the General Account.
Where required by state law, and at your request, the Company will issue a
flexible premium adjustable life insurance policy to you. The new policy will
have the same face amount, issue age, date of issue, and risk classification as
the original Certificate.
26
<PAGE>
PREMIUM PAYMENTS
Premium payments are payable to the Company, and may be mailed to the Principal
Office or paid through an authorized agent of the Company. All premium payments
after the initial premium payment are credited to the Separate Account or
General Account as of date of receipt at the Principal Office.
You may establish a schedule of planned premiums which will be billed by the
Company at regular intervals. Failure to pay planned premiums, however, will not
itself cause the Certificate to lapse. You may also make unscheduled premium
payments at any time prior to the Final Premium Payment Date or skip planned
premium payments, subject to the maximum and minimum premium limitations
described below. Therefore, unlike conventional insurance policies, a
Certificate does not obligate you to pay premiums in accordance with a rigid and
inflexible premium schedule.
You may also elect to pay premiums by means of a monthly automatic payment
("MAP") procedure. Under a MAP procedure, amounts will be deducted from your
checking account each month, generally on the Monthly Processing Date, and
applied as a premium under the Certificate. The minimum payment permitted under
MAP is $50.
Premiums are not limited as to frequency and number. However, no premium payment
may be less than $100 without the Company's consent. Moreover, premium payments
must be sufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction plus loan interest
accrued, or the Certificate may lapse. See CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND
REINSTATEMENT.
In no event may the total of all premiums paid exceed the current maximum
premium limitations set forth in the Certificate, if required by federal tax
laws. These maximum premium limitations will change whenever there is any change
in the Face Amount, the addition or deletion of a rider, or a change in the
Death Benefit Option. If a premium is paid which would result in total premiums
exceeding the current maximum premium limitations, the Company will only accept
that portion of the premiums which shall make total premiums equal the maximum.
Any part of the premiums in excess of that amount will be returned and no
further premiums will be accepted until allowed by the current maximum premium
limitation prescribed by Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") rules. Notwithstanding
the current maximum premium limitations, however, the Company will accept a
premium which is needed in order to prevent a lapse of the Certificate during a
Certificate year. See CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT.
ALLOCATION OF NET PREMIUMS
The Net Premium equals the premium paid less any premium expense charge. In the
enrollment form for the Certificate, you indicate the initial allocation of Net
Premiums among the General Account and the Sub-Accounts of the Separate Account.
You may allocate premiums to one or more Sub-Accounts, but may not have
Certificate Value in more than twenty Sub-Accounts at any one time. The minimum
amount which may be allocated to a Sub-Account is 1% of Net Premium paid.
Allocation percentages must be in whole numbers (for example, 33 1/3% may not be
chosen) and must total 100%.
You may change the allocation of future Net Premiums at any time pursuant to
written or telephone request. If allocation changes by telephone are elected by
the Certificate Owner, a properly completed authorization form must be on file
before telephone requests will be honored. The policy of the Company and its
agents and affiliates is that they will not be responsible for losses resulting
from acting upon telephone requests reasonably believed to be genuine. The
Company will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions
communicated by telephone are genuine; otherwise, the Company may be liable for
any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. The procedures the
Company follows for transactions initiated by telephone may include requirements
that callers on behalf of a Certificate Owner identify themselves by name and
identify the Certificate Owner by name, date of birth, or social security
number. All transfer instructions by telephone are tape recorded.
27
<PAGE>
An allocation change will be effective as of the date of receipt of the notice
at the Principal Office. No charge is currently imposed for changing premium
allocation instructions. The Company reserves the right to impose such a charge
in the future, but guarantees that the charge will not exceed $25.
The Certificate Value in the Sub-Accounts will vary with their investment
experience; you bear this investment risk. The investment performance may affect
the Death Proceeds as well. Certificate Owners should periodically review their
allocations of premiums and Certificate Value in light of market conditions and
overall financial planning requirements.
TRANSFER PRIVILEGE
Subject to the Company's then current rules, you may at any time transfer the
Certificate Value among the Sub-Accounts or between a Sub-Account and the
General Account. However, the Certificate Value held in the General Account to
secure a Certificate loan may not be transferred.
All requests for transfers must be made to the Principal Office. The amount
transferred will be based on the Certificate Value in the Accounts next computed
after receipt of the transfer order. The Company will make transfers pursuant to
written or telephone requests. As discussed in THE CERTIFICATE -- "Allocation of
Net Premiums," a properly completed authorization form must be on file at the
Principal Office before telephone requests will be honored.
Transfers to and from the General Account are currently permitted only if:
(a) There has been at least a ninety (90) day period since the last transfer
from the General Account; and
(b) The amount transferred from the General Account in each transfer does not
exceed the lesser of $100,000 or 25% of the Accumulated Value under the
Certificate.
These rules are subject to change by the Company.
DOLLAR COST AVERAGING AND AUTOMATIC REBALANCING OPTIONS
You may have automatic transfers of at least $100 each made on a periodic basis
(a) from the Sub-Accounts which invest in the Money Market Fund and Government
Bond Fund of the Trust to one or more of the other Sub-Accounts ("Dollar Cost
Averaging Option"), or (b) to automatically reallocate Certificate Value among
the Sub-Accounts ("Automatic Rebalancing Option"). Automatic transfers may be
made on a monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual schedule.
Generally, all transfers will be processed on the 15th of each scheduled month.
However, if the 15th is not a business day or is the Monthly Processing Date,
the automatic transfer will be processed on the next business day. The Dollar
Cost Averaging Option and the Automatic Rebalancing Option may not be in effect
at the same time.
TRANSFER PRIVILEGE SUBJECT TO POSSIBLE LIMITATIONS
The transfer privilege is subject to the consent of the Company. The Company
reserves the right to impose limitations on transfers including, but not limited
to: (1) the minimum amount that may be transferred, (2) the minimum amount that
may remain in a Sub-Account following a transfer from that Sub-Account, (3) the
minimum period of time between transfers involving the General Account, and (4)
the maximum amount that may be transferred each time from the General Account.
The first twelve transfers in a Certificate year will be free of any charge.
Thereafter, a $10 transfer charge will be deducted from the amount transferred
for each transfer in that Certificate year. The Company may increase or decrease
this charge, but it is guaranteed never to exceed $25. The first automatic
transfer counts as one transfer towards the twelve free transfers allowed in
each Certificate year; each subsequent automatic transfer is without charge and
does not reduce the remaining number of transfers which may be made free of
charge. Any transfers made with respect to a conversion privilege, Certificate
loan or material change in investment policy will not count towards the twelve
free transfers.
28
<PAGE>
ELECTION OF DEATH BENEFIT OPTIONS
Federal tax law requires a minimum death benefit in relation to cash value for a
Certificate to qualify as life insurance. Under current federal tax law, either
the Guideline Premium test or the Cash Value Accumulation test can be used to
determine if the Certificate complies with the definition of "life insurance" in
Section 7702 of the Code. At the time of application, the Employer may elect
either of the tests.
The Guideline Premium test limits the amount of premiums payable under a
Certificate to a certain amount for an insured of a particular age and sex.
Under the Guideline Premium test, the Certificate Owner may choose between Death
Benefit Option 1 and Option 2, as described below. After issuance of the
Certificate, the Certificate Owner may change the selection from Option 1 to
Option 2 or vice versa. The Cash Value Accumulation test requires that the Death
Benefit must be sufficient so that the cash Surrender Value, as defined in
Section 7702, does not at any time exceed the net single premium required to
fund the future benefits under the Certificate. In the event the maximum premium
limit applies, we reserve the right to obtain evidence of insurability which is
satisfactory to us as a condition to accepting excess premium. If the Cash Value
Accumulation test is chosen by the employer, ONLY Death Benefit Option 3 will
apply. Death Benefits Option 1 and Option 2 are NOT available under the Cash
Value Accumulation test.
GUIDELINE PREMIUM TEST AND CASH VALUE ACCUMULATION TEST
There are two main differences between the Guideline Premium test and the Cash
Value Accumulation test. First, the Guideline Premium test limits the amount of
premium that may be paid into a Certificate, while no such limits apply under
the Cash Value Accumulation test. Second, the factors that determine the minimum
Death Benefit relative to the Certificate Value are different. Required
increases in the minimum Death Benefit due to growth in Certificate Value will
generally be greater under the Cash Value Accumulation test than under the
Guideline Premium test. APPLICANTS FOR A CERTIFICATE SHOULD CONSULT A QUALIFIED
TAX ADVISER IN CHOOSING A DEATH BENEFIT ELECTION.
OPTION 1 -- LEVEL DEATH BENEFIT
Under Option 1, the Death Benefit is equal to the greater of the Face Amount or
the Minimum Death Benefit, as set forth in the table below. Under Option 1, the
Death Benefit will remain level unless the Minimum Death Benefit is greater than
the Face Amount, in which case the Death Benefit will vary as the Certificate
Value varies. Option 1 will offer the best opportunity for the Certificate Value
under a Certificate to increase without increasing the Death Benefit as quickly
as it might under the other options. The Death Benefit will never go below the
Face Amount.
OPTION 2 -- ADJUSTABLE DEATH BENEFIT
Under Option 2, the Death Benefit is equal to the greater of the Face Amount
plus the Certificate Value or the Minimum Death Benefit, as set forth in the
table below. The Death Benefit will, therefore, vary as the Certificate Value
changes, but will never be less than the Face Amount. Option 2 will offer the
best opportunity for the Certificate Owner who would like to have an increasing
Death Benefit as early as possible. The Death Benefit will increase whenever
there is an increase in the Certificate Value, and will decrease whenever there
is a decrease in the Certificate Value, but will never go below the Face Amount.
OPTION 3 -- LEVEL DEATH BENEFIT WITH CASH VALUE ACCUMULATION TEST
Under Option 3, the Death Benefit will equal the Face Amount, unless the
Certificate Value, multiplied by the applicable Option 3 Death Benefit Factor,
results in a higher Death Benefit. A complete list of Option 3 Death Benefit
Factors is set forth in the Certificate. The applicable Death Benefit Factor
depends upon the sex, risk classification, and then-attained age of the Insured.
The Death Benefit Factor decreases slightly from year to year as the attained
age of the Insured increases. Option 3 will offer the best opportunity for the
Certificate Owner who is looking for an increasing death benefit in later
Certificate years and/or would like to fund the Certificate at the "seven-pay"
limit for the full seven years. When the Certificate Value multiplied by the
applicable Death Benefit Factor exceeds the Face Amount, the Death Benefit will
increase whenever there is
29
<PAGE>
an increase in the Certificate Value, and will decrease whenever there is a
decrease in the Certificate Value, but will never go below the Face Amount.
OPTION 3 MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN ALL STATES.
DEATH PROCEEDS
As long as the Certificate remains in force (see CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND
REINSTATEMENT), the Company will, upon due proof of the Insured's death, pay the
Death Proceeds of the Certificate to the named Beneficiary. The Company will
normally pay the Death Proceeds within seven days of receiving due proof of the
Insured's death, but the Company may delay payments under certain circumstances.
See OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS -- "Postponement of Payments." The Death
Proceeds may be received by the Beneficiary in a lump sum or under one or more
of the payment options the Company offers. See APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT OPTIONS.
The Death Proceeds payable depend on the current Face Amount and the Death
Benefit Option that is in effect on the date of death. Prior to the Final
Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds are: (a) the Death Benefit provided
under Option 1, Option 2, or Option 3, whichever is in effect on the date of
death; plus (b) any additional insurance on the Insured's life that is provided
by rider; minus (c) any outstanding Debt, any partial withdrawals and partial
withdrawal charges, and any Monthly Deductions due and unpaid through the
Certificate month in which the Insured dies. After the Final Premium Payment
Date, the Death Proceeds equal the Surrender Value of the Certificate. The
amount of Death Proceeds payable will be determined as of the date of the
Company's receipt of due proof of the Insured's death.
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT DEATH BENEFIT OPTIONS 1 AND 2
If the Guideline Premium Test is chosen by the Employer, the Certificate Owner
may choose between Death Benefit Option 1 or Option 2. The Certificate Owner may
designate the desired Death Benefit Option in the enrollment form, and may
change the option once per Certificate year by Written Request. There is no
charge for a change in option.
MINIMUM DEATH BENEFIT UNDER OPTION 1 AND OPTION 2
The Minimum Death Benefit under Option 1 or Option 2 is equal to a percentage of
the Certificate Value as set forth below. The Minimum Death Benefit is
determined in accordance with the Code regulations to ensure that the
Certificate qualifies as a life insurance contract and that the insurance
proceeds may be excluded from the gross income of the Beneficiary.
MINIMUM DEATH BENEFIT TABLE
(Option 1 and Option 2)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Age of Insured Percentage of
on Date of Death Certificate Value
- ---------------------------------------------------------- -------------------
<S> <C>
40 and under.......................................... 250%
45.................................................... 215%
50.................................................... 185%
55.................................................... 150%
60.................................................... 130%
65.................................................... 120%
70.................................................... 115%
75.................................................... 105%
80.................................................... 105%
85.................................................... 105%
90.................................................... 105%
95 and above.......................................... 100%
</TABLE>
For the Ages not listed, the progression between the listed Ages is linear.
30
<PAGE>
For any Face Amount, the amount of the Death Benefit and thus the Death Proceeds
will be greater under Option 2 than under Option 1, since the Certificate Value
is added to the specified Face Amount and included in the Death Proceeds only
under Option 2. However, the cost of insurance included in the Monthly Deduction
will be greater, and thus the rate at which Certificate Value will accumulate
will be slower, under Option 2 than under Option 1. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- -- "Monthly Deduction from Certificate Value."
If you desire to have premium payments and investment performance reflected in
the amount of the Death Benefit, you should choose Option 2. If you desire
premium payments and investment performance reflected to the maximum extent in
the Certificate Value, you should select Option 1.
ILLUSTRATION OF OPTION 1
For purposes of this illustration, assume that the Insured is under the Age of
40, and that there is no outstanding Debt. Under Option 1, a Certificate with a
$50,000 Face Amount will generally have a Death Benefit equal to $50,000.
However, because the Death Benefit must be equal to or greater than 250% of
Certificate Value, if at any time the Certificate Value exceeds $20,000, the
Death Benefit will exceed the $50,000 Face Amount. In this example, each
additional dollar of Certificate Value above $20,000 will increase the Death
Benefit by $2.50. For example, a Certificate with a Certificate Value of $35,000
will have a Minimum Death Benefit of $87,500 ($35,000 X 2.50); Certificate Value
of $40,000 will produce a Minimum Death Benefit of $100,000 ($40,000 X 2.50);
and Certificate Value of $50,000 will produce a Minimum Death Benefit of
$125,000 ($50,000 X 2.50).
Similarly, if Certificate Value exceeds $20,000, each dollar taken out of
Certificate Value will reduce the Death Benefit by $2.50. If, for example, the
Certificate Value is reduced from $25,000 to $20,000 because of partial
withdrawals, charges or negative investment performance, the Death Benefit will
be reduced from $62,500 to $50,000. If at any time, however, the Certificate
Value multiplied by the applicable percentage is less than the Face Amount, the
Death Benefit will equal the Face Amount of the Certificate.
The applicable percentage becomes lower as the Insured's Age increases. If the
Insured's Age in the above example were, for example, 50 (rather than between 0
and 40), the applicable percentage would be 185%. The Death Benefit would not
exceed the $50,000 Face Amount unless the Certificate Value exceeded $27,027
(rather than $20,000), and each dollar then added to or taken from Certificate
Value would change the Death Benefit by $1.85.
ILLUSTRATION OF OPTION 2
For purposes of this illustration, assume that the Insured is under the Age of
40 and that there is no outstanding Debt.
Under Option 2, a Certificate with a Face Amount of $50,000 will generally
produce a Death Benefit of $50,000 plus Certificate Value. For example, a
Certificate with Certificate Value of $5,000 will produce a Death Benefit of
$55,000 ($50,000 + $5,000); Certificate Value of $10,000 will produce a Death
Benefit of $60,000 ($50,000 + $10,000); Certificate Value of $25,000 will
produce a Death Benefit of $75,000 ($50,000 + $25,000). However, the Death
Benefit must be at least 250% of the Certificate Value. Therefore, if the
Certificate Value is greater than $33,333, 250% of that amount will be the Death
Benefit, which will be greater than the Face Amount plus Certificate Value. In
this example, each additional dollar of Certificate Value above $33,333 will
increase the Death Benefit by $2.50. For example, if the Certificate Value is
$35,000, the Minimum Death Benefit will be $87,500 ($35,000 X 2.50); Certificate
Value of $40,000 will produce a Minimum Death Benefit of $100,000 ($40,000 X
2.50); and Certificate Value of $50,000 will produce a Minimum Death Benefit of
$125,000 ($50,000 X 2.50).
Similarly, if Certificate Value exceeds $33,333, each dollar taken out of
Certificate Value will reduce the Death Benefit by $2.50. If, for example, the
Certificate Value is reduced from $45,000 to $40,000 because of partial
withdrawals, charges or negative investment performance, the Death Benefit will
be reduced from $112,500 to $100,000. If at any time, however, Certificate Value
multiplied by the applicable percentage is
31
<PAGE>
less than the Face Amount plus Certificate Value, then the Death Benefit will be
the current Face Amount plus Certificate Value.
The applicable percentage becomes lower as the Insured's Age increases. If the
Insured's Age in the above example were 50, the Death Benefit must be at least
1.85 times the Certificate Value. The amount of the Death Benefit would be the
sum of the Certificate Value plus $50,000 unless the Certificate Value exceeded
$58,824 (rather than $33,333). Each dollar added to or subtracted from the
Certificate would change the Death Benefit by $1.85.
The Death Benefit under Option 2 will always be the greater of the Face Amount
plus Certificate Value or the Certificate Value multiplied by the applicable
percentage.
CHANGE IN DEATH BENEFIT OPTION
Generally, if Death Benefit Option 1 or Option 2 is in effect, the Death Benefit
Option in effect may be changed once each Certificate year by sending a Written
Request for change to the Principal Office. The effective date of any such
change will be the Monthly Processing Date on or following the date of receipt
of the request. No charges will be imposed on changes in Death Benefit Options.
IF OPTION 3 IS IN EFFECT, YOU MAY NOT CHANGE TO EITHER OPTION 1 OR OPTION 2.
If the Death Benefit Option is changed from Option 2 to Option 1, the Face
Amount will be increased to equal the Death Benefit which would have been
payable under Option 2 on the effective date of the change (i.e., the Face
Amount immediately prior to the change plus the Certificate Value on the date of
the change). The amount of the Death Benefit will not be altered at the time of
the change. However, the change in option will affect the determination of the
Death Benefit from that point on, since the Certificate Value will no longer be
added to the Face Amount in determining the Death Benefit. The Death Benefit
will equal the new Face Amount (or, if higher, the Minimum Death Benefit). The
cost of insurance may be higher or lower than it otherwise would have been since
any increases or decreases in Certificate Value will, respectively, reduce or
increase the Insurance Amount at Risk under Option 1. Assuming a positive net
investment return with respect to any amounts in the Separate Account, changing
the Death Benefit Option from Option 2 to Option 1 will reduce the Insurance
Amount at Risk and, therefore, the cost of insurance charge for all subsequent
Monthly Deductions, compared to what such charge would have been if no such
change were made.
If the Death Benefit Option is changed from Option 1 to Option 2, the Face
Amount will be decreased to equal the Death Benefit less the Certificate Value
on the effective date of the change. This change may not be made if it would
result in a Face Amount less than $40,000. A change from Option 1 to Option 2
will not alter the amount of the Death Benefit at the time of the change, but
will affect the determination of the Death Benefit from that point on. Because
the Certificate Value will be added to the new specified Face Amount, the Death
Benefit will vary with the Certificate Value. Thus, under Option 2, the
Insurance Amount at Risk will always equal the Face Amount unless the Minimum
Death Benefit is in effect. The cost of insurance may also be higher or lower
than it otherwise would have been without the change in Death Benefit Option.
See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly Deduction from Certificate Value."
A change in Death Benefit Option may result in total premiums paid exceeding the
then current maximum premium limitation determined by Internal Revenue Service
Rules. In such event, the Company will pay the excess to the Certificate Owner.
See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Premium Payments."
CHANGE IN FACE AMOUNT
Subject to certain limitations, you may increase or decrease the specified Face
Amount of a Certificate at any time by submitting a Written Request to the
Company. Any increase or decrease in the specified Face Amount requested by you
will become effective on the Monthly Processing Date on or next following the
date of
32
<PAGE>
receipt of the request at the Principal Office or, if Evidence of Insurability
is required, the date of approval of the request.
INCREASES
Along with the Written Request for an increase, you must submit satisfactory
Evidence of Insurability. The consent of the Insured is also required whenever
the Face Amount is increased. A request for an increase in the Face Amount may
not be less than an amount determined by the Company. This amount varies by
group but in no event will this amount exceed $10,000. You may not increase the
Face Amount after the Insured reaches Age 80. An increase must be accompanied by
an additional premium if the Certificate Value is less than $50 plus an amount
equal to the sum of two Monthly Deductions. On the effective date of each
increase in the Face Amount, a transaction charge of $2.50 per $1,000 of
increase up to $40, will be deducted from the Certificate Value for
administrative costs. The effective date of the increase will be the first
Monthly Processing Date on or following the date all of the conditions for the
increase are met.
An increase in the Face Amount will generally affect the Insurance Amount at
Risk, and may affect the portion of the Insurance Amount at Risk included in
various Underwriting Classes (if more than one Underwriting Class applies), both
of which may affect the monthly cost of insurance charges. A surrender charge
will also be calculated for the increase. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly
Deduction from Certificate Value" and "Surrender Charge."
After increasing the Face Amount, you will have the right (1) during a Free-Look
Period, to have the increase cancelled and the charges which would not have been
deducted but for the increase will be credited to the Certificate, and (2)
during the first 24 months following the increase, to transfer any or all
Certificate Value to the General Account free of charge. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Free-Look Period" and "Conversion Privileges." A refund of charges which would
not have been deducted but for the increase will be made at your request.
DECREASES
The minimum amount for a decrease in the Face Amount is $10,000. By current
Company practice, the Face Amount in force after any decrease may not be less
than $50,000. If, following a decrease in the Face Amount, the Certificate would
not comply with the maximum premium limitation applicable under the IRS rules,
the decrease may be limited or Certificate Value may be returned to the
Certificate Owner (at your election) to the extent necessary to meet the
requirements. A return of Certificate Value may result in tax liability to you.
A decrease in the Face Amount will affect the total Insurance Amount at Risk and
the portion of the Insurance Amount at Risk covered by various Underwriting
Classes, both of which may affect a Certificate Owner's monthly cost of
insurance charges. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly Deduction from
Certificate Value."
For purposes of determining the cost of insurance charge, any decrease in the
Face Amount will reduce the Face Amount in the following order: (a) the Face
Amount provided by the most recent increase; (b) the next most recent increases
successively; and (c) the initial Face Amount. This order will also be used to
determine whether a surrender charge will be deducted and in what amount. If the
Face Amount is decreased while the Payor Provisions apply (see CERTIFICATE
TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT -- "Termination"), the above order may be modified
to determine the cost of insurance charge. You may then reduce or eliminate any
Face Amount for which you are paying the insurance charges, on a
last-in/first-out basis, before you reduce or eliminate amounts of insurance
which are paid by the Payor.
If you request a decrease in the Face Amount, the amount of any surrender charge
deducted will reduce the current Certificate Value. On the effective date of
each decrease in the Face Amount, a transaction charge of $2.50 per $1,000 of
decrease, up to a maximum of $40, will be deducted from the Certificate Value
for administrative costs. You may specify one Sub-Account from which the
transaction charge and, if applicable, any surrender charge will be deducted. If
you do not specify a Sub-Account, the Company will make a Pro-
33
<PAGE>
Rata Allocation. The current surrender charge will be reduced by the amount of
any surrender charge deducted. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender Charge"
and APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES.
CERTIFICATE VALUE AND SURRENDER VALUE
The Certificate Value is the total amount available for investment and is equal
to the sum of the accumulation in the General Account and the value of the Units
in the Sub-Accounts. The Certificate Value is used in determining the Surrender
Value (the Certificate Value less any Debt and any surrender charge). See THE
CERTIFICATE -- "Surrender." There is no guaranteed minimum Certificate Value.
Because Certificate Value on any date depends upon a number of variables, it
cannot be predetermined. Certificate Value and Surrender Value will reflect
frequency and amount of Net Premiums paid, interest credited to accumulations in
the General Account, the investment performance of the chosen Sub-Accounts, any
partial withdrawals, any loans, any loan repayments, any loan interest paid or
credited, and any charges assessed in connection with the Certificate.
CALCULATION OF CERTIFICATE VALUE
The Certificate Value is determined on the Date of Issue and on each Valuation
Date. On the Date of Issue, the Certificate Value will be the Net Premiums
received, plus any interest earned during the period when premiums are held in
the General Account (before being transferred to the Separate Account; see THE
CERTIFICATE -- "Enrollment Form for a Certificate") less any Monthly Deductions
due. On each Valuation Date after the Date of Issue the Certificate Value will
be:
(1) the sum of the values in each of the Sub-Accounts on the Valuation Date,
determined for each Sub-Account by multiplying the value of a Unit in that
Sub-Account on that date by the number of such Units allocated to the
Certificate; plus
(2) the value in the General Account (including any amounts transferred to the
General Account with respect to a loan).
Thus, the Certificate Value is determined by multiplying the number of Units in
each Sub-Account by their value on the particular Valuation Date, adding the
products, and adding accumulations in the General Account, if any.
THE UNIT
You allocate the Net Premiums among the Sub-Accounts. Allocations to the
Sub-Accounts are credited to the Certificate in the form of Units. Units are
credited separately for each Sub-Account.
The number of Units of each Sub-Account credited to the Certificate is equal to
the portion of the Net Premium allocated to the Sub-Account, divided by the
dollar value of the applicable Unit as of the Valuation Date the payment is
received at the Principal Office. The number of Units will remain fixed unless
changed by a subsequent split of Unit value, transfer, partial withdrawal or
surrender. In addition, if the Company is deducting the Monthly Deduction or
other charges from a Sub-Account, each such deduction will result in
cancellation of a number of Units equal in value to the amount deducted.
The dollar value of a Unit of each Sub-Account varies from Valuation Date to
Valuation Date based on the investment experience of that Sub-Account. That
experience, in turn, will reflect the investment performance, expenses and
charges of the respective Underlying Fund. The value of a Unit was set at $1.00
on the first Valuation Date for each Sub-Account. The dollar value of a Unit on
a given Valuation Date is determined by multiplying the dollar value of the
corresponding Unit as of the immediately preceding Valuation Date by the
appropriate net investment factor.
34
<PAGE>
NET INVESTMENT FACTOR
The net investment factor measures the investment performance of a Sub-Account
of the Separate Account during the Valuation Period just ended. The net
investment factor for each Sub-Account is equal to 1.0000 plus the number
arrived at by dividing (a) by (b), where
(a) is the investment income of that Sub-Account for the Valuation Period, plus
capital gains, realized or unrealized, credited during the Valuation Period;
minus capital losses, realized or unrealized, charged during the Valuation
Period; adjusted for provisions made for taxes, if any; and
(b) is the value of that Sub-Account's assets at the beginning of the Valuation
Period.
The net investment factor may be greater or less than one. Therefore, the value
of a Unit may increase or decrease. You bear the investment risk. Subject to
applicable state and federal laws, the Company reserves the right to change the
methodology used to determine the net investment factor. Allocations to the
General Account are not converted into Units, but are credited interest at a
rate periodically set by the Company. See MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE GENERAL
ACCOUNT.
PAYMENT OPTIONS
During the Insured's lifetime, you may arrange for the Death Proceeds to be paid
in a single sum or under one or more of the payment options then offered by the
Company. These payment options are also available at the Final Premium Payment
Date and if the Certificate is surrendered. If no election is made, the Company
will pay the Death Proceeds in a single sum. See APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT OPTIONS.
OPTIONAL INSURANCE BENEFITS
Subject to certain requirements, one or more of the optional insurance benefits
described in APPENDIX A -- OPTIONAL BENEFITS may be added to a Certificate by
rider. The cost of any optional insurance benefits will be deducted as part of
the Monthly Deduction. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly Deduction from
Certificate Value."
SURRENDER
You may at any time surrender the Certificate and receive its Surrender Value.
The Surrender Value is the Certificate Value, less Debt and applicable surrender
charges. The Surrender Value will be calculated as of the Valuation Date on
which a Written Request for surrender and the Certificate are received at the
Principal Office. A surrender charge may be deducted when a Certificate is
surrendered if less than 15 full Certificate years have elapsed from the Date of
Issue of the Certificate or from the effective date of any increase in the Face
Amount. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender Charge."
The proceeds on surrender may be paid in a lump sum or under one of the payment
options the Company offers. See APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT OPTIONS. The Company will
normally pay the Surrender Value within seven days following the Company's
receipt of the surrender request, but the Company may delay payment under the
circumstances described in OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS -- "Postponement of
Payments."
For important tax considerations which may result from surrender see FEDERAL TAX
CONSIDERATIONS.
PAID-UP INSURANCE OPTION
On Written Request, you may elect life insurance coverage, usually for a reduced
amount, for the life of the Insured with no further premiums due. The Paid-Up
Insurance will be the amount that the Surrender Value can purchase for a net
single premium at the Insured's Age and Underwriting Class on the date this
option is elected. If the Surrender Value exceeds the net single premium, we
will pay the excess to you. The net single
35
<PAGE>
premium is based on the Commissioners 1980 Standard Ordinary Mortality Tables,
Smoker or Non-Smoker (Table B for unisex certificates) with increases in the
tables for non-standard risks. Interest will not be less than 4.5%.
IF THE PAID-UP INSURANCE OPTION IS ELECTED, THE FOLLOWING
CERTIFICATE OWNER RIGHTS AND BENEFITS WILL BE AFFECTED:
- As described above, the Paid-Up Insurance benefit will be computed
differently from the net Death Benefit and the Death Benefit options will
not apply
- We will not allow transfers of Certificate Value from the General Account
back to the Separate Account
- You may not make further payments
- You may not increase or decrease the Face Amount or make partial
withdrawals
- Riders will continue only with our consent
You may, after electing Paid-Up Insurance, surrender the Certificate for its net
cash value. The guaranteed cash value is the net single premium for the Paid-Up
Insurance at the Insured's attained Age. The net cash value is the cash value
less any outstanding Debt. We will transfer the Certificate Value in the
Separate Account to the General Account on the date we receive Written Request
to elect the option.
On election of Paid-Up Insurance, the Certificate often will become a modified
endowment contract. If a Certificate becomes a modified endowment contract,
Certificate loans, partial withdrawals or surrender will receive unfavorable
federal tax treatment. See FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS -- "Modified Endowment
Contracts."
PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL
Any time after the first Certificate year, you may withdraw a portion of the
Surrender Value of the Certificate, subject to the limits stated below, upon
Written Request filed at the Principal Office. The Written Request must indicate
the dollar amount you wish to receive and the Accounts from which such amount is
to be withdrawn. You may allocate the amount withdrawn among the Sub-Accounts
and the General Account. If you do not provide allocation instructions, the
Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation. Each partial withdrawal must be in a
minimum amount of $500. Under Option 1 or Option 3, the Face Amount is reduced
by the amount of the partial withdrawal, and a partial withdrawal will not be
allowed if it would reduce the Face Amount below $40,000.
A partial withdrawal from a Sub-Account will result in the cancellation of the
number of Units equivalent in value to the amount withdrawn. The amount
withdrawn equals the amount requested by you plus the transaction charge and any
applicable partial withdrawal charge as described under CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- -- "Charges on Partial Withdrawal." The Company will normally pay the amount of
the partial withdrawal within seven days following the Company's receipt of the
partial withdrawal request, but the Company may delay payment under certain
circumstances described in OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS -- "Postponement of
Payments." For important tax consequences which may result from partial
withdrawals, see FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS.
36
<PAGE>
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
Charges will be deducted to compensate the Company for providing the insurance
benefits set forth in the Certificate and any additional benefits added by
rider, providing servicing, incurring distribution expenses, and assuming
certain risks in connection with the Certificates. Certain of the charges
described below may be reduced for Certificates issued in connection with a
specific group under a non-qualified benefit plan. Charges and deductions may
vary based on criteria, for example, such as the purpose for which the
Certificates are purchased, the size of the benefit plan and the expected number
of participants, the underwriting characteristics of the group, the levels and
types of administrative services provided to the benefit plan and participants,
and anticipated aggregate premium payments. From time to time the Company may
modify both the amounts and criteria for reductions, which will not be unfairly
discriminatory against any person.
PREMIUM EXPENSE CHARGE
A charge may be deducted from each premium payment for state and local premium
taxes paid by the Company. State premium taxes generally range from 0.75% to 5%,
while local premium taxes (if any) vary by jurisdiction within a state. The
Company guarantees that the charge for premium taxes will not exceed 10%. Upon
request, the Company may permit all or part of the Premium Expense Charge to be
deducted as part of the monthly deduction. The premium tax charge may change
when either the applicable jurisdiction changes or the tax rate within the
applicable jurisdiction changes. The Company should be notified of any change in
address of the Insured as soon as possible.
Additional charges are made to compensate the Company for federal taxes imposed
for deferred acquisition cost ("DAC") taxes and for distribution expenses
related to the Certificates. The DAC tax deduction may range from zero to 1% of
premiums, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued. The charge for
distribution expenses may range from zero to 5%. The distribution charge may
vary, depending upon such factors, for example, as the type of the benefit plan,
average number of participants, average Face Amount of the Certificates,
anticipated average annual premiums, and the actual distribution expenses
incurred by the Company.
MONTHLY DEDUCTION FROM CERTIFICATE VALUE
On the Date of Issue and each Monthly Processing Date thereafter prior to the
Final Premium Payment Date, certain charges ("Monthly Deduction") will be
deducted from the Certificate Value. The Monthly Deduction includes a charge for
cost of insurance, a charge for the cost of any additional benefits provided by
rider and a charge for Certificate administrative expenses that may be up to
$10, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued. The Monthly Deduction
may also include a charge for Separate Account administrative expenses and a
charge for mortality and expense risks. The Separate Account administrative
charge may continue for up to 10 Certificate years and may be up to 0.25% of
Certificate Value in each Sub-Account, depending on the group to which the
Policy was issued. The mortality and expense risk charge may be up to 0.90% of
Certificate Value in each Sub-Account. The Monthly Deduction on or following the
effective date of a requested change in the Face Amount will also include a
charge of $2.50 per $1,000 of increase or decrease, to a maximum of $40, for
administrative costs associated with the change. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Charge
for Change in Face Amount."
You may specify from which Sub-Account the cost of insurance charge, the charge
for Certificate administrative expenses, the mortality and expense risk charge,
and the charge for the cost of additional benefits provided by rider will be
deducted. If the Payor Provision is in force, all cost of insurance charges and
administrative charges will be deducted from the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account.
If no allocation is specified, the Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation.
The Separate Account administrative charge and the mortality and expense risk
charge are assessed against each Sub-Account that generates a charge. In the
event that a charge is greater than the value of the Sub-
37
<PAGE>
Account to which it relates on a Monthly Processing Date, the Company will make
a Pro-Rata Allocation of the unpaid balance.
Monthly Deductions are made on the Date of Issue and on each Monthly Processing
Date until the Final Premium Payment Date. No Monthly Deductions will be made on
or after the Final Premium Payment Date.
COST OF INSURANCE
This charge is designed to compensate the Company for the anticipated cost of
providing Death Proceeds to Beneficiaries of those Insureds who die prior to the
Final Premium Payment Date. The cost of insurance is determined on a monthly
basis, and is determined separately for the initial Face Amount and for each
subsequent increase in the Face Amount. Because the cost of insurance depends
upon a number of variables, it can vary from month to month and from group to
group.
CALCULATION OF THE CHARGE
If Death Benefit Option 2 is in effect, the monthly cost of insurance charge for
the initial Face Amount will equal the applicable cost of insurance rate
multiplied by the initial Face Amount. If Death Benefit Option 1 or Option 3 is
in effect, however, the applicable cost of insurance rate will be multiplied by
the initial Face Amount less the Certificate Value (minus charges for rider
benefits) at the beginning of the Certificate month. Thus, the cost of insurance
charge may be greater if Death Benefit Option 2 is in effect than if Death
Benefit Option 1 or Option 3 is in effect, assuming the same Face Amount in each
case and assuming that the Minimum Death Benefit is not in effect.
In other words, since the Death Benefit under Option 1 or Option 3 remains
constant while the Death Benefit under Option 2 varies with the Certificate
Value, any Certificate Value increases will reduce the insurance charge under
Option 1 or Option 3, but not under Option 2.
If Death Benefit Option 2 is in effect, the monthly insurance charge for each
increase in the Face Amount (other than an increase caused by a change in Death
Benefit Option) will be equal to the cost of insurance rate applicable to that
increase multiplied by the increase in the Face Amount. If Death Benefit Option
1 or Option 3 is in effect, the applicable cost of insurance rate will be
multiplied by the increase in the Face Amount reduced by any Certificate Value
(minus rider charges) in excess of the initial Face Amount at the beginning of
the Certificate month.
If the Minimum Death Benefit is in effect under any Option, a monthly cost of
insurance charge will also be calculated for that portion of the Death Benefit
which exceeds the current Face Amount. This charge will be calculated by:
- multiplying the cost of insurance rate applicable to the initial Face
Amount times the Minimum Death Benefit (Certificate Value times the
applicable percentage), minus
- the greater of the Face Amount or the Certificate Value under Death
Benefit Option 1 or Option 3,
OR
- the Face Amount plus the Certificate Value under Death Benefit Option
2.
When the Minimum Death Benefit is in effect, the cost of insurance charge for
the initial Face Amount and for any increases will be calculated as set forth in
the preceding two paragraphs.
The monthly cost of insurance charge will also be adjusted for any decreases in
the Face Amount. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Change in Face Amount: Decreases."
38
<PAGE>
COST OF INSURANCE RATES
This Certificate is sold to eligible individuals who are members of a
non-qualified benefit plan having a minimum, depending on the group, of five or
more members. A portion of the initial Face Amount may be issued on a guaranteed
or simplified underwriting basis. The amount of this portion will be determined
for each group, and may vary based on characteristics within the group.
The determination of the Underwriting Class for the guaranteed or simplified
issue portion will, in part, be based on the type of group; the number of
persons eligible to participate in the plan; expected percentage of eligible
persons participating in the plan; and the amount of guaranteed or simplified
underwriting insurance to be issued. Larger groups, higher participation rates
and occupations with historically favorable mortality rates will generally
result in the individuals within that group being placed in a more favorable
Underwriting Class.
Cost of insurance rates are based on a blended unisex rate table, Age and
Underwriting Class of the Insured at the Date of Issue, the effective date of an
increase or date of rider, as applicable, the amount of premiums paid less any
debt and any partial withdrawals and withdrawal charges. For those Certificates
issued on a unisex basis, sex-distinct rates do not apply. The cost of insurance
rates are determined at the beginning of each Certificate year for the initial
Face Amount. The cost of insurance rates for an increase in the Face Amount or
rider are determined annually on the anniversary of the effective date of each
increase or rider. The cost of insurance rates generally increase as the
Insured's Age increases. The actual monthly cost of insurance rates will be
based on the Company's expectations as to future mortality experience. They will
not, however, be greater than the guaranteed cost of insurance rates set forth
in the Certificate. These guaranteed rates are based on the 1980 Commissioners
Standard Ordinary Mortality Tables (Mortality Table B, Smoker, Non-smoker or
Uni-smoker, for unisex Certificates) and the Insured's Age. The tables used for
this purpose may set forth different mortality estimates for smokers and
non-smokers. Any change in the cost of insurance rates will apply to all persons
of the same insuring Age and Underwriting Class whose Certificates have been in
force for the same length of time.
The Underwriting Class of an Insured will affect the cost of insurance rates.
The Company currently places Insureds into preferred Underwriting Classes,
standard Underwriting Classes and substandard Underwriting Classes. In an
otherwise identical Certificate, an Insured in the preferred Underwriting Class
will have a lower cost of insurance than an Insured in a standard Underwriting
Class who, in turn, will have a lower cost of insurance than an Insured in a
substandard Underwriting Class with a higher mortality risk. The Underwriting
Classes may be divided into two categories or aggregated: smokers and
non-smokers. Non-smoking Insureds will incur lower cost of insurance rates than
Insureds who are classified as smokers but who are otherwise in the same
Underwriting Class. Any Insured with an Age at issuance under 18 will be
classified initially as regular, unless substandard. The Insured then will be
classified as a smoker at Age 18 unless the Insured provides satisfactory
evidence that the Insured is a non-smoker. The Company will provide notice to
you of the opportunity for the Insured to be classified as a non-smoker when the
Insured reaches Age 18.
The cost of insurance rate is determined separately for the initial Face Amount
and for the amount of any increase in the Face Amount. For each increase in the
Face Amount you request, at a time when the Insured is in a less favorable
Underwriting Class than previously, a correspondingly higher cost of insurance
rate will apply only to that portion of the Insurance Amount at Risk for the
increase. For the initial Face Amount and any prior increases, the Company will
use the Underwriting Class previously applicable. On the other hand, if the
Insured's Underwriting Class improves on an increase, the lower cost of
insurance rate generally will apply to the entire Insurance Amount at Risk.
MONTHLY CERTIFICATE ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGE
Prior to the Final Premium Payment Date, a monthly Certificate administrative
charge of up to $10 per month, depending on the group to which the Policy was
issued, will be deducted from the Certificate Value. This charge will be used to
compensate the Company for expenses incurred in the administration of the
Certificate, and will compensate the Company for first-year underwriting and
other start-up expenses incurred in
39
<PAGE>
connection with the Certificate. These expenses include the cost of processing
enrollment forms, conducting medical examinations, determining insurability and
the Insured's Underwriting Class, and establishing Certificate records. The
Company does not expect to derive a profit from these charges.
MONTHLY SEPARATE ACCOUNT ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGE
The Company can make an administrative charge on an annual basis of up to 0.25%
of the Certificate Value in each Sub-Account. The duration of this charge can be
for up to 10 years. This charge is designed to reimburse the Company for the
costs of administering the Separate Account and Sub-Accounts. The charge is not
expected to be a source of profit. The administrative expenses assumed by the
Company in connection with the Separate Account and Sub-Accounts include, but
are not limited to, clerical, accounting, actuarial and legal services, rent,
postage, telephone, office equipment and supplies, expenses of preparing and
printing registration statements, expenses of preparing and typesetting
prospectuses and the cost of printing prospectuses not allocable to sales
expense, filing and other fees.
MONTHLY MORTALITY AND EXPENSE RISK CHARGE
The Company can make a mortality and expense risk charge on an annual basis of
up to 0.90% of the Certificate Value in each Sub-Account. This charge is for the
mortality risk and expense risk which the Company assumes in relation to the
variable portion of the Certificates. The total charges may be different between
groups and increased or decreased within a group, subject to compliance with
applicable state and federal requirements, but may not exceed 0.90% on an annual
basis.
The mortality risk assumed by the Company is that Insureds may live for a
shorter time than anticipated, and that the Company will, therefore, pay an
aggregate amount of Death Proceeds greater than anticipated. The expense risk
assumed is that the expenses incurred in issuing and administering the
Certificates will exceed the amounts realized from the administrative charges
provided in the Certificates. If the charge for mortality and expense risks is
not sufficient to cover actual mortality experience and expenses, the Company
will absorb the losses. If costs are less than the amounts provided, the
difference will be a profit to the Company. To the extent this charge results in
a current profit to the Company, such profit will be available for use by the
Company for, among other things, the payment of distribution, sales and other
expenses. Since mortality and expense risks involve future contingencies which
are not subject to precise determination in advance, it is not feasible to
identify specifically the portion of the charge which is applicable to each.
CHARGES REFLECTED IN THE ASSETS OF THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT
Because the Sub-Accounts purchase shares of the Underlying Investment Companies,
the value of the Units of the Sub-Accounts will reflect the investment advisory
fee and other expenses incurred by the Underlying Investment Companies. The
prospectuses and Statements of Additional Information of the Underlying Funds
contain additional information concerning such fees and expenses.
No charges are currently made against the Sub-Accounts for federal or state
income taxes. Should the Company determine that taxes will be imposed, the
Company may make deductions from the Sub-Account to pay such taxes. See FEDERAL
TAX CONSIDERATIONS. The imposition of such taxes would result in a reduction of
the Certificate Value in the Sub-Accounts.
SURRENDER CHARGE
The Certificate may provide for a contingent surrender charge. A separate
surrender charge, described in more detail below, may be calculated upon the
issuance of the Certificate and for each increase in the Face Amount. The
surrender charge is comprised of a contingent deferred administrative charge and
a contingent deferred sales charge. The contingent deferred administrative
charge compensates the Company for expenses incurred in administering the
Certificate. The contingent deferred sales charge compensates the Company for
expenses relating to the distribution of the Certificate, including agents'
commissions, advertising and the printing of the prospectus and sales
literature.
40
<PAGE>
A surrender charge may be deducted if you request a full surrender of the
Certificate or a decrease in the Face Amount. The duration of the surrender
charge may be up to 15 years from the Date of Issue or from the effective date
of any increase in the Face Amount. The maximum surrender charge calculated upon
issuance of the Certificate is an amount up to the sum of (a) plus (b), where
(a) is a deferred administrative charge equal to $8.50 per thousand dollars of
the initial Face Amount, and (b) is a deferred sales charge of up to 50% (less
any premium expense charge not associated with state and local premium taxes) of
premiums received up to the Guideline Annual Premium. In accordance with
limitations under state insurance regulations, the amount of the maximum
surrender charge will not exceed a specified amount per thousand dollars of
initial Face Amount, as indicated in APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM
SURRENDER CHARGES. The maximum surrender charge remains level for up to 24
Certificate months, reduces uniformly each month for the balance of the
surrender charge period, and is zero thereafter. This reduction in the maximum
surrender charge will reduce the deferred sales charge and the deferred
administrative charge proportionately.
If you surrender the Certificate during the first two years following the Date
of Issue before making premium payments associated with the initial Face Amount
which are at least equal to one Guideline Annual Premium, the deferred
administrative charge will be $8.50 per thousand dollars of initial Face Amount,
as described above, but the deferred sales charge will not exceed 30% (less any
premium expense charge not associated with state and local premium taxes) of
premiums received, up to one Guideline Annual Premium, plus 9% of premiums
received in excess of one Guideline Annual Premium. See APPENDIX D --
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES.
A separate surrender charge may apply to and is calculated for each increase in
the Face Amount. The surrender charge for the increase is in addition to that
for the initial Face Amount. The maximum surrender charge for the increase is up
to the sum of (a) plus (b), where (a) is up to $8.50 per thousand dollars of
increase, and (b) is a deferred sales charge of up to 50% (less any premium
expense charge not associated with state and local premium taxes) of premiums
associated with the increase, up to the Guideline Annual Premium for the
increase. In accordance with limitations under state insurance regulations, the
amount of the surrender charge will not exceed a specified amount per thousand
dollars of increase, as indicated in APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM
SURRENDER CHARGES. As is true for the initial Face Amount, (a) is a deferred
administrative charge, and (b) is a deferred sales charge.
The maximum surrender charge for the increase remains level for up to 24
Certificate months, reduces uniformly each month for the balance of the
surrender charge period, and is zero thereafter. During the first two
Certificate years following an increase in the Face Amount before making premium
payments associated with the increase in the Face Amount which are at least
equal to one Guideline Annual Premium, the deferred administrative charge will
be $8.50 per thousand dollars of increase in the Face Amount, as described
above, but the deferred sales charge imposed will be less than the maximum
described above. Upon such a surrender, the deferred sales charge will not
exceed 30% (less any premium expense charge not associated with state and local
premium taxes) of premiums associated with the increase, up to one Guideline
Annual Premium (for the increase), plus 9% of premiums associated with the
increase in excess of one Guideline Annual Premium. See APPENDIX D --
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES. The premiums associated with the
increase are determined as described below. Additional premium payments may not
be required to fund a requested increase in the Face Amount.
Therefore, a special rule, which is based on relative Guideline Annual Premium
payments, applies whereby the Certificate Value will be allocated between the
initial Face Amount and the increase. Subsequent premium payments are allocated
between the initial Certificate and the increase. For example, suppose the
Guideline Annual Premium is equal to $1,500 before an increase and is equal to
$2,000 as a result of the increase. The Certificate Value on the effective date
of the increase would be allocated 75% ($1,500/$2,000) to the initial Face
Amount and 25% to the increase. All future premiums would also be allocated 75%
to the initial Face Amount and 25% to the increase. Thus, existing Certificate
Value associated with the increase will equal the portion of Certificate Value
allocated to the increase on the effective date of the increase, before any
deductions are made. Premiums associated with the increase will equal the
portion of the premium payments
41
<PAGE>
actually made on or after the effective date of the increase which are allocated
to the increase. See APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES, for
examples illustrating the calculation of the maximum surrender charge for the
initial Face Amount and for any increases, as well as for the surrender charge
based on actual premiums paid or associated with any increases.
A surrender charge may be deducted on a decrease in the Face Amount. In the
event of a decrease, the surrender charge deducted is a fraction of the charge
that would apply to a full surrender of the Certificate. The fraction will be
determined by dividing the amount of the decrease by the current Face Amount and
multiplying the result by the surrender charge. If more than one surrender
charge is in effect (i.e., pursuant to one or more increases in the Face Amount
of a Certificate), the surrender charge will be applied in the following order:
(1) the most recent increase; (2) the next most recent increases successively;
and (3) the initial Face Amount. Where a decrease causes a partial reduction in
an increase or in the initial Face Amount, a proportionate share of the
surrender charge for that increase or for the initial Face Amount will be
deducted.
CHARGES ON PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL
After the first Certificate year, partial withdrawals of Surrender Value may be
made. The minimum withdrawal is $500. Under Option 1 or Option 3, the Face
Amount is reduced by the amount of the partial withdrawal, and a partial
withdrawal will not be allowed if it would reduce the Face Amount below $40,000.
A transaction charge which is the smaller of 2% of the amount withdrawn, or $25,
will be assessed on each partial withdrawal to reimburse the Company for the
cost of processing the withdrawal. The Company does not expect to make a profit
on this charge. The transaction fee applies to all partial withdrawals,
including a Withdrawal without a surrender charge.
A partial withdrawal charge may also be deducted from Certificate Value. For
each partial withdrawal you may withdraw an amount equal to 10% of the
Certificate Value on the date the written withdrawal request is received by the
Company less the total of any prior withdrawals in that Certificate year which
were not subject to the partial withdrawal charge, without incurring a partial
withdrawal charge. Any partial withdrawal in excess of this amount ("excess
withdrawal") will be subject to the partial withdrawal charge. The partial
withdrawal charge is equal to 5% of the excess withdrawal up to the amount of
the surrender charge(s) on the date of withdrawal. There will be no partial
withdrawal charge if there is no surrender charge on the date of withdrawal
(i.e., 15 years have passed from the Date of Issue and from the effective date
of any increase in the Face Amount).
This right is not cumulative from Certificate year to Certificate year. For
example, if only 8% of Certificate Value was withdrawn in Certificate year two,
the amount you could withdraw in subsequent Certificate years would not be
increased by the amount you did not withdraw in the second Certificate year.
The Certificate's outstanding surrender charge will be reduced by the amount of
the partial withdrawal charge deducted, by proportionately reducing the deferred
sales charge component and the deferred administrative charge component. The
partial withdrawal charge deducted will decrease existing surrender charges in
the following order:
- first, the surrender charge for the most recent increase in the Face
Amount;
- second, the surrender charge for the next most recent increases
successively;
- last, the surrender charge for the initial Face Amount.
See APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES for an example
illustrating the calculation of the charges on partial withdrawal and their
impact on the surrender charges.
42
<PAGE>
TRANSFER CHARGES
The first twelve transfers in a Certificate year will be free of charge.
Thereafter, a transfer charge of $10 will be imposed for each transfer request
to reimburse the Company for the administrative costs incurred in processing the
transfer request. The Company reserves the right to increase the charge, but it
will never exceed $25. The Company also reserves the right to change the number
of free transfers allowed in a Certificate year. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Transfer Privilege."
You may have automatic transfers of at least $100 made on a periodic basis,
every 1, 2 or 3 months (a) from the Sub-Accounts which invest in the Money
Market Fund and Government Bond Fund of the Trust, respectively, to one or more
of the other Sub-Accounts, or (b) to reallocate Certificate Value among the
Sub-Accounts. The first automatic transfer counts as one transfer towards the
twelve free transfers allowed in each Certificate year. Each subsequent
automatic transfer is without charge and does not reduce the remaining number of
transfers which may be made without charge.
If you utilize the Conversion Privilege, Loan Privilege, or reallocate
Certificate Value within 20 days of the Date of Issue of the Certificate, any
resulting transfer of Certificate Value from the Sub-Accounts to the General
Account will be free of charge, and in addition to the twelve free transfers in
a Certificate year. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Conversion Privileges" and
CERTIFICATE LOANS.
CHARGE FOR CHANGE IN FACE AMOUNT
For each increase or decrease in the Face Amount you request, a transaction
charge of $2.50 per $1,000 of increase or decrease, to a maximum of $40, may be
deducted from the Certificate Value to reimburse the Company for administrative
costs associated with the change. This charge is guaranteed not to increase, and
the Company does not expect to make a profit on this charge.
OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGES
The Company reserves the right to impose a charge (not to exceed $25) for the
administrative costs incurred for changing the Net Premium allocation
instructions, for changing the allocation of any Monthly Deductions among the
various Sub-Accounts, or for a projection of values.
CERTIFICATE LOANS
Loans may be obtained by request to the Company on the sole security of the
Certificate. The total amount which may be borrowed is the Loan Value. In the
first Certificate year, the Loan Value is 75% of Certificate Value reduced by
applicable surrender charges, as well as Monthly Deductions and interest on the
loan to the end of the Certificate year. The Loan Value in the second
Certificate year and thereafter is 90% of an amount equal to Certificate Value
reduced by applicable surrender charges. There is no minimum limit on the amount
of the loan. The loan amount will normally be paid within seven days after the
Company receives the loan request at its Principal Office, but the Company may
delay payments under certain circumstances. See OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS --
"Postponement of Payments."
A Certificate loan may be allocated among the General Account and one or more
Sub-Accounts. If you do not make an allocation, the Company will make a Pro-Rata
Allocation based on the amounts in the Accounts on the date the Company receives
the loan request. Certificate Value in each Sub-Account equal to the Certificate
loan allocated to such Sub-Account will be transferred to the General Account,
and the number of Units equal to the Certificate Value so transferred will be
cancelled. This will reduce the Certificate Value in these Sub-Accounts. These
transactions are not treated as transfers for purposes of the transfer charge.
43
<PAGE>
LOAN AMOUNT EARNS INTEREST IN THE GENERAL ACCOUNT
As long as the Certificate is in force, Certificate Value in the General Account
equal to the loan amount will be credited with interest at an effective annual
yield of at least 6.00% per year (7.5% for preferred loans). The current
credited rate is 7.1% (8% for preferred loans). NO ADDITIONAL INTEREST WILL BE
CREDITED TO SUCH CERTIFICATE VALUE.
PREFERRED LOAN OPTION
A preferred loan option is available under the Certificate. The preferred loan
option will be available upon Written Request. It may be revoked by you at any
time. If this option has been selected, after the tenth Certificate anniversary,
Certificate Value in the General Account equal to the loan amount will be
credited with interest at an effective annual yield of at least 4.4%. The
current rate is 4.9%. The Company's current practice is to credit a rate of
interest equal to the rate being charged for the preferred loan.
There is some uncertainty as to the tax treatment of preferred loans. Consult a
qualified tax adviser (and see FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS). THE PREFERRED LOAN
OPTION IS NOT AVAILABLE IN ALL STATES.
LOAN INTEREST CHARGED
Interest accrues daily, and is payable in arrears at the annual rate of 4.9%.
Interest is due and payable at the end of each Certificate year or on a pro-rata
basis for such shorter period as the loan may exist. Interest not paid when due
will be added to the loan amount and bear interest at the same rate. After the
due and unpaid interest is added to the loan amount, if the new loan amount
exceeds the Certificate Value in the General Account, the Company will transfer
Certificate Value equal to that excess loan amount from the Certificate Value in
each Sub-Account to the General Account as security for the excess loan amount.
The Company will allocate the amount transferred among the Sub-Accounts in the
same proportion that the Certificate Value in each Sub-Account bears to the
total Certificate Value in all Sub-Accounts.
REPAYMENT OF DEBT
Loans may be repaid at any time prior to the lapse of the Certificate. Upon
repayment of Debt, the portion of the Certificate Value that is in the General
Account securing the Debt repaid will be allocated to the various Accounts and
increase the Certificate Value in such Accounts in accordance with your
instructions. If you do not make a repayment allocation, the Company will
allocate Certificate Value in accordance with your most recent premium
allocation instructions; provided, however, that loan repayments allocated to
the Separate Account cannot exceed Certificate Value previously transferred from
the Separate Account to secure the Debt.
If Debt exceeds the Certificate Value less the surrender charge, the Certificate
will terminate. A notice of such pending termination will be mailed to the last
known address of you and any assignee. If you do not make sufficient payment
within 62 days after this notice is mailed, the Certificate will terminate with
no value. See CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT.
EFFECT OF CERTIFICATE LOANS
Although Certificate loans may be repaid at any time prior to the lapse of the
Certificate, Certificate loans will permanently affect the Certificate Value and
Surrender Value, and may permanently affect the Death Proceeds. The effect could
be favorable or unfavorable, depending upon whether the investment performance
of the Sub-Accounts is less than or greater than the interest credited to the
Certificate Value in the General Account attributable to the loan.
Moreover, outstanding Certificate loans and the accrued interest will be
deducted from the proceeds payable upon surrender or the death of the Insured.
44
<PAGE>
CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT
TERMINATION
The failure to make premium payments will not cause the Certificate to lapse
unless:
- the Surrender Value is insufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction
plus loan interest accrued; or
- if Debt exceeds the Certificate Value.
If one of these situations occurs, the Certificate will be in default. You will
then have a grace period of 62 days, measured from the date of default, to make
sufficient payments to prevent termination. On the date of default, the Company
will send a notice to you and to any assignee of record. The notice will state
the amount of premium due and the date on which it is due.
Failure to make a sufficient payment within the grace period will result in
termination of the Certificate. If the Insured dies during the grace period, the
Death Proceeds will still be payable, but any Monthly Deductions due and unpaid
through the Certificate month in which the Insured dies and any other overdue
charges will be deducted from the Death Proceeds.
PAYOR PROVISIONS
Subject to approval in the state in which the Certificate was issued, if you
name a "Payor" in your enrollment form supplement, the following "Payor
Provisions" will apply:
The Payor may designate what portion, if any, of each payment of a premium is
"excess premium." You may allocate the excess premium among the General Account
and Sub-Accounts. The remaining Payor's premium which is not excess premium
("Payor's premium") will automatically be allocated to the Monthly Deduction
Sub-Account, from which the Monthly Deduction charges will be made. Payor
premiums are initially held in the General Account, and will be transferred to
the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account not later than three days after underwriting
approval of the Certificate. No Certificate loans, partial withdrawals or
transfers may be made from the amount in the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account
attributable to Payor's premiums.
If the amount in the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account attributable to Payor's
premiums is insufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction, the Company will
send to the Payor a notice of the due date and amount of premium which is due.
The premium may be paid during a grace period of 62 days, beginning on the
premium due date. If the necessary premium is not received by the Company within
31 days of the end of the grace period, a second notice will be sent to the
Payor. A 31-day grace period notice at this time will also be sent to you if the
Certificate Value is insufficient to cover the Monthly Deductions then due.
If the amount in the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account attributable to Payor
premiums is insufficient to cover the Monthly Deductions due at the end of the
grace period, the balance of such Monthly Deductions will be withdrawn on a
Pro-Rata Allocation from the Certificate Value, if any, in the General Account
and the Sub-Accounts.
A lapse occurs if the Certificate Value is insufficient, at the end of the grace
period, to pay the Monthly Deductions which are due. The Certificate terminates
on the date of lapse. Any Death Benefit payable during the grace period will be
reduced by any overdue charges.
The above Payor Provisions, if applicable, are in lieu of the grace-period
notice and default provisions applicable when the Surrender Value is
insufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction plus loan interest accrued.
However, they do not apply if Debt exceeds the Certificate Value. See the
discussion under "Termination," above. You or the Payor may, upon Written
Request, discontinue the above Payor Provisions.
45
<PAGE>
If the Payor makes a written request to discontinue the Payor Provisions, the
Company will send you a notice of the discontinuance to your last known address.
REINSTATEMENT
If the Certificate has not been surrendered and the Insured is alive, the
terminated Certificate may be reinstated anytime within three years after the
date of default and before the Final Premium Payment Date. The reinstatement
will be effective on the Monthly Processing Date following the date you submit
the following to the Company:
- a written enrollment form for reinstatement,
- Evidence of Insurability; and
- a premium that, after the deduction of the premium expense charge, is
large enough to cover the Monthly Deductions for the three-month period
beginning on the date of reinstatement.
SURRENDER CHARGE
The surrender charge on the date of reinstatement is the surrender charge which
should have been in effect had the Certificate remained in force from the Date
of Issue.
CERTIFICATE VALUE ON REINSTATEMENT
The Certificate Value on the date of reinstatement is:
- the Net Premium paid to reinstate the Certificate increased by interest
from the date the payment was received at the Principal Office; PLUS
- an amount equal to the Certificate Value less Debt on the date of default;
MINUS
- the Monthly Deduction due on the date of reinstatement. You may reinstate
any Debt outstanding on the date of default or foreclosure.
OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS
The following Certificate provisions may vary in certain states in order to
comply with requirements of the insurance laws, regulations, and insurance
regulatory agencies in those states.
CERTIFICATE OWNER
The Certificate Owner is the Insured unless another Certificate Owner has been
named in the enrollment form or the Certificate. The Certificate Owner is
generally entitled to exercise all rights under the Certificate while the
Insured is alive, subject to the consent of any irrevocable Beneficiary (the
consent of a revocable Beneficiary is not required). The consent of the Insured
is required whenever the Face Amount of insurance is increased.
BENEFICIARY
The Beneficiary is the person or persons to whom the insurance proceeds are
payable upon the Insured's death. Unless otherwise stated in the Certificate,
the Beneficiary has no rights in the Certificate before the death of the
Insured. While the Insured is alive, you may change any Beneficiary unless you
have declared a Beneficiary to be irrevocable. If no Beneficiary is alive when
the Insured dies, the Certificate Owner (or the Certificate Owner's estate) will
be the Beneficiary. If more than one Beneficiary is alive when the Insured dies,
they will be paid in equal shares, unless you have chosen otherwise. Where there
is more than one
46
<PAGE>
Beneficiary, the interest of a Beneficiary who dies before the Insured will pass
to surviving Beneficiaries proportionately.
ASSIGNMENT
The Certificate Owner may assign a Certificate as collateral or make an absolute
assignment of the Certificate. All rights under the Certificate will be
transferred to the extent of the assignee's interest. The Consent of the
assignee may be required in order to make changes in premium allocations, to
make transfers, or to exercise other rights under the Certificate. The Company
is not bound by an assignment or release thereof, unless it is in writing and is
recorded at the Principal Office. When recorded, the assignment will take effect
as of the date the Written Request was signed. Any rights created by the
assignment will be subject to any payments made or actions taken by the Company
before the assignment is recorded. The Company is not responsible for
determining the validity of any assignment or release.
INCONTESTABILITY
The Company will not contest the validity of a Certificate after it has been in
force during the Insured's lifetime for two years from the Date of Issue. The
Company will not contest the validity of any rider or any increase in the Face
Amount after such rider or increase has been in force during the Insured's
lifetime for two years from its effective date.
SUICIDE
The Death Proceeds will not be paid if the Insured commits suicide within two
years from the Date of Issue. Instead, the Company will pay the Beneficiary an
amount equal to all premiums paid for the Certificate, without interest, less
any outstanding Debt and less any partial withdrawals. If the Insured commits
suicide, within two years from the effective date of any increase in the Death
Benefit, the Company's liability with respect to such increase will be limited
to a refund of the cost thereof. The Beneficiary will receive the administrative
charges and insurance charges paid for such increase.
AGE
If the Insured's Age as stated in the enrollment form for the Certificate is not
correct, benefits under the Certificate will be adjusted to reflect the correct
Age, if death occurs prior to the Final Premium Payment Date. The adjusted
benefit will be that which the most recent cost of insurance charge would have
purchased for the correct Age. In no event will the Death Benefit be reduced to
less than the Minimum Death Benefit.
POSTPONEMENT OF PAYMENTS
Payments of any amount due from the Separate Account upon surrender, partial
withdrawals, or death of the Insured, as well as payments of a Certificate loan
and transfers may be postponed whenever: (1) the New York Stock Exchange is
closed other than customary weekend and holiday closings, or trading on the New
York Stock Exchange is restricted as determined by the SEC, or (2) an emergency
exists, as determined by the SEC, as a result of which disposal of securities is
not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable to determine the
value of the Separate Account's net assets. Payments under the Certificate of
any amounts derived from the premiums paid by check may be delayed until such
time as the check has cleared your bank.
The Company also reserves the right to defer payment of any amount due from the
General Account upon surrender, partial withdrawal, or death of the Insured, as
well as payments of Certificate loans and transfers from the General Account,
for a period not to exceed six months.
47
<PAGE>
DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AND POSITION
WITH COMPANY PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- ---------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Bruce C. Anderson Director (since 1996), Vice President (since 1984) and
Director, Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 1992) of First Allmerica
Assistant Secretary
Abigail M. Armstrong Secretary (since 1996) and Counsel (since 1991) of First
Secretary and Counsel Allmerica; Secretary (since 1988) and Counsel (since
1994) of Allmerica Investments, Inc.; and Secretary
(since 1990) of Allmerica Financial Investment
Management Services, Inc.
Warren E. Barnes Vice President (since 1996) and Corporate Controller
Vice President and Corporate (since 1998) of First Allmerica
Controller
Robert E. Bruce Director, Vice President and Chief Information Officer
Director and Chief Information Officer (since 1997) and
Vice President (since 1995) of First Allmerica; and
Corporate Manager (1979 to 1995) of Digital Equipment
Corporation
John P. Kavanaugh Director and Chief Investment Officer (since 1996) and
Director, Vice President and Vice President (since 1991) of First Allmerica; and Vice
Chief Investment Officer President (since 1998) of Allmerica Financial Investment
Management Services, Inc.
John F. Kelly Director (since 1996), Senior Vice President (since
Director, Senior Vice President, 1986), General Counsel (since 1981) and Assistant
General Counsel and Assistant Secretary (since 1991) of First Allmerica; Director
Secretary (since 1985) of Allmerica Investments, Inc.; and
Director (since 1990) of Allmerica Financial Investment
Management Services, Inc.
J. Barry May Director (since 1996) of First Allmerica; Director and
Director President (since 1996) of The Hanover Insurance Company;
and Vice President (1993 to 1996) of The Hanover
Insurance Company
James R. McAuliffe Director (since 1996) of First Allmerica; Director
Director (since 1992), President (since 1994) and Chief Executive
Officer (since 1996) of Citizens Insurance Company of
America
John F. O'Brien Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since
Director, President and Chief 1989) of First Allmerica; Director (since 1989) of
Executive Officer Allmerica Investments, Inc.; and Director and Chairman
of the Board (since 1990) of Allmerica Financial
Investment Management Services, Inc.
Edward J. Parry, III Director and Chief Financial Officer (since 1996) and
Director, Vice President, Chief Vice President and Treasurer (since 1993) of First
Financial Officer and Treasurer Allmerica; Treasurer (since 1993) of Allmerica
Investments, Inc.; and Treasurer (since 1993) of
Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services, Inc.
Richard M. Reilly Director (since 1996) and Vice President (since 1990) of
Director and Vice President First Allmerica; Director (since 1990) of Allmerica
Investments, Inc.; and Director and President (since
1998) of Allmerica Financial Investment Management
Services, Inc.
</TABLE>
48
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AND POSITION
WITH COMPANY PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- ---------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Robert P. Restrepo, Jr. Director and Vice President (since 1998) of First
Director and Vice President Allmerica; Chief Executive Officer (1996 to 1998) of
Travelers Property & Casualty; Senior Vice President
(1993 to 1996) of Aetna Life & Casualty Company
Eric A. Simonsen Director (since 1996) and Vice President (since 1990) of
Director and Vice President First Allmerica; Director (since 1991) of Allmerica
Investments, Inc.; and Director (since 1991) of
Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services, Inc.
Phillip E. Soule Director (since 1996) and Vice President (since 1987) of
Director and Vice President First Allmerica
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION
Allmerica Investments, Inc., an indirect subsidiary of the Company, acts as the
principal underwriter of the Certificates pursuant to a Sales and Administrative
Services Agreement with the Company and the Separate Account. Allmerica
Investments, Inc. is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer and is a member
of the National Association of Securities Dealers ("NASD"). The Certificates are
sold by agents of the Company who are registered representatives of Allmerica
Investments, Inc., or of independent broker-dealers.
The Company pays commissions to broker-dealers and registered representatives
which sell the Certificates based on a commission schedule. After issue of a
Certificate or an increase in the Face Amount, commissions may be up to 25% of
the first-year premiums up to a basic premium amount established by the Company.
Thereafter, commissions may be up to 10% of any additional premiums. Alternative
compensation schedules, which may include ongoing annual compensation of up to
0.50% of Certificate Value, are available based on premium payments and the
level of enrollment and ongoing administrative services provided to participants
and benefit plans by the broker-dealer or registered representative. Certain
registered representatives, including registered representatives enrolled in the
Company's training program for new agents, may receive additional first-year and
renewal commissions and training reimbursements. General Agents of the Company
and certain registered representatives may also be eligible to receive expense
reimbursements based on the amount of earned commissions. General Agents may
also receive overriding commissions, which will not exceed 2.5% of first-year,
or 4% of renewal premiums. To the extent permitted by NASD rules, promotional
incentives or payments may also be provided to broker-dealers based on sales
volumes, the assumption of wholesaling functions or other sales related
criteria. Other payments may be made for other services that do not directly
involve the sales of the Certificates. These services may include the
recruitment and training of personnel, production of promotional literature, and
similar services.
The Company intends to recoup the commission and other sales expenses through a
combination of the deferred sales charge component of the anticipated surrender
and partial withdrawal charges, through a portion of the premium expense charge,
and the investment earnings on amounts allocated to accumulate on a fixed basis
in excess of the interest credited on fixed accumulations by the Company. There
is no additional charge to the Certificate Owners or to the Separate Account.
Any surrender charge assessed on a Certificate will be retained by the Company
except for amounts it may pay to Allmerica Investments, Inc. for services it
performs and expenses it may incur as principal underwriter and general
distributor.
SERVICES
The Company receives fees from the investment advisers or other service
providers of certain Underlying Funds in return for providing certain services
to Policyowners. Currently, the Company receives service fees with respect to
the Fidelity VIP Overseas Portfolio, Fidelity VIP Equity-Income Portfolio,
Fidelity VIP Growth Portfolio, Fidelity VIP High Income Portfolio, and Fidelity
VIP II Asset Manager Portfolio, at an
49
<PAGE>
annual rate of 0.10% and 0.04% with respect to Fidelity VIP II Index 500, of the
aggregate net asset value respectively, of the shares of such Underlying Funds
held by the Separate Account. With respect to the T. Rowe Price International
Stock Portfolio, the Company receives service fees at an annual rate of 0.15%
per annum of the aggregate net asset value of shares held by the Separate
Account. The Company may in the future render services for which it will receive
compensation from the investment advisers or other service providers of other
Underlying Funds.
REPORTS
The Company will maintain the records relating to the Separate Account. You will
be promptly sent statements of significant transactions such as premium payments
(other than payments made pursuant to the MAP procedure), changes in the
specified Face Amount, changes in the Death Benefit Option, transfers among
Sub-Accounts and the General Account, partial withdrawals, increases in loan
amount by you, loan repayments, lapse, termination for any reason, and
reinstatement. An annual statement will also be sent to you. The annual
statement will summarize all of the above transactions and deductions of charges
during the Certificate year. It will also set forth the status of the Death
Proceeds, Certificate Value, Surrender Value, amounts in the Sub-Accounts and
General Account, and any Certificate loan(s).
In addition, you will be sent periodic reports containing financial statements
and other information for the Separate Account and the Underlying Investment
Companies as required by the 1940 Act.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are no legal proceedings pending to which the Separate Account is a party,
or to which the assets of the Separate Account are subject. The Company and
Allmerica Investments, Inc. are not involved in any litigation that is of
material importance in relation to their total assets or that relates to the
Separate Account.
FURTHER INFORMATION
A Registration Statement under the 1933 Act relating to this offering has been
filed with the SEC. Certain portions of the Registration Statement and
amendments have been omitted from this Prospectus pursuant to the rules and
regulations of the SEC. Statements contained in this Prospectus concerning the
Certificate and other legal documents are summaries. The complete documents and
omitted information may be obtained from the SEC's principal office in
Washington, DC, upon payment of the SEC's prescribed fees.
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
The financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 and for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998, and the financial
statements of Group VEL Account of the Company as of December 31, 1998 and for
the periods indicated, included in this Prospectus constituting part of this
Registration Statement, have been so included in reliance on the reports of
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of
said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The financial statements of the Company included herein should be considered
only as bearing on the ability of the Company to meet its obligations under the
Certificate.
FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The effect of federal income taxes on the value of a Certificate, on loans,
withdrawals, or surrenders, on Death Benefit payments, and on the economic
benefit to you or the Beneficiary depends upon a variety of factors. The
following discussion is based upon the Company's understanding of the present
federal income tax laws as they are currently interpreted. From time to time
legislation is proposed which, if passed, could significantly, adversely, and
possibly retroactively, affect the taxation of the Certificates. No
representation is made
50
<PAGE>
regarding the likelihood of continuation of current federal income tax laws or
of current interpretations by the IRS. Moreover, no attempt has been made to
consider any applicable state or other tax laws.
It should be recognized that the following summary of federal income tax aspects
of amounts received under the Certificates is not exhaustive, does not purport
to cover all situations, and is not intended as tax advice. Specifically, the
discussion below does not address certain tax provisions that may be applicable
if the Certificate Owner is a corporation or the trustee of an employee benefit
plan. A qualified tax adviser should always be consulted with regard to the
enrollment form of law to individual circumstances.
THE COMPANY AND THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT
The Company is taxed as a life insurance company under Subchapter L of the Code
of 1986, and files a consolidated tax return with its parent and affiliates. The
Company does not expect to incur any income tax upon the earnings or realized
capital gains attributable to the Separate Account. Based on these expectations,
no charge is made for federal income taxes which may be attributable to the
Separate Account.
The Company will review periodically the question of a charge to the Separate
Account for federal income taxes. Such a charge may be made in future years for
any federal income taxes incurred by the Company. This might become necessary if
the tax treatment of the Company is ultimately determined to be other than what
the Company believes it to be, if there are changes made in the federal income
tax treatment of variable life insurance at the Company level, or if there is a
change in the Company's tax status. Any such charge would be designed to cover
the federal income taxes attributable to the investment results of the Separate
Account.
Under current laws the Company may also incur state and local taxes (in addition
to premium taxes) in several states. At present these taxes are not significant.
If there is a material change in applicable state or local tax laws, charges may
be made for such taxes paid, or reserves for such taxes, attributable to the
Separate Account.
TAXATION OF THE CERTIFICATES
The Company believes that the Certificates described in this Prospectus will be
considered life insurance contracts under Section 7702 of the Code, which
generally provides for the taxation of life insurance policies and places
limitations on the relationship of the Certificate Value to the Insurance Amount
at Risk. As a result, the Death Proceeds payable are excludable from the gross
income of the Beneficiary. Moreover, any increase in Certificate Value is not
taxable until received by the Certificate Owner or the Certificate Owner's
designee. See MODIFIED ENDOWMENT CONTRACTS.
The Code also requires that the investment of each Sub-Account be adequately
diversified in accordance with Treasury regulations in order to be treated as a
life insurance Certificate for tax purposes. Although the Company does not have
control over the investments of the Underlying Funds, the Company believes that
the Underlying Funds currently meet the Treasury's diversification requirements,
and the Company will monitor continued compliance with these requirements. In
connection with the issuance of previous regulations relating to diversification
requirements, the Treasury Department announced that such regulations do not
provide guidance concerning the extent to which Certificate Owners may direct
their investments to particular divisions of a separate account. Regulations in
this regard may be issued in the future. It is possible that if and when
regulations are issued, the Certificates may need to be modified to comply with
such regulations. For these reasons, the Certificates or the Company's
administrative rules may be modified as necessary to prevent a Certificate Owner
from being considered the owner of the assets of the Separate Account.
Depending upon the circumstances, a surrender, partial withdrawal, change in the
Death Benefit Option, change in the Face Amount, lapse with Certificate loan
outstanding, or assignment of the Certificate may have tax consequences. In
particular, under specified conditions, a distribution under the Certificate
during the first 15 years from Date of Issue that reduces future benefits under
the Certificate will be taxed to the Certificate Owner as ordinary income to the
extent of any investment earnings in the Certificate. Federal, state and local
51
<PAGE>
income, estate, inheritance, and other tax consequences of ownership or receipt
of Certificate proceeds depend on the circumstances of each Insured, Certificate
Owner, or Beneficiary.
CERTIFICATE LOANS
The Company believes that non-preferred loans received under a Certificate will
be treated as indebtedness of the Certificate Owner for federal income tax
purposes. Under current law, these loans will not constitute income for the
Certificate Owner while the Certificate is in force. See "Modified Endowment
Contracts." However, there is a risk that a preferred loan may be characterized
by the IRS as a withdrawal and taxed accordingly. At the present time, the IRS
has not issued any guidance on whether a loan with the attributes of a preferred
loan should be treated differently than a non-preferred loan. This lack of
specific guidance makes the tax treatment of preferred loans uncertain. In the
event pertinent IRS guidelines are issued in the future, you may revoke your
request for a preferred loan.
Section 264 of the Code restricts the deduction of interest on policy or
certificate loans. Consumer interest paid on policy or certificate loans under
an individually owned policy or certificate is not tax deductible. Generally, no
tax deduction for interest is allowed on policy or certificate loans, if the
insured is an officer or employee of, or is financially interested in, any
business carried on by the taxpayer. There is an exception to this rule which
permits a deduction for interest on loans up to $50,000 related to any policies
or certificates covering the greater of (1) five individuals, or (2) the lesser
of (a) 5% of the total number of officers and employees of the corporation, or
(b) 20 individuals.
MODIFIED ENDOWMENT CONTRACTS
The Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988 ("1988 Act") adversely
affects the tax treatment of distributions under so-called "modified endowment
contracts." Under the 1988 Act, any life insurance certificate, including a
Certificate offered by this Prospectus, that fails to satisfy a "seven-pay" test
is considered a modified endowment contract. A certificate fails to satisfy the
seven-pay test if the cumulative premiums paid under the certificate at any time
during the first seven certificate years, or within seven years of a material
change in the certificate, exceed the sum of the net level premiums that would
have been paid, had the certificate provided for paid-up future benefits after
the payment of seven level premiums.
If the Certificate is considered a modified endowment contract, all
distributions under the Certificate will be taxed on an "income-first" basis.
Most distributions received by a Certificate Owner directly or indirectly
(including loans, withdrawals, partial surrenders, or the assignment or pledge
of any portion of the value of the Certificate) will be includible in gross
income to the extent that the cash Surrender Value of the Certificate exceeds
the Certificate Owner's investment in the contract. Any additional amounts will
be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the Certificate Owner's basis
in the Certificate. With certain exceptions, an additional 10% tax will be
imposed on the portion of any distribution that is includible in income. All
modified endowment contracts issued by the same insurance company to the same
Certificate Owner during any 12-month period will be treated as a single
modified endowment contract in determining taxable distributions.
Currently, each Certificate is reviewed when premiums are received to determine
if it satisfies the seven-pay test. If the Certificate does not satisfy the
seven-pay test, the Company will notify the Certificate Owner of the option of
requesting a refund of the excess premium. The refund process must be completed
within 60 days after the Certificate anniversary, or the Certificate will be
permanently classified as a modified endowment contract.
52
<PAGE>
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE GENERAL ACCOUNT
As discussed earlier, you may allocate Net Premiums and transfer Certificate
Value to the General Account. Because of exemption and exclusionary provisions
in the securities law, any amount in the General Account is not generally
subject to regulation under the provisions of the 1933 Act or the 1940 Act.
Accordingly, the disclosures in this Section have not been reviewed by the SEC.
Disclosures regarding the fixed portion of the Certificate and the General
Account may, however, be subject to certain generally applicable provisions of
the Federal Securities Laws concerning the accuracy and completeness of
statements made in prospectuses.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The General Account of the Company is made up of all of the general assets of
the Company other than those allocated to any separate account. Allocations to
the General Account become part of the assets of the Company and are used to
support insurance and annuity obligations. Subject to applicable law, the
Company has sole discretion over the investment of assets of the General
Account.
A portion or all of Net Premiums may be allocated or transferred to accumulate
at a fixed rate of interest in the General Account. Such net amounts are
guaranteed by the Company as to principal and a minimum rate of interest. The
allocation or transfer of funds to the General Account does not entitle you to
share in the investment experience of the General Account.
GENERAL ACCOUNT VALUE
The Company bears the full investment risk for amounts allocated to the General
Account and guarantees that interest credited to each Certificate Owner's
Certificate Value in the General Account will not be less than an annual rate of
4% ("Guaranteed Minimum Rate"). (Under the Certificate, the Guaranteed Minimum
Rate may be higher than 4%.)
The Company may, AT ITS SOLE DISCRETION, credit a higher rate of interest
("excess interest"), although it is not obligated to credit interest in excess
of the Guaranteed Minimum Rate, and might not do so. However, the excess
interest rate, if any, in effect on the date a premium is received at the
Principal Office is guaranteed on that premium for one year, unless the
Certificate Value associated with the premium becomes security for a Certificate
loan. AFTER SUCH INITIAL ONE-YEAR GUARANTEE OF INTEREST ON NET PREMIUM, ANY
INTEREST CREDITED ON THE CERTIFICATE VALUE IN THE GENERAL ACCOUNT IN EXCESS OF
THE GUARANTEED MINIMUM RATE PER YEAR WILL BE DETERMINED IN THE SOLE DISCRETION
OF THE COMPANY. THE CERTIFICATE OWNER ASSUMES THE RISK THAT INTEREST CREDITED
MAY NOT EXCEED THE GUARANTEED MINIMUM RATE.
Even if excess interest is credited to accumulated value in the General Account,
no excess interest will be credited to that portion of the Certificate Value
which is equal to Debt. However, such Certificate Value will be credited
interest at an effective annual yield of at least 6%.
The Company guarantees that, on each Monthly Processing Date, the Certificate
Value in the General Account will be the amount of the Net Premiums allocated or
Certificate Value transferred to the General Account, plus interest at the
Guaranteed Minimum Rate, plus any excess interest which the Company credits,
less the sum of all Certificate charges allocable to the General Account and any
amounts deducted from the General Account in connection with loans, partial
withdrawals, surrenders or transfers.
THE CERTIFICATE
This Prospectus describes certificates issued under a flexible premium variable
life insurance Certificate, and is generally intended to serve as a disclosure
document only for the aspects of the Certificate relating to the Separate
Account. For complete details regarding the General Account, see the Certificate
itself.
53
<PAGE>
TRANSFERS, SURRENDERS, PARTIAL WITHDRAWALS AND CERTIFICATE LOANS
If a Certificate is surrendered or if a partial withdrawal is made, a surrender
charge or partial withdrawal charge, as applicable, may be imposed if such event
occurs before the Certificate, or an increase in the Face Amount, has been in
force for 15 Certificate years. In the event of a decrease in the Face Amount,
the surrender charge deducted is a fraction of the charge that would apply to a
full surrender of the Certificate. Partial withdrawals are made on a
last-in/first-out basis from Certificate Value allocated to the General Account.
The first twelve transfers in a Certificate year are free of charge. Thereafter,
a $10 transfer charge will be deducted for each transfer in that Certificate
year. The transfer privilege is subject to the consent of the Company and to the
Company's then current rules.
Certificate loans may also be made from the Certificate Value in the General
Account.
Transfers, surrenders, partial withdrawals, Death Proceeds and Certificate loans
payable from the General Account may be delayed up to six months. However, if
payment is delayed for 30 days or more, the Company will pay interest at least
equal to an effective annual yield of 3% for the period of deferment. Amounts
from the General Account used to pay premiums on policies with the Company will
not be delayed.
YEAR 2000 DISCLOSURE
The Year 2000 issue is the result of computer programs being written using two
digits rather than four to define the applicable year. Any of the Company's
computer programs that have date-sensitive software may recognize a date using
"00" as the year 1900 rather than the year 2000. This could result in a system
failure or miscalculations causing disruptions of operations, including, among
other things, a temporary inability to process transactions, send invoices or
engage in similar normal business activities.
Based on a third party assessment, the Company determined that significant
portions of its software required modification or replacement to enable its
computer systems to properly process dates beyond December 31, 1999. The Company
is presently completing the process of modifying or replacing existing software
and believes that this action will resolve the Year 2000 issue. However, if such
modifications and conversions are not made, or are not completed timely, or
should there be serious unanticipated interruptions from unknown sources, the
Year 2000 issue could have a material adverse impact on the operations of the
Company. Specifically, the Company could experience, among other things, an
interruption in its ability to collect and process premiums, process claim
payments, safeguard and manage its invested assets, accurately maintain
policyholder information, accurately maintain accounting records, and perform
customer service. Any of these specific events, depending on duration, could
have a material adverse impact on the results of operations and the financial
position of the Company.
The Company has initiated formal communications with all of its suppliers to
determine the extent to which the Company is vulnerable to those third parties'
failure to remediate their own Year 2000 issue. The Company's total Year 2000
project cost and estimates to complete the project include the estimated costs
and time associated with the Company's involvement on a third party's Year 2000
issue, and are based on presently available information. However, there can be
no guarantee that the systems of other companies on which the Company's systems
rely will be timely converted, or that a failure to convert by another company,
or a conversion that is incompatible with the Company's systems, would not have
material adverse effect on the Company. The Company does not believe that it has
material exposure to contingencies related to the Year 2000 issue for the
products it has sold. Although the Company does not believe that there is a
material contingency associated with the Year 2000 project, there can be no
assurance that exposure for material contingencies will not arise.
The cost of the Year 2000 project will be expensed as incurred and is being
funded primarily through a reallocation of resources from discretionary projects
and a reduction in systems maintenance and support
54
<PAGE>
costs. Therefore, the Year 2000 project is not expected to result in any
significant incremental technology cost and is not expected to have a material
effect on the results of operations. The Company and its affiliates have
incurred and expensed approximately $54 million related to the assessment, plan
development and substantial completion of the Year 2000 project, through
December 31, 1998. The total remaining cost of the project is estimated between
$20-30 million.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Financial Statements for the Company and for the Separate Account are included
in this Prospectus, beginning immediately after the Appendices. The financial
statements of the Company and for the Separate Account should be considered only
as bearing on the ability of the Company to meet its obligations under the
Certificate. They should not be considered as bearing on the investment
performance of the assets held in the Separate Account.
55
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A
OPTIONAL BENEFITS
This Appendix is intended to provide only a very brief overview of additional
insurance benefits available by rider. The following supplemental benefits are
available for issue under the Certificates for an additional charge.
WAIVER OF PREMIUM RIDER
This Rider provides that, during periods of total disability continuing for
more than the period of time specified in the Rider, the Company will add to
the Certificate Value each month an amount selected by you or the amount
necessary to maintain the Certificate in force, whichever is greater. This
benefit is subject to the Company's maximum issue benefits. Its cost may
change yearly.
OTHER INSURED RIDER
This Rider provides a term insurance benefit for up to five Insureds. At
present, this benefit is only available for the spouse and children of the
primary Insured. The Rider includes a feature that allows the "Other
Insured" to convert the coverage to a flexible premium adjustable life
insurance Certificate.
CHILDREN'S INSURANCE RIDER
This rider provides coverage for eligible minor children. It also covers
future children, including adopted children and stepchildren.
ACCIDENTAL DEATH BENEFIT RIDER
This Rider pays an additional benefit for death resulting from a covered
accident prior to the Certificate anniversary nearest the Insured's Age 70.
OPTION TO ACCELERATE BENEFITS RIDER
This Rider permits part of the proceeds of the Certificate to be available
before death if the Insured becomes terminally ill and, depending on the
group to which the Policy is issued, may also pay part of the proceeds if
the Insured is permanently confined to a nursing home.
EXCHANGE OPTION RIDER
This Rider allows you to use the Certificate to insure a different person,
subject to Company guidelines.
EXCHANGE TO TERM INSURANCE RIDER
This Rider allows a Certificate Owner which is a corporation, a corporate
grantor trust, or a corporate assignee in the case of a split dollar
arrangement, to exchange the Certificate prior to the third Certificate
anniversary for a five-year non-convertible term insurance policy. An
exchange credit will be paid to the Certificate Owner or the corporate
assignee in the case of a corporate-sponsored collateral assignment split
dollar arrangement.
CERTAIN OF THESE RIDERS MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN ALL STATES.
A-1
<PAGE>
APPENDIX B
PAYMENT OPTIONS
PAYMENT OPTIONS
Upon Written Request, the Surrender Value or all or part of the Death Proceeds
may be placed under one or more of the payment options then offered by the
Company. If you do not make an election, the Company will pay the benefits in a
single sum. A certificate will be provided to the payee describing the payment
option selected.
If a payment option is selected, the Beneficiary may pay to the Company any
amount that would otherwise by deducted from the Death Benefit.
The amounts payable under a payment option are paid from the General Account.
These amounts are not based on the investment experience of the Separate
Account.
SELECTION OF PAYMENT OPTIONS
The amount applied under any one option for any one payee must be at least
$5,000. The periodic payment for any one payee must be at least $50. Subject to
your and/or the Beneficiary's provision, any option selection may be changed
before the Death Proceeds become payable. If you make no selection, the
Beneficiary may select an option when the Death Proceeds become payable.
B-1
<PAGE>
APPENDIX C
ILLUSTRATIONS OF SUM INSURED, CERTIFICATE VALUES
AND ACCUMULATED PREMIUMS
The tables illustrate the way in which a Certificate's Sum Insured and
Certificate Value could vary over an extended period of time.
ASSUMPTIONS
The tables illustrate a Certificate issued to a person, Age 30, under a standard
Premium Class and qualifying for the non-smoker discount, and a Certificate
issued to a person, Age 45, under a standard Premium Class and qualifying for
the non-smoker discount. The tables illustrate the guaranteed cost of insurance
rates and the current cost of insurance rates as presently in effect.
The tables illustrate the Certificate Values that would result based upon the
assumptions that no Certificate loans have been made, that you have not
requested an increase or decrease in the initial Face Amount, that no partial
withdrawals have been made, and that no transfers above 12 have been made in any
Certificate year (so that no transaction or transfer charges have been
incurred).
The tables assume that all premiums are allocated to and remain in the Separate
Account for the entire period shown, and are based on hypothetical gross
investment rates of return for the Underlying Fund (i.e., investment income and
capital gains and losses, realized or unrealized) equivalent to constant gross
(after tax) annual rates of 0%, 6% and 12%. The second column of the tables
shows the amount which would accumulate if an amount equal to the Guideline
Annual Premium were invested each year to earn interest (after taxes) at 5%
compounded annually.
The Certificate Values and Death Proceeds would be different from those shown if
the gross annual investment rates of return averaged 0%, 6% and 12% over a
period of years, but fluctuated above or below such averages for individual
Certificate years. The values would also be different depending on the
allocation of a Certificate's total Certificate Value among the Sub-Accounts of
the Separate Account, if the actual rates of return averaged 0%, 6% or 12%, but
the rates of each Underlying Fund varied above and below such averages.
DEDUCTIONS FOR CHARGES
The amounts shown for the Death Proceeds and Certificate Values take into
account the deduction from premium for the tax expense charge, the Monthly
Deduction from Certificate Value, and the monthly charge against the Separate
Account for mortality and expense risks. In both the Current Cost of Insurance
Charges tables and the Guaranteed Cost of Insurance Charges tables, the Separate
Account charge for mortality and expense risks is equivalent to an effective
annual rate of 0.90% of the average monthly value of the assets in the Separate
Account attributable to the Certificates.
EXPENSES OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
The amounts shown in the tables also take into account the Underlying Fund
advisory fees and operating expenses, which are assumed to be at an annual rate
of 0.85% of the average daily net assets of the Underlying Funds. The actual
fees and expenses of each Underlying Fund vary and, in 1998, ranged from an
annual rate of 0.32% to an annual rate of 2.19% of average daily net assets. The
fees and expenses associated with the Certificate may be more or less than 0.85%
in the aggregate, depending upon how you make allocations of Certificate Value
among the Sub-Accounts.
Until further notice, Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services, Inc.
("AFIMS") has declared a voluntary expense limitation of 1.35% of average net
assets for the Select Aggressive Growth Fund and Select Capital Appreciation
Fund, 1.50% for the Select International Equity Fund, 1.25% for the Select Value
Opportunity Fund, 1.20% for the Growth Fund and Select Growth Fund, 1.10% for
the Select Growth and
C-1
<PAGE>
Income, 1.00% for Investment Grade Income Fund and Government Bond Fund, and
0.60% for the Money Market Fund and Equity Index Fund. The total operating
expenses of these Funds of the Trust were less than their respective expense
limitations throughout 1998.
Until further notice, AFIMS has declared a voluntary expense limitation of 1.20%
of average daily net assets for the Select Strategic Growth Fund. In addition,
AFIMS has agreed to voluntarily waive its management fee to the extent that
expenses of the Select Emerging Markets Fund exceed 2.00% of the Fund's average
daily net assets, except that such waiver shall not exceed the net amount of
management fees earned by AFIMS from the Fund after subtracting fees paid by
AFIMS to a sub-adviser. These limitations may be terminated at any time.
Until further notice, the Select Value Opportunity Fund's management fee rate
has been voluntarily limited to an annual rate of 0.90% of average daily net
assets, and total expenses are limited to 1.25% of average daily net assets.
The declaration of a voluntary management fee or expense limitation in any year
does not bind the Manager to declare future expense limitations with respect to
these Funds. These limitations may be terminated at any time.
Effective May 1, 1999, Delaware International Advisers Ltd., the investment
adviser for the DGPF International Equity Series, has agreed to limit total
annual expenses of the fund to 0.95%. This limitation replaces a prior
limitation of 0.95% that expired on April 30, 1999. The new limitation will be
in effect through October 31, 1999. For fiscal year ended December 31, 1998, the
actual ratio of total annual expenses was 0.98%.
Various expenses of the Equity Income Fund and Total Return Fund were
voluntarily absorbed by INVESCO in 1998. If such expenses had not been
voluntarily absorbed, the total operating expense ratios would have been 1.17%
and 1.24%, respectively.
The Underlying Fund information above was provided by the Underlying Funds and
was not independently verified by the Company.
NET ANNUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT
Taking into account the 0.90% charge to the Separate Account and the assumed
0.85% charge for Underlying Investment Company advisory fees and operating
expenses, the gross annual rates of investment return of 0%, 6% and 12%
correspond to net annual rates of - 1.75%, 4.25% and 10.25%, respectively.
The hypothetical returns shown in the table do not reflect any charges for
income taxes against the Separate Account since no charges are currently made.
However, if in the future such charges are made, in order to produce illustrated
death benefits and cash values, the gross annual investment rate of return would
have to exceed 0%, 6% or 12% by a sufficient amount to cover the tax charges.
UPON REQUEST, THE COMPANY WILL PROVIDE A COMPARABLE ILLUSTRATION BASED UPON THE
PROPOSED INSUREDS' AGE, SEX, AND UNDERWRITING CLASSIFICATION, AND THE REQUESTED
FACE AMOUNT, SUM INSURED OPTION, AND RIDERS.
C-2
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 45
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $250,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 1
CURRENT COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HYPOTHETICAL 0%
PREMIUMS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 6% HYPOTHETICAL 12%
PAID PLUS ------------------------------ GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
INTEREST CERTIFICATE ---------------------------------- -------------------------
CERTIFICATE AT 5% SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE
YEAR PER YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2)
----------- ------------ --------- -------- -------- --------- ------------ ------- ------------ ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 4,410 65 3,450 250,000 291 3,676 250,000 518 3,903
2 9,041 2,951 6,805 250,000 3,620 7,473 250,000 4,316 8,169
3 13,903 7,934 10,065 250,000 9,263 11,395 250,000 10,704 12,836
4 19,008 12,163 13,228 250,000 14,377 15,442 250,000 16,873 17,939
5 24,368 16,296 16,296 250,000 19,621 19,621 250,000 23,525 23,525
6 29,996 19,268 19,268 250,000 23,935 23,935 250,000 29,640 29,640
7 35,906 22,138 22,138 250,000 28,382 28,382 250,000 36,334 36,334
8 42,112 24,908 24,908 250,000 32,969 32,969 250,000 43,667 43,667
9 48,627 27,576 27,576 250,000 37,701 37,701 250,000 51,705 51,705
10 55,469 30,140 30,140 250,000 42,579 42,579 250,000 60,520 60,520
11 62,652 32,682 32,682 250,000 47,723 47,723 250,000 70,353 70,353
12 70,195 35,090 35,090 250,000 53,013 53,013 250,000 81,150 81,150
13 78,114 37,361 37,361 250,000 58,452 58,452 250,000 93,019 93,019
14 86,430 39,499 39,499 250,000 64,054 64,054 250,000 106,088 106,088
15 95,161 41,496 41,496 250,000 69,820 69,820 250,000 120,492 120,492
16 104,330 43,340 43,340 250,000 75,753 75,753 250,000 136,384 136,384
17 113,956 45,054 45,054 250,000 81,883 81,883 250,000 153,957 153,957
18 124,064 46,624 46,624 250,000 88,214 88,214 250,000 173,412 173,412
19 134,677 48,039 48,039 250,000 94,752 94,752 250,000 194,975 194,975
20 145,821 49,286 49,286 250,000 101,503 101,503 250,000 218,864 218,864
Age 60 95,161 41,496 41,496 250,000 69,820 69,820 250,000 120,492 120,492
Age 65 145,821 49,286 49,286 250,000 101,503 101,503 250,000 218,864 218,864
Age 70 210,477 52,152 52,152 250,000 138,660 138,660 250,000 379,123 379,123
Age 75 292,995 47,495 47,495 250,000 183,503 183,503 250,000 637,554 637,554
<CAPTION>
CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR BENEFIT
----------- ------------
<S> <C>
1 250,000
2 250,000
3 250,000
4 250,000
5 250,000
6 250,000
7 250,000
8 250,000
9 250,000
10 250,000
11 250,000
12 250,000
13 250,000
14 250,000
15 250,000
16 250,000
17 250,000
18 250,000
19 250,000
20 267,014
Age 60 250,000
Age 65 267,014
Age 70 439,783
Age 75 682,183
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $4,200 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value.
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-3
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 45
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $250,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 1
GUARANTEED COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HYPOTHETICAL 0%
PREMIUMS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 6% HYPOTHETICAL 12%
PAID PLUS ------------------------------ GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
INTEREST CERTIFICATE ---------------------------------- -------------------------
CERTIFICATE AT 5% SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE
YEAR PER YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2)
----------- ------------ --------- -------- -------- --------- ------------ ------- ------------ ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 4,410 0 2,644 250,000 0 2,833 250,000 0 3,021
2 9,041 1,330 5,183 250,000 1,872 5,726 250,000 2,438 6,291
3 13,903 5,484 7,616 250,000 6,547 8,678 250,000 7,701 9,832
4 19,008 8,869 9,935 250,000 10,619 11,684 250,000 12,599 13,664
5 24,368 12,141 12,141 250,000 14,746 14,746 250,000 17,818 17,818
6 29,996 14,231 14,231 250,000 17,862 17,862 250,000 22,323 22,323
7 35,906 16,191 16,191 250,000 21,018 21,018 250,000 27,202 27,202
8 42,112 18,014 18,014 250,000 24,209 24,209 250,000 32,488 32,488
9 48,627 19,686 19,686 250,000 27,422 27,422 250,000 38,214 38,214
10 55,469 21,195 21,195 250,000 30,644 30,644 250,000 44,414 44,414
11 62,652 22,592 22,592 250,000 33,953 33,953 250,000 51,257 51,257
12 70,195 23,810 23,810 250,000 37,268 37,268 250,000 58,707 58,707
13 78,114 24,839 24,839 250,000 40,580 40,580 250,000 66,832 66,832
14 86,430 25,672 25,672 250,000 43,886 43,886 250,000 75,712 75,712
15 95,161 26,295 26,295 250,000 47,174 47,174 250,000 85,436 85,436
16 104,330 26,679 26,679 250,000 50,422 50,422 250,000 96,095 96,095
17 113,956 26,801 26,801 250,000 53,611 53,611 250,000 107,803 107,803
18 124,064 26,623 26,623 250,000 56,708 56,708 250,000 120,688 120,688
19 134,677 26,095 26,095 250,000 59,675 59,675 250,000 134,895 134,895
20 145,821 25,171 25,171 250,000 62,471 62,471 250,000 150,609 150,609
Age 60 95,161 26,295 26,295 250,000 47,174 47,174 250,000 85,436 85,436
Age 65 145,821 25,171 25,171 250,000 62,471 62,471 250,000 150,609 150,609
Age 70 210,477 13,032 13,032 250,000 72,707 72,707 250,000 260,185 260,185
Age 75 292,995 0 0 250,000 70,410 70,410 250,000 438,328 438,328
<CAPTION>
CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR BENEFIT
----------- ------------
<S> <C>
1 250,000
2 250,000
3 250,000
4 250,000
5 250,000
6 250,000
7 250,000
8 250,000
9 250,000
10 250,000
11 250,000
12 250,000
13 250,000
14 250,000
15 250,000
16 250,000
17 250,000
18 250,000
19 250,000
20 250,000
Age 60 250,000
Age 65 250,000
Age 70 301,814
Age 75 469,011
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $4,200 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value.
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-4
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
MALE NON-SMOKER AGE 30
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $75,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 2
CURRENT COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HYPOTHETICAL 0%
PREMIUMS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 6% HYPOTHETICAL 12%
PAID PLUS ------------------------------ GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
INTEREST CERTIFICATE ---------------------------------- -------------------------
CERTIFICATE AT 5% SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE
YEAR PER YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2)
----------- ------------ --------- -------- -------- --------- ------------ ------- ------------ ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 1,470 239 1,163 76,163 315 1,239 76,239 390 1,315
2 3,014 1,251 2,301 77,301 1,476 2,526 77,526 1,709 2,759
3 4,634 2,926 3,416 78,416 3,373 3,863 78,863 3,858 4,347
4 6,336 4,262 4,506 79,506 5,007 5,252 80,252 5,848 6,092
5 8,123 5,572 5,572 80,572 6,694 6,694 81,694 8,009 8,009
6 9,999 6,614 6,614 81,614 8,190 8,190 83,190 10,114 10,114
7 11,969 7,632 7,632 82,632 9,743 9,743 84,743 12,426 12,426
8 14,037 8,626 8,626 83,626 11,355 11,355 86,355 14,966 14,966
9 16,209 9,594 9,594 84,594 13,025 13,025 88,025 17,754 17,754
10 18,490 10,538 10,538 85,538 14,757 14,757 89,757 20,815 20,815
11 20,884 11,487 11,487 86,487 16,591 16,591 91,591 24,231 24,231
12 23,398 12,412 12,412 87,412 18,497 18,497 93,497 27,989 27,989
13 26,038 13,314 13,314 88,314 20,477 20,477 95,477 32,126 32,126
14 28,810 14,192 14,192 89,192 22,532 22,532 97,532 36,679 36,679
15 31,720 15,047 15,047 90,047 24,667 24,667 99,667 41,689 41,689
16 34,777 15,877 15,877 90,877 26,882 26,882 101,882 47,203 47,203
17 37,985 16,683 16,683 91,683 29,182 29,182 104,182 53,272 53,272
18 41,355 17,465 17,465 92,465 31,568 31,568 106,568 59,951 59,951
19 44,892 18,221 18,221 93,221 34,044 34,044 109,044 67,302 67,302
20 48,607 18,951 18,951 93,951 36,611 36,611 111,611 75,394 75,394
Age 60 97,665 24,489 24,489 99,489 67,803 67,803 142,803 217,674 217,674
Age 65 132,771 25,558 25,558 100,558 87,380 87,380 162,380 359,341 359,341
Age 70 177,576 24,833 24,833 99,833 109,533 109,533 184,533 587,281 587,281
Age 75 234,759 21,425 21,425 96,425 133,642 133,642 208,642 954,540 954,540
<CAPTION>
CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR BENEFIT
----------- ------------
<S> <C>
1 76,315
2 77,759
3 79,347
4 81,092
5 83,009
6 85,114
7 87,426
8 89,966
9 92,754
10 95,815
11 99,231
12 102,989
13 107,126
14 111,679
15 116,689
16 122,203
17 128,272
18 134,951
19 142,302
20 150,394
Age 60 292,674
Age 65 438,396
Age 70 681,246
Age 75 1,029,540
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $1,400 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value.
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-5
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
MALE NON-SMOKER AGE 30
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $75,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 2
GUARANTEED COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HYPOTHETICAL 0%
PREMIUMS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 6% HYPOTHETICAL 12%
PAID PLUS ------------------------------ GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
INTEREST CERTIFICATE ---------------------------------- -------------------------
CERTIFICATE AT 5% SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE
YEAR PER YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2)
----------- ------------ --------- -------- -------- --------- ------------ ------- ------------ ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 1,470 40 964 75,964 105 1,030 76,030 171 1,095
2 3,014 857 1,907 76,907 1,048 2,098 77,098 1,247 2,297
3 4,634 2,339 2,828 77,828 2,717 3,207 78,207 3,128 3,617
4 6,336 3,484 3,728 78,728 4,112 4,357 79,357 4,821 5,066
5 8,123 4,605 4,605 79,605 5,547 5,547 80,547 6,653 6,653
6 9,999 5,459 5,459 80,459 6,780 6,780 81,780 8,395 8,395
7 11,969 6,289 6,289 81,289 8,055 8,055 83,055 10,303 10,303
8 14,037 7,096 7,096 82,096 9,374 9,374 84,374 12,394 12,394
9 16,209 7,876 7,876 82,876 10,735 10,735 85,735 14,684 14,684
10 18,490 8,631 8,631 83,631 12,141 12,141 87,141 17,192 17,192
11 20,884 9,384 9,384 84,384 13,623 13,623 88,623 19,985 19,985
12 23,398 10,109 10,109 85,109 15,155 15,155 90,155 23,050 23,050
13 26,038 10,810 10,810 85,810 16,740 16,740 91,740 26,415 26,415
14 28,810 11,483 11,483 86,483 18,375 18,375 93,375 30,108 30,108
15 31,720 12,129 12,129 87,129 20,064 20,064 95,064 34,164 34,164
16 34,777 12,745 12,745 87,745 21,806 21,806 96,806 38,616 38,616
17 37,985 13,332 13,332 88,332 23,603 23,603 98,603 43,505 43,505
18 41,355 13,888 13,888 88,888 25,455 25,455 100,455 48,873 48,873
19 44,892 14,411 14,411 89,411 27,362 27,362 102,362 54,767 54,767
20 48,607 14,902 14,902 89,902 29,326 29,326 104,326 61,239 61,239
Age 60 97,665 17,230 17,230 92,230 51,608 51,608 126,608 173,185 173,185
Age 65 132,771 15,680 15,680 90,680 63,695 63,695 138,695 282,555 282,555
Age 70 177,576 10,763 10,763 85,763 74,549 74,549 149,549 456,075 456,075
Age 75 234,759 454 454 75,454 81,247 81,247 156,247 731,074 731,074
<CAPTION>
CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR BENEFIT
----------- ------------
<S> <C>
1 76,095
2 77,297
3 78,617
4 80,066
5 81,653
6 83,395
7 85,303
8 87,394
9 89,684
10 92,192
11 94,985
12 98,050
13 101,415
14 105,108
15 109,164
16 113,616
17 118,505
18 123,873
19 129,767
20 136,239
Age 60 248,185
Age 65 357,555
Age 70 531,075
Age 75 806,074
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $1,400 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value.
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-6
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 45
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $250,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 3
CURRENT COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HYPOTHETICAL 0%
PREMIUMS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 6% HYPOTHETICAL 12%
PAID PLUS ------------------------------ GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
INTEREST CERTIFICATE ---------------------------------- -------------------------
CERTIFICATE AT 5% SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE
YEAR PER YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2)
----------- ------------ --------- -------- -------- --------- ------------ ------- ------------ ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 13,818 7,656 11,938 250,000 8,402 12,684 250,000 9,148 13,430
2 28,327 18,161 23,627 250,000 20,401 25,867 250,000 22,731 28,197
3 43,561 32,943 35,074 250,000 37,441 39,572 250,000 42,308 44,440
4 59,557 45,216 46,281 250,000 52,756 53,821 250,000 61,244 62,309
5 76,353 57,256 57,256 250,000 68,641 68,641 250,000 81,978 81,978
6 93,989 68,004 68,004 250,000 84,057 84,057 250,000 103,596 103,596
7 112,506 78,525 78,525 250,000 100,081 100,081 260,210 127,257 127,257
8 131,950 88,828 88,828 250,000 116,658 116,658 293,978 153,152 153,152
9 152,365 98,918 98,918 250,000 133,806 133,806 326,486 181,488 181,488
10 173,801 108,762 108,762 257,765 151,535 151,535 359,138 212,483 212,483
11 196,309 118,647 118,647 272,888 170,269 170,269 391,619 246,940 246,940
12 219,943 128,273 128,273 286,048 189,647 189,647 422,912 284,656 284,656
13 244,758 137,642 137,642 297,306 209,683 209,683 452,915 325,929 325,929
14 270,814 146,758 146,758 308,191 230,396 230,396 483,832 371,087 371,087
15 298,173 155,621 155,621 317,467 251,798 251,798 513,668 420,474 420,474
16 326,899 164,222 164,222 326,801 273,884 273,884 545,029 474,439 474,439
17 357,062 172,597 172,597 333,113 296,726 296,726 572,681 533,492 533,492
18 388,733 180,737 180,737 339,786 320,322 320,322 602,205 598,060 598,060
19 421,988 188,643 188,643 345,217 344,687 344,687 630,777 668,638 668,638
20 456,905 196,319 196,319 349,448 369,840 369,840 658,316 745,769 745,769
Age 60 298,173 155,621 155,621 317,467 251,798 251,798 513,668 420,474 420,474
Age 65 456,905 196,319 196,319 349,448 369,840 369,840 658,316 745,769 745,769
Age 70 659,493 230,918 230,918 364,851 507,106 507,106 801,227 1,249,851 1,249,851
Age 75 918,052 259,634 259,634 368,680 664,813 664,813 944,034 2,024,008 2,024,008
<CAPTION>
CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR BENEFIT
----------- ------------
<S> <C>
1 250,000
2 250,000
3 250,000
4 250,000
5 250,000
6 277,638
7 330,869
8 385,944
9 442,831
10 503,585
11 567,961
12 634,782
13 704,007
14 779,282
15 857,768
16 944,134
17 1,029,640
18 1,124,354
19 1,223,607
20 1,327,469
Age 60 857,768
Age 65 1,327,469
Age 70 1,974,765
Age 75 2,874,091
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $13,160 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value.
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-7
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 45
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $250,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 3
GUARANTEED COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HYPOTHETICAL 0%
PREMIUMS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 6% HYPOTHETICAL 12%
PAID PLUS ------------------------------ GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
INTEREST CERTIFICATE ---------------------------------- -------------------------
CERTIFICATE AT 5% SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE
YEAR PER YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2)
----------- ------------ --------- -------- -------- --------- ------------ ------- ------------ ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 13,818 5,983 10,265 250,000 6,638 10,919 250,000 7,293 11,575
2 28,327 14,834 20,300 250,000 16,788 22,254 250,000 18,822 24,289
3 43,561 27,979 30,110 250,000 31,893 34,024 250,000 36,131 38,262
4 59,557 38,630 39,696 250,000 45,180 46,246 250,000 52,561 53,626
5 76,353 49,065 49,065 250,000 58,946 58,946 250,000 70,534 70,534
6 93,989 58,221 58,221 250,000 72,148 72,148 250,000 89,154 89,154
7 112,506 67,161 67,161 250,000 85,872 85,872 250,000 109,550 109,550
8 131,950 75,887 75,887 250,000 100,145 100,145 252,365 131,759 131,759
9 152,365 84,398 84,398 250,000 114,834 114,834 280,195 155,928 155,928
10 173,801 92,695 92,695 250,000 129,920 129,920 307,911 182,201 182,201
11 196,309 101,042 101,042 250,000 145,755 145,755 335,237 211,227 211,227
12 219,943 109,203 109,203 250,000 162,041 162,041 361,351 242,824 242,824
13 244,758 117,121 117,121 252,981 178,785 178,785 386,176 277,211 277,211
14 270,814 124,770 124,770 262,017 195,982 195,982 411,563 314,605 314,605
15 298,173 132,156 132,156 269,599 213,638 213,638 435,822 355,255 355,255
16 326,899 139,260 139,260 277,128 231,720 231,720 461,122 399,366 399,366
17 357,062 146,103 146,103 281,978 250,254 250,254 482,990 447,259 447,259
18 388,733 152,661 152,661 287,003 269,196 269,196 506,088 499,152 499,152
19 421,988 158,929 158,929 290,839 288,521 288,521 527,994 555,311 555,311
20 456,905 164,906 164,906 293,533 308,218 308,218 548,628 616,041 616,041
Age 60 298,173 132,156 132,156 269,599 213,638 213,638 435,822 355,255 355,255
Age 65 456,905 164,906 164,906 293,533 308,218 308,218 548,628 616,041 616,041
Age 70 659,493 190,397 190,397 300,827 411,444 411,444 650,081 999,444 999,444
Age 75 918,052 208,764 208,764 296,445 520,467 520,467 739,063 1,550,685 1,550,685
<CAPTION>
CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR BENEFIT
----------- ------------
<S> <C>
1 250,000
2 250,000
3 250,000
4 250,000
5 250,000
6 250,000
7 284,829
8 332,033
9 380,465
10 431,817
11 485,821
12 541,497
13 598,776
14 660,670
15 724,720
16 794,739
17 863,211
18 938,406
19 1,016,220
20 1,096,552
Age 60 724,720
Age 65 1,096,552
Age 70 1,579,121
Age 75 2,201,973
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $13,160 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value.
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-8
<PAGE>
APPENDIX D
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES
A separate surrender charge may be calculated upon issuance of the Certificate
and upon each increase in the Face Amount. The maximum surrender charge
calculated upon issuance of the Certificate is equal to $8.50 per thousand
dollars of the initial Face Amount plus up to 50% (less any premium expense
charge not associated with state and local premium taxes) of the Guideline
Annual Premium, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued. The
maximum surrender charge for an increase in the Face Amount is $8.50 per
thousand dollars of increase, plus up to 50% (less any premium expense charge
not associated with state and local premium taxes) of the Guideline Annual
Premium for the increase. The calculation may be summarized in the following
formula:
<TABLE>
<C> <C> <S>
Face Amount
Maximum Surrender Charge = (8.5 X ----------- ) + (up to 50% X Guideline Annual
1000 Premium)
</TABLE>
A further limitation is imposed based on the Standard Nonforfeiture Law of each
state. The maximum surrender charges upon issuance of the Certificate and upon
each increase in the Face Amount are shown in the following table. During the
first two Certificate years following issue or an increase in Face Amount, the
actual surrender charge may be less than the maximum. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- -- "Surrender Charge."
The maximum surrender charge remains level for up to the first 24 Certificate
months, reduces uniformly for the balance of the surrender charge period, and is
zero thereafter. The actual surrender charge imposed may be less than the
maximum.
The Factors used in calculating the maximum surrender charges vary with the
issue Age and Underwriting Class as indicated in the following table.
MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGE PER $1000 FACE AMOUNT
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Age at Age at
Issue or Unisex Unisex Issue or Unisex Unisex
Increase Nonsmoker Smoker Increase Nonsmoker Smoker
- --------- ------------- ----------- --------- ------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
0 14.89 41 24.90 28.00
1 14.84 42 25.40 28.70
2 15.00 43 25.95 29.45
3 15.17 44 26.55 30.25
4 15.35 45 27.15 31.10
5 15.53 46 27.85 32.00
6 15.73 47 28.55 32.95
7 15.94 48 29.30 34.00
8 16.16 49 30.10 35.10
9 16.39 50 31.00 36.30
10 16.64 51 31.95 37.55
11 16.91 52 32.95 38.90
12 17.18 53 34.05 40.35
13 17.47 54 35.25 41.95
14 17.70 55 36.50 43.60
15 18.08 56 37.85 45.35
16 18.38 57 39.35 47.25
17 18.67 58 40.95 49.30
18 17.15 18.98 59 42.70 51.50
</TABLE>
D-1
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Age at Age at
Issue or Unisex Unisex Issue or Unisex Unisex
Increase Nonsmoker Smoker Increase Nonsmoker Smoker
- --------- ------------- ----------- --------- ------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
19 17.40 19.29 60 44.60 53.85
20 17.65 19.62 61 46.60 56.40
21 17.92 19.95 62 48.85 56.34
22 18.20 20.25 63 51.25 56.26
23 18.49 20.50 64 53.85 56.18
24 18.80 20.75 65 56.03 56.10
25 19.13 21.00 66 55.90 56.01
26 19.48 21.25 67 55.74 55.90
27 19.85 21.55 68 55.58 55.76
28 20.24 21.85 69 55.41 55.63
29 20.60 22.20 70 55.27 55.49
30 20.85 22.50 71 55.12 55.38
31 21.10 22.85 72 54.96 55.29
32 21.40 23.25 73 54.85 55.23
33 21.70 23.65 74 54.75 55.19
34 22.05 24.10 75 54.64 55.16
35 22.35 24.55 76 54.52 55.10
36 22.75 25.05 77 54.36 55.01
37 23.10 25.55 78 54.18 54.86
38 23.50 26.10 79 53.97 54.68
39 23.95 26.70 80 53.75 54.49
40 24.40 27.35
</TABLE>
EXAMPLES
For the purposes of these examples, assume that a unisex, Age 35 non-smoker
purchases a $100,000 Certificate. In this example the Guideline Annual Premium
("GAP") equals $1,032.25. The maximum surrender charge is calculated as follows:
(1) Deferred Administrative Charge $850.00
($8.50/$1,000 of Face Amount)
(2) Deferred Sales Charge $516.13
(50% X GAP)
-----------
$1,366.13
Maximum surrender charge per Table (22.35 X 100) $2,235.00
During the first two Certificate years after the Date of Issue, the actual
surrender charge is the smaller of the maximum surrender charge and the
following sum:
(1) Deferred Administrative Charge ($8.50/$1,000 of Face Amount) $850.00
(2) Deferred Sales Charge Varies
(not to exceed 30% of premiums received, up to one
GAP, plus 9% of premiums received in excess of one GAP)
--------------------
Sum of (1) and (2)
D-2
<PAGE>
The maximum surrender charge is $1,366.13. All premiums are associated with the
initial Face Amount unless the Face Amount is increased.
Example 1:
Assume the Certificate Owner surrenders the Certificate in the 10th Certificate
month, having paid total premiums of $900. The actual surrender charge would be
$1,120.
Example 2:
Assume the Certificate Owner surrenders the Certificate in the 120th Certificate
month. Also assume that after the 24th Certificate month, the maximum surrender
charge decreases by 1/156 per month, thereby reaching zero at the end of the
15th Certificate year. In this example, the maximum surrender charge would be
$525.43.
D-3
<PAGE>
APPENDIX E
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
The Certificates were first offered to the public in 1995. However, the Company
may advertise "Total Return" and "Average Annual Total Return" performance
information based on the periods that the Sub-Accounts have been in existence
(Tables I (A) and I (B), and based on the periods that the Underlying Funds have
been in existence (Tables II (A) and II (B)). The results for any period prior
to the Certificates being offered will be calculated as if the Certificates had
been offered during that period of time, with all charges assumed to be those
applicable to the Sub-Accounts, the Underlying Funds, and (in Table IA and IIA)
under a "representative" Certificate that is surrendered at the end of the
applicable period. For more information on charges under the Certificates, see
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS.
In each Table in Appendix E, "One-Year Total Return" refers to the total of the
income generated by a Sub-Account, based on certain charges and assumptions as
described in the respective tables, for the one-year period ended December 31,
1998. "Average Annual Total Return" is based on the same charges and
assumptions, but reflects the hypothetical annually compounded return that would
have produced the same cumulative return if the Sub-Account's performance had
been constant over the entire period. Because average annual total returns tend
to smooth out variations in annual performance return, they are not the same as
actual year-by-year results.
Performance information may be compared, in reports and promotional literature,
to: (1) the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index ("S&P 500"), Dow Jones Industrial
Average ("DJIA"), Shearson Lehman Aggregate Bond Index or other unmanaged
indices so that investors may compare results with those of a group of unmanaged
securities widely regarded by investors as representative of the securities
markets in general; (2) other groups of variable life separate accounts or other
investment products tracked by Lipper Inc., a widely used independent research
firm which ranks mutual funds and other investment products by overall
performance, investment objectives, and assets, or tracked by other services,
companies, publications, or persons, such as Morningstar, Inc., who rank such
investment products on overall performance or other criteria; or (3) the
Consumer Price Index (a measure for inflation) to assess the real rate of return
from an investment. Unmanaged indices may assume the reinvestment of dividends
but generally do not reflect deductions for administrative and management costs
and expenses.
At times, the Company may also advertise the ratings and other information
assigned to it by independent rating organizations such as A.M. Best Company
("A.M. Best"), Moody's Investors Services, Inc. ("Moody's"), Standard & Poor's
Insurance Rating Services ("S&P") and Duff & Phelps. A.M. Best's and Moody's
ratings reflect their current opinion of the Company's relative financial
strength and operating performance in comparison to the norms of the life/health
insurance industry. S&P's and Duff & Phelps' ratings measure the ability of an
insurance company to meet its obligations under insurance policies it issues and
do not measure the ability of such companies to meet other non-policy
obligations. The ratings also do not relate to the performance of the Underlying
Portfolios.
The Company may provide information on various topics of interest to Certificate
Owners and prospective Certificate Owners in sales literature, periodic
publications or other materials. These topics may include the relationship
between sectors of the economy and the economy as a whole and its effect on
various securities markets, investment strategies and techniques (such as value
investing, market timing, dollar cost averaging, asset allocation, constant
ratio transfer and account rebalancing), the advantages and disadvantages of
investing in tax-deferred and taxable investments, customer profiles and
hypothetical purchase and investment scenarios, financial management and tax and
retirement planning, and investment alternatives to certificates of deposit and
other financial instruments.
E-1
<PAGE>
TABLE I(A)
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS FOR PERIODS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1998
SINCE INCEPTION OF THE SUB-ACCOUNTS
NET OF ALL CHARGES AND ASSUMING SURRENDER OF THE CERTIFICATE
The following performance information is based on the periods that the
Sub-Accounts have been in existence. The data is net of expenses of the
Underlying Funds, all Sub-Account charges, and all Certificate charges
(including surrender charges) for a representative Certificate. It is assumed
that the Insured is male (unisex rates), Age 36, standard (non-smoker) Premium
Class, that the Face Amount of the Certificate is $250,000, that an annual
premium payment of $3,000 (approximately one Guideline Annual Premium) was made
at the beginning of each Certificate year, that ALL premiums were allocated to
EACH Sub-Account individually, and that there was a full surrender of the
Certificate at the end of the applicable period.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TEN YEARS
ONE-YEAR OR LIFE OF
TOTAL FIVE SUB-ACCOUNT
UNDERLYING FUND RETURN YEARS (IF LESS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Select Aggressive Growth Fund -100.00% N/A -34.49%
Select Capital Appreciation Fund -100.00% N/A -36.17%
Select Value Opportunity Fund -100.00% N/A -29.83%
Select Emerging Markets Fund N/A N/A N/A
T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio N/A N/A N/A
Fidelity VIP Overseas Portfolio -100.00% N/A -35.19%
Select International Equity Fund -99.40% N/A -35.04%
DGPF International Equity Series -100.00% N/A -39.03%
Fidelity VIP Growth Portfolio -78.34% N/A -15.42%
Select Growth Fund -82.05% N/A -11.41%
Select Strategic Growth Fund N/A N/A N/A
Growth Fund -96.80% N/A -24.07%
Fidelity VIP II Index 500 Portfolio N/A N/A N/A
Equity Index Fund -88.56% N/A -14.81%
Fidelity VIP Equity-Income Portfolio -100.00% N/A -27.12%
Select Growth and Income Fund -99.45% N/A -26.28%
Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager Portfolio -100.00% N/A -29.32%
Fidelity VIP High Income Portfolio -100.00% N/A -43.17%
Investment Grade Income Fund -100.00% N/A -41.08%
Government Bond Fund -100.00% N/A -42.61%
Money Market Fund -100.00% N/A -45.03%
INVESCO VIF Equity Income Fund N/A N/A N/A
INVESCO VIF Total Return Fund N/A N/A N/A
</TABLE>
The inception dates for the Sub-Accounts are: 11/13/96 for Growth, for
Investment Grade Income, Money Market, Equity Index, Government Bond, Select
Aggressive Growth, Select Growth, Select Growth and Income, Select Value
Opportunity, Select International Equity, the Select Capital Appreciation Fund,
Fidelity VIP Equity-Income, Fidelity VIP Growth, Fidelity VIP High Income,
Fidelity VIP Overseas, Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager, DGPF International Equity.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION REFLECTS ONLY THE PERFORMANCE OF A HYPOTHETICAL
INVESTMENT DURING THE PARTICULAR TIME PERIOD ON WHICH THE CALCULATIONS ARE
BASED. ONE-YEAR TOTAL RETURN AND AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN FIGURES ARE BASED
ON HISTORICAL EARNINGS AND ARE NOT INTENDED TO INDICATE FUTURE PERFORMANCE.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES, CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF THE PORTFOLIO OF THE
UNDERLYING FUND IN WHICH A SUB-ACCOUNT INVESTS AND THE MARKET CONDITIONS DURING
THE GIVEN TIME PERIOD, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS A REPRESENTATION OF WHAT
MAY BE ACHIEVED IN THE FUTURE.
E-2
<PAGE>
TABLE I(B)
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS FOR PERIODS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1998
SINCE INCEPTION OF THE SUB-ACCOUNTS
EXCLUDING MONTHLY CERTIFICATE CHARGES AND SURRENDER CHARGES
The following performance information is based on the periods that the
Sub-Accounts have been in existence. The performance information is net of total
Underlying Fund expenses and all Sub-Account charges. THE DATA DOES NOT REFLECT
MONTHLY CHARGES UNDER THE CERTIFICATE OR SURRENDER CHARGES. It is assumed that
an annual premium payment of $3,000 (approximately one Guideline Annual Premium)
was made at the beginning of each Certificate year and that ALL premiums were
allocated to EACH Sub-Account individually.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TEN YEARS
ONE-YEAR OR LIFE OF
TOTAL FIVE SUB-ACCOUNT
UNDERLYING FUND RETURN YEARS (IF LESS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Select Aggressive Growth Fund 9.57% N/A 12.25%
Select Capital Appreciation Fund 12.86% N/A 10.96%
Select Value Opportunity Fund 3.93% N/A 15.88%
Select Emerging Markets Fund N/A N/A N/A
T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio N/A N/A N/A
Fidelity VIP Overseas Portfolio 11.74% N/A 11.71%
Select International Equity Fund 15.43% N/A 11.83%
DGPF International Equity Series 9.34% N/A 8.79%
Fidelity VIP Growth Portfolio 38.24% N/A 27.45%
Select Growth Fund 34.22% N/A 30.77%
Select Strategic Growth Fund N/A N/A N/A
Growth Fund 18.25% N/A 20.44%
Fidelity VIP II Index 500 Portfolio N/A N/A N/A
Equity Index Fund 27.18% N/A 27.96%
Fidelity VIP Equity-Income Portfolio 10.63% N/A 18.01%
Select Growth and Income Fund 15.38% N/A 18.68%
Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager Portfolio 14.01% N/A 16.27%
Fidelity VIP High Income Portfolio -5.19% N/A 5.68%
Investment Grade Income Fund 7.00% N/A 7.24%
Government Bond Fund 6.70% N/A 6.10%
Money Market Fund 4.56% N/A 4.31%
INVESCO VIF Equity Income Fund N/A N/A N/A
INVESCO VIF Total Return Fund N/A N/A N/A
</TABLE>
The inception dates for the Sub-Accounts are: 11/13/96 for Growth, Investment
Grade Income, Money Market, Equity Index, Government Bond, Select Aggressive
Growth, Select Growth, Select Growth and Income, Select Value Opportunity,
Select International Equity, Select Capital Appreciation, Fidelity VIP
Equity-Income, Fidelity VIP Growth, Fidelity VIP High Income, Fidelity VIP
Overseas, Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager, DGPF International Equity.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION REFLECTS ONLY THE PERFORMANCE OF A HYPOTHETICAL
INVESTMENT DURING THE PARTICULAR TIME PERIOD ON WHICH THE CALCULATIONS ARE
BASED. ONE-YEAR TOTAL RETURN AND AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN FIGURES ARE BASED
ON HISTORICAL EARNINGS AND ARE NOT INTENDED TO INDICATE FUTURE PERFORMANCE.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES, CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF THE PORTFOLIO OF THE
UNDERLYING FUND IN WHICH A SUB-ACCOUNT INVESTS AND THE MARKET CONDITIONS DURING
THE GIVEN TIME PERIOD, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS A REPRESENTATION OF WHAT
MAY BE ACHIEVED IN THE FUTURE.
E-3
<PAGE>
TABLE II(A)
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS FOR PERIODS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1998
SINCE INCEPTION OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
NET OF ALL CHARGES AND ASSUMING SURRENDER OF THE CERTIFICATE
The following performance information is based on the periods that the
Underlying Funds have been in existence. The data is net of expenses of the
Underlying Funds, all Sub-Account charges, and all Certificate charges
(including surrender charges) for a representative Certificate. It is assumed
that the Insured is male (unisex rates), Age 36, standard (nonsmoker) Premium
Class, that the Face Amount of the Certificate is $250,000, that an annual
premium payment of $3,000 (approximately one Guideline Annual Premium) was made
at the beginning of each Certificate year, that ALL premiums were allocated to
EACH Sub-Account individually, and that there was a full surrender of the
Certificate at the end of the applicable period.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TEN YEARS
ONE-YEAR OR LIFE OF
TOTAL FIVE FUND (IF
UNDERLYING FUND RETURN YEARS LESS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Select Aggressive Growth Fund -100.00% 9.17% 13.18%
Select Capital Appreciation Fund -100.00% N/A 8.64%
Select Value Opportunity Fund -100.00% 7.27% 9.35%
Select Emerging Markets Fund N/A N/A -100.0%
T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio -100.00% N/A 2.94%
Fidelity VIP Overseas Portfolio -100.00% 3.89% 6.39%
Select International Equity Fund -99.40% N/A 5.24%
DGPF International Equity Series -100.00% 4.74% 6.08%
Fidelity VIP Growth Portfolio -78.34% 15.88% 15.88%
Select Growth Fund -82.05% 16.29% 14.25%
Select Strategic Growth Fund N/A N/A -100.00%
Growth Fund -96.80% 13.17% 13.41%
Fidelity VIP II Index 500 Portfolio -88.58% 17.86% 16.22%
Equity Index Fund -88.56% 17.52% 16.62%
Fidelity VIP Equity-Income Portfolio -100.00% 12.93% 12.03%
Select Growth and Income Fund -99.45% 11.99% 10.59%
Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager Portfolio -100.00% 6.00% 9.16%
Fidelity VIP High Income Portfolio -100.00% 3.00% 7.41%
Investment Grade Income Fund -100.00% 1.16% 5.46%
Government Bond Fund -100.00% 0.20% 2.45%
Money Market Fund -100.00% -0.58% 1.81%
INVESCO VIF Equity Income Fund -100.00% N/A 13.80%
INVESCO VIF Total Return Fund -100.00% N/A 7.59%
</TABLE>
The inception dates for the Underlying Funds are: 4/29/85 for Growth, Investment
Grade Income, and Money Market; 9/28/90 for Equity Index; 8/26/91 for Government
Bond; 8/21/92 for Select Aggressive Growth, Select Growth, and Select Growth and
Income; 4/30/93 for Select Value Opportunity; 5/2/94 for Select International
Equity; 4/28/95 for Select Capital Appreciation; 10/9/86 for Fidelity VIP
Equity-Income and Fidelity VIP Growth; 9/19/85 for Fidelity VIP High Income;
1/28/87 for Fidelity VIP Overseas; 9/6/89 for Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager;
10/29/92 for DGPF International Equity; 3/31/94 for the T. Rowe Price
International Stock; 8/10/94 for INVESCO VIF Equity Income; 6/2/94 for INVESCO
VIF Total Return, 2/20/98 for Select Emerging Markets and Select Strategic
Growth; and 8/27/92 for Fidelity VIP II Index 500.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION REFLECTS ONLY THE PERFORMANCE OF A HYPOTHETICAL
INVESTMENT DURING THE PARTICULAR TIME PERIOD ON WHICH THE CALCULATIONS ARE
BASED. ONE-YEAR TOTAL RETURN AND AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN FIGURES ARE BASED
ON HISTORICAL EARNINGS AND ARE NOT INTENDED TO INDICATE FUTURE PERFORMANCE.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES, CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF THE PORTFOLIO OF THE
UNDERLYING FUND IN WHICH A SUB-ACCOUNT INVESTS AND THE MARKET CONDITIONS DURING
THE GIVEN TIME PERIOD, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS A REPRESENTATION OF WHAT
MAY BE ACHIEVED IN THE FUTURE.
E-4
<PAGE>
TABLE II(B)
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS FOR PERIODS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1998
SINCE INCEPTION OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
EXCLUDING MONTHLY CERTIFICATE CHARGES AND SURRENDER CHARGES
The following performance information is based on the periods that the
Underlying Funds have been in existence. The performance information is net of
total Underlying Fund expenses and all Sub-Account charges. THE DATA DOES NOT
REFLECT MONTHLY CHARGES UNDER THE CERTIFICATE OR SURRENDER CHARGES. It is
assumed that an annual premium payment of $3,000 (approximately one Guideline
Annual Premium) was made at the beginning of each Certificate year and that ALL
premiums were allocated to EACH Sub-Account individually.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TEN YEARS
ONE-YEAR OR LIFE OF
TOTAL FIVE FUND (IF
UNDERLYING FUND RETURN YEARS LESS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Select Aggressive Growth Fund 9.57% 13.96% 17.05%
Select Capital Appreciation Fund 12.86% N/A 19.29%
Select Value Opportunity Fund 3.93% 12.07% 13.68%
Select Emerging Markets Fund N/A N/A -22.07%
T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio 14.82% N/A 8.67%
Fidelity VIP Overseas Portfolio 11.74% 8.71% 9.09%
Select International Equity Fund 15.43% N/A 11.25%
DGPF International Equity Series 9.34% 9.55% 10.14%
Fidelity VIP Growth Portfolio 38.24% 20.64% 18.34%
Select Growth Fund 34.22% 21.05% 18.11%
Select Strategic Growth Fund N/A N/A -3.23%
Growth Fund 18.25% 17.94% 15.93%
Fidelity VIP II Index 500 Portfolio 27.16% 22.61% 20.07%
Equity Index Fund 27.18% 22.28% 19.60%
Fidelity VIP Equity-Income Portfolio 10.63% 17.70% 14.58%
Select Growth and Income Fund 15.38% 16.76% 14.49%
Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager Portfolio 14.01% 10.80% 11.96%
Fidelity VIP High Income Portfolio -5.19% 7.82% 10.08%
Investment Grade Income Fund 7.00% 5.99% 8.19%
Government Bond Fund 6.70% 5.04% 6.04%
Money Market Fund 4.56% 4.27% 4.67%
INVESCO VIF Industrial Income Fund 14.26% N/A 20.54%
INVESCO VIF Total Return Fund 8.57% N/A 13.84%
</TABLE>
The inception dates for the Underlying Funds are: 4/29/85 for Growth, Investment
Grade Income and Money Market; 9/28/90 for Equity Index; 8/26/91 for Government
Bond; 8/21/92 for Select Aggressive Growth, Select Growth, and Select Growth and
Income; 4/30/93 for Select Value Opportunity; 5/2/94 for Select International
Equity; 4/28/95 for Select Capital Appreciation; 10/9/86 for Fidelity VIP
Equity-Income and Fidelity VIP Growth; 9/19/85 for Fidelity VIP High Income;
1/28/87 for Fidelity VIP Overseas; 9/6/89 for Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager;
10/29/92 for DGPF International Equity; 3/31/94 for T. Rowe Price International
Stock; 8/10/94 for INVESCO VIF Equity Income; 6/2/94 for INVESCO VIF Total
Return; 2/20/98 for Select Emerging Markets and Select Strategic Growth; and
8/27/92 for Fidelity VIP II Index 500.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION REFLECTS ONLY THE PERFORMANCE OF A HYPOTHETICAL
INVESTMENT DURING THE PARTICULAR TIME PERIOD ON WHICH THE CALCULATIONS ARE
BASED. ONE-YEAR TOTAL RETURN AND AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN FIGURES ARE BASED
ON HISTORICAL EARNINGS AND ARE NOT INTENDED TO INDICATE FUTURE PERFORMANCE.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES, CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF THE PORTFOLIO OF THE
UNDERLYING FUND IN WHICH A SUB-ACCOUNT INVESTS AND THE MARKET CONDITIONS DURING
THE GIVEN TIME PERIOD, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS A REPRESENTATION OF WHAT
MAY BE ACHIEVED IN THE FUTURE.
E-5
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA
FINANCIAL LIFE
INSURANCE COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1998
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Shareholder of
First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related
consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholder's equity
and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries (the
"Company") at December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the results of their operations
and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December
31, 1998, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management; our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with
generally accepted auditing standards which require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed
above.
/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 2, 1999, except for paragraph 2 of Note 18 and Note 20,
which are as of March 19, 1999 and April 1, 1999, respectively
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
----------------------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
REVENUES
Premiums................................... $2,303.9 $2,311.0 $2,236.3
Universal life and investment product
policy fees.............................. 296.6 237.3 197.2
Net investment income...................... 613.7 641.8 670.8
Net realized investment gains.............. 62.6 76.5 66.8
Other income............................... 142.6 117.6 108.4
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues......................... 3,419.4 3,384.2 3,279.5
-------- -------- --------
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES
Policy benefits, claims, losses and loss
adjustment expenses...................... 2,050.2 2,004.6 1,957.0
Policy acquisition expenses................ 452.8 425.1 470.1
Sales practice litigation.................. 31.0 -- --
Loss from exiting reinsurance pools........ 25.3 -- --
Loss from cession of disability income
business................................. -- 53.9 --
Restructuring costs........................ 13.0 -- --
Other operating expenses................... 559.0 523.7 503.2
-------- -------- --------
Total benefits, losses and expenses.... 3,131.3 3,007.3 2,930.3
-------- -------- --------
Income before federal income taxes............. 288.1 376.9 349.2
-------- -------- --------
FEDERAL INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)
Current.................................... 67.6 83.3 96.8
Deferred................................... (15.4) 14.2 (15.7)
-------- -------- --------
Total federal income tax expense....... 52.2 97.5 81.1
-------- -------- --------
Income before minority interest................ 235.9 279.4 268.1
Minority interest.......................... (55.0) (79.4) (74.6)
-------- -------- --------
Net income..................................... $ 180.9 $ 200.0 $ 193.5
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-1
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
-------------------------------------------------------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Investments:
Fixed maturities at fair value (amortized cost of
$7,520.8 and $6,992.8)............................. $ 7,683.9 $ 7,253.5
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $253.1 and
$341.1)............................................ 397.1 479.0
Mortgage loans...................................... 562.3 567.5
Real estate......................................... 20.4 50.3
Policy loans........................................ 154.3 141.9
Other long-term investments......................... 142.7 148.3
--------- ---------
Total investments............................... 8,960.7 8,640.5
--------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents............................. 504.0 213.9
Accrued investment income............................. 141.0 141.8
Deferred policy acquisition costs..................... 1,161.2 965.5
--------- ---------
Reinsurance receivables:
Future policy benefits.............................. 322.6 307.1
Outstanding claims, losses and loss adjustment
expenses........................................... 652.2 626.7
Other............................................... 161.6 106.4
--------- ---------
Total reinsurance receivables................... 1,136.4 1,040.2
--------- ---------
Deferred federal income taxes......................... 19.4 --
Premiums, accounts and notes receivable............... 510.5 554.4
Other assets.......................................... 530.6 373.0
Closed Block assets................................... 803.1 806.7
Separate account assets............................... 13,697.7 9,755.4
--------- ---------
Total assets.................................... $27,464.6 $22,491.4
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
LIABILITIES
Policy liabilities and accruals:
Future policy benefits.............................. $ 2,802.2 $ 2,598.5
Outstanding claims, losses and loss adjustment
expenses........................................... 2,815.9 2,825.0
Unearned premiums................................... 843.2 846.8
Contractholder deposit funds and other policy
liabilities........................................ 2,637.0 1,852.7
--------- ---------
Total policy liabilities and accruals........... 9,098.3 8,123.0
--------- ---------
Expenses and taxes payable............................ 681.9 662.6
Reinsurance premiums payable.......................... 50.2 37.7
Short-term debt....................................... 221.3 33.0
Deferred federal income taxes......................... -- 12.9
Long-term debt........................................ -- 2.6
Closed Block liabilities.............................. 872.0 885.6
Separate account liabilities.......................... 13,691.5 9,749.7
--------- ---------
Total liabilities............................... 24,615.2 19,507.1
--------- ---------
Minority interest..................................... 532.9 748.9
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 13 and 18)
SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
Common stock, $10 par value, 1 million shares
authorized, 500,000 shares issued and outstanding... 5.0 5.0
Additional paid-in capital............................ 444.0 453.7
Accumulated other comprehensive income................ 169.2 209.3
Retained earnings..................................... 1,698.3 1,567.4
--------- ---------
Total shareholder's equity...................... 2,316.5 2,235.4
--------- ---------
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity...... $27,464.6 $22,491.4
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-2
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
----------------------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
COMMON STOCK................................... $ 5.0 $ 5.0 $ 5.0
-------- -------- --------
ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL
Balance at beginning of period............. 453.7 392.4 392.4
Contributed from parent.................... -- 61.3 --
Loss on change of interest -- Allmerica
P&C...................................... (9.7) -- --
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of period................... 444.0 453.7 392.4
-------- -------- --------
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Net unrealized appreciation on investments:
Balance at beginning of period............. 209.3 131.4 153.0
Appreciation (depreciation) during the
period:
Net (depreciation) appreciation on
available-for-sale securities............ (82.4) 170.9 (35.1)
Benefit (provision) for deferred federal
income taxes............................. 28.9 (59.8) 11.8
Minority interest.......................... 13.4 (33.2) 1.7
-------- -------- --------
(40.1) 77.9 (21.6)
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of period................... 169.2 209.3 131.4
-------- -------- --------
RETAINED EARNINGS
Balance at beginning of period............. 1,567.4 1,367.4 1,173.9
Net income................................. 180.9 200.0 193.5
Dividend to shareholder.................... (50.0) -- --
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of period................... 1,698.3 1,567.4 1,367.4
-------- -------- --------
Total shareholder's equity............. $2,316.5 $2,235.4 $1,896.2
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-3
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
-------------------------------------------- ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income.................................. $180.9 $200.0 $193.5
------ ------ ------
Other comprehensive income:
Net (depreciation) appreciation on
available-for-sale securities........... (82.4) 170.9 (35.1)
Benefit (provision) for deferred federal
income taxes............................ 28.9 (59.8) 11.8
Minority interest......................... 13.4 (33.2) 1.7
------ ------ ------
Other comprehensive income.............. (40.1) 77.9 (21.6)
------ ------ ------
Comprehensive income...................... $140.8 $277.9 $171.9
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-4
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
-------------------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income.............................. $ 180.9 $ 200.0 $ 193.5
Adjustments to reconcile net income to
net cash provided by operating
activities:
Minority interest................... 55.0 79.4 74.6
Net realized gains.................. (62.7) (77.8) (66.8)
Net amortization and depreciation... 20.7 31.6 44.7
Deferred federal income taxes....... (15.4) 14.2 (15.7)
Loss from exiting reinsurance
pools............................... 25.3 -- --
Sales practice litigation expense... 31.0 -- --
Payment related to exiting
reinsurance pools................... (30.3) -- --
Loss from cession of disability
income business..................... -- 53.9 --
Payment related to cession of
disability income business.......... -- (207.0) --
Change in deferred acquisition
costs............................... (185.8) (189.7) (73.9)
Change in premiums and notes
receivable, net of reinsurance
payable............................. 56.7 (15.1) (16.8)
Change in accrued investment
income.............................. 0.8 7.1 16.7
Change in policy liabilities and
accruals, net....................... 168.1 (134.9) (184.3)
Change in reinsurance receivable.... (115.4) 27.2 123.8
Change in expenses and taxes
payable............................. (3.3) 49.4 26.0
Separate account activity, net...... (48.5) -- 5.2
Other, net.......................... (63.8) 20.4 38.5
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in)
operating activities................ 13.3 (141.3) 165.5
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from disposals and maturities
of available-for-sale fixed
maturities............................. 1,929.1 2,892.9 3,985.8
Proceeds from disposals of equity
securities............................. 285.3 162.7 228.7
Proceeds from disposals of other
investments............................ 120.8 116.3 99.3
Proceeds from mortgages matured or
collected.............................. 171.2 204.7 176.9
Purchase of available-for-sale fixed
maturities............................. (2,588.4) (2,596.0) (3,771.1)
Purchase of equity securities........... (119.9) (67.0) (90.9)
Purchase of other investments........... (274.4) (175.0) (168.0)
Capital expenditures.................... (0.7) (15.3) (12.8)
Purchase of minority interest in
Citizens Corporation................... (195.9) -- --
Other investing activities, net......... 5.1 1.3 4.3
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by
investing activities................ (667.8) 524.6 452.2
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Deposits and interest credited to
contractholder deposit funds........... 1,419.2 457.6 268.7
Withdrawals from contractholder deposit
funds.................................. (625.0) (647.1) (905.0)
Change in short-term debt............... 188.3 (5.4) 10.4
Change in long-term debt................ (2.6) (0.1) (0.1)
Dividend paid to parent................. (50.0) -- --
Dividends paid to minority
shareholders........................... -- (9.4) (3.9)
Additional paid-in capital.............. -- 0.1 --
Subsidiary treasury stock purchased, at
cost................................... (1.0) (140.0) (42.0)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in)
financing activities................ 928.9 (344.3) (671.9)
-------- -------- --------
Net change in cash and cash equivalents..... 274.4 39.0 (54.2)
Net change in cash held in the Closed
Block...................................... 15.7 (1.0) (6.5)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of
period..................................... 213.9 175.9 236.6
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period.... $ 504.0 $ 213.9 $ 175.9
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Interest paid............................... $ 7.3 $ 3.6 $ 18.6
Income taxes paid........................... $ 133.5 $ 66.3 $ 72.0
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-5
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements of First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company ("FAFLIC", or the "Company"), a wholly owned subsidiary of
Allmerica Financial Corporation ("AFC"), include the accounts of its wholly
owned life insurance subsidiary Allmerica Financial Life Insurance and Annuity
Company ("AFLIAC"), its non-insurance subsidiaries (principally brokerage and
investment advisory subsidiaries), and Allmerica Property and Casualty
Companies, Inc. ("Allmerica P&C") (a 70.06%-owned non-insurance holding
company). The Closed Block (Note 1B) assets and liabilities at December 31, 1998
and 1997, and its results of operations subsequent to demutualization are
presented in the consolidated financial statements as single line items. Unless
specifically stated, all disclosures contained herein supporting the
consolidated financial statements at December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the years
then ended exclude the Closed Block related amounts. All significant
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
On December 3, 1998, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common stock of
Citizens Corporation (formerly an 82.5% owned non-insurance subsidiary of
Hanover, a wholly owned subsidiary of Allmerica P&C) that it did not already own
in exchange for cash of $195.9 million (Note 3). The acquisition has been
recognized as a purchase. The minority interest acquired totaled $158.5 million.
A total of $40.8 million representing the excess of the purchase price over the
fair values of the net assets acquired, net of deferred taxes, has been
allocated to goodwill and is being amortized over a 40-year period.
Allmerica P&C and a wholly owned subsidiary of AFC merged on July 16, 1997.
Through the merger, AFC acquired all of the outstanding common stock of
Allmerica P&C that it did not already own in exchange for cash and stock. The
merger has been accounted for as a purchase. A total of $90.6 million,
representing the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net
assets acquired, net of deferred taxes, has been allocated to goodwill and is
being amortized over a 40-year period. Additional information pertaining to the
merger agreement is included in Note 2, significant transactions.
Minority interest relates to the Company's investment in Allmerica P&C and its
only significant subsidiary, The Hanover Insurance Company ("Hanover").
Hanover's wholly owned subsidiary is Citizens Corporation, the holding company
for Citizens Insurance Company of America ("Citizens"). Minority interest also
includes an amount related to the minority interest in Citizens Corporation.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and
the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
B. CLOSED BLOCK
The Company established and began operating a closed block (the "Closed Block")
for the benefit of the participating policies included therein, consisting of
certain individual life insurance participating policies, individual deferred
annuity contracts and supplementary contracts not involving life contingencies
which were in force as of FAFLIC's demutualization on October 16, 1995; such
policies constitute the "Closed Block Business". The purpose of the Closed Block
is to protect the policy dividend expectations of such FAFLIC dividend paying
policies and contracts. Unless the Commissioner consents to an earlier
termination, the Closed Block will continue to be in effect until the date none
of the Closed Block policies are in force. FAFLIC allocated to the Closed Block
assets in an amount that is expected to produce cash flows which, together with
future revenues from the Closed Block Business, are reasonably sufficient to
support the Closed Block Business, including provision for payment of policy
benefits, certain future expenses and taxes and for
F-6
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
continuation of policyholder dividend scales payable in 1994 so long as the
experience underlying such dividend scales continues. The Company expects that
the factors underlying such experience will fluctuate in the future and
policyholder dividend scales for Closed Block Business will be set accordingly.
Although the assets and income allocated to the Closed Block inure solely to the
benefit of the holders of policies included in the Closed Block, the excess of
Closed Block liabilities over Closed Block assets as measured on a GAAP basis
represent the expected future post-tax income from the Closed Block which may be
recognized in income over the period the policies and contracts in the Closed
Block remain in force.
If the actual income from the Closed Block in any given period equals or exceeds
the expected income for such period as determined at the inception of the Closed
Block, the expected income would be recognized in income for that period.
Further, any excess of the actual income over the expected income would also be
recognized in income to the extent that the aggregate expected income for all
prior periods exceeded the aggregate actual income. Any remaining excess of
actual income over expected income would be accrued as a liability for
policyholder dividends in the Closed Block to be paid to the Closed Block
policyholders. This accrual for future dividends effectively limits the actual
Closed Block income recognized in income to the Closed Block income expected to
emerge from operation of the Closed Block as determined at inception.
If, over the period the policies and contracts in the Closed Block remain in
force, the actual income from the Closed Block is less than the expected income
from the Closed Block, only such actual income (which could reflect a loss)
would be recognized in income. If the actual income from the Closed Block in any
given period is less than the expected income for that period and changes in
dividends scales are inadequate to offset the negative performance in relation
to the expected performance, the income inuring to shareholders of the Company
will be reduced. If a policyholder dividend liability had been previously
established in the Closed Block because the actual income to the relevant date
had exceeded the expected income to such date, such liability would be reduced
by this reduction in income (but not below zero) in any periods in which the
actual income for that period is less than the expected income for such period.
C. VALUATION OF INVESTMENTS
In accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities"
("Statement No. 115"), the Company is required to classify its investments into
one of three categories: held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading. The
Company determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time
of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date.
Marketable equity securities and debt securities are classified as
available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value,
with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in a separate
component of shareholder's equity. The amortized cost of debt securities is
adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity.
Such amortization is included in investment income.
Mortgage loans on real estate are stated at unpaid principal balances, net of
unamortized discounts and reserves. Reserves on mortgage loans are based on
losses expected by the Company to be realized on transfers of mortgage loans to
real estate (upon foreclosure), on the disposition or settlement of mortgage
loans and on mortgage loans which the Company believes may not be collectible in
full. In establishing reserves, the Company considers, among other things, the
estimated fair value of the underlying collateral.
Fixed maturities and mortgage loans that are delinquent are placed on
non-accrual status, and thereafter interest income is recognized only when cash
payments are received.
Policy loans are carried principally at unpaid principal balances.
F-7
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
During 1997, the Company adopted a plan to dispose of all real estate assets by
the end of 1998. As of December 31, 1998, there were 7 properties remaining in
the Company's real estate portfolio, all of which are being actively marketed.
As a result of the plan, real estate held by the Company and real estate joint
ventures were written down to the estimated fair value less costs of disposal.
Depreciation is not recorded on these assets while they are held for disposal.
Realized investment gains and losses, other than those related to separate
accounts for which the Company does not bear the investment risk, are reported
as a component of revenues based upon specific identification of the investment
assets sold. When an other-than-temporary impairment of the value of a specific
investment or a group of investments is determined, a realized investment loss
is recorded. Changes in the valuation allowance for mortgage loans are included
in realized investment gains or losses.
D. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into transactions involving
various types of financial instruments, including debt, investments such as
fixed maturities, mortgage loans and equity securities, investment and loan
commitments, swap contracts and interest rate futures contracts. These
instruments involve credit risk and also may be subject to risk of loss due to
interest rate fluctuation. The Company evaluates and monitors each financial
instrument individually and, when appropriate, obtains collateral or other
security to minimize losses.
Derivative financial instruments are accounted for under three different
methods: fair value accounting, deferral accounting and accrual accounting.
Interest rate swap contracts used to hedge interest rate risk are accounted for
using a combination of the fair value method and accrual method, with changes in
fair value reported in unrealized gains and losses in equity consistent with the
underlying hedged security, and the net payment or receipt on the swaps reported
in net investment income. Foreign currency swap contracts used to hedge foreign
currency exchange risk are accounted for using a combination of the fair value
method and accrual method, with changes in fair value reported in unrealized
gains and losses in equity consistent with the underlying hedged security, and
the net payment or receipt on the swaps reported in net investment income.
Futures contracts used to hedge interest rate risk are accounted for using the
deferral method, with gains and losses deferred in unrealized gains and losses
in equity and recognized in earnings in conjunction with the earnings
recognition of the underlying hedged item. Default swap contracts entered into
for investment purposes are accounted for using the fair value method, with
changes in fair value, if any, reported in realized investment gains and losses
in earnings. Premium paid to the Company on default swap contracts is reported
in net investment income in earnings. Other swap contracts entered into for
investment purposes are accounted for using the fair value method, with changes
in fair value reported in realized investment gains and losses in earnings. Any
ineffective swaps or futures hedges are recognized currently in realized
investment gains and losses in earnings.
E. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, amounts due from banks and
highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three
months or less.
F. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS
Acquisition costs consist of commissions, underwriting costs and other costs,
which vary with, and are primarily related to, the production of revenues.
Property and casualty, group life and group health insurance business
acquisition costs are deferred and amortized over the terms of the insurance
policies. Acquisition costs related to universal life products, variable
annuities and contractholder deposit funds are deferred and amortized in
proportion to total estimated gross profits from investment yields, mortality,
surrender charges and expense margins over the expected life of the contracts.
This amortization is reviewed annually and adjusted retrospectively when the
Company revises its estimate of current or future gross profits to be realized
F-8
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
from this group of products, including realized and unrealized gains and losses
from investments. Acquisition costs related to fixed annuities and other life
insurance products are deferred and amortized, generally in proportion to the
ratio of annual revenue to the estimated total revenues over the contract
periods based upon the same assumptions used in estimating the liability for
future policy benefits.
Deferred acquisition costs for each life product and property and casualty line
of business are reviewed to determine if they are recoverable from future
income, including investment income. If such costs are determined to be
unrecoverable, they are expensed at the time of determination. Although
realization of deferred policy acquisition costs is not assured, the Company
believes it is more likely than not that all of these costs will be realized.
The amount of deferred policy acquisition costs considered realizable, however,
could be reduced in the near term if the estimates of gross profits or total
revenues discussed above are reduced. The amount of amortization of deferred
policy acquisition costs could be revised in the near term if any of the
estimates discussed above are revised.
G. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less
accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided using the
straight-line or accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the
related assets which generally range from 3 to 30 years. Amortization of
leasehold improvements is provided using the straight-line method over the
lesser of the term of the leases or the estimated useful life of the
improvements.
H. SEPARATE ACCOUNTS
Separate account assets and liabilities represent segregated funds administered
and invested by the Company for the benefit of certain pension, variable annuity
and variable life insurance contractholders. Assets consist principally of
bonds, common stocks, mutual funds, and short-term obligations at market value.
The investment income, gains and losses of these accounts generally accrue to
the contractholders and, therefore, are not included in the Company's net
income. Appreciation and depreciation of the Company's interest in the separate
accounts, including undistributed net investment income, is reflected in
shareholder's equity or net investment income.
I. POLICY LIABILITIES AND ACCRUALS
Future policy benefits are liabilities for life, health and annuity products.
Such liabilities are established in amounts adequate to meet the estimated
future obligations of policies in force. The liabilities associated with
traditional life insurance products are computed using the net level premium
method for individual life and annuity policies, and are based upon estimates as
to future investment yield, mortality and withdrawals that include provisions
for adverse deviation. Future policy benefits for individual life insurance and
annuity policies are computed using interest rates ranging from 2 1/2% to 7 1/4%
for life insurance and 2 1/2% to 9 1/2% for annuities. Estimated liabilities are
established for group life and health policies that contain experience rating
provisions. Mortality, morbidity and withdrawal assumptions for all policies are
based on the Company's own experience and industry standards. Liabilities for
universal life include deposits received from customers and investment earnings
on their fund balances, less administrative charges. Universal life fund
balances are also assessed mortality and surrender charges.
Liabilities for outstanding claims, losses and loss adjustment expenses ("LAE")
are estimates of payments to be made on property and casualty and health
insurance for reported losses and LAE and estimates of losses and LAE incurred
but not reported. These liabilities are determined using case basis evaluations
and statistical analyses and represent estimates of the ultimate cost of all
losses incurred but not paid. These estimates are continually reviewed and
adjusted as necessary; such adjustments are reflected in current operations.
Estimated amounts of salvage and subrogation on unpaid property and casualty
losses are deducted from the liability for unpaid claims.
F-9
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Premiums for property and casualty, group life, and accident and health
insurance are reported as earned on a pro-rata basis over the contract period.
The unexpired portion of these premiums is recorded as unearned premiums.
Contractholder deposit funds and other policy liabilities include investment
related products such as guaranteed investment contracts, deposit administration
funds and immediate participation guarantee funds and consist of deposits
received from customers and investment earnings on their fund balances.
All policy liabilities and accruals are based on the various estimates discussed
above. Although the adequacy of these amounts cannot be assured, the Company
believes that it is more likely than not that policy liabilities and accruals
will be sufficient to meet future obligations of policies in force. The amount
of liabilities and accruals, however, could be revised in the near term if the
estimates discussed above are revised.
J. PREMIUM AND FEE REVENUE AND RELATED EXPENSES
Premiums for individual life and health insurance and individual and group
annuity products, excluding universal life and investment-related products, are
considered revenue when due. Property and casualty and group life, accident and
health insurance premiums are recognized as revenue over the related contract
periods. Benefits, losses and related expenses are matched with premiums,
resulting in their recognition over the lives of the contracts. This matching is
accomplished through the provision for future benefits, estimated and unpaid
losses and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. Revenues for
investment-related products consist of net investment income and contract
charges assessed against the fund values. Related benefit expenses primarily
consist of net investment income credited to the fund values after deduction for
investment and risk charges. Revenues for universal life products consist of net
investment income, and mortality, administration and surrender charges assessed
against the fund values. Related benefit expenses include universal life benefit
claims in excess of fund values and net investment income credited to universal
life fund values. Certain policy charges that represent compensation for
services to be provided in future periods are deferred and amortized over the
period benefited using the same assumptions used to amortize capitalized
acquisition costs.
K. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
AFC and its domestic subsidiaries file a consolidated United States federal
income tax return. Entities included within the consolidated group are
segregated into either a life insurance or non-life insurance company subgroup.
The consolidation of these subgroups is subject to certain statutory
restrictions on the percentage of eligible non-life tax losses that can be
applied to offset life company taxable income. Prior to the merger on July 16,
1997, Allmerica P&C and its subsidiaries filed a separate United States federal
income tax return.
The Board of Directors has delegated to AFC management, the development and
maintenance of appropriate federal income tax allocation policies and
procedures, which are subject to written agreement between the companies. The
Federal income tax for all subsidiaries in the consolidated return of AFC is
calculated on a separate return basis. Any current tax liability is paid to AFC.
Tax benefits resulting from taxable operating losses or credits of AFC's
subsidiaries are not reimbursed to the subsidiary until such losses or credits
can be utilized by the subsidiary on a separate return basis.
Deferred income taxes are generally recognized when assets and liabilities have
different values for financial statement and tax reporting purposes, and for
other temporary taxable and deductible differences as defined by Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes ("Statement
No. 109"). These differences result primarily from loss and LAE reserves, policy
reserves, policy acquisition expenses, and unrealized appreciation or
depreciation on investments.
F-10
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
L. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("Statement No. 133"), which establishes
accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments. Statement No. 133
requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or
liabilities at fair value in the statement of financial position, and
establishes special accounting for the following three types of hedges: fair
value hedges, cash flow hedges, and hedges of foreign currency exposures of net
investments in foreign operations. This statement is effective for fiscal years
beginning after June 15, 1999. The Company is currently assessing the impact of
the adoption of Statement No. 133.
In March 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ("AICPA")
issued Statement of Position 98-1, "Accounting for the Cost of Computer Software
Developed or Obtained for Internal Use" ("SoP 98-1"). SoP 98-1 requires that
certain costs incurred in developing internal-use computer software be
capitalized and provides guidance for determining whether computer software is
to be considered for internal use. This statement is effective for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 1998. In the second quarter, the Company adopted
SoP 98-1 effective January 1, 1998, resulting in an increase in pre-tax income
of $12.4 million through December 31, 1998. The adoption of SOP 98-1 did not
have a material effect on the results of operations or financial position for
the three months ended March 31, 1998.
In December 1997, the AICPA issued Statement of Position 97-3, "Accounting by
Insurance and Other Enterprises for Insurance-Related Assessments" ("SoP 97-3").
SoP 97-3 provides guidance on when a liability should be recognized for guaranty
fund and other assessments and how to measure the liability. This statement
allows for the discounting of the liability if the amount and timing of the cash
payments are fixed and determinable. In addition, it provides criteria for when
an asset may be recognized for a portion or all of the assessment liability or
paid assessment that can be recovered through premium tax offsets or policy
surcharges. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 1998. The Company believes that the adoption of this statement will
not have a material effect on the results of operations or financial position.
In June 1997, the FASB issued Statement No. 131, "Disclosures About Segments of
an Enterprise and Related Information" ("Statement No. 131"). This statement
establishes standards for the way that public enterprises report information
about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires that
selected information about those operating segments be reported in interim
financial statements. This statement supersedes Statement No. 14, "Financial
Reporting for Segments of a Business Enterprise". Statement No. 131 requires
that all public enterprises report financial and descriptive information about
their reportable operating segments. Operating segments are defined as
components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is
available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in
deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. This statement
is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997. The Company
adopted Statement No. 131 for the first quarter of 1998, which resulted in
certain segment re-definitions, which have no impact on the consolidation
results of operations. (Note 12)
In June 1997, the FASB also issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income" ("Statement No. 130"). Statement No.
130 which establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive
income and its components in a full set of general-purpose financial statements.
All items that are required to be recognized under accounting standards as
components of comprehensive income are to be reported in a financial statement
that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. This
statement stipulates that comprehensive income reflect the change in equity of
an enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and
circumstances from non-owner sources. This statement is effective for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 1997. The Company adopted
F-11
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Statement No. 130 for the first quarter of 1998, which resulted primarily in
reporting unrealized gains and losses on investments in debt and equity
securities in comprehensive income.
M. RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year
presentation.
2. SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTIONS
On December 3, 1998 Citizens Acquisition Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary
of the Allmerica P&C, completed a cash tender offer to acquire the outstanding
shares of Citizens Corporation common stock that AFC or its subsidiaries did not
already own at a price of $33.25 per share. Approximately 99.8% of publicly held
shares of Citizens Corporation common stock were tendered. On December 14, 1998,
the Company completed a short-form merger, acquiring all shares of common stock
of Citizens Corporation not purchased in its tender offer, through the merger of
its wholly owned subsidiary, Citizens Acquisition Corporation with Citizens
Corporation at a price of $33.25 per share. Total consideration for the
transactions amounted to $195.9 million. The acquisition has been recognized as
a purchase. The minority interest acquired totaled $158.5 million. A total of
$40.8 million representing the excess of the purchase price over the fair values
of the net assets acquired, net of deferred taxes, has been allocated to
goodwill and is being amortized over a 40-year period.
The Company's consolidated results of operations include minority interest in
Citizens prior to December 3, 1998. The unaudited pro forma information below
presents consolidated results of operation as if the acquisition had occurred at
the beginning of 1997.
The following unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of
the consolidated results of operations of the combined Company had the
acquisition occurred at the beginning of 1997, nor is it necessarily indicative
of future results.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(UNAUDITED)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Revenue................................................................................... $ 3,405.1 $ 3,366.3
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Net realized capital gains included in revenue............................................ $ 59.8 $ 71.8
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Income before taxes and minority interest................................................. 272.9 358.0
Income taxes.............................................................................. (47.2) (91.3)
Minority Interest:
Equity in earnings.................................................................... (42.6) (64.1)
---------- ----------
Net income................................................................................ $ 183.1 $ 202.6
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
</TABLE>
On October 29, 1998, the Company announced that had adopted a formal
restructuring plan for its Risk Management business. As part of this initiative,
the Company, in its Corporate Risk Management Services segment, has exited its
accident and health assumed reinsurance pool business, as well as its
administrative services only business. Additionally, it has commenced the
closing of nearly half of its nationwide Corporate Risk Management Services'
sales offices, eliminated certain staff and discontinued certain automation
initiatives. In addition to the aforementioned initiatives in the Corporate Risk
Management Services segment, the Property and Casualty segment is consolidating
its field support activities from fourteen regional branches into three hub
locations. As a result of the Company's restructuring initiative, it recognized
a pretax loss of $13.0 million, in the fourth quarter of 1998. Approximately
$5.5 million of this loss relates to severance and other employee related costs
resulting from the elimination of 339 positions, of which 129 employees had
F-12
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
been terminated as of December 31, 1998. In addition, contract terminations and
lease cancellations resulted in losses of approximately $4.1 million and $3.4
million, respectively. During 1998, the Company made payments of approximately
$1.6 million related to this restructuring initiative.
Effective July 1, 1998, the Company entered into a reinsurance agreement with a
highly rated reinsurer that cedes current and future underwriting losses,
including unfavorable development of prior year reserves, up to a $40.0 million
maximum, of which $19.7 million relating to the Company's accident and health
assumed reinsurance pool business has been utilized as of December 31, 1998.
These pools consist primarily of the Corporate Risk Management Services
segment's assumed stop loss business, small group managed care pools, long-term
disability and long-term care pools, student accident and special risk business.
The agreement is consistent with management's decision to exit this line of
business, which the Company expects to run-off over the next three years. As a
result of this transaction, the Company recognized a $25.3 million pre-tax loss
in the third quarter of 1998.
Effective January 1, 1998, the Company entered into an agreement with a highly
rated reinsurer to reinsure the mortality risk on the universal life and
variable universal life blocks of business. The agreement did not have a
material effect on its results of operations or financial position.
In 1998 and 1997, Allmerica P&C redeemed 3,289.5 and 5,735.3 shares,
respectively, of its issued and outstanding common stock owned by AFC for $125.0
million and $195.0 million, respectively, thereby increasing FAFLIC's ownership
of Allmerica P&C by 4.3% and 6.3%, respectively. The 1998 transaction consisted
of $124.0 million of securities and $1.0 million of cash. The 1997 transaction
consisted of $55.0 million of securities and $140.0 million of cash.
The merger of Allmerica P&C and a wholly owned subsidiary of AFC was consummated
on July 16, 1997. Through the merger, AFC acquired all of the outstanding common
stock of Allmerica P&C that FAFLIC did not already own in exchange for cash of
$425.6 million and approximately 9.7 million shares of AFC stock valued at
$372.5 million. At consummation of this transaction AFC owned 59.5% through
FAFLIC and 40.5% directly.
The merger has been accounted for as a purchase. Total consideration of
approximately $798.1 million has been allocated to the minority interest in the
assets and liabilities based on estimates of their fair values. The minority
interest acquired totaled $703.5 million. A total of $90.6 million representing
the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net assets
acquired, net of deferred taxes, has been allocated to goodwill and is being
amortized over a 40-year period.
On February 3, 1997, AFC Capital Trust (the "Trust"), a subsidiary business
trust of AFC, issued $300 million Series A Capital Securities, which pay
cumulative dividends at a rate of 8.207% semiannually commencing August 15,
1997. The Trust exists for the sole purpose of issuing the Capital Securities
and investing the proceeds thereof in an equivalent amount of 8.207% Junior
Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures due 2027 of AFC (the "Subordinated
Debentures"). Through certain guarantees, the Subordinated Debentures and the
terms of related agreements, AFC has irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed
the obligations of the Trust under the Capital Securities. Net proceeds from the
offering of approximately $296.3 million funded a portion of the acquisition of
the 24.2 million publicly-held shares of Allmerica P&C pursuant to the merger on
July 16, 1997.
The Company's consolidated results of operations include minority interest in
Allmerica P&C prior to July 16, 1997. The unaudited pro forma information below
presents consolidated results of operations as if the merger and issuance of
Capital Securities had occurred at the beginning of 1996 and reflects
adjustments which include interest expense related to the assumed financing of a
portion of the cash consideration paid and amortization of goodwill.
F-13
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of
the consolidated results of operations of the combined Company had the merger
and issuance of Capital Securities occurred at the beginning of 1996, nor is it
necessarily indicative of future results.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(UNAUDITED)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Revenue................................................................................... $ 3,362.7 $ 3,246.4
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Net realized capital gains included in revenue............................................ $ 63.0 $ 46.7
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Income before taxes and minority interest................................................. 353.0 311.6
Income taxes.............................................................................. (89.6) (68.7)
Minority Interest:
Equity in earnings.................................................................... (75.5) (67.3)
---------- ----------
Net income................................................................................ $ 187.9 $ 175.6
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
</TABLE>
On April 14, 1997, the Company entered into an agreement in principle to cede
substantially all of the Company's individual disability income line of business
under a 100% coinsurance agreement with a highly rated reinsurer. The
coinsurance agreement became effective October 1, 1997. The transaction has
resulted in the recognition of a $53.9 million pre-tax loss in the first quarter
of 1997.
3. INVESTMENTS
A. SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS
The Company accounts for its investments, all of which are classified as
available-for-sale, in accordance with Statement No. 115.
The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturities and
equity securities were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998
--------------------------------------------
GROSS GROSS
DECEMBER 31, AMORTIZED UNREALIZED UNREALIZED FAIR
(IN MILLIONS) COST (1) GAINS LOSSES VALUE
- ---------------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S.
government and agency securities....... $ 192.8 $ 12.0 $ 24.5 $ 180.3
States and political subdivisions....... 2,408.9 83.0 5.2 2,486.7
Foreign governments..................... 107.9 7.7 4.5 111.1
Corporate fixed maturities.............. 4,293.3 167.8 81.9 4,379.2
Mortgage-backed securities.............. 517.9 11.5 2.8 526.6
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
Total fixed maturities.................. $7,520.8 $ 282.0 $ 118.9 $7,683.9
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
Equity securities....................... $ 253.1 $ 151.1 $ 7.1 $ 397.1
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
</TABLE>
F-14
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997
--------------------------------------------
GROSS GROSS
DECEMBER 31, AMORTIZED UNREALIZED UNREALIZED FAIR
(IN MILLIONS) COST (1) GAINS LOSSES VALUE
- ---------------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- --------
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S.
government and agency securities....... $ 265.3 $ 9.5 $ 0.9 $ 273.9
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
States and political subdivisions....... 2,200.6 78.3 3.1 2,275.8
Foreign governments..................... 110.8 8.5 2.2 117.1
Corporate fixed maturities.............. 4,041.6 175.1 12.2 4,204.5
Mortgage-backed securities.............. 374.5 9.7 2.0 382.2
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
Total fixed maturities.................. $6,992.8 $ 281.1 $ 20.4 $7,253.5
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
Equity securities....................... $ 341.1 $ 141.9 $ 4.0 $ 479.0
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
</TABLE>
(1) Amortized cost for fixed maturities and cost for equity securities.
In connection with AFLIAC's voluntary withdrawal of its license in New York,
AFLIAC agreed with the New York Department of Insurance to maintain, through a
custodial account in New York, a security deposit, the market value of which
will at all times equal 102% of all outstanding general account liabilities of
AFLIAC for New York policyholders, claimants and creditors. At December 31,
1998, the amortized cost and market value of assets on deposit in New York were
$268.5 million and $284.1 million, respectively. At December 31, 1997, the
amortized cost and market value of assets on deposit were $276.8 million and
$291.7 million, respectively.
In addition, fixed maturities, excluding those securities on deposit in New
York, with an amortized cost of $105.4 million and $105.1 million were on
deposit with various state and governmental authorities at December 31, 1998 and
1997, respectively.
There were no contractual fixed maturity investment commitments at December 31,
1998 and 1997, respectively.
The amortized cost and fair value by maturity periods for fixed maturities are
shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because
borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call
or prepayment penalties, or the Company may have the right to put or sell the
obligations back to the issuers. Mortgage backed securities are included in the
category representing their ultimate maturity.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998
--------------------
DECEMBER 31, AMORTIZED FAIR
(IN MILLIONS) COST VALUE
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Due in one year or less..................................... $ 384.7 $ 391.5
Due after one year through five years....................... 2,309.4 2,341.2
Due after five years through ten years...................... 2,173.3 2,199.6
Due after ten years......................................... 2,653.4 2,751.6
--------- --------
Total....................................................... $ 7,520.8 $7,683.9
--------- --------
--------- --------
</TABLE>
F-15
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The proceeds from voluntary sales of available-for-sale securities and the gross
realized gains and gross realized losses on those sales were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, PROCEEDS FROM GROSS GROSS
(IN MILLIONS) VOLUNTARY SALES GAINS LOSSES
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1998
Fixed maturities............................................ $ 993.3 $ 18.2 $ 11.9
Equity securities........................................... $ 276.4 $ 76.3 $ 9.6
1997
Fixed maturities............................................ $1,894.8 $ 27.6 $ 16.2
Equity securities........................................... $ 145.5 $ 55.8 $ 1.3
1996
Fixed maturities............................................ $2,432.8 $ 19.3 $ 30.5
Equity securities........................................... $ 228.1 $ 56.1 $ 1.3
</TABLE>
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale and other securities, are
summarized as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, FIXED SECURITIES
(IN MILLIONS) MATURITIES AND OTHER (1) TOTAL
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ------------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1998
Net appreciation, beginning of year......................... $122.6 $ 86.7 $209.3
---------- ------ ------
Net (depreciation) appreciation on available-for-sale
securities................................................. (99.3) 4.4 (94.9)
Appreciation due to Allmerica P&C purchase of minority in
interest of Citizens....................................... 10.7 10.7 21.4
Net appreciation from the effect on deferred policy
acquisition costs and on policy liabilities................ 6.3 -- 6.3
Provision for deferred federal income taxes and minority
interest................................................... 38.7 (11.6) 27.1
---------- ------ ------
(43.6) 3.5 (40.1)
---------- ------ ------
Net appreciation, end of year............................... $ 79.0 $ 90.2 $169.2
---------- ------ ------
---------- ------ ------
1997
Net appreciation, beginning of year......................... $ 71.3 $ 60.1 $131.4
---------- ------ ------
Net appreciation (depreciation) on available-for-sale
securities................................................. 83.2 (5.9) 77.3
Appreciation due to AFC purchase of minority interest of
Allmerica P&C.............................................. 50.7 59.6 110.3
Net depreciation from the effect on deferred policy
acquisition costs and on policy liabilities................ (16.7) -- (16.7)
Provision for deferred federal income taxes and minority
interest................................................... (65.9) (27.1) (93.0)
---------- ------ ------
51.3 26.6 77.9
---------- ------ ------
Net appreciation, end of year............................... $122.6 $ 86.7 $209.3
---------- ------ ------
---------- ------ ------
</TABLE>
F-16
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, FIXED SECURITIES
(IN MILLIONS) MATURITIES AND OTHER (1) TOTAL
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ------------- ------
1996
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net appreciation, beginning of year......................... $108.7 $ 44.3 $153.0
---------- ------ ------
Net (depreciation) appreciation on available-for-sale
securities................................................. (94.1) 35.9 (58.2)
Net appreciation from the effect on deferred policy
acquisition costs and on policy liabilities................ 23.1 -- 23.1
Provision for deferred federal income taxes and minority
interest................................................... 33.6 (20.1) 13.5
---------- ------ ------
(37.4) 15.8 (21.6)
---------- ------ ------
Net appreciation, end of year............................... $ 71.3 $ 60.1 $131.4
---------- ------ ------
---------- ------ ------
</TABLE>
(1) Includes net appreciation on other investments of $0.8 million, $1.8
million, and $0.6 million in 1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively.
B. MORTGAGE LOANS AND REAL ESTATE
FAFLIC's mortgage loans and real estate are diversified by property type and
location. Real estate investments have been obtained primarily through
foreclosure. Mortgage loans are collateralized by the related properties and
generally are no more than 75% of the property's value at the time the original
loan is made.
The carrying values of mortgage loans and real estate investments net of
applicable reserves were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Mortgage loans.............................................. $562.3 $567.5
Real estate held for sale................................... 20.4 50.3
------ ------
Total mortgage loans and real estate........................ $582.7 $617.8
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
Reserves for mortgage loans were $11.5 million and $20.7 million at December 31,
1998 and 1997, respectively.
During 1997, the Company committed to a plan to dispose of all real estate
assets by the end of 1998. At December 31, 1998, there were 7 properties
remaining in the Company's portfolio, which are being actively marketed. As a
result of the plan, during 1997 real estate assets with a carrying amount of
$54.7 million were written down to the estimated fair value less cost of
disposal of $50.3 million, and a net realized investment loss of $4.4 million
was recognized. Depreciation is not recorded on these assets while they are held
for disposal. There were no non-cash investing activities, including real estate
acquired through foreclosure of mortgage loans, in 1998 and 1997. During 1996,
non-cash investing activities included real estate acquired through foreclosure
of mortgage loans, which had a fair value of $0.9 million.
There were no contractual commitments to extend credit under commercial mortgage
loan agreements at December 31, 1998. These commitments generally expire within
one year.
F-17
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Mortgage loans and real estate investments comprised the following property
types and geographic regions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- ------
<S> <C> <C>
Property type:
Office building........................................... $304.4 $265.1
Residential............................................... 52.8 66.6
Retail.................................................... 108.5 132.8
Industrial/warehouse...................................... 110.0 107.2
Other..................................................... 18.5 66.8
Valuation allowances...................................... (11.5) (20.7)
-------- ------
Total....................................................... $582.7 $617.8
-------- ------
-------- ------
Geographic region:
South Atlantic............................................ $136.1 $173.4
Pacific................................................... 155.1 152.8
East North Central........................................ 80.5 102.0
Middle Atlantic........................................... 61.2 73.8
West South Central........................................ 54.7 34.9
New England............................................... 60.7 46.9
Other..................................................... 45.9 54.7
Valuation allowances...................................... (11.5) (20.7)
-------- ------
Total....................................................... $582.7 $617.8
-------- ------
-------- ------
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1998, scheduled mortgage loan maturities were as follows: 1999
- -- $84.7 million; 2000 -- $131.6 million; 2001 -- $33.9 million; 2002 -- $28.4
million; 2003 -- $42.5 million; and $241.2 million thereafter. Actual maturities
could differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to
prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties and loans may be
refinanced. During 1998, the Company did not refinance any mortgage loans based
on terms which differed from those granted to new borrowers.
C. INVESTMENT VALUATION ALLOWANCES
Investment valuation allowances which have been deducted in arriving at
investment carrying values as presented in the consolidated balance sheets and
changes thereto are shown below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, BALANCE AT BALANCE AT
(IN MILLIONS) JANUARY 1 PROVISIONS WRITE-OFFS DECEMBER 31
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1998
Mortgage loans.............................................. $20.7 $(6.8) $ 2.4 $11.5
----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- -----
1997
Mortgage loans.............................................. $19.6 $ 2.5 $ 1.4 $20.7
Real estate................................................. 14.9 6.0 20.9 --
----- ----- ----- -----
Total................................................... $34.5 $ 8.5 $22.3 $20.7
----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- -----
1996
Mortgage loans.............................................. $33.8 $ 5.5 $19.7 $19.6
Real estate................................................. 19.6 -- 4.7 14.9
----- ----- ----- -----
Total................................................... $53.4 $ 5.5 $24.4 $34.5
----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
F-18
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Provisions on mortgages during 1998 reflect the release of redundant reserves.
Write-offs of $20.9 million to the investment valuation allowance related to
real estate in 1997 primarily reflect write downs to the estimated fair value
less costs to sell pursuant to the aforementioned 1997 plan of disposal.
The carrying value of impaired loans was $22.0 million and $30.5 million, with
related reserves of $6.0 million and $13.8 million as of December 31, 1998 and
1997, respectively. All impaired loans were reserved as of December 31, 1998 and
1997.
The average carrying value of impaired loans was $26.1 million, $30.8 million
and $50.4 million, with related interest income while such loans were impaired
of $3.2 million, $3.2 million and $5.8 million as of December 31, 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively.
D. FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Company purchases long futures contracts and sells short futures contracts
on margin to hedge against interest rate fluctuations associated with the sale
of Guaranteed Investment Contracts ("GICs"). The Company is exposed to interest
rate risk from the time of sale of the GIC until the receipt of the deposit and
purchase of the underlying asset to back the liability. Futures contract
activity increased significantly in 1998 due to the increase in sale of GICs.
The Company's exposure to credit risk under futures contracts is limited to the
margin deposited with the broker. The Company only trades futures contracts with
nationally recognized brokers, which the Company believes have adequate capital
to ensure that there is minimal danger of default. The Company does not require
collateral or other securities to support financial instruments with credit
risk.
The notional amount of futures contracts outstanding at December 31, 1998 was
$92.7 million. There were no futures contracts outstanding at December 31, 1997.
The notional amounts of the contracts represent the extent of the Company's
investment but not the future cash requirements, as the Company generally
settles open positions prior to maturity. The maturity of all futures contracts
outstanding is less than one year. The fair value of futures contracts
outstanding was $92.5 million at December 31, 1998.
Gains and losses on hedge contracts related to interest rate fluctuations are
deferred and recognized in income over the period being hedged corresponding to
related guaranteed investment contracts. If instruments being hedged by futures
contracts are disposed, any unamortized gains or losses on such contracts are
included in the determination of the gain or loss from the disposition. Deferred
hedging gains (losses) were $(1.8) million in 1998. There were no deferred
hedging gains or losses in 1997. Gains and losses on hedge contracts that are
deemed ineffective by the Company are realized immediately. There were $0.1
million of gains realized on ineffective hedges in 1998. There was no gain or
loss in 1997 or 1996.
A reconciliation of the notional amount of futures contracts is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts outstanding, beginning of year......................................... $ -- $ (33.0) $ 74.7
New contracts.................................................................... 1,117.5 (0.2) (1.1)
Contracts terminated............................................................. (1,024.8) 33.2 (106.6)
----------- --------- ---------
Contracts outstanding, end of year............................................... $ 92.7 $ -- $ (33.0)
----------- --------- ---------
----------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
E. FOREIGN CURRENCY SWAP CONTRACTS
The Company enters into foreign currency swap contracts with swap counterparties
to hedge foreign currency exposure on specific fixed income securities. Interest
and principal related to foreign fixed income securities payable in foreign
currencies, at current exchange rates, are exchanged for the equivalent payment
in U.S dollars translated at a specific currency exchange rate. The primary risk
associated with these transactions is
F-19
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
the inability of the counterparty to meet its obligation. The Company regularly
assesses the financial strength of its counterparties and generally enters into
forward or swap agreements with counterparties rated "A" or better by nationally
recognized rating agencies. The Company's maximum exposure to counterparty
credit risk is the difference between the foreign currency exchange rate, as
agreed upon in the swap contract, and the foreign currency spot rate on the date
of the exchange, as indicated by the fair value of the contract. The fair values
of the foreign currency swap contracts outstanding were $1.2 million and $1.3
million at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Changes in the fair value
of contracts are reported as an unrealized gain or loss, consistent with the
underlying hedged security. The Company does not require collateral or other
security to support financial instruments with credit risk.
The difference between amounts paid and received on foreign currency swap
contracts is reflected in the net investment income related to the underlying
assets and is not material in 1998, 1997 and 1996. Any gain or loss on the
termination of swap contracts is deferred and recognized with any gain or loss
on the hedged transaction. The Company had no deferred gain or loss on foreign
currency swap contracts in 1998 or 1997.
A reconciliation of the notional amount of foreign currency swap contracts is as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts outstanding, beginning of year.............................................. $ 42.6 $ 47.6 $ 69.4
New contracts......................................................................... -- 5.0 --
Contracts expired..................................................................... -- (10.0) (21.8)
--------- --------- ---------
Contracts outstanding, end of year.................................................... $ 42.6 $ 42.6 $ 47.6
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
Expected maturities of foreign currency swap contracts outstanding at December
31, 1998 are $24.0 million in 1999, $8.3 million in 2000 and $10.3 million
thereafter. There are no expected maturities of such foreign currency swap
contracts in 2001, 2002 and 2003.
F. INTEREST RATE SWAP CONTRACTS
The Company enters into interest rate swap contracts to hedge exposure to
interest rate fluctuations. Specifically, for floating rate GIC liabilities that
are matched with fixed rate securities, the Company manages the interest rate
risk by hedging with interest rate swap contracts. Under these swap contracts,
the Company agrees to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between
fixed and floating interest amounts calculated on an agreed-upon notional
principal amount. The use of interest rate swap contracts increased during 1998
due to the increase in floating rate GIC liabilities. As with foreign currency
swap contracts, the primary risk associated with these transactions is the
inability of the counterparty to meet its obligation. The Company regularly
assesses the financial strength of its counterparties and generally enters into
forward or swap agreements with counterparties rated "A" or better by nationally
recognized rating agencies. Because the underlying principal of swap contracts
is not exchanged, the Company's maximum exposure to counterparty credit risk is
the difference in payments exchanged, which at December 31, 1998 was a net
payable of $3.9 million. The Company does not require collateral or other
security to support financial instruments with credit risk.
The net amount receivable or payable is recognized over the life of the swap
contract as an adjustment to net investment income. The (decrease) or increase
in net investment income related to interest rate swap contracts was $(2.8)
million, $(0.4) million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 1998,
1997, and 1996, respectively. The fair value of interest rate swap contracts
outstanding were $(28.3) million and $(2.3) million at December 31, 1998 and
1997, respectively. Changes in the fair value of contracts are reported as an
unrealized gain or loss, consistent with the underlying hedged security. Any
gain or loss on the termination of interest rate swap contracts accounted for as
hedges are deferred and recognized with the gain or loss on the
F-20
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
hedged transaction. The Company had no deferred gain or loss on interest rate
swap contracts in 1998 or 1997. A reconciliation of the notional amount of
interest rate swap contracts is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts outstanding, beginning of year.......................................... $ 244.1 $ 5.0 $ 17.5
New contracts..................................................................... 873.5 244.7 5.0
Contracts expired................................................................. (5.0) (5.6) (17.5)
---------- --------- ---------
Contracts outstanding, end of year................................................ $ 1,112.6 $ 244.1 $ 5.0
---------- --------- ---------
---------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
Expected maturities of interest rate swap contracts outstanding at December 31,
1998 is $44.0 million in 2000, $234.5 million in 2002, $810.5 million in 2003
and $23.6 million thereafter. There are no expected maturities of interest rate
contracts in 1999 or 2001.
G. OTHER SWAP CONTRACTS
The Company enters into security return-linked and insurance portfolio-linked
swap contracts for investment purposes. Under the security return-linked
contracts, the Company agrees to exchange cash flows according to the
performance of a specified security or portfolio of securities. Under the
insurance portfolio-linked swap contracts, the Company agrees to exchange cash
flows according to the performance of a specified underwriter's portfolio of
insurance business. As with interest rate swap contracts, the primary risk
associated with these transactions is the inability of the counterparty to meet
its obligation. The Company regularly assesses the financial strength of its
counterparties and generally enters into forward or swap agreements with
counterparties rated "A" or better by nationally recognized rating agencies.
Because the underlying principal of swap contracts is not exchanged, the
Company's maximum exposure to counterparty credit risk is the difference in
payments exchanged, which at December 31, 1998, was not material to the Company.
The Company does not require collateral or other security to support financial
instruments with credit risk.
In 1998, the Company also entered into credit default swap agreements. Under the
terms of these agreements, the Company assumes the default risk of a specific
high credit quality issuer in exchange for a stated annual premium. In the case
of default, the Company will pay the counterparty par value for a pre-determined
security of the issuer. The primary risk associated with these transactions is
the default risk of the underlying companies. The Company regularly assesses the
financial strength of the underlying companies and generally enters into default
swap agreements for companies rated "A" or better by nationally recognized
rating agencies.
The swap contracts are marked to market with any gain or loss recognized
currently. The fair values of swap contracts outstanding were $(0.1) million at
December 31, 1998 and 1997. The net amount receivable or payable under
security-returned-linked and insurance portfolio-linked swap contracts is
recognized when the contracts are marked to market. The net increase (decrease)
in realized investment gains related to these contracts was $1.1 million in 1998
and $(1.6) million in 1997. There were no realized investment gains or losses on
other swap contracts recognized in 1996.
The stated annual premium under credit default swap contracts is recognized
currently in net investment income. The net increase to investment income
related to credit default swap contracts was $0.2 million in 1998. There was no
investment income recognized in 1997 and 1996.
F-21
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
A reconciliation of the notional amount of other swap contracts is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts outstanding, beginning of year............................................ $ 15.0 $ 58.6 $ --
New contracts....................................................................... 266.3 192.1 58.6
Contracts expired................................................................... (26.3) (211.6) --
Contracts terminated................................................................ -- (24.1) --
--------- --------- ---------
Contracts outstanding, end of year.................................................. $ 255.0 $ 15.0 $ 58.6
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
Expected maturities of other swap contracts outstanding at December 31, 1998 are
as follows: $115.0 million in 1999, $115.0 million in 2000 and $25.0 million in
2001. There are no expected maturities of such other swap contracts in 2002 or
2003.
H. OTHER
At December 31, 1998, FAFLIC had no concentration of investments in a single
investee exceeding 10% of shareholders' equity. At December 31, 1997, FAFLIC had
no concentration of investments in a single investee exceeding 10% of
shareholder's equity, except for investments with the U.S. Treasury with a
carrying value of $262.4 million.
4. INVESTMENT INCOME AND GAINS AND LOSSES
A. NET INVESTMENT INCOME
The components of net investment income were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Fixed maturities............................................ $530.8 $541.9 $553.8
Mortgage loans.............................................. 58.3 57.5 69.5
Equity securities........................................... 7.4 10.6 11.1
Policy loans................................................ 11.9 10.9 10.3
Real estate................................................. 7.2 20.1 40.8
Other long-term investments................................. (0.5) 12.4 19.9
Short-term investments...................................... 14.3 12.8 10.6
------ ------ ------
Gross investment income..................................... 629.4 666.2 716.0
Less investment expenses.................................... (15.7) (24.4) (45.2)
------ ------ ------
Net investment income....................................... $613.7 $641.8 $670.8
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1998, there was one mortgage loan on non-accrual status which
had an outstanding principal balance of $4.3 million. This loan was restructured
and fully impaired. There were no fixed maturities which were on non-accrual
status at December 31, 1998. The effect of non-accruals, compared with amounts
that would have been recognized in accordance with the original terms of the
investments, had no impact in 1998 and 1997, and reduced net income by $0.5
million in 1996.
The payment terms of mortgage loans may from time to time be restructured or
modified. The investment in restructured mortgage loans, based on amortized
cost, amounted to $28.7 million, $40.3 million and $51.3 million at December 31,
1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. Interest income on restructured mortgage
loans that would have been recorded in accordance with the original terms of
such loans amounted to $3.3 million, $3.9 million and $7.7 million in 1998, 1997
and 1996, respectively. Actual interest income on
F-22
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
these loans included in net investment income aggregated $3.3 million, $4.2
million and $4.5 million in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
There were no fixed maturities which were non-income producing for the year
ended December 31, 1998. There was one mortgage loan which was non-income
producing for the year ended December 31, 1998, which had an outstanding
principal balance of $4.3 million and was fully impaired.
Included in other long-term investments is a loss from limited partnerships of
$7.5 million in 1998, and income of $7.8 million and $13.7 million in 1997 and
1996, respectively.
B. REALIZED INVESTMENT GAINS AND LOSSES
Realized gains (losses) on investments were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Fixed maturities............................................ $ (11.8) $ 14.7 $ (9.7)
Mortgage loans.............................................. 8.8 (1.2) (2.4)
Equity securities........................................... 66.6 53.6 54.8
Real estate................................................. 13.7 12.8 21.1
Other....................................................... (14.7) (3.4) 3.0
--------- --------- ---------
Net realized investment gains............................... $ 62.6 $ 76.5 $ 66.8
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
C. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME RECONCILIATION
The following table provides a reconciliation of gross unrealized gains to the
net balance shown in the Statement of Comprehensive Income:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Unrealized gains on securities:
Unrealized holding gains arising during period, (net of
taxes and minority interest of $(20.8) million, $123.7
million and $10.7 million in 1998, 1997 and 1996,
respectively).............................................. $ (6.8) $ 115.5 $ (0.7)
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains included in net
income (net of taxes and minority interest of $21.5
million, $30.7 million and $24.2 million in 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively)........................................ 33.3 37.6 20.9
--------- --------- ---------
Other comprehensive income.................................. $ (40.1) $ 77.9 $ (21.6)
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
5. FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Statement No. 107, "Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments",
requires disclosure of fair value information about certain financial
instruments (insurance contracts, real estate, goodwill and taxes are excluded)
for which it is practicable to estimate such values, whether or not these
instruments are included in the balance sheet. The fair values presented for
certain financial instruments are estimates which, in many cases, may differ
significantly from the amounts which could be realized upon immediate
liquidation. In cases where market prices are not available, estimates of fair
value are based on discounted cash flow analyses, which utilize current interest
rates for similar financial instruments which have comparable terms and credit
quality. Included in the fair value of fixed maturities are swap contracts used
to hedge fixed maturities with a fair value of $(27.1) million at December 31,
1998. Fair values of interest rate futures were not material at December 31,
1997.
F-23
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of
each class of financial instruments:
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
For these short-term investments, the carrying amount approximates fair value.
FIXED MATURITIES
Fair values are based on quoted market prices, if available. If a quoted market
price is not available, fair values are estimated using independent pricing
sources or internally developed pricing models using discounted cash flow
analyses.
EQUITY SECURITIES
Fair values are based on quoted market prices, if available. If a quoted market
price is not available, fair values are estimated using independent pricing
sources or internally developed pricing models.
MORTGAGE LOANS
Fair values are estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows using
the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar
credit ratings. The fair value of below investment grade mortgage loans are
limited to the lesser of the present value of the cash flows or book value.
POLICY LOANS
The carrying amount reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximates
fair value since policy loans have no defined maturity dates and are inseparable
from the insurance contracts.
INVESTMENT CONTRACTS (WITHOUT MORTALITY FEATURES)
Fair values for the Company's liabilities under guaranteed investment type
contracts are estimated using discounted cash flow calculations using current
interest rates for similar contracts with maturities consistent with those
remaining for the contracts being valued. Other liabilities are based on
surrender values.
DEBT
The carrying value of short-term debt reported in the balance sheet approximates
fair value. The fair value of long-term debt was estimated using market quotes,
when available, and, when not available, discounted cash flow analyses.
F-24
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The estimated fair values of the financial instruments were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997
------------------ ------------------
DECEMBER 31, CARRYING FAIR CARRYING FAIR
(IN MILLIONS) VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
FINANCIAL ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 504.0 $ 504.0 $ 213.9 $ 213.9
Fixed maturities.......................................... 7,683.9 7,683.9 7,253.5 7,253.5
Equity securities......................................... 397.1 397.1 479.0 479.0
Mortgage loans............................................ 562.3 587.1 567.5 597.0
Policy loans.............................................. 154.3 154.3 141.9 141.9
-------- -------- -------- --------
$9,301.6 $9,326.4 $8,655.8 $8,685.3
-------- -------- -------- --------
-------- -------- -------- --------
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
Guaranteed investment contracts........................... $1,791.8 $1,830.8 $ 985.2 $1,004.7
Supplemental contracts without life contingencies......... 37.3 37.3 22.4 22.4
Dividend accumulations.................................... 88.4 88.4 87.8 87.8
Other individual contract deposit funds................... 61.6 61.1 57.9 55.7
Other group contract deposit funds........................ 700.4 704.0 714.8 715.5
Individual annuity contracts.............................. 1,110.6 1,073.6 907.4 882.2
Short-term debt........................................... 221.3 221.3 33.0 33.0
Long-term debt............................................ -- -- 2.6 2.6
-------- -------- -------- --------
$4,011.4 $4,016.5 $2,811.1 $2,803.9
-------- -------- -------- --------
-------- -------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
6. CLOSED BLOCK
Included in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income in 1998, 1997
and 1996 is a net pre-tax contribution from the Closed Block of $10.4 million,
$9.1 million and $8.6 million, respectively. Summarized financial information of
the Closed Block as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 and for the period ended
December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost of $399.1
and $400.1, respectively)............................... $414.2 $412.9
Mortgage loans............................................ 136.0 112.0
Policy loans.............................................. 210.9 218.8
Cash and cash equivalents................................. 9.4 25.1
Accrued investment income................................. 14.1 14.1
Deferred policy acquisition costs......................... 15.6 18.2
Other assets.............................................. 2.9 5.6
------ ------
Total assets................................................ $803.1 $806.7
------ ------
------ ------
Liabilities
Policy liabilities and accruals........................... $862.9 $875.1
Other liabilities......................................... 9.1 10.4
------ ------
Total liabilities........................................... $872.0 $885.5
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
F-25
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues
Premiums................................................ $ 55.4 $ 58.3 $ 61.7
Net investment income................................... 53.3 53.4 52.6
Realized investment loss................................ 0.1 1.3 (0.7)
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues.............................................. 108.8 113.0 113.6
Benefits and expenses
Policy benefits......................................... 95.0 100.5 101.2
Policy acquisition expenses............................. 2.7 3.0 3.2
Other operating expenses................................ 0.7 0.4 0.6
-------- -------- --------
Total benefits and expenses................................. 98.4 103.9 105.0
-------- -------- --------
Contribution from the Closed Block.......................... $ 10.4 $ 9.1 $ 8.6
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
Cash flows
Cash flows from operating activities:
Contribution from the Closed Block...................... $ 10.4 $ 9.1 $ 8.6
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs, net........ 2.6 2.9 3.4
Change in premiums and other receivables................ 0.3 -- 0.2
Change in policy liabilities and accruals............... (13.5) (11.6) (13.9)
Change in accrued investment income..................... -- 0.2 2.3
Deferred Taxes.......................................... 0.1 (5.1) 1.0
Change in other assets.................................. 2.4 (2.9) (1.6)
Change in expenses and taxes payable.................... (2.9) (2.0) 1.7
Other, net.............................................. (0.1) (1.2) 1.4
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities....... (0.7) (10.6) 3.1
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales, maturities and repayments of investments......... 83.6 161.6 188.1
Purchases of investments................................ (106.5) (161.4) (196.9)
Other, net.............................................. 7.9 11.4 12.2
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities....... (15.0) 11.6 3.4
-------- -------- --------
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents................... (15.7) 1.0 6.5
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year................ 25.1 24.1 17.6
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year...................... $ 9.4 $ 25.1 $ 24.1
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
There are no valuation allowances on mortgage loans in the Closed Block at
December 31, 1998, 1997 or 1996, respectively.
Many expenses related to Closed Block operations are charged to operations
outside the Closed Block; accordingly, the contribution from the Closed Block
does not represent the actual profitability of the Closed Block operations.
Operating costs and expenses outside of the Closed Block are, therefore,
disproportionate to the business outside the Closed Block.
F-26
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
7. DEBT
Short and long-term debt consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ -----
<S> <C> <C>
Short-Term
Commercial paper........................................ $ 41.3 $32.6
Borrowings under bank credit facility................... 150.0 --
Repurchase agreements................................... 30.0 --
Other................................................... -- 0.4
------ -----
Total short-term debt....................................... $ 221.3 $33.0
------ -----
------ -----
Long-term debt.............................................. $ -- $ 2.6
------ -----
------ -----
</TABLE>
FAFLIC issues commercial paper primarily to manage imbalances between operating
cash flows and existing commitments. Commercial paper borrowing arrangements are
supported by a credit agreement. At December 31, 1998, the weighted average
interest rate for outstanding commercial paper was approximately 5.34%.
Effective December 4, 1998, the Company entered into a credit agreement that
expired on February 5, 1999. Borrowings under this agreement were unsecured and
incurred interest at a rate per annum equal to the eurodollar rate plus
applicable margin. Borrowings outstanding under this credit facility at December
31, 1998 were $150.0 million.
During 1998 and 1996, the Company utilized repurchase agreements to finance
certain investments. The 1996 repurchase agreements were settled by the end of
1996.
In October, 1995, AFC issued $200.0 million face amount of Senior Debentures for
proceeds of $197.2 million net of discounts and issuance costs. These securities
have an effective interest rate of 7.65%, and mature on October 16, 2025.
Interest is payable semiannually on October 15 and April 15 of each year. The
Senior Debentures are subject to certain restrictive covenants, including
limitations on issuance of or disposition of stock of restricted subsidiaries
and limitations on liens. AFC is in compliance with all covenants. The primary
source of cash for repayment of the debt by AFC is dividends from FAFLIC and
APY. Interest expense was $7.3 million, $3.6 million and $16.8 million in 1998,
1997 and 1996, respectively. Interest paid on the credit agreement was
approximately $0.7 million in 1998 and $2.8 million in 1997. Interest expense
during 1996 also included $11.0 million related to interest payments on
repurchase agreements. All interest expense is recorded in other operating
expenses.
8. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
Provisions for federal income taxes have been calculated in accordance with the
provisions of SFAS No. 109. A summary of the federal income tax expense
(benefit) in the consolidated statements of income is shown below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------- ----- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Federal income tax expense (benefit)
Current................................................. $ 67.6 $83.3 $ 96.8
Deferred................................................ (15.4) 14.2 (15.7)
------- ----- -------
Total....................................................... $ 52.2 $97.5 $ 81.1
------- ----- -------
------- ----- -------
</TABLE>
F-27
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The federal income taxes attributable to the consolidated results of operations
are different from the amounts determined by multiplying income before federal
income taxes by the expected federal income tax rate. The sources of the
difference and the tax effects of each were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Expected federal income tax expense......................... $100.9 $131.8 $122.3
Tax-exempt interest..................................... (38.9) (37.9) (35.3)
Differential earnings amount............................ -- -- (10.2)
Dividend received deduction............................. (5.1) (3.2) (1.6)
Changes in tax reserve estimates........................ 2.3 7.8 4.7
Tax credits............................................. (8.5) (2.7)
Other, net.............................................. 1.5 1.7 1.2
------ ------ ------
Federal income tax expense.................................. $ 52.2 $ 97.5 $ 81.1
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
Until conversion to a stock life insurance company, FAFLIC, as a mutual company,
reduced its deduction for policyholder dividends by the differential earnings
amount. This amount was computed, for each tax year, by multiplying the average
equity base of the FAFLIC/AFLIAC consolidated group, as determined for tax
purposes, by the estimate of an excess of an imputed earnings rate over the
average mutual life insurance companies' earnings rate. The differential
earnings amount for each tax year was subsequently recomputed when actual
earnings rates were published by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The
differential earnings amount included in 1996 related to an adjustment for the
1994 tax year based on the actual mutual life insurance companies' earnings rate
issued by the IRS in 1996. As a stock life company, FAFLIC is no longer required
to reduce its policyholder dividend deduction by the differential earnings
amount.
The deferred income tax (asset) liability represents the tax effects of
temporary differences attributable to the Company's consolidated federal tax
return group. Its components were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax (assets) liabilities
AMT carryforwards....................................... $ (16.8) $ (15.6)
Loss reserve discounting................................ (406.6) (391.6)
Deferred acquisition costs.............................. 345.8 291.8
Employee benefit plans.................................. (45.3) (48.0)
Investments, net........................................ 121.7 175.4
Bad debt reserve........................................ (1.8) (14.3)
Litigation reserve...................................... (10.9) --
Other, net.............................................. (5.5) 15.2
-------- --------
Deferred tax (asset) liability, net......................... $ (19.4) $ 12.9
-------- --------
-------- --------
</TABLE>
Gross deferred income tax assets totaled $486.9 million and $469.5 million at
December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Gross deferred income tax liabilities
totaled $467.5 million and $482.4 million at December 31, 1998 and 1997,
respectively.
The Company believes, based on the its recent earnings history and its future
expectations, that the Company's taxable income in future years will be
sufficient to realize all deferred tax assets. In determining the adequacy of
future income, the Company considered the future reversal of its existing
temporary differences and available tax planning strategies that could be
implemented, if necessary. At December 31, 1998, there are available alternative
minimum tax credit carryforwards of $16.8 million.
F-28
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The Company's federal income tax returns are routinely audited by the IRS, and
provisions are routinely made in the financial statements in anticipation of the
results of these audits. The IRS has examined the FAFLIC/ AFLIAC consolidated
group's federal income tax returns through 1994. The IRS has also examined the
former Allmerica P&C consolidated group's federal income tax returns through
1991. The Company has appealed certain adjustments proposed by the IRS with
respect to the federal income tax returns for 1992,1993 and 1994 for the
FAFLIC/AFLIAC consolidated group. Also, certain adjustments proposed by the IRS
with respect to FAFLIC/ AFLIAC's federal income tax returns for 1982 and 1983
remain unresolved. If upheld, these adjustments would result in additional
payments; however, the Company will vigorously defend its position with respect
to these adjustments. In the Company's opinion, adequate tax liabilities have
been established for all years. However, the amount of these tax liabilities
could be revised in the near term if estimates of the Company's ultimate
liability are revised.
9. PENSION PLANS
FAFLIC provides retirement benefits to substantially all of its employees under
a defined benefit pension plan. This plan is based on a defined benefit cash
balance formula, whereby the Company annually provides an allocation to each
eligible employee based on a percentage of that employee's salary, similar to a
defined contribution plan arrangement. The 1998, 1997 and 1996 allocations were
based on 7.0% of each eligible employee's salary. In addition to the cash
balance allocation, certain transition group employees, who have met specified
age and service requirements as of December 31, 1994, are eligible for a
grandfathered benefit based primarily on the employees' years of service and
compensation during their highest five consecutive plan years of employment. The
Company's policy for the plans is to fund at least the minimum amount required
by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Service cost -- benefits earned during the year............. $ 19.0 $ 19.9 $ 19.0
Interest cost............................................... 25.5 23.5 21.9
Expected return on plan assets.............................. (34.9) (31.2) (28.3)
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)........................ 0.4 0.1 (0.4)
Amortization of transition asset............................ (1.8) (1.9) (1.9)
Amortization of prior service cost.......................... (1.7) (2.0) (2.3)
------- ------- -------
Net periodic pension cost................................... $ 6.5 $ 8.4 $ 8.0
------- ------- -------
------- ------- -------
</TABLE>
F-29
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes the status of the pension plan. At December 31,
1998 and 1997 the plan's assets exceeded its projected benefit obligations.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Change in benefit obligations:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year....... $370.4 $344.2
Service cost -- benefits earned during the year......... 19.0 19.9
Interest cost........................................... 25.5 23.5
Actuarial losses........................................ 20.4 0.3
Benefits paid........................................... (21.1) (17.5)
------ ------
Projected benefit obligation at end of year............. $414.2 $370.4
------ ------
------ ------
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year.......... $395.5 $347.8
Actual return on plan assets............................ 67.2 65.2
Benefits paid........................................... (21.1) (17.5)
------ ------
Fair value of plan assets at end of year................ 441.6 395.5
------ ------
Funded status of the plan............................... 27.4 25.1
Unrecognized transition obligation...................... (23.9) (26.2)
Unamortized prior service cost.......................... (11.0) (13.9)
Unrecognized net actuarial gains........................ (54.9) (44.9)
------ ------
Net pension liability............................... $(62.4) $(59.9)
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
As a result of AFC's merger with APY, certain pension liabilities were reduced
by $11.7 million in 1997, to reflect their fair value as of the purchase date.
These pension liabilities were reduced by $10.3 million in 1998, which reflects
fair value, net of applicable amortization. Determination of the projected
benefit obligations was based on a weighted average discount rate of 6.5% and
7.0% in 1998 and 1997, respectively, and the assumed long-term rate of return on
plan assets was 9.0% in both 1998 and 1997. The actuarial present value of the
projected benefit obligations was determined using assumed rates of increase in
future compensation levels ranging from 5.0% to 5.5%. Plan assets are invested
primarily in various separate accounts and the general account of FAFLIC. Plan
assets also include 973,262 shares of AFC Common Stock at both December 31, 1998
and 1997, with a market value of $56.3 million and $48.6 million at December 31,
1998 and 1997, respectively.
The Company has a defined contribution 401(k) plan for its employees, whereby
the Company matches employee elective 401(k) contributions, up to a maximum
percentage determined annually by the Board of Directors. During 1998, 1997 and
1996, the Company matched 50% of employees' contributions up to 6.0% of eligible
compensation. The total expenses related to this plan was $5.6 million, $3.3
million and $5.5 million, in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. In addition to
this plan, the Company has a defined contribution plan for substantially all of
its agents. The Plan expense in 1998, 1997 and 1996 was $3.0 million, $2.8
million and $2.0 million, respectively.
On January 1, 1998, substantially all of the aforementioned defined benefit and
defined contribution 401k plans were merged with the existing benefit plans of
FAFLIC. The merger of benefit plans resulted in a $5.9 million change of
interest adjustment to additional paid in capital during 1998. The change of
interest adjustment arose from FAFLIC's forgiveness of certain Allmerica P&C
benefit plan liabilities attributable to Allmerica P&C's minority interest.
F-30
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
10. OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
In addition to the Company's pension plans, the Company currently provides
postretirement medical and death benefits to certain full-time employees and
dependents, under several plans sponsored by FAFLIC. Generally, employees become
eligible at age 55 with at least 15 years of service. Spousal coverage is
generally provided for up to two years after death of the retiree. Benefits
include hospital, major medical, and a payment at death equal to retirees' final
compensation up to certain limits. Effective January 1, 1996, the Company
revised these benefits so as to establish limits on future benefit payments and
to restrict eligibility to current employees. The medical plans have varying
copayments and deductibles, depending on the plan. These plans are unfunded.
The plan changes, effective January 1, 1996, resulted in a negative plan
amendment (change in eligibility and medical benefits) of $26.8 million and
curtailment (no future increases in life insurance) of $5.3 million. The
negative plan amendment will be amortized as prior service cost over the average
number of years to full eligibility (approximately 9 years or $3.0 million per
year). Of the $5.3 million curtailment gain, $3.3 million has been deducted from
unrecognized loss and $2.0 million has been recorded as a reduction of the net
periodic postretirement benefit expense.
The plans' funded status reconciled with amounts recognized in the Company's
consolidated balance sheet were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Change in benefit obligation:
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at
beginning of year..................................... $ 71.8 $ 72.3
Service cost............................................ 3.1 3.0
Interest cost........................................... 5.1 4.6
Actuarial losses........................................ 7.6 (4.7)
Benefits paid........................................... (3.6) (3.4)
------ ------
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at end of
year.................................................. 84.0 71.8
Fair value of plan assets at end of year................ -- --
------ ------
Funded status of the plan............................... (84.0) (71.8)
Unamortized prior service cost.......................... (12.9) (15.3)
Unrecognized net actuarial losses....................... 7.5 0.8
------ ------
Accumulated postretirement benefit costs................ $(89.4) $(86.3)
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
The components of net periodic postretirement benefit expense were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Service cost................................................ $ 3.1 $ 3.0 $ 3.2
Interest cost............................................... 5.1 4.6 4.6
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)........................ 0.1 (0.1) 0.2
Amortization of prior service cost.......................... (2.4) (2.7) (3.0)
------ ------ ------
Net periodic postretirement benefit cost.................... $ 5.9 $ 4.8 $ 5.0
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
As a result of AFC's merger with APY in 1997, certain postretirement liabilities
were reduced by $6.1 million to reflect their fair value as of the purchase
date. These postretirement liabilities were reduced by $5.4 million in 1998,
which reflects fair value, net of applicable amortization.
F-31
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
For purposes of measuring the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at
December 31, 1998, health care costs were assumed to increase 7.0% in 1999,
declining thereafter until the ultimate rate of 5.5% is reached in 2001 and
remains at that level thereafter. The health care cost trend rate assumption has
a significant effect on the amounts reported. For example, increasing the
assumed health care cost trend rates by one percentage point in each year would
increase the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 1998
by $5.7 million, and the aggregate of the service and interest cost components
of net periodic postretirement benefit expense for 1998 by $0.7 million.
Conversely, decreasing the assumed health care cost trend rates by one
percentage point in each year would decrease the accumulated postretirement
benefit obligation at December 31, 1998 by $5.2 million, and the aggregate of
the service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement benefit
expense for 1998 by $0.6 million.
The weighted-average discount rate used in determining the accumulated
postretirement benefit obligation was 6.5% and 7.0% at December 31, 1998 and
1997. In addition, the actuarial present value of the accumulated postretirement
benefit obligation was determined using an assumed rate of increase in future
compensation levels of 5.5% for FAFLIC agents.
On January 1, 1998, substantially all of the aforementioned postretirement
medical and death benefits plans were merged with the existing benefit plans of
FAFLIC. The merger of benefit plans resulted in a $3.8 million change of
interest adjustment to additional paid in capital during 1998. The change of
interest adjustment arose from FAFLIC's forgiveness of certain Allmerica P&C
benefit plan liabilities attributable to Allmerica P&C's minority interest.
11. DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS
Massachusetts, Delaware, New Hampshire and Michigan have enacted laws governing
the payment of dividends to stockholders by insurers. These laws affect the
dividend paying ability of FAFLIC, AFLIAC, Hanover and Citizens, respectively.
Dividends from FAFLIC and Allmerica P&C (Hanover) are the primary source of cash
flow for AFC.
Massachusetts' statute limits the dividends an insurer may pay in any twelve
month period, without the prior permission of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Insurance Commissioner, to the greater of (i) 10% of its statutory policyholder
surplus as of the preceding December 31 or (ii) the individual company's
statutory net gain from operations for the preceding calendar year (if such
insurer is a life company), or its net income for the preceding calendar year
(if such insurer is not a life company). In addition, under Massachusetts law,
no domestic insurer shall pay a dividend or make any distribution to its
shareholders from other than unassigned funds unless the Commissioner shall have
approved such dividend or distribution. During 1998, FAFLIC paid dividends of
$50.0 million to AFC. No dividends were declared by FAFLIC to AFC during 1997 or
1996 During 1999, FAFLIC could pay dividends of $116.4 million to AFC without
prior approval of the Commissioner.
Pursuant to Delaware's statute, the maximum amount of dividends and other
distributions that an insurer may pay in any twelve month period, without the
prior approval of the Delaware Commissioner of Insurance, is limited to the
greater of (i) 10% of its policyholders' surplus as of the preceding December 31
or (ii) the individual company's statutory net gain from operations for the
preceding calendar year (if such insurer is a life company) or its net income
(not including realized capital gains) for the preceding calendar year (if such
insurer is not a life company). Any dividends to be paid by an insurer, whether
or not in excess of the aforementioned threshold, from a source other than
statutory earned surplus would also require the prior approval of the Delaware
Commissioner of Insurance. No dividends were declared by AFLIAC to FAFLIC during
1998, 1997 or 1996. During 1999, AFLIAC could pay dividends of $26.1 million to
FAFLIC without prior approval.
F-32
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Pursuant to New Hampshire's statute, the maximum dividends and other
distributions that an insurer may pay in any twelve month period, without the
prior approval of the New Hampshire Insurance Commissioner, is limited to 10% of
such insurer's statutory policyholder surplus as of the preceding December 31.
Hanover declared dividends to Allmerica P&C totaling, $125.0 million, $120.0
million and $105.0 million during 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. During
1999, the maximum dividend and other distributions that could be paid to
Allmerica P&C by Hanover, without prior approval of the Insurance Commissioner,
is approximately $1.6 million, which considers an extraordinary dividend of
$125.0 million declared on March 12, 1998. The allowable dividend without prior
approval will increase to $126.6 million on March 12, 1999.
Pursuant to Michigan's statute, the maximum dividends and other distributions
that an insurer may pay in any twelve month period, without prior approval of
the Michigan Insurance Commissioner, is limited to the greater of 10% of
policyholders' surplus as of December 31 of the immediately preceding year or
the statutory net income less realized gains, for the immediately preceding
calendar year. Citizens Insurance paid dividends to Citizens Corporation
totaling $200.0 million and $6.3 million during 1998 and 1996, respectively. A
$180.0 million extraordinary dividend was approved by the Commissioner in 1998.
No dividends were declared by Citizens Insurance during 1997. During 1999,
Citizens Insurance can declare no dividends to Citizens Corporation without
prior approval of the Michigan Insurance Commissioner as a result of the $180.0
million extraordinary dividend declared on December 21, 1998.
12. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company offers financial products and services in two major areas: Risk
Management and Retirement and Asset Accumulation. Within these broad areas, the
Company conducts business principally in four operating segments.
Effective January 1, 1998, the Company adopted Statement No. 131. Upon adoption,
the separate financial information of each segment was re-defined consistent
with the way results are regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision
maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. A
summary of the significant changes in reportable segments is included below.
The Risk Management group includes two segments: Property and Casualty and
Corporate Risk Management Services. The Property and Casualty segment includes
property and casualty insurance products, such as automobile insurance,
homeowners insurance, commercial multiple peril insurance, and workers'
compensation insurance. These products are offered by Allmerica P&C through its
operating subsidiaries, Hanover and Citizens. Substantially all of the Property
and Casualty segment's earnings are generated in Michigan and the Northeast
(Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,
Vermont and Maine). The Corporate Risk Management Services segment includes
group life and health insurance products and services which assist employers in
administering employee benefit programs and in managing the related risks.
The Retirement and Asset Accumulation group includes two segments: Allmerica
Financial Services and Allmerica Asset Management. The Allmerica Financial
Services segment includes variable annuities, variable universal life and
traditional life insurance products distributed via retail channels as well as
group retirement products, such as defined benefit and 401(k) plans and
tax-sheltered annuities distributed to institutions. Through its Allmerica Asset
Management segment, the Company offers its customers the option of investing in
three types of GICs; the traditional GIC, the synthetic GIC and the floating
rate GIC. This segment is also a Registered Investment Advisor providing
investment advisory services, primarily to affiliates, and to other
institutions, such as insurance companies and pension plans. In addition to the
four operating segments, the Company has a Corporate segment, which consists
primarily of cash, investments, corporate debt, Capital Securities and corporate
overhead expenses. Corporate overhead expenses reflect costs not attributable to
a
F-33
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
particular segment, such as those generated by certain officers and directors,
Corporate Technology, Corporate Finance, Human Resources and the legal
department.
Significant changes to the Company's segmentation include a reclassification of
corporate overhead expenses from each operating segment into the Corporate
segment. Additionally, certain products (group retirement products, such as
401(k) plans and tax-sheltered annuities, group variable universal life) and
certain other non-insurance operations (telemarketing and trust services)
previously reported in the Allmerica Financial Institutional Services segment
were combined with the Allmerica Financial Services segment. Also, the Company
reclassified the GIC product line previously reported in the Allmerica Financial
Institutional Services segment into the Allmerica Asset Management segment.
Management evaluates the results of the aforementioned segments based on pre-tax
segment income. Pre-tax segment income is determined by adjusting net income for
net realized investment gains and losses, net gains and losses on disposals of
businesses, extraordinary items, the cumulative effect of accounting changes and
certain other items which management believes are not indicative of overall
operating trends. While these items may be significant components in
understanding and assessing the Company's financial performance, management
believes that the presentation of pre-tax segment income enhances its
understanding of the Company's results of operations by highlighting net income
attributable to the normal, recurring operations of the business. However,
pre-tax segment income should not be construed as a substitute for net income
determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Summarized below is financial information with respect to business segments:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Segment revenues:
Risk Management
Property and Casualty................................... $2,204.8 $2,211.0 $2,145.8
Corporate Risk Management Services...................... 412.9 405.4 370.7
-------- -------- --------
Subtotal............................................ 2,617.7 2,616.4 2,516.5
-------- -------- --------
Retirement and Asset Accumulation
Allmerica Financial Services............................ 721.2 709.7 700.0
Allmerica Asset Management.............................. 121.7 91.1 110.5
-------- -------- --------
Subtotal............................................ 842.9 800.8 810.5
-------- -------- --------
Corporate................................................. 2.3 5.5 5.2
Intersegment revenues..................................... (7.6) (11.6) (13.8)
-------- -------- --------
Total segment revenues including Closed Block........... 3,455.2 3,411.1 3,318.4
-------- -------- --------
Adjustment to segment revenues:
Adjustment for Closed Block............................. (98.4) (102.6) (105.7)
Net realized gains...................................... 62.6 75.6 66.8
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues...................................... $3,419.4 $3,384.2 $3,279.5
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
F-34
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Segment income (loss) before income taxes and minority
interest:
Risk Management
Property and Casualty................................... $151.4 $172.9 $170.7
Corporate Risk Management Services...................... 7.8 27.0 28.3
------ ------ ------
Subtotal............................................ 159.2 199.9 199.0
------ ------ ------
Retirement and Asset Accumulation
Allmerica Financial Services............................ 166.6 134.6 106.8
Allmerica Asset Management.............................. 23.7 18.4 11.5
------ ------ ------
Subtotal............................................ 190.3 153.0 118.3
------ ------ ------
Corporate................................................. (45.3) (44.6) (36.6)
------ ------ ------
Segment income before income taxes and minority
interest.............................................. 304.2 308.3 280.7
------ ------ ------
Adjustments to segment income:
Net realized investment gains, net of amortization...... 53.9 78.7 69.6
Sales practice litigation expense....................... (31.0) -- --
Loss on exiting reinsurance pools....................... (25.3)
Gain from change in mortality assumptions............... -- 47.0 --
Loss on cession of disability income business........... -- (53.9) --
Restructuring costs..................................... (13.0) -- --
Other items............................................. (.7) (3.2) (1.1)
------ ------ ------
Income before taxes and minority interest................. $288.1 $376.9 $349.2
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- -------- ------
DEFERRED
ACQUISITION
IDENTIFIABLE ASSETS COSTS
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Risk Management
Property and Casualty................................... $ 5,649.0 $ 5,650.4 $ 164.9 $167.2
Corporate Risk Management Services...................... 567.8 619.8 2.6 2.9
--------- --------- -------- ------
Subtotal............................................ 6,216.8 6,270.2 167.5 170.1
Retirement and Asset Accumulation
Allmerica Financial Services............................ 19,407.3 15,159.2 993.1 794.5
Allmerica Asset Management.............................. 1,810.9 1,035.1 0.6 0.9
--------- --------- -------- ------
Subtotal............................................ 21,218.2 16,194.3 993.7 795.4
Corporate............................................... 29.6 26.9 -- --
--------- --------- -------- ------
Total............................................... $27,464.6 $22,491.4 $1,161.2 $965.5
--------- --------- -------- ------
--------- --------- -------- ------
</TABLE>
13. LEASE COMMITMENTS
Rental expenses for operating leases, principally with respect to buildings,
amounted to $34.9 million, $33.6 million and $34.9 million in 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively. At December 31, 1998, future minimum rental payments under
non-cancelable operating leases were approximately $73.5 million, payable as
follows: 1999 -- $28.6 million; 2000 -- $21.0 million; 2001 -- $13.8 million;
2002 -- $6.9 million; and $3.2 million thereafter. It is expected that, in the
normal course of business, leases that expire will be renewed or replaced by
leases on other property and equipment; thus, it is anticipated that future
minimum lease commitments will not be less than the amounts shown for 1999.
F-35
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
14. REINSURANCE
In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to reduce the loss that may
arise from catastrophes or other events that cause unfavorable underwriting
results by reinsuring certain levels of risk in various areas of exposure with
other insurance enterprises or reinsurers. Reinsurance transactions are
accounted for in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 113, "Accounting and
Reporting for Reinsurance of Short Duration and Long Duration Contracts".
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with
the claim liability associated with the reinsured policy. Reinsurance contracts
do not relieve the Company from its obligations to policyholders. Failure of
reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company;
consequently, allowances are established for amounts deemed uncollectible. The
Company determines the appropriate amount of reinsurance based on evaluation of
the risks accepted and analyses prepared by consultants and reinsurers and on
market conditions (including the availability and pricing of reinsurance). The
Company also believes that the terms of its reinsurance contracts are consistent
with industry practice in that they contain standard terms with respect to lines
of business covered, limit and retention, arbitration and occurrence. Based on
its review of its reinsurers' financial statements and reputations in the
reinsurance marketplace, the Company believes that its reinsurers are
financially sound.
The Company is subject to concentration of risk with respect to reinsurance
ceded to various residual market mechanisms. As a condition to the ability to
conduct certain business in various states, the Company is required to
participate in various residual market mechanisms and pooling arrangements which
provide various insurance coverages to individuals or other entities that are
otherwise unable to purchase such coverage voluntarily provided by private
insurers. These market mechanisms and pooling arrangements include the
Massachusetts Commonwealth Automobile Reinsurers ("CAR"), the Maine Workers'
Compensation Residual Market Pool ("MWCRP") and the Michigan Catastrophic Claims
Association ("MCCA"). At December 31, 1998, CAR was the only reinsurer which
represented 10% or more of the Company's reinsurance business. As a servicing
carrier in Massachusetts, the Company cedes a significant portion of its private
passenger and commercial automobile premiums to CAR. Net premiums earned and
losses and loss adjustment expenses ceded to CAR in 1998, 1997 and 1996 were
$34.3 million and $38.1 million, $32.3 million and $28.2 million, and $38.0
million and $21.8 million, respectively. The Company ceded to MCCA premiums
earned and losses and loss adjustment expenses in 1998, 1997 and 1996 of $3.7
million and $18.0 million, $9.8 million and $(0.8) million, and $50.5 million
and $(52.9) million, respectively.
On June 2, 1998, the Company recorded a $124.2 million one-time reduction of its
direct and ceded written premiums as a result of a return of excess surplus from
MCCA. This transaction had no impact on the total net premiums recorded by the
Company in 1998.
Because the MCCA is supported by assessments permitted by statute, and all
amounts billed by the Company to CAR, MWCRP and MCCA have been paid when due,
the Company believes that it has no significant exposure to uncollectible
reinsurance balances.
F-36
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The effects of reinsurance were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Life and accident and health insurance premiums:
Direct.................................................. $ 416.6 $ 417.4 $ 389.1
Assumed................................................. 111.9 110.7 87.8
Ceded................................................... (189.8) (170.1) (138.9)
---------- -------- --------
Net premiums................................................ $ 338.7 $ 358.0 $ 338.0
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
Property and casualty premiums written:
Direct.................................................. $1,969.3 $2,068.5 $2,039.7
Assumed................................................. 58.8 103.1 108.7
Ceded................................................... (74.1) (179.8) (234.0)
---------- -------- --------
Net premiums................................................ $1,954.0 $1,991.8 $1,914.4
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
Property and casualty premiums earned:
Direct.................................................. $1,966.8 $2,046.2 $2,018.5
Assumed................................................. 64.5 102.0 112.4
Ceded................................................... (66.1) (195.1) (232.6)
---------- -------- --------
Net premiums................................................ $1,965.2 $1,953.1 $1,898.3
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
Life insurance and other individual policy benefits, claims,
losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Direct.................................................. $ 653.6 $ 656.4 $ 606.5
Assumed................................................. 67.9 61.6 44.9
Ceded................................................... (164.0) (158.8) (77.8)
---------- -------- --------
Net policy benefits, claims, losses and loss adjustment
expenses................................................... $ 557.5 $ 559.2 $ 573.6
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
Property and casualty benefits, claims, losses and loss
adjustment expenses:
Direct.................................................. $1,588.3 $1,464.9 $1,299.8
Assumed................................................. 62.7 101.2 85.8
Ceded................................................... (158.2) (120.6) (2.2)
---------- -------- --------
Net policy benefits, claims, losses, and loss adjustment
expenses................................................... $1,492.8 $1,445.5 $1,383.4
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
15. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS
The following reflects changes to the deferred policy acquisition asset:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at beginning of year................................ $ 965.5 $ 822.7 $ 735.7
Acquisition expenses deferred........................... 641.2 617.7 547.4
Amortized to expense during the year.................... (452.8) (476.0) (470.1)
Adjustment to equity during the year.................... 7.3 (11.1) 9.7
Adjustment for cession of disability income insurance... -- (38.6) --
Adjustment for revision of universal and variable
universal life insurance mortality assumptions........ -- 50.8 --
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year...................................... $1,161.2 $ 965.5 $ 822.7
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
F-37
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
At October 1, 1997, the Company revised the mortality assumptions for universal
life and variable universal life product lines. These revisions resulted in a
$50.8 million recapitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs.
16. LIABILITIES FOR OUTSTANDING CLAIMS, LOSSES AND
LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
The Company regularly updates its estimates of liabilities for outstanding
claims, losses and loss adjustment expenses as new information becomes available
and further events occur which may impact the resolution of unsettled claims for
its property and casualty and its accident and health lines of business. Changes
in prior estimates are recorded in results of operations in the year such
changes are determined to be needed.
The liability for future policy benefits and outstanding claims, losses and loss
adjustment expenses related to the Company's accident and health business was
$568.0 million, $533.6 million and $471.7 million at December 31, 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively. Accident and health claim liabilities were re-estimated for
all prior years and were increased by $14.6 million in 1998, and decreased by
$0.2 million and $0.6 million in 1997 and 1996, respectively. The increase in
1998 resulted from the Company's reserve strengthening primarily in the assumed
reinsurance and stop loss only business.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending
property and casualty reserve for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
(LAE):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Reserve for losses and LAE, beginning of the year........... $2,615.4 $2,744.1 $2,896.0
Incurred losses and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverable:
Provision for insured events of the current year........ 1,609.0 1,564.1 1,513.3
Decrease in provision for insured events of prior
years................................................. (127.2) (127.9) (141.4)
-------- -------- --------
Total incurred losses and LAE............................... 1,481.8 1,436.2 1,371.9
-------- -------- --------
Payments, net of reinsurance recoverable:
Losses and LAE attributable to insured events of current
year.................................................. 871.9 775.1 759.6
Losses and LAE attributable to insured events of prior
years................................................. 643.0 732.1 627.6
-------- -------- --------
Total payments.............................................. 1,514.9 1,507.2 1,387.2
-------- -------- --------
Change in reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses.......... 15.0 (50.2) (136.6)
-------- -------- --------
Other (1)................................................... -- (7.5) --
-------- -------- --------
Reserve for losses and LAE, end of year..................... $2,597.3 $2,615.4 $2,744.1
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
(1) Includes purchase accounting adjustments.
As part of an ongoing process, the property and casualty reserves have been
re-estimated for all prior accident years and were decreased by $127.2 million,
$127.9 million and $141.1 million in 1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively.
The decrease in favorable development on prior years' reserves of $0.7 million
in 1998 results from a $20.7 million decrease in favorable development at
Citizens, significantly offset by a $20.0 million increase in favorable
development at Hanover. The decrease in favorable development on prior year
reserves at Citizens in 1998, reflects a $13.8 million decrease in favorable
development, to $21.9 million, in the workers' compensation line. In addition,
favorable development in the commercial multiple peril line decreased $4.0
million, to
F-38
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
$0.3 million. These declines in favorable development are partially offset by
continued favorable development on prior year reserves in the personal
automobile line due to tort reform in Michigan, which became effective July 26,
1996. The new legislation requires judges rather than juries to determine if the
minimum threshold to allow pain and suffering damage settlements has been met.
The increase in favorable development at Hanover during 1998 reflects a $20.6
million increase in favorable development on prior year reserves, to $38.0
million, in the personal automobile line, as well as a $14.9 million increase to
$12.1 million in the commercial multiple peril line. These increases are
primarily attributable to the initiatives taken by the Company over the past two
years which are expected to reduce ultimate settlement costs. These increases
are partially offset by less favorable development in the workers' compensation
line where favorable development on prior year reserves decreased $19.2 million,
to $9.6 million.
The decrease in favorable development on prior years' reserves of $13.5 million
in 1997 results primarily from a $24.6 million decrease in favorable development
at Hanover to $58.4 million, partially offset by an $11.1 million increase in
favorable development at Citizens to $69.5 million. The decrease in Hanover's
favorable development of $24.6 million in 1997 reflects a decrease in favorable
development of $25.0 million, to $17.4 million, in the personal automobile line
as well as a decrease in favorable development of $8.5 million, to unfavorable
development of $2.8 million, in the commercial multiple peril line. These
decreases were partially offset by an increase in favorable development in the
workers' compensation line of $11.5 million, to $28.8 million. The increase in
favorable development at Citizens in 1997, reflects improved severity in the
workers' compensation line where favorable development increased $13.9 million,
to $35.7 million, and in the commercial multiple peril line where favorable
development increased $7.0 million, to $4.3 million. These increases are
partially offset by less favorable development in the personal automobile line,
where favorable development decreased $10.5 million, to $22.5 million in 1997.
This favorable development reflects the Regional Property and Casualty
subsidiaries' reserving philosophy consistently applied over these periods.
Conditions and trends that have affected development of the loss and LAE
reserves in the past may not necessarily occur in the future.
Due to the nature of the business written by the Regional Property and Casualty
subsidiaries, the exposure to environmental liabilities is relatively small and
therefore their reserves are relatively small compared to other types of
liabilities. Loss and LAE reserves related to environmental damage and toxic
tort liability, included in the total reserve for losses and LAE were $49.9
million, $53.1 million and $50.8 million, net of reinsurance of $14.2 million,
$15.7 million and $20.2 million in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. The
Regional Property and Casualty subsidiaries do not specifically underwrite
policies that include this coverage, but as case law expands policy provisions
and insurers' liability beyond the intended coverage, the Regional Property and
Casualty subsidiaries may be required to defend such claims. The Company
estimated its ultimate liability for these claims based upon currently known
facts, reasonable assumptions where the facts are not known, current law and
methodologies currently available. Although these claims are not material, their
existence gives rise to uncertainty and is discussed because of the possibility,
however remote, that they may become material. The Company believes that,
notwithstanding the evolution of case law expanding liability in environmental
claims, recorded reserves related to these claims are adequate. In addition, the
Company is not aware of any litigation or pending claims that may result in
additional material liabilities in excess of recorded reserves. The
environmental liability could be revised in the near term if the estimates used
in determining the liability are revised.
17. MINORITY INTEREST
The Company's interest in Allmerica P&C is represented by ownership of 70.0%,
65.8% and 59.5% of the outstanding shares of common stock at December 31, 1998,
1997 and 1996, respectively. Earnings and
F-39
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
shareholder's equity attributable to minority shareholders are included in
minority interest in the consolidated financial statements.
18. CONTINGENCIES
REGULATORY AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS
Unfavorable economic conditions may contribute to an increase in the number of
insurance companies that are under regulatory supervision. This may result in an
increase in mandatory assessments by state guaranty funds, or voluntary payments
by solvent insurance companies to cover losses to policyholders of insolvent or
rehabilitated companies. Mandatory assessments, which are subject to statutory
limits, can be partially recovered through a reduction in future premium taxes
in some states. The Company is not able to reasonably estimate the potential
effect on it of any such future assessments or voluntary payments.
LITIGATION
In July 1997, a lawsuit on behalf of a putative class was instituted in
Louisiana against AFC and certain of its subsidiaries, including FAFLIC, by
individual plaintiffs alleging fraud, unfair or deceptive acts, breach of
contract, misrepresentation, and related claims in the sale of life insurance
policies. In October 1997, the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the Louisiana
suit and filed a substantially similar action in Federal District Court in
Worcester, Massachusetts. In early November 1998, the Company and the plaintiffs
entered into a settlement agreement, to which the court granted preliminary
approval on December 4, 1998. A hearing was held on March 19, 1999 to consider
final approval of the settlement agreement. A decision by the court is expected
to be rendered in the near future. Accordingly, FAFLIC recognized a $31.0
million pre-tax expense during the third quarter of 1998 related to this
litigation. Although the Company believes that this expense reflects appropriate
recognition of its obligation under the settlement, this estimate assumes the
availability of insurance coverage for certain claims, and the estimate may be
revised based on the amount of reimbursement actually tendered by AFC's
insurance carriers, if any, and based on changes in the Company's estimate of
the ultimate cost of the benefits to be provided to members of the class.
The Company has been named a defendant in various other legal proceedings
arising in the normal course of business. In the Company's opinion, based on the
advice of legal counsel, the ultimate resolution of these proceedings will not
have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
However, liabilities related to these proceedings could be established in the
near term if estimates of the ultimate resolution of these proceedings are
revised.
RESIDUAL MARKETS
The Company is required to participate in residual markets in various states.
The results of the residual markets are not subject to the predictability
associated with the Company's own managed business, and are significant to the
workers' compensation line of business and both the private passenger and
commercial automobile lines of business.
YEAR 2000
The Year 2000 issue is the result of computer programs being written using two
digits rather than four to define the applicable year. Any of the Company's
computer programs that have date-sensitive software may recognize a date using
"00" as the year 1900 rather than the year 2000. This could result in a system
failure or miscalculations causing disruptions of operations, including, among
other things, a temporary inability to process transactions, send invoices, or
engage in similar normal business activities.
F-40
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Although the Company does not believe that there is a material contingency
associated with the Year 2000 project, there can be no assurance that exposure
for material contingencies will not arise.
19. STATUTORY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The Company and its insurance subsidiaries are required to file annual
statements with state regulatory authorities prepared on an accounting basis
prescribed or permitted by such authorities (statutory basis). Statutory surplus
differs from shareholder's equity reported in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles primarily because policy acquisition costs are expensed
when incurred, investment reserves are based on different assumptions,
postretirement benefit costs are based on different assumptions and reflect a
different method of adoption, life insurance reserves are based on different
assumptions and income tax expense reflects only taxes paid or currently
payable. Statutory net income and surplus are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Statutory Net Income (Combined)
Property and Casualty Companies......................... $ 180.7 $ 190.3 $ 155.5
Life and Health Companies............................... 86.4 191.2 133.3
Statutory Shareholder's Surplus (Combined)
Property and Casualty Companies......................... $1,269.3 $1,279.6 $1,201.6
Life and Health Companies............................... 1,164.1 1,221.3 1,120.1
</TABLE>
20. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On April 1, 1999, Allmerica P&C redeemed an additional 3,246.8 shares of its
issued and outstanding common stock owned by AFC for $125.0 million, thereby
increasing FAFLIC's ownership of Allmerica P&C by 4.8%. The 1999 transaction
consisted of $75.4 million of securities and $49.6 million of cash.
F-41
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors of First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company
and the Policyowners of the Group VEL Account of First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company
In our opinion, the accompanying statements of assets and liabilities, and the
related statements of operations and changes in net assets present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of each of the Sub-Accounts
constituting the Group VEL Account of First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance
Company at December 31, 1998, the results of each of their operations and the
changes in each of their net assets for each of the three years in the period
then ended, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. These
financial statements are the responsibility of First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on
these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these
financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards
which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance
about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An
audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits, which included
confirmation of securities at December 31, 1998 by correspondence with the
Funds, provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
March 26, 1999
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
DECEMBER 31, 1998
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INVESTMENT MONEY EQUITY GOVERNMENT
GROWTH GRADE INCOME MARKET INDEX BOND
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Investments in shares of Allmerica
Investment Trust........................... $ 429 $ 271 $ 242 $ 503 $ 258
Investments in shares of Fidelity Variable
Insurance Products Funds (VIP)............. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of T. Rowe Price
International Series, Inc.................. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of Delaware Group
Premium Fund, Inc.......................... -- -- -- -- --
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
Total assets.............................. 429 271 242 503 258
LIABILITIES: -- -- -- -- --
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
Net assets................................ $ 429 $ 271 $ 242 $ 503 $ 258
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
Net asset distribution by category:
Variable life policies.................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Value of investment by First Allmerica
Financial Life Insurance Company
(Sponsor)............................... 429 271 242 503 258
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
$ 429 $ 271 $ 242 $ 503 $ 258
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
Units outstanding, December 31, 1998........ 200 200 200 200 200
Net asset value per unit, December 31,
1998....................................... $2.145962 $1.356605 $1.210004 $2.516518 $1.290007
<CAPTION>
SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT
AGGRESSIVE SELECT GROWTH VALUE INTERNATIONAL
GROWTH GROWTH AND INCOME OPPORTUNITY* EQUITY
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Investments in shares of Allmerica
Investment Trust........................... $ 388 $ 523 $ 418 $ 372 $ 336
Investments in shares of Fidelity Variable
Insurance Products Funds (VIP)............. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of T. Rowe Price
International Series, Inc.................. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of Delaware Group
Premium Fund, Inc.......................... -- -- -- -- --
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
Total assets.............................. 388 523 418 372 336
LIABILITIES: -- -- -- -- --
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
Net assets................................ $ 388 $ 523 $ 418 $ 372 $ 336
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
Net asset distribution by category:
Variable life policies.................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Value of investment by First Allmerica
Financial Life Insurance Company
(Sponsor)............................... 388 523 418 372 336
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
$ 388 $ 523 $ 418 $ 372 $ 336
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
Units outstanding, December 31, 1998........ 200 200 200 200 200
Net asset value per unit, December 31,
1998....................................... $1.938832 $2.612654 $2.087608 $1.861037 $1.680427
</TABLE>
* Name changed. See Note 1.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-1
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FIDELITY
SELECT SELECT SELECT VIP FIDELITY
CAPITAL EMERGING STRATEGIC HIGH VIP
APPRECIATION MARKETS(a) GROWTH(a) INCOME EQUITY-INCOME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Investments in shares of
Allmerica Investment Trust... $ 394 $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Investments in shares of
Fidelity Variable Insurance
Products Funds (VIP)......... -- -- -- 284 393
Investment in shares of T.
Rowe Price International
Series, Inc.................. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of
Delaware Group Premium Fund,
Inc.......................... -- -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total assets................ 394 -- -- 284 393
LIABILITIES: -- -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net assets.................. $ 394 $ -- $ -- $ 284 $ 393
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net asset distribution by
category:
Variable life policies...... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Value of investment by First
Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company
(Sponsor)................. 394 -- -- 284 393
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
$ 394 $ -- $ -- $ 284 $ 393
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Units outstanding, December
31, 1998..................... 200 -- -- 200 200
Net asset value per unit,
December 31, 1998............ $1.972109 $1.000000 $1.000000 $1.420445 $1.964372
<CAPTION>
FIDELITY T. ROWE
FIDELITY FIDELITY VIP II PRICE DGPF
VIP VIP ASSET INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL
GROWTH OVERSEAS MANAGER STOCK(a) EQUITY
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Investments in shares of
Allmerica Investment Trust... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Investments in shares of
Fidelity Variable Insurance
Products Funds (VIP)......... 492 306 358 -- --
Investment in shares of T.
Rowe Price International
Series, Inc.................. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of
Delaware Group Premium Fund,
Inc.......................... -- -- -- -- 307
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total assets................ 492 306 358 -- 307
LIABILITIES: -- -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net assets.................. $ 492 $ 306 $ 358 $ -- $ 307
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net asset distribution by
category:
Variable life policies...... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Value of investment by First
Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company
(Sponsor)................. 492 306 358 -- 307
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
$ 492 $ 306 $ 358 $ -- $ 307
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Units outstanding, December
31, 1998..................... 200 200 200 -- 200
Net asset value per unit,
December 31, 1998............ $2.461978 $1.530786 $1.789209 $1.000000 $1.535924
</TABLE>
(a) For the period ended 12/31/98, there were no transactions.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-2
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INVESTMENT
GROWTH GRADE INCOME MONEY MARKET
------------------- ------------------- -------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ 4 $ 6 $ 5 $ 15 $ 15 $ 14 $ 12 $ 12 $ 11
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. 4 6 5 15 15 14 12 12 11
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 4 58 26 -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 4 58 26 -- -- -- -- -- --
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 61 9 17 5 6 (6) -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 65 67 43 5 6 (6) -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 69 73 48 20 21 8 12 12 11
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 69 73 48 20 21 8 12 12 11
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 360 287 239 251 230 222 230 218 207
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 429 $ 360 $ 287 $ 271 $ 251 $ 230 $ 242 $ 230 $ 218
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<CAPTION>
EQUITY INDEX GOVERNMENT BOND
----------------------- -----------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ 5 $ 4 $ 5 $ 14 $ 13 $ 13
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. 5 4 5 14 13 13
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 12 11 4 -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 12 11 4 -- -- --
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 94 81 45 4 3 (5)
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 106 92 49 4 3 (5)
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 111 96 54 18 16 8
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 111 96 54 18 16 8
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 392 296 242 240 224 216
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 503 $ 392 $ 296 $ 258 $ 240 $ 224
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-3
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SELECT SELECT
AGGRESSIVE GROWTH SELECT GROWTH GROWTH AND INCOME
------------------- ------------------- -------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 1 $ 1 $ 5 $ 4 $ 4
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. -- -- -- -- 1 1 5 4 4
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... -- 29 21 4 20 40 1 31 21
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... -- 29 21 4 20 40 1 31 21
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 37 27 25 133 77 11 53 31 26
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 37 56 46 137 97 51 54 62 47
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 37 56 46 137 98 52 59 66 51
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 37 56 46 137 98 52 59 66 51
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 351 295 249 386 288 236 359 293 242
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 388 $ 351 $ 295 $ 523 $ 386 $ 288 $ 418 $ 359 $ 293
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<CAPTION>
SELECT SELECT
VALUE OPPORTUNITY* INTERNATIONAL EQUITY
----------------------- -----------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ 3 $ 2 $ 2 $ 4 $ 7 $ 5
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. 3 2 2 4 7 5
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 1 47 12 -- 9 1
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 1 47 12 -- 9 1
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 13 22 49 43 (3) 44
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 14 69 61 43 6 45
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 17 71 63 47 13 50
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 17 71 63 47 13 50
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 355 284 221 289 276 226
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 372 $ 355 $ 284 $ 336 $ 289 $ 276
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
* Name changed. See Note 1.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-4
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SELECT
CAPITAL FIDELITY VIP FIDELITY VIP
APPRECIATION HIGH INCOME EQUITY-INCOME
------------------- ------------------- -------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 21 $ 18 $ 17 $ 5 $ 4 $ --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. -- -- -- 21 18 17 5 4 --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 60 -- 1 13 2 3 18 24 11
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 60 -- 1 13 2 3 18 24 11
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... (12) 43 23 (47) 25 11 18 49 23
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 48 43 24 (34) 27 14 36 73 34
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 48 43 24 (13) 45 31 41 77 34
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 48 43 24 (13) 45 31 41 77 34
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 346 303 279 297 252 221 352 275 241
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 394 $ 346 $ 303 $ 284 $ 297 $ 252 $ 393 $ 352 $ 275
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<CAPTION>
FIDELITY VIP FIDELITY VIP
GROWTH OVERSEAS
--------------------- ---------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ 2 $ 1 $ 1 $ 5 $ 5 $ 2
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. 2 1 1 5 5 2
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 47 9 17 16 17 3
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 47 9 17 16 17 3
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 90 57 19 13 7 23
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 137 66 36 29 24 26
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 139 67 37 34 29 28
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 139 67 37 34 29 28
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 353 286 249 272 243 215
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 492 $ 353 $ 286 $ 306 $ 272 $ 243
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-5
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FIDELITY VIP II DGPF
ASSET MANAGER INTERNATIONAL EQUITY
--------------------- ---------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends.................................. $ 10 $ 8 $ 8 $ 11 $ 9 $ 7
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income (loss)............. 10 8 8 11 9 7
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN (LOSS) ON
INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions from portfolio
sponsors................................. 30 23 7 -- -- 2
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss)................... 30 23 7 -- -- 2
Net unrealized gain (loss)................. 7 22 18 18 8 35
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and unrealized gain
(loss)................................. 37 45 25 18 8 37
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in net assets from
operations............................... 47 53 33 29 17 44
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- --
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in net assets from
policy transactions...................... -- -- -- -- -- --
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in net assets...... 47 53 33 29 17 44
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year.......................... 311 258 225 278 261 217
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................................ $ 358 $ 311 $ 258 $ 307 $ 278 $ 261
-
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-6
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 -- ORGANIZATION
The Group VEL Account (Group VEL) is a separate investment account of First
Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company (the Company), established on
November 13, 1996 (initial investment by the Company occurred on May 1, 1995),
for the purpose of separating from the general assets of the Company those
assets used to fund the variable portion of certain flexible premium variable
life policies issued by the Company. The Company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Allmerica Financial Corporation (AFC). Under applicable insurance law, the
assets and liabilities of Group VEL are clearly identified and distinguished
from the other assets and liabilities of the Company. Group VEL cannot be
charged with liabilities arising out of any other business of the Company.
Group VEL is registered as a unit investment trust under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). Group VEL currently offers
forty-one Sub-Accounts. In addition to the Sub-Accounts disclosed on the
Statements of Assets and Liabilities, Group VEL established twenty-one
additional Sub-Accounts effective December 15, 1998. The initial public offering
of these Sub-Accounts did not occur in 1998, therefore, these Sub-Accounts are
not included in the financial statements. Each Sub-Account invests exclusively
in a corresponding investment portfolio of the Allmerica Investment Trust (the
Trust) managed by Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services, Inc.
(AFIMS) (successor to Allmerica Investment Management Company, Inc.), a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company; or of the Variable Insurance Products
Fund (Fidelity VIP) or the Variable Insurance Products Fund II (Fidelity VIP II)
or the Variable Insurance Products Fund III (Fidelity VIP III), all of which are
managed by Fidelity Management & Research Company (FMR); or of the T. Rowe Price
International Series, Inc. (T. Rowe Price) managed by Rowe Price-Fleming
International, Inc.; or of The Delaware Group Premium Fund, Inc. (DGPF) managed
by Delaware Management Company or Delaware International Advisers Ltd.; or of
the Mutual Fund Variable Annuity Trust (MFVAT) managed by the Chase Manhattan
Bank, N.A. The Trust, Fidelity VIP, Fidelity VIP II, Fidelity VIP III, T. Rowe
Price, DGPF, and MFVAT (the Funds) are open-end, management investment companies
registered under the 1940 Act.
Effective January 9, 1998, Small-Mid Cap Value Fund was renamed Select Value
Opportunity Fund.
Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform with current
year presentation.
NOTE 2 -- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
INVESTMENTS -- Security transactions are recorded on the trade date.
Investments held by the Sub-Accounts are stated at the net asset value per share
of the respective investment portfolio of the Funds. Net realized gains and
losses on securities sold are determined using the average cost method.
Dividends and capital gain distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date
and are reinvested in additional shares of the respective investment portfolio
of the Funds at net asset value.
FEDERAL INCOME TAXES -- The Company is taxed as a "life insurance company"
under Subchapter L of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code) and files a
consolidated federal income tax return. The Company anticipates no tax liability
resulting from the operations of Group VEL. Therefore, no provision for income
taxes has been charged against Group VEL.
SA-7
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 3 -- INVESTMENTS
The number of shares owned, aggregate cost, and net asset value per share of
each Sub-Account's investment in the Funds at December 31, 1998 were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PORTFOLIO INFORMATION
---------------------------------
NET ASSET
NUMBER OF AGGREGATE VALUE
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO SHARES COST PER SHARE
- ---------------------------------------- --------- ---------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Growth.................................. 152 $324 $2.825
Investment Grade Income................. 240 256 1.132
Money Market............................ 242 242 1.000
Equity Index............................ 148 259 3.408
Government Bond......................... 242 249 1.068
Select Aggressive Growth................ 158 249 2.460
Select Growth........................... 215 267 2.428
Select Growth and Income................ 235 278 1.779
Select Value Opportunity*............... 221 275 1.685
Select International Equity............. 218 229 1.542
Select Capital Appreciation............. 241 266 1.640
Select Emerging Markets................. -- -- 0.784
Select Strategic Growth................. -- -- 0.973
Fidelity VIP High Income................ 25 275 11.530
Fidelity VIP Equity-Income.............. 15 266 25.420
Fidelity VIP Growth..................... 11 278 44.870
Fidelity VIP Overseas................... 15 248 20.050
Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager........... 20 286 18.160
T. Rowe Price International Stock....... -- -- 14.520
DGPF International Equity............... 19 229 16.480
</TABLE>
* Name changed. See Note 1.
NOTE 4 -- RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
On the date of issue and each monthly payment date thereafter, a monthly
charge is deducted from the policy value to compensate the Company for the cost
of insurance, which varies by policy, the cost of any additional benefits
provided by rider, and a monthly administrative charge. The policyowner may
instruct the Company to deduct this monthly charge from a specific Sub-Account,
but if not so specified, it will be deducted on a pro-rata basis of allocation
which is the same proportion that the policy value in the General Account of the
Company and in each Sub-Account bear to the total policy value.
The Company makes a charge of up to 0.90% per annum based on the average
daily net asset value of each certificate (certificate value) in each
Sub-Account for mortality and expense risks. This charge may be different
between groups and increased or decreased within a group, subject to compliance
with applicable state and federal requirements, but the total charge may not
exceed 0.90% per annum. During the first 10 policy years, the Company may charge
up to 0.25% per annum based on the certificate value in each Sub-Account for
administrative expenses. These expenses are included in insurance and other
charges on the statements of operations and changes in net assets.
SA-8
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 4 -- RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)
Allmerica Investments, Inc. (Allmerica Investments), a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Company, is principal underwriter and general distributor of
Group VEL, and does not receive any compensation for sales of Group VEL
policies. Commissions are paid to registered representatives of Allmerica
Investments and to independent broker-dealers by the Company. The current series
of policies have a surrender charge and no deduction is made for sales charges
at the time of the sale. For the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996,
there were no surrender charges applicable to Group VEL.
NOTE 5 -- DIVERSIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
Under the provisions of Section 817(h) of the Code, a variable life
insurance policy, other than a policy issued in connection with certain types of
employee benefit plans, will not be treated as a variable life insurance policy
for federal income tax purposes for any period for which the investments of the
segregated asset account on which the policy is based are not adequately
diversified. The Code provides that the "adequately diversified" requirement may
be met if the underlying investments satisfy either a statutory safe harbor test
or diversification requirements set forth in regulations issued by the Secretary
of The Treasury.
The Internal Revenue Service has issued regulations under Section 817(h) of
the Code. The Company believes that Group VEL satisfies the current requirements
of the regulations, and it intends that Group VEL will continue to meet such
requirements.
SA-9
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 6 -- PURCHASES AND SALES OF SECURITIES
Cost of purchases and proceeds from sales of shares of the Funds by Group
VEL during the year ended December 31, 1998 were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO PURCHASES SALES
- ------------------------------------------------------- --------- -----
<S> <C> <C>
Growth................................................. $ 8 $ --
Investment Grade Income................................ 15 --
Money Market........................................... 12 --
Equity Index........................................... 17 --
Government Bond........................................ 14 --
Select Aggressive Growth............................... -- --
Select Growth.......................................... 4 --
Select Growth and Income............................... 6 --
Select Value Opportunity*.............................. 4 --
Select International Equity............................ 4 --
Select Capital Appreciation............................ 60 --
Select Emerging Markets................................ -- --
Select Strategic Growth................................ -- --
Fidelity VIP High Income............................... 34 --
Fidelity VIP Equity-Income............................. 23 --
Fidelity VIP Growth.................................... 49 --
Fidelity VIP Overseas.................................. 21 --
Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager.......................... 40 --
T. Rowe Price International Stock...................... -- --
DGPF International Equity.............................. 11 --
--------- -----
Totals............................................... $322 $ --
--------- -----
--------- -----
</TABLE>
* Name changed. See Note 1.
SA-10
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS
GROUP FLEXIBLE PREMIUM VARIABLE LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS
This Prospectus provides important information about
Group Vari-Exceptional Life Plus, a group flexible
premium variable life insurance policy offered by
First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company.
Certificates under the Policy are available to
eligible applicants who are members of a
non-qualified benefit plan having a minimum of five
or more members, depending on the group, and who are
PLEASE READ THIS Age 80 years old and under.
PROSPECTUS CAREFULLY
BEFORE INVESTING AND
KEEP IT FOR FUTURE
REFERENCE.
The certificates are funded through the Group VEL
Account, a separate investment account of the Company
that is referred to as the Separate Account, and a
fixed interest account of the Company referred to as
the General Account. The Separate Account is
subdivided into Sub-Accounts. Each Sub-Account
invests exclusively in shares of one of the following
Funds of Allmerica Investment Trust, Mutual Fund
Variable Annuity Trust, Delaware Group Premium Fund,
Inc. and T. Rowe Price International Series, Inc.
VARIABLE LIFE
POLICIES INVOLVE
RISKS INCLUDING
POSSIBLE LOSS OF
PRINCIPAL.
<TABLE>
<C> <S> <C>
THIS PROSPECTUS MUST ALLMERICA INVESTMENT TRUST MUTUAL FUND VARIABLE ANNUITY TRUST
BE ACCOMPANIED BY ------------------------- ----------------------------------
PROSPECTUSES OF Select Aggressive Growth Fund MFVAT International Equity Portfolio
ALLMERICA INVESTMENT Select Capital Appreciation Fund MFVAT Capital Growth Portfolio
TRUST, MUTUAL FUND Select Value Opportunity Fund MFVAT Growth and Income Portfolio
VARIABLE ANNUITY Select Growth Fund MFVAT Asset Allocation Portfolio
TRUST, DELAWARE Equity Index Fund MFVAT U.S. Government Income Portfolio
GROUP PREMIUM FUND, Investment Grade Income Fund
INC., AND T. ROWE Money Market Fund T. ROWE PRICE INTERNATIONAL SERIES, INC.
PRICE INTERNATIONAL ------------------------------------
SERIES, INC. DELAWARE GROUP PREMIUM FUND, INC. T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio
----------------------------------
DGPF International Equity Series
</TABLE>
THE CERTIFICATES ARE This Prospectus can also be obtained from the
NOT: Securities and Exchange Commission's website
- A BANK DEPOSIT OR (http://www.sec.gov).
OBLIGATION; IT MAY NOT BE ADVANTAGEOUS TO REPLACE EXISTING
- FEDERALLY INSURED; INSURANCE WITH THE POLICY.
- ENDORSED BY ANY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION HAS NOT
BANK OR APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR
DETERMINED THAT THE INFORMATION IS TRUTHFUL OR
COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
<TABLE>
<C> <S> <C>
GOVERNMENT CORRESPONDENCE MAY BE MAILED TO DATED MAY 1, 1999
AGENCY. ALLMERICA LIFE 440 LINCOLN STREET
P.O. BOX 8179 WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS 01653
BOSTON, MA 02266-8179 (508) 855-1000
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
SPECIAL TERMS......................................................................... 4
SUMMARY............................................................................... 7
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY, THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT, AND THE UNDERLYING FUNDS............ 16
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES.................................................... 18
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES.......................................................... 20
ADDITION, DELETION OR SUBSTITUTION OF INVESTMENTS..................................... 22
VOTING RIGHTS......................................................................... 23
THE CERTIFICATE....................................................................... 23
Enrollment Form for a Certificate................................................... 23
Free-Look Period.................................................................... 24
Conversion Privileges............................................................... 25
Premium Payments.................................................................... 25
Allocation of Net Premiums.......................................................... 26
Transfer Privilege.................................................................. 26
Election of Death Benefit Options................................................... 27
Guideline Premium Test and Cash Value Accumulation Test............................. 27
Death Proceeds...................................................................... 28
Change in Death Benefit Option...................................................... 30
Change in Face Amount............................................................... 31
Certificate Value and Surrender Value............................................... 32
Payment Options..................................................................... 33
Optional Insurance Benefits......................................................... 33
Surrender........................................................................... 33
Paid-Up Insurance Option............................................................ 34
Partial Withdrawal.................................................................. 34
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS................................................................ 35
Premium Expense Charge.............................................................. 35
Monthly Deduction from Certificate Value............................................ 35
Charges Reflected in the Assets of the Separate Account............................. 38
Surrender Charge.................................................................... 39
Charges on Partial Withdrawal....................................................... 40
Transfer Charges.................................................................... 41
Charge for Change in Face Amount.................................................... 41
Other Administrative Charges........................................................ 41
CERTIFICATE LOANS..................................................................... 41
CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT............................................. 43
OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS.......................................................... 44
DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY....................................... 46
DISTRIBUTION.......................................................................... 47
SERVICES.............................................................................. 48
REPORTS............................................................................... 48
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS..................................................................... 48
FURTHER INFORMATION................................................................... 48
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS............................................................... 48
FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS............................................................ 48
The Company and the Separate Account................................................ 49
Taxation of the Certificates........................................................ 49
Certificate Loans................................................................... 50
Modified Endowment Contracts........................................................ 50
</TABLE>
2
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE GENERAL ACCOUNT............................................ 50
YEAR 2000 DISCLOSURE.................................................................. 52
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.................................................................. 53
APPENDIX A -- OPTIONAL BENEFITS....................................................... A-1
APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT OPTIONS......................................................... B-1
APPENDIX C -- ILLUSTRATIONS OF SUM INSURED, CERTIFICATE VALUES AND ACCUMULATED
PREMIUMS............................................................................. C-1
APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES................................ D-1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.................................................................. F-1
</TABLE>
3
<PAGE>
SPECIAL TERMS
AGE: The Insured's age as of the nearest birthday measured from a Certificate
anniversary.
BENEFICIARY: The person(s) designated by the owner of the Certificate to receive
the insurance proceeds upon the death of the Insured.
CERTIFICATE CHANGE: Any change in the Face Amount, the addition or deletion of a
rider, or a change in the Death Benefit Option.
CERTIFICATE OWNERS: The persons or entity entitled to exercise the rights and
privileges under the Certificate.
CERTIFICATE VALUE: The total amount available for investment under a Certificate
at any time. It is equal to the sum of (a) the value of the Units credited to a
Certificate in the Sub-Accounts, and (b) the accumulation in the General Account
credited to that Certificate.
COMPANY: First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company. "We," "our," "us,"
"First Allmerica," and "Company" also refer to First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company.
DATE OF ISSUE: The date set forth in the Certificate used to determine the
Monthly Processing Date, Certificate months, Certificate years, and Certificate
anniversaries.
DEATH BENEFIT: The amount payable upon the death of the Insured, before the
Final Premium Payment Date, prior to deductions for Debt outstanding at the time
of the Insured's death, partial withdrawals and partial withdrawal charges, if
any, and any due and unpaid Monthly Deductions. The amount of the Death Benefit
will depend on the Death Benefit Option chosen, but will always be at least
equal to the Face Amount.
DEATH PROCEEDS: Prior to the Final Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds
equal the amount calculated under the applicable Death Benefit Option, less Debt
outstanding at the time of the Insured's death, partial withdrawals, if any,
partial withdrawal charges, and any due and unpaid Monthly Deductions. After the
Final Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds equal the Surrender Value of the
Certificate.
DEBT: All unpaid Certificate loans plus interest due or accrued on such loans.
DELIVERY RECEIPT: An acknowledgment, signed by the Certificate Owner and
returned to the Principal Office, that the Certificate Owner has received the
Certificate and the Notice of Withdrawal Rights.
EVIDENCE OF INSURABILITY: Information, satisfactory to the Company, that is used
to determine the Insured's Underwriting Class.
FACE AMOUNT: The amount of insurance coverage applied for. The Face Amount of
each Certificate is set forth in the specifications pages of the Certificate.
FINAL PREMIUM PAYMENT DATE: The Certificate anniversary nearest the Insured's
95th birthday. The Final Premium Payment Date is the latest date on which a
premium payment may be made. After this date, the Death Proceeds equal the
Surrender Value of the Certificate.
GENERAL ACCOUNT: All the assets of the Company other than those held in a
Separate Account.
GUIDELINE ANNUAL PREMIUM: The annual amount of premium that would be payable
through the Final Premium Payment Date for the specified Death Benefit, if
premiums were fixed by the Company as to both timing and amount, and monthly
cost of insurance charges were based on the 1980 Commissioners Standard
4
<PAGE>
Ordinary Mortality Tables, Smoker or Non-Smoker (Mortality Table B for unisex
Certificates), net investment earnings at an annual effective rate of 5%, and
fees and charges as set forth in the Certificate and any Certificate riders. The
Death Benefit Option 1 Guideline Annual Premium is used when calculating the
maximum surrender charge.
INSURANCE AMOUNT AT RISK: The Death Benefit less the Certificate Value.
ISSUANCE AND ACCEPTANCE: The date the Company mails the Certificate if the
enrollment form is approved with no changes requiring your consent; otherwise,
the date the Company receives your written consent to any changes.
LOAN VALUE: The maximum amount that may be borrowed under the Certificate.
MINIMUM DEATH BENEFIT: The minimum Death Benefit required to qualify the
Certificate as "life insurance" under federal tax laws. The Minimum Death
Benefit varies by Age. It is calculated by multiplying the Certificate Value by
a percentage determined by the Insured's Age.
MONTHLY DEDUCTION: Charges deducted monthly from the Certificate Value prior to
the Final Premium Payment Date. The charges include the monthly cost of
insurance, the monthly cost of any benefits provided by rider, the monthly
Certificate administrative charge, the monthly Separate Account administrative
charge and the monthly mortality and expense risk charge.
MONTHLY DEDUCTION SUB-ACCOUNT: A Sub-Account of the Separate Account to which
the payor that you name under the Payor Option may allocate Net Premiums to pay
all or a portion of the insurance charges and administrative charges. The
Monthly Deduction Sub-Account is currently the Sub-Account which invests in the
Money Market Fund of Allmerica Investment Trust.
MONTHLY PROCESSING DATE: The date on which the Monthly Deduction is deducted
from Certificate Value.
NET PREMIUM: An amount equal to the premium less any premium expense charge.
PAID-UP INSURANCE: Life insurance coverage for the life of the Insured, with no
further premiums due.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE: The Company's office, located at 440 Lincoln Street,
Worcester, Massachusetts 01653.
PRO-RATA ALLOCATION: In certain circumstances, you may specify from which
Sub-Account certain deductions will be made or to which Sub-Account Certificate
Value will be allocated. If you do not, the Company will allocate the deduction
or Certificate Value among the General Account and the Sub-Accounts, excluding
the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account, in the same proportion that the Certificate
Value in the General Account and the Certificate Value in each Sub-Account bear
to the total Certificate Value on the date of deduction or allocation.
SEPARATE ACCOUNT: A separate account consists of assets segregated from the
Company's other assets. The investment performance of the assets of each
separate account is determined separately from the other assets of the Company.
The assets of a separate account which are equal to the reserves and other
contract liabilities are not chargeable with liabilities arising out of any
other business which the Company may conduct.
SUB-ACCOUNT: A subdivision of the Separate Account. Each Sub-Account invests
exclusively in the shares of a corresponding Fund of the Allmerica Investment
Trust ("Trust"), a corresponding Portfolio of the Mutual Fund Variable Annuity
Trust ("MFVAT"), the International Equity Series of the Delaware Group Premium
Fund, Inc. ("DGPF") or the T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio of T.
Rowe Price International Series, Inc. ("T. Rowe Price").
5
<PAGE>
SURRENDER VALUE: The amount payable upon a full surrender of the Certificate. It
is the Certificate Value, less any Debt and any surrender charges.
UNDERLYING FUNDS ("FUNDS"): The Funds of Allmerica Investment Trust, the
Portfolios of Mutual Fund Variable Annuity Trust, the Series of Delaware Group
Premium Fund, Inc. and the Portfolio of T. Rowe Price International Series,
Inc., which are available under the Certificates.
UNDERWRITING CLASS: The risk classification that the Company assigns the Insured
based on the information in the enrollment form and any other Evidence of
Insurability considered by the Company. The Insured's Underwriting Class will
affect the cost of insurance charge and the amount of premium required to keep
the Certificate in force.
UNIT: A measure of your interest in a Sub-Account.
VALUATION DATE: A day on which the net asset value of the shares of any of the
Underlying Funds is determined and Unit values of the Sub-Accounts are
determined. Valuation Dates currently occur on each day on which the New York
Stock Exchange is open for trading, and on such other days (other than a day
during which no payment, partial withdrawal, or surrender of a Certificate is
received) when there is a sufficient degree of trading in an Underlying Fund's
securities such that the current net asset value of the Sub-Accounts may be
materially affected.
VALUATION PERIOD: The interval between two consecutive Valuation Dates.
WRITTEN REQUEST: A request by the Certificate Owner in writing, satisfactory to
the Company.
YOU OR YOUR: The Certificate Owner, as shown in the enrollment form or the
latest change filed with the Company.
6
<PAGE>
SUMMARY
The following is a summary of the Certificates and the Policy. It highlights key
points from the Prospectus which follows. If you are considering the purchase of
this product, you should read the Prospectus carefully before making a decision.
It offers a more complete presentation of the topics presented here, and will
help you better understand the product.
Within limits, you may choose the amount of initial premium desired and the
initial Death Benefit. You have the flexibility to vary the frequency and amount
of premium payments, subject to certain restrictions and conditions. You may
withdraw a portion of the Certificate's Surrender Value, or the Certificate may
be fully surrendered at any time, subject to certain limitations.
There is no guaranteed minimum Certificate Value. The value of a Certificate
will vary up or down to reflect the investment experience of allocations to the
Sub-Accounts and the fixed rates of interest earned by allocations to the
General Account. The Certificate Value will also be adjusted for other factors,
including the amount of charges imposed. The Certificate will remain in effect
so long as the Certificate Value less any outstanding Debt is sufficient to pay
certain monthly charges imposed in connection with the Certificate. The
Certificate Value may decrease to the point where the Certificate will lapse and
provide no further death benefit without additional premium payments.
If the Certificate is in effect at the death of the Insured, the Company will
pay a Death Benefit (the "Death Proceeds") to the Beneficiary. Prior to the
Final Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds equal the Death Benefit, less any
Debt, partial withdrawals, and any due and unpaid charges. After the Final
Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds equal the Surrender Value of the
Certificate. If the Guideline Premium Test is in effect (See "Election of Death
Benefit Options"), you may choose either Death Benefit Option 1 (the Death
Benefit is fixed in amount) or Death Benefit Option 2 (the Death Benefit
includes the Certificate Value in addition to a fixed insurance amount) and may
change between Death Benefit Option 1 and Option 2, subject to certain
conditions. If the Cash Value Accumulation Test is in effect, Death Benefit
Option 3 (the Death Benefit is fixed in amount) will apply. A Minimum Death
Benefit, equivalent to a percentage of the Certificate Value, will apply if
greater than the Death Benefit otherwise payable under Option 1, Option 2 or
Option 3.
In certain circumstances, a Certificate may be considered a "modified endowment
contract." Under the Internal Revenue Code ("Code"), any Certificate loan,
partial withdrawal or surrender from a modified endowment contract may be
subject to tax and tax penalties. See FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS -- "Modified
Endowment Contracts."
THE CERTIFICATE
The Certificate issued under a group flexible premium variable life Policy
offered by this Prospectus allows you, subject to certain limitations, to make
premium payments in any amount and frequency. As long as the Certificate remains
in force, it will provide for:
- life insurance coverage on the named Insured;
- Certificate Value;
- surrender rights and partial withdrawal rights;
- loan privileges; and
- in some cases, additional insurance benefits available by rider for an
additional charge.
7
<PAGE>
The Certificates provide Death Benefits, Certificate Values, and other features
traditionally associated with life insurance policies. The Certificates are
"variable" because, unlike the fixed benefits of ordinary whole life insurance,
the Certificate Value will, and under certain circumstances the Death Proceeds
may, increase or decrease depending on the investment experience of the
Sub-Accounts of the Separate Account. They are "flexible premium" Certificates,
because, unlike traditional insurance policies, there is no fixed schedule for
premium payments. Although you may establish a schedule of premium payments
("planned premium payments"), failure to make the planned premium payments will
not necessarily cause a Certificate to lapse, nor will making the planned
premium payments guarantee that a Certificate will remain in force. Thus, you
may, but are not required to, pay additional premiums.
The Certificate will remain in force until the Surrender Value is insufficient
to cover the next Monthly Deduction and loan interest accrued, if any, and a
grace period of 62 days has expired without adequate payment being made by you.
SURRENDER CHARGES
At any time that a Certificate is in effect, a Certificate Owner may elect to
surrender the Certificate and receive its Surrender Value. A surrender charge
may be calculated upon issuance of the Certificate and upon each increase in the
Face Amount. The surrender charge may be imposed, depending on the group to
which the Policy is issued, for up to 15 years from the Date of Issue or any
increase in the Face Amount and you request a full surrender or a decrease in
the Face Amount.
SURRENDER CHARGES FOR THE INITIAL FACE AMOUNT
The maximum surrender charge calculated upon issuance of the Certificate is
equal to the sum of (a) plus (b), where (a) is a deferred administrative charge
of up to $8.50 per thousand dollars of the initial Face Amount, and (b) is a
deferred sales charge of up to 50% (less any premium expense charge not
associated with state and local premium taxes) of premiums received up to the
Guideline Annual Premium, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued.
In accordance with limitations under state insurance regulations, the amount of
the maximum surrender charge will not exceed a specified amount per thousand
dollars of initial Face Amount, as indicated in APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF
MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES. The maximum surrender charge remains level for up to
24 Certificate months, reduces uniformly each month for the balance of the
surrender charge period, and is zero thereafter. If you surrender the
Certificate during the first two years following the Date of Issue before making
premium payments associated with the initial Face Amount which are at least
equal to one Guideline Annual Premium, the actual surrender charge imposed may
be less than the maximum. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Surrender" and CHARGES AND
DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender Charge."
SURRENDER CHARGES FOR AN INCREASE IN FACE AMOUNT
A separate surrender charge may apply to and be calculated for each increase in
the Face Amount. The maximum surrender charge for the increase is equal to the
sum of (a) plus (b), where (a) is a deferred administrative charge of up to
$8.50 per thousand dollars of increase, and (b) is a deferred sales charge of up
to 50% (less any premium expense charge not associated with state and local
premium taxes) of premiums associated with the increase, up to the Guideline
Annual Premium for the increase. In accordance with limitations under state
insurance regulations, the amount of the surrender charge will not exceed a
specified amount per thousand dollars of increase, as indicated in APPENDIX D --
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES.
This maximum surrender charge with respect to an increase remains level for up
to 24 Certificate months following the increase, reduces uniformly each month
for the balance of the surrender charge period, and is zero thereafter. During
the first two Certificate years following an increase in Face Amount, before
making premium payments associated with the increase in Face Amount which are at
least equal to one Guideline Annual Premium, the actual surrender charge with
respect to the increase may be less than the maximum. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Surrender" and CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender Charge."
8
<PAGE>
In the event of a decrease in the Face Amount, any surrender charge imposed is a
fraction of the charge that would apply to a full surrender of the Certificate.
See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Surrender" and CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender
Charge" and APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES.
PREMIUM EXPENSE CHARGE
A charge may be deducted from each premium payment for state and local premium
taxes paid by the Company, to compensate the Company for federal taxes imposed
for deferred acquisition cost ("DAC") taxes, and for sales expenses related to
the Certificates. State premium taxes generally range from 0.75% to 5%, while
local premium taxes (if any) vary by jurisdiction within a state. The DAC tax
deduction may range from zero to 1% of premiums, depending on the group to which
the Policy is issued. The charge for distribution expenses may range from zero
to 10%. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Premium Expense Charge."
MONTHLY DEDUCTIONS FROM CERTIFICATE VALUE
On the Date of Issue and each Monthly Processing Date thereafter prior to the
Final Premium Payment Date, certain charges ("Monthly Deductions") will be
deducted from the Certificate Value. The Monthly Deduction includes a charge for
cost of insurance, a charge for the cost of any additional benefits provided by
rider, and a charge for administrative expenses that may be up to $10, depending
on the group to which the Policy is issued. The Monthly Deduction may also
include a charge for Separate Account administrative expenses and a charge for
mortality and expense risks. The Separate Account administrative charge may
continue for up to 10 Certificate years and may be up to 0.25% of Certificate
Value in each Sub-Account, depending on the group to which the Policy was
issued. The mortality and expense risk charge may be up to 0.90% of Certificate
Value in each Sub-Account.
You may specify from which Sub-Account the cost of insurance charge, the charge
for Certificate administrative expenses, the mortality and expense risk charge,
and the charge for the cost of additional benefits provided by rider will be
deducted. If the Payor Provision is in force, all cost of insurance charges and
administrative charges will be deducted from the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account.
If no allocation is specified, the Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation.
The Separate Account administrative charge and the mortality and expense risk
charge are assessed against each Sub-Account that generates a charge. In the
event that a charge is greater than the value of the Sub-Account to which it
relates on a Monthly Processing Date, the unpaid balance will be totaled and the
Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation.
Monthly Deductions are made on the Date of Issue and on each Monthly Processing
Date until the Final Premium Payment Date. No Monthly Deductions will be made on
or after the Final Premium Payment Date. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly
Deductions from Certificate Value."
TRANSACTION CHARGES
Each of the charges listed below is designed to reimburse the Company for
administrative costs incurred in the applicable transaction.
TRANSACTION CHARGE ON PARTIAL WITHDRAWALS
A transaction charge, which is up to the smaller of 2% of the amount withdrawn,
or $25, is assessed at the time of each partial withdrawal to reimburse the
Company for the cost of processing the withdrawal. In addition to the
transaction charge, a partial withdrawal charge may also be made under certain
circumstances. See
9
<PAGE>
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Charges on Partial Withdrawal." The transaction fee
applies to all partial withdrawals, including a Withdrawal without a surrender
charge.
CHARGE FOR CHANGE IN FACE AMOUNT
For each increase or decrease in the Face Amount, a charge of $2.50 per $1,000
of increase or decrease up to $40, may be deducted from the Certificate Value.
This charge is designed to reimburse the Company for underwriting and
administrative costs associated with the change. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Change
in Face Amount" and CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Charge for Change in Face
Amount."
TRANSFER CHARGE
The first twelve transfers of Certificate Value in a Certificate year will be
free of charge. Thereafter, with certain exceptions, a transfer charge of $10
will be imposed for each transfer request to reimburse the Company for the costs
of processing the transfer. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Transfer Privilege" and
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Transfer Charges."
OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGES
The Company reserves the right to impose a charge for the administrative costs
associated with changing the Net Premium allocation instructions, for changing
the allocation of any Monthly Deductions among the various Sub-Accounts, or for
a projection of values. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Other Administrative
Charges."
CHARGES OF THE UNDERLYING INVESTMENT FUNDS
In addition to the charges described above, certain fees and expenses are
deducted from the assets of the Underlying Investment Funds. See CHARGES AND
DEDUCTIONS -- "Charges Reflected in the Assets of the Separate Account." The
levels of fees and expenses vary among the Underlying Investment Funds.
CERTIFICATE VALUE AND SURRENDER VALUE
The Certificate Value is the total amount available for investment under a
Certificate at any time. It is the sum of the value of all Units in the
Sub-Accounts of the Separate Account and all accumulations in the General
Account of the Company credited to the Certificate. The Certificate Value
reflects the amount and frequency of Net Premiums paid, charges and deductions
imposed under the Certificate, interest credited to accumulations in the General
Account, investment performance of the Sub-Accounts to which Certificate Value
has been allocated, and partial withdrawals. The Certificate Value may be
relevant to the computation of the Death Proceeds. You bear the entire
investment risk for amounts allocated to the Separate Account. The Company does
not guarantee a minimum Certificate Value.
The Surrender Value will be the Certificate Value, less any Debt and surrender
charges. The Surrender Value is relevant, for example, in the computation of the
amounts available upon partial withdrawals, Certificate loans or surrender.
DEATH PROCEEDS
The Certificate provides for the payment of certain Death Proceeds to the named
Beneficiary upon the death of the Insured. Prior to the Final Premium Payment
Date, the Death Proceeds will be equal to the Death Benefit, reduced by any
outstanding Debt, partial withdrawals, partial withdrawal charges, and any
Monthly Deductions due and not yet deducted through the Certificate month in
which the Insured dies. Three Death Benefit Options are available. Under Option
1 and Option 3, the Death Benefit is the greater of the Face Amount or the
applicable Minimum Death Benefit. Under Option 2, the Death Benefit is the
greater of the
10
<PAGE>
Face Amount plus the Certificate Value or the Minimum Death Benefit. The Minimum
Death Benefit is equivalent to a percentage (determined each month based on the
Insured's Age) of the Certificate Value. On or after the Final Premium Payment
Date, the Death Proceeds will equal the Surrender Value. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Death Proceeds."
The Death Proceeds under the Certificate may be received in a lump sum or under
one of the Payment Options the Company offers. See APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT
OPTIONS.
FLEXIBILITY TO ADJUST DEATH BENEFIT
Subject to certain limitations, you may adjust the Death Benefit, and thus the
Death Proceeds, at any time prior to the Final Premium Payment Date, by
increasing or decreasing the Face Amount of the Certificate. Any change in the
Face Amount will affect the monthly cost of insurance charges and the amount of
the surrender charge. If the Face Amount is decreased, a pro-rata surrender
charge may be imposed. The Certificate Value is reduced by the amount of the
charge. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Change in Face Amount."
The minimum increase in the Face Amount will vary by group, but will in no event
exceed $10,000. Any increase may also require additional Evidence of
Insurability. The increase is subject to a "free-look period" and, during the
first 24 months after the increase, to a conversion privilege. See THE
CERTIFICATE -- "Free-Look Period" and "Conversion Privileges."
You may, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued, have the
flexibility to add additional insurance benefits by rider. These may include the
Waiver of Premium Rider, Other Insured Rider, Children's Insurance Rider,
Accidental Death Benefit Rider, Option to Accelerate Benefits Rider and Exchange
Option Rider. See APPENDIX A -- OPTIONAL BENEFITS.
The cost of these optional insurance benefits will be deducted from the
Certificate Value as part of the Monthly Deduction. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- --"Monthly Deduction from Certificate Value."
CERTIFICATE ISSUANCE
At the time of enrollment, the proposed Insured will complete an enrollment form
which lists the proposed amount of insurance and indicates how much of that
insurance is considered eligible for simplified underwriting. If the eligibility
questions on the enrollment form are answered "No," the Company will provide
immediate coverage equal to the simplified underwriting amount. If the proposed
insured is in a standard premium class, any insurance in excess of the
simplified underwriting amount will begin on the date the enrollment form and
medical examination, if any, are completed. If the proposed Insured cannot
answer the eligibility questions "No," and if the proposed Insured is not a
standard risk, insurance coverage will begin only after the Company (1) approves
the enrollment form, (2) the Certificate is delivered and accepted, and (3) the
first premium is paid.
If any premiums are paid prior to the issuance of the Certificate, such premiums
will be held in the General Account. If your enrollment form is approved and the
Certificate is issued and accepted, the initial premiums held in the General
Account will be credited with interest at a specified rate beginning not later
than the date of receipt of the premiums at the Company's Principal Office. IF A
CERTIFICATE IS NOT ISSUED AND ACCEPTED, THE INITIAL PREMIUMS WILL BE RETURNED TO
YOU WITHOUT INTEREST.
If your Certificate provides for a full refund of the initial payment under its
"Right-to-Examine Certificate" provision as required in your state, all
Certificate Value in the General Account that you initially designated to go to
the Sub-Accounts will be allocated to the Money Market Fund of the Trust upon
Issuance and Acceptance of the Certificate. All Certificate Value will be
allocated as you have chosen no later than the expiration of the period during
which you may exercise the "Right-to-Examine Certificate" provision.
11
<PAGE>
ALLOCATION OF NET PREMIUMS
Net Premiums are the premiums paid less any premium expense charge. The
Certificate, together with its attached enrollment form, constitutes the entire
agreement between you and the Company. Net Premiums may be allocated to one or
more Sub-Accounts of the Separate Account, to the General Account, or to any
combination of Accounts. You bear the investment risk of Net Premiums allocated
to the Sub-Accounts. Allocations may be made to no more than 20 Sub-Accounts at
any one time. The minimum allocation is 1% of Net Premium. All allocations must
be in whole numbers and must total 100%. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Allocation of
Net Premiums."
Premiums allocated to the General Account will earn a fixed rate of interest.
Net Premiums and minimum interest are guaranteed by the Company. For more
information, see MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE GENERAL ACCOUNT.
INVESTMENT OPTIONS
The Certificates permit Net Premiums to be allocated either to the General
Account or to the Separate Account. The Separate Account is currently comprised
of 46 Sub-Accounts, of which 14 are available under the Certificates. Each
Sub-Account invests exclusively in a corresponding Underlying Fund of the
Allmerica Investment Trust ("Trust"), managed by Allmerica Financial Investment
Management Services, Inc. ("AFIMS"), of the Mutual Fund Variable Annuity Trust
("MFVAT"), managed by The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A. ("Chase"), of the Delaware
Group Premium Fund, Inc. ("DGPF"), managed by Delaware International Advisers
Ltd. ("Delaware International"), or the T. Rowe Price International Series, Inc.
("T. Rowe Price"), managed by Rowe Price-Fleming International, Inc
("Price-Fleming"). In some states, insurance regulations may restrict the
availability of particular Underlying Funds. The Certificates permit you to
transfer Certificate Value among the available Sub-Accounts and between the
Sub-Accounts and the General Account, subject to certain limitations described
under THE CERTIFICATE -- "Transfer Privilege."
The value of each Sub-Account will vary daily depending upon the performance of
the Underlying Fund in which it invests. Each Sub-Account reinvests dividends or
capital gains distributions received from an Underlying Fund in additional
shares of that Underlying Fund. There can be no assurance that the investment
objectives of the Underlying Funds can be achieved. For more information, see
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY, THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT, AND THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
CHARGES OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
In addition to the charges described above, certain fees and expenses are
deducted from the assets of the Underlying Funds. The levels of fees and
expenses vary among the Underlying Funds. The following table
12
<PAGE>
shows the expenses of the Underlying Funds for 1998. For more information
concerning fees and expenses, see the prospectuses of the Underlying Funds.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MANAGEMENT FEE OTHER EXPENSES TOTAL FUND EXPENSES
(AFTER VOLUNTARY (AFTER APPLICABLE (AFTER WAIVERS/
UNDERLYING FUND WAIVERS) REIMBURSEMENTS) REIMBURSEMENTS)
- ---------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------ ---------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Select Aggressive Growth Fund............................. 0.88% 0.07% 0.95%(1)(2)
Select Capital Appreciation Fund.......................... 0.94% 0.10% 1.04%(1)(2)
Select Value Opportunity Fund............................. 0.90%(1)* 0.08% 0.98%(1)(2)*
DGPF International Equity Series.......................... 0.82%(3) 0.13% 0.95%(3)
MFVAT International Equity Portfolio...................... 0.00%(#) 1.10% 1.10%(#)
T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio............... 1.05% 0.00% 1.05%
Select Growth Fund........................................ 0.81%** 0.05% 0.86%(1)(2)**
MFVAT Capital Growth Portfolio............................ 0.00%(#) 0.90% 0.90%(#)
Equity Index Fund......................................... 0.29% 0.07% 0.36%(1)
MFVAT Growth and Income Portfolio......................... 0.00%(#) 0.90% 0.90%(#)
MFVAT Asset Allocation Portfolio.......................... 0.00%(#) 0.85% 0.85%(#)
Investment Grade Income Fund.............................. 0.43% 0.09% 0.52%(1)
MFVAT U.S. Government Income Portfolio.................... 0.00%(#) 0.80% 0.80%(#)
Money Market Fund......................................... 0.26% 0.06% 0.32%(1)
</TABLE>
* Amount has been adjusted to reflect a voluntary expense limitation currently
in effect for Select Value Opportunity Fund. Without this adjustment, the
Management Fee and Total Fund Expenses would have been 0.91% and 0.99%,
respectively, for Select Value Opportunity Fund.
** Effective June 1, 1998, the management fee rate for the Select Growth Fund
was revised. The Management Fee and Total Fund Expense ratios shown in the table
above have been adjusted to assume that the revised rates took effect January 1,
1998.
(#) Reflects current waiver arrangements to maintain Total Fund Expenses at the
levels indicated above. Absent such waivers, the Advisory Fees for the MFVAT
International Equity, MFVAT Capital Growth, MFVAT Growth and Income, MFVAT Asset
Allocation and MFVAT U.S. Government Income Portfolios would be 0.80%, 0.60%,
0.60%, 0.55% and 0.50%, respectively, and Total Fund Expenses for the MFVAT
International Equity, MFVAT Capital Growth, MFVAT Growth and Income, MFVAT Asset
Allocation and MFVAT U.S. Government Income Portfolios would be 3.05%, 1.70%,
1.70%, 1.91% and 1.99%.
(1) Until further notice, Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services,
Inc. ("AFIMS") has declared a voluntary expense limitation of 1.35% of average
net assets for the Select Aggressive Growth Fund and Select Capital Appreciation
Fund, 1.25% for the Select Value Opportunity Fund, 1.20% for the Select Growth
Fund, 1.00% for the Investment Grade Income Fund and 0.60% for the Money Market
Fund and Equity Index Fund. The total operating expenses of these Funds of the
Trust were less than their respective expense limitations throughout 1998.
Until further notice, the Select Value Opportunity Fund's management fee rate
has been voluntarily limited to an annual rate of 0.90% of average daily net
assets, and total expenses are limited to 1.25% of average daily net assets.
The declaration of a voluntary management fee or expense limitation in any year
does not bind the Manager to declare future expense limitations with respect to
these Funds. These limitations may be terminated at any time.
(2) These Funds have entered into agreements with brokers whereby brokers rebate
a portion of commissions. Had these amounts been treated as reductions of
expenses, the total annual fund operating expense ratios would have been 0.92%
for the Select Aggressive Growth Fund, 1.02% for the Select Capital Appreciation
Fund, 0.94% for the Select Value Opportunity Fund and 0.84% for the Select
Growth Fund.
(3) Effective May 1, 1999, Delaware International Advisers Ltd., the investment
adviser for the International Equity Series, has agreed to limit total annual
expenses of the fund to 0.95%. This limitation replaces a prior
13
<PAGE>
limitation of 0.95% that expired on April 30, 1999. The new limitation will be
in effect through October 31, 1999. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998,
the actual ratio of total annual expenses was 0.98%.
The Underlying Fund information above was provided by the Underlying Funds and
was not independently verified by the Company.
FREE-LOOK PERIOD
The Certificate provides for an initial Free-Look Period. You may cancel the
Certificate by mailing or delivering it to the Principal Office or to an agent
of the Company on or before the latest of (a) 45 days after the enrollment form
for the Certificate is signed, (b) 10 days after you receive the Certificate,
(c) 10 days (20 or 30 days if required in your state) after the Company mails or
personally delivers a Notice of Withdrawal Rights to you, or (d) 60 days after
you receive the Policy, if the Policy was purchased in New York as a replacement
for an existing policy.
When you return the Certificate, the Company will mail a refund to you within
seven days. The refund of any premium paid by check may be delayed until the
check has cleared your bank. If your Certificate provides for a full refund of
the initial premium under its "Right-to-Examine Certificate" provision as
required in your state, or if the Certificate was issued in New York as a
replacement, your refund will be the greater of (a) your entire premium, or (b)
the Certificate Value plus deductions under the Certificate, or by the
Underlying Funds for taxes, charges or fees. If your Certificate does not
provide for a full refund of the initial premium, you will receive the
Certificate Value in the Separate Account, plus premiums paid, including fees
and charges, minus the amounts allocated to the Separate Account, plus the fees
and charges imposed on amounts in the Separate Account. After an increase in the
Face Amount, a right to cancel the increase also applies. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Free-Look Period."
CONVERSION PRIVILEGES
During the first 24 Certificate months after the Date of Issue, subject to
certain restrictions, you may convert this Certificate to a flexible premium
fixed adjustable life insurance Certificate by simultaneously transferring all
accumulated value in the Sub-Accounts to the General Account and instructing the
Company to allocate all future premiums to the General Account. A similar
conversion privilege is in effect for 24 Certificate months after the date of an
increase in the Face Amount. Where required by state law, and at your request,
the Company will issue a flexible premium adjustable life insurance Certificate
to you. The new Certificate will have the same face amount, issue Age, Date of
Issue, and risk classifications as the original Certificate. See THE CERTIFICATE
- -- "Conversion Privileges."
PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL
After the first Certificate year, you may make partial withdrawals in a minimum
amount of $500 from the Certificate Value. Under Option 1 or Option 3, the Face
Amount is reduced by the amount of the partial withdrawal, and a partial
withdrawal will not be allowed if it would reduce the Face Amount below $40,000.
A transaction charge which is described in CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Charges on
Partial Withdrawal," will be assessed to reimburse the Company for the cost of
processing each partial withdrawal. A partial withdrawal charge may also be
imposed upon a partial withdrawal. Generally, amounts withdrawn during each
Certificate year in excess of 10% of the Certificate Value ("excess withdrawal")
are subject to the partial withdrawal charge. The partial withdrawal charge is
equal to 5% of the excess withdrawal up to the surrender charge on the date of
withdrawal. If no surrender charge is applicable at the time of withdrawal, no
partial withdrawal charge will be deducted. The Certificate's outstanding
surrender charge will be reduced by the amount of the partial withdrawal charge
deducted. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Partial Withdrawal" and CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- --"Charges on Partial Withdrawal."
14
<PAGE>
LOAN PRIVILEGE
You may borrow against the Certificate Value. The total amount you may borrow is
the Loan Value. Loan Value in the first Certificate year is 75% of an amount
equal to the Certificate Value less surrender charge, Monthly Deductions, and
interest on the Certificate loan to the end of the Certificate year. Thereafter,
Loan Value is 90% of an amount equal to Certificate Value less the surrender
charge.
Certificate loans will be allocated among the General Account and the
Sub-Accounts in accordance with your instructions. If no allocation is made by
you, the Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation among the Accounts. In either
case, Certificate Value equal to the Certificate loan will be transferred from
the appropriate Sub-Accounts to the General Account, and will earn monthly
interest at an effective annual rate of at least 6%. Therefore, a Certificate
loan may have a permanent impact on the Certificate Value even though it is
eventually repaid. Although the loan amount is a part of the Certificate Value,
the Death Proceeds will be reduced by the amount of outstanding Debt at the time
of death.
Certificate loans will bear interest at a fixed rate of 8% per year, due and
payable in arrears at the end of each Certificate year. If interest is not paid
when due, it will be added to the loan balance. Certificate loans may be repaid
at any time. You must notify the Company if a payment is a loan repayment;
otherwise, it will be considered a premium payment. Any partial or full
repayment of Debt by you will be allocated to the General Account or
Sub-Accounts in accordance with your instructions. If you do not specify an
allocation, the Company will allocate the loan repayment in accordance with your
most recent premium allocation instructions. See CERTIFICATE LOANS.
PREFERRED LOAN OPTION
A preferred loan option is available under the Certificates. The preferred loan
option will be available upon Written Request. It may be revoked by you at any
time. If this option has been selected, after the tenth certificate anniversary,
Certificate Value in the General Account equal to the loan amount will be
credited with interest at an effective annual yield of at least 7.5%. Our
current practice is to credit a rate of interest equal to the rate being charged
for the preferred loan.
There is some uncertainty as to the tax treatment of preferred loans. Consult a
qualified tax adviser (and see FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS). THE PREFERRED LOAN
OPTION IS NOT AVAILABLE IN ALL STATES.
CERTIFICATE LAPSE AND REINSTATEMENT
Failure to make premium payments will not cause a Certificate to lapse unless:
(a) the Surrender Value is insufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction plus
loan interest accrued, if any, or (b) Debt exceeds the Certificate Value. A
62-day grace period applies to each situation. Subject to certain conditions
(including Evidence of Insurability showing that the Insured is insurable
according to the Company's underwriting rules and the payment of sufficient
premium), the Certificate may be reinstated at any time within three years after
the expiration of the grace period and prior to the Final Premium Payment Date.
See CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT.
TAX TREATMENT
The Certificate is generally subject to the same federal income tax treatment as
a conventional fixed benefit life insurance policy. Under current tax law, to
the extent there is no change in benefits, you will be taxed on the Certificate
Value withdrawn from the Certificate only to the extent that the amount
withdrawn exceeds the total premiums paid. Withdrawals in excess of premiums
paid will be treated as ordinary income. During the first 15 Certificate years,
however, an "interest-first" rule applies to any distribution of cash that is
required under Section 7702 of the Code because of a reduction in benefits under
the Certificate. Death Proceeds under the Certificate are excludable from the
gross income of the Beneficiary, but in some circumstances the Death
15
<PAGE>
Proceeds or the Certificate Value may be subject to federal estate tax. See
FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS -- "Taxation of the Certificates."
The Certificate offered by this Prospectus may be considered a "modified
endowment contract" if it fails a "seven-pay" test. A Certificate fails to
satisfy the seven-pay test if the cumulative premiums paid under the Certificate
at any time during the first seven Certificate years, or within seven years of a
material change in the Certificate, exceed the sum of the net level premiums
that would have been paid, had the Certificate provided for paid-up future
benefits after the payment of seven level premiums. If the Certificate is
considered a modified endowment contract, all distributions (including
Certificate loans, partial withdrawals, surrenders or assignments) will be taxed
on an "income-first" basis. With certain exceptions, an additional 10% penalty
will be imposed on the portion of any distribution that is includible in income.
For more information, see FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS -- "Modified Endowment
Contracts."
The Certificate summarizes the provisions of the group Policy under which it is
issued, which has the purpose of providing insurance protection for the
Beneficiary named therein. References to Certificate rights and features are
intended to represent a Certificate Owner's rights and benefits under the group
Policy. This Summary is intended to provide only a very brief overview of the
more significant aspects of the Certificate. Further detail is provided in this
Prospectus, the Certificate and the group Policy. No claim is made that the
Certificate is in any way similar or comparable to a systematic investment plan
of a mutual fund.
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY, THE SEPARATE
ACCOUNT, AND THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
THE COMPANY
The Company, organized under the laws of Massachusetts in 1844, is the fifth
oldest life insurance company in America. As of December 31, 1998, the Company
and its subsidiaries had over $27 billion in combined assets and over $48
billion of life insurance in force. Effective October 16, 1995, the Company
converted from a mutual life insurance company, known as State Mutual Life
Assurance Company of America, to a stock life insurance company and adopted its
present name. The Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Allmerica Financial
Corporation ("AFC"). The Company's principal office is located at 440 Lincoln
Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01653, telephone 508-855-1000 ("Principal
Office").
The Company is subject to the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
governing insurance companies and to regulation by the Commissioner of Insurance
of Massachusetts. In addition, the Company is subject to the insurance laws and
regulations of other states and jurisdictions in which it is licensed to
operate.
The Company is a charter member of the Insurance Marketplace Standards
Association ("IMSA"). Companies that belong to IMSA subscribe to a rigorous set
of standards that cover the various aspects of sales and service for
individually sold life insurance and annuities. IMSA members have adopted
policies and procedures that demonstrate a commitment to honesty, fairness and
integrity in all customer contacts involving sales and service of individual
life insurance and annuity products.
THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT
The Separate Account was authorized by vote of the Board of Directors of the
Company on November 22, 1993. The Separate Account is registered with the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as a unit investment trust under the
Investment Company Act of 1940 ("1940 Act"). Such registration does not involve
the supervision of its management or investment practices or policies of the
Separate Account or the Company by the SEC.
The assets used to fund the variable portion of the Certificates are set aside
in the Separate Account and are kept separate and apart from the general assets
of the Company. Under Massachusetts law, assets equal to the
16
<PAGE>
reserves and other liabilities of the Separate Account may not be charged with
any liabilities arising out of any other business of the Company. The Separate
Account currently has 46 Sub-Accounts, of which 14 are available under the
Certificates. Each Sub-Account is administered and accounted for as part of the
general business of the Company, but the income, capital gains, or capital
losses of each Sub-Account are allocated to such Sub-Account, without regard to
other income, capital gains, or capital losses of the Company or the other
Sub-Accounts. Each Sub-Account invests exclusively in a corresponding investment
portfolio ("Underlying Fund") of the Allmerica Investment Trust, the Mutual Fund
Variable Annuity Trust, the Delaware Group Premium Fund, Inc., or the T. Rowe
Price International Series, Inc.
ALLMERICA INVESTMENT TRUST
Allmerica Investment Trust (the "Trust") is an open-end, diversified management
investment company registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act. Such registration
does not involve supervision by the SEC of the investments or investment policy
of the Trust or its separate investment Funds.
The Trust was established as a Massachusetts business trust on October 11, 1984
for the purpose of providing a vehicle for the investment of assets of various
separate accounts established by First Allmerica, the Company, or other
insurance companies. Seven investment portfolios of the Trust ("Funds") are
available under the Certificates, each issuing a series of shares: Select
Aggressive Growth Fund, Select Capital Appreciation Fund, Select Value
Opportunity Fund, Select Growth Fund, Equity Index Fund, Investment Grade Income
Fund and Money Market Fund. The assets of each Fund are held separate from the
assets of the other Funds. Each Fund operates as a separate investment vehicle
and the income or losses of one Fund generally have no effect on the investment
performance of another Fund. Shares of the Trust are not offered to the general
public but solely to such separate accounts.
AFIMS serves as investment adviser of the Trust and has entered into
sub-advisory agreements with other investment managers ("Sub-Advisers") who
manage the investments of the Funds. See INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES.
MUTUAL FUND VARIABLE ANNUITY TRUST
Mutual Fund Variable Annuity Trust ("MFVAT") is an open-end, management
investment company organized as a Massachusetts business trust in 1994. MFVAT
was established to provide a funding medium for certain variable annuity
contracts. Five investment portfolios are available under the Certificates: the
International Equity Portfolio, Capital Growth Portfolio, Growth and Income
Portfolio, Asset Allocation Portfolio and U.S. Government Income Portfolio.
The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A. ("Chase") is the investment adviser,
administrator and custodian for the funds of MFVAT. Chase is located at 270 Park
Avenue, New York, New York 10017. As investment adviser to the funds of MFVAT,
Chase makes investment decisions subject to such policies as the Board of
Trustees of MFVAT may determine. As administrator of the funds, Chase provides
certain services including coordinating relations with independent contractors
and agents, preparing for signature by officers and filing of certain documents,
preparing financial statements, arranging for the maintenance of books and
records, and providing office facilities. Certain of these services have been
delegated to Vista Fund Distributors, Inc. ("VFD"), 101 Park Avenue, New York,
New York 10178, which serves as sub-administrator to the funds of MFVAT. As
custodian, Chase's responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling the
funds' cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities,
determining income and collecting interest on investments, maintaining books of
original entry and other required books and accounts, and calculating daily net
asset values. See "Investment Advisory Services to MFVAT."
17
<PAGE>
DELAWARE GROUP PREMIUM FUND, INC.
Delaware Group Premium Fund, Inc. ("DGPF") is an open-end, diversified,
management investment company registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act. DGPF
was established to provide a vehicle for the investment of assets of various
separate accounts supporting variable insurance policies. One investment
portfolio is available under the Certificates: the International Equity Series
("Series"). The investment adviser for the International Equity Series is
Delaware International Advisers Ltd. ("Delaware International"). See "Investment
Advisory Services to DGPF."
T. ROWE PRICE INTERNATIONAL SERIES, INC.
T. Rowe Price International Series, Inc. ("T. Rowe Price"), managed by Rowe
Price-Fleming International, Inc. ("Price-Fleming") (see "Investment Advisory
Services to T. Rowe Price"), is an open-end, diversified, management investment
company organized as a Maryland corporation in 1994 and registered with the SEC
under the 1940 Act. One of its investment portfolios is available under the
Certificates: the T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
A summary of investment objectives of each of the Underlying Funds is set forth
below. The Underlying Funds are listed by general investment risk
characteristics. MORE DETAILED INFORMATION REGARDING THE INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES,
RESTRICTIONS AND RISKS, EXPENSES PAID BY THE UNDERLYING FUNDS AND OTHER RELEVANT
INFORMATION REGARDING THE UNDERLYING INVESTMENT COMPANIES MAY BE FOUND IN THEIR
RESPECTIVE PROSPECTUSES WHICH ACCOMPANY THIS PROSPECTUS AND SHOULD BE READ
CAREFULLY BEFORE INVESTING. The statements of additional information of the
Underlying Funds are available upon request. There can be no assurance that the
investment objectives of the Underlying Funds can be achieved.
SELECT AGGRESSIVE GROWTH FUND OF THE TRUST -- The Select Aggressive Growth Fund
of the Trust seeks above-average capital appreciation by investing primarily in
common stocks of companies which are believed to have significant potential for
capital appreciation.
SELECT CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND OF THE TRUST -- The Select Capital Appreciation
Fund of the Trust seeks long-term growth of capital. Realization of income is
not a significant investment consideration and any income realized on the Fund's
investments will be incidental to its primary objective. The Fund invests
primarily in common stock of industries and companies which are believed to be
experiencing favorable demand for their products and services, and which operate
in a favorable competitive environment and regulatory climate.
SELECT VALUE OPPORTUNITY FUND OF THE TRUST -- The Select Value Opportunity Fund
of the Trust seeks long-term growth of capital by investing principally in a
diversified portfolio of common stocks of small and mid-size companies, whose
securities at the time of purchase are considered by the Sub-Adviser to be
undervalued.
DGPF INTERNATIONAL EQUITY SERIES -- The International Equity Series of DGPF
seeks long-term growth without undue risk to principal by investing primarily in
equity securities of foreign issuers providing the potential for capital
appreciation and income.
MFVAT INTERNATIONAL EQUITY PORTFOLIO -- The International Equity Portfolio of
MFVAT seeks to provide a total return on assets from long-term growth of capital
and from income principally through a broad portfolio of marketable equity
securities of established foreign companies organized in countries other than
the United States and foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies participating in
foreign economies.
T. ROWE PRICE INTERNATIONAL STOCK PORTFOLIO -- The T. Rowe Price International
Stock Portfolio seeks long-term growth of capital through investments primarily
in common stocks of established, non-U.S. companies.
18
<PAGE>
SELECT GROWTH FUND OF THE TRUST -- The Select Growth Fund of the Trust seeks to
achieve long-term growth of capital by investing in a diversified portfolio
consisting primarily of common stocks selected on the basis of their long-term
growth potential.
MFVAT CAPITAL GROWTH PORTFOLIO -- The Capital Growth Portfolio of MFVAT seeks to
provide long-term capital growth primarily through diversified holdings (i.e.,
at least 80% of its assets under normal circumstances) in common stocks. The
Portfolio will seek to invest its assets in stocks of issuers (including foreign
issuers) with small to medium capitalizations. Divided income, if any, is a
consideration incidental to the Portfolio's investment objective of growth of
capital.
EQUITY INDEX FUND OF THE TRUST -- The Equity Index Fund of the Trust seeks to
provide investment results that correspond to the aggregate price and yield
performance of a representative selection of United States publicly traded
common stocks. The Equity Index Fund seeks to achieve its objective by
attempting to replicate the aggregate price and yield performance of the
Standard & Poor's Composite Index of 500 Stocks.
MFVAT GROWTH AND INCOME PORTFOLIO -- The Growth and Income Portfolio of MFVAT
seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and to provide dividend income
primarily through a broad portfolio (i.e., at least 80% of its assets under
normal circumstances) of common stocks. In addition, the Portfolio may invest up
to 20% of its total assets in convertible securities.
MFVAT ASSET ALLOCATION PORTFOLIO -- The Asset Allocation Portfolio of MFVAT
seeks to provide maximum total return through a combination of long-term growth
of capital and current income by investing in a diversified portfolio of equity
and debt securities, including common stocks, convertible securities and
government and corporate fixed-income obligations. Under normal market
conditions, between 35%-70% of the Portfolio's total assets will be invested in
common stocks and other equity investments and at least 25% of the Portfolio's
assets will be invested in fixed-income senior securities, defined for this
purpose to include non-convertible corporate debt securities and government
obligations.
INVESTMENT GRADE INCOME FUND OF THE TRUST -- The Investment Grade Income Fund of
the Trust is invested in a diversified portfolio of fixed income securities with
the objective of seeking as high a level of total return (including both income
and capital appreciation) as is consistent with prudent investment management.
MFVAT U.S. GOVERNMENT INCOME PORTFOLIO -- The U.S. Government Income Portfolio
of MFVAT seeks to provide monthly dividends as well as to protect the value of
an investor's investment (i.e., to preserve principal) by investing at least 65%
of its assets in U.S. Treasury obligations, obligations issued or guaranteed by
U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities if such are backed by the "full
faith and credit" of the U.S. Treasury and securities issued or guaranteed as to
principal and interest by the U.S. government or by agencies or
instrumentalities thereof. Neither the United States nor any of its agencies
insures or guarantees the market value of shares of the Portfolio.
MONEY MARKET FUND OF THE TRUST -- The Money Market Fund of the Trust is invested
in a diversified portfolio of high-quality, short-term money market instruments
with the objective of obtaining maximum current income consistent with the
preservation of capital and liquidity.
CERTAIN UNDERLYING FUNDS HAVE INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND/OR POLICIES SIMILAR TO
THOSE OF CERTAIN OTHER UNDERLYING FUNDS. THEREFORE, TO CHOOSE THE SUB-ACCOUNTS
WHICH WILL BEST MEET YOUR NEEDS AND OBJECTIVES, CAREFULLY READ THE PROSPECTUSES
OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS ALONG WITH THIS PROSPECTUS. IN SOME STATES, INSURANCE
REGULATIONS MAY RESTRICT THE AVAILABILITY OF PARTICULAR SUB-ACCOUNTS.
If required in your state, in the event of a material change in the investment
policy of a Sub-Account or the Underlying Fund in which it invests, you will be
notified of the change. If you have Certificate Value in that Sub-Account, the
Company will transfer it without charge on written request by you to another
Sub-Account or to the General Account. The Company must receive your Written
Request within sixty (60) days of the later
19
<PAGE>
of (1) the effective date of such change in the investment policy, or (2) the
receipt of the notice of your right to transfer. You may then change your
premium and deduction allocation percentages.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES TO THE TRUST
The overall responsibility for the supervision of the affairs of the Trust vests
in the Trustees. The Trust has entered into a Management Agreement with AFIMS,
an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of First Allmerica, to handle the day-to-day
affairs of the Trust. AFIMS, subject to review by the Trustees, is responsible
for the general management of the Funds. AFIMS also performs certain
administrative and management services for the Trust, furnishes to the Trust all
necessary office space, facilities, and equipment, and pays the compensation, if
any, of officers and Trustees who are affiliated with AFIMS.
Other than the expenses specifically assumed by AFIMS under the Management
Agreement, all expenses incurred in the operation of the Trust are borne by it,
including fees and expenses associated with the registration and qualification
of the Trust's shares under the Securities Act of 1933 ("1933 Act"), other fees
payable to the SEC, independent public accountant, legal and custodian fees,
association membership dues, taxes, interest, insurance premiums, brokerage
commissions, fees and expenses of the Trustees who are not affiliated with
AFIMS, expenses for proxies, prospectuses, and reports to shareholders, and
other expenses.
Pursuant to the Management Agreement with the Trust, AFIMS has entered into
agreements ("Sub-Adviser Agreements") with other investment advisers
("Sub-Advisers") under which each Sub-Adviser manages the investments of one or
more of the Funds. Under the Sub-Adviser Agreement, the Sub-Adviser is
authorized to engage in portfolio transactions on behalf of the applicable Fund,
subject to such general or specific instructions as may be given by the
Trustees.
20
<PAGE>
For providing its services under the Management Agreement, AFIMS will receive a
fee, computed daily at an annual rate based on the average daily net asset value
of each Fund as follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Select Aggressive Growth Fund First $100
million 1.00%
Next $150
million 0.90%
Over $250
million 0.85%
Select Capital Appreciation First $100
Fund million 1.00%
Next $150
million 0.90%
Over $250
million 0.85%
Select Value Opportunity Fund First $100
million 1.00%
Next $150
million 0.85%
Next $250
million 0.80%
Next $250
million 0.75%
Over $750
million 0.70%
Select Growth Fund First $250
million 0.85%
Next $250
million 0.80%
Next $250
million 0.75%
Over $750
million 0.70%
Equity Index Fund First $50
million 0.35%
Next $200
million 0.30%
Over $250
million 0.25%
Investment Grade Income Fund First $50
million 0.50%
Next $50 million 0.45%
Over $100
million 0.40%
Money Market Fund First $50
million 0.35%
Next $200
million 0.25%
Over $250
million 0.20%
</TABLE>
The Prospectus of the Trust contains additional information concerning the
Funds, including information concerning additional expenses paid by the Funds,
and should be read in conjunction with this Prospectus.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES TO MFVAT
The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A. ("Chase") acts as investment adviser to the
Portfolios pursuant to an Investment Advisory Agreement and has overall
responsibility for investment decisions of the Portfolios, subject to the
oversight of the Board of Trustees. Chase is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The
Chase Manhattan Corporation, a bank holding company, and is located at 270 Park
Avenue, New York, New York 10017. Chase and its predecessors have over 100 years
of money management experience.
For its investment advisory services to the Portfolios, Chase is entitled to
receive an annual fee computed daily and paid monthly at an annual rate based on
the average daily net assets of each Portfolio as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNDERLYING FUND RATE
- -------------------------------------- -----------
<S> <C>
International Equity Portfolio 0.80%
Capital Growth Portfolio 0.60%
Growth and Income Portfolio 0.60%
Asset Allocation Portfolio 0.55%
U.S. Government Income Portfolio 0.50%
</TABLE>
Chase Asset Management, Inc. ("CAM"), a registered investment adviser, is the
sub-investment adviser to each of the Portfolios other than the International
Equity Portfolio pursuant to a Sub-Investment Advisory
21
<PAGE>
Agreement between CAM and Chase. CAM is a wholly-owned operating subsidiary of
Chase and makes investment decisions for the Portfolios on a day-to-day basis.
Chase Asset Management (London) Limited ("CAM London"), a registered investment
adviser, is the sub-investment adviser to the International Equity Portfolio
pursuant to a Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement between CAM London and Chase.
CAM London is a wholly-owned operating subsidiary of Chase. CAM London makes
investment decisions for the Portfolio on a day-to-day basis.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES TO DGPF
Each Series of DGPF pays an investment adviser an annual fee for managing the
portfolios and making the investment decisions for the Series. The investment
adviser for the International Equity Series is Delaware International Advisers
Ltd. ("Delaware International"). The annual fee paid by the International Equity
Series to Delaware International is based on the average daily net assets of the
Series as follows: 0.85% on the first $500 million, 0.80% on the next $500
million, 0.75% on the next $1,500 million and 0.70% on net assets in excess of
$2,500 million.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES TO T. ROWE PRICE
The Investment Adviser for the T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio is
Rowe Price-Fleming International, Inc. ("Price-Fleming"). Price-Fleming, founded
in 1979 as a joint venture between T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. and Robert
Fleming Holdings, Limited, is one of the largest no-load international mutual
fund asset managers with approximately $32 billion (as of December 31, 1998)
under management in its offices in Baltimore, London, Tokyo, Hong Kong,
Singapore and Buenos Aires. To cover investment management and operating
expenses, the T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio pays Price-Fleming a
single, all-inclusive fee of 1.05% of its average daily net assets.
ADDITION, DELETION OR SUBSTITUTION OF INVESTMENTS
The Company reserves the right, subject to applicable law, to make additions to,
deletions from, or substitutions for the shares that are held in the
Sub-Accounts or that the Sub-Accounts may purchase. If the shares of any
Underlying Fund are no longer available for investment or if, in the Company's
judgment, further investment in any Underlying Fund should become inappropriate
in view of the purposes of the Separate Account or the affected Sub-Account, the
Company may redeem the shares of that Underlying Fund and substitute shares of
another registered open-end management company. The Company will not substitute
any shares attributable to a Certificate interest in a Sub-Account without
notice to the Certificate Owner and prior approval of the SEC and state
insurance authorities, to the extent required by the 1940 Act or other
applicable law. The Separate Account may, to the extent permitted by law,
purchase other securities for other certificates or permit a conversion between
certificates upon request by a Certificate Owner.
The Company also reserves the right to establish additional Sub-Accounts of the
Separate Account, each of which would invest in shares corresponding to a new
Underlying Fund, or in shares of another investment company having a specified
investment objective. Subject to applicable law and any required SEC approval,
the Company may, in its sole discretion, establish new Sub-Accounts or eliminate
one or more Sub-Accounts if marketing needs, tax considerations or investment
conditions warrant. Any new Sub-Accounts may be made available to existing
Certificate Owners on a basis to be determined by the Company.
Shares of the Funds of the Trust are also issued to separate accounts of the
Company and its affiliates which issue variable annuity contracts ("mixed
funding"). Shares of the Portfolios of the Trust, the Portfolios of MFVAT, the
Series of DGPF and the Portfolio of T. Rowe Price are also issued to variable
annuity and variable life separate accounts of other unaffiliated insurance
companies ("mixed and shared funding"). It is conceivable that in the future
such mixed funding or shared funding may be disadvantageous for variable life
contract owners or variable annuity contract owners. Although the Company and
the Underlying Investment Companies do not currently foresee any such
disadvantages to either variable life insurance contract owners or variable
annuity contract owners, the Company and the respective Trustees intend to
monitor events in order to
22
<PAGE>
identify any material conflicts between such contract owners and to determine
what action, if any, should be taken in response thereto. If the Trustees were
to conclude that separate funds should be established for variable life and
variable annuity separate accounts, the Company will bear the attendant
expenses.
If any of these substitutions or changes are made, the Company may, by
appropriate endorsement, change the Certificate to reflect the substitution or
change and will notify Certificate Owners of all such changes. If the Company
deems it to be in the best interest of Certificate Owners, and subject to any
approvals that may be required under applicable law, the Separate Account or any
Sub-Accounts may be operated as a management company under the 1940 Act, may be
deregistered under the 1940 Act if registration is no longer required, or may be
combined with other Sub-Accounts or other separate accounts of the Company.
VOTING RIGHTS
To the extent required by law, the Company will vote Underlying Fund shares held
by each Sub-Account in accordance with instructions received from Certificate
Owners with Certificate Value in such Sub-Account. If the 1940 Act or any rules
thereunder should be amended, or if the present interpretation of the 1940 Act
or such rules should change, and as a result the Company determines that it is
permitted to vote shares in its own right, whether or not such shares are
attributable to the Certificates, the Company reserves the right to do so.
Each person having a voting interest will be provided with proxy materials of
the respective Underlying Fund, together with an appropriate form with which to
give voting instructions to the Company. Shares held in each Sub-Account for
which no timely instructions are received will be voted in proportion to the
instructions received from all persons with an interest in such Sub-Account
furnishing instructions to the Company. The Company will also vote shares held
in the Separate Account that it owns and which are not attributable to
Certificates in the same proportion.
The number of votes which a Certificate Owner has the right to instruct will be
determined by the Company as of the record date established for the Underlying
Fund. This number is determined by dividing each Certificate Owner's Certificate
Value in the Sub-Account, if any, by the net asset value of one share in the
corresponding Underlying Fund in which the assets of the Sub-Account are
invested.
We may, when required by state insurance regulatory authorities, disregard
voting instructions if the instructions require that the Fund shares be voted so
as (1) to cause a change in the subclassification or investment objective of one
or more of the Underlying Funds, or (2) to approve or disapprove an investment
advisory contract for the Underlying Funds. In addition, we may disregard voting
instructions that are in favor of any change in the investment policies or in
any investment adviser or principal underwriter if the change has been initiated
by Certificate Owners or the Trustees. Our disapproval of any such change must
be reasonable and, in the case of a change in investment policies or investment
adviser, based on a good faith determination that such change would be contrary
to state law or otherwise is inappropriate in light of the objectives and
purposes of the Funds. In the event we do disregard voting instructions, a
summary of and the reasons for that action will be included in the next periodic
report to Certificate Owners.
THE CERTIFICATE
ENROLLMENT FORM FOR A CERTIFICATE
Upon receipt at its Principal Office of a completed enrollment form from a
prospective Certificate Owner, the Company will follow certain insurance
underwriting procedures designed to determine whether the proposed Insured is
insurable. This process may involve such verification procedures as medical
examinations and may require that further information be provided by the
proposed Certificate Owner before a determination of insurability can be made. A
Certificate cannot be issued until this underwriting procedure has been
completed. The Company reserves the right to reject an enrollment form which
does not meet the Company's
23
<PAGE>
underwriting guidelines, but in underwriting insurance, the Company shall comply
with all applicable federal and state prohibitions concerning unfair
discrimination.
At the time of enrollment, the proposed insured will complete an enrollment
form, which lists the proposed amount of insurance and indicates how much of
that insurance is considered eligible for simplified underwriting. If the
eligibility questions on the enrollment form are answered "No," the Company will
provide immediate coverage equal to the simplified underwriting amount. If the
proposed insured is in a standard premium class, any insurance in excess of the
simplified underwriting amount will begin on the date the enrollment form and
medical examinations, if any, are completed. If the proposed insured cannot
answer the eligibility questions "No," and if the proposed insured is not a
standard risk, insurance coverage will begin only after the Company (1) approves
the enrollment form, (2) the Certificate is delivered and accepted, and (3) the
first premium is paid.
Pending completion of insurance underwriting and Certificate issuance
procedures, any initial premiums will be held in the General Account. If the
enrollment form is approved and the Certificate is issued and accepted, the
initial premium held in the General Account will be credited with interest not
later than the date of receipt of the premium at the Principal Office. If the
Certificate is not issued, the premiums will be returned to you without
interest.
If the Certificate provides for a full refund of the initial payment under its
"Right-to-Examine Certificate" provision as required in your state, all
Certificate Value in the General Account that you initially designated to go to
the Sub-Accounts will be transferred to the Sub-Account investing in the Money
Market Fund of the Trust upon Issuance and Acceptance of the Certificate. All
Certificate Value will be allocated as you have chosen not later than the
expiration of the period during which you may exercise the "Right-to-Examine
Certificate" provision. If the "Payor Provision" is in effect, (see CERTIFICATE
TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT -- "Payor Provisions"), Payor premiums which are
not "excess premiums" will be transferred to the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account
not later than three days after underwriting approval of the Certificate.
FREE-LOOK PERIOD
The Certificate provides for an initial Free-Look Period. You may cancel the
Certificate by mailing or delivering it to the Principal Office or to an agent
of the Company on or before the latest of (a) 45 days after the enrollment form
for the Certificate is signed, (b) 10 days (20 or 30 days if required in your
state) after you receive the Certificate, (c) 10 days after the Company mails or
personally delivers a Notice of Withdrawal Rights to you, or (d) 60 days after
you receive the Policy, if the Policy was purchased in New York as a replacement
for an existing policy.
When you return the Certificate, the Company will mail a refund to you within
seven days. The refund of any premium paid by check may be delayed until the
check has cleared your bank. If the Certificate provides for a full refund of
the initial premium under its "Right-to-Examine Certificate" provision as
required in your state, or if the Certificate was issued in New York as a
replacement, your refund will be the greater of (a) your entire premium, or (b)
the Certificate Value plus deductions under the Certificate or by the Underlying
Funds for taxes, charges or fees. If the Certificate does not provide for a full
refund of the initial premium, you will receive the Certificate Value in the
Separate Account, plus premiums paid (including fees and charges), minus the
amounts allocated to the Separate Account, plus the fees and charges imposed on
amounts in the Separate Account.
After an increase in the Face Amount, a right to cancel the increase also
applies. The Company will mail or personally deliver a notice of a "Free Look"
with respect to the increase. You will have the right to cancel the increase
before the latest of (a) 45 days after the enrollment form for the increase is
signed, (b) 10 days after you receive the new specifications pages issued for
the increase, or (c) 10 days (20 or 30 days if required in your state) after the
Company mails or delivers a Notice of Withdrawal Rights to you. Upon canceling
the
24
<PAGE>
increase, you will receive a credit to the Certificate Value of charges which
would not have been deducted but for the increase. The amount to be credited
will be refunded if you so request. The Company will also waive any surrender
charge calculated for the increase.
CONVERSION PRIVILEGES
Once during the first 24 months after the Date of Issue or after the effective
date of an increase in Face Amount, while the Certificate is in force, you may
convert your Certificate without Evidence of Insurability to a flexible premium
adjustable life insurance policy with fixed and guaranteed minimum benefits.
Assuming that there have been no increases in the initial Face Amount, you can
accomplish this within 24 months after the Date of Issue by transferring,
without charge, the Certificate Value in the Separate Account to the General
Account and by simultaneously changing your premium allocation instructions to
allocate future premium payments to the General Account. Within 24 months after
the effective date of each increase, you can transfer, without charge, all or
part of the Certificate Value in the Separate Account to the General Account and
simultaneously change your premium allocation instructions to allocate all or
part of future premium payments to the General Account.
Where required by state law, and at your request, the Company will issue a
flexible premium adjustable life insurance policy to you. The new policy will
have the same face amount, issue age, date of issue, and risk classification as
the original Certificate.
PREMIUM PAYMENTS
Premium payments are payable to the Company, and may be mailed to the Principal
Office or paid through an authorized agent of the Company. All premium payments
after the initial premium payment are credited to the Separate Account or
General Account as of date of receipt at the Principal Office.
You may establish a schedule of planned premiums which will be billed by the
Company at regular intervals. Failure to pay planned premiums, however, will not
itself cause the Certificate to lapse. You may also make unscheduled premium
payments at any time prior to the Final Premium Payment Date or skip planned
premium payments, subject to the maximum and minimum premium limitations
described below. Therefore, unlike conventional insurance policies, a
Certificate does not obligate you to pay premiums in accordance with a rigid and
inflexible premium schedule.
You may also elect to pay premiums by means of a monthly automatic payment
("MAP") procedure. Under a MAP procedure, amounts will be deducted from your
checking account each month, generally on the Monthly Processing Date, and
applied as a premium under the Certificate. The minimum payment permitted under
MAP is $50.
Premiums are not limited as to frequency and number. However, no premium payment
may be less than $100 without the Company's consent. Moreover, premium payments
must be sufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction plus loan interest
accrued, or the Certificate may lapse. See CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND
REINSTATEMENT.
In no event may the total of all premiums paid exceed the current maximum
premium limitations set forth in the Certificate, if required by federal tax
laws. These maximum premium limitations will change whenever there is any change
in the Face Amount, the addition or deletion of a rider, or a change in the
Death Benefit Option. If a premium is paid which would result in total premiums
exceeding the current maximum premium limitations, the Company will only accept
that portion of the premiums which shall make total premiums equal the maximum.
Any part of the premiums in excess of that amount will be returned and no
further premiums will be accepted until allowed by the current maximum premium
limitation prescribed by Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") rules. Notwithstanding
the current maximum premium limitations, however, the
25
<PAGE>
Company will accept a premium which is needed in order to prevent a lapse of the
Certificate during a Certificate year. See CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND
REINSTATEMENT.
ALLOCATION OF NET PREMIUMS
The Net Premium equals the premium paid less any premium expense charge. In the
enrollment form for the Certificate, you indicate the initial allocation of Net
Premiums among the General Account and the Sub-Accounts of the Separate Account.
You may allocate premiums to one or more Sub-Accounts, but may not have
Certificate Value in more than twenty Sub-Accounts at any one time. The minimum
amount which may be allocated to a Sub-Account is 1% of Net Premium paid.
Allocation percentages must be in whole numbers (for example, 33 1/3% may not be
chosen) and must total 100%. You may change the allocation of future Net
Premiums at any time pursuant to written or telephone request. If allocation
changes by telephone are elected by the Certificate Owner, a properly completed
authorization form must be on file before telephone requests will be honored.
The policy of the Company and its agents and affiliates is that they will not be
responsible for losses resulting from acting upon telephone requests reasonably
believed to be genuine. The Company will employ reasonable procedures to confirm
that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine; otherwise, the Company
may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. The
procedures the Company follows for transactions initiated by telephone may
include requirements that callers on behalf of a Certificate Owner identify
themselves by name and identify the Certificate Owner by name, date of birth or
social security number. All transfer instructions by telephone are tape
recorded. An allocation change will be effective as of the date of receipt of
the notice at the Principal Office. No charge is currently imposed for changing
premium allocation instructions. The Company reserves the right to impose such a
charge in the future, but guarantees that the charge will not exceed $25.
The Certificate Value in the Sub-Accounts will vary with their investment
experience; you bear this investment risk. The investment performance may affect
the Death Proceeds as well. Certificate Owners should periodically review their
allocations of premiums and Certificate Value in light of market conditions and
overall financial planning requirements.
TRANSFER PRIVILEGE
Subject to the Company's then current rules, you may at any time transfer the
Certificate Value among the Sub-Accounts or between a Sub-Account and the
General Account. However, the Certificate Value held in the General Account to
secure a Certificate loan may not be transferred.
All requests for transfers must be made to the Principal Office. The amount
transferred will be based on the Certificate Value in the Accounts next computed
after receipt of the transfer order. The Company will make transfers pursuant to
written or telephone requests. As discussed in THE CERTIFICATE -- "Allocation of
Net Premiums," a properly completed authorization form must be on file at the
Principal Office before telephone requests will be honored.
Transfers to and from the General Account are currently permitted only if:
(a) There has been at least a ninety (90) day period since the last transfer
from the General Account; and
(b) The amount transferred from the General Account in each transfer does not
exceed the lesser of $100,000 or 25% of the Accumulated Value under the
Certificate.
These rules are subject to change by the Company.
DOLLAR COST AVERAGING AND AUTOMATIC REBALANCING OPTIONS
You may have automatic transfers of at least $100 each made on a periodic basis
(a) from the Sub-Accounts which invest in the Money Market Fund and Government
Bond Fund of the Trust to one or more of the other Sub-Accounts ("Dollar Cost
Averaging Option"), or (b) to automatically reallocate Certificate Value among
26
<PAGE>
the Sub-Accounts ("Automatic Rebalancing Option"). Automatic transfers may be
made on a monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual schedule.
Generally, all transfers will be processed on the 15th of each scheduled month.
However, if the 15th is not a business day or is the Monthly Processing Date,
the automatic transfer will be processed on the next business day. The Dollar
Cost Averaging Option and the Automatic Rebalancing Option may not be in effect
at the same time.
TRANSFER PRIVILEGE SUBJECT TO POSSIBLE LIMITATIONS
The transfer privilege is subject to the consent of the Company. The Company
reserves the right to impose limitations on transfers including, but not limited
to: (1) the minimum amount that may be transferred, (2) the minimum amount that
may remain in a Sub-Account following a transfer from that Sub-Account, (3) the
minimum period of time between transfers involving the General Account, and (4)
the maximum amount that may be transferred each time from the General Account.
The first twelve transfers in a Certificate year will be free of any charge.
Thereafter, a $10 transfer charge will be deducted from the amount transferred
for each transfer in that Certificate year. The Company may increase or decrease
this charge, but it is guaranteed never to exceed $25. The first automatic
transfer counts as one transfer towards the twelve free transfers allowed in
each Certificate year; each subsequent automatic transfer is without charge and
does not reduce the remaining number of transfers which may be made free of
charge. Any transfers made with respect to a conversion privilege, Certificate
loan or material change in investment policy will not count towards the twelve
free transfers.
ELECTION OF DEATH BENEFIT OPTIONS
Federal tax law requires a minimum death benefit in relation to cash value for a
Certificate to qualify as life insurance. Under current federal tax law, either
the Guideline Premium test or the Cash Value Accumulation test can be used to
determine if the Certificate complies with the definition of "life insurance" in
Section 7702 of the Code. At the time of application, the Employer may elect
either of the tests.
The Guideline Premium test limits the amount of premiums payable under a
Certificate to a certain amount for an insured of a particular age and sex.
Under the Guideline Premium test, the Certificate Owner may choose between Death
Benefit Option 1 and Option 2, as described below. After issuance of the
Certificate, the Certificate Owner may change the selection from Option 1 to
Option 2 or vice versa. The Cash Value Accumulation test requires that the Death
Benefit must be sufficient so that the cash Surrender Value, as defined in
Section 7702, does not at any time exceed the net single premium required to
fund the future benefits under the Certificate. In the event the maximum premium
limit applies, we reserve the right to obtain evidence of insurability which is
satisfactory to us as a condition to accepting excess premium. If the Cash Value
Accumulation test is chosen by the employer, ONLY Death Benefit Option 3 will
apply. Death Benefits Option 1 and Option 2 are NOT available under the Cash
Value Accumulation test.
GUIDELINE PREMIUM TEST AND CASH VALUE ACCUMULATION TEST
There are two main differences between the Guideline Premium test and the Cash
Value Accumulation test. First, the Guideline Premium test limits the amount of
premium that may be paid into a Certificate, while no such limits apply under
the Cash Value Accumulation test. Second, the factors that determine the minimum
Death Benefit relative to the Certificate Value are different. Required
increases in the minimum Death Benefit due to growth in Certificate Value will
generally be greater under the Cash Value Accumulation test than under the
Guideline Premium test. APPLICANTS FOR A CERTIFICATE SHOULD CONSULT A QUALIFIED
TAX ADVISER IN CHOOSING A DEATH BENEFIT ELECTION.
OPTION 1--LEVEL DEATH BENEFIT
Under Option 1, the Death Benefit is equal to the greater of the Face Amount or
the Minimum Death Benefit, as set forth in the table below. Under Option 1, the
Death Benefit will remain level unless the Minimum Death Benefit is greater than
the Face Amount, in which case the Death Benefit will vary as the Certificate
Value
27
<PAGE>
varies. Option 1 will offer the best opportunity for the Certificate Value under
a Certificate to increase without increasing the Death Benefit as quickly as it
might under the other options. The Death Benefit will never go below the Face
Amount.
OPTION 2--ADJUSTABLE DEATH BENEFIT
Under Option 2, the Death Benefit is equal to the greater of the Face Amount
plus the Certificate Value or the Minimum Death Benefit, as set forth in the
table below. The Death Benefit will, therefore, vary as the Certificate Value
changes, but will never be less than the Face Amount. Option 2 will offer the
best opportunity for the Certificate Owner who would like to have an increasing
Death Benefit as early as possible. The Death Benefit will increase whenever
there is an increase in the Certificate Value, and will decrease whenever there
is a decrease in the Certificate Value, but will never go below the Face Amount.
OPTION 3--LEVEL DEATH BENEFIT WITH CASH VALUE ACCUMULATION TEST
Under Option 3, the Death Benefit will equal the Face Amount, unless the
Certificate Value, multiplied by the applicable Option 3 Death Benefit Factor,
results in a higher Death Benefit. A complete list of Option 3 Death Benefit
Factors is set forth in the Certificate. The applicable Death Benefit Factor
depends upon the sex, risk classification, and then-attained age of the Insured.
The Death Benefit Factor decreases slightly from year to year as the attained
age of the Insured increases. Option 3 will offer the best opportunity for the
Certificate Owner who is looking for an increasing death benefit in later
Certificate years and/or would like to fund the Certificate at the "seven-pay"
limit for the full seven years. When the Certificate Value multiplied by the
applicable Death Benefit Factor exceeds the Face Amount, the Death Benefit will
increase whenever there is an increase in the Certificate Value, and will
decrease whenever there is a decrease in the Certificate Value, but will never
go below the Face Amount. OPTION 3 MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN ALL STATES.
DEATH PROCEEDS
As long as the Certificate remains in force (see CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND
REINSTATEMENT), the Company will, upon due proof of the Insured's death, pay the
Death Proceeds of the Certificate to the named Beneficiary. The Company will
normally pay the Death Proceeds within seven days of receiving due proof of the
Insured's death, but the Company may delay payments under certain circumstances.
See OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS -- "Postponement of Payments." The Death
Proceeds may be received by the Beneficiary in a lump sum or under one or more
of the payment options the Company offers. See APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT OPTIONS.
The Death Proceeds payable depend on the current Face Amount and the Death
Benefit Option that is in effect on the date of death. Prior to the Final
Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds are: (a) the Death Benefit provided
under Option 1, Option 2, or Option 3, whichever is in effect on the date of
death; plus (b) any additional insurance on the Insured's life that is provided
by rider; minus (c) any outstanding Debt, any partial withdrawals and partial
withdrawal charges, and any Monthly Deductions due and unpaid through the
Certificate month in which the Insured dies. After the Final Premium Payment
Date, the Death Proceeds equal the Surrender Value of the Certificate. The
amount of Death Proceeds payable will be determined as of the date of the
Company's receipt of due proof of the Insured's death.
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT DEATH BENEFIT OPTIONS 1 AND 2
If the Guideline Premium Test is chosen by the Employer, the Certificate Owner
may choose between Death Benefit Option 1 or Option 2. The Certificate Owner may
designate the desired Death Benefit Option in the enrollment form, and may
change the option once per Certificate year by Written Request. There is no
charge for a change in option.
MINIMUM DEATH BENEFIT UNDER OPTION 1 AND OPTION 2
The Minimum Death Benefit under Option 1 or Option 2 is equal to a percentage of
the Certificate Value as set forth below. The Minimum Death Benefit is
determined in accordance with the Code regulations to ensure that the
Certificate qualifies as a life insurance contract and that the insurance
proceeds may be excluded from the gross income of the Beneficiary.
28
<PAGE>
MINIMUM DEATH BENEFIT TABLE
(Option 1 and Option 2)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Age of Insured Percentage of
on Date of Death Certificate Value
- ---------------------------------------------------------- -------------------
<S> <C>
40 and under.............................................. 250%
45........................................................ 215%
50........................................................ 185%
55........................................................ 150%
60........................................................ 130%
65........................................................ 120%
70........................................................ 115%
75........................................................ 105%
80........................................................ 105%
85........................................................ 105%
90........................................................ 105%
95 and above.............................................. 100%
</TABLE>
For the Ages not listed, the progression between the listed Ages is linear.
For any Face Amount, the amount of the Death Benefit and thus the Death Proceeds
will be greater under Option 2 than under Option 1, since the Certificate Value
is added to the specified Face Amount and included in the Death Proceeds only
under Option 2. However, the cost of insurance included in the Monthly Deduction
will be greater, and thus the rate at which Certificate Value will accumulate
will be slower, under Option 2 than under Option 1. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- -- "Monthly Deduction from Certificate Value."
If you desire to have premium payments and investment performance reflected in
the amount of the Death Benefit, you should choose Option 2. If you desire
premium payments and investment performance reflected to the maximum extent in
the Certificate Value, you should select Option 1.
ILLUSTRATION OF OPTION 1
For purposes of this illustration, assume that the Insured is under the Age of
40, and that there is no outstanding Debt. Under Option 1, a Certificate with a
$50,000 Face Amount will generally have a Death Benefit equal to $50,000.
However, because the Death Benefit must be equal to or greater than 250% of
Certificate Value, if at any time the Certificate Value exceeds $20,000, the
Death Benefit will exceed the $50,000 Face Amount. In this example, each
additional dollar of Certificate Value above $20,000 will increase the Death
Benefit by $2.50. For example, a Certificate with a Certificate Value of $35,000
will have a Minimum Death Benefit of $87,500 ($35,000 X 2.50); Certificate Value
of $40,000 will produce a Minimum Death Benefit of $100,000 ($40,000 X 2.50);
and Certificate Value of $50,000 will produce a Minimum Death Benefit of
$125,000 ($50,000 X 2.50).
Similarly, if Certificate Value exceeds $20,000, each dollar taken out of
Certificate Value will reduce the Death Benefit by $2.50. If, for example, the
Certificate Value is reduced from $25,000 to $20,000 because of partial
withdrawals, charges or negative investment performance, the Death Benefit will
be reduced from $62,500 to $50,000. If at any time, however, the Certificate
Value multiplied by the applicable percentage is less than the Face Amount, the
Death Benefit will equal the Face Amount of the Certificate.
The applicable percentage becomes lower as the Insured's Age increases. If the
Insured's Age in the above example were, for example, 50 (rather than between 0
and 40), the applicable percentage would be 185%. The Death Benefit would not
exceed the $50,000 Face Amount unless the Certificate Value exceeded $27,027
(rather than $20,000), and each dollar then added to or taken from Certificate
Value would change the Death Benefit by $1.85.
29
<PAGE>
ILLUSTRATION OF OPTION 2
For purposes of this illustration, assume that the Insured is under the Age of
40 and that there is no outstanding Debt.
Under Option 2, a Certificate with a Face Amount of $50,000 will generally
produce a Death Benefit of $50,000 plus Certificate Value. For example, a
Certificate with Certificate Value of $5,000 will produce a Death Benefit of
$55,000 ($50,000 + $5,000); Certificate Value of $10,000 will produce a Death
Benefit of $60,000 ($50,000 + $10,000); Certificate Value of $25,000 will
produce a Death Benefit of $75,000 ($50,000 + $25,000). However, the Death
Benefit must be at least 250% of the Certificate Value. Therefore, if the
Certificate Value is greater than $33,333, 250% of that amount will be the Death
Benefit, which will be greater than the Face Amount plus Certificate Value. In
this example, each additional dollar of Certificate Value above $33,333 will
increase the Death Benefit by $2.50. For example, if the Certificate Value is
$35,000, the Minimum Death Benefit will be $87,500 ($35,000 X 2.50); Certificate
Value of $40,000 will produce a Minimum Death Benefit of $100,000 ($40,000 X
2.50); and Certificate Value of $50,000 will produce a Minimum Death Benefit of
$125,000 ($50,000 X 2.50).
Similarly, if Certificate Value exceeds $33,333, each dollar taken out of
Certificate Value will reduce the Death Benefit by $2.50. If, for example, the
Certificate Value is reduced from $45,000 to $40,000 because of partial
withdrawals, charges or negative investment performance, the Death Benefit will
be reduced from $112,500 to $100,000. If at any time, however, Certificate Value
multiplied by the applicable percentage is less than the Face Amount plus
Certificate Value, then the Death Benefit will be the current Face Amount plus
Certificate Value.
The applicable percentage becomes lower as the Insured's Age increases. If the
Insured's Age in the above example were 50, the Death Benefit must be at least
1.85 times the Certificate Value. The amount of the Death Benefit would be the
sum of the Certificate Value plus $50,000 unless the Certificate Value exceeded
$58,824 (rather than $33,333). Each dollar added to or subtracted from the
Certificate would change the Death Benefit by $1.85.
The Death Benefit under Option 2 will always be the greater of the Face Amount
plus Certificate Value or the Certificate Value multiplied by the applicable
percentage.
CHANGE IN DEATH BENEFIT OPTION
Generally, if Death Benefit Option 1 or Option 2 is in effect, the Death Benefit
Option in effect may be changed once each Certificate year by sending a Written
Request for change to the Principal Office. The effective date of any such
change will be the Monthly Processing Date on or following the date of receipt
of the request. No charges will be imposed on changes in Death Benefit Options.
IF OPTION 3 IS IN EFFECT, YOU MAY NOT CHANGE TO EITHER OPTION 1 OR OPTION 2.
If the Death Benefit Option is changed from Option 2 to Option 1, the Face
Amount will be increased to equal the Death Benefit which would have been
payable under Option 2 on the effective date of the change (i.e., the Face
Amount immediately prior to the change plus the Certificate Value on the date of
the change). The amount of the Death Benefit will not be altered at the time of
the change. However, the change in option will affect the determination of the
Death Benefit from that point on, since the Certificate Value will no longer be
added to the Face Amount in determining the Death Benefit. The Death Benefit
will equal the new Face Amount (or, if higher, the Minimum Death Benefit). The
cost of insurance may be higher or lower than it otherwise would have been since
any increases or decreases in Certificate Value will, respectively, reduce or
increase the Insurance Amount at Risk under Option 1. Assuming a positive net
investment return with respect to any amounts in the Separate Account, changing
the Death Benefit Option from Option 2 to Option 1 will reduce the Insurance
Amount at Risk and, therefore, the cost of insurance charge for all subsequent
Monthly Deductions, compared to what such charge would have been if no such
change were made. If the Death Benefit Option is changed from Option 1 to Option
2, the Face Amount will be decreased to equal the Death
30
<PAGE>
Benefit less the Certificate Value on the effective date of the change. This
change may not be made if it would result in a Face Amount less than $40,000. A
change from Option 1 to Option 2 will not alter the amount of the Death Benefit
at the time of the change, but will affect the determination of the Death
Benefit from that point on. Because the Certificate Value will be added to the
new specified Face Amount, the Death Benefit will vary with the Certificate
Value. Thus, under Option 2, the Insurance Amount at Risk will always equal the
Face Amount unless the Minimum Death Benefit is in effect. The cost of insurance
may also be higher or lower than it otherwise would have been without the change
in Death Benefit Option. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly Deduction from
Certificate Value."
A change in Death Benefit Option may result in total premiums paid exceeding the
then current maximum premium limitation determined by Internal Revenue Service
Rules. In such event, the Company will pay the excess to the Certificate Owner.
See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Premium Payments."
CHANGE IN FACE AMOUNT
Subject to certain limitations, you may increase or decrease the specified Face
Amount of a Certificate at any time by submitting a Written Request to the
Company. Any increase or decrease in the specified Face Amount requested by you
will become effective on the Monthly Processing Date on or next following the
date of receipt of the request at the Principal Office or, if Evidence of
Insurability is required, the date of approval of the request.
INCREASES
Along with the Written Request for an increase, you must submit satisfactory
Evidence of Insurability. The consent of the Insured is also required whenever
the Face Amount is increased. A request for an increase in the Face Amount may
not be less than an amount determined by the Company. This amount varies by
group but in no event will this amount exceed $10,000. You may not increase the
Face Amount after the Insured reaches Age 80. An increase must be accompanied by
an additional premium if the Certificate Value is less than $50 plus an amount
equal to the sum of two Monthly Deductions. On the effective date of each
increase in the Face Amount, a transaction charge of $2.50 per $1,000 of
increase up to $40, will be deducted from the Certificate Value for
administrative costs. The effective date of the increase will be the first
Monthly Processing Date on or following the date all of the conditions for the
increase are met.
An increase in the Face Amount will generally affect the Insurance Amount at
Risk, and may affect the portion of the Insurance Amount at Risk included in
various Underwriting Classes (if more than one Underwriting Class applies), both
of which may affect the monthly cost of insurance charges. A surrender charge
will also be calculated for the increase. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly
Deduction from Certificate Value" and "Surrender Charge."
After increasing the Face Amount, you will have the right (1) during a Free-Look
Period, to have the increase cancelled and the charges which would not have been
deducted but for the increase will be credited to the Certificate, and (2)
during the first 24 months following the increase, to transfer any or all
Certificate Value to the General Account free of charge. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Free-Look Period" and "Conversion Privileges." A refund of charges which would
not have been deducted but for the increase will be made at your request.
DECREASES
The minimum amount for a decrease in the Face Amount is $10,000. By current
Company practice, the Face Amount in force after any decrease may not be less
than $50,000. If, following a decrease in the Face Amount, the Certificate would
not comply with the maximum premium limitation applicable under the IRS rules,
the decrease may be limited or Certificate Value may be returned to the
Certificate Owner (at your election) to the extent necessary to meet the
requirements. A return of Certificate Value may result in tax liability to you.
31
<PAGE>
A decrease in the Face Amount will affect the total Insurance Amount at Risk and
the portion of the Insurance Amount at Risk covered by various Underwriting
Classes, both of which may affect a Certificate Owner's monthly cost of
insurance charges. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly Deduction from
Certificate Value."
For purposes of determining the cost of insurance charge, any decrease in the
Face Amount will reduce the Face Amount in the following order: (a) the Face
Amount provided by the most recent increase; (b) the next most recent increases
successively; and (c) the initial Face Amount. This order will also be used to
determine whether a surrender charge will be deducted and in what amount. If the
Face Amount is decreased while the Payor Provisions apply (see CERTIFICATE
TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT -- "Termination"), the above order may be modified
to determine the cost of insurance charge. You may then reduce or eliminate any
Face Amount for which you are paying the insurance charges, on a
last-in/first-out basis, before you reduce or eliminate amounts of insurance
which are paid by the Payor.
If you request a decrease in the Face Amount, the amount of any surrender charge
deducted will reduce the current Certificate Value. On the effective date of
each decrease in the Face Amount, a transaction charge of $2.50 per $1,000 of
decrease, up to a maximum of $40, will be deducted from the Certificate Value
for administrative costs. You may specify one Sub-Account from which the
transaction charge and, if applicable, any surrender charge will be deducted. If
you do not specify a Sub-Account, the Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation.
The current surrender charge will be reduced by the amount of any surrender
charge deducted. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender Charge" and APPENDIX D
- -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES.
CERTIFICATE VALUE AND SURRENDER VALUE
The Certificate Value is the total amount available for investment and is equal
to the sum of the accumulation in the General Account and the value of the Units
in the Sub-Accounts. The Certificate Value is used in determining the Surrender
Value (the Certificate Value less any Debt and any surrender charge). See THE
CERTIFICATE -- "Surrender." There is no guaranteed minimum Certificate Value.
Because Certificate Value on any date depends upon a number of variables, it
cannot be predetermined. Certificate Value and Surrender Value will reflect
frequency and amount of Net Premiums paid, interest credited to accumulations in
the General Account, the investment performance of the chosen Sub-Accounts, any
partial withdrawals, any loans, any loan repayments, any loan interest paid or
credited, and any charges assessed in connection with the Certificate.
CALCULATION OF CERTIFICATE VALUE
The Certificate Value is determined on the Date of Issue and on each Valuation
Date. On the Date of Issue, the Certificate Value will be the Net Premiums
received, plus any interest earned during the period when premiums are held in
the General Account (before being transferred to the Separate Account; see THE
CERTIFICATE -- "Enrollment Form for a Certificate") less any Monthly Deductions
due. On each Valuation Date after the Date of Issue the Certificate Value will
be:
(1) the sum of the values in each of the Sub-Accounts on the Valuation Date,
determined for each Sub-Account by multiplying the value of a Unit in that
Sub-Account on that date by the number of such Units allocated to the
Certificate; plus
(2) the value in the General Account (including any amounts transferred to the
General Account with respect to a loan).
Thus, the Certificate Value is determined by multiplying the number of Units in
each Sub-Account by their value on the particular Valuation Date, adding the
products, and adding accumulations in the General Account, if any.
32
<PAGE>
THE UNIT
You allocate the Net Premiums among the Sub-Accounts. Allocations to the
Sub-Accounts are credited to the Certificate in the form of Units. Units are
credited separately for each Sub-Account.
The number of Units of each Sub-Account credited to the Certificate is equal to
the portion of the Net Premium allocated to the Sub-Account, divided by the
dollar value of the applicable Unit as of the Valuation Date the payment is
received at the Principal Office. The number of Units will remain fixed unless
changed by a subsequent split of Unit value, transfer, partial withdrawal or
surrender. In addition, if the Company is deducting the Monthly Deduction or
other charges from a Sub-Account, each such deduction will result in
cancellation of a number of Units equal in value to the amount deducted.
The dollar value of a Unit of each Sub-Account varies from Valuation Date to
Valuation Date based on the investment experience of that Sub-Account. That
experience, in turn, will reflect the investment performance, expenses and
charges of the respective Underlying Fund. The value of a Unit was set at $1.00
on the first Valuation Date for each Sub-Account. The dollar value of a Unit on
a given Valuation Date is determined by multiplying the dollar value of the
corresponding Unit as of the immediately preceding Valuation Date by the
appropriate net investment factor.
NET INVESTMENT FACTOR
The net investment factor measures the investment performance of a Sub-Account
of the Separate Account during the Valuation Period just ended. The net
investment factor for each Sub-Account is equal to 1.0000 plus the number
arrived at by dividing (a) by (b), where
(a) is the investment income of that Sub-Account for the Valuation Period, plus
capital gains, realized or unrealized, credited during the Valuation Period;
minus capital losses, realized or unrealized, charged during the Valuation
Period; adjusted for provisions made for taxes, if any; and
(b) is the value of that Sub-Account's assets at the beginning of the Valuation
Period.
The net investment factor may be greater or less than one. Therefore, the value
of a Unit may increase or decrease. You bear the investment risk. Subject to
applicable state and federal laws, the Company reserves the right to change the
methodology used to determine the net investment factor. Allocations to the
General Account are not converted into Units, but are credited interest at a
rate periodically set by the Company. See MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE GENERAL
ACCOUNT.
PAYMENT OPTIONS
During the Insured's lifetime, you may arrange for the Death Proceeds to be paid
in a single sum or under one or more of the payment options then offered by the
Company. These payment options are also available at the Final Premium Payment
Date and if the Certificate is surrendered. If no election is made, the Company
will pay the Death Proceeds in a single sum. See APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT OPTIONS.
OPTIONAL INSURANCE BENEFITS
Subject to certain requirements, one or more of the optional insurance benefits
described in APPENDIX A - OPTIONAL BENEFITS may be added to a Certificate by
rider. The cost of any optional insurance benefits will be deducted as part of
the Monthly Deduction. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly Deduction from
Certificate Value."
SURRENDER
You may at any time surrender the Certificate and receive its Surrender Value.
The Surrender Value is the Certificate Value, less Debt and applicable surrender
charges. The Surrender Value will be calculated as of the Valuation Date on
which a Written Request for surrender and the Certificate are received at the
Principal
33
<PAGE>
Office. A surrender charge may be deducted when a Certificate is surrendered if
less than 15 full Certificate years have elapsed from the Date of Issue of the
Certificate or from the effective date of any increase in the Face Amount. See
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender Charge."
The proceeds on surrender may be paid in a lump sum or under one of the payment
options the Company offers. See APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT OPTIONS. The Company will
normally pay the Surrender Value within seven days following the Company's
receipt of the surrender request, but the Company may delay payment under the
circumstances described in OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS -- "Postponement of
Payments."
For important tax considerations which may result from surrender see FEDERAL TAX
CONSIDERATIONS.
PAID-UP INSURANCE OPTION
On Written Request, you may elect life insurance coverage, usually for a reduced
amount, for the life of the Insured with no further premiums due. The Paid-Up
Insurance will be the amount that the Surrender Value can purchase for a net
single premium at the Insured's Age and Underwriting Class on the date this
option is elected. If the Surrender Value exceeds the net single premium, we
will pay the excess to you. The net single premium is based on the Commissioners
1980 Standard Ordinary Mortality Tables, Smoker or Non-Smoker (Table B for
unisex certificates) with increases in the tables for non-standard risks.
Interest will not be less than 4.5%.
IF THE PAID-UP INSURANCE OPTION IS ELECTED, THE FOLLOWING
CERTIFICATE OWNER RIGHTS AND BENEFITS WILL BE AFFECTED:
- As described above, the Paid-Up Insurance benefit will be computed
differently from the net Death Benefit and the Death Benefit options will
not apply
- We will not allow transfers of Certificate Value from the General Account
back to the Separate Account
- You may not make further payments
- You may not increase or decrease the Face Amount or make partial
withdrawals
- Riders will continue only with our consent
You may, after electing Paid-Up Insurance, surrender the Certificate for its net
cash value. The guaranteed cash value is the net single premium for the Paid-Up
Insurance at the Insured's attained Age. The net cash value is the cash value
less any outstanding Debt. We will transfer the Certificate Value in the
Separate Account to the General Account on the date we receive Written Request
to elect the option.
On election of Paid-Up Insurance, the Certificate often will become a modified
endowment contract. If a Certificate becomes a modified endowment contract,
Certificate loans, partial withdrawals or surrender will receive unfavorable
federal tax treatment. See FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS -- "Modified Endowment
Contracts."
PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL
Any time after the first Certificate year, you may withdraw a portion of the
Surrender Value of the Certificate, subject to the limits stated below, upon
Written Request filed at the Principal Office. The Written Request must indicate
the dollar amount you wish to receive and the Accounts from which such amount is
to be withdrawn. You may allocate the amount withdrawn among the Sub-Accounts
and the General Account. If
34
<PAGE>
you do not provide allocation instructions, the Company will make a Pro-Rata
Allocation. Each partial withdrawal must be in a minimum amount of $500. Under
Option 1 or Option 3, the Face Amount is reduced by the amount of the partial
withdrawal, and a partial withdrawal will not be allowed if it would reduce the
Face Amount below $40,000.
A partial withdrawal from a Sub-Account will result in the cancellation of the
number of Units equivalent in value to the amount withdrawn. The amount
withdrawn equals the amount requested by you plus the transaction charge and any
applicable partial withdrawal charge as described under CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- -- "Charges on Partial Withdrawal." The Company will normally pay the amount of
the partial withdrawal within seven days following the Company's receipt of the
partial withdrawal request, but the Company may delay payment under certain
circumstances described in OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS -- "Postponement of
Payments." For important tax consequences which may result from partial
withdrawals, see FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS.
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
Charges will be deducted to compensate the Company for providing the insurance
benefits set forth in the Certificate and any additional benefits added by
rider, providing servicing, incurring distribution expenses, and assuming
certain risks in connection with the Certificates. Certain of the charges
described below may be reduced for Certificates issued in connection with a
specific group under a non-qualified benefit plan. Charges and deductions may
vary based on criteria, for example, such as the purpose for which the
Certificates are purchased, the size of the benefit plan and the expected number
of participants, the underwriting characteristics of the group, the levels and
types of administrative services provided to the benefit plan and participants,
and anticipated aggregate premium payments. From time to time the Company may
modify both the amounts and criteria for reductions, which will not be unfairly
discriminatory against any person.
PREMIUM EXPENSE CHARGE
A charge may be deducted from each premium payment for state and local premium
taxes paid by the Company. State premium taxes generally range from 0.75% to 5%,
while local premium taxes (if any) vary by jurisdiction within a state. The
Company guarantees that the charge for premium taxes will not exceed 10%. The
premium tax charge may change when either the applicable jurisdiction changes or
the tax rate within the applicable jurisdiction changes. The Company should be
notified of any change in address of the Insured as soon as possible.
Additional charges are made to compensate the Company for federal taxes imposed
for deferred acquisition cost ("DAC") taxes and for distribution expenses
related to the Certificates. The DAC tax deduction may range from zero to 1% of
premiums, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued. The charge for
distribution expenses may range from zero to 10%. The distribution charge may
vary, depending upon such factors, for example, as the type of the benefit plan,
average number of participants, average Face Amount of the Certificates,
anticipated average annual premiums, and the actual distribution expenses
incurred by the Company.
MONTHLY DEDUCTION FROM CERTIFICATE VALUE
On the Date of Issue and each Monthly Processing Date thereafter prior to the
Final Premium Payment Date, certain charges ("Monthly Deduction") will be
deducted from the Certificate Value. The Monthly Deduction includes a charge for
cost of insurance, a charge for the cost of any additional benefits provided by
rider and a charge for Certificate administrative expenses that may be up to
$10, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued. The Monthly Deduction
may also include a charge for Separate Account administrative expenses and a
charge for mortality and expense risks. The Separate Account administrative
charge may continue for up to 10 Certificate years and may be up to 0.25% of
Certificate Value in each Sub-Account, depending on the group to which the
Policy was issued. The mortality and expense risk charge may be up to
35
<PAGE>
0.90% of Certificate Value in each Sub-Account. The Monthly Deduction on or
following the effective date of a requested change in the Face Amount will also
include a charge of $2.50 per $1,000 of increase or decrease, to a maximum of
$40, for administrative costs associated with the change. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Charge for Change in Face Amount."
You may specify from which Sub-Account the cost of insurance charge, the charge
for Certificate administrative expenses, the mortality and expense risk charge,
and the charge for the cost of additional benefits provided by rider will be
deducted. If the Payor Provision is in force, all cost of insurance charges and
administrative charges will be deducted from the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account.
If no allocation is specified, the Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation.
The Separate Account administrative charge and the mortality and expense risk
charge are assessed against each Sub-Account that generates a charge. In the
event that a charge is greater than the value of the Sub-Account to which it
relates on a Monthly Processing Date, the Company will make a Pro-Rata
Allocation of the unpaid balance.
Monthly Deductions are made on the Date of Issue and on each Monthly Processing
Date until the Final Premium Payment Date. No Monthly Deductions will be made on
or after the Final Premium Payment Date.
COST OF INSURANCE
This charge is designed to compensate the Company for the anticipated cost of
providing Death Proceeds to Beneficiaries of those Insureds who die prior to the
Final Premium Payment Date. The cost of insurance is determined on a monthly
basis, and is determined separately for the initial Face Amount and for each
subsequent increase in the Face Amount. Because the cost of insurance depends
upon a number of variables, it can vary from month to month and from group to
group.
CALCULATION OF THE CHARGE
If Death Benefit Option 2 is in effect, the monthly cost of insurance charge for
the initial Face Amount will equal the applicable cost of insurance rate
multiplied by the initial Face Amount. If Death Benefit Option 1 or Option 3 is
in effect, however, the applicable cost of insurance rate will be multiplied by
the initial Face Amount less the Certificate Value (minus charges for rider
benefits) at the beginning of the Certificate month. Thus, the cost of insurance
charge may be greater if Death Benefit Option 2 is in effect than if Death
Benefit Option 1 or Option 3 is in effect, assuming the same Face Amount in each
case and assuming that the Minimum Death Benefit is not in effect.
In other words, since the Death Benefit under Option 1 or Option 3 remains
constant while the Death Benefit under Option 2 varies with the Certificate
Value, any Certificate Value increases will reduce the insurance charge under
Option 1 or Option 3, but not under Option 2.
If Death Benefit Option 2 is in effect, the monthly insurance charge for each
increase in the Face Amount (other than an increase caused by a change in Death
Benefit Option) will be equal to the cost of insurance rate applicable to that
increase multiplied by the increase in the Face Amount. If Death Benefit Option
1 or Option 3 is in effect, the applicable cost of insurance rate will be
multiplied by the increase in the Face Amount reduced by any Certificate Value
(minus rider charges) in excess of the initial Face Amount at the beginning of
the Certificate month.
If the Minimum Death Benefit is in effect under any Option, a monthly cost of
insurance charge will also be calculated for that portion of the Death Benefit
which exceeds the current Face Amount. This charge will be calculated by:
- multiplying the cost of insurance rate applicable to the initial Face
Amount times the Minimum Death Benefit (Certificate Value times the
applicable percentage), MINUS
36
<PAGE>
- the greater of the Face Amount or the Certificate Value under Death
Benefit Option 1 or Option 3,
OR
- the Face Amount plus the Certificate Value under Death Benefit Option
2.
When the Minimum Death Benefit is in effect, the cost of insurance charge for
the initial Face Amount and for any increases will be calculated as set forth in
the preceding two paragraphs.
The monthly cost of insurance charge will also be adjusted for any decreases in
the Face Amount. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Change in Face Amount: Decreases."
COST OF INSURANCE RATES
This Certificate is sold to eligible individuals who are members of a
non-qualified benefit plan having a minimum, depending on the group, of five or
more members. A portion of the initial Face Amount may be issued on a guaranteed
or simplified underwriting basis. The amount of this portion will be determined
for each group, and may vary based on characteristics within the group.
The determination of the Underwriting Class for the guaranteed or simplified
issue portion will, in part, be based on the type of group; the number of
persons eligible to participate in the plan; expected percentage of eligible
persons participating in the plan; and the amount of guaranteed or simplified
underwriting insurance to be issued. Larger groups, higher participation rates
and occupations with historically favorable mortality rates will generally
result in the individuals within that group being placed in a more favorable
Underwriting Class.
Cost of insurance rates are based on a blended unisex rate table, Age and
Underwriting Class of the Insured at the Date of Issue, the effective date of an
increase or date of rider, as applicable, the amount of premiums paid less any
debt and any partial withdrawals and withdrawal charges. For those Certificates
issued on a unisex basis, sex-distinct rates do not apply. The cost of insurance
rates are determined at the beginning of each Certificate year for the initial
Face Amount. The cost of insurance rates for an increase in the Face Amount or
rider are determined annually on the anniversary of the effective date of each
increase or rider. The cost of insurance rates generally increase as the
Insured's Age increases. The actual monthly cost of insurance rates will be
based on the Company's expectations as to future mortality experience. They will
not, however, be greater than the guaranteed cost of insurance rates set forth
in the Certificate. These guaranteed rates are based on the 1980 Commissioners
Standard Ordinary Mortality Tables (Mortality Table B, Smoker, Non-smoker or
Uni-smoker, for unisex Certificates) and the Insured's Age. The tables used for
this purpose may set forth different mortality estimates for smokers and
non-smokers. Any change in the cost of insurance rates will apply to all persons
of the same insuring Age and Underwriting Class whose Certificates have been in
force for the same length of time.
The Underwriting Class of an Insured will affect the cost of insurance rates.
The Company currently places Insureds into preferred Underwriting Classes,
standard Underwriting Classes and substandard Underwriting Classes. In an
otherwise identical Certificate, an Insured in the preferred Underwriting Class
will have a lower cost of insurance than an Insured in a standard Underwriting
Class who, in turn, will have a lower cost of insurance than an Insured in a
substandard Underwriting Class with a higher mortality risk. The Underwriting
Classes may be divided into two categories or aggregated: smokers and
non-smokers. Non-smoking Insureds will incur lower cost of insurance rates than
Insureds who are classified as smokers but who are otherwise in the same
Underwriting Class. Any Insured with an Age at issuance under 18 will be
classified initially as regular, unless substandard. The Insured then will be
classified as a smoker at Age 18 unless the Insured provides satisfactory
evidence that the Insured is a non-smoker. The Company will provide notice to
you of the opportunity for the Insured to be classified as a non-smoker when the
Insured reaches Age 18.
37
<PAGE>
The cost of insurance rate is determined separately for the initial Face Amount
and for the amount of any increase in the Face Amount. For each increase in the
Face Amount you request, at a time when the Insured is in a less favorable
Underwriting Class than previously, a correspondingly higher cost of insurance
rate will apply only to that portion of the Insurance Amount at Risk for the
increase. For the initial Face Amount and any prior increases, the Company will
use the Underwriting Class previously applicable. On the other hand, if the
Insured's Underwriting Class improves on an increase, the lower cost of
insurance rate generally will apply to the entire Insurance Amount at Risk.
MONTHLY CERTIFICATE ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGE
Prior to the Final Premium Payment Date, a monthly Certificate administrative
charge of up to $10 per month, depending on the group to which the Policy was
issued, will be deducted from the Certificate Value. This charge will be used to
compensate the Company for expenses incurred in the administration of the
Certificate, and will compensate the Company for first-year underwriting and
other start-up expenses incurred in connection with the Certificate. These
expenses include the cost of processing enrollment forms, conducting medical
examinations, determining insurability and the Insured's Underwriting Class, and
establishing Certificate records. The Company does not expect to derive a profit
from these charges.
MONTHLY SEPARATE ACCOUNT ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGE
The Company can make an administrative charge on an annual basis of up to 0.25%
of the Certificate Value in each Sub-Account. The duration of this charge can be
for up to 10 years. This charge is designed to reimburse the Company for the
costs of administering the Separate Account and Sub-Accounts. The charge is not
expected to be a source of profit. The administrative expenses assumed by the
Company in connection with the Separate Account and Sub-Accounts include, but
are not limited to, clerical, accounting, actuarial and legal services, rent,
postage, telephone, office equipment and supplies, expenses of preparing and
printing registration statements, expenses of preparing and typesetting
prospectuses and the cost of printing prospectuses not allocable to sales
expense, filing and other fees.
MONTHLY MORTALITY AND EXPENSE RISK CHARGE
The Company can make a mortality and expense risk charge on an annual basis of
up to 0.90% of the Certificate Value in each Sub-Account. This charge is for the
mortality risk and expense risk which the Company assumes in relation to the
variable portion of the Certificates. The total charges may be different between
groups and increased or decreased within a group, subject to compliance with
applicable state and federal requirements, but may not exceed 0.90% on an annual
basis.
The mortality risk assumed by the Company is that Insureds may live for a
shorter time than anticipated, and that the Company will, therefore, pay an
aggregate amount of Death Proceeds greater than anticipated. The expense risk
assumed is that the expenses incurred in issuing and administering the
Certificates will exceed the amounts realized from the administrative charges
provided in the Certificates. If the charge for mortality and expense risks is
not sufficient to cover actual mortality experience and expenses, the Company
will absorb the losses. If costs are less than the amounts provided, the
difference will be a profit to the Company. To the extent this charge results in
a current profit to the Company, such profit will be available for use by the
Company for, among other things, the payment of distribution, sales and other
expenses. Since mortality and expense risks involve future contingencies which
are not subject to precise determination in advance, it is not feasible to
identify specifically the portion of the charge which is applicable to each.
CHARGES REFLECTED IN THE ASSETS OF THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT
Because the Sub-Accounts purchase shares of the Underlying Investment Companies,
the value of the Units of the Sub-Accounts will reflect the investment advisory
fee and other expenses incurred by the Underlying Investment Companies. The
prospectuses and Statements of Additional Information of the Trust, MFVAT, DGPF
and T. Rowe Price contain additional information concerning such fees and
expenses.
38
<PAGE>
No charges are currently made against the Sub-Accounts for federal or state
income taxes. Should the Company determine that taxes will be imposed, the
Company may make deductions from the Sub-Account to pay such taxes. See FEDERAL
TAX CONSIDERATIONS. The imposition of such taxes would result in a reduction of
the Certificate Value in the Sub-Accounts.
SURRENDER CHARGE
The Certificate may provide for a contingent surrender charge. A separate
surrender charge, described in more detail below, may be calculated upon the
issuance of the Certificate and for each increase in the Face Amount. The
surrender charge is comprised of a contingent deferred administrative charge and
a contingent deferred sales charge. The contingent deferred administrative
charge compensates the Company for expenses incurred in administering the
Certificate. The contingent deferred sales charge compensates the Company for
expenses relating to the distribution of the Certificate, including agents'
commissions, advertising and the printing of the prospectus and sales
literature.
A surrender charge may be deducted if you request a full surrender of the
Certificate or a decrease in the Face Amount. The duration of the surrender
charge may be up to 15 years from the Date of Issue or from the effective date
of any increase in the Face Amount. The maximum surrender charge calculated upon
issuance of the Certificate is an amount up to the sum of (a) plus (b), where
(a) is a deferred administrative charge equal to $8.50 per thousand dollars of
the initial Face Amount, and (b) is a deferred sales charge of up to 50% (less
any premium expense charge not associated with state and local premium taxes) of
premiums received up to the Guideline Annual Premium. In accordance with
limitations under state insurance regulations, the amount of the maximum
surrender charge will not exceed a specified amount per thousand dollars of
initial Face Amount, as indicated in APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM
SURRENDER CHARGES. The maximum surrender charge remains level for up to 24
Certificate months, reduces uniformly each month for the balance of the
surrender charge period, and is zero thereafter. This reduction in the maximum
surrender charge will reduce the deferred sales charge and the deferred
administrative charge proportionately.
If you surrender the Certificate during the first two years following the Date
of Issue before making premium payments associated with the initial Face Amount
which are at least equal to one Guideline Annual Premium, the deferred
administrative charge will be $8.50 per thousand dollars of initial Face Amount,
as described above, but the deferred sales charge will not exceed 30% (less any
premium expense charge not associated with state and local premium taxes) of
premiums received, up to one Guideline Annual Premium, plus 9% of premiums
received in excess of one Guideline Annual Premium. See APPENDIX D --
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES.
A separate surrender charge may apply to and is calculated for each increase in
the Face Amount. The surrender charge for the increase is in addition to that
for the initial Face Amount. The maximum surrender charge for the increase is up
to the sum of (a) plus (b), where (a) is up to $8.50 per thousand dollars of
increase, and (b) is a deferred sales charge of up to 50% (less any premium
expense charge not associated with state and local premium taxes) of premiums
associated with the increase, up to the Guideline Annual Premium for the
increase. In accordance with limitations under state insurance regulations, the
amount of the surrender charge will not exceed a specified amount per thousand
dollars of increase, as indicated in APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM
SURRENDER CHARGES. As is true for the initial Face Amount, (a) is a deferred
administrative charge, and (b) is a deferred sales charge.
The maximum surrender charge for the increase remains level for up to 24
Certificate months, reduces uniformly each month for the balance of the
surrender charge period, and is zero thereafter. During the first two
Certificate years following an increase in the Face Amount before making premium
payments associated with the increase in the Face Amount which are at least
equal to one Guideline Annual Premium, the deferred administrative charge will
be $8.50 per thousand dollars of increase in the Face Amount, as described
above, but the deferred sales charge imposed will be less than the maximum
described above. Upon such a surrender, the deferred sales charge will not
exceed 30% (less any premium expense charge not associated with state and
39
<PAGE>
local premium taxes) of premiums associated with the increase, up to one
Guideline Annual Premium (for the increase), plus 9% of premiums associated with
the increase in excess of one Guideline Annual Premium. See APPENDIX D --
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES. The premiums associated with the
increase are determined as described below. Additional premium payments may not
be required to fund a requested increase in the Face Amount.
Therefore, a special rule, which is based on relative Guideline Annual Premium
payments, applies whereby the Certificate Value will be allocated between the
initial Face Amount and the increase. Subsequent premium payments are allocated
between the initial Certificate and the increase. For example, suppose the
Guideline Annual Premium is equal to $1,500 before an increase and is equal to
$2,000 as a result of the increase. The Certificate Value on the effective date
of the increase would be allocated 75% ($1,500/$2,000) to the initial Face
Amount and 25% to the increase. All future premiums would also be allocated 75%
to the initial Face Amount and 25% to the increase. Thus, existing Certificate
Value associated with the increase will equal the portion of Certificate Value
allocated to the increase on the effective date of the increase, before any
deductions are made. Premiums associated with the increase will equal the
portion of the premium payments actually made on or after the effective date of
the increase which are allocated to the increase. See APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION
OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES, for examples illustrating the calculation of the
maximum surrender charge for the initial Face Amount and for any increases, as
well as for the surrender charge based on actual premiums paid or associated
with any increases.
A surrender charge may be deducted on a decrease in the Face Amount. In the
event of a decrease, the surrender charge deducted is a fraction of the charge
that would apply to a full surrender of the Certificate. The fraction will be
determined by dividing the amount of the decrease by the current Face Amount and
multiplying the result by the surrender charge. If more than one surrender
charge is in effect (i.e., pursuant to one or more increases in the Face Amount
of a Certificate), the surrender charge will be applied in the following order:
(1) the most recent increase; (2) the next most recent increases successively;
and (3) the initial Face Amount. Where a decrease causes a partial reduction in
an increase or in the initial Face Amount, a proportionate share of the
surrender charge for that increase or for the initial Face Amount will be
deducted.
CHARGES ON PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL
After the first Certificate year, partial withdrawals of Surrender Value may be
made. The minimum withdrawal is $500. Under Option 1 or Option 3, the Face
Amount is reduced by the amount of the partial withdrawal, and a partial
withdrawal will not be allowed if it would reduce the Face Amount below $40,000.
A transaction charge which is the smaller of 2% of the amount withdrawn, or $25,
will be assessed on each partial withdrawal to reimburse the Company for the
cost of processing the withdrawal. The Company does not expect to make a profit
on this charge. The transaction fee applies to all partial withdrawals,
including a Withdrawal without a surrender charge.
A partial withdrawal charge may also be deducted from Certificate Value. For
each partial withdrawal you may withdraw an amount equal to 10% of the
Certificate Value on the date the written withdrawal request is received by the
Company less the total of any prior withdrawals in that Certificate year which
were not subject to the partial withdrawal charge, without incurring a partial
withdrawal charge. Any partial withdrawal in excess of this amount ("excess
withdrawal") will be subject to the partial withdrawal charge. The partial
withdrawal charge is equal to 5% of the excess withdrawal up to the amount of
the surrender charge(s) on the date of withdrawal. There will be no partial
withdrawal charge if there is no surrender charge on the date of withdrawal
(i.e., 15 years have passed from the Date of Issue and from the effective date
of any increase in the Face Amount).
This right is not cumulative from Certificate year to Certificate year. For
example, if only 8% of Certificate Value was withdrawn in Certificate year two,
the amount you could withdraw in subsequent Certificate years would not be
increased by the amount you did not withdraw in the second Certificate year.
40
<PAGE>
The Certificate's outstanding surrender charge will be reduced by the amount of
the partial withdrawal charge deducted, by proportionately reducing the deferred
sales charge component and the deferred administrative charge component. The
partial withdrawal charge deducted will decrease existing surrender charges in
the following order:
- first, the surrender charge for the most recent increase in the Face
Amount;
- second, the surrender charge for the next most recent increases
successively;
- last, the surrender charge for the initial Face Amount.
See APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES for an example
illustrating the calculation of the charges on partial withdrawal and their
impact on the surrender charges.
TRANSFER CHARGES
The first twelve transfers in a Certificate year will be free of charge.
Thereafter, a transfer charge of $10 will be imposed for each transfer request
to reimburse the Company for the administrative costs incurred in processing the
transfer request. The Company reserves the right to increase the charge, but it
will never exceed $25. The Company also reserves the right to change the number
of free transfers allowed in a Certificate year. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Transfer Privilege."
You may have automatic transfers of at least $100 made on a periodic basis,
every 1, 2 or 3 months (a) from the Sub-Account which invests in the Money
Market Fund of the Trust, respectively, to one or more of the other
Sub-Accounts, or (b) to reallocate Certificate Value among the Sub-Accounts. The
first automatic transfer counts as one transfer towards the twelve free
transfers allowed in each Certificate year. Each subsequent automatic transfer
is without charge and does not reduce the remaining number of transfers which
may be made without charge.
If you utilize the Conversion Privilege, Loan Privilege, or reallocate
Certificate Value within 20 days of the Date of Issue of the Certificate, any
resulting transfer of Certificate Value from the Sub-Accounts to the General
Account will be free of charge, and in addition to the twelve free transfers in
a Certificate year. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Conversion Privileges" and
CERTIFICATE LOANS.
CHARGE FOR CHANGE IN FACE AMOUNT
For each increase or decrease in the Face Amount you request, a transaction
charge of $2.50 per $1,000 of increase or decrease, to a maximum of $40, may be
deducted from the Certificate Value to reimburse the Company for administrative
costs associated with the change. This charge is guaranteed not to increase, and
the Company does not expect to make a profit on this charge.
OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGES
The Company reserves the right to impose a charge (not to exceed $25) for the
administrative costs incurred for changing the Net Premium allocation
instructions, for changing the allocation of any Monthly Deductions among the
various Sub-Accounts, or for a projection of values.
CERTIFICATE LOANS
Loans may be obtained by request to the Company on the sole security of the
Certificate. The total amount which may be borrowed is the Loan Value. In the
first Certificate year, the Loan Value is 75% of Certificate Value reduced by
applicable surrender charges, as well as Monthly Deductions and interest on the
loan to the end of the Certificate year. The Loan Value in the second
Certificate year and thereafter is 90% of an amount
41
<PAGE>
equal to Certificate Value reduced by applicable surrender charges. There is no
minimum limit on the amount of the loan. The loan amount will normally be paid
within seven days after the Company receives the loan request at its Principal
Office, but the Company may delay payments under certain circumstances. See
OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS -- "Postponement of Payments."
A Certificate loan may be allocated among the General Account and one or more
Sub-Accounts. If you do not make an allocation, the Company will make a Pro-Rata
Allocation based on the amounts in the Accounts on the date the Company receives
the loan request. Certificate Value in each Sub-Account equal to the Certificate
loan allocated to such Sub-Account will be transferred to the General Account,
and the number of Units equal to the Certificate Value so transferred will be
cancelled. This will reduce the Certificate Value in these Sub-Accounts. These
transactions are not treated as transfers for purposes of the transfer charge.
LOAN AMOUNT EARNS INTEREST IN THE GENERAL ACCOUNT
As long as the Certificate is in force, Certificate Value in the General Account
equal to the loan amount will be credited with interest at an effective annual
yield of at least 6.00% per year (7.5% for preferred loans). The current
credited rate is 7.1%; 8% for preferred loans. NO ADDITIONAL INTEREST WILL BE
CREDITED TO SUCH CERTIFICATE VALUE.
PREFERRED LOAN OPTION
A preferred loan option is available under the Certificate. The preferred loan
option will be available upon Written Request. It may be revoked by you at any
time. If this option has been selected, after the tenth Certificate anniversary,
Certificate Value in the General Account equal to the loan amount will be
credited with interest at an effective annual yield of at least 7.5%. The
Company's current practice is to credit a rate of interest equal to the rate
being charged for the preferred loan.
There is some uncertainty as to the tax treatment of preferred loans. Consult a
qualified tax adviser (and see FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS). THE PREFERRED LOAN
OPTION IS NOT AVAILABLE IN ALL STATES.
LOAN INTEREST CHARGED
Interest accrues daily, and is payable in arrears at the annual rate of 8%.
Interest is due and payable at the end of each Certificate year or on a pro-rata
basis for such shorter period as the loan may exist. Interest not paid when due
will be added to the loan amount and bear interest at the same rate. After the
due and unpaid interest is added to the loan amount, if the new loan amount
exceeds the Certificate Value in the General Account, the Company will transfer
Certificate Value equal to that excess loan amount from the Certificate Value in
each Sub-Account to the General Account as security for the excess loan amount.
The Company will allocate the amount transferred among the Sub-Accounts in the
same proportion that the Certificate Value in each Sub-Account bears to the
total Certificate Value in all Sub-Accounts.
REPAYMENT OF DEBT
Loans may be repaid at any time prior to the lapse of the Certificate. Upon
repayment of Debt, the portion of the Certificate Value that is in the General
Account securing the Debt repaid will be allocated to the various Accounts and
increase the Certificate Value in such Accounts in accordance with your
instructions. If you do not make a repayment allocation, the Company will
allocate Certificate Value in accordance with your most recent premium
allocation instructions; provided, however, that loan repayments allocated to
the Separate Account cannot exceed Certificate Value previously transferred from
the Separate Account to secure the Debt.
If Debt exceeds the Certificate Value less the surrender charge, the Certificate
will terminate. A notice of such pending termination will be mailed to the last
known address of you and any assignee. If you do not make sufficient payment
within 62 days after this notice is mailed, the Certificate will terminate with
no value. See CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT.
42
<PAGE>
EFFECT OF CERTIFICATE LOANS
Although Certificate loans may be repaid at any time prior to the lapse of the
Certificate, Certificate loans will permanently affect the Certificate Value and
Surrender Value, and may permanently affect the Death Proceeds. The effect could
be favorable or unfavorable, depending upon whether the investment performance
of the Sub-Accounts is less than or greater than the interest credited to the
Certificate Value in the General Account attributable to the loan.
Moreover, outstanding Certificate loans and the accrued interest will be
deducted from the proceeds payable upon surrender or the death of the Insured.
CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT
TERMINATION
The failure to make premium payments will not cause the Certificate to lapse
unless:
- the Surrender Value is insufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction
plus loan interest accrued; or
- if Debt exceeds the Certificate Value.
If one of these situations occurs, the Certificate will be in default. You will
then have a grace period of 62 days, measured from the date of default, to make
sufficient payments to prevent termination. On the date of default, the Company
will send a notice to you and to any assignee of record. The notice will state
the amount of premium due and the date on which it is due.
Failure to make a sufficient payment within the grace period will result in
termination of the Certificate. If the Insured dies during the grace period, the
Death Proceeds will still be payable, but any Monthly Deductions due and unpaid
through the Certificate month in which the Insured dies and any other overdue
charges will be deducted from the Death Proceeds.
PAYOR PROVISIONS
Subject to approval in the state in which the Certificate was issued, if you
name a "Payor" in your enrollment form supplement, the following "Payor
Provisions" will apply:
The Payor may designate what portion, if any, of each payment of a premium is
"excess premium." You may allocate the excess premium among the General Account
and Sub-Accounts. The remaining Payor's premium which is not excess premium
("Payor's premium") will automatically be allocated to the Monthly Deduction
Sub-Account, from which the Monthly Deduction charges will be made. Payor
premiums are initially held in the General Account, and will be transferred to
the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account not later than three days after underwriting
approval of the Certificate. No Certificate loans, partial withdrawals or
transfers may be made from the amount in the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account
attributable to Payor's premiums.
If the amount in the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account attributable to Payor's
premiums is insufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction, the Company will
send to the Payor a notice of the due date and amount of premium which is due.
The premium may be paid during a grace period of 62 days, beginning on the
premium due date. If the necessary premium is not received by the Company within
31 days of the end of the grace period, a second notice will be sent to the
Payor. A 31-day grace period notice at this time will also be sent to you if the
Certificate Value is insufficient to cover the Monthly Deductions then due.
If the amount in the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account attributable to Payor
premiums is insufficient to cover the Monthly Deductions due at the end of the
grace period, the balance of such Monthly Deductions will be withdrawn on a
Pro-Rata Allocation from the Certificate Value, if any, in the General Account
and the Sub-Accounts.
43
<PAGE>
A lapse occurs if the Certificate Value is insufficient, at the end of the grace
period, to pay the Monthly Deductions which are due. The Certificate terminates
on the date of lapse. Any Death Benefit payable during the grace period will be
reduced by any overdue charges. The above Payor Provisions, if applicable, are
in lieu of the grace-period notice and default provisions applicable when the
Surrender Value is insufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction plus loan
interest accrued. However, they do not apply if Debt exceeds the Certificate
Value. See the discussion under "Termination," above. You or the Payor may, upon
Written Request, discontinue the above Payor Provisions. If the Payor makes a
written request to discontinue the Payor Provisions, the Company will send you a
notice of the discontinuance to your last known address.
REINSTATEMENT
If the Certificate has not been surrendered and the Insured is alive, the
terminated Certificate may be reinstated anytime within three years after the
date of default and before the Final Premium Payment Date. The reinstatement
will be effective on the Monthly Processing Date following the date you submit
the following to the Company:
- a written enrollment form for reinstatement,
- Evidence of Insurability; and
- a premium that, after the deduction of the premium expense charge, is
large enough to cover the Monthly Deductions for the three-month period
beginning on the date of reinstatement.
SURRENDER CHARGE
The surrender charge on the date of reinstatement is the surrender charge which
should have been in effect had the Certificate remained in force from the Date
of Issue.
CERTIFICATE VALUE ON REINSTATEMENT
The Certificate Value on the date of reinstatement is:
- the Net Premium paid to reinstate the Certificate increased by interest
from the date the payment was received at the Principal Office; PLUS
- an amount equal to the Certificate Value less Debt on the date of default;
MINUS
- the Monthly Deduction due on the date of reinstatement. You may reinstate
any Debt outstanding on the date of default or foreclosure.
OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS
The following Certificate provisions may vary in certain states in order to
comply with requirements of the insurance laws, regulations, and insurance
regulatory agencies in those states.
CERTIFICATE OWNER
The Certificate Owner is the Insured unless another Certificate Owner has been
named in the enrollment form or the Certificate. The Certificate Owner is
generally entitled to exercise all rights under the Certificate while the
Insured is alive, subject to the consent of any irrevocable Beneficiary (the
consent of a revocable Beneficiary is not required). The consent of the Insured
is required whenever the Face Amount of insurance is increased.
BENEFICIARY
The Beneficiary is the person or persons to whom the insurance proceeds are
payable upon the Insured's death. Unless otherwise stated in the Certificate,
the Beneficiary has no rights in the Certificate before the death of the
Insured. While the Insured is alive, you may change any Beneficiary unless you
have declared a Beneficiary to be irrevocable. If no Beneficiary is alive when
the Insured dies, the Certificate Owner (or the
44
<PAGE>
Certificate Owner's estate) will be the Beneficiary. If more than one
Beneficiary is alive when the Insured dies, they will be paid in equal shares,
unless you have chosen otherwise. Where there is more than one Beneficiary, the
interest of a Beneficiary who dies before the Insured will pass to surviving
Beneficiaries proportionately.
ASSIGNMENT
The Certificate Owner may assign a Certificate as collateral or make an absolute
assignment of the Certificate. All rights under the Certificate will be
transferred to the extent of the assignee's interest. The Consent of the
assignee may be required in order to make changes in premium allocations, to
make transfers, or to exercise other rights under the Certificate. The Company
is not bound by an assignment or release thereof, unless it is in writing and is
recorded at the Principal Office. When recorded, the assignment will take effect
as of the date the Written Request was signed. Any rights created by the
assignment will be subject to any payments made or actions taken by the Company
before the assignment is recorded. The Company is not responsible for
determining the validity of any assignment or release.
INCONTESTABILITY
The Company will not contest the validity of a Certificate after it has been in
force during the Insured's lifetime for two years from the Date of Issue. The
Company will not contest the validity of any rider or any increase in the Face
Amount after such rider or increase has been in force during the Insured's
lifetime for two years from its effective date.
SUICIDE
The Death Proceeds will not be paid if the Insured commits suicide within two
years from the Date of Issue. Instead, the Company will pay the Beneficiary an
amount equal to all premiums paid for the Certificate, without interest, less
any outstanding Debt and less any partial withdrawals. If the Insured commits
suicide, within two years from the effective date of any increase in the Death
Benefit, the Company's liability with respect to such increase will be limited
to a refund of the cost thereof. The Beneficiary will receive the administrative
charges and insurance charges paid for such increase.
AGE
If the Insured's Age as stated in the enrollment form for the Certificate is not
correct, benefits under the Certificate will be adjusted to reflect the correct
Age, if death occurs prior to the Final Premium Payment Date. The adjusted
benefit will be that which the most recent cost of insurance charge would have
purchased for the correct Age. In no event will the Death Benefit be reduced to
less than the Minimum Death Benefit.
POSTPONEMENT OF PAYMENTS
Payments of any amount due from the Separate Account upon surrender, partial
withdrawals, or death of the Insured, as well as payments of a Certificate loan
and transfers may be postponed whenever: (1) the New York Stock Exchange is
closed other than customary weekend and holiday closings, or trading on the New
York Stock Exchange is restricted as determined by the SEC, or (2) an emergency
exists, as determined by the SEC, as a result of which disposal of securities is
not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable to determine the
value of the Separate Account's net assets. Payments under the Certificate of
any amounts derived from the premiums paid by check may be delayed until such
time as the check has cleared your bank.
The Company also reserves the right to defer payment of any amount due from the
General Account upon surrender, partial withdrawal, or death of the Insured, as
well as payments of Certificate loans and transfers from the General Account,
for a period not to exceed six months.
45
<PAGE>
DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AND POSITION
WITH COMPANY PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- ---------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Bruce C. Anderson Director (since 1996), Vice President (since 1984) and
Director, Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 1992) of First Allmerica
Assistant Secretary
Abigail M. Armstrong Secretary (since 1996) and Counsel (since 1991) of First
Secretary and Counsel Allmerica; Secretary (since 1988) and Counsel (since
1994) of Allmerica Investments, Inc.; and Secretary
(since 1990) of Allmerica Financial Investment
Management Services, Inc.
Warren E. Barnes Vice President (since 1996) and Corporate Controller
Vice President and (since 1998) of First Allmerica
Corporate Controller
Robert E. Bruce Director and Chief Information Officer (since 1997) and
Director, Vice President and Vice President (since 1995) of First Allmerica; and
Chief Information Officer Corporate Manager (1979 to 1995) of Digital Equipment
Corporation
John P. Kavanaugh Director and Chief Investment Officer (since 1996) and
Director, Vice President and Vice President (since 1991) of First Allmerica; and Vice
Chief Investment Officer President (since 1998) of Allmerica Financial Investment
Management Services, Inc.
John F. Kelly Director (since 1996), Senior Vice President (since
Director, Senior Vice President, 1986), General Counsel (since 1981) and Assistant
General Counsel and Assistant Secretary (since 1991) of First Allmerica; Director
Secretary (since 1985) of Allmerica Investments, Inc.; and
Director (since 1990) of Allmerica Financial Investment
Management Services, Inc.
J. Barry May Director (since 1996) of First Allmerica; Director and
Director President (since 1996) of The Hanover Insurance Company;
and Vice President (1993 to 1996) of The Hanover
Insurance Company
James R. McAuliffe Director (since 1996) of First Allmerica; Director
Director (since 1992), President (since 1994) and Chief Executive
Officer (since 1996) of Citizens Insurance Company of
America
John F. O'Brien Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since
Director, President and 1989) of First Allmerica; Director (since 1989) of
Chief Executive Officer Allmerica Investments, Inc.; and Director and Chairman
of the Board (since 1990) of Allmerica Financial
Investment Management Services, Inc.
Edward J. Parry, III Director and Chief Financial Officer (since 1996) and
Director, Vice President, Vice President and Treasurer (since 1993) of First
Chief Financial Officer and Allmerica; Treasurer (since 1993) of Allmerica
Treasurer Investments, Inc.; and Treasurer (since 1993) of
Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services, Inc.
Richard M. Reilly Director (since 1996) and Vice President (since 1990) of
Director and Vice President First Allmerica; Director (since 1990) of Allmerica
Investments, Inc.; and Director and President (since
1998) of Allmerica Financial Investment Management
Services, Inc.
</TABLE>
46
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AND POSITION
WITH COMPANY PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- ---------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Robert P. Restrepo, Jr. Director and Vice President (since 1998) of First
Director and Vice President Allmerica; Chief Executive Officer (1996 to 1998) of
Travelers Property & Casualty; Senior Vice President
(1993 to 1996) of Aetna Life & Casualty Company
Eric A. Simonsen Director (since 1996) and Vice President (since 1990) of
Director and Vice President First Allmerica; Director (since 1991) of Allmerica
Investments, Inc.; and Director (since 1991) of
Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services, Inc.
Phillip E. Soule Director (since 1996) and Vice President (since 1987) of
Director and Vice President First Allmerica
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION
Allmerica Investments, Inc., an indirect subsidiary of the Company, acts as the
principal underwriter of the Certificates pursuant to a Sales and Administrative
Services Agreement with the Company and the Separate Account. Allmerica
Investments, Inc. is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer and is a member
of the National Association of Securities Dealers ("NASD"). The Certificates are
sold by agents of the Company who are registered representatives of Allmerica
Investments, Inc., or of independent broker-dealers.
The Company pays commissions to broker-dealers and registered representatives
which sell the Certificates based on a commission schedule. After issue of a
Certificate or an increase in the Face Amount, commissions may be up to 25% of
the first-year premiums up to a basic premium amount established by the Company.
Thereafter, commissions may be up to 10% of any additional premiums. Alternative
compensation schedules, which may include ongoing annual compensation of up to
0.50% of Certificate Value, are available based on premium payments and the
level of enrollment and ongoing administrative services provided to participants
and benefit plans by the broker-dealer or registered representative. Certain
registered representatives, including registered representatives enrolled in the
Company's training program for new agents, may receive additional first-year and
renewal commissions and training reimbursements. General Agents of the Company
and certain registered representatives may also be eligible to receive expense
reimbursements based on the amount of earned commissions. General Agents may
also receive overriding commissions, which will not exceed 2.5% of first-year,
or 4% of renewal premiums. To the extent permitted by NASD rules, promotional
incentives or payments may also be provided to broker-dealers based on sales
volumes, the assumption of wholesaling functions or other sales related
criteria. Other payments may be made for other services that do not directly
involve the sales of the Certificates. These services may include the
recruitment and training of personnel, production of promotional literature, and
similar services.
The Company intends to recoup the commission and other sales expenses through a
combination of the deferred sales charge component of the anticipated surrender
and partial withdrawal charges, through a portion of the premium expense charge,
and the investment earnings on amounts allocated to accumulate on a fixed basis
in excess of the interest credited on fixed accumulations by the Company. There
is no additional charge to the Certificate Owners or to the Separate Account.
Any surrender charge assessed on a Certificate will be retained by the Company
except for amounts it may pay to Allmerica Investments, Inc. for services it
performs and expenses it may incur as principal underwriter and general
distributor.
SERVICES
The Company receives fees from the investment advisers or other service
providers of certain Funds in return for providing certain services to
Policyowners. Currently, the Company receives service fees with respect to the
T. Rowe Price International Stock Portfolio, at an annual rate of 0.15% per
annum of the aggregate net
47
<PAGE>
asset value, of shares held by the Separate Account. The Company may in the
future render services for which it will receive compensation from the
investment advisers or other service providers of other Funds.
REPORTS
The Company will maintain the records relating to the Separate Account. You will
be promptly sent statements of significant transactions such as premium payments
(other than payments made pursuant to the MAP procedure), changes in the
specified Face Amount, changes in the Death Benefit Option, transfers among
Sub-Accounts and the General Account, partial withdrawals, increases in loan
amount by you, loan repayments, lapse, termination for any reason, and
reinstatement. An annual statement will also be sent to you. The annual
statement will summarize all of the above transactions and deductions of charges
during the Certificate year. It will also set forth the status of the Death
Proceeds, Certificate Value, Surrender Value, amounts in the Sub-Accounts and
General Account, and any Certificate loan(s).
In addition, you will be sent periodic reports containing financial statements
and other information for the Separate Account and the Underlying Investment
Companies as required by the 1940 Act.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are no legal proceedings pending to which the Separate Account is a party,
or to which the assets of the Separate Account are subject. The Company and
Allmerica Investments, Inc. are not involved in any litigation that is of
material importance in relation to their total assets or that relates to the
Separate Account.
FURTHER INFORMATION
A Registration Statement under the 1933 Act relating to this offering has been
filed with the SEC. Certain portions of the Registration Statement and
amendments have been omitted from this Prospectus pursuant to the rules and
regulations of the SEC. Statements contained in this Prospectus concerning the
Certificate and other legal documents are summaries. The complete documents and
omitted information may be obtained from the SEC's principal office in
Washington, DC, upon payment of the SEC's prescribed fees.
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
The financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 and for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998, and the financial
statements of Group VEL Account of the Company as of December 31, 1998 and for
the periods indicated, included in this Prospectus constituting part of this
Registration Statement, have been so included in reliance on the reports of
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of
said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The financial statements of the Company included herein should be considered
only as bearing on the ability of the Company to meet its obligations under the
Certificate.
FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The effect of federal income taxes on the value of a Certificate, on loans,
withdrawals, or surrenders, on Death Benefit payments, and on the economic
benefit to you or the Beneficiary depends upon a variety of factors. The
following discussion is based upon the Company's understanding of the present
federal income tax laws as they are currently interpreted. From time to time
legislation is proposed which, if passed, could significantly, adversely, and
possibly retroactively, affect the taxation of the Certificates. No
representation is made regarding the likelihood of continuation of current
federal income tax laws or of current interpretations by the IRS. Moreover, no
attempt has been made to consider any applicable state or other tax laws.
48
<PAGE>
It should be recognized that the following summary of federal income tax aspects
of amounts received under the Certificates is not exhaustive, does not purport
to cover all situations, and is not intended as tax advice. Specifically, the
discussion below does not address certain tax provisions that may be applicable
if the Certificate Owner is a corporation or the trustee of an employee benefit
plan. A qualified tax adviser should always be consulted with regard to the
enrollment form of law to individual circumstances.
THE COMPANY AND THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT
The Company is taxed as a life insurance company under Subchapter L of the Code
of 1986, and files a consolidated tax return with its parent and affiliates. The
Company does not expect to incur any income tax upon the earnings or realized
capital gains attributable to the Separate Account. Based on these expectations,
no charge is made for federal income taxes which may be attributable to the
Separate Account.
The Company will review periodically the question of a charge to the Separate
Account for federal income taxes. Such a charge may be made in future years for
any federal income taxes incurred by the Company. This might become necessary if
the tax treatment of the Company is ultimately determined to be other than what
the Company believes it to be, if there are changes made in the federal income
tax treatment of variable life insurance at the Company level, or if there is a
change in the Company's tax status. Any such charge would be designed to cover
the federal income taxes attributable to the investment results of the Separate
Account.
Under current laws the Company may also incur state and local taxes (in addition
to premium taxes) in several states. At present these taxes are not significant.
If there is a material change in applicable state or local tax laws, charges may
be made for such taxes paid, or reserves for such taxes, attributable to the
Separate Account.
TAXATION OF THE CERTIFICATES
The Company believes that the Certificates described in this Prospectus will be
considered life insurance contracts under Section 7702 of the Code, which
generally provides for the taxation of life insurance policies and places
limitations on the relationship of the Certificate Value to the Insurance Amount
at Risk. As a result, the Death Proceeds payable are excludable from the gross
income of the Beneficiary. Moreover, any increase in Certificate Value is not
taxable until received by the Certificate Owner or the Certificate Owner's
designee. See "Modified Endowment Contracts."
The Code also requires that the investment of each Sub-Account be adequately
diversified in accordance with Treasury regulations in order to be treated as a
life insurance Certificate for tax purposes. Although the Company does not have
control over the investments of the Underlying Funds, the Company believes that
the Underlying Funds currently meet the Treasury's diversification requirements,
and the Company will monitor continued compliance with these requirements. In
connection with the issuance of previous regulations relating to diversification
requirements, the Treasury Department announced that such regulations do not
provide guidance concerning the extent to which Certificate Owners may direct
their investments to particular divisions of a separate account. Regulations in
this regard may be issued in the future. It is possible that if and when
regulations are issued, the Certificates may need to be modified to comply with
such regulations. For these reasons, the Certificates or the Company's
administrative rules may be modified as necessary to prevent a Certificate Owner
from being considered the owner of the assets of the Separate Account.
Depending upon the circumstances, a surrender, partial withdrawal, change in the
Death Benefit Option, change in the Face Amount, lapse with Certificate loan
outstanding, or assignment of the Certificate may have tax consequences. In
particular, under specified conditions, a distribution under the Certificate
during the first 15 years from Date of Issue that reduces future benefits under
the Certificate will be taxed to the Certificate Owner as ordinary income to the
extent of any investment earnings in the Certificate. Federal, state and local
income, estate, inheritance, and other tax consequences of ownership or receipt
of Certificate proceeds depend on the circumstances of each Insured, Certificate
Owner, or Beneficiary.
49
<PAGE>
CERTIFICATE LOANS
The Company believes that non-preferred loans received under a Certificate will
be treated as indebtedness of the Certificate Owner for federal income tax
purposes. Under current law, these loans will not constitute income for the
Certificate Owner while the Certificate is in force. See "Modified Endowment
Contracts." However, there is a risk that a preferred loan may be characterized
by the IRS as a withdrawal and taxed accordingly. At the present time, the IRS
has not issued any guidance on whether a loan with the attributes of a preferred
loan should be treated differently than a non-preferred loan. This lack of
specific guidance makes the tax treatment of preferred loans uncertain. In the
event pertinent IRS guidelines are issued in the future, you may revoke your
request for a preferred loan.
Section 264 of the Code restricts the deduction of interest on policy or
certificate loans. Consumer interest paid on policy or certificate loans under
an individually owned policy or certificate is not tax deductible. Generally, no
tax deduction for interest is allowed on policy or certificate loans, if the
insured is an officer or employee of, or is financially interested in, any
business carried on by the taxpayer. There is an exception to this rule which
permits a deduction for interest on loans up to $50,000 related to any policies
or certificates covering the greater of (1) five individuals, or (2) the lesser
of (a) 5% of the total number of officers and employees of the corporation, or
(b) 20 individuals.
MODIFIED ENDOWMENT CONTRACTS
The Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988 ("1988 Act") adversely
affects the tax treatment of distributions under so-called "modified endowment
contracts." Under the 1988 Act, any life insurance certificate, including a
Certificate offered by this Prospectus, that fails to satisfy a "seven-pay" test
is considered a modified endowment contract. A certificate fails to satisfy the
seven-pay test if the cumulative premiums paid under the certificate at any time
during the first seven certificate years, or within seven years of a material
change in the certificate, exceed the sum of the net level premiums that would
have been paid, had the certificate provided for paid-up future benefits after
the payment of seven level premiums.
If the Certificate is considered a modified endowment contract, all
distributions under the Certificate will be taxed on an "income-first" basis.
Most distributions received by a Certificate Owner directly or indirectly
(including loans, withdrawals, partial surrenders, or the assignment or pledge
of any portion of the value of the Certificate) will be includible in gross
income to the extent that the cash Surrender Value of the Certificate exceeds
the Certificate Owner's investment in the contract. Any additional amounts will
be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the Certificate Owner's basis
in the Certificate. With certain exceptions, an additional 10% tax will be
imposed on the portion of any distribution that is includible in income. All
modified endowment contracts issued by the same insurance company to the same
Certificate Owner during any 12-month period will be treated as a single
modified endowment contract in determining taxable distributions.
Currently, each Certificate is reviewed when premiums are received to determine
if it satisfies the seven-pay test. If the Certificate does not satisfy the
seven-pay test, the Company will notify the Certificate Owner of the option of
requesting a refund of the excess premium. The refund process must be completed
within 60 days after the Certificate anniversary, or the Certificate will be
permanently classified as a modified endowment contract.
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE GENERAL ACCOUNT
As discussed earlier, you may allocate Net Premiums and transfer Certificate
Value to the General Account. Because of exemption and exclusionary provisions
in the securities law, any amount in the General Account is not generally
subject to regulation under the provisions of the 1933 Act or the 1940 Act.
Accordingly, the disclosures in this Section have not been reviewed by the SEC.
Disclosures regarding the fixed portion of the
50
<PAGE>
Certificate and the General Account may, however, be subject to certain
generally applicable provisions of the Federal Securities Laws concerning the
accuracy and completeness of statements made in prospectuses.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The General Account of the Company is made up of all of the general assets of
the Company other than those allocated to any separate account. Allocations to
the General Account become part of the assets of the Company and are used to
support insurance and annuity obligations. Subject to applicable law, the
Company has sole discretion over the investment of assets of the General
Account.
A portion or all of Net Premiums may be allocated or transferred to accumulate
at a fixed rate of interest in the General Account. Such net amounts are
guaranteed by the Company as to principal and a minimum rate of interest. The
allocation or transfer of funds to the General Account does not entitle you to
share in the investment experience of the General Account.
GENERAL ACCOUNT VALUE
The Company bears the full investment risk for amounts allocated to the General
Account and guarantees that interest credited to each Certificate Owner's
Certificate Value in the General Account will not be less than an annual rate of
4% ("Guaranteed Minimum Rate"). (Under the Certificate, the Guaranteed Minimum
Rate may be higher than 4%.)
The Company may, AT ITS SOLE DISCRETION, credit a higher rate of interest
("excess interest"), although it is not obligated to credit interest in excess
of the Guaranteed Minimum Rate, and might not do so. However, the excess
interest rate, if any, in effect on the date a premium is received at the
Principal Office is guaranteed on that premium for one year, unless the
Certificate Value associated with the premium becomes security for a Certificate
loan. AFTER SUCH INITIAL ONE-YEAR GUARANTEE OF INTEREST ON NET PREMIUM, ANY
INTEREST CREDITED ON THE CERTIFICATE VALUE IN THE GENERAL ACCOUNT IN EXCESS OF
THE GUARANTEED MINIMUM RATE PER YEAR WILL BE DETERMINED IN THE SOLE DISCRETION
OF THE COMPANY. THE CERTIFICATE OWNER ASSUMES THE RISK THAT INTEREST CREDITED
MAY NOT EXCEED THE GUARANTEED MINIMUM RATE.
Even if excess interest is credited to accumulated value in the General Account,
no excess interest will be credited to that portion of the Certificate Value
which is equal to Debt. However, such Certificate Value will be credited
interest at an effective annual yield of at least 6%.
The Company guarantees that, on each Monthly Processing Date, the Certificate
Value in the General Account will be the amount of the Net Premiums allocated or
Certificate Value transferred to the General Account, plus interest at the
Guaranteed Minimum Rate, plus any excess interest which the Company credits,
less the sum of all Certificate charges allocable to the General Account and any
amounts deducted from the General Account in connection with loans, partial
withdrawals, surrenders or transfers.
THE CERTIFICATE
This Prospectus describes certificates issued under a flexible premium variable
life insurance Certificate, and is generally intended to serve as a disclosure
document only for the aspects of the Certificate relating to the Separate
Account. For complete details regarding the General Account, see the Certificate
itself.
TRANSFERS, SURRENDERS, PARTIAL WITHDRAWALS AND CERTIFICATE LOANS
If a Certificate is surrendered or if a partial withdrawal is made, a surrender
charge or partial withdrawal charge, as applicable, may be imposed if such event
occurs before the Certificate, or an increase in the Face Amount, has been in
force for 15 Certificate years. In the event of a decrease in the Face Amount,
the surrender charge deducted is a fraction of the charge that would apply to a
full surrender of the Certificate.
51
<PAGE>
Partial withdrawals are made on a last-in/first-out basis from Certificate Value
allocated to the General Account.
The first twelve transfers in a Certificate year are free of charge. Thereafter,
a $10 transfer charge will be deducted for each transfer in that Certificate
year. The transfer privilege is subject to the consent of the Company and to the
Company's then current rules.
Certificate loans may also be made from the Certificate Value in the General
Account.
Transfers, surrenders, partial withdrawals, Death Proceeds and Certificate loans
payable from the General Account may be delayed up to six months. However, if
payment is delayed for 30 days or more, the Company will pay interest at least
equal to an effective annual yield of 3% for the period of deferment. Amounts
from the General Account used to pay premiums on policies with the Company will
not be delayed.
YEAR 2000 DISCLOSURE
The Year 2000 issue is the result of computer programs being written using two
digits rather than four to define the applicable year. Any of the Company's
computer programs that have date-sensitive software may recognize a date using
"00" as the year 1900 rather than the year 2000. This could result in a system
failure or miscalculations causing disruptions of operations, including, among
other things, a temporary inability to process transactions, send invoices or
engage in similar normal business activities.
Based on a third party assessment, the Company determined that significant
portions of its software required modification or replacement to enable its
computer systems to properly process dates beyond December 31, 1999. The Company
is presently completing the process of modifying or replacing existing software
and believes that this action will resolve the Year 2000 issue. However, if such
modifications and conversions are not made, or are not completed timely, or
should there be serious unanticipated interruptions from unknown sources, the
Year 2000 issue could have a material adverse impact on the operations of the
Company. Specifically, the Company could experience, among other things, an
interruption in its ability to collect and process premiums, process claim
payments, safeguard and manage its invested assets, accurately maintain
policyholder information, accurately maintain accounting records, and perform
customer service. Any of these specific events, depending on duration, could
have a material adverse impact on the results of operations and the financial
position of the Company.
The Company has initiated formal communications with all of its suppliers to
determine the extent to which the Company is vulnerable to those third parties'
failure to remediate their own Year 2000 issue. The Company's total Year 2000
project cost and estimates to complete the project include the estimated costs
and time associated with the Company's involvement on a third party's Year 2000
issue, and are based on presently available information. However, there can be
no guarantee that the systems of other companies on which the Company's systems
rely will be timely converted, or that a failure to convert by another company,
or a conversion that is incompatible with the Company's systems, would not have
material adverse effect on the Company. The Company does not believe that it has
material exposure to contingencies related to the Year 2000 issue for the
products it has sold. Although the Company does not believe that there is a
material contingency associated with the Year 2000 project, there can be no
assurance that exposure for material contingencies will not arise.
The cost of the Year 2000 project will be expensed as incurred and is being
funded primarily through a reallocation of resources from discretionary projects
and a reduction in systems maintenance and support costs. Therefore, the Year
2000 project is not expected to result in any significant incremental technology
cost and is not expected to have a material effect on the results of operations.
The Company and its affiliates have incurred and expensed approximately $54
million related to the assessment, plan development and substantial completion
of the Year 2000 project, through December 31, 1998. The total remaining cost of
the project is estimated between $20-30 million.
52
<PAGE>
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Financial Statements for the Company and for the Separate Account are included
in this Prospectus, beginning immediately after the Appendices. The financial
statements of the Company and for the Separate Account should be considered only
as bearing on the ability of the Company to meet its obligations under the
Certificate. They should not be considered as bearing on the investment
performance of the assets held in the Separate Account.
53
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A
OPTIONAL BENEFITS
This Appendix is intended to provide only a very brief overview of additional
insurance benefits available by rider. The following supplemental benefits are
available for issue under the Certificate for an additional charge.
WAIVER OF PREMIUM RIDER
This Rider provides that, during periods of total disability continuing for
more than the period of time specified in the Rider, the Company will add to
the Certificate Value each month an amount selected by you or the amount
necessary to maintain the Certificate in force, whichever is greater. This
benefit is subject to the Company's maximum issue benefits. Its cost may
change yearly.
OTHER INSURED RIDER
This Rider provides a term insurance benefit for up to five Insureds. At
present, this benefit is only available for the spouse and children of the
primary Insured. The Rider includes a feature that allows the "Other
Insured" to convert the coverage to a flexible premium adjustable life
insurance Certificate.
CHILDREN'S INSURANCE RIDER
This Rider provides coverage for eligible minor children. It also covers
future children, including adopted children and stepchildren.
ACCIDENTAL DEATH BENEFIT RIDER
This Rider pays an additional benefit for death resulting from a covered
accident prior to the Certificate anniversary nearest the Insured's Age 70.
OPTION TO ACCELERATE BENEFITS RIDER
This Rider permits part of the proceeds of the Certificate to be available
before death if the Insured becomes terminally ill and, depending on the
group to which the Policy is issued, may also pay part of the proceeds if
the Insured is permanently confined to a nursing home.
EXCHANGE OPTION RIDER
This Rider allows you to use the Certificate to insure a different person,
subject to Company guidelines.
EXCHANGE TO TERM INSURANCE RIDER
This Rider allows a Certificate Owner which is a corporation, a corporate
grantor trust, or a corporate assignee in the case of a split dollar
arrangement, to exchange the Certificate prior to the third Certificate
anniversary for a five-year non-convertible term insurance policy. An
exchange credit will be paid to the Certificate Owner or the corporate
assignee in the case of a corporate-sponsored collateral assignment split
dollar arrangement.
CERTAIN OF THESE RIDERS MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN ALL STATES.
A-1
<PAGE>
APPENDIX B
PAYMENT OPTIONS
PAYMENT OPTIONS
Upon Written Request, the Surrender Value or all or part of the Death Proceeds
may be placed under one or more of the payment options then offered by the
Company. If you do not make an election, the Company will pay the benefits in a
single sum. A certificate will be provided to the payee describing the payment
option selected.
If a payment option is selected, the Beneficiary may pay to the Company any
amount that would otherwise be deducted from the Death Benefit.
The amounts payable under a payment option are paid from the General Account.
These amounts are not based on the investment experience of the Separate
Account.
SELECTION OF PAYMENT OPTIONS
The amount applied under any one option for any one payee must be at least
$5,000. The periodic payment for any one payee must be at least $50. Subject to
your and/or the Beneficiary's provision, any option selection may be changed
before the Death Proceeds become payable. If you make no selection, the
Beneficiary may select an option when the Death Proceeds becomes payable.
B-1
<PAGE>
APPENDIX C
ILLUSTRATIONS OF SUM INSURED, CERTIFICATE VALUES
AND ACCUMULATED PREMIUMS
The following tables illustrate the way in which the Certificate's Sum Insured
and Certificate Value could vary over an extended period of time.
ASSUMPTIONS
The tables illustrate a Certificate issued to a person, Age 30, under a standard
Premium Class and qualifying for the non-smoker discount, and a Certificate
issued to a person, Age 45, under a standard Premium Class and qualifying for
the non-smoker discount. The tables illustrate the guaranteed cost of insurance
rates and the current cost of insurance rates as presently in effect.
The tables illustrate the Certificate Values that would result based upon the
assumptions that no Certificate loans have been made, that you have not
requested an increase or decrease in the initial Face Amount, that no partial
withdrawals have been made, and that no transfers above 12 have been made in any
Certificate year (so that no transaction or transfer charges have been
incurred).
The tables assume that all premiums are allocated to and remain in the Separate
Account for the entire period shown and are based on hypothetical gross
investment rates of return for the Underlying Fund (i.e., investment income and
capital gains and losses, realized or unrealized) equivalent to constant gross
(after tax) annual rates of 0%, 6%, and 12%. The second column of the tables
shows the amount which would accumulate if an amount equal to the Guideline
Annual Premium were invested each year to earn interest (after taxes) at 5%
compounded annually.
The Certificate Values and Death Proceeds would be different from those shown if
the gross annual investment rates of return averaged 0%, 6%, and 12% over a
period of years, but fluctuated above or below such averages for individual
Certificate years. The values would also be different depending on the
allocation of the Certificate's total Certificate Value among the Sub-Accounts
of the Separate Account, if the actual rates of return averaged 0%, 6% or 12%,
but the rates of each Underlying Fund varied above and below such averages.
DEDUCTIONS FOR CHARGES
The amounts shown for the Death Proceeds and the Certificate Values take into
account the deduction from premium for the premium expense charge, the Monthly
Deduction from Certificate Value, and the monthly charge against the Separate
Account for mortality and expense risks. In both the Current Cost of Insurance
Charges tables and the Guaranteed Cost of Insurance Charges tables, the Separate
Account charge for mortality and expense risks is equivalent to an effective
annual rate of 0.90% of the average monthly value of the assets in the Separate
Account attributable to the Certificates.
EXPENSES OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
The amounts shown in the tables also take into account the Underlying Fund
advisory fees and operating expenses, which are assumed to be at an annual rate
of 0.85% of the average daily net assets of the Underlying Fund. The actual fees
and expenses of each Underlying Fund vary and in 1998, ranged from an annual
rate of 0.32% to an annual rate of 1.10% of average daily net assets. The fees
and expenses associated with the Certificate may be more or less than 0.85% in
the aggregate, depending upon how you make allocations of the Certificate Value
among the Sub-Accounts.
Current waiver arrangements are reflected as of fiscal year ended August 31,
1998 to maintain Total Fund Expenses at the levels indicated. Absent such
waivers, the Advisory Fees for the MFVAT International Equity, MFVAT Capital
Growth, MFVAT Growth and Income, MFVAT Asset Allocation and MFVAT U.S.
Government Income Portfolios would be 0.80%, 0.60%, 0.60%, 0.55% and 0.50%,
respectively, and Total Fund
C-1
<PAGE>
Expenses for the MFVAT International Equity, MFVAT Capital Growth, MFVAT Growth
and Income, MFVAT Asset Allocation and MFVAT U.S. Government Income Portfolios
would be 3.05%, 1.70%, 1.70%, 1.91% and 1.99%.
Effective May 1, 1999, Delaware International Advisers Ltd., the investment
adviser for the International Equity Series, has agreed to limit total annual
expenses of the fund to 0.95%. This limitation replaces a prior limitation of
0.95% that expired on April 30, 1999. The new limitation will be in effect
through October 31, 1999. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998, the
actual ratio of total annual expenses was 0.98%.
AFIMS has declared a voluntary expense limitation of 1.35% of average net assets
for the Select Aggressive Growth Fund and Select Capital Appreciation Fund,
1.25% for the Select Value Opportunity Fund, 1.20% for the Select Growth Fund,
1.00% for the Investment Grade Income Fund and 0.60% for the Money Market Fund
and Equity Index Fund. The total operating expenses of these Funds of the Trust
were less than their respective expense limitations throughout 1998. These
limitations may be terminated at any time.
The declaration of voluntary management fee or expense limitation in any year
does not bind the Manager to declare future expense limitations with respect to
these Funds. These limitations may be terminated at any time.
The Underlying Fund information above was provided by the Underlying Funds and
was not independently verified by the Company.
AFIMS has declared a voluntary expense limitation of 1.35% of average net assets
for the Select Aggressive Growth Fund and Select Capital Appreciation Fund,
1.25% for the Select Value Opportunity Fund, 1.20% for the Select Growth Fund,
1.00% for the Investment Grade Income Fund and 0.60% for the Money Market Fund
and Equity Index Fund. The total operating expenses of these Funds of the Trust
were less than their respective expense limitations throughout 1998. These
limitations may be terminated at any time
NET ANNUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT
Taking into account the 0.90% charge to the Separate Account and the assumed
0.85% charge for the Underlying Investment Company advisory fees and operating
expenses, the gross annual rates of investment return of 0%, 6% and 12%
correspond to net annual rates of - 1.75%, 4.25%, 10.25%, respectively.
The hypothetical returns shown in the table do not reflect any charges for
income taxes against the Separate Account since no charges are currently made.
However, if in the future such charges are made, in order to produce illustrated
death benefits and cash values, the gross annual investment rate of return would
have to exceed 0%, 6% or 12% by a sufficient amount to cover the tax charges.
UPON REQUEST, THE COMPANY WILL PROVIDE A COMPARABLE ILLUSTRATION BASED UPON THE
PROPOSED INSURED'S AGE, SEX, AND UNDERWRITING CLASSIFICATION, AND THE REQUESTED
FACE AMOUNT, SUM INSURED OPTION, AND RIDERS.
C-2
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 45
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $250,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 1
CURRENT COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREMIUMS HYPOTHETICAL 0% HYPOTHETICAL 6%
PAID PLUS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 12%
INTEREST ------------------------------ ---------------------------- GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
AT 5% CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE -------------------------------
CERTIFICATE PER YEAR SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT
------ --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 4,410 65 3,450 250,000 291 3,676 250,000 518 3,903 250,000
2 9,041 2,951 6,805 250,000 3,620 7,473 250,000 4,316 8,169 250,000
3 13,903 7,934 10,065 250,000 9,263 11,395 250,000 10,704 12,836 250,000
4 19,008 12,163 13,228 250,000 14,377 15,442 250,000 16,873 17,939 250,000
5 24,368 16,296 16,296 250,000 19,621 19,621 250,000 23,525 23,525 250,000
6 29,996 19,268 19,268 250,000 23,935 23,935 250,000 29,640 29,640 250,000
7 35,906 22,138 22,138 250,000 28,382 28,382 250,000 36,334 36,334 250,000
8 42,112 24,908 24,908 250,000 32,969 32,969 250,000 43,667 43,667 250,000
9 48,627 27,576 27,576 250,000 37,701 37,701 250,000 51,705 51,705 250,000
10 55,469 30,140 30,140 250,000 42,579 42,579 250,000 60,520 60,520 250,000
11 62,652 32,682 32,682 250,000 47,723 47,723 250,000 70,353 70,353 250,000
12 70,195 35,090 35,090 250,000 53,013 53,013 250,000 81,150 81,150 250,000
13 78,114 37,361 37,361 250,000 58,452 58,452 250,000 93,019 93,019 250,000
14 86,430 39,499 39,499 250,000 64,054 64,054 250,000 106,088 106,088 250,000
15 95,161 41,496 41,496 250,000 69,820 69,820 250,000 120,492 120,492 250,000
16 104,330 43,340 43,340 250,000 75,753 75,753 250,000 136,384 136,384 250,000
17 113,956 45,054 45,054 250,000 81,883 81,883 250,000 153,957 153,957 250,000
18 124,064 46,624 46,624 250,000 88,214 88,214 250,000 173,412 173,412 250,000
19 134,677 48,039 48,039 250,000 94,752 94,752 250,000 194,975 194,975 250,000
20 145,821 49,286 49,286 250,000 101,503 101,503 250,000 218,864 218,864 267,014
Age 60 95,161 41,496 41,496 250,000 69,820 69,820 250,000 120,492 120,492 250,000
Age 65 145,821 49,286 49,286 250,000 101,503 101,503 250,000 218,864 218,864 267,014
Age 70 210,477 52,152 52,152 250,000 138,660 138,660 250,000 379,123 379,123 439,783
Age 75 292,995 47,495 47,495 250,000 183,503 183,503 250,000 637,554 637,554 682,183
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $4,200 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-3
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 45
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $250,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 1
GUARANTEED COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREMIUMS HYPOTHETICAL 0% HYPOTHETICAL 6%
PAID PLUS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 12%
INTEREST ------------------------------ ---------------------------- GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
AT 5% CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE -------------------------------
CERTIFICATE PER YEAR SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT
------ --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 4,410 0 2,644 250,000 0 2,833 250,000 0 3,021 250,000
2 9,041 1,330 5,183 250,000 1,872 5,726 250,000 2,438 6,291 250,000
3 13,903 5,484 7,616 250,000 6,547 8,678 250,000 7,701 9,832 250,000
4 19,008 8,869 9,935 250,000 10,619 11,684 250,000 12,599 13,664 250,000
5 24,368 12,141 12,141 250,000 14,746 14,746 250,000 17,818 17,818 250,000
6 29,996 14,231 14,231 250,000 17,862 17,862 250,000 22,323 22,323 250,000
7 35,906 16,191 16,191 250,000 21,018 21,018 250,000 27,202 27,202 250,000
8 42,112 18,014 18,014 250,000 24,209 24,209 250,000 32,488 32,488 250,000
9 48,627 19,686 19,686 250,000 27,422 27,422 250,000 38,214 38,214 250,000
10 55,469 21,195 21,195 250,000 30,644 30,644 250,000 44,414 44,414 250,000
11 62,652 22,592 22,592 250,000 33,953 33,953 250,000 51,257 51,257 250,000
12 70,195 23,810 23,810 250,000 37,268 37,268 250,000 58,707 58,707 250,000
13 78,114 24,839 24,839 250,000 40,580 40,580 250,000 66,832 66,832 250,000
14 86,430 25,672 25,672 250,000 43,886 43,886 250,000 75,712 75,712 250,000
15 95,161 26,295 26,295 250,000 47,174 47,174 250,000 85,436 85,436 250,000
16 104,330 26,679 26,679 250,000 50,422 50,422 250,000 96,095 96,095 250,000
17 113,956 26,801 26,801 250,000 53,611 53,611 250,000 107,803 107,803 250,000
18 124,064 26,623 26,623 250,000 56,708 56,708 250,000 120,688 120,688 250,000
19 134,677 26,095 26,095 250,000 59,675 59,675 250,000 134,895 134,895 250,000
20 145,821 25,171 25,171 250,000 62,471 62,471 250,000 150,609 150,609 250,000
Age 60 95,161 26,295 26,295 250,000 47,174 47,174 250,000 85,436 85,436 250,000
Age 65 145,821 25,171 25,171 250,000 62,471 62,471 250,000 150,609 150,609 250,000
Age 70 210,477 13,032 13,032 250,000 72,707 72,707 250,000 260,185 260,185 301,814
Age 75 292,995 0 0 250,000 70,410 70,410 250,000 438,328 438,328 469,011
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $4,200 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-4
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NONSMOKER, AGE 30
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $75,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 2
CURRENT COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREMIUMS HYPOTHETICAL 0% HYPOTHETICAL 6%
PAID PLUS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 12%
INTEREST ------------------------------ ---------------------------- GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
AT 5% CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE -------------------------------
CERTIFICATE PER YEAR SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT
------ --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 1,470 239 1,163 76,163 315 1,239 76,239 390 1,315 76,315
2 3,014 1,251 2,301 77,301 1,476 2,526 77,526 1,709 2,759 77,759
3 4,634 2,926 3,416 78,416 3,373 3,863 78,863 3,858 4,347 79,347
4 6,336 4,262 4,506 79,506 5,007 5,252 80,252 5,848 6,092 81,092
5 8,123 5,572 5,572 80,572 6,694 6,694 81,694 8,009 8,009 83,009
6 9,999 6,614 6,614 81,614 8,190 8,190 83,190 10,114 10,114 85,114
7 11,969 7,632 7,632 82,632 9,743 9,743 84,743 12,426 12,426 87,426
8 14,037 8,626 8,626 83,626 11,355 11,355 86,355 14,966 14,966 89,966
9 16,209 9,594 9,594 84,594 13,025 13,025 88,025 17,754 17,754 92,754
10 18,490 10,538 10,538 85,538 14,757 14,757 89,757 20,815 20,815 95,815
11 20,884 11,487 11,487 86,487 16,591 16,591 91,591 24,231 24,231 99,231
12 23,398 12,412 12,412 87,412 18,497 18,497 93,497 27,989 27,989 102,989
13 26,038 13,314 13,314 88,314 20,477 20,477 95,477 32,126 32,126 107,126
14 28,810 14,192 14,192 89,192 22,532 22,532 97,532 36,679 36,679 111,679
15 31,720 15,047 15,047 90,047 24,667 24,667 99,667 41,689 41,689 116,689
16 34,777 15,877 15,877 90,877 26,882 26,882 101,882 47,203 47,203 122,203
17 37,985 16,683 16,683 91,683 29,182 29,182 104,182 53,272 53,272 128,272
18 41,355 17,465 17,465 92,465 31,568 31,568 106,568 59,951 59,951 134,951
19 44,892 18,221 18,221 93,221 34,044 34,044 109,044 67,302 67,302 142,302
20 48,607 18,951 18,951 93,951 36,611 36,611 111,611 75,394 75,394 150,394
Age 60 97,665 24,489 24,489 99,489 67,803 67,803 142,803 217,674 217,674 292,674
Age 65 132,771 25,558 25,558 100,558 87,380 87,380 162,380 359,341 359,341 438,396
Age 70 177,576 24,833 24,833 99,833 109,533 109,533 184,533 587,281 587,281 681,246
Age 75 234,759 21,425 21,425 96,425 133,642 133,642 208,642 954,540 954,540 1,029,540
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $1,400 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-5
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 30
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $75,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 2
GUARANTEED COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREMIUMS HYPOTHETICAL 0% HYPOTHETICAL 6%
PAID PLUS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 12%
INTEREST ------------------------------ ---------------------------- GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
AT 5% CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE -------------------------------
CERTIFICATE PER YEAR SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT
------ --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 1,470 40 964 75,964 105 1,030 76,030 171 1,095 76,095
2 3,014 857 1,907 76,907 1,048 2,098 77,098 1,247 2,297 77,297
3 4,634 2,339 2,828 77,828 2,717 3,207 78,207 3,128 3,617 78,617
4 6,336 3,484 3,728 78,728 4,112 4,357 79,357 4,821 5,066 80,066
5 8,123 4,605 4,605 79,605 5,547 5,547 80,547 6,653 6,653 81,653
6 9,999 5,459 5,459 80,459 6,780 6,780 81,780 8,395 8,395 83,395
7 11,969 6,289 6,289 81,289 8,055 8,055 83,055 10,303 10,303 85,303
8 14,037 7,096 7,096 82,096 9,374 9,374 84,374 12,394 12,394 87,394
9 16,209 7,876 7,876 82,876 10,735 10,735 85,735 14,684 14,684 89,684
10 18,490 8,631 8,631 83,631 12,141 12,141 87,141 17,192 17,192 92,192
11 20,884 9,384 9,384 84,384 13,623 13,623 88,623 19,985 19,985 94,985
12 23,398 10,109 10,109 85,109 15,155 15,155 90,155 23,050 23,050 98,050
13 26,038 10,810 10,810 85,810 16,740 16,740 91,740 26,415 26,415 101,415
14 28,810 11,483 11,483 86,483 18,375 18,375 93,375 30,108 30,108 105,108
15 31,720 12,129 12,129 87,129 20,064 20,064 95,064 34,164 34,164 109,164
16 34,777 12,745 12,745 87,745 21,806 21,806 96,806 38,616 38,616 113,616
17 37,985 13,332 13,332 88,332 23,603 23,603 98,603 43,505 43,505 118,505
18 41,355 13,888 13,888 88,888 25,455 25,455 100,455 48,873 48,873 123,873
19 44,892 14,411 14,411 89,411 27,362 27,362 102,362 54,767 54,767 129,767
20 48,607 14,902 14,902 89,902 29,326 29,326 104,326 61,239 61,239 136,239
Age 60 97,665 17,230 17,230 92,230 51,608 51,608 126,608 173,185 173,185 248,185
Age 65 132,771 15,680 15,680 90,680 63,695 63,695 138,695 282,555 282,555 357,555
Age 70 177,576 10,763 10,763 85,763 74,549 74,549 149,549 456,075 456,075 531,075
Age 75 234,759 454 454 75,454 81,247 81,247 156,247 731,074 731,074 806,074
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $1,400 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-6
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 45
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $250,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 3
CURRENT COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREMIUMS HYPOTHETICAL 0% HYPOTHETICAL 6%
PAID PLUS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 12%
INTEREST ------------------------------ ---------------------------- GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
AT 5% CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE -------------------------------
CERTIFICATE PER YEAR SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT
------ --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 13,818 7,656 11,938 250,000 8,402 12,684 250,000 9,148 13,430 250,000
2 28,327 18,161 23,627 250,000 20,401 25,867 250,000 22,731 28,197 250,000
3 43,561 32,943 35,074 250,000 37,441 39,572 250,000 42,308 44,440 250,000
4 59,557 45,216 46,281 250,000 52,756 53,821 250,000 61,244 62,309 250,000
5 76,353 57,256 57,256 250,000 68,641 68,641 250,000 81,978 81,978 250,000
6 93,989 68,004 68,004 250,000 84,057 84,057 250,000 103,596 103,596 277,638
7 112,506 78,525 78,525 250,000 100,081 100,081 260,210 127,257 127,257 330,869
8 131,950 88,828 88,828 250,000 116,658 116,658 293,978 153,152 153,152 385,944
9 152,365 98,918 98,918 250,000 133,806 133,806 326,486 181,488 181,488 442,831
10 173,801 108,762 108,762 257,765 151,535 151,535 359,138 212,483 212,483 503,585
11 196,309 118,647 118,647 272,888 170,269 170,269 391,619 246,940 246,940 567,961
12 219,943 128,273 128,273 286,048 189,647 189,647 422,912 284,656 284,656 634,782
13 244,758 137,642 137,642 297,306 209,683 209,683 452,915 325,929 325,929 704,007
14 270,814 146,758 146,758 308,191 230,396 230,396 483,832 371,087 371,087 779,282
15 298,173 155,621 155,621 317,467 251,798 251,798 513,668 420,474 420,474 857,768
16 326,899 164,222 164,222 326,801 273,884 273,884 545,029 474,439 474,439 944,134
17 357,062 172,597 172,597 333,113 296,726 296,726 572,681 533,492 533,492 1,029,640
18 388,733 180,737 180,737 339,786 320,322 320,322 602,205 598,060 598,060 1,124,354
19 421,988 188,643 188,643 345,217 344,687 344,687 630,777 668,638 668,638 1,223,607
20 456,905 196,319 196,319 349,448 369,840 369,840 658,316 745,769 745,769 1,327,469
Age 60 298,173 155,621 155,621 317,467 251,798 251,798 513,668 420,474 420,474 857,768
Age 65 456,905 196,319 196,319 349,448 369,840 369,840 658,316 745,769 745,769 1,327,469
Age 70 659,493 230,918 230,918 364,851 507,106 507,106 801,227 1,249,851 1,249,851 1,974,765
Age 75 918,052 259,634 259,634 368,680 664,813 664,813 944,034 2,024,008 2,024,008 2,874,091
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $13,160 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-7
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 45
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $250,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 3
GUARANTEED COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREMIUMS HYPOTHETICAL 0% HYPOTHETICAL 6%
PAID PLUS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 12%
INTEREST ------------------------------ ---------------------------- GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
AT 5% CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE -------------------------------
CERTIFICATE PER YEAR SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT
------ --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 13,818 5,983 10,265 250,000 6,638 10,919 250,000 7,293 11,575 250,000
2 28,327 14,834 20,300 250,000 16,788 22,254 250,000 18,822 24,289 250,000
3 43,561 27,979 30,110 250,000 31,893 34,024 250,000 36,131 38,262 250,000
4 59,557 38,630 39,696 250,000 45,180 46,246 250,000 52,561 53,626 250,000
5 76,353 49,065 49,065 250,000 58,946 58,946 250,000 70,534 70,534 250,000
6 93,989 58,221 58,221 250,000 72,148 72,148 250,000 89,154 89,154 250,000
7 112,506 67,161 67,161 250,000 85,872 85,872 250,000 109,550 109,550 284,829
8 131,950 75,887 75,887 250,000 100,145 100,145 252,365 131,759 131,759 332,033
9 152,365 84,398 84,398 250,000 114,834 114,834 280,195 155,928 155,928 380,465
10 173,801 92,695 92,695 250,000 129,920 129,920 307,911 182,201 182,201 431,817
11 196,309 101,042 101,042 250,000 145,755 145,755 335,237 211,227 211,227 485,821
12 219,943 109,203 109,203 250,000 162,041 162,041 361,351 242,824 242,824 541,497
13 244,758 117,121 117,121 252,981 178,785 178,785 386,176 277,211 277,211 598,776
14 270,814 124,770 124,770 262,017 195,982 195,982 411,563 314,605 314,605 660,670
15 298,173 132,156 132,156 269,599 213,638 213,638 435,822 355,255 355,255 724,720
16 326,899 139,260 139,260 277,128 231,720 231,720 461,122 399,366 399,366 794,739
17 357,062 146,103 146,103 281,978 250,254 250,254 482,990 447,259 447,259 863,211
18 388,733 152,661 152,661 287,003 269,196 269,196 506,088 499,152 499,152 938,406
19 421,988 158,929 158,929 290,839 288,521 288,521 527,994 555,311 555,311 1,016,220
20 456,905 164,906 164,906 293,533 308,218 308,218 548,628 616,041 616,041 1,096,552
Age 60 298,173 132,156 132,156 269,599 213,638 213,638 435,822 355,255 355,255 724,720
Age 65 456,905 164,906 164,906 293,533 308,218 308,218 548,628 616,041 616,041 1,096,552
Age 70 659,493 190,397 190,397 300,827 411,444 411,444 650,081 999,444 999,444 1,579,121
Age 75 918,052 208,764 208,764 296,445 520,467 520,467 739,063 1,550,685 1,550,685 2,201,973
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $13,160 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-8
<PAGE>
APPENDIX D
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES
A separate surrender charge may be calculated upon issuance of the Certificate
and upon each increase in the Face Amount. The maximum surrender charge
calculated upon issuance of the Certificate is equal to $8.50 per thousand
dollars of the initial Face Amount plus up to 50% (less any premium expense
charge not associated with state and local premium taxes) of the Guideline
Annual Premium, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued. The
maximum surrender charge for an increase in the Face Amount is $8.50 per
thousand dollars of increase, plus up to 50% (less any premium expense charge
not associated with state and local premium taxes) of the Guideline Annual
Premium for the increase. The calculation may be summarized in the following
formula:
<TABLE>
<C> <C> <S>
Face Amount
Maximum Surrender Charge = (8.5 X ----------- ) + (up to 50% X Guideline Annual
1000 Premium)
</TABLE>
A further limitation is imposed based on the Standard Nonforfeiture Law of each
state. The maximum surrender charges upon issuance of the Certificate and upon
each increase in the Face Amount are shown in the table. During the first two
Certificate years following issue or an increase in the Face Amount, the actual
surrender charge may be less than the maximum. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS --
"Surrender Charge."
The maximum surrender charge remains level for up to the first 24 Certificate
months, reduces uniformly for the balance of the surrender charge period, and is
zero thereafter. The actual surrender charge imposed may be less than the
maximum.
The Factors used in calculating the maximum surrender charges vary with the
issue Age and Underwriting Class as indicated in the following table.
MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGE PER $1000 FACE AMOUNT
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Age at Age at
Issue or Unisex Unisex Issue or Unisex Unisex
Increase Nonsmoker Smoker Increase Nonsmoker Smoker
- --------- ------------- ----------- --------- ------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
0 14.89 41 24.90 28.00
1 14.84 42 25.40 28.70
2 15.00 43 25.95 29.45
3 15.17 44 26.55 30.25
4 15.35 45 27.15 31.10
5 15.53 46 27.85 32.00
6 15.73 47 28.55 32.95
7 15.94 48 29.30 34.00
8 16.16 49 30.10 35.10
9 16.39 50 31.00 36.30
10 16.64 51 31.95 37.55
11 16.91 52 32.95 38.90
12 17.18 53 34.05 40.35
13 17.47 54 35.25 41.95
14 17.70 55 36.50 43.60
15 18.08 56 37.85 45.35
16 18.38 57 39.35 47.25
17 18.67 58 40.95 49.30
18 17.15 18.98 59 42.70 51.50
</TABLE>
D-1
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Age at Age at
Issue or Unisex Unisex Issue or Unisex Unisex
Increase Nonsmoker Smoker Increase Nonsmoker Smoker
- --------- ------------- ----------- --------- ------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
19 17.40 19.29 60 44.60 53.85
20 17.65 19.62 61 46.60 56.40
21 17.92 19.95 62 48.85 56.34
22 18.20 20.25 63 51.25 56.26
23 18.49 20.50 64 53.85 56.18
24 18.80 20.75 65 56.03 56.10
25 19.13 21.00 66 55.90 56.01
26 19.48 21.25 67 55.74 55.90
27 19.85 21.55 68 55.58 55.76
28 20.24 21.85 69 55.41 55.63
29 20.60 22.20 70 55.27 55.49
30 20.85 22.50 71 55.12 55.38
31 21.10 22.85 72 54.96 55.29
32 21.40 23.25 73 54.85 55.23
33 21.70 23.65 74 54.75 55.19
34 22.05 24.10 75 54.64 55.16
35 22.35 24.55 76 54.52 55.10
36 22.75 25.05 77 54.36 55.01
37 23.10 25.55 78 54.18 54.86
38 23.50 26.10 79 53.97 54.68
39 23.95 26.70 80 53.75 54.49
40 24.40 27.35
</TABLE>
EXAMPLES
For the purposes of these examples, assume that a unisex, Age 35 non-smoker
purchases a $100,000 Certificate. In this example the Guideline Annual Premium
("GAP") equals $1,032.25. The maximum surrender charge is calculated as follows:
(1) Deferred Administrative Charge $850.00
($8.50/$1,000 of Face Amount)
(2) Deferred Sales Charge $516.13
(50% X GAP)
--------------
$1,366.13
Maximum surrender charge per Table (22.35 X 100) $2,235.00
During the first two Certificate years after the Date of Issue, the actual
surrender charge is the smaller of the maximum surrender charge and the
following sum:
(1) Deferred Administrative Charge ($8.50/$1,000 of Face Amount) $850.00
(2) Deferred Sales Charge Varies
(not to exceed 30% of premiums received, up to one
GAP, plus 9% of premiums received in excess of one GAP)
--------------------
Sum of (1) and (2)
D-2
<PAGE>
The maximum surrender charge is $1,366.13. All premiums are associated with the
initial Face Amount unless the Face Amount is increased.
Example 1:
Assume the Certificate Owner surrenders the Certificate in the 10th Certificate
month, having paid total premiums of $900. The actual surrender charge would be
$1,120.
Example 2:
Assume the Certificate Owner surrenders the Certificate in the 120th Certificate
month. Also assume that after the 24th Certificate month, the maximum surrender
charge decreases by 1/156 per month, thereby reaching zero at the end of the
15th Certificate year. In this example, the maximum surrender charge would be
$525.43.
D-3
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA
FINANCIAL LIFE
INSURANCE COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1998
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Shareholder of
First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related
consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholder's equity
and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries (the
"Company") at December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the results of their operations
and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December
31, 1998, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management; our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with
generally accepted auditing standards which require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed
above.
/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 2, 1999, except for paragraph 2 of Note 18 and Note 20,
which are as of March 19, 1999 and April 1, 1999, respectively
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
----------------------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
REVENUES
Premiums................................... $2,303.9 $2,311.0 $2,236.3
Universal life and investment product
policy fees.............................. 296.6 237.3 197.2
Net investment income...................... 613.7 641.8 670.8
Net realized investment gains.............. 62.6 76.5 66.8
Other income............................... 142.6 117.6 108.4
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues......................... 3,419.4 3,384.2 3,279.5
-------- -------- --------
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES
Policy benefits, claims, losses and loss
adjustment expenses...................... 2,050.2 2,004.6 1,957.0
Policy acquisition expenses................ 452.8 425.1 470.1
Sales practice litigation.................. 31.0 -- --
Loss from exiting reinsurance pools........ 25.3 -- --
Loss from cession of disability income
business................................. -- 53.9 --
Restructuring costs........................ 13.0 -- --
Other operating expenses................... 559.0 523.7 503.2
-------- -------- --------
Total benefits, losses and expenses.... 3,131.3 3,007.3 2,930.3
-------- -------- --------
Income before federal income taxes............. 288.1 376.9 349.2
-------- -------- --------
FEDERAL INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)
Current.................................... 67.6 83.3 96.8
Deferred................................... (15.4) 14.2 (15.7)
-------- -------- --------
Total federal income tax expense....... 52.2 97.5 81.1
-------- -------- --------
Income before minority interest................ 235.9 279.4 268.1
Minority interest.......................... (55.0) (79.4) (74.6)
-------- -------- --------
Net income..................................... $ 180.9 $ 200.0 $ 193.5
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-1
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
-------------------------------------------------------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Investments:
Fixed maturities at fair value (amortized cost of
$7,520.8 and $6,992.8)............................. $ 7,683.9 $ 7,253.5
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $253.1 and
$341.1)............................................ 397.1 479.0
Mortgage loans...................................... 562.3 567.5
Real estate......................................... 20.4 50.3
Policy loans........................................ 154.3 141.9
Other long-term investments......................... 142.7 148.3
--------- ---------
Total investments............................... 8,960.7 8,640.5
--------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents............................. 504.0 213.9
Accrued investment income............................. 141.0 141.8
Deferred policy acquisition costs..................... 1,161.2 965.5
--------- ---------
Reinsurance receivables:
Future policy benefits.............................. 322.6 307.1
Outstanding claims, losses and loss adjustment
expenses........................................... 652.2 626.7
Other............................................... 161.6 106.4
--------- ---------
Total reinsurance receivables................... 1,136.4 1,040.2
--------- ---------
Deferred federal income taxes......................... 19.4 --
Premiums, accounts and notes receivable............... 510.5 554.4
Other assets.......................................... 530.6 373.0
Closed Block assets................................... 803.1 806.7
Separate account assets............................... 13,697.7 9,755.4
--------- ---------
Total assets.................................... $27,464.6 $22,491.4
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
LIABILITIES
Policy liabilities and accruals:
Future policy benefits.............................. $ 2,802.2 $ 2,598.5
Outstanding claims, losses and loss adjustment
expenses........................................... 2,815.9 2,825.0
Unearned premiums................................... 843.2 846.8
Contractholder deposit funds and other policy
liabilities........................................ 2,637.0 1,852.7
--------- ---------
Total policy liabilities and accruals........... 9,098.3 8,123.0
--------- ---------
Expenses and taxes payable............................ 681.9 662.6
Reinsurance premiums payable.......................... 50.2 37.7
Short-term debt....................................... 221.3 33.0
Deferred federal income taxes......................... -- 12.9
Long-term debt........................................ -- 2.6
Closed Block liabilities.............................. 872.0 885.6
Separate account liabilities.......................... 13,691.5 9,749.7
--------- ---------
Total liabilities............................... 24,615.2 19,507.1
--------- ---------
Minority interest..................................... 532.9 748.9
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 13 and 18)
SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
Common stock, $10 par value, 1 million shares
authorized, 500,000 shares issued and outstanding... 5.0 5.0
Additional paid-in capital............................ 444.0 453.7
Accumulated other comprehensive income................ 169.2 209.3
Retained earnings..................................... 1,698.3 1,567.4
--------- ---------
Total shareholder's equity...................... 2,316.5 2,235.4
--------- ---------
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity...... $27,464.6 $22,491.4
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-2
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
----------------------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
COMMON STOCK................................... $ 5.0 $ 5.0 $ 5.0
-------- -------- --------
ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL
Balance at beginning of period............. 453.7 392.4 392.4
Contributed from parent.................... -- 61.3 --
Loss on change of interest -- Allmerica
P&C...................................... (9.7) -- --
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of period................... 444.0 453.7 392.4
-------- -------- --------
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Net unrealized appreciation on investments:
Balance at beginning of period............. 209.3 131.4 153.0
Appreciation (depreciation) during the
period:
Net (depreciation) appreciation on
available-for-sale securities............ (82.4) 170.9 (35.1)
Benefit (provision) for deferred federal
income taxes............................. 28.9 (59.8) 11.8
Minority interest.......................... 13.4 (33.2) 1.7
-------- -------- --------
(40.1) 77.9 (21.6)
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of period................... 169.2 209.3 131.4
-------- -------- --------
RETAINED EARNINGS
Balance at beginning of period............. 1,567.4 1,367.4 1,173.9
Net income................................. 180.9 200.0 193.5
Dividend to shareholder.................... (50.0) -- --
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of period................... 1,698.3 1,567.4 1,367.4
-------- -------- --------
Total shareholder's equity............. $2,316.5 $2,235.4 $1,896.2
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-3
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
-------------------------------------------- ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income.................................. $180.9 $200.0 $193.5
------ ------ ------
Other comprehensive income:
Net (depreciation) appreciation on
available-for-sale securities........... (82.4) 170.9 (35.1)
Benefit (provision) for deferred federal
income taxes............................ 28.9 (59.8) 11.8
Minority interest......................... 13.4 (33.2) 1.7
------ ------ ------
Other comprehensive income.............. (40.1) 77.9 (21.6)
------ ------ ------
Comprehensive income...................... $140.8 $277.9 $171.9
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-4
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
-------------------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income.............................. $ 180.9 $ 200.0 $ 193.5
Adjustments to reconcile net income to
net cash provided by operating
activities:
Minority interest................... 55.0 79.4 74.6
Net realized gains.................. (62.7) (77.8) (66.8)
Net amortization and depreciation... 20.7 31.6 44.7
Deferred federal income taxes....... (15.4) 14.2 (15.7)
Loss from exiting reinsurance
pools............................... 25.3 -- --
Sales practice litigation expense... 31.0 -- --
Payment related to exiting
reinsurance pools................... (30.3) -- --
Loss from cession of disability
income business..................... -- 53.9 --
Payment related to cession of
disability income business.......... -- (207.0) --
Change in deferred acquisition
costs............................... (185.8) (189.7) (73.9)
Change in premiums and notes
receivable, net of reinsurance
payable............................. 56.7 (15.1) (16.8)
Change in accrued investment
income.............................. 0.8 7.1 16.7
Change in policy liabilities and
accruals, net....................... 168.1 (134.9) (184.3)
Change in reinsurance receivable.... (115.4) 27.2 123.8
Change in expenses and taxes
payable............................. (3.3) 49.4 26.0
Separate account activity, net...... (48.5) -- 5.2
Other, net.......................... (63.8) 20.4 38.5
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in)
operating activities................ 13.3 (141.3) 165.5
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from disposals and maturities
of available-for-sale fixed
maturities............................. 1,929.1 2,892.9 3,985.8
Proceeds from disposals of equity
securities............................. 285.3 162.7 228.7
Proceeds from disposals of other
investments............................ 120.8 116.3 99.3
Proceeds from mortgages matured or
collected.............................. 171.2 204.7 176.9
Purchase of available-for-sale fixed
maturities............................. (2,588.4) (2,596.0) (3,771.1)
Purchase of equity securities........... (119.9) (67.0) (90.9)
Purchase of other investments........... (274.4) (175.0) (168.0)
Capital expenditures.................... (0.7) (15.3) (12.8)
Purchase of minority interest in
Citizens Corporation................... (195.9) -- --
Other investing activities, net......... 5.1 1.3 4.3
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by
investing activities................ (667.8) 524.6 452.2
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Deposits and interest credited to
contractholder deposit funds........... 1,419.2 457.6 268.7
Withdrawals from contractholder deposit
funds.................................. (625.0) (647.1) (905.0)
Change in short-term debt............... 188.3 (5.4) 10.4
Change in long-term debt................ (2.6) (0.1) (0.1)
Dividend paid to parent................. (50.0) -- --
Dividends paid to minority
shareholders........................... -- (9.4) (3.9)
Additional paid-in capital.............. -- 0.1 --
Subsidiary treasury stock purchased, at
cost................................... (1.0) (140.0) (42.0)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in)
financing activities................ 928.9 (344.3) (671.9)
-------- -------- --------
Net change in cash and cash equivalents..... 274.4 39.0 (54.2)
Net change in cash held in the Closed
Block...................................... 15.7 (1.0) (6.5)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of
period..................................... 213.9 175.9 236.6
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period.... $ 504.0 $ 213.9 $ 175.9
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Interest paid............................... $ 7.3 $ 3.6 $ 18.6
Income taxes paid........................... $ 133.5 $ 66.3 $ 72.0
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-5
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements of First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company ("FAFLIC", or the "Company"), a wholly owned subsidiary of
Allmerica Financial Corporation ("AFC"), include the accounts of its wholly
owned life insurance subsidiary Allmerica Financial Life Insurance and Annuity
Company ("AFLIAC"), its non-insurance subsidiaries (principally brokerage and
investment advisory subsidiaries), and Allmerica Property and Casualty
Companies, Inc. ("Allmerica P&C") (a 70.06%-owned non-insurance holding
company). The Closed Block (Note 1B) assets and liabilities at December 31, 1998
and 1997, and its results of operations subsequent to demutualization are
presented in the consolidated financial statements as single line items. Unless
specifically stated, all disclosures contained herein supporting the
consolidated financial statements at December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the years
then ended exclude the Closed Block related amounts. All significant
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
On December 3, 1998, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common stock of
Citizens Corporation (formerly an 82.5% owned non-insurance subsidiary of
Hanover, a wholly owned subsidiary of Allmerica P&C) that it did not already own
in exchange for cash of $195.9 million (Note 3). The acquisition has been
recognized as a purchase. The minority interest acquired totaled $158.5 million.
A total of $40.8 million representing the excess of the purchase price over the
fair values of the net assets acquired, net of deferred taxes, has been
allocated to goodwill and is being amortized over a 40-year period.
Allmerica P&C and a wholly owned subsidiary of AFC merged on July 16, 1997.
Through the merger, AFC acquired all of the outstanding common stock of
Allmerica P&C that it did not already own in exchange for cash and stock. The
merger has been accounted for as a purchase. A total of $90.6 million,
representing the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net
assets acquired, net of deferred taxes, has been allocated to goodwill and is
being amortized over a 40-year period. Additional information pertaining to the
merger agreement is included in Note 2, significant transactions.
Minority interest relates to the Company's investment in Allmerica P&C and its
only significant subsidiary, The Hanover Insurance Company ("Hanover").
Hanover's wholly owned subsidiary is Citizens Corporation, the holding company
for Citizens Insurance Company of America ("Citizens"). Minority interest also
includes an amount related to the minority interest in Citizens Corporation.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and
the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
B. CLOSED BLOCK
The Company established and began operating a closed block (the "Closed Block")
for the benefit of the participating policies included therein, consisting of
certain individual life insurance participating policies, individual deferred
annuity contracts and supplementary contracts not involving life contingencies
which were in force as of FAFLIC's demutualization on October 16, 1995; such
policies constitute the "Closed Block Business". The purpose of the Closed Block
is to protect the policy dividend expectations of such FAFLIC dividend paying
policies and contracts. Unless the Commissioner consents to an earlier
termination, the Closed Block will continue to be in effect until the date none
of the Closed Block policies are in force. FAFLIC allocated to the Closed Block
assets in an amount that is expected to produce cash flows which, together with
future revenues from the Closed Block Business, are reasonably sufficient to
support the Closed Block Business, including provision for payment of policy
benefits, certain future expenses and taxes and for
F-6
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
continuation of policyholder dividend scales payable in 1994 so long as the
experience underlying such dividend scales continues. The Company expects that
the factors underlying such experience will fluctuate in the future and
policyholder dividend scales for Closed Block Business will be set accordingly.
Although the assets and income allocated to the Closed Block inure solely to the
benefit of the holders of policies included in the Closed Block, the excess of
Closed Block liabilities over Closed Block assets as measured on a GAAP basis
represent the expected future post-tax income from the Closed Block which may be
recognized in income over the period the policies and contracts in the Closed
Block remain in force.
If the actual income from the Closed Block in any given period equals or exceeds
the expected income for such period as determined at the inception of the Closed
Block, the expected income would be recognized in income for that period.
Further, any excess of the actual income over the expected income would also be
recognized in income to the extent that the aggregate expected income for all
prior periods exceeded the aggregate actual income. Any remaining excess of
actual income over expected income would be accrued as a liability for
policyholder dividends in the Closed Block to be paid to the Closed Block
policyholders. This accrual for future dividends effectively limits the actual
Closed Block income recognized in income to the Closed Block income expected to
emerge from operation of the Closed Block as determined at inception.
If, over the period the policies and contracts in the Closed Block remain in
force, the actual income from the Closed Block is less than the expected income
from the Closed Block, only such actual income (which could reflect a loss)
would be recognized in income. If the actual income from the Closed Block in any
given period is less than the expected income for that period and changes in
dividends scales are inadequate to offset the negative performance in relation
to the expected performance, the income inuring to shareholders of the Company
will be reduced. If a policyholder dividend liability had been previously
established in the Closed Block because the actual income to the relevant date
had exceeded the expected income to such date, such liability would be reduced
by this reduction in income (but not below zero) in any periods in which the
actual income for that period is less than the expected income for such period.
C. VALUATION OF INVESTMENTS
In accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities"
("Statement No. 115"), the Company is required to classify its investments into
one of three categories: held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading. The
Company determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time
of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date.
Marketable equity securities and debt securities are classified as
available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value,
with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in a separate
component of shareholder's equity. The amortized cost of debt securities is
adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity.
Such amortization is included in investment income.
Mortgage loans on real estate are stated at unpaid principal balances, net of
unamortized discounts and reserves. Reserves on mortgage loans are based on
losses expected by the Company to be realized on transfers of mortgage loans to
real estate (upon foreclosure), on the disposition or settlement of mortgage
loans and on mortgage loans which the Company believes may not be collectible in
full. In establishing reserves, the Company considers, among other things, the
estimated fair value of the underlying collateral.
Fixed maturities and mortgage loans that are delinquent are placed on
non-accrual status, and thereafter interest income is recognized only when cash
payments are received.
Policy loans are carried principally at unpaid principal balances.
F-7
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
During 1997, the Company adopted a plan to dispose of all real estate assets by
the end of 1998. As of December 31, 1998, there were 7 properties remaining in
the Company's real estate portfolio, all of which are being actively marketed.
As a result of the plan, real estate held by the Company and real estate joint
ventures were written down to the estimated fair value less costs of disposal.
Depreciation is not recorded on these assets while they are held for disposal.
Realized investment gains and losses, other than those related to separate
accounts for which the Company does not bear the investment risk, are reported
as a component of revenues based upon specific identification of the investment
assets sold. When an other-than-temporary impairment of the value of a specific
investment or a group of investments is determined, a realized investment loss
is recorded. Changes in the valuation allowance for mortgage loans are included
in realized investment gains or losses.
D. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into transactions involving
various types of financial instruments, including debt, investments such as
fixed maturities, mortgage loans and equity securities, investment and loan
commitments, swap contracts and interest rate futures contracts. These
instruments involve credit risk and also may be subject to risk of loss due to
interest rate fluctuation. The Company evaluates and monitors each financial
instrument individually and, when appropriate, obtains collateral or other
security to minimize losses.
Derivative financial instruments are accounted for under three different
methods: fair value accounting, deferral accounting and accrual accounting.
Interest rate swap contracts used to hedge interest rate risk are accounted for
using a combination of the fair value method and accrual method, with changes in
fair value reported in unrealized gains and losses in equity consistent with the
underlying hedged security, and the net payment or receipt on the swaps reported
in net investment income. Foreign currency swap contracts used to hedge foreign
currency exchange risk are accounted for using a combination of the fair value
method and accrual method, with changes in fair value reported in unrealized
gains and losses in equity consistent with the underlying hedged security, and
the net payment or receipt on the swaps reported in net investment income.
Futures contracts used to hedge interest rate risk are accounted for using the
deferral method, with gains and losses deferred in unrealized gains and losses
in equity and recognized in earnings in conjunction with the earnings
recognition of the underlying hedged item. Default swap contracts entered into
for investment purposes are accounted for using the fair value method, with
changes in fair value, if any, reported in realized investment gains and losses
in earnings. Premium paid to the Company on default swap contracts is reported
in net investment income in earnings. Other swap contracts entered into for
investment purposes are accounted for using the fair value method, with changes
in fair value reported in realized investment gains and losses in earnings. Any
ineffective swaps or futures hedges are recognized currently in realized
investment gains and losses in earnings.
E. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, amounts due from banks and
highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three
months or less.
F. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS
Acquisition costs consist of commissions, underwriting costs and other costs,
which vary with, and are primarily related to, the production of revenues.
Property and casualty, group life and group health insurance business
acquisition costs are deferred and amortized over the terms of the insurance
policies. Acquisition costs related to universal life products, variable
annuities and contractholder deposit funds are deferred and amortized in
proportion to total estimated gross profits from investment yields, mortality,
surrender charges and expense margins over the expected life of the contracts.
This amortization is reviewed annually and adjusted retrospectively when the
Company revises its estimate of current or future gross profits to be realized
F-8
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
from this group of products, including realized and unrealized gains and losses
from investments. Acquisition costs related to fixed annuities and other life
insurance products are deferred and amortized, generally in proportion to the
ratio of annual revenue to the estimated total revenues over the contract
periods based upon the same assumptions used in estimating the liability for
future policy benefits.
Deferred acquisition costs for each life product and property and casualty line
of business are reviewed to determine if they are recoverable from future
income, including investment income. If such costs are determined to be
unrecoverable, they are expensed at the time of determination. Although
realization of deferred policy acquisition costs is not assured, the Company
believes it is more likely than not that all of these costs will be realized.
The amount of deferred policy acquisition costs considered realizable, however,
could be reduced in the near term if the estimates of gross profits or total
revenues discussed above are reduced. The amount of amortization of deferred
policy acquisition costs could be revised in the near term if any of the
estimates discussed above are revised.
G. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less
accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided using the
straight-line or accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the
related assets which generally range from 3 to 30 years. Amortization of
leasehold improvements is provided using the straight-line method over the
lesser of the term of the leases or the estimated useful life of the
improvements.
H. SEPARATE ACCOUNTS
Separate account assets and liabilities represent segregated funds administered
and invested by the Company for the benefit of certain pension, variable annuity
and variable life insurance contractholders. Assets consist principally of
bonds, common stocks, mutual funds, and short-term obligations at market value.
The investment income, gains and losses of these accounts generally accrue to
the contractholders and, therefore, are not included in the Company's net
income. Appreciation and depreciation of the Company's interest in the separate
accounts, including undistributed net investment income, is reflected in
shareholder's equity or net investment income.
I. POLICY LIABILITIES AND ACCRUALS
Future policy benefits are liabilities for life, health and annuity products.
Such liabilities are established in amounts adequate to meet the estimated
future obligations of policies in force. The liabilities associated with
traditional life insurance products are computed using the net level premium
method for individual life and annuity policies, and are based upon estimates as
to future investment yield, mortality and withdrawals that include provisions
for adverse deviation. Future policy benefits for individual life insurance and
annuity policies are computed using interest rates ranging from 2 1/2% to 7 1/4%
for life insurance and 2 1/2% to 9 1/2% for annuities. Estimated liabilities are
established for group life and health policies that contain experience rating
provisions. Mortality, morbidity and withdrawal assumptions for all policies are
based on the Company's own experience and industry standards. Liabilities for
universal life include deposits received from customers and investment earnings
on their fund balances, less administrative charges. Universal life fund
balances are also assessed mortality and surrender charges.
Liabilities for outstanding claims, losses and loss adjustment expenses ("LAE")
are estimates of payments to be made on property and casualty and health
insurance for reported losses and LAE and estimates of losses and LAE incurred
but not reported. These liabilities are determined using case basis evaluations
and statistical analyses and represent estimates of the ultimate cost of all
losses incurred but not paid. These estimates are continually reviewed and
adjusted as necessary; such adjustments are reflected in current operations.
Estimated amounts of salvage and subrogation on unpaid property and casualty
losses are deducted from the liability for unpaid claims.
F-9
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Premiums for property and casualty, group life, and accident and health
insurance are reported as earned on a pro-rata basis over the contract period.
The unexpired portion of these premiums is recorded as unearned premiums.
Contractholder deposit funds and other policy liabilities include investment
related products such as guaranteed investment contracts, deposit administration
funds and immediate participation guarantee funds and consist of deposits
received from customers and investment earnings on their fund balances.
All policy liabilities and accruals are based on the various estimates discussed
above. Although the adequacy of these amounts cannot be assured, the Company
believes that it is more likely than not that policy liabilities and accruals
will be sufficient to meet future obligations of policies in force. The amount
of liabilities and accruals, however, could be revised in the near term if the
estimates discussed above are revised.
J. PREMIUM AND FEE REVENUE AND RELATED EXPENSES
Premiums for individual life and health insurance and individual and group
annuity products, excluding universal life and investment-related products, are
considered revenue when due. Property and casualty and group life, accident and
health insurance premiums are recognized as revenue over the related contract
periods. Benefits, losses and related expenses are matched with premiums,
resulting in their recognition over the lives of the contracts. This matching is
accomplished through the provision for future benefits, estimated and unpaid
losses and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. Revenues for
investment-related products consist of net investment income and contract
charges assessed against the fund values. Related benefit expenses primarily
consist of net investment income credited to the fund values after deduction for
investment and risk charges. Revenues for universal life products consist of net
investment income, and mortality, administration and surrender charges assessed
against the fund values. Related benefit expenses include universal life benefit
claims in excess of fund values and net investment income credited to universal
life fund values. Certain policy charges that represent compensation for
services to be provided in future periods are deferred and amortized over the
period benefited using the same assumptions used to amortize capitalized
acquisition costs.
K. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
AFC and its domestic subsidiaries file a consolidated United States federal
income tax return. Entities included within the consolidated group are
segregated into either a life insurance or non-life insurance company subgroup.
The consolidation of these subgroups is subject to certain statutory
restrictions on the percentage of eligible non-life tax losses that can be
applied to offset life company taxable income. Prior to the merger on July 16,
1997, Allmerica P&C and its subsidiaries filed a separate United States federal
income tax return.
The Board of Directors has delegated to AFC management, the development and
maintenance of appropriate federal income tax allocation policies and
procedures, which are subject to written agreement between the companies. The
Federal income tax for all subsidiaries in the consolidated return of AFC is
calculated on a separate return basis. Any current tax liability is paid to AFC.
Tax benefits resulting from taxable operating losses or credits of AFC's
subsidiaries are not reimbursed to the subsidiary until such losses or credits
can be utilized by the subsidiary on a separate return basis.
Deferred income taxes are generally recognized when assets and liabilities have
different values for financial statement and tax reporting purposes, and for
other temporary taxable and deductible differences as defined by Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes ("Statement
No. 109"). These differences result primarily from loss and LAE reserves, policy
reserves, policy acquisition expenses, and unrealized appreciation or
depreciation on investments.
F-10
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
L. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("Statement No. 133"), which establishes
accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments. Statement No. 133
requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or
liabilities at fair value in the statement of financial position, and
establishes special accounting for the following three types of hedges: fair
value hedges, cash flow hedges, and hedges of foreign currency exposures of net
investments in foreign operations. This statement is effective for fiscal years
beginning after June 15, 1999. The Company is currently assessing the impact of
the adoption of Statement No. 133.
In March 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ("AICPA")
issued Statement of Position 98-1, "Accounting for the Cost of Computer Software
Developed or Obtained for Internal Use" ("SoP 98-1"). SoP 98-1 requires that
certain costs incurred in developing internal-use computer software be
capitalized and provides guidance for determining whether computer software is
to be considered for internal use. This statement is effective for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 1998. In the second quarter, the Company adopted
SoP 98-1 effective January 1, 1998, resulting in an increase in pre-tax income
of $12.4 million through December 31, 1998. The adoption of SOP 98-1 did not
have a material effect on the results of operations or financial position for
the three months ended March 31, 1998.
In December 1997, the AICPA issued Statement of Position 97-3, "Accounting by
Insurance and Other Enterprises for Insurance-Related Assessments" ("SoP 97-3").
SoP 97-3 provides guidance on when a liability should be recognized for guaranty
fund and other assessments and how to measure the liability. This statement
allows for the discounting of the liability if the amount and timing of the cash
payments are fixed and determinable. In addition, it provides criteria for when
an asset may be recognized for a portion or all of the assessment liability or
paid assessment that can be recovered through premium tax offsets or policy
surcharges. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 1998. The Company believes that the adoption of this statement will
not have a material effect on the results of operations or financial position.
In June 1997, the FASB issued Statement No. 131, "Disclosures About Segments of
an Enterprise and Related Information" ("Statement No. 131"). This statement
establishes standards for the way that public enterprises report information
about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires that
selected information about those operating segments be reported in interim
financial statements. This statement supersedes Statement No. 14, "Financial
Reporting for Segments of a Business Enterprise". Statement No. 131 requires
that all public enterprises report financial and descriptive information about
their reportable operating segments. Operating segments are defined as
components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is
available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in
deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. This statement
is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997. The Company
adopted Statement No. 131 for the first quarter of 1998, which resulted in
certain segment re-definitions, which have no impact on the consolidation
results of operations. (Note 12)
In June 1997, the FASB also issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income" ("Statement No. 130"). Statement No.
130 which establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive
income and its components in a full set of general-purpose financial statements.
All items that are required to be recognized under accounting standards as
components of comprehensive income are to be reported in a financial statement
that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. This
statement stipulates that comprehensive income reflect the change in equity of
an enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and
circumstances from non-owner sources. This statement is effective for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 1997. The Company adopted
F-11
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Statement No. 130 for the first quarter of 1998, which resulted primarily in
reporting unrealized gains and losses on investments in debt and equity
securities in comprehensive income.
M. RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year
presentation.
2. SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTIONS
On December 3, 1998 Citizens Acquisition Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary
of the Allmerica P&C, completed a cash tender offer to acquire the outstanding
shares of Citizens Corporation common stock that AFC or its subsidiaries did not
already own at a price of $33.25 per share. Approximately 99.8% of publicly held
shares of Citizens Corporation common stock were tendered. On December 14, 1998,
the Company completed a short-form merger, acquiring all shares of common stock
of Citizens Corporation not purchased in its tender offer, through the merger of
its wholly owned subsidiary, Citizens Acquisition Corporation with Citizens
Corporation at a price of $33.25 per share. Total consideration for the
transactions amounted to $195.9 million. The acquisition has been recognized as
a purchase. The minority interest acquired totaled $158.5 million. A total of
$40.8 million representing the excess of the purchase price over the fair values
of the net assets acquired, net of deferred taxes, has been allocated to
goodwill and is being amortized over a 40-year period.
The Company's consolidated results of operations include minority interest in
Citizens prior to December 3, 1998. The unaudited pro forma information below
presents consolidated results of operation as if the acquisition had occurred at
the beginning of 1997.
The following unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of
the consolidated results of operations of the combined Company had the
acquisition occurred at the beginning of 1997, nor is it necessarily indicative
of future results.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(UNAUDITED)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Revenue................................................................................... $ 3,405.1 $ 3,366.3
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Net realized capital gains included in revenue............................................ $ 59.8 $ 71.8
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Income before taxes and minority interest................................................. 272.9 358.0
Income taxes.............................................................................. (47.2) (91.3)
Minority Interest:
Equity in earnings.................................................................... (42.6) (64.1)
---------- ----------
Net income................................................................................ $ 183.1 $ 202.6
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
</TABLE>
On October 29, 1998, the Company announced that had adopted a formal
restructuring plan for its Risk Management business. As part of this initiative,
the Company, in its Corporate Risk Management Services segment, has exited its
accident and health assumed reinsurance pool business, as well as its
administrative services only business. Additionally, it has commenced the
closing of nearly half of its nationwide Corporate Risk Management Services'
sales offices, eliminated certain staff and discontinued certain automation
initiatives. In addition to the aforementioned initiatives in the Corporate Risk
Management Services segment, the Property and Casualty segment is consolidating
its field support activities from fourteen regional branches into three hub
locations. As a result of the Company's restructuring initiative, it recognized
a pretax loss of $13.0 million, in the fourth quarter of 1998. Approximately
$5.5 million of this loss relates to severance and other employee related costs
resulting from the elimination of 339 positions, of which 129 employees had
F-12
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
been terminated as of December 31, 1998. In addition, contract terminations and
lease cancellations resulted in losses of approximately $4.1 million and $3.4
million, respectively. During 1998, the Company made payments of approximately
$1.6 million related to this restructuring initiative.
Effective July 1, 1998, the Company entered into a reinsurance agreement with a
highly rated reinsurer that cedes current and future underwriting losses,
including unfavorable development of prior year reserves, up to a $40.0 million
maximum, of which $19.7 million relating to the Company's accident and health
assumed reinsurance pool business has been utilized as of December 31, 1998.
These pools consist primarily of the Corporate Risk Management Services
segment's assumed stop loss business, small group managed care pools, long-term
disability and long-term care pools, student accident and special risk business.
The agreement is consistent with management's decision to exit this line of
business, which the Company expects to run-off over the next three years. As a
result of this transaction, the Company recognized a $25.3 million pre-tax loss
in the third quarter of 1998.
Effective January 1, 1998, the Company entered into an agreement with a highly
rated reinsurer to reinsure the mortality risk on the universal life and
variable universal life blocks of business. The agreement did not have a
material effect on its results of operations or financial position.
In 1998 and 1997, Allmerica P&C redeemed 3,289.5 and 5,735.3 shares,
respectively, of its issued and outstanding common stock owned by AFC for $125.0
million and $195.0 million, respectively, thereby increasing FAFLIC's ownership
of Allmerica P&C by 4.3% and 6.3%, respectively. The 1998 transaction consisted
of $124.0 million of securities and $1.0 million of cash. The 1997 transaction
consisted of $55.0 million of securities and $140.0 million of cash.
The merger of Allmerica P&C and a wholly owned subsidiary of AFC was consummated
on July 16, 1997. Through the merger, AFC acquired all of the outstanding common
stock of Allmerica P&C that FAFLIC did not already own in exchange for cash of
$425.6 million and approximately 9.7 million shares of AFC stock valued at
$372.5 million. At consummation of this transaction AFC owned 59.5% through
FAFLIC and 40.5% directly.
The merger has been accounted for as a purchase. Total consideration of
approximately $798.1 million has been allocated to the minority interest in the
assets and liabilities based on estimates of their fair values. The minority
interest acquired totaled $703.5 million. A total of $90.6 million representing
the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net assets
acquired, net of deferred taxes, has been allocated to goodwill and is being
amortized over a 40-year period.
On February 3, 1997, AFC Capital Trust (the "Trust"), a subsidiary business
trust of AFC, issued $300 million Series A Capital Securities, which pay
cumulative dividends at a rate of 8.207% semiannually commencing August 15,
1997. The Trust exists for the sole purpose of issuing the Capital Securities
and investing the proceeds thereof in an equivalent amount of 8.207% Junior
Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures due 2027 of AFC (the "Subordinated
Debentures"). Through certain guarantees, the Subordinated Debentures and the
terms of related agreements, AFC has irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed
the obligations of the Trust under the Capital Securities. Net proceeds from the
offering of approximately $296.3 million funded a portion of the acquisition of
the 24.2 million publicly-held shares of Allmerica P&C pursuant to the merger on
July 16, 1997.
The Company's consolidated results of operations include minority interest in
Allmerica P&C prior to July 16, 1997. The unaudited pro forma information below
presents consolidated results of operations as if the merger and issuance of
Capital Securities had occurred at the beginning of 1996 and reflects
adjustments which include interest expense related to the assumed financing of a
portion of the cash consideration paid and amortization of goodwill.
F-13
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of
the consolidated results of operations of the combined Company had the merger
and issuance of Capital Securities occurred at the beginning of 1996, nor is it
necessarily indicative of future results.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(UNAUDITED)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Revenue................................................................................... $ 3,362.7 $ 3,246.4
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Net realized capital gains included in revenue............................................ $ 63.0 $ 46.7
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Income before taxes and minority interest................................................. 353.0 311.6
Income taxes.............................................................................. (89.6) (68.7)
Minority Interest:
Equity in earnings.................................................................... (75.5) (67.3)
---------- ----------
Net income................................................................................ $ 187.9 $ 175.6
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
</TABLE>
On April 14, 1997, the Company entered into an agreement in principle to cede
substantially all of the Company's individual disability income line of business
under a 100% coinsurance agreement with a highly rated reinsurer. The
coinsurance agreement became effective October 1, 1997. The transaction has
resulted in the recognition of a $53.9 million pre-tax loss in the first quarter
of 1997.
3. INVESTMENTS
A. SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS
The Company accounts for its investments, all of which are classified as
available-for-sale, in accordance with Statement No. 115.
The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturities and
equity securities were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998
--------------------------------------------
GROSS GROSS
DECEMBER 31, AMORTIZED UNREALIZED UNREALIZED FAIR
(IN MILLIONS) COST (1) GAINS LOSSES VALUE
- ---------------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S.
government and agency securities....... $ 192.8 $ 12.0 $ 24.5 $ 180.3
States and political subdivisions....... 2,408.9 83.0 5.2 2,486.7
Foreign governments..................... 107.9 7.7 4.5 111.1
Corporate fixed maturities.............. 4,293.3 167.8 81.9 4,379.2
Mortgage-backed securities.............. 517.9 11.5 2.8 526.6
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
Total fixed maturities.................. $7,520.8 $ 282.0 $ 118.9 $7,683.9
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
Equity securities....................... $ 253.1 $ 151.1 $ 7.1 $ 397.1
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
</TABLE>
F-14
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997
--------------------------------------------
GROSS GROSS
DECEMBER 31, AMORTIZED UNREALIZED UNREALIZED FAIR
(IN MILLIONS) COST (1) GAINS LOSSES VALUE
- ---------------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- --------
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S.
government and agency securities....... $ 265.3 $ 9.5 $ 0.9 $ 273.9
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
States and political subdivisions....... 2,200.6 78.3 3.1 2,275.8
Foreign governments..................... 110.8 8.5 2.2 117.1
Corporate fixed maturities.............. 4,041.6 175.1 12.2 4,204.5
Mortgage-backed securities.............. 374.5 9.7 2.0 382.2
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
Total fixed maturities.................. $6,992.8 $ 281.1 $ 20.4 $7,253.5
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
Equity securities....................... $ 341.1 $ 141.9 $ 4.0 $ 479.0
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
</TABLE>
(1) Amortized cost for fixed maturities and cost for equity securities.
In connection with AFLIAC's voluntary withdrawal of its license in New York,
AFLIAC agreed with the New York Department of Insurance to maintain, through a
custodial account in New York, a security deposit, the market value of which
will at all times equal 102% of all outstanding general account liabilities of
AFLIAC for New York policyholders, claimants and creditors. At December 31,
1998, the amortized cost and market value of assets on deposit in New York were
$268.5 million and $284.1 million, respectively. At December 31, 1997, the
amortized cost and market value of assets on deposit were $276.8 million and
$291.7 million, respectively.
In addition, fixed maturities, excluding those securities on deposit in New
York, with an amortized cost of $105.4 million and $105.1 million were on
deposit with various state and governmental authorities at December 31, 1998 and
1997, respectively.
There were no contractual fixed maturity investment commitments at December 31,
1998 and 1997, respectively.
The amortized cost and fair value by maturity periods for fixed maturities are
shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because
borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call
or prepayment penalties, or the Company may have the right to put or sell the
obligations back to the issuers. Mortgage backed securities are included in the
category representing their ultimate maturity.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998
--------------------
DECEMBER 31, AMORTIZED FAIR
(IN MILLIONS) COST VALUE
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Due in one year or less..................................... $ 384.7 $ 391.5
Due after one year through five years....................... 2,309.4 2,341.2
Due after five years through ten years...................... 2,173.3 2,199.6
Due after ten years......................................... 2,653.4 2,751.6
--------- --------
Total....................................................... $ 7,520.8 $7,683.9
--------- --------
--------- --------
</TABLE>
F-15
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The proceeds from voluntary sales of available-for-sale securities and the gross
realized gains and gross realized losses on those sales were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, PROCEEDS FROM GROSS GROSS
(IN MILLIONS) VOLUNTARY SALES GAINS LOSSES
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1998
Fixed maturities............................................ $ 993.3 $ 18.2 $ 11.9
Equity securities........................................... $ 276.4 $ 76.3 $ 9.6
1997
Fixed maturities............................................ $1,894.8 $ 27.6 $ 16.2
Equity securities........................................... $ 145.5 $ 55.8 $ 1.3
1996
Fixed maturities............................................ $2,432.8 $ 19.3 $ 30.5
Equity securities........................................... $ 228.1 $ 56.1 $ 1.3
</TABLE>
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale and other securities, are
summarized as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, FIXED SECURITIES
(IN MILLIONS) MATURITIES AND OTHER (1) TOTAL
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ------------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1998
Net appreciation, beginning of year......................... $122.6 $ 86.7 $209.3
---------- ------ ------
Net (depreciation) appreciation on available-for-sale
securities................................................. (99.3) 4.4 (94.9)
Appreciation due to Allmerica P&C purchase of minority in
interest of Citizens....................................... 10.7 10.7 21.4
Net appreciation from the effect on deferred policy
acquisition costs and on policy liabilities................ 6.3 -- 6.3
Provision for deferred federal income taxes and minority
interest................................................... 38.7 (11.6) 27.1
---------- ------ ------
(43.6) 3.5 (40.1)
---------- ------ ------
Net appreciation, end of year............................... $ 79.0 $ 90.2 $169.2
---------- ------ ------
---------- ------ ------
1997
Net appreciation, beginning of year......................... $ 71.3 $ 60.1 $131.4
---------- ------ ------
Net appreciation (depreciation) on available-for-sale
securities................................................. 83.2 (5.9) 77.3
Appreciation due to AFC purchase of minority interest of
Allmerica P&C.............................................. 50.7 59.6 110.3
Net depreciation from the effect on deferred policy
acquisition costs and on policy liabilities................ (16.7) -- (16.7)
Provision for deferred federal income taxes and minority
interest................................................... (65.9) (27.1) (93.0)
---------- ------ ------
51.3 26.6 77.9
---------- ------ ------
Net appreciation, end of year............................... $122.6 $ 86.7 $209.3
---------- ------ ------
---------- ------ ------
</TABLE>
F-16
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, FIXED SECURITIES
(IN MILLIONS) MATURITIES AND OTHER (1) TOTAL
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ------------- ------
1996
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net appreciation, beginning of year......................... $108.7 $ 44.3 $153.0
---------- ------ ------
Net (depreciation) appreciation on available-for-sale
securities................................................. (94.1) 35.9 (58.2)
Net appreciation from the effect on deferred policy
acquisition costs and on policy liabilities................ 23.1 -- 23.1
Provision for deferred federal income taxes and minority
interest................................................... 33.6 (20.1) 13.5
---------- ------ ------
(37.4) 15.8 (21.6)
---------- ------ ------
Net appreciation, end of year............................... $ 71.3 $ 60.1 $131.4
---------- ------ ------
---------- ------ ------
</TABLE>
(1) Includes net appreciation on other investments of $0.8 million, $1.8
million, and $0.6 million in 1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively.
B. MORTGAGE LOANS AND REAL ESTATE
FAFLIC's mortgage loans and real estate are diversified by property type and
location. Real estate investments have been obtained primarily through
foreclosure. Mortgage loans are collateralized by the related properties and
generally are no more than 75% of the property's value at the time the original
loan is made.
The carrying values of mortgage loans and real estate investments net of
applicable reserves were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Mortgage loans.............................................. $562.3 $567.5
Real estate held for sale................................... 20.4 50.3
------ ------
Total mortgage loans and real estate........................ $582.7 $617.8
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
Reserves for mortgage loans were $11.5 million and $20.7 million at December 31,
1998 and 1997, respectively.
During 1997, the Company committed to a plan to dispose of all real estate
assets by the end of 1998. At December 31, 1998, there were 7 properties
remaining in the Company's portfolio, which are being actively marketed. As a
result of the plan, during 1997 real estate assets with a carrying amount of
$54.7 million were written down to the estimated fair value less cost of
disposal of $50.3 million, and a net realized investment loss of $4.4 million
was recognized. Depreciation is not recorded on these assets while they are held
for disposal. There were no non-cash investing activities, including real estate
acquired through foreclosure of mortgage loans, in 1998 and 1997. During 1996,
non-cash investing activities included real estate acquired through foreclosure
of mortgage loans, which had a fair value of $0.9 million.
There were no contractual commitments to extend credit under commercial mortgage
loan agreements at December 31, 1998. These commitments generally expire within
one year.
F-17
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Mortgage loans and real estate investments comprised the following property
types and geographic regions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- ------
<S> <C> <C>
Property type:
Office building........................................... $304.4 $265.1
Residential............................................... 52.8 66.6
Retail.................................................... 108.5 132.8
Industrial/warehouse...................................... 110.0 107.2
Other..................................................... 18.5 66.8
Valuation allowances...................................... (11.5) (20.7)
-------- ------
Total....................................................... $582.7 $617.8
-------- ------
-------- ------
Geographic region:
South Atlantic............................................ $136.1 $173.4
Pacific................................................... 155.1 152.8
East North Central........................................ 80.5 102.0
Middle Atlantic........................................... 61.2 73.8
West South Central........................................ 54.7 34.9
New England............................................... 60.7 46.9
Other..................................................... 45.9 54.7
Valuation allowances...................................... (11.5) (20.7)
-------- ------
Total....................................................... $582.7 $617.8
-------- ------
-------- ------
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1998, scheduled mortgage loan maturities were as follows: 1999
- -- $84.7 million; 2000 -- $131.6 million; 2001 -- $33.9 million; 2002 -- $28.4
million; 2003 -- $42.5 million; and $241.2 million thereafter. Actual maturities
could differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to
prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties and loans may be
refinanced. During 1998, the Company did not refinance any mortgage loans based
on terms which differed from those granted to new borrowers.
C. INVESTMENT VALUATION ALLOWANCES
Investment valuation allowances which have been deducted in arriving at
investment carrying values as presented in the consolidated balance sheets and
changes thereto are shown below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, BALANCE AT BALANCE AT
(IN MILLIONS) JANUARY 1 PROVISIONS WRITE-OFFS DECEMBER 31
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1998
Mortgage loans.............................................. $20.7 $(6.8) $ 2.4 $11.5
----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- -----
1997
Mortgage loans.............................................. $19.6 $ 2.5 $ 1.4 $20.7
Real estate................................................. 14.9 6.0 20.9 --
----- ----- ----- -----
Total................................................... $34.5 $ 8.5 $22.3 $20.7
----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- -----
1996
Mortgage loans.............................................. $33.8 $ 5.5 $19.7 $19.6
Real estate................................................. 19.6 -- 4.7 14.9
----- ----- ----- -----
Total................................................... $53.4 $ 5.5 $24.4 $34.5
----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
F-18
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Provisions on mortgages during 1998 reflect the release of redundant reserves.
Write-offs of $20.9 million to the investment valuation allowance related to
real estate in 1997 primarily reflect write downs to the estimated fair value
less costs to sell pursuant to the aforementioned 1997 plan of disposal.
The carrying value of impaired loans was $22.0 million and $30.5 million, with
related reserves of $6.0 million and $13.8 million as of December 31, 1998 and
1997, respectively. All impaired loans were reserved as of December 31, 1998 and
1997.
The average carrying value of impaired loans was $26.1 million, $30.8 million
and $50.4 million, with related interest income while such loans were impaired
of $3.2 million, $3.2 million and $5.8 million as of December 31, 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively.
D. FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Company purchases long futures contracts and sells short futures contracts
on margin to hedge against interest rate fluctuations associated with the sale
of Guaranteed Investment Contracts ("GICs"). The Company is exposed to interest
rate risk from the time of sale of the GIC until the receipt of the deposit and
purchase of the underlying asset to back the liability. Futures contract
activity increased significantly in 1998 due to the increase in sale of GICs.
The Company's exposure to credit risk under futures contracts is limited to the
margin deposited with the broker. The Company only trades futures contracts with
nationally recognized brokers, which the Company believes have adequate capital
to ensure that there is minimal danger of default. The Company does not require
collateral or other securities to support financial instruments with credit
risk.
The notional amount of futures contracts outstanding at December 31, 1998 was
$92.7 million. There were no futures contracts outstanding at December 31, 1997.
The notional amounts of the contracts represent the extent of the Company's
investment but not the future cash requirements, as the Company generally
settles open positions prior to maturity. The maturity of all futures contracts
outstanding is less than one year. The fair value of futures contracts
outstanding was $92.5 million at December 31, 1998.
Gains and losses on hedge contracts related to interest rate fluctuations are
deferred and recognized in income over the period being hedged corresponding to
related guaranteed investment contracts. If instruments being hedged by futures
contracts are disposed, any unamortized gains or losses on such contracts are
included in the determination of the gain or loss from the disposition. Deferred
hedging gains (losses) were $(1.8) million in 1998. There were no deferred
hedging gains or losses in 1997. Gains and losses on hedge contracts that are
deemed ineffective by the Company are realized immediately. There were $0.1
million of gains realized on ineffective hedges in 1998. There was no gain or
loss in 1997 or 1996.
A reconciliation of the notional amount of futures contracts is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts outstanding, beginning of year......................................... $ -- $ (33.0) $ 74.7
New contracts.................................................................... 1,117.5 (0.2) (1.1)
Contracts terminated............................................................. (1,024.8) 33.2 (106.6)
----------- --------- ---------
Contracts outstanding, end of year............................................... $ 92.7 $ -- $ (33.0)
----------- --------- ---------
----------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
E. FOREIGN CURRENCY SWAP CONTRACTS
The Company enters into foreign currency swap contracts with swap counterparties
to hedge foreign currency exposure on specific fixed income securities. Interest
and principal related to foreign fixed income securities payable in foreign
currencies, at current exchange rates, are exchanged for the equivalent payment
in U.S dollars translated at a specific currency exchange rate. The primary risk
associated with these transactions is
F-19
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
the inability of the counterparty to meet its obligation. The Company regularly
assesses the financial strength of its counterparties and generally enters into
forward or swap agreements with counterparties rated "A" or better by nationally
recognized rating agencies. The Company's maximum exposure to counterparty
credit risk is the difference between the foreign currency exchange rate, as
agreed upon in the swap contract, and the foreign currency spot rate on the date
of the exchange, as indicated by the fair value of the contract. The fair values
of the foreign currency swap contracts outstanding were $1.2 million and $1.3
million at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Changes in the fair value
of contracts are reported as an unrealized gain or loss, consistent with the
underlying hedged security. The Company does not require collateral or other
security to support financial instruments with credit risk.
The difference between amounts paid and received on foreign currency swap
contracts is reflected in the net investment income related to the underlying
assets and is not material in 1998, 1997 and 1996. Any gain or loss on the
termination of swap contracts is deferred and recognized with any gain or loss
on the hedged transaction. The Company had no deferred gain or loss on foreign
currency swap contracts in 1998 or 1997.
A reconciliation of the notional amount of foreign currency swap contracts is as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts outstanding, beginning of year.............................................. $ 42.6 $ 47.6 $ 69.4
New contracts......................................................................... -- 5.0 --
Contracts expired..................................................................... -- (10.0) (21.8)
--------- --------- ---------
Contracts outstanding, end of year.................................................... $ 42.6 $ 42.6 $ 47.6
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
Expected maturities of foreign currency swap contracts outstanding at December
31, 1998 are $24.0 million in 1999, $8.3 million in 2000 and $10.3 million
thereafter. There are no expected maturities of such foreign currency swap
contracts in 2001, 2002 and 2003.
F. INTEREST RATE SWAP CONTRACTS
The Company enters into interest rate swap contracts to hedge exposure to
interest rate fluctuations. Specifically, for floating rate GIC liabilities that
are matched with fixed rate securities, the Company manages the interest rate
risk by hedging with interest rate swap contracts. Under these swap contracts,
the Company agrees to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between
fixed and floating interest amounts calculated on an agreed-upon notional
principal amount. The use of interest rate swap contracts increased during 1998
due to the increase in floating rate GIC liabilities. As with foreign currency
swap contracts, the primary risk associated with these transactions is the
inability of the counterparty to meet its obligation. The Company regularly
assesses the financial strength of its counterparties and generally enters into
forward or swap agreements with counterparties rated "A" or better by nationally
recognized rating agencies. Because the underlying principal of swap contracts
is not exchanged, the Company's maximum exposure to counterparty credit risk is
the difference in payments exchanged, which at December 31, 1998 was a net
payable of $3.9 million. The Company does not require collateral or other
security to support financial instruments with credit risk.
The net amount receivable or payable is recognized over the life of the swap
contract as an adjustment to net investment income. The (decrease) or increase
in net investment income related to interest rate swap contracts was $(2.8)
million, $(0.4) million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 1998,
1997, and 1996, respectively. The fair value of interest rate swap contracts
outstanding were $(28.3) million and $(2.3) million at December 31, 1998 and
1997, respectively. Changes in the fair value of contracts are reported as an
unrealized gain or loss, consistent with the underlying hedged security. Any
gain or loss on the termination of interest rate swap contracts accounted for as
hedges are deferred and recognized with the gain or loss on the
F-20
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
hedged transaction. The Company had no deferred gain or loss on interest rate
swap contracts in 1998 or 1997. A reconciliation of the notional amount of
interest rate swap contracts is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts outstanding, beginning of year.......................................... $ 244.1 $ 5.0 $ 17.5
New contracts..................................................................... 873.5 244.7 5.0
Contracts expired................................................................. (5.0) (5.6) (17.5)
---------- --------- ---------
Contracts outstanding, end of year................................................ $ 1,112.6 $ 244.1 $ 5.0
---------- --------- ---------
---------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
Expected maturities of interest rate swap contracts outstanding at December 31,
1998 is $44.0 million in 2000, $234.5 million in 2002, $810.5 million in 2003
and $23.6 million thereafter. There are no expected maturities of interest rate
contracts in 1999 or 2001.
G. OTHER SWAP CONTRACTS
The Company enters into security return-linked and insurance portfolio-linked
swap contracts for investment purposes. Under the security return-linked
contracts, the Company agrees to exchange cash flows according to the
performance of a specified security or portfolio of securities. Under the
insurance portfolio-linked swap contracts, the Company agrees to exchange cash
flows according to the performance of a specified underwriter's portfolio of
insurance business. As with interest rate swap contracts, the primary risk
associated with these transactions is the inability of the counterparty to meet
its obligation. The Company regularly assesses the financial strength of its
counterparties and generally enters into forward or swap agreements with
counterparties rated "A" or better by nationally recognized rating agencies.
Because the underlying principal of swap contracts is not exchanged, the
Company's maximum exposure to counterparty credit risk is the difference in
payments exchanged, which at December 31, 1998, was not material to the Company.
The Company does not require collateral or other security to support financial
instruments with credit risk.
In 1998, the Company also entered into credit default swap agreements. Under the
terms of these agreements, the Company assumes the default risk of a specific
high credit quality issuer in exchange for a stated annual premium. In the case
of default, the Company will pay the counterparty par value for a pre-determined
security of the issuer. The primary risk associated with these transactions is
the default risk of the underlying companies. The Company regularly assesses the
financial strength of the underlying companies and generally enters into default
swap agreements for companies rated "A" or better by nationally recognized
rating agencies.
The swap contracts are marked to market with any gain or loss recognized
currently. The fair values of swap contracts outstanding were $(0.1) million at
December 31, 1998 and 1997. The net amount receivable or payable under
security-returned-linked and insurance portfolio-linked swap contracts is
recognized when the contracts are marked to market. The net increase (decrease)
in realized investment gains related to these contracts was $1.1 million in 1998
and $(1.6) million in 1997. There were no realized investment gains or losses on
other swap contracts recognized in 1996.
The stated annual premium under credit default swap contracts is recognized
currently in net investment income. The net increase to investment income
related to credit default swap contracts was $0.2 million in 1998. There was no
investment income recognized in 1997 and 1996.
F-21
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
A reconciliation of the notional amount of other swap contracts is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts outstanding, beginning of year............................................ $ 15.0 $ 58.6 $ --
New contracts....................................................................... 266.3 192.1 58.6
Contracts expired................................................................... (26.3) (211.6) --
Contracts terminated................................................................ -- (24.1) --
--------- --------- ---------
Contracts outstanding, end of year.................................................. $ 255.0 $ 15.0 $ 58.6
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
Expected maturities of other swap contracts outstanding at December 31, 1998 are
as follows: $115.0 million in 1999, $115.0 million in 2000 and $25.0 million in
2001. There are no expected maturities of such other swap contracts in 2002 or
2003.
H. OTHER
At December 31, 1998, FAFLIC had no concentration of investments in a single
investee exceeding 10% of shareholders' equity. At December 31, 1997, FAFLIC had
no concentration of investments in a single investee exceeding 10% of
shareholder's equity, except for investments with the U.S. Treasury with a
carrying value of $262.4 million.
4. INVESTMENT INCOME AND GAINS AND LOSSES
A. NET INVESTMENT INCOME
The components of net investment income were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Fixed maturities............................................ $530.8 $541.9 $553.8
Mortgage loans.............................................. 58.3 57.5 69.5
Equity securities........................................... 7.4 10.6 11.1
Policy loans................................................ 11.9 10.9 10.3
Real estate................................................. 7.2 20.1 40.8
Other long-term investments................................. (0.5) 12.4 19.9
Short-term investments...................................... 14.3 12.8 10.6
------ ------ ------
Gross investment income..................................... 629.4 666.2 716.0
Less investment expenses.................................... (15.7) (24.4) (45.2)
------ ------ ------
Net investment income....................................... $613.7 $641.8 $670.8
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1998, there was one mortgage loan on non-accrual status which
had an outstanding principal balance of $4.3 million. This loan was restructured
and fully impaired. There were no fixed maturities which were on non-accrual
status at December 31, 1998. The effect of non-accruals, compared with amounts
that would have been recognized in accordance with the original terms of the
investments, had no impact in 1998 and 1997, and reduced net income by $0.5
million in 1996.
The payment terms of mortgage loans may from time to time be restructured or
modified. The investment in restructured mortgage loans, based on amortized
cost, amounted to $28.7 million, $40.3 million and $51.3 million at December 31,
1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. Interest income on restructured mortgage
loans that would have been recorded in accordance with the original terms of
such loans amounted to $3.3 million, $3.9 million and $7.7 million in 1998, 1997
and 1996, respectively. Actual interest income on
F-22
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
these loans included in net investment income aggregated $3.3 million, $4.2
million and $4.5 million in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
There were no fixed maturities which were non-income producing for the year
ended December 31, 1998. There was one mortgage loan which was non-income
producing for the year ended December 31, 1998, which had an outstanding
principal balance of $4.3 million and was fully impaired.
Included in other long-term investments is a loss from limited partnerships of
$7.5 million in 1998, and income of $7.8 million and $13.7 million in 1997 and
1996, respectively.
B. REALIZED INVESTMENT GAINS AND LOSSES
Realized gains (losses) on investments were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Fixed maturities............................................ $ (11.8) $ 14.7 $ (9.7)
Mortgage loans.............................................. 8.8 (1.2) (2.4)
Equity securities........................................... 66.6 53.6 54.8
Real estate................................................. 13.7 12.8 21.1
Other....................................................... (14.7) (3.4) 3.0
--------- --------- ---------
Net realized investment gains............................... $ 62.6 $ 76.5 $ 66.8
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
C. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME RECONCILIATION
The following table provides a reconciliation of gross unrealized gains to the
net balance shown in the Statement of Comprehensive Income:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Unrealized gains on securities:
Unrealized holding gains arising during period, (net of
taxes and minority interest of $(20.8) million, $123.7
million and $10.7 million in 1998, 1997 and 1996,
respectively).............................................. $ (6.8) $ 115.5 $ (0.7)
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains included in net
income (net of taxes and minority interest of $21.5
million, $30.7 million and $24.2 million in 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively)........................................ 33.3 37.6 20.9
--------- --------- ---------
Other comprehensive income.................................. $ (40.1) $ 77.9 $ (21.6)
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
5. FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Statement No. 107, "Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments",
requires disclosure of fair value information about certain financial
instruments (insurance contracts, real estate, goodwill and taxes are excluded)
for which it is practicable to estimate such values, whether or not these
instruments are included in the balance sheet. The fair values presented for
certain financial instruments are estimates which, in many cases, may differ
significantly from the amounts which could be realized upon immediate
liquidation. In cases where market prices are not available, estimates of fair
value are based on discounted cash flow analyses, which utilize current interest
rates for similar financial instruments which have comparable terms and credit
quality. Included in the fair value of fixed maturities are swap contracts used
to hedge fixed maturities with a fair value of $(27.1) million at December 31,
1998. Fair values of interest rate futures were not material at December 31,
1997.
F-23
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of
each class of financial instruments:
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
For these short-term investments, the carrying amount approximates fair value.
FIXED MATURITIES
Fair values are based on quoted market prices, if available. If a quoted market
price is not available, fair values are estimated using independent pricing
sources or internally developed pricing models using discounted cash flow
analyses.
EQUITY SECURITIES
Fair values are based on quoted market prices, if available. If a quoted market
price is not available, fair values are estimated using independent pricing
sources or internally developed pricing models.
MORTGAGE LOANS
Fair values are estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows using
the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar
credit ratings. The fair value of below investment grade mortgage loans are
limited to the lesser of the present value of the cash flows or book value.
POLICY LOANS
The carrying amount reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximates
fair value since policy loans have no defined maturity dates and are inseparable
from the insurance contracts.
INVESTMENT CONTRACTS (WITHOUT MORTALITY FEATURES)
Fair values for the Company's liabilities under guaranteed investment type
contracts are estimated using discounted cash flow calculations using current
interest rates for similar contracts with maturities consistent with those
remaining for the contracts being valued. Other liabilities are based on
surrender values.
DEBT
The carrying value of short-term debt reported in the balance sheet approximates
fair value. The fair value of long-term debt was estimated using market quotes,
when available, and, when not available, discounted cash flow analyses.
F-24
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The estimated fair values of the financial instruments were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997
------------------ ------------------
DECEMBER 31, CARRYING FAIR CARRYING FAIR
(IN MILLIONS) VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
FINANCIAL ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 504.0 $ 504.0 $ 213.9 $ 213.9
Fixed maturities.......................................... 7,683.9 7,683.9 7,253.5 7,253.5
Equity securities......................................... 397.1 397.1 479.0 479.0
Mortgage loans............................................ 562.3 587.1 567.5 597.0
Policy loans.............................................. 154.3 154.3 141.9 141.9
-------- -------- -------- --------
$9,301.6 $9,326.4 $8,655.8 $8,685.3
-------- -------- -------- --------
-------- -------- -------- --------
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
Guaranteed investment contracts........................... $1,791.8 $1,830.8 $ 985.2 $1,004.7
Supplemental contracts without life contingencies......... 37.3 37.3 22.4 22.4
Dividend accumulations.................................... 88.4 88.4 87.8 87.8
Other individual contract deposit funds................... 61.6 61.1 57.9 55.7
Other group contract deposit funds........................ 700.4 704.0 714.8 715.5
Individual annuity contracts.............................. 1,110.6 1,073.6 907.4 882.2
Short-term debt........................................... 221.3 221.3 33.0 33.0
Long-term debt............................................ -- -- 2.6 2.6
-------- -------- -------- --------
$4,011.4 $4,016.5 $2,811.1 $2,803.9
-------- -------- -------- --------
-------- -------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
6. CLOSED BLOCK
Included in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income in 1998, 1997
and 1996 is a net pre-tax contribution from the Closed Block of $10.4 million,
$9.1 million and $8.6 million, respectively. Summarized financial information of
the Closed Block as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 and for the period ended
December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost of $399.1
and $400.1, respectively)............................... $414.2 $412.9
Mortgage loans............................................ 136.0 112.0
Policy loans.............................................. 210.9 218.8
Cash and cash equivalents................................. 9.4 25.1
Accrued investment income................................. 14.1 14.1
Deferred policy acquisition costs......................... 15.6 18.2
Other assets.............................................. 2.9 5.6
------ ------
Total assets................................................ $803.1 $806.7
------ ------
------ ------
Liabilities
Policy liabilities and accruals........................... $862.9 $875.1
Other liabilities......................................... 9.1 10.4
------ ------
Total liabilities........................................... $872.0 $885.5
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
F-25
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues
Premiums................................................ $ 55.4 $ 58.3 $ 61.7
Net investment income................................... 53.3 53.4 52.6
Realized investment loss................................ 0.1 1.3 (0.7)
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues.............................................. 108.8 113.0 113.6
Benefits and expenses
Policy benefits......................................... 95.0 100.5 101.2
Policy acquisition expenses............................. 2.7 3.0 3.2
Other operating expenses................................ 0.7 0.4 0.6
-------- -------- --------
Total benefits and expenses................................. 98.4 103.9 105.0
-------- -------- --------
Contribution from the Closed Block.......................... $ 10.4 $ 9.1 $ 8.6
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
Cash flows
Cash flows from operating activities:
Contribution from the Closed Block...................... $ 10.4 $ 9.1 $ 8.6
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs, net........ 2.6 2.9 3.4
Change in premiums and other receivables................ 0.3 -- 0.2
Change in policy liabilities and accruals............... (13.5) (11.6) (13.9)
Change in accrued investment income..................... -- 0.2 2.3
Deferred Taxes.......................................... 0.1 (5.1) 1.0
Change in other assets.................................. 2.4 (2.9) (1.6)
Change in expenses and taxes payable.................... (2.9) (2.0) 1.7
Other, net.............................................. (0.1) (1.2) 1.4
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities....... (0.7) (10.6) 3.1
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales, maturities and repayments of investments......... 83.6 161.6 188.1
Purchases of investments................................ (106.5) (161.4) (196.9)
Other, net.............................................. 7.9 11.4 12.2
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities....... (15.0) 11.6 3.4
-------- -------- --------
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents................... (15.7) 1.0 6.5
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year................ 25.1 24.1 17.6
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year...................... $ 9.4 $ 25.1 $ 24.1
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
There are no valuation allowances on mortgage loans in the Closed Block at
December 31, 1998, 1997 or 1996, respectively.
Many expenses related to Closed Block operations are charged to operations
outside the Closed Block; accordingly, the contribution from the Closed Block
does not represent the actual profitability of the Closed Block operations.
Operating costs and expenses outside of the Closed Block are, therefore,
disproportionate to the business outside the Closed Block.
F-26
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
7. DEBT
Short and long-term debt consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ -----
<S> <C> <C>
Short-Term
Commercial paper........................................ $ 41.3 $32.6
Borrowings under bank credit facility................... 150.0 --
Repurchase agreements................................... 30.0 --
Other................................................... -- 0.4
------ -----
Total short-term debt....................................... $ 221.3 $33.0
------ -----
------ -----
Long-term debt.............................................. $ -- $ 2.6
------ -----
------ -----
</TABLE>
FAFLIC issues commercial paper primarily to manage imbalances between operating
cash flows and existing commitments. Commercial paper borrowing arrangements are
supported by a credit agreement. At December 31, 1998, the weighted average
interest rate for outstanding commercial paper was approximately 5.34%.
Effective December 4, 1998, the Company entered into a credit agreement that
expired on February 5, 1999. Borrowings under this agreement were unsecured and
incurred interest at a rate per annum equal to the eurodollar rate plus
applicable margin. Borrowings outstanding under this credit facility at December
31, 1998 were $150.0 million.
During 1998 and 1996, the Company utilized repurchase agreements to finance
certain investments. The 1996 repurchase agreements were settled by the end of
1996.
In October, 1995, AFC issued $200.0 million face amount of Senior Debentures for
proceeds of $197.2 million net of discounts and issuance costs. These securities
have an effective interest rate of 7.65%, and mature on October 16, 2025.
Interest is payable semiannually on October 15 and April 15 of each year. The
Senior Debentures are subject to certain restrictive covenants, including
limitations on issuance of or disposition of stock of restricted subsidiaries
and limitations on liens. AFC is in compliance with all covenants. The primary
source of cash for repayment of the debt by AFC is dividends from FAFLIC and
APY. Interest expense was $7.3 million, $3.6 million and $16.8 million in 1998,
1997 and 1996, respectively. Interest paid on the credit agreement was
approximately $0.7 million in 1998 and $2.8 million in 1997. Interest expense
during 1996 also included $11.0 million related to interest payments on
repurchase agreements. All interest expense is recorded in other operating
expenses.
8. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
Provisions for federal income taxes have been calculated in accordance with the
provisions of SFAS No. 109. A summary of the federal income tax expense
(benefit) in the consolidated statements of income is shown below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------- ----- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Federal income tax expense (benefit)
Current................................................. $ 67.6 $83.3 $ 96.8
Deferred................................................ (15.4) 14.2 (15.7)
------- ----- -------
Total....................................................... $ 52.2 $97.5 $ 81.1
------- ----- -------
------- ----- -------
</TABLE>
F-27
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The federal income taxes attributable to the consolidated results of operations
are different from the amounts determined by multiplying income before federal
income taxes by the expected federal income tax rate. The sources of the
difference and the tax effects of each were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Expected federal income tax expense......................... $100.9 $131.8 $122.3
Tax-exempt interest..................................... (38.9) (37.9) (35.3)
Differential earnings amount............................ -- -- (10.2)
Dividend received deduction............................. (5.1) (3.2) (1.6)
Changes in tax reserve estimates........................ 2.3 7.8 4.7
Tax credits............................................. (8.5) (2.7)
Other, net.............................................. 1.5 1.7 1.2
------ ------ ------
Federal income tax expense.................................. $ 52.2 $ 97.5 $ 81.1
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
Until conversion to a stock life insurance company, FAFLIC, as a mutual company,
reduced its deduction for policyholder dividends by the differential earnings
amount. This amount was computed, for each tax year, by multiplying the average
equity base of the FAFLIC/AFLIAC consolidated group, as determined for tax
purposes, by the estimate of an excess of an imputed earnings rate over the
average mutual life insurance companies' earnings rate. The differential
earnings amount for each tax year was subsequently recomputed when actual
earnings rates were published by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The
differential earnings amount included in 1996 related to an adjustment for the
1994 tax year based on the actual mutual life insurance companies' earnings rate
issued by the IRS in 1996. As a stock life company, FAFLIC is no longer required
to reduce its policyholder dividend deduction by the differential earnings
amount.
The deferred income tax (asset) liability represents the tax effects of
temporary differences attributable to the Company's consolidated federal tax
return group. Its components were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax (assets) liabilities
AMT carryforwards....................................... $ (16.8) $ (15.6)
Loss reserve discounting................................ (406.6) (391.6)
Deferred acquisition costs.............................. 345.8 291.8
Employee benefit plans.................................. (45.3) (48.0)
Investments, net........................................ 121.7 175.4
Bad debt reserve........................................ (1.8) (14.3)
Litigation reserve...................................... (10.9) --
Other, net.............................................. (5.5) 15.2
-------- --------
Deferred tax (asset) liability, net......................... $ (19.4) $ 12.9
-------- --------
-------- --------
</TABLE>
Gross deferred income tax assets totaled $486.9 million and $469.5 million at
December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Gross deferred income tax liabilities
totaled $467.5 million and $482.4 million at December 31, 1998 and 1997,
respectively.
The Company believes, based on the its recent earnings history and its future
expectations, that the Company's taxable income in future years will be
sufficient to realize all deferred tax assets. In determining the adequacy of
future income, the Company considered the future reversal of its existing
temporary differences and available tax planning strategies that could be
implemented, if necessary. At December 31, 1998, there are available alternative
minimum tax credit carryforwards of $16.8 million.
F-28
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The Company's federal income tax returns are routinely audited by the IRS, and
provisions are routinely made in the financial statements in anticipation of the
results of these audits. The IRS has examined the FAFLIC/ AFLIAC consolidated
group's federal income tax returns through 1994. The IRS has also examined the
former Allmerica P&C consolidated group's federal income tax returns through
1991. The Company has appealed certain adjustments proposed by the IRS with
respect to the federal income tax returns for 1992,1993 and 1994 for the
FAFLIC/AFLIAC consolidated group. Also, certain adjustments proposed by the IRS
with respect to FAFLIC/ AFLIAC's federal income tax returns for 1982 and 1983
remain unresolved. If upheld, these adjustments would result in additional
payments; however, the Company will vigorously defend its position with respect
to these adjustments. In the Company's opinion, adequate tax liabilities have
been established for all years. However, the amount of these tax liabilities
could be revised in the near term if estimates of the Company's ultimate
liability are revised.
9. PENSION PLANS
FAFLIC provides retirement benefits to substantially all of its employees under
a defined benefit pension plan. This plan is based on a defined benefit cash
balance formula, whereby the Company annually provides an allocation to each
eligible employee based on a percentage of that employee's salary, similar to a
defined contribution plan arrangement. The 1998, 1997 and 1996 allocations were
based on 7.0% of each eligible employee's salary. In addition to the cash
balance allocation, certain transition group employees, who have met specified
age and service requirements as of December 31, 1994, are eligible for a
grandfathered benefit based primarily on the employees' years of service and
compensation during their highest five consecutive plan years of employment. The
Company's policy for the plans is to fund at least the minimum amount required
by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Service cost -- benefits earned during the year............. $ 19.0 $ 19.9 $ 19.0
Interest cost............................................... 25.5 23.5 21.9
Expected return on plan assets.............................. (34.9) (31.2) (28.3)
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)........................ 0.4 0.1 (0.4)
Amortization of transition asset............................ (1.8) (1.9) (1.9)
Amortization of prior service cost.......................... (1.7) (2.0) (2.3)
------- ------- -------
Net periodic pension cost................................... $ 6.5 $ 8.4 $ 8.0
------- ------- -------
------- ------- -------
</TABLE>
F-29
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes the status of the pension plan. At December 31,
1998 and 1997 the plan's assets exceeded its projected benefit obligations.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Change in benefit obligations:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year....... $370.4 $344.2
Service cost -- benefits earned during the year......... 19.0 19.9
Interest cost........................................... 25.5 23.5
Actuarial losses........................................ 20.4 0.3
Benefits paid........................................... (21.1) (17.5)
------ ------
Projected benefit obligation at end of year............. $414.2 $370.4
------ ------
------ ------
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year.......... $395.5 $347.8
Actual return on plan assets............................ 67.2 65.2
Benefits paid........................................... (21.1) (17.5)
------ ------
Fair value of plan assets at end of year................ 441.6 395.5
------ ------
Funded status of the plan............................... 27.4 25.1
Unrecognized transition obligation...................... (23.9) (26.2)
Unamortized prior service cost.......................... (11.0) (13.9)
Unrecognized net actuarial gains........................ (54.9) (44.9)
------ ------
Net pension liability............................... $(62.4) $(59.9)
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
As a result of AFC's merger with APY, certain pension liabilities were reduced
by $11.7 million in 1997, to reflect their fair value as of the purchase date.
These pension liabilities were reduced by $10.3 million in 1998, which reflects
fair value, net of applicable amortization. Determination of the projected
benefit obligations was based on a weighted average discount rate of 6.5% and
7.0% in 1998 and 1997, respectively, and the assumed long-term rate of return on
plan assets was 9.0% in both 1998 and 1997. The actuarial present value of the
projected benefit obligations was determined using assumed rates of increase in
future compensation levels ranging from 5.0% to 5.5%. Plan assets are invested
primarily in various separate accounts and the general account of FAFLIC. Plan
assets also include 973,262 shares of AFC Common Stock at both December 31, 1998
and 1997, with a market value of $56.3 million and $48.6 million at December 31,
1998 and 1997, respectively.
The Company has a defined contribution 401(k) plan for its employees, whereby
the Company matches employee elective 401(k) contributions, up to a maximum
percentage determined annually by the Board of Directors. During 1998, 1997 and
1996, the Company matched 50% of employees' contributions up to 6.0% of eligible
compensation. The total expenses related to this plan was $5.6 million, $3.3
million and $5.5 million, in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. In addition to
this plan, the Company has a defined contribution plan for substantially all of
its agents. The Plan expense in 1998, 1997 and 1996 was $3.0 million, $2.8
million and $2.0 million, respectively.
On January 1, 1998, substantially all of the aforementioned defined benefit and
defined contribution 401k plans were merged with the existing benefit plans of
FAFLIC. The merger of benefit plans resulted in a $5.9 million change of
interest adjustment to additional paid in capital during 1998. The change of
interest adjustment arose from FAFLIC's forgiveness of certain Allmerica P&C
benefit plan liabilities attributable to Allmerica P&C's minority interest.
F-30
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
10. OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
In addition to the Company's pension plans, the Company currently provides
postretirement medical and death benefits to certain full-time employees and
dependents, under several plans sponsored by FAFLIC. Generally, employees become
eligible at age 55 with at least 15 years of service. Spousal coverage is
generally provided for up to two years after death of the retiree. Benefits
include hospital, major medical, and a payment at death equal to retirees' final
compensation up to certain limits. Effective January 1, 1996, the Company
revised these benefits so as to establish limits on future benefit payments and
to restrict eligibility to current employees. The medical plans have varying
copayments and deductibles, depending on the plan. These plans are unfunded.
The plan changes, effective January 1, 1996, resulted in a negative plan
amendment (change in eligibility and medical benefits) of $26.8 million and
curtailment (no future increases in life insurance) of $5.3 million. The
negative plan amendment will be amortized as prior service cost over the average
number of years to full eligibility (approximately 9 years or $3.0 million per
year). Of the $5.3 million curtailment gain, $3.3 million has been deducted from
unrecognized loss and $2.0 million has been recorded as a reduction of the net
periodic postretirement benefit expense.
The plans' funded status reconciled with amounts recognized in the Company's
consolidated balance sheet were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Change in benefit obligation:
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at
beginning of year..................................... $ 71.8 $ 72.3
Service cost............................................ 3.1 3.0
Interest cost........................................... 5.1 4.6
Actuarial losses........................................ 7.6 (4.7)
Benefits paid........................................... (3.6) (3.4)
------ ------
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at end of
year.................................................. 84.0 71.8
Fair value of plan assets at end of year................ -- --
------ ------
Funded status of the plan............................... (84.0) (71.8)
Unamortized prior service cost.......................... (12.9) (15.3)
Unrecognized net actuarial losses....................... 7.5 0.8
------ ------
Accumulated postretirement benefit costs................ $(89.4) $(86.3)
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
The components of net periodic postretirement benefit expense were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Service cost................................................ $ 3.1 $ 3.0 $ 3.2
Interest cost............................................... 5.1 4.6 4.6
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)........................ 0.1 (0.1) 0.2
Amortization of prior service cost.......................... (2.4) (2.7) (3.0)
------ ------ ------
Net periodic postretirement benefit cost.................... $ 5.9 $ 4.8 $ 5.0
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
As a result of AFC's merger with APY in 1997, certain postretirement liabilities
were reduced by $6.1 million to reflect their fair value as of the purchase
date. These postretirement liabilities were reduced by $5.4 million in 1998,
which reflects fair value, net of applicable amortization.
F-31
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
For purposes of measuring the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at
December 31, 1998, health care costs were assumed to increase 7.0% in 1999,
declining thereafter until the ultimate rate of 5.5% is reached in 2001 and
remains at that level thereafter. The health care cost trend rate assumption has
a significant effect on the amounts reported. For example, increasing the
assumed health care cost trend rates by one percentage point in each year would
increase the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 1998
by $5.7 million, and the aggregate of the service and interest cost components
of net periodic postretirement benefit expense for 1998 by $0.7 million.
Conversely, decreasing the assumed health care cost trend rates by one
percentage point in each year would decrease the accumulated postretirement
benefit obligation at December 31, 1998 by $5.2 million, and the aggregate of
the service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement benefit
expense for 1998 by $0.6 million.
The weighted-average discount rate used in determining the accumulated
postretirement benefit obligation was 6.5% and 7.0% at December 31, 1998 and
1997. In addition, the actuarial present value of the accumulated postretirement
benefit obligation was determined using an assumed rate of increase in future
compensation levels of 5.5% for FAFLIC agents.
On January 1, 1998, substantially all of the aforementioned postretirement
medical and death benefits plans were merged with the existing benefit plans of
FAFLIC. The merger of benefit plans resulted in a $3.8 million change of
interest adjustment to additional paid in capital during 1998. The change of
interest adjustment arose from FAFLIC's forgiveness of certain Allmerica P&C
benefit plan liabilities attributable to Allmerica P&C's minority interest.
11. DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS
Massachusetts, Delaware, New Hampshire and Michigan have enacted laws governing
the payment of dividends to stockholders by insurers. These laws affect the
dividend paying ability of FAFLIC, AFLIAC, Hanover and Citizens, respectively.
Dividends from FAFLIC and Allmerica P&C (Hanover) are the primary source of cash
flow for AFC.
Massachusetts' statute limits the dividends an insurer may pay in any twelve
month period, without the prior permission of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Insurance Commissioner, to the greater of (i) 10% of its statutory policyholder
surplus as of the preceding December 31 or (ii) the individual company's
statutory net gain from operations for the preceding calendar year (if such
insurer is a life company), or its net income for the preceding calendar year
(if such insurer is not a life company). In addition, under Massachusetts law,
no domestic insurer shall pay a dividend or make any distribution to its
shareholders from other than unassigned funds unless the Commissioner shall have
approved such dividend or distribution. During 1998, FAFLIC paid dividends of
$50.0 million to AFC. No dividends were declared by FAFLIC to AFC during 1997 or
1996 During 1999, FAFLIC could pay dividends of $116.4 million to AFC without
prior approval of the Commissioner.
Pursuant to Delaware's statute, the maximum amount of dividends and other
distributions that an insurer may pay in any twelve month period, without the
prior approval of the Delaware Commissioner of Insurance, is limited to the
greater of (i) 10% of its policyholders' surplus as of the preceding December 31
or (ii) the individual company's statutory net gain from operations for the
preceding calendar year (if such insurer is a life company) or its net income
(not including realized capital gains) for the preceding calendar year (if such
insurer is not a life company). Any dividends to be paid by an insurer, whether
or not in excess of the aforementioned threshold, from a source other than
statutory earned surplus would also require the prior approval of the Delaware
Commissioner of Insurance. No dividends were declared by AFLIAC to FAFLIC during
1998, 1997 or 1996. During 1999, AFLIAC could pay dividends of $26.1 million to
FAFLIC without prior approval.
F-32
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Pursuant to New Hampshire's statute, the maximum dividends and other
distributions that an insurer may pay in any twelve month period, without the
prior approval of the New Hampshire Insurance Commissioner, is limited to 10% of
such insurer's statutory policyholder surplus as of the preceding December 31.
Hanover declared dividends to Allmerica P&C totaling, $125.0 million, $120.0
million and $105.0 million during 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. During
1999, the maximum dividend and other distributions that could be paid to
Allmerica P&C by Hanover, without prior approval of the Insurance Commissioner,
is approximately $1.6 million, which considers an extraordinary dividend of
$125.0 million declared on March 12, 1998. The allowable dividend without prior
approval will increase to $126.6 million on March 12, 1999.
Pursuant to Michigan's statute, the maximum dividends and other distributions
that an insurer may pay in any twelve month period, without prior approval of
the Michigan Insurance Commissioner, is limited to the greater of 10% of
policyholders' surplus as of December 31 of the immediately preceding year or
the statutory net income less realized gains, for the immediately preceding
calendar year. Citizens Insurance paid dividends to Citizens Corporation
totaling $200.0 million and $6.3 million during 1998 and 1996, respectively. A
$180.0 million extraordinary dividend was approved by the Commissioner in 1998.
No dividends were declared by Citizens Insurance during 1997. During 1999,
Citizens Insurance can declare no dividends to Citizens Corporation without
prior approval of the Michigan Insurance Commissioner as a result of the $180.0
million extraordinary dividend declared on December 21, 1998.
12. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company offers financial products and services in two major areas: Risk
Management and Retirement and Asset Accumulation. Within these broad areas, the
Company conducts business principally in four operating segments.
Effective January 1, 1998, the Company adopted Statement No. 131. Upon adoption,
the separate financial information of each segment was re-defined consistent
with the way results are regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision
maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. A
summary of the significant changes in reportable segments is included below.
The Risk Management group includes two segments: Property and Casualty and
Corporate Risk Management Services. The Property and Casualty segment includes
property and casualty insurance products, such as automobile insurance,
homeowners insurance, commercial multiple peril insurance, and workers'
compensation insurance. These products are offered by Allmerica P&C through its
operating subsidiaries, Hanover and Citizens. Substantially all of the Property
and Casualty segment's earnings are generated in Michigan and the Northeast
(Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,
Vermont and Maine). The Corporate Risk Management Services segment includes
group life and health insurance products and services which assist employers in
administering employee benefit programs and in managing the related risks.
The Retirement and Asset Accumulation group includes two segments: Allmerica
Financial Services and Allmerica Asset Management. The Allmerica Financial
Services segment includes variable annuities, variable universal life and
traditional life insurance products distributed via retail channels as well as
group retirement products, such as defined benefit and 401(k) plans and
tax-sheltered annuities distributed to institutions. Through its Allmerica Asset
Management segment, the Company offers its customers the option of investing in
three types of GICs; the traditional GIC, the synthetic GIC and the floating
rate GIC. This segment is also a Registered Investment Advisor providing
investment advisory services, primarily to affiliates, and to other
institutions, such as insurance companies and pension plans. In addition to the
four operating segments, the Company has a Corporate segment, which consists
primarily of cash, investments, corporate debt, Capital Securities and corporate
overhead expenses. Corporate overhead expenses reflect costs not attributable to
a
F-33
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
particular segment, such as those generated by certain officers and directors,
Corporate Technology, Corporate Finance, Human Resources and the legal
department.
Significant changes to the Company's segmentation include a reclassification of
corporate overhead expenses from each operating segment into the Corporate
segment. Additionally, certain products (group retirement products, such as
401(k) plans and tax-sheltered annuities, group variable universal life) and
certain other non-insurance operations (telemarketing and trust services)
previously reported in the Allmerica Financial Institutional Services segment
were combined with the Allmerica Financial Services segment. Also, the Company
reclassified the GIC product line previously reported in the Allmerica Financial
Institutional Services segment into the Allmerica Asset Management segment.
Management evaluates the results of the aforementioned segments based on pre-tax
segment income. Pre-tax segment income is determined by adjusting net income for
net realized investment gains and losses, net gains and losses on disposals of
businesses, extraordinary items, the cumulative effect of accounting changes and
certain other items which management believes are not indicative of overall
operating trends. While these items may be significant components in
understanding and assessing the Company's financial performance, management
believes that the presentation of pre-tax segment income enhances its
understanding of the Company's results of operations by highlighting net income
attributable to the normal, recurring operations of the business. However,
pre-tax segment income should not be construed as a substitute for net income
determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Summarized below is financial information with respect to business segments:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Segment revenues:
Risk Management
Property and Casualty................................... $2,204.8 $2,211.0 $2,145.8
Corporate Risk Management Services...................... 412.9 405.4 370.7
-------- -------- --------
Subtotal............................................ 2,617.7 2,616.4 2,516.5
-------- -------- --------
Retirement and Asset Accumulation
Allmerica Financial Services............................ 721.2 709.7 700.0
Allmerica Asset Management.............................. 121.7 91.1 110.5
-------- -------- --------
Subtotal............................................ 842.9 800.8 810.5
-------- -------- --------
Corporate................................................. 2.3 5.5 5.2
Intersegment revenues..................................... (7.6) (11.6) (13.8)
-------- -------- --------
Total segment revenues including Closed Block........... 3,455.2 3,411.1 3,318.4
-------- -------- --------
Adjustment to segment revenues:
Adjustment for Closed Block............................. (98.4) (102.6) (105.7)
Net realized gains...................................... 62.6 75.6 66.8
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues...................................... $3,419.4 $3,384.2 $3,279.5
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
F-34
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Segment income (loss) before income taxes and minority
interest:
Risk Management
Property and Casualty................................... $151.4 $172.9 $170.7
Corporate Risk Management Services...................... 7.8 27.0 28.3
------ ------ ------
Subtotal............................................ 159.2 199.9 199.0
------ ------ ------
Retirement and Asset Accumulation
Allmerica Financial Services............................ 166.6 134.6 106.8
Allmerica Asset Management.............................. 23.7 18.4 11.5
------ ------ ------
Subtotal............................................ 190.3 153.0 118.3
------ ------ ------
Corporate................................................. (45.3) (44.6) (36.6)
------ ------ ------
Segment income before income taxes and minority
interest.............................................. 304.2 308.3 280.7
------ ------ ------
Adjustments to segment income:
Net realized investment gains, net of amortization...... 53.9 78.7 69.6
Sales practice litigation expense....................... (31.0) -- --
Loss on exiting reinsurance pools....................... (25.3)
Gain from change in mortality assumptions............... -- 47.0 --
Loss on cession of disability income business........... -- (53.9) --
Restructuring costs..................................... (13.0) -- --
Other items............................................. (.7) (3.2) (1.1)
------ ------ ------
Income before taxes and minority interest................. $288.1 $376.9 $349.2
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- -------- ------
DEFERRED
ACQUISITION
IDENTIFIABLE ASSETS COSTS
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Risk Management
Property and Casualty................................... $ 5,649.0 $ 5,650.4 $ 164.9 $167.2
Corporate Risk Management Services...................... 567.8 619.8 2.6 2.9
--------- --------- -------- ------
Subtotal............................................ 6,216.8 6,270.2 167.5 170.1
Retirement and Asset Accumulation
Allmerica Financial Services............................ 19,407.3 15,159.2 993.1 794.5
Allmerica Asset Management.............................. 1,810.9 1,035.1 0.6 0.9
--------- --------- -------- ------
Subtotal............................................ 21,218.2 16,194.3 993.7 795.4
Corporate............................................... 29.6 26.9 -- --
--------- --------- -------- ------
Total............................................... $27,464.6 $22,491.4 $1,161.2 $965.5
--------- --------- -------- ------
--------- --------- -------- ------
</TABLE>
13. LEASE COMMITMENTS
Rental expenses for operating leases, principally with respect to buildings,
amounted to $34.9 million, $33.6 million and $34.9 million in 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively. At December 31, 1998, future minimum rental payments under
non-cancelable operating leases were approximately $73.5 million, payable as
follows: 1999 -- $28.6 million; 2000 -- $21.0 million; 2001 -- $13.8 million;
2002 -- $6.9 million; and $3.2 million thereafter. It is expected that, in the
normal course of business, leases that expire will be renewed or replaced by
leases on other property and equipment; thus, it is anticipated that future
minimum lease commitments will not be less than the amounts shown for 1999.
F-35
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
14. REINSURANCE
In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to reduce the loss that may
arise from catastrophes or other events that cause unfavorable underwriting
results by reinsuring certain levels of risk in various areas of exposure with
other insurance enterprises or reinsurers. Reinsurance transactions are
accounted for in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 113, "Accounting and
Reporting for Reinsurance of Short Duration and Long Duration Contracts".
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with
the claim liability associated with the reinsured policy. Reinsurance contracts
do not relieve the Company from its obligations to policyholders. Failure of
reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company;
consequently, allowances are established for amounts deemed uncollectible. The
Company determines the appropriate amount of reinsurance based on evaluation of
the risks accepted and analyses prepared by consultants and reinsurers and on
market conditions (including the availability and pricing of reinsurance). The
Company also believes that the terms of its reinsurance contracts are consistent
with industry practice in that they contain standard terms with respect to lines
of business covered, limit and retention, arbitration and occurrence. Based on
its review of its reinsurers' financial statements and reputations in the
reinsurance marketplace, the Company believes that its reinsurers are
financially sound.
The Company is subject to concentration of risk with respect to reinsurance
ceded to various residual market mechanisms. As a condition to the ability to
conduct certain business in various states, the Company is required to
participate in various residual market mechanisms and pooling arrangements which
provide various insurance coverages to individuals or other entities that are
otherwise unable to purchase such coverage voluntarily provided by private
insurers. These market mechanisms and pooling arrangements include the
Massachusetts Commonwealth Automobile Reinsurers ("CAR"), the Maine Workers'
Compensation Residual Market Pool ("MWCRP") and the Michigan Catastrophic Claims
Association ("MCCA"). At December 31, 1998, CAR was the only reinsurer which
represented 10% or more of the Company's reinsurance business. As a servicing
carrier in Massachusetts, the Company cedes a significant portion of its private
passenger and commercial automobile premiums to CAR. Net premiums earned and
losses and loss adjustment expenses ceded to CAR in 1998, 1997 and 1996 were
$34.3 million and $38.1 million, $32.3 million and $28.2 million, and $38.0
million and $21.8 million, respectively. The Company ceded to MCCA premiums
earned and losses and loss adjustment expenses in 1998, 1997 and 1996 of $3.7
million and $18.0 million, $9.8 million and $(0.8) million, and $50.5 million
and $(52.9) million, respectively.
On June 2, 1998, the Company recorded a $124.2 million one-time reduction of its
direct and ceded written premiums as a result of a return of excess surplus from
MCCA. This transaction had no impact on the total net premiums recorded by the
Company in 1998.
Because the MCCA is supported by assessments permitted by statute, and all
amounts billed by the Company to CAR, MWCRP and MCCA have been paid when due,
the Company believes that it has no significant exposure to uncollectible
reinsurance balances.
F-36
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The effects of reinsurance were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Life and accident and health insurance premiums:
Direct.................................................. $ 416.6 $ 417.4 $ 389.1
Assumed................................................. 111.9 110.7 87.8
Ceded................................................... (189.8) (170.1) (138.9)
---------- -------- --------
Net premiums................................................ $ 338.7 $ 358.0 $ 338.0
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
Property and casualty premiums written:
Direct.................................................. $1,969.3 $2,068.5 $2,039.7
Assumed................................................. 58.8 103.1 108.7
Ceded................................................... (74.1) (179.8) (234.0)
---------- -------- --------
Net premiums................................................ $1,954.0 $1,991.8 $1,914.4
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
Property and casualty premiums earned:
Direct.................................................. $1,966.8 $2,046.2 $2,018.5
Assumed................................................. 64.5 102.0 112.4
Ceded................................................... (66.1) (195.1) (232.6)
---------- -------- --------
Net premiums................................................ $1,965.2 $1,953.1 $1,898.3
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
Life insurance and other individual policy benefits, claims,
losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Direct.................................................. $ 653.6 $ 656.4 $ 606.5
Assumed................................................. 67.9 61.6 44.9
Ceded................................................... (164.0) (158.8) (77.8)
---------- -------- --------
Net policy benefits, claims, losses and loss adjustment
expenses................................................... $ 557.5 $ 559.2 $ 573.6
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
Property and casualty benefits, claims, losses and loss
adjustment expenses:
Direct.................................................. $1,588.3 $1,464.9 $1,299.8
Assumed................................................. 62.7 101.2 85.8
Ceded................................................... (158.2) (120.6) (2.2)
---------- -------- --------
Net policy benefits, claims, losses, and loss adjustment
expenses................................................... $1,492.8 $1,445.5 $1,383.4
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
15. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS
The following reflects changes to the deferred policy acquisition asset:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at beginning of year................................ $ 965.5 $ 822.7 $ 735.7
Acquisition expenses deferred........................... 641.2 617.7 547.4
Amortized to expense during the year.................... (452.8) (476.0) (470.1)
Adjustment to equity during the year.................... 7.3 (11.1) 9.7
Adjustment for cession of disability income insurance... -- (38.6) --
Adjustment for revision of universal and variable
universal life insurance mortality assumptions........ -- 50.8 --
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year...................................... $1,161.2 $ 965.5 $ 822.7
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
F-37
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
At October 1, 1997, the Company revised the mortality assumptions for universal
life and variable universal life product lines. These revisions resulted in a
$50.8 million recapitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs.
16. LIABILITIES FOR OUTSTANDING CLAIMS, LOSSES AND
LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
The Company regularly updates its estimates of liabilities for outstanding
claims, losses and loss adjustment expenses as new information becomes available
and further events occur which may impact the resolution of unsettled claims for
its property and casualty and its accident and health lines of business. Changes
in prior estimates are recorded in results of operations in the year such
changes are determined to be needed.
The liability for future policy benefits and outstanding claims, losses and loss
adjustment expenses related to the Company's accident and health business was
$568.0 million, $533.6 million and $471.7 million at December 31, 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively. Accident and health claim liabilities were re-estimated for
all prior years and were increased by $14.6 million in 1998, and decreased by
$0.2 million and $0.6 million in 1997 and 1996, respectively. The increase in
1998 resulted from the Company's reserve strengthening primarily in the assumed
reinsurance and stop loss only business.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending
property and casualty reserve for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
(LAE):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Reserve for losses and LAE, beginning of the year........... $2,615.4 $2,744.1 $2,896.0
Incurred losses and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverable:
Provision for insured events of the current year........ 1,609.0 1,564.1 1,513.3
Decrease in provision for insured events of prior
years................................................. (127.2) (127.9) (141.4)
-------- -------- --------
Total incurred losses and LAE............................... 1,481.8 1,436.2 1,371.9
-------- -------- --------
Payments, net of reinsurance recoverable:
Losses and LAE attributable to insured events of current
year.................................................. 871.9 775.1 759.6
Losses and LAE attributable to insured events of prior
years................................................. 643.0 732.1 627.6
-------- -------- --------
Total payments.............................................. 1,514.9 1,507.2 1,387.2
-------- -------- --------
Change in reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses.......... 15.0 (50.2) (136.6)
-------- -------- --------
Other (1)................................................... -- (7.5) --
-------- -------- --------
Reserve for losses and LAE, end of year..................... $2,597.3 $2,615.4 $2,744.1
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
(1) Includes purchase accounting adjustments.
As part of an ongoing process, the property and casualty reserves have been
re-estimated for all prior accident years and were decreased by $127.2 million,
$127.9 million and $141.1 million in 1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively.
The decrease in favorable development on prior years' reserves of $0.7 million
in 1998 results from a $20.7 million decrease in favorable development at
Citizens, significantly offset by a $20.0 million increase in favorable
development at Hanover. The decrease in favorable development on prior year
reserves at Citizens in 1998, reflects a $13.8 million decrease in favorable
development, to $21.9 million, in the workers' compensation line. In addition,
favorable development in the commercial multiple peril line decreased $4.0
million, to
F-38
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
$0.3 million. These declines in favorable development are partially offset by
continued favorable development on prior year reserves in the personal
automobile line due to tort reform in Michigan, which became effective July 26,
1996. The new legislation requires judges rather than juries to determine if the
minimum threshold to allow pain and suffering damage settlements has been met.
The increase in favorable development at Hanover during 1998 reflects a $20.6
million increase in favorable development on prior year reserves, to $38.0
million, in the personal automobile line, as well as a $14.9 million increase to
$12.1 million in the commercial multiple peril line. These increases are
primarily attributable to the initiatives taken by the Company over the past two
years which are expected to reduce ultimate settlement costs. These increases
are partially offset by less favorable development in the workers' compensation
line where favorable development on prior year reserves decreased $19.2 million,
to $9.6 million.
The decrease in favorable development on prior years' reserves of $13.5 million
in 1997 results primarily from a $24.6 million decrease in favorable development
at Hanover to $58.4 million, partially offset by an $11.1 million increase in
favorable development at Citizens to $69.5 million. The decrease in Hanover's
favorable development of $24.6 million in 1997 reflects a decrease in favorable
development of $25.0 million, to $17.4 million, in the personal automobile line
as well as a decrease in favorable development of $8.5 million, to unfavorable
development of $2.8 million, in the commercial multiple peril line. These
decreases were partially offset by an increase in favorable development in the
workers' compensation line of $11.5 million, to $28.8 million. The increase in
favorable development at Citizens in 1997, reflects improved severity in the
workers' compensation line where favorable development increased $13.9 million,
to $35.7 million, and in the commercial multiple peril line where favorable
development increased $7.0 million, to $4.3 million. These increases are
partially offset by less favorable development in the personal automobile line,
where favorable development decreased $10.5 million, to $22.5 million in 1997.
This favorable development reflects the Regional Property and Casualty
subsidiaries' reserving philosophy consistently applied over these periods.
Conditions and trends that have affected development of the loss and LAE
reserves in the past may not necessarily occur in the future.
Due to the nature of the business written by the Regional Property and Casualty
subsidiaries, the exposure to environmental liabilities is relatively small and
therefore their reserves are relatively small compared to other types of
liabilities. Loss and LAE reserves related to environmental damage and toxic
tort liability, included in the total reserve for losses and LAE were $49.9
million, $53.1 million and $50.8 million, net of reinsurance of $14.2 million,
$15.7 million and $20.2 million in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. The
Regional Property and Casualty subsidiaries do not specifically underwrite
policies that include this coverage, but as case law expands policy provisions
and insurers' liability beyond the intended coverage, the Regional Property and
Casualty subsidiaries may be required to defend such claims. The Company
estimated its ultimate liability for these claims based upon currently known
facts, reasonable assumptions where the facts are not known, current law and
methodologies currently available. Although these claims are not material, their
existence gives rise to uncertainty and is discussed because of the possibility,
however remote, that they may become material. The Company believes that,
notwithstanding the evolution of case law expanding liability in environmental
claims, recorded reserves related to these claims are adequate. In addition, the
Company is not aware of any litigation or pending claims that may result in
additional material liabilities in excess of recorded reserves. The
environmental liability could be revised in the near term if the estimates used
in determining the liability are revised.
17. MINORITY INTEREST
The Company's interest in Allmerica P&C is represented by ownership of 70.0%,
65.8% and 59.5% of the outstanding shares of common stock at December 31, 1998,
1997 and 1996, respectively. Earnings and
F-39
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
shareholder's equity attributable to minority shareholders are included in
minority interest in the consolidated financial statements.
18. CONTINGENCIES
REGULATORY AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS
Unfavorable economic conditions may contribute to an increase in the number of
insurance companies that are under regulatory supervision. This may result in an
increase in mandatory assessments by state guaranty funds, or voluntary payments
by solvent insurance companies to cover losses to policyholders of insolvent or
rehabilitated companies. Mandatory assessments, which are subject to statutory
limits, can be partially recovered through a reduction in future premium taxes
in some states. The Company is not able to reasonably estimate the potential
effect on it of any such future assessments or voluntary payments.
LITIGATION
In July 1997, a lawsuit on behalf of a putative class was instituted in
Louisiana against AFC and certain of its subsidiaries, including FAFLIC, by
individual plaintiffs alleging fraud, unfair or deceptive acts, breach of
contract, misrepresentation, and related claims in the sale of life insurance
policies. In October 1997, the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the Louisiana
suit and filed a substantially similar action in Federal District Court in
Worcester, Massachusetts. In early November 1998, the Company and the plaintiffs
entered into a settlement agreement, to which the court granted preliminary
approval on December 4, 1998. A hearing was held on March 19, 1999 to consider
final approval of the settlement agreement. A decision by the court is expected
to be rendered in the near future. Accordingly, FAFLIC recognized a $31.0
million pre-tax expense during the third quarter of 1998 related to this
litigation. Although the Company believes that this expense reflects appropriate
recognition of its obligation under the settlement, this estimate assumes the
availability of insurance coverage for certain claims, and the estimate may be
revised based on the amount of reimbursement actually tendered by AFC's
insurance carriers, if any, and based on changes in the Company's estimate of
the ultimate cost of the benefits to be provided to members of the class.
The Company has been named a defendant in various other legal proceedings
arising in the normal course of business. In the Company's opinion, based on the
advice of legal counsel, the ultimate resolution of these proceedings will not
have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
However, liabilities related to these proceedings could be established in the
near term if estimates of the ultimate resolution of these proceedings are
revised.
RESIDUAL MARKETS
The Company is required to participate in residual markets in various states.
The results of the residual markets are not subject to the predictability
associated with the Company's own managed business, and are significant to the
workers' compensation line of business and both the private passenger and
commercial automobile lines of business.
YEAR 2000
The Year 2000 issue is the result of computer programs being written using two
digits rather than four to define the applicable year. Any of the Company's
computer programs that have date-sensitive software may recognize a date using
"00" as the year 1900 rather than the year 2000. This could result in a system
failure or miscalculations causing disruptions of operations, including, among
other things, a temporary inability to process transactions, send invoices, or
engage in similar normal business activities.
F-40
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Although the Company does not believe that there is a material contingency
associated with the Year 2000 project, there can be no assurance that exposure
for material contingencies will not arise.
19. STATUTORY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The Company and its insurance subsidiaries are required to file annual
statements with state regulatory authorities prepared on an accounting basis
prescribed or permitted by such authorities (statutory basis). Statutory surplus
differs from shareholder's equity reported in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles primarily because policy acquisition costs are expensed
when incurred, investment reserves are based on different assumptions,
postretirement benefit costs are based on different assumptions and reflect a
different method of adoption, life insurance reserves are based on different
assumptions and income tax expense reflects only taxes paid or currently
payable. Statutory net income and surplus are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Statutory Net Income (Combined)
Property and Casualty Companies......................... $ 180.7 $ 190.3 $ 155.5
Life and Health Companies............................... 86.4 191.2 133.3
Statutory Shareholder's Surplus (Combined)
Property and Casualty Companies......................... $1,269.3 $1,279.6 $1,201.6
Life and Health Companies............................... 1,164.1 1,221.3 1,120.1
</TABLE>
20. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On April 1, 1999, Allmerica P&C redeemed an additional 3,246.8 shares of its
issued and outstanding common stock owned by AFC for $125.0 million, thereby
increasing FAFLIC's ownership of Allmerica P&C by 4.8%. The 1999 transaction
consisted of $75.4 million of securities and $49.6 million of cash.
F-41
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors of First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company
and the Policyowners of the Group VEL Account of First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company
In our opinion, the accompanying statements of assets and liabilities, and the
related statements of operations and changes in net assets present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of each of the Sub-Accounts
constituting the Group VEL Account of First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance
Company at December 31, 1998, the results of each of their operations and the
changes in each of their net assets for each of the three years in the period
then ended, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. These
financial statements are the responsibility of First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on
these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these
financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards
which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance
about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An
audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits, which included
confirmation of securities at December 31, 1998 by correspondence with the
Funds, provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
March 26, 1999
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
DECEMBER 31, 1998
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INVESTMENT MONEY EQUITY GOVERNMENT
GROWTH GRADE INCOME MARKET INDEX BOND
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Investments in shares of Allmerica
Investment Trust........................... $ 429 $ 271 $ 242 $ 503 $ 258
Investments in shares of Fidelity Variable
Insurance Products Funds (VIP)............. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of T. Rowe Price
International Series, Inc.................. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of Delaware Group
Premium Fund, Inc.......................... -- -- -- -- --
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
Total assets.............................. 429 271 242 503 258
LIABILITIES: -- -- -- -- --
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
Net assets................................ $ 429 $ 271 $ 242 $ 503 $ 258
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
Net asset distribution by category:
Variable life policies.................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Value of investment by First Allmerica
Financial Life Insurance Company
(Sponsor)............................... 429 271 242 503 258
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
$ 429 $ 271 $ 242 $ 503 $ 258
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
Units outstanding, December 31, 1998........ 200 200 200 200 200
Net asset value per unit, December 31,
1998....................................... $2.145962 $1.356605 $1.210004 $2.516518 $1.290007
<CAPTION>
SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT
AGGRESSIVE SELECT GROWTH VALUE INTERNATIONAL
GROWTH GROWTH AND INCOME OPPORTUNITY* EQUITY
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Investments in shares of Allmerica
Investment Trust........................... $ 388 $ 523 $ 418 $ 372 $ 336
Investments in shares of Fidelity Variable
Insurance Products Funds (VIP)............. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of T. Rowe Price
International Series, Inc.................. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of Delaware Group
Premium Fund, Inc.......................... -- -- -- -- --
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
Total assets.............................. 388 523 418 372 336
LIABILITIES: -- -- -- -- --
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
Net assets................................ $ 388 $ 523 $ 418 $ 372 $ 336
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
Net asset distribution by category:
Variable life policies.................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Value of investment by First Allmerica
Financial Life Insurance Company
(Sponsor)............................... 388 523 418 372 336
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
$ 388 $ 523 $ 418 $ 372 $ 336
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
Units outstanding, December 31, 1998........ 200 200 200 200 200
Net asset value per unit, December 31,
1998....................................... $1.938832 $2.612654 $2.087608 $1.861037 $1.680427
</TABLE>
* Name changed. See Note 1.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-1
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FIDELITY
SELECT SELECT SELECT VIP FIDELITY
CAPITAL EMERGING STRATEGIC HIGH VIP
APPRECIATION MARKETS(a) GROWTH(a) INCOME EQUITY-INCOME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Investments in shares of
Allmerica Investment Trust... $ 394 $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Investments in shares of
Fidelity Variable Insurance
Products Funds (VIP)......... -- -- -- 284 393
Investment in shares of T.
Rowe Price International
Series, Inc.................. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of
Delaware Group Premium Fund,
Inc.......................... -- -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total assets................ 394 -- -- 284 393
LIABILITIES: -- -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net assets.................. $ 394 $ -- $ -- $ 284 $ 393
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net asset distribution by
category:
Variable life policies...... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Value of investment by First
Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company
(Sponsor)................. 394 -- -- 284 393
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
$ 394 $ -- $ -- $ 284 $ 393
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Units outstanding, December
31, 1998..................... 200 -- -- 200 200
Net asset value per unit,
December 31, 1998............ $1.972109 $1.000000 $1.000000 $1.420445 $1.964372
<CAPTION>
FIDELITY T. ROWE
FIDELITY FIDELITY VIP II PRICE DGPF
VIP VIP ASSET INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL
GROWTH OVERSEAS MANAGER STOCK(a) EQUITY
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Investments in shares of
Allmerica Investment Trust... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Investments in shares of
Fidelity Variable Insurance
Products Funds (VIP)......... 492 306 358 -- --
Investment in shares of T.
Rowe Price International
Series, Inc.................. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of
Delaware Group Premium Fund,
Inc.......................... -- -- -- -- 307
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total assets................ 492 306 358 -- 307
LIABILITIES: -- -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net assets.................. $ 492 $ 306 $ 358 $ -- $ 307
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net asset distribution by
category:
Variable life policies...... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Value of investment by First
Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company
(Sponsor)................. 492 306 358 -- 307
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
$ 492 $ 306 $ 358 $ -- $ 307
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Units outstanding, December
31, 1998..................... 200 200 200 -- 200
Net asset value per unit,
December 31, 1998............ $2.461978 $1.530786 $1.789209 $1.000000 $1.535924
</TABLE>
(a) For the period ended 12/31/98, there were no transactions.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-2
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INVESTMENT
GROWTH GRADE INCOME MONEY MARKET
------------------- ------------------- -------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ 4 $ 6 $ 5 $ 15 $ 15 $ 14 $ 12 $ 12 $ 11
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. 4 6 5 15 15 14 12 12 11
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 4 58 26 -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 4 58 26 -- -- -- -- -- --
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 61 9 17 5 6 (6) -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 65 67 43 5 6 (6) -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 69 73 48 20 21 8 12 12 11
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 69 73 48 20 21 8 12 12 11
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 360 287 239 251 230 222 230 218 207
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 429 $ 360 $ 287 $ 271 $ 251 $ 230 $ 242 $ 230 $ 218
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<CAPTION>
EQUITY INDEX GOVERNMENT BOND
----------------------- -----------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ 5 $ 4 $ 5 $ 14 $ 13 $ 13
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. 5 4 5 14 13 13
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 12 11 4 -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 12 11 4 -- -- --
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 94 81 45 4 3 (5)
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 106 92 49 4 3 (5)
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 111 96 54 18 16 8
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 111 96 54 18 16 8
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 392 296 242 240 224 216
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 503 $ 392 $ 296 $ 258 $ 240 $ 224
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-3
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SELECT SELECT
AGGRESSIVE GROWTH SELECT GROWTH GROWTH AND INCOME
------------------- ------------------- -------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 1 $ 1 $ 5 $ 4 $ 4
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. -- -- -- -- 1 1 5 4 4
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... -- 29 21 4 20 40 1 31 21
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... -- 29 21 4 20 40 1 31 21
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 37 27 25 133 77 11 53 31 26
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 37 56 46 137 97 51 54 62 47
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 37 56 46 137 98 52 59 66 51
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 37 56 46 137 98 52 59 66 51
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 351 295 249 386 288 236 359 293 242
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 388 $ 351 $ 295 $ 523 $ 386 $ 288 $ 418 $ 359 $ 293
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<CAPTION>
SELECT SELECT
VALUE OPPORTUNITY* INTERNATIONAL EQUITY
----------------------- -----------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ 3 $ 2 $ 2 $ 4 $ 7 $ 5
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. 3 2 2 4 7 5
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 1 47 12 -- 9 1
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 1 47 12 -- 9 1
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 13 22 49 43 (3) 44
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 14 69 61 43 6 45
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 17 71 63 47 13 50
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 17 71 63 47 13 50
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 355 284 221 289 276 226
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 372 $ 355 $ 284 $ 336 $ 289 $ 276
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
* Name changed. See Note 1.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-4
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SELECT
CAPITAL FIDELITY VIP FIDELITY VIP
APPRECIATION HIGH INCOME EQUITY-INCOME
------------------- ------------------- -------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 21 $ 18 $ 17 $ 5 $ 4 $ --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. -- -- -- 21 18 17 5 4 --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 60 -- 1 13 2 3 18 24 11
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 60 -- 1 13 2 3 18 24 11
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... (12) 43 23 (47) 25 11 18 49 23
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 48 43 24 (34) 27 14 36 73 34
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 48 43 24 (13) 45 31 41 77 34
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 48 43 24 (13) 45 31 41 77 34
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 346 303 279 297 252 221 352 275 241
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 394 $ 346 $ 303 $ 284 $ 297 $ 252 $ 393 $ 352 $ 275
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<CAPTION>
FIDELITY VIP FIDELITY VIP
GROWTH OVERSEAS
--------------------- ---------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ 2 $ 1 $ 1 $ 5 $ 5 $ 2
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. 2 1 1 5 5 2
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 47 9 17 16 17 3
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 47 9 17 16 17 3
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 90 57 19 13 7 23
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 137 66 36 29 24 26
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 139 67 37 34 29 28
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 139 67 37 34 29 28
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 353 286 249 272 243 215
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 492 $ 353 $ 286 $ 306 $ 272 $ 243
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-5
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FIDELITY VIP II DGPF
ASSET MANAGER INTERNATIONAL EQUITY
--------------------- ---------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends.................................. $ 10 $ 8 $ 8 $ 11 $ 9 $ 7
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income (loss)............. 10 8 8 11 9 7
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN (LOSS) ON
INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions from portfolio
sponsors................................. 30 23 7 -- -- 2
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss)................... 30 23 7 -- -- 2
Net unrealized gain (loss)................. 7 22 18 18 8 35
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and unrealized gain
(loss)................................. 37 45 25 18 8 37
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in net assets from
operations............................... 47 53 33 29 17 44
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- --
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in net assets from
policy transactions...................... -- -- -- -- -- --
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in net assets...... 47 53 33 29 17 44
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year.......................... 311 258 225 278 261 217
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................................ $ 358 $ 311 $ 258 $ 307 $ 278 $ 261
-
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-6
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 -- ORGANIZATION
The Group VEL Account (Group VEL) is a separate investment account of First
Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company (the Company), established on
November 13, 1996 (initial investment by the Company occurred on May 1, 1995),
for the purpose of separating from the general assets of the Company those
assets used to fund the variable portion of certain flexible premium variable
life policies issued by the Company. The Company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Allmerica Financial Corporation (AFC). Under applicable insurance law, the
assets and liabilities of Group VEL are clearly identified and distinguished
from the other assets and liabilities of the Company. Group VEL cannot be
charged with liabilities arising out of any other business of the Company.
Group VEL is registered as a unit investment trust under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). Group VEL currently offers
forty-one Sub-Accounts. In addition to the Sub-Accounts disclosed on the
Statements of Assets and Liabilities, Group VEL established twenty-one
additional Sub-Accounts effective December 15, 1998. The initial public offering
of these Sub-Accounts did not occur in 1998, therefore, these Sub-Accounts are
not included in the financial statements. Each Sub-Account invests exclusively
in a corresponding investment portfolio of the Allmerica Investment Trust (the
Trust) managed by Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services, Inc.
(AFIMS) (successor to Allmerica Investment Management Company, Inc.), a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company; or of the Variable Insurance Products
Fund (Fidelity VIP) or the Variable Insurance Products Fund II (Fidelity VIP II)
or the Variable Insurance Products Fund III (Fidelity VIP III), all of which are
managed by Fidelity Management & Research Company (FMR); or of the T. Rowe Price
International Series, Inc. (T. Rowe Price) managed by Rowe Price-Fleming
International, Inc.; or of The Delaware Group Premium Fund, Inc. (DGPF) managed
by Delaware Management Company or Delaware International Advisers Ltd.; or of
the Mutual Fund Variable Annuity Trust (MFVAT) managed by the Chase Manhattan
Bank, N.A. The Trust, Fidelity VIP, Fidelity VIP II, Fidelity VIP III, T. Rowe
Price, DGPF, and MFVAT (the Funds) are open-end, management investment companies
registered under the 1940 Act.
Effective January 9, 1998, Small-Mid Cap Value Fund was renamed Select Value
Opportunity Fund.
Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform with current
year presentation.
NOTE 2 -- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
INVESTMENTS -- Security transactions are recorded on the trade date.
Investments held by the Sub-Accounts are stated at the net asset value per share
of the respective investment portfolio of the Funds. Net realized gains and
losses on securities sold are determined using the average cost method.
Dividends and capital gain distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date
and are reinvested in additional shares of the respective investment portfolio
of the Funds at net asset value.
FEDERAL INCOME TAXES -- The Company is taxed as a "life insurance company"
under Subchapter L of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code) and files a
consolidated federal income tax return. The Company anticipates no tax liability
resulting from the operations of Group VEL. Therefore, no provision for income
taxes has been charged against Group VEL.
SA-7
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 3 -- INVESTMENTS
The number of shares owned, aggregate cost, and net asset value per share of
each Sub-Account's investment in the Funds at December 31, 1998 were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PORTFOLIO INFORMATION
---------------------------------
NET ASSET
NUMBER OF AGGREGATE VALUE
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO SHARES COST PER SHARE
- ---------------------------------------- --------- ---------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Growth.................................. 152 $324 $2.825
Investment Grade Income................. 240 256 1.132
Money Market............................ 242 242 1.000
Equity Index............................ 148 259 3.408
Government Bond......................... 242 249 1.068
Select Aggressive Growth................ 158 249 2.460
Select Growth........................... 215 267 2.428
Select Growth and Income................ 235 278 1.779
Select Value Opportunity*............... 221 275 1.685
Select International Equity............. 218 229 1.542
Select Capital Appreciation............. 241 266 1.640
Select Emerging Markets................. -- -- 0.784
Select Strategic Growth................. -- -- 0.973
Fidelity VIP High Income................ 25 275 11.530
Fidelity VIP Equity-Income.............. 15 266 25.420
Fidelity VIP Growth..................... 11 278 44.870
Fidelity VIP Overseas................... 15 248 20.050
Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager........... 20 286 18.160
T. Rowe Price International Stock....... -- -- 14.520
DGPF International Equity............... 19 229 16.480
</TABLE>
* Name changed. See Note 1.
NOTE 4 -- RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
On the date of issue and each monthly payment date thereafter, a monthly
charge is deducted from the policy value to compensate the Company for the cost
of insurance, which varies by policy, the cost of any additional benefits
provided by rider, and a monthly administrative charge. The policyowner may
instruct the Company to deduct this monthly charge from a specific Sub-Account,
but if not so specified, it will be deducted on a pro-rata basis of allocation
which is the same proportion that the policy value in the General Account of the
Company and in each Sub-Account bear to the total policy value.
The Company makes a charge of up to 0.90% per annum based on the average
daily net asset value of each certificate (certificate value) in each
Sub-Account for mortality and expense risks. This charge may be different
between groups and increased or decreased within a group, subject to compliance
with applicable state and federal requirements, but the total charge may not
exceed 0.90% per annum. During the first 10 policy years, the Company may charge
up to 0.25% per annum based on the certificate value in each Sub-Account for
administrative expenses. These expenses are included in insurance and other
charges on the statements of operations and changes in net assets.
SA-8
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 4 -- RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)
Allmerica Investments, Inc. (Allmerica Investments), a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Company, is principal underwriter and general distributor of
Group VEL, and does not receive any compensation for sales of Group VEL
policies. Commissions are paid to registered representatives of Allmerica
Investments and to independent broker-dealers by the Company. The current series
of policies have a surrender charge and no deduction is made for sales charges
at the time of the sale. For the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996,
there were no surrender charges applicable to Group VEL.
NOTE 5 -- DIVERSIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
Under the provisions of Section 817(h) of the Code, a variable life
insurance policy, other than a policy issued in connection with certain types of
employee benefit plans, will not be treated as a variable life insurance policy
for federal income tax purposes for any period for which the investments of the
segregated asset account on which the policy is based are not adequately
diversified. The Code provides that the "adequately diversified" requirement may
be met if the underlying investments satisfy either a statutory safe harbor test
or diversification requirements set forth in regulations issued by the Secretary
of The Treasury.
The Internal Revenue Service has issued regulations under Section 817(h) of
the Code. The Company believes that Group VEL satisfies the current requirements
of the regulations, and it intends that Group VEL will continue to meet such
requirements.
SA-9
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 6 -- PURCHASES AND SALES OF SECURITIES
Cost of purchases and proceeds from sales of shares of the Funds by Group
VEL during the year ended December 31, 1998 were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO PURCHASES SALES
- ------------------------------------------------------- --------- -----
<S> <C> <C>
Growth................................................. $ 8 $ --
Investment Grade Income................................ 15 --
Money Market........................................... 12 --
Equity Index........................................... 17 --
Government Bond........................................ 14 --
Select Aggressive Growth............................... -- --
Select Growth.......................................... 4 --
Select Growth and Income............................... 6 --
Select Value Opportunity*.............................. 4 --
Select International Equity............................ 4 --
Select Capital Appreciation............................ 60 --
Select Emerging Markets................................ -- --
Select Strategic Growth................................ -- --
Fidelity VIP High Income............................... 34 --
Fidelity VIP Equity-Income............................. 23 --
Fidelity VIP Growth.................................... 49 --
Fidelity VIP Overseas.................................. 21 --
Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager.......................... 40 --
T. Rowe Price International Stock...................... -- --
DGPF International Equity.............................. 11 --
--------- -----
Totals............................................... $322 $ --
--------- -----
--------- -----
</TABLE>
* Name changed. See Note 1.
SA-10
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS
GROUP FLEXIBLE PREMIUM VARIABLE LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS
<TABLE>
<C> <S>
This Prospectus provides important information about
Group Vari-Exceptional Life Plus policies, a group
flexible premium variable life insurance policy
offered by First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance
Company. Certificates under the Policy are available
to eligible applicants who are members of a
non-qualified benefit plan having a minimum of five
or more members, depending on the group, and who are
PLEASE READ THIS Age 80 years old and under.
PROSPECTUS CAREFULLY
BEFORE INVESTING AND
KEEP IT FOR FUTURE
REFERENCE.
The certificates are funded through the Group VEL
Account, a separate investment account of the Company
that is referred to as the Separate Account and a
fixed interest account. A separate account of the
Company referred to as the General Account. Each
Sub-Account invests its assets in the Money Market
Fund of Allmerica Investment Trust or in the
following investment portfolios of the Delaware Group
Premium Fund, Inc. (certain Funds may not be
available in all states).
VARIABLE LIFE
POLICIES INVOLVE
RISKS
INCLUDING POSSIBLE
LOSS OF PRINCIPAL.
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DELAWARE GROUP PREMIUM FUND, INC.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
THIS PROSPECTUS MUST Growth & Income Series
BE ACCOMPANIED BY Devon Series
PROSPECTUSES OF THE DelCap Series
FUNDS. Aggressive Growth Series
Social Awareness Series
REIT Series
Small Cap Value Series
Trend Series
International Equity Series
Emerging Markets Series
Delaware Balanced Series
Delchester Series
Capital Reserves Series
Strategic Income Series
Cash Reserve Series
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<C> <S>
This Prospectus can also be obtained from the
CERTIFICATES ARE Securities and Exchange Commission's website
NOT: (http://www.sec.gov).
- A BANK DEPOSIT OR IT MAY NOT BE ADVANTAGEOUS TO REPLACE EXISTING
OBLIGATION; INSURANCE WITH THE POLICY.
- FEDERALLY INSURED; THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION HAS NOT
- ENDORSED BY ANY APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR
BANK OR DETERMINED THAT THE INFORMATION IS TRUTHFUL OR
GOVERNMENTAL COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
AGENCY. CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<C> <S> <C>
CORRESPONDENCE MAY BE MAILED TO DATED MAY 1, 1999
ALLMERICA LIFE 440 LINCOLN STREET
P.O. BOX 8179 WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS 01653
BOSTON, MA 02266-8179 (508) 855-1000
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
SPECIAL TERMS......................................................................... 4
SUMMARY............................................................................... 7
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY, THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT, AND THE UNDERLYING FUNDS............ 16
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES.................................................... 17
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES.......................................................... 19
ADDITION, DELETION OR SUBSTITUTION OF INVESTMENTS..................................... 19
VOTING RIGHTS......................................................................... 20
THE CERTIFICATE....................................................................... 21
Enrollment Form for a Certificate................................................... 21
Free-Look Period.................................................................... 21
Conversion Privileges............................................................... 22
Premium Payments.................................................................... 22
Allocation of Net Premiums.......................................................... 23
Transfer Privilege.................................................................. 23
Election of Death Benefit Options................................................... 24
Guideline Premium Test and Cash Value Accumulation Test............................. 25
Death Proceeds...................................................................... 25
Change in Death Benefit Option...................................................... 28
Change in Face Amount............................................................... 28
Certificate Value and Surrender Value............................................... 29
Payment Options..................................................................... 31
Optional Insurance Benefits......................................................... 31
Surrender........................................................................... 31
Paid-Up Insurance Option............................................................ 31
Partial Withdrawal.................................................................. 32
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS................................................................ 32
Premium Expense Charge.............................................................. 32
Monthly Deduction from Certificate Value............................................ 33
Charges Reflected in the Assets of the Separate Account............................. 36
Surrender Charge.................................................................... 36
Charges on Partial Withdrawal....................................................... 37
Transfer Charges.................................................................... 38
Charge for Change in Face Amount.................................................... 38
Other Administrative Charges........................................................ 39
CERTIFICATE LOANS..................................................................... 39
CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT............................................. 40
OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS.......................................................... 42
Certificate Owner................................................................... 42
Beneficiary......................................................................... 42
Assignment.......................................................................... 42
Incontestability.................................................................... 42
Suicide............................................................................. 42
Age................................................................................. 43
Postponement of Payments............................................................ 43
DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY....................................... 43
DISTRIBUTION.......................................................................... 44
REPORTS............................................................................... 45
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS..................................................................... 45
FURTHER INFORMATION................................................................... 45
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS............................................................... 45
FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS............................................................ 46
</TABLE>
2
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
The Company and the Separate Account................................................ 46
Taxation of the Certificates........................................................ 46
Certificate Loans................................................................... 47
Modified Endowment Contracts........................................................ 47
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE GENERAL ACCOUNT............................................ 48
YEAR 2000 DISCLOSURE.................................................................. 49
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.................................................................. 50
APPENDIX A -- OPTIONAL BENEFITS....................................................... A-1
APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT OPTIONS......................................................... B-1
APPENDIX C -- ILLUSTRATIONS OF SUM INSURED, CERTIFICATE VALUES AND ACCUMULATED
PREMIUMS............................................................................ C-1
APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES................................ D-1
APPENDIX E-- PERFORMANCE INFORMATION.................................................. E-1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.................................................................. F-1
</TABLE>
3
<PAGE>
SPECIAL TERMS
AGE: The Insured's age as of the nearest birthday measured from a Certificate
anniversary.
BENEFICIARY: The person(s) designated by the owner of the Certificate to receive
the insurance proceeds upon the death of the Insured.
CERTIFICATE CHANGE: Any change in the Face Amount, the addition or deletion of a
rider, or a change in the Death Benefit Option.
CERTIFICATE OWNERS: The person(s) or entity entitled to exercise the rights and
privileges under the Certificate.
CERTIFICATE VALUE: The total amount available for investment under a Certificate
at any time. It is equal to the sum of (a) the value of the Units credited to a
Certificate in the Sub-Accounts, and (b) the accumulation in the General Account
credited to that Certificate.
COMPANY: First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company. "We," "our," "us,"
and "the Company" refer to First Allmerica Life Insurance Company in this
Prospectus.
DATE OF ISSUE: The date set forth in the Certificate used to determine the
Monthly Processing Date, Certificate months, Certificate years, and Certificate
anniversaries.
DEATH BENEFIT: The amount payable upon the death of the Insured, before the
Final Premium Payment Date, prior to deductions for Debt outstanding at the time
of the Insured's death, partial withdrawals and partial withdrawal charges, if
any, and any due and unpaid Monthly Deductions. The amount of the Death Benefit
will depend on the Death Benefit Option chosen, but will always be at least
equal to the Face Amount.
DEATH PROCEEDS: Prior to the Final Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds
equal the amount calculated under the applicable Death Benefit Option, less Debt
outstanding at the time of the Insured's death, partial withdrawals, if any,
partial withdrawal charges, and any due and unpaid Monthly Deductions. After the
Final Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds equal the Surrender Value of the
Certificate.
DEBT: All unpaid Certificate loans plus interest due or accrued on such loans.
DELIVERY RECEIPT: An acknowledgment, signed by the Certificate Owner and
returned to the Principal Office, that the Certificate Owner has received the
Certificate and the Notice of Withdrawal Rights.
EVIDENCE OF INSURABILITY: Information, satisfactory to the Company, that is used
to determine the Insured's Underwriting Class.
FACE AMOUNT: The amount of insurance coverage applied for. The Face Amount of
each Certificate is set forth in the specifications pages of the Certificate.
FINAL PREMIUM PAYMENT DATE: The Certificate anniversary nearest the Insured's
95th birthday. The Final Premium Payment Date is the latest date on which a
premium payment may be made. After this date, the Death Proceeds equal the
Surrender Value of the Certificate.
GENERAL ACCOUNT: All the assets of the Company other than those held in a
Separate Account.
GUIDELINE ANNUAL PREMIUM: The annual amount of premium that would be payable
through the Final Premium Payment Date for the specified Death Benefit, if
premiums were fixed by the Company as to both timing and amount, and monthly
cost of insurance charges were based on the 1980 Commissioners Standard
4
<PAGE>
Ordinary Mortality Tables, Smoker or Non-Smoker (Mortality Table B for unisex
Certificates), net investment earnings at an annual effective rate of 5%, and
fees and charges as set forth in the Certificate and any Certificate riders. The
Death Benefit Option 1 Guideline Annual Premium is used when calculating the
maximum surrender charge.
INSURANCE AMOUNT AT RISK: The Death Benefit less the Certificate Value.
ISSUANCE AND ACCEPTANCE: The date the Company mails the Certificate if the
enrollment form is approved with no changes requiring your consent; otherwise,
the date the Company receives your written consent to any changes.
LOAN VALUE: The maximum amount that may be borrowed under the Certificate.
MINIMUM DEATH BENEFIT: The minimum Death Benefit required to qualify the
Certificate as "life insurance" under federal tax laws. The Minimum Death
Benefit varies by Age. It is calculated by multiplying the Certificate Value by
a percentage determined by the Insured's Age.
MONTHLY DEDUCTION: Charges deducted monthly from the Certificate Value prior to
the Final Premium Payment Date. The charges include the monthly cost of
insurance, the monthly cost of any benefits provided by rider, the monthly
Certificate administrative charge, the monthly Separate Account administrative
charge and the monthly mortality and expense risk charge.
MONTHLY DEDUCTION SUB-ACCOUNT: A Sub-Account of the Separate Account to which
the payor that you name under the Payor Option may allocate Net Premiums to pay
all or a portion of the insurance charges and administrative charges. The
Monthly Deduction Sub-Account is currently the Sub-Account which invests in the
Money Market Fund of Allmerica Investment Trust.
MONTHLY PROCESSING DATE: The date on which the Monthly Deduction is deducted
from Certificate Value.
NET PREMIUM: An amount equal to the premium less any premium expense charge.
PAID-UP INSURANCE: Life insurance coverage for the life of the Insured, with no
further premiums due.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE: The Company's office, located at 440 Lincoln Street,
Worcester, Massachusetts 01653.
PRO-RATA ALLOCATION: In certain circumstances, you may specify from which
Sub-Account certain deductions will be made or to which Sub-Account Certificate
Value will be allocated. If you do not, the Company will allocate the deduction
or Certificate Value among the General Account and the Sub-Accounts, excluding
the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account, in the same proportion that the Certificate
Value in the General Account and the Certificate Value in each Sub-Account bear
to the total Certificate Value on the date of deduction or allocation.
SEPARATE ACCOUNT: A separate account consists of assets segregated from the
Company's other assets. The investment performance of the assets of each
separate account is determined separately from the other assets of the Company.
The assets of a separate account which are equal to the reserves and other
contract liabilities are not chargeable with liabilities arising out of any
other business which the Company may conduct.
SUB-ACCOUNT: A subdivision of the Separate Account. Each Sub-Account invests
exclusively in the shares of a corresponding Series of Delaware Group Premium
Fund, Inc. ("DGPF") or the Money Market Fund of Allmerica Investment Trust
("Trust").
SURRENDER VALUE: The amount payable upon a full surrender of the Certificate. It
is the Certificate Value, less any Debt and any surrender charges.
5
<PAGE>
UNDERLYING FUNDS ("FUNDS"): The Growth & Income Series, Devon Series, DelCap
Series, Aggressive Growth Series, Social Awareness Series, REIT Series, Small
Cap Value Series, Trend Series, International Equity Series, Emerging Markets
Series, Delaware Balanced Series, Delchester Series, Capital Reserves Series,
Strategic Income Series and Cash Reserve Series of Delaware Group Premium Fund,
Inc. and the Money Market Fund of Allmerica Investment Trust.
UNDERWRITING CLASS: The risk classification that the Company assigns the Insured
based on the information in the enrollment form and any other Evidence of
Insurability considered by the Company. The Insured's Underwriting Class will
affect the cost of insurance charge and the amount of premium required to keep
the Certificate in force.
UNIT: A measure of your interest in a Sub-Account.
VALUATION DATE: A day on which the net asset value of the shares of any of the
Underlying Funds is determined and Unit values of the Sub-Accounts are
determined. Valuation Dates currently occur on each day on which the New York
Stock Exchange is open for trading, and on such other days (other than a day
during which no payment, partial withdrawal, or surrender of a Certificate is
received) when there is a sufficient degree of trading in an Underlying Fund's
securities such that the current net asset value of the Sub-Accounts may be
materially affected.
VALUATION PERIOD: The interval between two consecutive Valuation Dates.
WRITTEN REQUEST: A request by the Certificate Owner in writing, satisfactory to
the Company.
YOU OR YOUR: The Certificate Owner, as shown in the enrollment form or the
latest change filed with the Company.
6
<PAGE>
SUMMARY
The following is a summary of the Certificates and the Policy. It highlights key
points from the Prospectus which follows. If you are considering the purchase of
this product, you should read the Prospectus carefully before making a decision.
It offers a more complete presentation of the topics presented here, and will
help you better understand the product.
Within limits, you may choose the amount of initial premium desired and the
initial Death Benefit. You have the flexibility to vary the frequency and amount
of premium payments, subject to certain restrictions and conditions. You may
withdraw a portion of the Certificate's Surrender Value, or the Certificate may
be fully surrendered at any time, subject to certain limitations.
There is no guaranteed minimum Certificate Value. The value of a Certificate
will vary up or down to reflect the investment experience of allocations to the
Sub-Accounts and the fixed rates of interest earned by allocations to the
General Account. The Certificate Value will also be adjusted for other factors,
including the amount of charges imposed. The Certificate will remain in effect
so long as the Certificate Value less any outstanding Debt is sufficient to pay
certain monthly charges imposed in connection with the Certificate. The
Certificate Value may decrease to the point where the Certificate will lapse and
provide no further death benefit without additional premium payments.
If the Certificate is in effect at the death of the Insured, the Company will
pay a Death Benefit (the "Death Proceeds") to the Beneficiary. Prior to the
Final Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds equal the Death Benefit, less any
Debt, partial withdrawals, and any due and unpaid charges. After the Final
Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds equal the Surrender Value of the
Certificate. If the Guideline Premium Test is in effect (see "Election of Death
Benefit Options"), you may choose either Death Benefit Option 1 (the Death
Benefit is fixed in amount) or Death Benefit Option 2 (the Death Benefit
includes the Certificate Value in addition to a fixed insurance amount) and may
change between Death Benefit Option 1 and Option 2, subject to certain
conditions. If the Cash Value Accumulation Test is in effect, Death Benefit
Option 3 (the Death Benefit is fixed in amount) will apply. A Minimum Death
Benefit, equivalent to a percentage of the Certificate Value, will apply if
greater than the Death Benefit otherwise payable under Option 1, Option 2 or
Option 3.
In certain circumstances, a Certificate may be considered a "modified endowment
contract." Under the Internal Revenue Code ("Code"), any Certificate loan,
partial withdrawal or surrender from a modified endowment contract may be
subject to tax and tax penalties. See FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS -- "Modified
Endowment Contracts."
THE CERTIFICATE
The Certificate issued under a group flexible premium variable life Policy
offered by this Prospectus allows you, subject to certain limitations, to make
premium payments in any amount and frequency. As long as the Certificate remains
in force, it will provide for:
- life insurance coverage on the named Insured;
- Certificate Value;
- surrender rights and partial withdrawal rights;
- loan privileges; and
- in some cases, additional insurance benefits available by rider for an
additional charge.
7
<PAGE>
The Certificates provide Death Benefits, Certificate Values, and other features
traditionally associated with life insurance policies. The Certificates are
"variable" because, unlike the fixed benefits of ordinary whole life insurance,
the Certificate Value will, and under certain circumstances the Death Proceeds
may, increase or decrease depending on the investment experience of the
Sub-Accounts of the Separate Account. They are "flexible premium" Certificates,
because, unlike traditional insurance policies, there is no fixed schedule for
premium payments. Although you may establish a schedule of premium payments
("planned premium payments"), failure to make the planned premium payments will
not necessarily cause a Certificate to lapse, nor will making the planned
premium payments guarantee that a Certificate will remain in force. Thus, you
may, but are not required to, pay additional premiums.
The Certificate will remain in force until the Surrender Value is insufficient
to cover the next Monthly Deduction and loan interest accrued, if any, and a
grace period of 62 days has expired without adequate payment being made by you.
SURRENDER CHARGES
At any time that a Certificate is in effect, a Certificate Owner may elect to
surrender the Certificate and receive its Surrender Value. A surrender charge
may be calculated upon issuance of the Certificate and upon each increase in the
Face Amount. The surrender charge may be imposed, depending on the group to
which the Policy is issued, for up to 15 years from the Date of Issue or any
increase in the Face Amount and you request a full surrender or a decrease in
the Face Amount.
SURRENDER CHARGES FOR THE INITIAL FACE AMOUNT
The maximum surrender charge calculated upon issuance of the Certificate is
equal to the sum of (a) plus (b), where (a) is a deferred administrative charge
of up to $8.50 per thousand dollars of the initial Face Amount, and (b) is a
deferred sales charge of up to 50% (less any premium expense charge not
associated with state and local premium taxes) of premiums received up to the
Guideline Annual Premium, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued.
In accordance with limitations under state insurance regulations, the amount of
the maximum surrender charge will not exceed a specified amount per thousand
dollars of initial Face Amount, as indicated in APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF
MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES. The maximum surrender charge remains level for up to
24 Certificate months, reduces uniformly each month for the balance of the
surrender charge period, and is zero thereafter. If you surrender the
Certificate during the first two years following the Date of Issue before making
premium payments associated with the initial Face Amount which are at least
equal to one Guideline Annual Premium, the actual surrender charge imposed may
be less than the maximum. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Surrender" and CHARGES AND
DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender Charge."
SURRENDER CHARGES FOR AN INCREASE IN FACE AMOUNT
A separate surrender charge may apply to and be calculated for each increase in
Face Amount. The maximum surrender charge for the increase is equal to the sum
of (a) plus (b), where (a) is a deferred administrative charge of up to $8.50
per thousand dollars of increase, and (b) is a deferred sales charge of up to
50% (less any premium expense charge not associated with state and local premium
taxes) of premiums associated with the increase, up to the Guideline Annual
Premium for the increase. In accordance with limitations under state insurance
regulations, the amount of the surrender charge will not exceed a specified
amount per thousand dollars of increase, as indicated in APPENDIX D --
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES.
This maximum surrender charge with respect to an increase remains level for up
to 24 Certificate months following the increase, reduces uniformly each month
for the balance of the surrender charge period, and is zero thereafter. During
the first two Certificate years following an increase in Face Amount, before
making premium payments associated with the increase in Face Amount which are at
least equal to one Guideline Annual Premium, the actual surrender charge with
respect to the increase may be less than the maximum. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Surrender" and CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender Charge."
8
<PAGE>
In the event of a decrease in the Face Amount, any surrender charge imposed is a
fraction of the charge that would apply to a full surrender of the Certificate.
See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Surrender" and CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender
Charge" and APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES.
PREMIUM EXPENSE CHARGE
A charge may be deducted from each premium payment for state and local premium
taxes paid by the Company, to compensate the Company for federal taxes imposed
for deferred acquisition cost ("DAC") taxes, and for sales expenses related to
the Certificates. State premium taxes generally range from 0.75% to 5%, while
local premium taxes (if any) vary by jurisdiction within a state. The DAC tax
deduction may range from zero to 1% of premiums, depending on the group to which
the Policy is issued. The charge for distribution expenses may range from zero
to 10%. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Premium Expense Charge."
MONTHLY DEDUCTIONS FROM CERTIFICATE VALUE
On the Date of Issue and each Monthly Processing Date thereafter prior to the
Final Premium Payment Date, certain charges ("Monthly Deductions") will be
deducted from the Certificate Value. The Monthly Deduction includes a charge for
cost of insurance, a charge for the cost of any additional benefits provided by
rider, and a charge for administrative expenses that may be up to $10, depending
on the group to which the Policy is issued. The Monthly Deduction may also
include a charge for Separate Account administrative expenses and a charge for
mortality and expense risks. The Separate Account administrative charge may
continue for up to 10 Certificate years and may be up to 0.25% of Certificate
Value in each Sub-Account, depending on the group to which the Policy was
issued. The mortality and expense risk charge may be up to 0.90% of Certificate
Value in each Sub-Account.
You may specify from which Sub-Account the cost of insurance charge, the charge
for Certificate administrative expenses, the mortality and expense risk charge,
and the charge for the cost of additional benefits provided by rider will be
deducted. If the Payor Provision is in force, all cost of insurance charges and
administrative charges will be deducted from the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account.
If no allocation is specified, the Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation.
The Separate Account administrative charge and the mortality and expense risk
charge are assessed against each Sub-Account that generates a charge. In the
event that a charge is greater than the value of the Sub-Account to which it
relates on a Monthly Processing Date, the unpaid balance will be totaled and the
Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation.
Monthly Deductions are made on the Date of Issue and on each Monthly Processing
Date until the Final Premium Payment Date. No Monthly Deductions will be made on
or after the Final Premium Payment Date. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly
Deduction from Certificate Value."
TRANSACTION CHARGES
Each of the charges listed below is designed to reimburse the Company for
administrative costs incurred in the applicable transaction.
TRANSACTION CHARGE ON PARTIAL WITHDRAWALS
A transaction charge, which is up to the smaller of 2% of the amount withdrawn,
or $25, is assessed at the time of each partial withdrawal to reimburse the
Company for the cost of processing the withdrawal. In addition to the
transaction charge, a partial withdrawal charge may also be made under certain
circumstances. See
9
<PAGE>
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Charges on Partial Withdrawal." The transaction fee
applies to all partial withdrawals, including a Withdrawal without a surrender
charge.
CHARGE FOR CHANGE IN FACE AMOUNT
For each increase or decrease in the Face Amount, a charge of $2.50 per $1,000
of increase or decrease up to $40, may be deducted from the Certificate Value.
This charge is designed to reimburse the Company for underwriting and
administrative costs associated with the change. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Change
in Face Amount" and CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Charge for Change in Face
Amount."
TRANSFER CHARGE
The first twelve transfers of Certificate Value in a Certificate year will be
free of charge. Thereafter, with certain exceptions, a transfer charge of $10
will be imposed for each transfer request to reimburse the Company for the costs
of processing the transfer. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Transfer Privilege" and
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Transfer Charges."
OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGES
The Company reserves the right to impose a charge for the administrative costs
associated with changing the Net Premium allocation instructions, for changing
the allocation of any Monthly Deductions among the various Sub-Accounts, or for
a projection of values. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Other Administrative
Charges."
CHARGES OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
In addition to the charges described above, certain fees and expenses are
deducted from the assets of the Underlying Funds. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS --
"Charges Reflected in the Assets of the Separate Account." The levels of fees
and expenses vary among the Underlying Funds.
CERTIFICATE VALUE AND SURRENDER VALUE
The Certificate Value is the total amount available for investment under a
Certificate at any time. It is the sum of the value of all Units in the
Sub-Accounts of the Separate Account and all accumulations in the General
Account of the Company credited to the Certificate. The Certificate Value
reflects the amount and frequency of Net Premiums paid, charges and deductions
imposed under the Certificate, interest credited to accumulations in the General
Account, investment performance of the Sub-Accounts to which Certificate Value
has been allocated, and partial withdrawals. The Certificate Value may be
relevant to the computation of the Death Proceeds. You bear the entire
investment risk for amounts allocated to the Separate Account. The Company does
not guarantee a minimum Certificate Value.
The Surrender Value will be the Certificate Value, less any Debt and surrender
charges. The Surrender Value is relevant, for example, in the computation of the
amounts available upon partial withdrawals, Certificate loans or surrender.
DEATH PROCEEDS
The Certificate provides for the payment of certain Death Proceeds to the named
Beneficiary upon the death of the Insured. Prior to the Final Premium Payment
Date, the Death Proceeds will be equal to the Death Benefit, reduced by any
outstanding Debt, partial withdrawals, partial withdrawal charges, and any
Monthly Deductions due and not yet deducted through the Certificate month in
which the Insured dies. Three Death Benefit Options are available. Under Option
1 and Option 3, the Death Benefit is the greater of the Face Amount or the
applicable Minimum Death Benefit. Under Option 2, the Death Benefit is the
greater of the
10
<PAGE>
Face Amount plus the Certificate Value or the Minimum Death Benefit. The Minimum
Death Benefit is equivalent to a percentage (determined each month based on the
Insured's Age) of the Certificate Value. On or after the Final Premium Payment
Date, the Death Proceeds will equal the Surrender Value. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Death Proceeds."
The Death Proceeds under the Certificate may be received in a lump sum or under
one of the Payment Options the Company offers. See APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT
OPTIONS.
FLEXIBILITY TO ADJUST DEATH BENEFIT
Subject to certain limitations, you may adjust the Death Benefit, and thus the
Death Proceeds, at any time prior to the Final Premium Payment Date, by
increasing or decreasing the Face Amount of the Certificate. Any change in the
Face Amount will affect the monthly cost of insurance charges and the amount of
the surrender charge. If the Face Amount is decreased, a pro-rata surrender
charge may be imposed. The Certificate Value is reduced by the amount of the
charge. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Change in Face Amount."
The minimum increase in the Face Amount will vary by group, but will in no event
exceed $10,000. Any increase may also require additional Evidence of
Insurability. The increase is subject to a "free-look period" and, during the
first 24 months after the increase, to a conversion privilege. See THE
CERTIFICATE -- "Free-Look Period" and "Conversion Privileges."
You may, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued, have the
flexibility to add additional insurance benefits by rider. These may include the
Waiver of Premium Rider, Other Insured Rider, Children's Insurance Rider,
Accidental Death Benefit Rider, Option to Accelerate Benefits Rider and Exchange
Option Rider. See APPENDIX A -- OPTIONAL BENEFITS.
The cost of these optional insurance benefits will be deducted from the
Certificate Value as part of the Monthly Deduction. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- -- "Monthly Deduction from Certificate Value."
CERTIFICATE ISSUANCE
At the time of enrollment, the proposed Insured will complete an enrollment form
which lists the proposed amount of insurance and indicates how much of that
insurance is considered eligible for simplified underwriting. If the eligibility
questions on the enrollment form are answered "No," the Company will provide
immediate coverage equal to the simplified underwriting amount. If the proposed
insured is in a standard premium class, any insurance in excess of the
simplified underwriting amount will begin on the date the enrollment form and
medical examination, if any, are completed. If the proposed Insured cannot
answer the eligibility questions "No," and if the proposed Insured is not a
standard risk, insurance coverage will begin only after the Company (1) approves
the enrollment form, (2) the Certificate is delivered and accepted, and (3) the
first premium is paid.
If any premiums are paid prior to the issuance of the Certificate, such premiums
will be held in the General Account. If your enrollment form is approved and the
Certificate is issued and accepted, the initial premiums held in the General
Account will be credited with interest at a specified rate beginning not later
than the date of receipt of the premiums at the Company's Principal Office. IF A
CERTIFICATE IS NOT ISSUED AND ACCEPTED, THE INITIAL PREMIUMS WILL BE RETURNED TO
YOU WITHOUT INTEREST.
If your Certificate provides for a full refund of the initial payment under its
"Right-to-Examine Certificate" provision as required in your state, all
Certificate Value in the General Account that you initially designated to go to
the Sub-Accounts will be allocated to the Money Market Fund of the Trust upon
Issuance and Acceptance of the Certificate. All Certificate Value will be
allocated as you have chosen no later than the expiration of the period during
which you may exercise the "Right-to-Examine Certificate" provision.
11
<PAGE>
ALLOCATION OF NET PREMIUMS
Net Premiums are the premiums paid less any premium expense charge. The
Certificate, together with its attached enrollment form, constitutes the entire
agreement between you and the Company. Net Premiums may be allocated to one or
more Sub-Accounts of the Separate Account, to the General Account, or to any
combination of Accounts. You bear the investment risk of Net Premiums allocated
to the Sub-Accounts. Allocations may be made to no more than 20 Sub-Accounts at
any one time. The minimum allocation is 1% of Net Premium. All allocations must
be in whole numbers and must total 100%. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Allocation of
Net Premiums."
Premiums allocated to the General Account will earn a fixed rate of interest.
Net Premiums and minimum interest are guaranteed by the Company. For more
information, see MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE GENERAL ACCOUNT.
INVESTMENT OPTIONS
The Certificates permit Net Premiums to be allocated either to the General
Account or to the Separate Account. The Separate Account is currently comprised
of 46 Sub-Accounts. Of these 46 Sub-Accounts, 16 are available to the
Certificates. Each Sub-Account invests exclusively in a corresponding Underlying
Fund of the Delaware Group Premium Fund, Inc. ("DGPF"), managed by Delaware
International Advisers Ltd. ("Delaware International"); and Delaware Management
Company, Inc. ("Delaware Management") or the Allmerica Investment Trust managed
by Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services, Inc. ("AFIMS"). In some
states, insurance regulations may restrict the availability of particular
Underlying Funds. The Certificates permit you to transfer Certificate Value
among the available Sub-Accounts and between the Sub-Accounts and the General
Account, subject to certain limitations described under THE CERTIFICATE --
"Transfer Privilege."
The value of each Sub-Account will vary daily depending upon the performance of
the Underlying Fund in which it invests. Each Sub-Account reinvests dividends or
capital gains distributions received from an Underlying Fund in additional
shares of that Underlying Fund. There can be no assurance that the investment
objectives of the Underlying Funds can be achieved. For more information, see
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY, THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT, AND THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
CHARGES OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
In addition to the charges described above, certain fees and expenses are
deducted from the assets of the Underlying Funds. The levels of fees and
expenses vary among the Underlying Funds. The following table
12
<PAGE>
shows the expenses of the Underlying Funds for 1998. For more information
concerning fees and expenses, see the prospectus of the Underlying Funds.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MANAGEMENT FEE OTHER EXPENSES TOTAL FUND EXPENSES
(AFTER VOLUNTARY (AFTER APPLICABLE (AFTER ANY
UNDERLYING FUND WAIVERS) REIMBURSEMENTS) WAIVERS/REIMBURSEMENTS)
- ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------ -------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Growth & Income Series................................. 0.60% 0.11% 0.71%(2)
Devon Series........................................... 0.65% 0.06% 0.71%(2)
DelCap Series.......................................... 0.74% 0.11% 0.85%(1)(2)
Aggressive Growth Series(@)............................ 0.68% 0.17% 0.85%(1)(2)
Social Awareness Series................................ 0.71% 0.14% 0.85%(1)(2)
REIT Series(@)......................................... 0.58% 0.27% 0.85%(1)(2)
Small Cap Value Series................................. 0.75% 0.10% 0.85%(2)
Trend Series........................................... 0.75% 0.10% 0.85%(2)
International Equity Series............................ 0.82% 0.13% 0.95%(1)(2)
Emerging Markets Series................................ 1.08% 0.42% 1.50%(1)(2)
Delaware Balanced Series............................... 0.65% 0.10% 0.75%(2)
Delchester Series...................................... 0.65% 0.10% 0.75%(2)
Capital Reserves Series................................ 0.50% 0.19% 0.69%(2)
Strategic Income Series................................ 0.64% 0.16% 0.80%(1)(2)
Cash Reserve Series.................................... 0.45% 0.09% 0.54%(2)
Money Market Fund...................................... 0.26% 0.06% 0.32%(3)
</TABLE>
(@) The Aggressive Growth Series had not commenced operations as of December 31,
1998. Expenses shown are based on estimated and annualized amounts. Actual
expenses may be greater or less than shown. The REIT Series commenced operations
on May 1, 1998. Expenses shown are based on annualized amounts.
(1) For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998 , before waiver and/or
reimbursement by the investment adviser, total Series expenses as a percentage
of average daily net assets were 0.86% for DelCap Series, 0.89% for Social
Awareness Series, 1.02% for REIT Series, 1.67% for Emerging Markets Series,
0.81% for Strategic Income Series, 0.98% for International Equity Series and are
anticipated to be 0.92% for Aggressive Growth Series.
(2) The investment adviser for the Growth & Income Series (formerly known as
"Decatur Total Return Series"), Devon Series, DelCap Series, Aggressive Growth
Series, Social Awareness Series, REIT Series, Small Cap Value Series, Trend
Series, Delaware Balanced Series (formerly known as "Delaware Series"),
Delchester Series, Capital Reserves Series, Strategic Income Series, and Cash
Reserve Series is Delaware Management Company, Inc. ("Delaware Management"). The
investment adviser for the International Equity Series and Emerging Markets
Series is Delaware International Advisers Ltd. ("Delaware International").
Effective May 1, 1999 through October 31, 1999, the investment advisers for the
Series of DGPF have agreed voluntarily to waive their management fees and
reimburse each Series for expenses to the extent that total expenses will not
exceed 1.50% for the Emerging Markets Series; 0.95% for the International Equity
Series; 0.85% for DelCap Series, Aggressive Growth Series, Social Awareness
Series, REIT Series, Small Cap Value Series, Trend Series, and 0.80% for all
other Series. The fee ratios shown above have been restated, if necessary, to
reflect the new voluntary limitations which took effect on May 1, 1999. The
declaration of a voluntary expense limitation does not bind the investment
advisers to declare future expense limitations with respect to these Funds.
Pursuant to a vote of the Fund's shareholders on March 17, 1999, a new
management fee structure based on average daily net assets was approved. The
above ratios have been restated to reflect the new management fee structure
which took effect on May 1, 1999.
(3) Until further notice, AFIMS has declared a voluntary expense limitation of
0.60% for the Money Market Fund. The total operating expenses of this Fund was
less than its expense limitation throughout 1998.
The Underlying Fund information above was provided by the Underlying Funds and
was not independently verified by the Company.
13
<PAGE>
FREE-LOOK PERIOD
The Certificate provides for an initial Free-Look Period. You may cancel the
Certificate by mailing or delivering it to the Principal Office or to an agent
of the Company on or before the latest of (a) 45 days after the enrollment form
for the Certificate is signed, (b) 10 days after you receive the Certificate,
(c) 10 days (20 or 30 days if required in your state) after the Company mails or
personally delivers a Notice of Withdrawal Rights to you, or (d) 60 days after
you receive the Policy, if the Policy was purchased in New York as a replacement
for an existing policy.
When you return the Certificate, the Company will mail a refund to you within
seven days. The refund of any premium paid by check may be delayed until the
check has cleared your bank. If your Certificate provides for a full refund of
the initial premium under its "Right-to-Examine Certificate" provision as
required in your state, or if the Certificate was issued in New York as a
replacement, your refund will be the greater of (a) your entire premium, or (b)
the Certificate Value plus deductions under the Certificate, or by the
Underlying Funds for taxes, charges or fees. If your Certificate does not
provide for a full refund of the initial premium, you will receive the
Certificate Value in the Separate Account, plus premiums paid, (including fees
and charges), minus the amounts allocated to the Separate Account, plus the fees
and charges imposed on amounts in the Separate Account. After an increase in the
Face Amount, a right to cancel the increase also applies. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Free-Look Period."
CONVERSION PRIVILEGES
During the first 24 Certificate months after the Date of Issue, subject to
certain restrictions, you may convert this Certificate to a flexible premium
fixed adjustable life insurance Certificate by simultaneously transferring all
accumulated value in the Sub-Accounts to the General Account and instructing the
Company to allocate all future premiums to the General Account. A similar
conversion privilege is in effect for 24 Certificate months after the date of an
increase in the Face Amount. Where required by state law, and at your request,
the Company will issue a flexible premium adjustable life insurance Certificate
to you. The new Certificate will have the same face amount, issue Age, Date of
Issue, and risk classifications as the original Certificate. See THE CERTIFICATE
- -- "Conversion Privileges."
PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL
After the first Certificate year, you may make partial withdrawals in a minimum
amount of $500 from the Certificate Value. Under Option 1 or Option 3, the Face
Amount is reduced by the amount of the partial withdrawal, and a partial
withdrawal will not be allowed if it would reduce the Face Amount below $40,000.
A transaction charge which is described in CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Charges on
Partial Withdrawal," will be assessed to reimburse the Company for the cost of
processing each partial withdrawal. A partial withdrawal charge may also be
imposed upon a partial withdrawal. Generally, amounts withdrawn during each
Certificate year in excess of 10% of the Certificate Value ("excess withdrawal")
are subject to the partial withdrawal charge. The partial withdrawal charge is
equal to 5% of the excess withdrawal up to the surrender charge on the date of
withdrawal. If no surrender charge is applicable at the time of withdrawal, no
partial withdrawal charge will be deducted. The Certificate's outstanding
surrender charge will be reduced by the amount of the partial withdrawal charge
deducted. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Partial Withdrawal" and CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- -- "Charges on Partial Withdrawal."
LOAN PRIVILEGE
You may borrow against the Certificate Value. The total amount you may borrow is
the Loan Value. Loan Value in the first Certificate year is 75% of an amount
equal to the Certificate Value less surrender charge, Monthly Deductions, and
interest on the Certificate loan to the end of the Certificate year. Thereafter,
Loan Value is 90% of an amount equal to Certificate Value less the surrender
charge.
14
<PAGE>
Certificate loans will be allocated among the General Account and the
Sub-Accounts in accordance with your instructions. If no allocation is made by
you, the Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation among the Accounts. In either
case, Certificate Value equal to the Certificate loan will be transferred from
the appropriate Sub-Accounts to the General Account, and will earn monthly
interest at an effective annual rate of at least 6%. Therefore, a Certificate
loan may have a permanent impact on the Certificate Value even though it is
eventually repaid. Although the loan amount is a part of the Certificate Value,
the Death Proceeds will be reduced by the amount of outstanding Debt at the time
of death.
Certificate loans will bear interest at a fixed rate of 8% per year, due and
payable in arrears at the end of each Certificate year. If interest is not paid
when due, it will be added to the loan balance. Certificate loans may be repaid
at any time. You must notify the Company if a payment is a loan repayment;
otherwise, it will be considered a premium payment. Any partial or full
repayment of Debt by you will be allocated to the General Account or
Sub-Accounts in accordance with your instructions. If you do not specify an
allocation, the Company will allocate the loan repayment in accordance with your
most recent premium allocation instructions. See CERTIFICATE LOANS.
PREFERRED LOAN OPTION
A preferred loan option is available under the Certificates. The preferred loan
option will be available upon Written Request. It may be revoked by you at any
time. If this option has been selected, after the tenth certificate anniversary,
Certificate Value in the General Account equal to the loan amount will be
credited with interest at an effective annual yield of at least 7.5%. Our
current practice is to credit a rate of interest equal to the rate being charged
for the preferred loan.
There is some uncertainty as to the tax treatment of preferred loans. Consult a
qualified tax adviser (and see FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS). THE PREFERRED LOAN
OPTION IS NOT AVAILABLE IN ALL STATES.
CERTIFICATE LAPSE AND REINSTATEMENT
Failure to make premium payments will not cause a Certificate to lapse unless:
(a) the Surrender Value is insufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction plus
loan interest accrued, if any, or (b) Debt exceeds the Certificate Value. A
62-day grace period applies to each situation. Subject to certain conditions
(including Evidence of Insurability showing that the Insured is insurable
according to the Company's underwriting rules and the payment of sufficient
premium), the Certificate may be reinstated at any time within three years after
the expiration of the grace period and prior to the Final Premium Payment Date.
See CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT.
TAX TREATMENT
The Certificate is generally subject to the same federal income tax treatment as
a conventional fixed benefit life insurance policy. Under current tax law, to
the extent there is no change in benefits, you will be taxed on the Certificate
Value withdrawn from the Certificate only to the extent that the amount
withdrawn exceeds the total premiums paid. Withdrawals in excess of premiums
paid will be treated as ordinary income. During the first 15 Certificate years,
however, an "interest-first" rule applies to any distribution of cash that is
required under Section 7702 of the Code because of a reduction in benefits under
the Certificate. Death Proceeds under the Certificate are excludable from the
gross income of the Beneficiary, but in some circumstances the Death Proceeds or
the Certificate Value may be subject to federal estate tax. See FEDERAL TAX
CONSIDERATIONS -- "Taxation of the Certificates."
The Certificate offered by this Prospectus may be considered a "modified
endowment contract" if it fails a "seven-pay" test. A Certificate fails to
satisfy the seven-pay test if the cumulative premiums paid under the Certificate
at any time during the first seven Certificate years, or within seven years of a
material change in the Certificate, exceed the sum of the net level premiums
that would have been paid, had the Certificate provided for paid-up future
benefits after the payment of seven level premiums. If the Certificate is
considered
15
<PAGE>
a modified endowment contract, all distributions (including Certificate loans,
partial withdrawals, surrenders or assignments) will be taxed on an
"income-first" basis. With certain exceptions, an additional 10% penalty will be
imposed on the portion of any distribution that is includible in income. For
more information, see FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS -- "Modified Endowment
Contracts."
The Certificate summarizes the provisions of the group Policy under which it is
issued, which has the purpose of providing insurance protection for the
Beneficiary named therein. References to Certificate rights and features are
intended to represent a Certificate Owner's rights and benefits under the group
Policy. This Summary is intended to provide only a very brief overview of the
more significant aspects of the Certificate. Further detail is provided in this
Prospectus, the Certificate and the group Policy. No claim is made that the
Certificate is in any way similar or comparable to a systematic investment plan
of a mutual fund.
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY, THE SEPARATE
ACCOUNT, AND THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
THE COMPANY
The Company, organized under the laws of Massachusetts in 1844, is the fifth
oldest life insurance company in America. As of December 31, 1998, the Company
and its subsidiaries had over $27 billion in combined assets and over $48
billion of life insurance in force. Effective October 16, 1995, the Company
converted from a mutual life insurance company, known as State Mutual Life
Assurance Company of America, to a stock life insurance company and adopted its
present name. The Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Allmerica Financial
Corporation ("AFC"). The Company's principal office is located at 440 Lincoln
Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01653, telephone 508-855-1000 ("Principal
Office").
The Company is subject to the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
governing insurance companies and to regulation by the Commissioner of Insurance
of Massachusetts. In addition, the Company is subject to the insurance laws and
regulations of other states and jurisdictions in which it is licensed to
operate.
The Company is a charter member of the Insurance Marketplace Standards
Association ("IMSA"). Companies that belong to IMSA subscribe to a rigorous set
of standards that cover the various aspects of sales and service for
individually sold life insurance and annuities. IMSA members have adopted
policies and procedures that demonstrate a commitment to honesty, fairness and
integrity in all customer contacts involving sales and service of individual
life insurance and annuity products.
THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT
The Separate Account was authorized by vote of the Board of Directors of the
Company on August 20, 1991. The Separate Account is registered with the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as a unit investment trust under the
Investment Company Act of 1940 ("1940 Act"). Such registration does not involve
the supervision of its management or investment practices or policies of the
Separate Account or the Company by the SEC.
The assets used to fund the variable portion of the Certificates are set aside
in the Separate Account, and are kept separate from the general assets of the
Company. Under Massachusetts law, assets equal to the reserves and other
liabilities of the Separate Account may not be charged with any liabilities
arising out of any other business of the Company. The Separate Account currently
has 46 Sub-Accounts. Each Sub-Account is administered and accounted for as part
of the general business of the Company, but the income, capital gains, or
capital losses of each Sub-Account are allocated to such Sub-Account, without
regard to other income, capital gains, or capital losses of the Company or the
other Sub-Accounts. Each Sub-Account invests exclusively in a corresponding
investment portfolio ("Underlying Fund") of the Delaware Group Premium Fund,
Inc. or the Money Market Fund of Allmerica Investment Trust.
16
<PAGE>
DELAWARE GROUP PREMIUM FUND, INC.
Delaware Group Premium Fund, Inc. ("DGPF") is an open-end, diversified,
management investment company registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act. DGPF
was established to provide a vehicle for the investment of assets of various
separate accounts supporting variable insurance policies. Fifteen investment
portfolios are available under the Certificates: Growth & Income Series, Devon
Series, DelCap Series, Aggressive Growth Series, Social Awareness Series, REIT
Series, Small Cap Value Series, Trend Series, International Equity Series,
Emerging Markets Series, Delaware Balanced Series, Delchester Series, Capital
Reserves Series, Strategic Income Series, and Cash Reserve Series (collectively,
the "Underlying Funds"). The assets of each Underlying Fund are held separate
from the assets of the other Underlying Funds. Each Underlying Fund operates as
a separate investment vehicle, and the income or losses of one Underlying Fund
have no effect on the investment performance of another Underlying Fund. Shares
of the Underlying Funds are not offered to the general public but solely to
separate accounts of life insurance companies.
The investment adviser for the Growth & Income Series, Devon Series, DelCap
Series, Aggressive Growth Series, Social Awareness Series, REIT Series, Small
Cap Value Series, Trend Series, Delaware Balanced Series, Delchester Series,
Capital Reserves Series, Strategic Income Series, and Cash Reserve Series is
Delaware Management Company, Inc. ("Delaware Management"). The investment
adviser for the International Equity Series, and the Emerging Markets Series is
Delaware International Advisers Ltd. ("Delaware International").
ALLMERICA INVESTMENT TRUST
Allmerica Investment Trust ("Trust") is an open-end, diversified management
investment company registered with the SEC under the 1940 Act. Such registration
does not involve supervision by the SEC of the investments or investment policy
of the Trust or its separate investment funds. The Trust was established as a
Massachusetts business trust on October 11, 1984 for the purpose of providing a
vehicle for the investment of assets of various separate accounts established by
First Allmerica, the Company, or other insurance companies. One investment
portfolio of the Trust ("Fund") is available under the Certificates, issuing a
series of shares: the Money Market Fund. Shares of the Trust are not offered to
the general public but solely to the separate account. AFIMS serves as
investment adviser for the Money Market Fund.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
A summary of investment objectives of each of the Underlying Funds is set forth
below. MORE DETAILED INFORMATION REGARDING THE INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES,
RESTRICTIONS AND RISKS, EXPENSES PAID BY THE UNDERLYING FUNDS AND OTHER RELEVANT
INFORMATION REGARDING THE UNDERLYING INVESTMENT COMPANY MAY BE FOUND IN THE
PROSPECTUSES WHICH ACCOMPANY THIS PROSPECTUS AND SHOULD BE READ CAREFULLY BEFORE
INVESTING. The statements of additional information of the Underlying Funds are
available upon request. There can be no assurance that the investment objectives
of the Underlying Funds can be achieved.
GROWTH & INCOME SERIES -- seeks the highest possible total rate of return by
selecting issues that exhibit the potential for capital appreciation while
providing higher than average dividend income. This Fund formerly was known as
Decatur Total Return Series.
DEVON SERIES -- seeks current income and capital appreciation. It seeks to
achieve its objective by investing primarily in income-producing common stocks,
with a focus on common stocks that the investment manager believes exhibit the
potential for above-average dividend increases over time.
DELCAP SERIES -- seeks long-term capital appreciation by investing its assets in
a diversified portfolio of securities exhibiting the potential for significant
growth.
17
<PAGE>
AGGRESSIVE GROWTH SERIES -- seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation
which the Fund attempts to achieve by investing primarily in equity securities
of companies which the investment manager believes have the potential for high
earnings growth.
SOCIAL AWARENESS SERIES -- seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation. It
seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in equity securities of
medium- to large-sized companies expected to grow over time that meet the
Series' "Social Criteria" strategy.
REIT SERIES -- seeks to achieve maximum long-term total return. Capital
appreciation is a secondary objective. It seeks to achieve its objective by
investing in securities of companies primarily engaged in the real estate
industry.
SMALL CAP VALUE SERIES -- seeks capital appreciation by investing in small cap
common stocks whose market value appears low relative to their underlying value
or future earnings and growth potential. Emphasis also will be placed on
securities of companies that temporarily may be out of favor or whose value is
not yet recognized by the market.
TREND SERIES -- seeks long-term capital appreciation by investing primarily in
small-cap common stocks and convertible securities of emerging and other
growth-oriented companies. These securities will have been judged to be
responsive to changes in the marketplace and to have fundamental characteristics
to support growth. Income is not an objective.
INTERNATIONAL EQUITY SERIES -- seeks long-term growth without undue risk to
principal by investing primarily in equity securities of foreign issuers
providing the potential for capital appreciation and income.
EMERGING MARKETS SERIES -- seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation. It
seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in equity securities of
issuers located or operating in emerging countries. The Series is an
international fund. As such, under normal market conditions, at least 65% of the
Series' assets will be invested in equity securities of issuers organized or
having a majority of their assets or deriving a majority of their operating
income in at least three countries that are considered to be emerging or
developing.
DELAWARE BALANCED SERIES -- seeks a balance of capital appreciation, income and
preservation of capital. It uses a dividend-oriented valuation strategy to
select securities issued by established companies that are believed to
demonstrate potential for income and capital growth. This Fund formerly was
known as Delaware Series.
DELCHESTER SERIES -- seeks as high a current income as possible by investing in
rated and unrated corporate bonds (including high-yield bonds commonly known as
"junk bonds"), U.S. government securities and commercial paper. Please read the
Fund's prospectus disclosure regarding the risk factors before investing in this
Fund.
CAPITAL RESERVES SERIES -- seeks a high, stable level of current income while
minimizing fluctuations in principal by investing in a diversified portfolio of
short- and intermediate-term securities.
STRATEGIC INCOME SERIES -- seeks high current income and total return. It seeks
to achieve its objective by using a multi-sector investment approach, investing
primarily in three sectors of the fixed-income securities market: high yield,
higher-risk securities; investment grade fixed-income securities; and foreign
government and other foreign fixed-income securities. The Fund also may invest
in U.S. equity securities.
CASH RESERVE SERIES -- a money market fund which seeks the highest level of
income consistent with the preservation of capital and liquidity through
investments in short-term money market instruments.
18
<PAGE>
MONEY MARKET FUND -- The Money Market Fund is invested in a diversified
portfolio of high-quality, short-term money market instruments with the
objective of obtaining maximum current income consistent with the preservation
of capital and liquidity.
CERTAIN UNDERLYING FUNDS HAVE INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND/OR POLICIES SIMILAR TO
THOSE OF CERTAIN OTHER UNDERLYING FUNDS. THEREFORE, TO CHOOSE THE SUB-ACCOUNTS
WHICH WILL BEST MEET YOUR NEEDS AND OBJECTIVES, CAREFULLY READ THE PROSPECTUSES
OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS ALONG WITH THIS PROSPECTUS. IN SOME STATES, INSURANCE
REGULATIONS MAY RESTRICT THE AVAILABILITY OF PARTICULAR SUB-ACCOUNTS.
If required in your state, in the event of a material change in the investment
policy of a Sub-Account or the Underlying Fund in which it invests, you will be
notified of the change. If you have Certificate Value in that Sub-Account, the
Company will transfer it without charge on written request by you to another
Sub-Account or to the General Account. The Company must receive your Written
Request within sixty (60) days of the later of (1) the effective date of such
change in the investment policy, or (2) the receipt of the notice of your right
to transfer. You may then change your premium and deduction allocation
percentages.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
For managing the portfolios of the Underlying Funds and making the investment
decisions, the investment advisers are paid an annual fee based on the average
daily net assets of their respective Underlying Series for management services.
The Cash Reserve Series management fee rate is as follows: 0.45% on the first
$500 million, 0.40% on the next $500 million, 0.35% on the next $1,500 million
and 0.30% on assets in excess of $2,500 million; the Capital Reserves Series
management fee rate is as follows: 0.50% on the first $500 million, 0.475% on
the next $500 million, 0.45% on the next $1,500 million and 0.425% on assets in
excess of $2,500 million; the Growth & Income Series, Delchester Series,
Delaware Balanced Series, Devon Series and Strategic Income Series management
fee rate is as follows: 0.65% on the first $500 million, 0.60% on the next $500
million, 0.55% on the next $1,500 million and 0.50% on assets in excess of
$2,500 million; the DelCap Series, Small Cap Value Series, Aggressive Growth
Series, Trend Series, Social Awareness Series, REIT Series, management fee rate
is as follows: 0.75% on the first $500 million, 0.70% on the next $500 million,
0.65% on the next $1,500 million and 0.60% on assets in excess of $2,500
million; the International Equity Series management fee rate is as follows:
0.85% on the first $500 million, 0.80% on the next $500 million, 0.75% on the
next $1,500 million and 0.70% on assets in excess of $2,500 million; and the
Emerging Markets Series management fee rate is as follows: 1.25% on the first
$500 million, 1.20% on the next $500 million, 1.15% on the next $1,500 million
and 1.10% on assets in excess of $2,500 million.
For providing its services under the Management Agreement, AFIMS will receive a
fee, computed daily at an annual rate based on the average daily net asset value
of the Money Market Fund as follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Money Market Fund First $50 million 0.35%
Next $200 million 0.25%
Over $250 million 0.20%
</TABLE>
ADDITION, DELETION OR SUBSTITUTION OF INVESTMENTS
The Company reserves the right, subject to applicable law, to make additions to,
deletions from, or substitutions for the shares that are held in the
Sub-Accounts or that the Sub-Accounts may purchase. If the shares of any
Underlying Fund are no longer available for investment or if, in the Company's
judgment, further investment in any Underlying Fund should become inappropriate
in view of the purposes of the Separate Account or the affected Sub-Account, the
Company may redeem the shares of that Underlying Fund and substitute shares of
another registered open-end management company. The Company will not substitute
any shares attributable to a Certificate interest in a Sub-Account without
notice to the Certificate Owner and prior approval of the SEC and state
insurance authorities, to the extent required by the 1940 Act or other
applicable
19
<PAGE>
law. The Separate Account may, to the extent permitted by law, purchase other
securities for other certificates or permit a conversion between certificates
upon request by a Certificate Owner.
The Company also reserves the right to establish additional Sub-Accounts of the
Separate Account, each of which would invest in shares corresponding to a new
Underlying Fund, or in shares of another investment company having a specified
investment objective. Subject to applicable law and any required SEC approval,
the Company may, in its sole discretion, establish new Sub-Accounts or eliminate
one or more Sub-Accounts if marketing needs, tax considerations or investment
conditions warrant. Any new Sub-Accounts may be made available to existing
Certificate Owners on a basis to be determined by the Company.
Shares of the Series of DGPF are also issued to variable annuity and variable
life separate accounts of other unaffiliated insurance companies ("mixed and
shared funding"). Shares of the Money Market Fund of the Trust are also issued
to separate accounts of the Company and its affiliates which issue variable
annuity and variable life contracts ("mixed funding"). It is conceivable that in
the future such mixed funding or shared funding may be disadvantageous for
variable life contract owners or variable annuity contract owners. Although the
Company, DGPF and the Trust do not currently foresee any such disadvantages to
either variable life insurance contract owners or variable annuity contract
owners, the Company and the respective Trustees intend to monitor events in
order to identify any material conflicts between such contract owners and to
determine what action, if any, should be taken in response thereto. If the
Trustees were to conclude that separate funds should be established for variable
life and variable annuity separate accounts, the Company will bear the attendant
expenses.
If any of these substitutions or changes are made, the Company may, by
appropriate endorsement, change the Certificate to reflect the substitution or
change and will notify Certificate Owners of all such changes. If the Company
deems it to be in the best interest of Certificate Owners, and subject to any
approvals that may be required under applicable law, the Separate Account or any
Sub-Accounts may be operated as a management company under the 1940 Act, may be
deregistered under the 1940 Act if registration is no longer required, or may be
combined with other Sub-Accounts or other separate accounts of the Company.
VOTING RIGHTS
To the extent required by law, the Company will vote Underlying Fund shares held
by each Sub-Account in accordance with instructions received from Certificate
Owners with Certificate Value in such Sub-Account. If the 1940 Act or any rules
thereunder should be amended, or if the present interpretation of the 1940 Act
or such rules should change, and as a result the Company determines that it is
permitted to vote shares in its own right, whether or not such shares are
attributable to the Certificates, the Company reserves the right to do so.
Each person having a voting interest will be provided with proxy materials of
the respective Underlying Fund, together with an appropriate form with which to
give voting instructions to the Company. Shares held in each Sub-Account for
which no timely instructions are received will be voted in proportion to the
instructions received from all persons with an interest in such Sub-Account
furnishing instructions to the Company. The Company will also vote shares held
in the Separate Account that it owns and which are not attributable to
Certificates in the same proportion.
The number of votes which a Certificate Owner has the right to instruct will be
determined by the Company as of the record date established for the Underlying
Fund. This number is determined by dividing each Certificate Owner's Certificate
Value in the Sub-Account, if any, by the net asset value of one share in the
corresponding Underlying Fund in which the assets of the Sub-Account are
invested.
20
<PAGE>
We may, when required by state insurance regulatory authorities, disregard
voting instructions if the instructions require that the Fund shares be voted so
as (1) to cause a change in the subclassification or investment objective of one
or more of the Underlying Funds, or (2) to approve or disapprove an investment
advisory contract for the Underlying Funds. In addition, We may disregard voting
instructions that are in favor of any change in the investment policies or in
any investment adviser or principal underwriter if the change has been initiated
by Certificate Owners or the Trustees. Our disapproval of any such change must
be reasonable and, in the case of a change in investment policies or investment
adviser, based on a good faith determination that such change would be contrary
to state law or otherwise is inappropriate in light of the objectives and
purposes of the Funds. In the event We do disregard voting instructions, a
summary of and the reasons for that action will be included in the next periodic
report to Certificate Owners.
THE CERTIFICATE
ENROLLMENT FORM FOR A CERTIFICATE
Upon receipt at its Principal Office of a completed enrollment form from a
prospective Certificate Owner, the Company will follow certain insurance
underwriting procedures designed to determine whether the proposed Insured is
insurable. This process may involve such verification procedures as medical
examinations and may require that further information be provided by the
proposed Certificate Owner before a determination of insurability can be made. A
Certificate cannot be issued until this underwriting procedure has been
completed. The Company reserves the right to reject an enrollment form which
does not meet the Company's underwriting guidelines, but in underwriting
insurance, the Company shall comply with all applicable federal and state
prohibitions concerning unfair discrimination.
At the time of enrollment, the proposed insured will complete an enrollment
form, which lists the proposed amount of insurance and indicates how much of
that insurance is considered eligible for simplified underwriting. If the
eligibility questions on the enrollment form are answered "No," the Company will
provide immediate coverage equal to the simplified underwriting amount. If the
proposed insured is in a standard premium class, any insurance in excess of the
simplified underwriting amount will begin on the date the enrollment form and
medical examinations, if any, are completed. If the proposed insured cannot
answer the eligibility questions "No," and if the proposed insured is not a
standard risk, insurance coverage will begin only after the Company (1) approves
the enrollment form, (2) the Certificate is delivered and accepted, and (3) the
first premium is paid.
Pending completion of insurance underwriting and Certificate issuance
procedures, any initial premiums will be held in the General Account. If the
enrollment form is approved and the Certificate is issued and accepted, the
initial premium held in the General Account will be credited with interest not
later than the date of receipt of the premium at the Principal Office. IF THE
CERTIFICATE IS NOT ISSUED, THE PREMIUMS WILL BE RETURNED TO YOU WITHOUT
INTEREST.
If the Certificate provides for a full refund of the initial payment under its
"Right-to-Examine Certificate" provision as required in your state, all
Certificate Value in the General Account that you initially designated to go to
the Sub-Accounts will be transferred to the Sub-Account investing in the Cash
Reserve Series of DGPF upon Issuance and Acceptance of the Certificate. All
Certificate Value will be allocated as you have chosen not later than the
expiration of the period during which you may exercise the "Right-to-Examine
Certificate" provision. If the "Payor Provision" is in effect, (see CERTIFICATE
TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT -- "Payor Provisions"), Payor premiums which are
not "excess premiums" will be transferred to the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account
not later than three days after underwriting approval of the Certificate.
FREE-LOOK PERIOD
The Certificate provides for an initial Free-Look Period. You may cancel the
Certificate by mailing or delivering it to the Principal Office or to an agent
of the Company on or before the latest of (a) 45 days after
21
<PAGE>
the enrollment form for the Certificate is signed, (b) 10 days (20 or 30 days if
required in your state) after you receive the Certificate, (c) 10 days after the
Company mails or personally delivers a Notice of Withdrawal Rights to you, or
(d) 60 days after you receive the Policy, if the Policy was purchased in New
York as a replacement for an existing policy.
When you return the Certificate, the Company will mail a refund within seven
days. The refund of any premium paid by check may be delayed until the check has
cleared your bank. If the Certificate provides for a full refund of the initial
premium under its "Right-to-Examine Certificate" provision as required in your
state, or if the Certificate was issued in New York as a replacement, your
refund will be the greater of (a) your entire premium, or (b) the Certificate
Value plus deductions under the Certificate or by the Underlying Funds for
taxes, charges or fees. If the Certificate does not provide for a full refund of
the initial premium, you will receive the Certificate Value in the Separate
Account, plus premiums paid (including fees and charges), minus the amounts
allocated to the Separate Account, plus the fees and charges imposed on amounts
in the Separate Account.
After an increase in the Face Amount, a right to cancel the increase also
applies. The Company will mail or personally deliver a notice of a "Free Look"
with respect to the increase. You will have the right to cancel the increase
before the latest of (a) 45 days after the enrollment form for the increase is
signed, (b) 10 days after you receive the new specifications pages issued for
the increase, or (c) 10 days (20 or 30 days if required in your state) after the
Company mails or delivers a Notice of Withdrawal Rights to you. Upon canceling
the increase, you will receive a credit to the Certificate Value of charges
which would not have been deducted but for the increase. The amount to be
credited will be refunded if you so request. The Company will also waive any
surrender charge calculated for the increase.
CONVERSION PRIVILEGES
Once during the first 24 months after the Date of Issue or after the effective
date of an increase in Face Amount, while the Certificate is in force, you may
convert your Certificate without Evidence of Insurability
to a flexible premium adjustable life insurance policy with fixed and guaranteed
minimum benefits. Assuming that there have been no increases in the initial Face
Amount, you can accomplish this within 24 months after the Date of Issue by
transferring, without charge, the Certificate Value in the Separate Account to
the General Account and by simultaneously changing your premium allocation
instructions to allocate future premium payments to the General Account. Within
24 months after the effective date of each increase, you can transfer, without
charge, all or part of the Certificate Value in the Separate Account to the
General Account and simultaneously change your premium allocation instructions
to allocate all or part of future premium payments to the General Account.
Where required by state law, and at your request, the Company will issue a
flexible premium adjustable life insurance policy to you. The new policy will
have the same face amount, issue age, date of issue, and risk classification as
the original Certificate.
PREMIUM PAYMENTS
Premium payments are payable to the Company, and may be mailed to the Principal
Office or paid through an authorized agent of the Company. All premium payments
after the initial premium payment are credited to the Separate Account or
General Account as of date of receipt at the Principal Office.
You may establish a schedule of planned premiums which will be billed by the
Company at regular intervals. Failure to pay planned premiums, however, will not
itself cause the Certificate to lapse. You may also make unscheduled premium
payments at any time prior to the Final Premium Payment Date or skip planned
premium payments, subject to the maximum and minimum premium limitations
described below. Therefore, unlike conventional insurance policies, a
Certificate does not obligate you to pay premiums in accordance with a rigid and
inflexible premium schedule.
22
<PAGE>
You may also elect to pay premiums by means of a monthly automatic payment
("MAP") procedure. Under a MAP procedure, amounts will be deducted from your
checking account each month, generally on the Monthly Processing Date, and
applied as a premium under the Certificate. The minimum payment permitted under
MAP is $50.
Premiums are not limited as to frequency and number. However, no premium payment
may be less than $100 without the Company's consent. Moreover, premium payments
must be sufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction plus loan interest
accrued, or the Certificate may lapse. See CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND
REINSTATEMENT.
In no event may the total of all premiums paid exceed the current maximum
premium limitations set forth in the Certificate, if required by federal tax
laws. These maximum premium limitations will change whenever there is any change
in the Face Amount, the addition or deletion of a rider, or a change in the
Death Benefit Option. If a premium is paid which would result in total premiums
exceeding the current maximum premium limitations, the Company will only accept
that portion of the premiums which shall make total premiums equal the maximum.
Any part of the premiums in excess of that amount will be returned and no
further premiums will be accepted until allowed by the current maximum premium
limitation prescribed by Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") rules. Notwithstanding
the current maximum premium limitations, however, the Company will accept a
premium which is needed in order to prevent a lapse of the Certificate during a
Certificate year. See CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT.
ALLOCATION OF NET PREMIUMS
The Net Premium equals the premium paid less any premium expense charge. In the
enrollment form for the Certificate, you indicate the initial allocation of Net
Premiums among the General Account and the Sub-Accounts of the Separate Account.
You may allocate premiums to one or more Sub-Accounts, but may not have
Certificate Value in more than twenty Sub-Accounts at any one time. The minimum
amount which may be allocated to a Sub-Account is 1% of Net Premium paid.
Allocation percentages must be in whole numbers (for example, 33 1/3% may not be
chosen) and must total 100%. You may change the allocation of future Net
Premiums at any time pursuant to written or telephone request. If allocation
changes by telephone are elected by the Certificate Owner, a properly completed
authorization form must be on file before telephone requests will be honored.
The policy of the Company and its agents and affiliates is that they will not be
responsible for losses resulting from acting upon telephone requests reasonably
believed to be genuine. The Company will employ reasonable procedures to confirm
that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine; otherwise, the Company
may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. The
procedures the Company follows for transactions initiated by telephone may
include requirements that callers on behalf of a Certificate Owner identify
themselves by name and identify the Certificate Owner by name, date of birth, or
social security number. All transfer instructions by telephone are tape
recorded. An allocation change will be effective as of the date of receipt of
the notice at the Principal Office. No charge is currently imposed for changing
premium allocation instructions. The Company reserves the right to impose such a
charge in the future, but guarantees that the charge will not exceed $25.
The Certificate Value in the Sub-Accounts will vary with their investment
experience; you bear this investment risk. The investment performance may affect
the Death Proceeds as well. Certificate Owners should periodically review their
allocations of premiums and Certificate Value in light of market conditions and
overall financial planning requirements.
TRANSFER PRIVILEGE
Subject to the Company's then current rules, you may at any time transfer the
Certificate Value among the Sub-Accounts or between a Sub-Account and the
General Account. However, the Certificate Value held in the General Account to
secure a Certificate loan may not be transferred.
23
<PAGE>
All requests for transfers must be made to the Principal Office. The amount
transferred will be based on the Certificate Value in the Accounts next computed
after receipt of the transfer order. The Company will make transfers pursuant to
written or telephone requests. As discussed in THE CERTIFICATE -- "Allocation of
Net Premiums," a properly completed authorization form must be on file at the
Principal Office before telephone requests will be honored.
Transfers to and from the General Account are currently permitted only if:
(a) There has been at least a ninety (90) day period since the last transfer
from the General Account; and
(b) The amount transferred from the General Account in each transfer does not
exceed the lesser of $100,000 or 25% of the Accumulated Value under the
Certificate.
These rules are subject to change by the Company.
DOLLAR COST AVERAGING AND AUTOMATIC REBALANCING OPTIONS
You may have automatic transfers of at least $100 each made on a periodic basis
(a) from the Sub-Account which invests in the Cash Reserve Series to one or more
of the other Sub-Accounts ("Dollar Cost Averaging Option"), or (b) to
automatically reallocate Certificate Value among the Sub-Accounts ("Automatic
Rebalancing Option"). Automatic transfers may be made on a monthly, bimonthly,
quarterly, semiannual or annual schedule. Generally, all transfers will be
processed on the 15th of each scheduled month. However, if the 15th is not a
business day or is the Monthly Processing Date, the automatic transfer will be
processed on the next business day. The Dollar Cost Averaging Option and the
Automatic Rebalancing Option may not be in effect at the same time.
TRANSFER PRIVILEGE SUBJECT TO POSSIBLE LIMITATIONS
The transfer privilege is subject to the consent of the Company. The Company
reserves the right to impose limitations on transfers including, but not limited
to: (1) the minimum amount that may be transferred, (2) the minimum amount that
may remain in a Sub-Account following a transfer from that Sub-Account, (3) the
minimum period of time between transfers involving the General Account, and (4)
the maximum amount that may be transferred each time from the General Account.
The first twelve transfers in a Certificate year will be free of any charge.
Thereafter, a $10 transfer charge will be deducted from the amount transferred
for each transfer in that Certificate year. The Company may increase or decrease
this charge, but it is guaranteed never to exceed $25. The first automatic
transfer counts as one transfer towards the twelve free transfers allowed in
each Certificate year; each subsequent automatic transfer is without charge and
does not reduce the remaining number of transfers which may be made free of
charge. Any transfers made with respect to a conversion privilege, Certificate
loan or material change in investment policy will not count towards the twelve
free transfers.
ELECTION OF DEATH BENEFIT OPTIONS
Federal tax law requires a minimum death benefit in relation to cash value for a
Certificate to qualify as life insurance. Under current federal tax law, either
the Guideline Premium test or the Cash Value Accumulation test can be used to
determine if the Certificate complies with the definition of "life insurance" in
Section 7702 of the Code. At the time of application, the Employer may elect
either of the tests.
The Guideline Premium test limits the amount of premiums payable under a
Certificate to a certain amount for an insured of a particular age and sex.
Under the Guideline Premium test, the Certificate Owner may choose between Death
Benefit Option 1 and Option 2, as described below. After issuance of the
Certificate, the Certificate Owner may change the selection from Option 1 to
Option 2 or vice versa. The Cash Value Accumulation test requires that the Death
Benefit must be sufficient so that the cash Surrender Value, as defined in
Section 7702, does not at any time exceed the net single premium required to
fund the future benefits under the Certificate. In the event the maximum premium
limit applies, we reserve the right to obtain
24
<PAGE>
evidence of insurability which is satisfactory to us as a condition to accepting
excess premium. If the Cash Value Accumulation test is chosen by the employer,
ONLY Death Benefit Option 3 will apply. Death Benefits Option 1 and Option 2 are
NOT available under the Cash Value Accumulation test.
GUIDELINE PREMIUM TEST AND CASH VALUE ACCUMULATION TEST
There are two main differences between the Guideline Premium test and the Cash
Value Accumulation test. First, the Guideline Premium test limits the amount of
premium that may be paid into a Certificate, while no such limits apply under
the Cash Value Accumulation test. Second, the factors that determine the minimum
Death Benefit relative to the Certificate Value are different. Required
increases in the minimum Death Benefit due to growth in Certificate Value will
generally be greater under the Cash Value Accumulation test than under the
Guideline Premium test. APPLICANTS FOR A POLICY SHOULD CONSULT A QUALIFIED TAX
ADVISER IN CHOOSING A DEATH BENEFIT ELECTION.
OPTION 1 -- LEVEL DEATH BENEFIT
Under Option 1, the Death Benefit is equal to the greater of the Face Amount or
the Minimum Death Benefit, as set forth in the table below. Under Option 1, the
Death Benefit will remain level unless the Minimum Death Benefit is greater than
the Face Amount, in which case the Death Benefit will vary as the Certificate
Value varies. Option 1 will offer the best opportunity for the Certificate Value
under a Certificate to increase without increasing the Death Benefit as quickly
as it might under the other options. The Death Benefit will never go below the
Face Amount.
OPTION 2 -- ADJUSTABLE DEATH BENEFIT
Under Option 2, the Death Benefit is equal to the greater of the Face Amount
plus the Certificate Value or the Minimum Death Benefit, as set forth in the
table below. The Death Benefit will, therefore, vary as the Certificate Value
changes, but will never be less than the Face Amount. Option 2 will offer the
best opportunity for the Certificate Owner who would like to have an increasing
Death Benefit as early as possible. The Death Benefit will increase whenever
there is an increase in the Certificate Value, and will decrease whenever there
is a decrease in the Certificate Value, but will never go below the Face Amount.
OPTION 3 -- LEVEL DEATH BENEFIT WITH CASH VALUE ACCUMULATION TEST
Under Option 3, the Death Benefit will equal the Face Amount, unless the
Certificate Value, multiplied by the applicable Option 3 Death Benefit Factor,
results in a higher Death Benefit. A complete list of Option 3 Death Benefit
Factors is set forth in the Certificate. The applicable Death Benefit Factor
depends upon the sex, risk classification, and then-attained age of the Insured.
The Death Benefit Factor decreases slightly from year to year as the attained
age of the Insured increases. Option 3 will offer the best opportunity for the
Certificate Owner who is looking for an increasing death benefit in later
Certificate years and/or would like to fund the Certificate at the "seven-pay"
limit for the full seven years. When the Certificate Value multiplied by the
applicable Death Benefit Factor exceeds the Face Amount, the Death Benefit will
increase whenever there is an increase in the Certificate Value, and will
decrease whenever there is a decrease in the Certificate Value, but will never
go below the Face Amount. OPTION 3 MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN ALL STATES.
DEATH PROCEEDS
As long as the Certificate remains in force (see CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND
REINSTATEMENT), the Company will, upon due proof of the Insured's death, pay the
Death Proceeds of the Certificate to the named Beneficiary. The Company will
normally pay the Death Proceeds within seven days of receiving due proof of the
Insured's death, but the Company may delay payments under certain circumstances.
See OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS -- "Postponement of Payments." The Death
Proceeds may be received by the Beneficiary in a lump sum or under one or more
of the payment options the Company offers. See APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT OPTIONS.
The Death Proceeds payable depend on the current Face Amount and the Death
Benefit Option that is in effect on the date of death. Prior to the Final
Premium Payment Date, the Death Proceeds are: (a) the Death Benefit provided
under Option 1, Option 2, or Option 3, whichever is in effect on
25
<PAGE>
the date of death; plus (b) any additional insurance on the Insured's life that
is provided by rider; minus (c) any outstanding Debt, any partial withdrawals
and partial withdrawal charges, and any Monthly Deductions due and unpaid
through the Certificate month in which the Insured dies. After the Final Premium
Payment Date, the Death Proceeds equal the Surrender Value of the Certificate.
The amount of Death Proceeds payable will be determined as of the date of the
Company's receipt of due proof of the Insured's death.
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT DEATH BENEFIT OPTIONS 1 AND 2
If the Guideline Premium Test is chosen by the Employer, the Certificate Owner
may choose between Death Benefit Option 1 or Option 2. The Certificate Owner may
designate the desired Death Benefit Option in the enrollment form, and may
change the option once per Certificate year by Written Request. There is no
charge for a change in option.
MINIMUM DEATH BENEFIT UNDER OPTION 1 AND OPTION 2
The Minimum Death Benefit under Option 1 or Option 2 is equal to a percentage of
the Certificate Value as set forth below. The Minimum Death Benefit is
determined in accordance with the Code regulations to ensure that the
Certificate qualifies as a life insurance contract and that the insurance
proceeds may be excluded from the gross income of the Beneficiary.
MINIMUM DEATH BENEFIT TABLE
(Option 1 and Option 2)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Age of Insured Percentage of
on Date of Death Certificate Value
- ---------------------------------------------------------- -------------------
<S> <C>
40 and under.......................................... 250%
45.................................................... 215%
50.................................................... 185%
55.................................................... 150%
60.................................................... 130%
65.................................................... 120%
70.................................................... 115%
75.................................................... 105%
80.................................................... 105%
85.................................................... 105%
90.................................................... 105%
95 and above.......................................... 100%
</TABLE>
For the Ages not listed, the progression between the listed Ages is linear.
For any Face Amount, the amount of the Death Benefit and thus the Death Proceeds
will be greater under Option 2 than under Option 1, since the Certificate Value
is added to the specified Face Amount and included in the Death Proceeds only
under Option 2. However, the cost of insurance included in the Monthly Deduction
will be greater, and thus the rate at which Certificate Value will accumulate
will be slower, under Option 2 than under Option 1. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- -- "Monthly Deduction from Certificate Value."
If you desire to have premium payments and investment performance reflected in
the amount of the Death Benefit, you should choose Option 2. If you desire
premium payments and investment performance reflected to the maximum extent in
the Certificate Value, you should select Option 1.
ILLUSTRATION OF OPTION 1
For purposes of this illustration, assume that the Insured is under the Age of
40, and that there is no outstanding Debt.
26
<PAGE>
Under Option 1, a Certificate with a $50,000 Face Amount will generally have a
Death Benefit equal to $50,000. However, because the Death Benefit must be equal
to or greater than 250% of Certificate Value, if at any time the Certificate
Value exceeds $20,000, the Death Benefit will exceed the $50,000 Face Amount. In
this example, each additional dollar of Certificate Value above $20,000 will
increase the Death Benefit by $2.50. For example, a Certificate with a
Certificate Value of $35,000 will have a Minimum Death Benefit of $87,500
($35,000 X 2.50); Certificate Value of $40,000 will produce a Minimum Death
Benefit of $100,000 ($40,000 X 2.50); and Certificate Value of $50,000 will
produce a Minimum Death Benefit of $125,000 ($50,000 X 2.50).
Similarly, if Certificate Value exceeds $20,000, each dollar taken out of
Certificate Value will reduce the Death Benefit by $2.50. If, for example, the
Certificate Value is reduced from $25,000 to $20,000 because of partial
withdrawals, charges or negative investment performance, the Death Benefit will
be reduced from $62,500 to $50,000. If at any time, however, the Certificate
Value multiplied by the applicable percentage is less than the Face Amount, the
Death Benefit will equal the Face Amount of the Certificate.
The applicable percentage becomes lower as the Insured's Age increases. If the
Insured's Age in the above example were, for example, 50 (rather than between 0
and 40), the applicable percentage would be 185%. The Death Benefit would not
exceed the $50,000 Face Amount unless the Certificate Value exceeded $27,027
(rather than $20,000), and each dollar then added to or taken from Certificate
Value would change the Death Benefit by $1.85.
ILLUSTRATION OF OPTION 2
For purposes of this illustration, assume that the Insured is under the Age of
40 and that there is no outstanding Debt.
Under Option 2, a Certificate with a Face Amount of $50,000 will generally
produce a Death Benefit of $50,000 plus Certificate Value. For example, a
Certificate with Certificate Value of $5,000 will produce a Death Benefit of
$55,000 ($50,000 + $5,000); Certificate Value of $10,000 will produce a Death
Benefit of $60,000 ($50,000 + $10,000); Certificate Value of $25,000 will
produce a Death Benefit of $75,000 ($50,000 + $25,000). However, the Death
Benefit must be at least 250% of the Certificate Value. Therefore, if the
Certificate Value is greater than $33,333, 250% of that amount will be the Death
Benefit, which will be greater than the Face Amount plus Certificate Value. In
this example, each additional dollar of Certificate Value above $33,333 will
increase the Death Benefit by $2.50. For example, if the Certificate Value is
$35,000, the Minimum Death Benefit will be $87,500 ($35,000 X 2.50); Certificate
Value of $40,000 will produce a Minimum Death Benefit of $100,000 ($40,000 X
2.50); and Certificate Value of $50,000 will produce a Minimum Death Benefit of
$125,000 ($50,000 X 2.50).
Similarly, if Certificate Value exceeds $33,333, each dollar taken out of
Certificate Value will reduce the Death Benefit by $2.50. If, for example, the
Certificate Value is reduced from $45,000 to $40,000 because of partial
withdrawals, charges or negative investment performance, the Death Benefit will
be reduced from $112,500 to $100,000. If at any time, however, Certificate Value
multiplied by the applicable percentage is less than the Face Amount plus
Certificate Value, then the Death Benefit will be the current Face Amount plus
Certificate Value.
The applicable percentage becomes lower as the Insured's Age increases. If the
Insured's Age in the above example were 50, the Death Benefit must be at least
1.85 times the Certificate Value. The amount of the Death Benefit would be the
sum of the Certificate Value plus $50,000 unless the Certificate Value exceeded
$58,824 (rather than $33,333). Each dollar added to or subtracted from the
Certificate would change the Death Benefit by $1.85.
The Death Benefit under Option 2 will always be the greater of the Face Amount
plus Certificate Value or the Certificate Value multiplied by the applicable
percentage.
27
<PAGE>
CHANGE IN DEATH BENEFIT OPTION
Generally, if Death Benefit Option 1 or Option 2 is in effect, the Death Benefit
Option in effect may be changed once each Certificate year by sending a Written
Request for change to the Principal Office. The effective date of any such
change will be the Monthly Processing Date on or following the date of receipt
of the request. No charges will be imposed on changes in Death Benefit Options.
IF OPTION 3 IS IN EFFECT, YOU MAY NOT CHANGE TO EITHER OPTION 1 OR OPTION 2.
If the Death Benefit Option is changed from Option 2 to Option 1, the Face
Amount will be increased to equal the Death Benefit which would have been
payable under Option 2 on the effective date of the change (i.e., the Face
Amount immediately prior to the change plus the Certificate Value on the date of
the change). The amount of the Death Benefit will not be altered at the time of
the change. However, the change in option will affect the determination of the
Death Benefit from that point on, since the Certificate Value will no longer be
added to the Face Amount in determining the Death Benefit. The Death Benefit
will equal the new Face Amount (or, if higher, the Minimum Death Benefit). The
cost of insurance may be higher or lower than it otherwise would have been since
any increases or decreases in Certificate Value will, respectively, reduce or
increase the Insurance Amount at Risk under Option 1. Assuming a positive net
investment return with respect to any amounts in the Separate Account, changing
the Death Benefit Option from Option 2 to Option 1 will reduce the Insurance
Amount at Risk and, therefore, the cost of insurance charge for all subsequent
Monthly Deductions, compared to what such charge would have been if no such
change were made. If the Death Benefit Option is changed from Option 1 to Option
2, the Face Amount will be decreased to equal the Death Benefit less the
Certificate Value on the effective date of the change. This change may not be
made if it would result in a Face Amount less than $40,000. A change from Option
1 to Option 2 will not alter the amount of the Death Benefit at the time of the
change, but will affect the determination of the Death Benefit from that point
on. Because the Certificate Value will be added to the new specified Face
Amount, the Death Benefit will vary with the Certificate Value. Thus, under
Option 2, the Insurance Amount at Risk will always equal the Face Amount unless
the Minimum Death Benefit is in effect. The cost of insurance may also be higher
or lower than it otherwise would have been without the change in Death Benefit
Option. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly Deduction from Certificate
Value."
A change in Death Benefit Option may result in total premiums paid exceeding the
then current maximum premium limitation determined by Internal Revenue Service
Rules. In such event, the Company will pay the excess to the Certificate Owner.
See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Premium Payments."
CHANGE IN FACE AMOUNT
Subject to certain limitations, you may increase or decrease the specified Face
Amount of a Certificate at any time by submitting a Written Request to the
Company. Any increase or decrease in the specified Face Amount requested by you
will become effective on the Monthly Processing Date on or next following the
date of receipt of the request at the Principal Office or, if Evidence of
Insurability is required, the date of approval of the request.
INCREASES
Along with the Written Request for an increase, you must submit satisfactory
Evidence of Insurability. The consent of the Insured is also required whenever
the Face Amount is increased. A request for an increase in the Face Amount may
not be less than an amount determined by the Company. This amount varies by
group but in no event will this amount exceed $10,000. You may not increase the
Face Amount after the Insured reaches Age 80. An increase must be accompanied by
an additional premium if the Certificate Value is less than $50 plus an amount
equal to the sum of two Monthly Deductions. On the effective date of each
increase in the Face Amount, a transaction charge of $2.50 per $1,000 of
increase up to $40, will be deducted from the Certificate Value for
administrative costs. The effective date of the increase will be the first
Monthly Processing Date on or following the date all of the conditions for the
increase are met.
28
<PAGE>
An increase in the Face Amount will generally affect the Insurance Amount at
Risk, and may affect the portion of the Insurance Amount at Risk included in
various Underwriting Classes (if more than one Underwriting Class applies), both
of which may affect the monthly cost of insurance charges. A surrender charge
will also be calculated for the increase. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly
Deduction from Certificate Value" and "Surrender Charge."
After increasing the Face Amount, you will have the right (1) during a Free-Look
Period, to have the increase cancelled and the charges which would not have been
deducted but for the increase will be credited to the Certificate, and (2)
during the first 24 months following the increase, to transfer any or all
Certificate Value to the General Account free of charge. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Free-Look Period" and "Conversion Privileges." A refund of charges which would
not have been deducted but for the increase will be made at your request.
DECREASES
The minimum amount for a decrease in the Face Amount is $10,000. By current
Company practice, the Face Amount in force after any decrease may not be less
than $50,000. If, following a decrease in the Face Amount, the Certificate would
not comply with the maximum premium limitation applicable under the IRS rules,
the decrease may be limited or Certificate Value may be returned to the
Certificate Owner (at your election) to the extent necessary to meet the
requirements. A return of Certificate Value may result in tax liability to you.
A decrease in the Face Amount will affect the total Insurance Amount at Risk and
the portion of the Insurance Amount at Risk covered by various Underwriting
Classes, both of which may affect a Certificate Owner's monthly cost of
insurance charges. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly Deduction from
Certificate Value."
For purposes of determining the cost of insurance charge, any decrease in the
Face Amount will reduce the Face Amount in the following order: (a) the Face
Amount provided by the most recent increase; (b) the next most recent increases
successively; and (c) the initial Face Amount. This order will also be used to
determine whether a surrender charge will be deducted and in what amount. If the
Face Amount is decreased while the Payor Provisions apply (see CERTIFICATE
TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT -- "Termination"), the above order may be modified
to determine the cost of insurance charge. You may then reduce or eliminate any
Face Amount for which you are paying the insurance charges, on a
last-in/first-out basis, before you reduce or eliminate amounts of insurance
which are paid by the Payor.
If you request a decrease in the Face Amount, the amount of any surrender charge
deducted will reduce the current Certificate Value. On the effective date of
each decrease in the Face Amount, a transaction charge of $2.50 per $1,000 of
decrease, up to a maximum of $40, will be deducted from the Certificate Value
for administrative costs. You may specify one Sub-Account from which the
transaction charge and, if applicable, any surrender charge will be deducted. If
you do not specify a Sub-Account, the Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation.
The current surrender charge will be reduced by the amount of any surrender
charge deducted. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender Charge" and APPENDIX D
- -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES.
CERTIFICATE VALUE AND SURRENDER VALUE
The Certificate Value is the total amount available for investment and is equal
to the sum of the accumulation in the General Account and the value of the Units
in the Sub-Accounts. The Certificate Value is used in determining the Surrender
Value (the Certificate Value less any Debt and any surrender charge). See THE
CERTIFICATE -- "Surrender." There is no guaranteed minimum Certificate Value.
Because Certificate Value on any date depends upon a number of variables, it
cannot be predetermined. Certificate Value and Surrender Value will reflect
frequency and amount of Net Premiums paid, interest credited to accumulations in
the General Account, the investment performance of the chosen Sub-Accounts, any
partial withdrawals,
29
<PAGE>
any loans, any loan repayments, any loan interest paid or credited, and any
charges assessed in connection with the Certificate.
CALCULATION OF CERTIFICATE VALUE
The Certificate Value is determined on the Date of Issue and on each Valuation
Date. On the Date of Issue, the Certificate Value will be the Net Premiums
received, plus any interest earned during the period when premiums are held in
the General Account (before being transferred to the Separate Account; see THE
CERTIFICATE -- "Enrollment Form for a Certificate") less any Monthly Deductions
due. On each Valuation Date after the Date of Issue the Certificate Value will
be:
(1) the sum of the values in each of the Sub-Accounts on the Valuation Date,
determined for each Sub-Account by multiplying the value of a Unit in that
Sub-Account on that date by the number of such Units allocated to the
Certificate; PLUS
(2) the value in the General Account (including any amounts transferred to the
General Account with respect to a loan).
Thus, the Certificate Value is determined by multiplying the number of Units in
each Sub-Account by their value on the particular Valuation Date, adding the
products, and adding accumulations in the General Account, if any.
THE UNIT
You allocate the Net Premiums among the Sub-Accounts. Allocations to the
Sub-Accounts are credited to the Certificate in the form of Units. Units are
credited separately for each Sub-Account.
The number of Units of each Sub-Account credited to the Certificate is equal to
the portion of the Net Premium allocated to the Sub-Account, divided by the
dollar value of the applicable Unit as of the Valuation Date the payment is
received at the Principal Office. The number of Units will remain fixed unless
changed by a subsequent split of Unit value, transfer, partial withdrawal or
surrender. In addition, if the Company is deducting the Monthly Deduction or
other charges from a Sub-Account, each such deduction will result in
cancellation of a number of Units equal in value to the amount deducted.
The dollar value of a Unit of each Sub-Account varies from Valuation Date to
Valuation Date based on the investment experience of that Sub-Account. That
experience, in turn, will reflect the investment performance, expenses and
charges of the respective Underlying Fund. The value of a Unit was set at $1.00
on the first Valuation Date for each Sub-Account. The dollar value of a Unit on
a given Valuation Date is determined by multiplying the dollar value of the
corresponding Unit as of the immediately preceding Valuation Date by the
appropriate net investment factor.
NET INVESTMENT FACTOR
The net investment factor measures the investment performance of a Sub-Account
of the Separate Account during the Valuation Period just ended. The net
investment factor for each Sub-Account is equal to 1.0000 plus the number
arrived at by dividing (a) by (b), where
(a) is the investment income of that Sub-Account for the Valuation Period, plus
capital gains, realized or unrealized, credited during the Valuation Period;
minus capital losses, realized or unrealized, charged during the Valuation
Period; adjusted for provisions made for taxes, if any; and
(b) is the value of that Sub-Account's assets at the beginning of the Valuation
Period.
The net investment factor may be greater or less than one. Therefore, the value
of a Unit may increase or decrease. You bear the investment risk. Subject to
applicable state and federal laws, the Company reserves the right to change the
methodology used to determine the net investment factor. Allocations to the
General Account are not converted into Units, but are credited interest at a
rate periodically set by the Company. See MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE GENERAL
ACCOUNT.
30
<PAGE>
PAYMENT OPTIONS
During the Insured's lifetime, you may arrange for the Death Proceeds to be paid
in a single sum or under one or more of the payment options then offered by the
Company. These payment options are also available at the Final Premium Payment
Date and if the Certificate is surrendered. If no election is made, the Company
will pay the Death Proceeds in a single sum. See APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT OPTIONS.
OPTIONAL INSURANCE BENEFITS
Subject to certain requirements, one or more of the optional insurance benefits
described in APPENDIX A -- OPTIONAL BENEFITS may be added to a Certificate by
rider. The cost of any optional insurance benefits will be deducted as part of
the Monthly Deduction. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Monthly Deduction from
Certificate Value."
SURRENDER
You may at any time surrender the Certificate and receive its Surrender Value.
The Surrender Value is the Certificate Value, less Debt and applicable surrender
charges. The Surrender Value will be calculated as of the Valuation Date on
which a Written Request for surrender and the Certificate are received at the
Principal Office. A surrender charge may be deducted when a Certificate is
surrendered if less than 15 full Certificate years have elapsed from the Date of
Issue of the Certificate or from the effective date of any increase in the Face
Amount. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS -- "Surrender Charge."
The proceeds on surrender may be paid in a lump sum or under one of the payment
options the Company offers. See APPENDIX B -- PAYMENT OPTIONS. The Company will
normally pay the Surrender Value within seven days following the Company's
receipt of the surrender request, but the Company may delay payment under the
circumstances described in OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS -- "Postponement of
Payments."
For important tax considerations which may result from surrender see FEDERAL TAX
CONSIDERATIONS.
PAID-UP INSURANCE OPTION
On Written Request, you may elect life insurance coverage, usually for a reduced
amount, for the life of the Insured with no further premiums due. The Paid-Up
Insurance will be the amount that the Surrender Value can purchase for a net
single premium at the Insured's Age and Underwriting Class on the date this
option is elected. If the Surrender Value exceeds the net single premium, we
will pay the excess to you. The net single premium is based on the Commissioners
1980 Standard Ordinary Mortality Tables, Smoker or Non-Smoker (Table B for
unisex certificates) with increases in the tables for non-standard risks.
Interest will not be less than 4.5%.
IF THE PAID-UP INSURANCE OPTION IS ELECTED, THE FOLLOWING CERTIFICATE OWNER
RIGHTS AND BENEFITS WILL BE AFFECTED:
- As described above, the Paid-Up Insurance benefit will be computed
differently from the net Death Benefit and the Death Benefit options will
not apply.
- We will not allow transfers of Certificate Value from the General Account
back to the Separate Account.
- You may not make further payments.
- You may not increase or decrease the Face Amount or make partial
withdrawals.
- Riders will continue only with our consent.
31
<PAGE>
You may, after electing Paid-Up Insurance, surrender the Certificate for its net
cash value. The guaranteed cash value is the net single premium for the Paid-Up
Insurance at the Insured's attained Age. The net cash value is the cash value
less any outstanding Debt. We will transfer the Certificate Value in the
Separate Account to the General Account on the date we receive Written Request
to elect the option.
On election of Paid-Up Insurance, the Certificate often will become a modified
endowment contract. If a Certificate becomes a modified endowment contract,
Certificate loans, partial withdrawals or surrender will receive unfavorable
federal tax treatment. See FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS -- "Modified Endowment
Contracts."
PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL
Any time after the first Certificate year, you may withdraw a portion of the
Surrender Value of the Certificate, subject to the limits stated below, upon
Written Request filed at the Principal Office. The Written Request must indicate
the dollar amount you wish to receive and the Accounts from which such amount is
to be withdrawn. You may allocate the amount withdrawn among the Sub-Accounts
and the General Account. If you do not provide allocation instructions, the
Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation. Each partial withdrawal must be in a
minimum amount of $500. Under Option 1 or Option 3, the Face Amount is reduced
by the amount of the partial withdrawal, and a partial withdrawal will not be
allowed if it would reduce the Face Amount below $40,000.
A partial withdrawal from a Sub-Account will result in the cancellation of the
number of Units equivalent in value to the amount withdrawn. The amount
withdrawn equals the amount requested by you plus the transaction charge and any
applicable partial withdrawal charge as described under CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
- -- "Charges on Partial Withdrawal." The Company will normally pay the amount of
the partial withdrawal within seven days following the Company's receipt of the
partial withdrawal request, but the Company may delay payment under certain
circumstances described in OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS -- "Postponement of
Payments." For important tax consequences which may result from partial
withdrawals, see FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS.
CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS
Charges will be deducted to compensate the Company for providing the insurance
benefits set forth in the Certificate and any additional benefits added by
rider, providing servicing, incurring distribution expenses, and assuming
certain risks in connection with the Certificates. Certain of the charges
described below may be reduced for Certificates issued in connection with a
specific group under a non-qualified benefit plan. Charges and deductions may
vary based on criteria, for example, such as the purpose for which the
Certificates are purchased, the size of the benefit plan and the expected number
of participants, the underwriting characteristics of the group, the levels and
types of administrative services provided to the benefit plan and participants,
and anticipated aggregate premium payments. From time to time the Company may
modify both the amounts and criteria for reductions, which will not be unfairly
discriminatory against any person.
PREMIUM EXPENSE CHARGE
A charge may be deducted from each premium payment for state and local premium
taxes paid by the Company. State premium taxes generally range from 0.75% to 5%,
while local premium taxes (if any) vary by jurisdiction within a state. The
Company guarantees that the charge for premium taxes will not exceed 10%. Upon
request, the Company may permit all or part of the Premium Expense Charge to be
deducted as part of the Monthly Deductions. The premium tax charge may change
when either the applicable jurisdiction changes or the tax rate within the
applicable jurisdiction changes. The Company should be notified of any change in
address of the Insured as soon as possible.
32
<PAGE>
Additional charges are made to compensate the Company for federal taxes imposed
for deferred acquisition cost ("DAC") taxes and for distribution expenses
related to the Certificates. The DAC tax deduction may range from zero to 1% of
premiums, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued. The charge for
distribution expenses may range from zero to 10%. The distribution charge may
vary, depending upon such factors, for example, as the type of the benefit plan,
average number of participants, average Face Amount of the Certificates,
anticipated average annual premiums, and the actual distribution expenses
incurred by the Company.
MONTHLY DEDUCTION FROM CERTIFICATE VALUE
On the Date of Issue and each Monthly Processing Date thereafter prior to the
Final Premium Payment Date, certain charges ("Monthly Deduction") will be
deducted from the Certificate Value. The Monthly Deduction includes a charge for
cost of insurance, a charge for the cost of any additional benefits provided by
rider and a charge for Certificate administrative expenses that may be up to
$10, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued. The Monthly Deduction
may also include a charge for Separate Account administrative expenses and a
charge for mortality and expense risks. The Separate Account administrative
charge may continue for up to 10 Certificate years and may be up to 0.25% of
Certificate Value in each Sub-Account, depending on the group to which the
Policy was issued. The mortality and expense risk charge may be up to 0.90% of
Certificate Value in each Sub-Account. The Monthly Deduction on or following the
effective date of a requested change in the Face Amount will also include a
charge of $2.50 per $1,000 of increase or decrease, to a maximum of $40, for
administrative costs associated with the change. See "Charge for Change in Face
Amount."
You may specify from which Sub-Account the cost of insurance charge, the charge
for Certificate administrative expenses, the mortality and expense risk charge,
and the charge for the cost of additional benefits provided by rider will be
deducted. If the Payor Provision is in force, all cost of insurance charges and
administrative charges will be deducted from the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account.
If no allocation is specified, the Company will make a Pro-Rata Allocation.
The Separate Account administrative charge and the mortality and expense risk
charge are assessed against each Sub-Account that generates a charge. In the
event that a charge is greater than the value of the Sub-Account to which it
relates on a Monthly Processing Date, the Company will make a Pro-Rata
Allocation of the unpaid balance.
Monthly Deductions are made on the Date of Issue and on each Monthly Processing
Date until the Final Premium Payment Date. No Monthly Deductions will be made on
or after the Final Premium Payment Date.
COST OF INSURANCE
This charge is designed to compensate the Company for the anticipated cost of
providing Death Proceeds to Beneficiaries of those Insureds who die prior to the
Final Premium Payment Date. The cost of insurance is determined on a monthly
basis, and is determined separately for the initial Face Amount and for each
subsequent increase in the Face Amount. Because the cost of insurance depends
upon a number of variables, it can vary from month to month and from group to
group.
CALCULATION OF THE CHARGE
If Death Benefit Option 2 is in effect, the monthly cost of insurance charge for
the initial Face Amount will equal the applicable cost of insurance rate
multiplied by the initial Face Amount. If Death Benefit Option 1 or Option 3 is
in effect, however, the applicable cost of insurance rate will be multiplied by
the initial Face Amount less the Certificate Value (minus charges for rider
benefits) at the beginning of the Certificate month. Thus, the cost of insurance
charge may be greater if Death Benefit Option 2 is in effect than if Death
Benefit Option 1 or Option 3 is in effect, assuming the same Face Amount in each
case and assuming that the Minimum Death Benefit is not in effect.
33
<PAGE>
In other words, since the Death Benefit under Option 1 or Option 3 remains
constant while the Death Benefit under Option 2 varies with the Certificate
Value, any Certificate Value increases will reduce the insurance charge under
Option 1 or Option 3, but not under Option 2.
If Death Benefit Option 2 is in effect, the monthly insurance charge for each
increase in the Face Amount (other than an increase caused by a change in Death
Benefit Option) will be equal to the cost of insurance rate applicable to that
increase multiplied by the increase in the Face Amount. If Death Benefit Option
1 or Option 3 is in effect, the applicable cost of insurance rate will be
multiplied by the increase in the Face Amount reduced by any Certificate Value
(minus rider charges) in excess of the initial Face Amount at the beginning of
the Certificate month.
If the Minimum Death Benefit is in effect under any Option, a monthly cost of
insurance charge will also be calculated for that portion of the Death Benefit
which exceeds the current Face Amount. This charge will be calculated by:
- multiplying the cost of insurance rate applicable to the initial Face
Amount times the Minimum Death Benefit (Certificate Value times the
applicable percentage), MINUS
- the greater of the Face Amount or the Certificate Value under Death
Benefit Option 1 or Option 3, or
- the Face Amount plus the Certificate Value under Death Benefit Option
2.
When the Minimum Death Benefit is in effect, the cost of insurance charge for
the initial Face Amount and for any increases will be calculated as set forth in
the preceding two paragraphs.
The monthly cost of insurance charge will also be adjusted for any decreases in
the Face Amount. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Change in Face Amount: Decreases."
COST OF INSURANCE RATES
This Certificate is sold to eligible individuals who are members of a
non-qualified benefit plan having a minimum, depending on the group, of five or
more members. A portion of the initial Face Amount may be issued on a guaranteed
or simplified underwriting basis. The amount of this portion will be determined
for each group, and may vary based on characteristics within the group.
The determination of the Underwriting Class for the guaranteed or simplified
issue portion will, in part, be based on the type of group; the number of
persons eligible to participate in the plan; expected percentage of eligible
persons participating in the plan; and the amount of guaranteed or simplified
underwriting insurance to be issued. Larger groups, higher participation rates
and occupations with historically favorable mortality rates will generally
result in the individuals within that group being placed in a more favorable
Underwriting Class.
Cost of insurance rates are based on a blended unisex rate table, Age and
Underwriting Class of the Insured at the Date of Issue, the effective date of an
increase or date of rider, as applicable, the amount of premiums paid less any
debt and any partial withdrawals and withdrawal charges. For those Certificates
issued on a unisex basis, sex-distinct rates do not apply. The cost of insurance
rates are determined at the beginning of each Certificate year for the initial
Face Amount. The cost of insurance rates for an increase in the Face Amount or
rider are determined annually on the anniversary of the effective date of each
increase or rider. The cost of insurance rates generally increase as the
Insured's Age increases. The actual monthly cost of insurance rates will be
based on the Company's expectations as to future mortality experience. They will
not, however, be greater than the guaranteed cost of insurance rates set forth
in the Certificate. These guaranteed rates are based on the 1980 Commissioners
Standard Ordinary Mortality Tables (Mortality Table B, Smoker, Non-smoker or
Uni-smoker, for unisex Certificates) and the Insured's Age. The tables used for
this purpose may set forth different mortality estimates for smokers and
non-smokers. Any change in the cost of insurance rates
34
<PAGE>
will apply to all persons of the same insuring Age and Underwriting Class whose
Certificates have been in force for the same length of time.
The Underwriting Class of an Insured will affect the cost of insurance rates.
The Company currently places Insureds into preferred Underwriting Classes,
standard Underwriting Classes and substandard Underwriting Classes. In an
otherwise identical Certificate, an Insured in the preferred Underwriting Class
will have a lower cost of insurance than an Insured in a standard Underwriting
Class who, in turn, will have a lower cost of insurance than an Insured in a
substandard Underwriting Class with a higher mortality risk. The Underwriting
Classes may be divided into two categories or aggregated: smokers and
non-smokers. Non-smoking Insureds will incur lower cost of insurance rates than
Insureds who are classified as smokers but who are otherwise in the same
Underwriting Class. Any Insured with an Age at issuance under 18 will be
classified initially as regular, unless substandard. The Insured then will be
classified as a smoker at Age 18 unless the Insured provides satisfactory
evidence that the Insured is a non-smoker. The Company will provide notice to
you of the opportunity for the Insured to be classified as a non-smoker when the
Insured reaches Age 18.
The cost of insurance rate is determined separately for the initial Face Amount
and for the amount of any increase in the Face Amount. For each increase in the
Face Amount you request, at a time when the Insured is in a less favorable
Underwriting Class than previously, a correspondingly higher cost of insurance
rate will apply only to that portion of the Insurance Amount at Risk for the
increase. For the initial Face Amount and any prior increases, the Company will
use the Underwriting Class previously applicable. On the other hand, if the
Insured's Underwriting Class improves on an increase, the lower cost of
insurance rate generally will apply to the entire Insurance Amount at Risk.
MONTHLY CERTIFICATE ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGE
Prior to the Final Premium Payment Date, a monthly Certificate administrative
charge of up to $10 per month, depending on the group to which the Policy was
issued, will be deducted from the Certificate Value. This charge will be used to
compensate the Company for expenses incurred in the administration of the
Certificate, and will compensate the Company for first-year underwriting and
other start-up expenses incurred in connection with the Certificate. These
expenses include the cost of processing enrollment forms, conducting medical
examinations, determining insurability and the Insured's Underwriting Class, and
establishing Certificate records. The Company does not expect to derive a profit
from these charges.
MONTHLY SEPARATE ACCOUNT ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGE
The Company can make an administrative charge on an annual basis of up to 0.25%
of the Certificate Value in each Sub-Account. The duration of this charge can be
for up to 10 years. This charge is designed to reimburse the Company for the
costs of administering the Separate Account and Sub-Accounts. The charge is not
expected to be a source of profit. The administrative expenses assumed by the
Company in connection with the Separate Account and Sub-Accounts include, but
are not limited to, clerical, accounting, actuarial and legal services, rent,
postage, telephone, office equipment and supplies, expenses of preparing and
printing registration statements, expenses of preparing and typesetting
prospectuses and the cost of printing prospectuses not allocable to sales
expense, filing and other fees.
MONTHLY MORTALITY AND EXPENSE RISK CHARGE
The Company can make a mortality and expense risk charge on an annual basis of
up to 0.90% of the Certificate Value in each Sub-Account. This charge is for the
mortality risk and expense risk which the Company assumes in relation to the
variable portion of the Certificates. The total charges may be different between
groups and increased or decreased within a group, subject to compliance with
applicable state and federal requirements, but may not exceed 0.90% on an annual
basis.
The mortality risk assumed by the Company is that Insureds may live for a
shorter time than anticipated, and that the Company will, therefore, pay an
aggregate amount of Death Proceeds greater than anticipated. The expense risk
assumed is that the expenses incurred in issuing and administering the
Certificates will exceed the amounts realized from the administrative charges
provided in the Certificates. If the charge for mortality
35
<PAGE>
and expense risks is not sufficient to cover actual mortality experience and
expenses, the Company will absorb the losses. If costs are less than the amounts
provided, the difference will be a profit to the Company. To the extent this
charge results in a current profit to the Company, such profit will be available
for use by the Company for, among other things, the payment of distribution,
sales and other expenses. Since mortality and expense risks involve future
contingencies which are not subject to precise determination in advance, it is
not feasible to identify specifically the portion of the charge which is
applicable to each.
CHARGES REFLECTED IN THE ASSETS OF THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT
Because the Sub-Accounts purchase shares of the Underlying Funds, the value of
the Units of the Sub-Accounts will reflect the investment advisory fee and other
expenses incurred by the Underlying Funds. The prospectuses and Statements of
Additional Information of DGPF and the Trust have additional information
concerning such fees and expenses.
No charges are currently made against the Sub-Accounts for federal or state
income taxes. Should the Company determine that taxes will be imposed, the
Company may make deductions from the Sub-Account to pay such taxes. See FEDERAL
TAX CONSIDERATIONS. The imposition of such taxes would result in a reduction of
the Certificate Value in the Sub-Accounts.
SURRENDER CHARGE
The Certificate may provide for a contingent surrender charge. A separate
surrender charge, described in more detail below, may be calculated upon the
issuance of the Certificate and for each increase in the Face Amount. The
surrender charge is comprised of a contingent deferred administrative charge and
a contingent deferred sales charge. The contingent deferred administrative
charge compensates the Company for expenses incurred in administering the
Certificate. The contingent deferred sales charge compensates the Company for
expenses relating to the distribution of the Certificate, including agents'
commissions, advertising and the printing of the prospectus and sales
literature.
A surrender charge may be deducted if you request a full surrender of the
Certificate or a decrease in the Face Amount. The duration of the surrender
charge may be up to 15 years from the Date of Issue or from the effective date
of any increase in the Face Amount. The maximum surrender charge calculated upon
issuance of the Certificate is an amount up to the sum of (a) plus (b), where
(a) is a deferred administrative charge equal to $8.50 per thousand dollars of
the initial Face Amount, and (b) is a deferred sales charge of up to 50% (less
any premium expense charge not associated with state and local premium taxes) of
premiums received up to the Guideline Annual Premium. In accordance with
limitations under state insurance regulations, the amount of the maximum
surrender charge will not exceed a specified amount per thousand dollars of
initial Face Amount, as indicated in APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM
SURRENDER CHARGES. The maximum surrender charge remains level for up to 24
Certificate months, reduces uniformly each month for the balance of the
surrender charge period, and is zero thereafter. This reduction in the maximum
surrender charge will reduce the deferred sales charge and the deferred
administrative charge proportionately.
If you surrender the Certificate during the first two years following the Date
of Issue before making premium payments associated with the initial Face Amount
which are at least equal to one Guideline Annual Premium, the deferred
administrative charge will be $8.50 per thousand dollars of initial Face Amount,
as described above, but the deferred sales charge will not exceed 30% (less any
premium expense charge not associated with state and local premium taxes) of
premiums received, up to one Guideline Annual Premium, plus 9% of premiums
received in excess of one Guideline Annual Premium. See APPENDIX D --
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES.
A separate surrender charge may apply to and is calculated for each increase in
the Face Amount. The surrender charge for the increase is in addition to that
for the initial Face Amount. The maximum surrender charge for the increase is up
to the sum of (a) plus (b), where (a) is up to $8.50 per thousand dollars of
36
<PAGE>
increase, and (b) is a deferred sales charge of up to 50% (less any premium
expense charge not associated with state and local premium taxes) of premiums
associated with the increase, up to the Guideline Annual Premium for the
increase. In accordance with limitations under state insurance regulations, the
amount of the surrender charge will not exceed a specified amount per thousand
dollars of increase, as indicated in APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM
SURRENDER CHARGES. As is true for the initial Face Amount, (a) is a deferred
administrative charge, and (b) is a deferred sales charge.
The maximum surrender charge for the increase remains level for up to 24
Certificate months, reduces uniformly each month for the balance of the
surrender charge period, and is zero thereafter. During the first two
Certificate years following an increase in the Face Amount before making premium
payments associated with the increase in the Face Amount which are at least
equal to one Guideline Annual Premium, the deferred administrative charge will
be $8.50 per thousand dollars of increase in the Face Amount, as described
above, but the deferred sales charge imposed will be less than the maximum
described above. Upon such a surrender, the deferred sales charge will not
exceed 30% (less any premium expense charge not associated with state and local
premium taxes) of premiums associated with the increase, up to one Guideline
Annual Premium (for the increase), plus 9% of premiums associated with the
increase in excess of one Guideline Annual Premium. See APPENDIX D --
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES. The premiums associated with the
increase are determined as described below. Additional premium payments may not
be required to fund a requested increase in the Face Amount.
Therefore, a special rule, which is based on relative Guideline Annual Premium
payments, applies whereby the Certificate Value will be allocated between the
initial Face Amount and the increase. Subsequent premium payments are allocated
between the initial Certificate and the increase. For example, suppose the
Guideline Annual Premium is equal to $1,500 before an increase and is equal to
$2,000 as a result of the increase. The Certificate Value on the effective date
of the increase would be allocated 75% ($1,500/$2,000) to the initial Face
Amount and 25% to the increase. All future premiums would also be allocated 75%
to the initial Face Amount and 25% to the increase. Thus, existing Certificate
Value associated with the increase will equal the portion of Certificate Value
allocated to the increase on the effective date of the increase, before any
deductions are made. Premiums associated with the increase will equal the
portion of the premium payments actually made on or after the effective date of
the increase which are allocated to the increase.
See APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES, for examples
illustrating the calculation of the maximum surrender charge for the initial
Face Amount and for any increases, as well as for the surrender charge based on
actual premiums paid or associated with any increases.
A surrender charge may be deducted on a decrease in the Face Amount. In the
event of a decrease, the surrender charge deducted is a fraction of the charge
that would apply to a full surrender of the Certificate. The fraction will be
determined by dividing the amount of the decrease by the current Face Amount and
multiplying the result by the surrender charge. If more than one surrender
charge is in effect (i.e., pursuant to one or more increases in the Face Amount
of a Certificate), the surrender charge will be applied in the following order:
(1) the most recent increase; (2) the next most recent increases successively;
and (3) the initial Face Amount. Where a decrease causes a partial reduction in
an increase or in the initial Face Amount, a proportionate share of the
surrender charge for that increase or for the initial Face Amount will be
deducted.
CHARGES ON PARTIAL WITHDRAWAL
After the first Certificate year, partial withdrawals of Surrender Value may be
made. The minimum withdrawal is $500. Under Option 1 or Option 3, the Face
Amount is reduced by the amount of the partial withdrawal, and a partial
withdrawal will not be allowed if it would reduce the Face Amount below $40,000.
A transaction charge which is the smaller of 2% of the amount withdrawn, or $25,
will be assessed on each partial withdrawal to reimburse the Company for the
cost of processing the withdrawal. The Company does not expect to make a profit
on this charge. The transaction fee applies to all partial withdrawals,
including a Withdrawal without a surrender charge.
37
<PAGE>
A partial withdrawal charge may also be deducted from Certificate Value. For
each partial withdrawal you may withdraw an amount equal to 10% of the
Certificate Value on the date the written withdrawal request is received by the
Company less the total of any prior withdrawals in that Certificate year which
were not subject to the partial withdrawal charge, without incurring a partial
withdrawal charge. Any partial withdrawal in excess of this amount ("excess
withdrawal") will be subject to the partial withdrawal charge. The partial
withdrawal charge is equal to 5% of the excess withdrawal up to the amount of
the surrender charge(s) on the date of withdrawal. There will be no partial
withdrawal charge if there is no surrender charge on the date of withdrawal
(i.e., 15 years have passed from the Date of Issue and from the effective date
of any increase in the Face Amount).
This right is not cumulative from Certificate year to Certificate year. For
example, if only 8% of Certificate Value was withdrawn in Certificate year two,
the amount you could withdraw in subsequent Certificate years would not be
increased by the amount you did not withdraw in the second Certificate year.
The Certificate's outstanding surrender charge will be reduced by the amount of
the partial withdrawal charge deducted, by proportionately reducing the deferred
sales charge component and the deferred administrative charge component. The
partial withdrawal charge deducted will decrease existing surrender charges in
the following order:
- first, the surrender charge for the most recent increase in the Face
Amount;
- second, the surrender charge for the next most recent increases
successively;
- last, the surrender charge for the initial Face Amount.
See APPENDIX D -- CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES for an example
illustrating the calculation of the charges on partial withdrawal and their
impact on the surrender charges.
TRANSFER CHARGES
The first twelve transfers in a Certificate year will be free of charge.
Thereafter, a transfer charge of $10 will be imposed for each transfer request
to reimburse the Company for the administrative costs incurred in processing the
transfer request. The Company reserves the right to increase the charge, but it
will never exceed $25. The Company also reserves the right to change the number
of free transfers allowed in a Certificate year. See THE CERTIFICATE --
"Transfer Privilege."
You may have automatic transfers of at least $100 made on a periodic basis,
every 1, 2 or 3 months (a) from the Sub-Accounts which invest in the Money
Market Fund of the Trust, to one or more of the other Sub-Accounts, or (b) to
reallocate Certificate Value among the Sub-Accounts. The first automatic
transfer counts as one transfer towards the twelve free transfers allowed in
each Certificate year. Each subsequent automatic transfer is without charge and
does not reduce the remaining number of transfers which may be made without
charge. If you utilize the Conversion Privilege, Loan Privilege, or reallocate
Certificate Value within 20 days of the Date of Issue of the Certificate, any
resulting transfer of Certificate Value from the Sub-Accounts to the General
Account will be free of charge, and in addition to the twelve free transfers in
a Certificate year. See THE CERTIFICATE -- "Conversion Privileges" and
CERTIFICATE LOANS.
CHARGE FOR CHANGE IN FACE AMOUNT
For each increase or decrease in the Face Amount you request, a transaction
charge of $2.50 per $1,000 of increase or decrease, to a maximum of $40, may be
deducted from the Certificate Value to reimburse the Company for administrative
costs associated with the change. This charge is guaranteed not to increase, and
the Company does not expect to make a profit on this charge.
38
<PAGE>
OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGES
The Company reserves the right to impose a charge (not to exceed $25) for the
administrative costs incurred for changing the Net Premium allocation
instructions, for changing the allocation of any Monthly Deductions among the
various Sub-Accounts, or for a projection of values.
CERTIFICATE LOANS
Loans may be obtained by request to the Company on the sole security of the
Certificate. The total amount which may be borrowed is the Loan Value. In the
first Certificate year, the Loan Value is 75% of Certificate Value reduced by
applicable surrender charges, as well as Monthly Deductions and interest on the
loan to the end of the Certificate year. The Loan Value in the second
Certificate year and thereafter is 90% of an amount equal to Certificate Value
reduced by applicable surrender charges. There is no minimum limit on the amount
of the loan. The loan amount will normally be paid within seven days after the
Company receives the loan request at its Principal Office, but the Company may
delay payments under certain circumstances. See OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS --
"Postponement of Payments."
A Certificate loan may be allocated among the General Account and one or more
Sub-Accounts. If you do not make an allocation, the Company will make a Pro-Rata
Allocation based on the amounts in the Accounts on the date the Company receives
the loan request. Certificate Value in each Sub-Account equal to the Certificate
loan allocated to such Sub-Account will be transferred to the General Account,
and the number of Units equal to the Certificate Value so transferred will be
cancelled. This will reduce the Certificate Value in these Sub-Accounts. These
transactions are not treated as transfers for purposes of the transfer charge.
LOAN AMOUNT EARNS INTEREST IN THE GENERAL ACCOUNT
As long as the Certificate is in force, Certificate Value in the General Account
equal to the loan amount will be credited with interest at an effective annual
yield of at least 6.00% per year (7.5% for preferred loans). The current
credited rate is 7.1% (8% for preferred loans). NO ADDITIONAL INTEREST WILL BE
CREDITED TO SUCH CERTIFICATE VALUE.
PREFERRED LOAN OPTION
A preferred loan option is available under the Certificate. The preferred loan
option will be available upon Written Request. It may be revoked by you at any
time. If this option has been selected, after the tenth Certificate anniversary,
Certificate Value in the General Account equal to the loan amount will be
credited with interest at an effective annual yield of at least 7.5%. The
Company's current practice is to credit a rate of interest equal to the rate
being charged for the preferred loan.
There is some uncertainty as to the tax treatment of preferred loans. Consult a
qualified tax adviser (and see FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS). THE PREFERRED LOAN
OPTION IS NOT AVAILABLE IN ALL STATES.
LOAN INTEREST CHARGED
Interest accrues daily, and is payable in arrears at the annual rate of 8%.
Interest is due and payable at the end of each Certificate year or on a pro-rata
basis for such shorter period as the loan may exist. Interest not paid when due
will be added to the loan amount and bear interest at the same rate. After the
due and unpaid interest is added to the loan amount, if the new loan amount
exceeds the Certificate Value in the General Account, the Company will transfer
Certificate Value equal to that excess loan amount from the Certificate Value in
each Sub-Account to the General Account as security for the excess loan amount.
The Company will allocate the amount transferred among the Sub-Accounts in the
same proportion that the Certificate Value in each Sub-Account bears to the
total Certificate Value in all Sub-Accounts.
REPAYMENT OF DEBT
Loans may be repaid at any time prior to the lapse of the Certificate. Upon
repayment of Debt, the portion of the Certificate Value that is in the General
Account securing the Debt repaid will be allocated to the various
39
<PAGE>
Accounts and increase the Certificate Value in such Accounts in accordance with
your instructions. If you do not make a repayment allocation, the Company will
allocate Certificate Value in accordance with your most recent premium
allocation instructions; provided, however, that loan repayments allocated to
the Separate Account cannot exceed Certificate Value previously transferred from
the Separate Account to secure the Debt.
If Debt exceeds the Certificate Value less the surrender charge, the Certificate
will terminate. A notice of such pending termination will be mailed to the last
known address of you and any assignee. If you do not make sufficient payment
within 62 days after this notice is mailed, the Certificate will terminate with
no value. See CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT.
EFFECT OF CERTIFICATE LOANS
Although Certificate loans may be repaid at any time prior to the lapse of the
Certificate, Certificate loans will permanently affect the Certificate Value and
Surrender Value, and may permanently affect the Death Proceeds. The effect could
be favorable or unfavorable, depending upon whether the investment performance
of the Sub-Accounts is less than or greater than the interest credited to the
Certificate Value in the General Account attributable to the loan.
Moreover, outstanding Certificate loans and the accrued interest will be
deducted from the proceeds payable upon surrender or the death of the Insured.
CERTIFICATE TERMINATION AND REINSTATEMENT
TERMINATION
The failure to make premium payments will not cause the Certificate to lapse
unless:
- the Surrender Value is insufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction
plus loan interest accrued; or
- if Debt exceeds the Certificate Value.
If one of these situations occurs, the Certificate will be in default. You will
then have a grace period of 62 days, measured from the date of default, to make
sufficient payments to prevent termination. On the date of default, the Company
will send a notice to you and to any assignee of record. The notice will state
the amount of premium due and the date on which it is due.
Failure to make a sufficient payment within the grace period will result in
termination of the Certificate. If the Insured dies during the grace period, the
Death Proceeds will still be payable, but any Monthly Deductions due and unpaid
through the Certificate month in which the Insured dies and any other overdue
charges will be deducted from the Death Proceeds.
PAYOR PROVISIONS
Subject to approval in the state in which the Certificate was issued, if you
name a "Payor" in your enrollment form supplement, the following "Payor
Provisions" will apply:
The Payor may designate what portion, if any, of each payment of a premium is
"excess premium." You may allocate the excess premium among the General Account
and Sub-Accounts. The remaining Payor's premium which is not excess premium
("Payor's premium") will automatically be allocated to the Monthly Deduction
Sub-Account, from which the Monthly Deduction charges will be made. Payor
premiums are initially held in the General Account, and will be transferred to
the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account not later than three days after underwriting
approval of the Certificate. No Certificate loans, partial withdrawals or
transfers may be made from the amount in the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account
attributable to Payor's premiums.
40
<PAGE>
If the amount in the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account attributable to Payor's
premiums is insufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction, the Company will
send to the Payor a notice of the due date and amount of premium which is due.
The premium may be paid during a grace period of 62 days, beginning on the
premium due date. If the necessary premium is not received by the Company within
31 days of the end of the grace period, a second notice will be sent to the
Payor. A 31-day grace period notice at this time will also be sent to you if the
Certificate Value is insufficient to cover the Monthly Deductions then due.
If the amount in the Monthly Deduction Sub-Account attributable to Payor
premiums is insufficient to cover the Monthly Deductions due at the end of the
grace period, the balance of such Monthly Deductions will be withdrawn on a
Pro-Rata Allocation from the Certificate Value, if any, in the General Account
and the Sub-Accounts.
A lapse occurs if the Certificate Value is insufficient, at the end of the grace
period, to pay the Monthly Deductions which are due. The Certificate terminates
on the date of lapse. Any Death Benefit payable during the grace period will be
reduced by any overdue charges.
The above Payor Provisions, if applicable, are in lieu of the grace-period
notice and default provisions applicable when the Surrender Value is
insufficient to cover the next Monthly Deduction plus loan interest accrued.
However, they do not apply if Debt exceeds the Certificate Value. See the
discussion under "Termination," above. You or the Payor may, upon Written
Request, discontinue the above Payor Provisions. If the Payor makes a written
request to discontinue the Payor Provisions, the Company will send you a notice
of the discontinuance to your last known address.
REINSTATEMENT
If the Certificate has not been surrendered and the Insured is alive, the
terminated Certificate may be reinstated anytime within three years after the
date of default and before the Final Premium Payment Date. The reinstatement
will be effective on the Monthly Processing Date following the date you submit
the following to the Company:
- a written enrollment form for reinstatement,
- Evidence of Insurability; and
- a premium that, after the deduction of the premium expense charge, is
large enough to cover the Monthly Deductions for the three-month period
beginning on the date of reinstatement.
SURRENDER CHARGE
The surrender charge on the date of reinstatement is the surrender charge which
should have been in effect had the Certificate remained in force from the Date
of Issue.
CERTIFICATE VALUE ON REINSTATEMENT
The Certificate Value on the date of reinstatement is:
- the Net Premium paid to reinstate the Certificate increased by interest
from the date the payment was received at the Principal Office; PLUS
- an amount equal to the Certificate Value less Debt on the date of default;
MINUS
- the Monthly Deduction due on the date of reinstatement. You may reinstate
any Debt outstanding on the date of default or foreclosure.
41
<PAGE>
OTHER CERTIFICATE PROVISIONS
The following Certificate provisions may vary in certain states in order to
comply with requirements of the insurance laws, regulations, and insurance
regulatory agencies in those states.
CERTIFICATE OWNER
The Certificate Owner is the Insured unless another Certificate Owner has been
named in the enrollment form or the Certificate. The Certificate Owner is
generally entitled to exercise all rights under the Certificate while the
Insured is alive, subject to the consent of any irrevocable Beneficiary (the
consent of a revocable Beneficiary is not required). The consent of the Insured
is required whenever the Face Amount of insurance is increased.
BENEFICIARY
The Beneficiary is the person or persons to whom the insurance proceeds are
payable upon the Insured's death. Unless otherwise stated in the Certificate,
the Beneficiary has no rights in the Certificate before the death of the
Insured. While the Insured is alive, you may change any Beneficiary unless you
have declared a Beneficiary to be irrevocable. If no Beneficiary is alive when
the Insured dies, the Certificate Owner (or the Certificate Owner's estate) will
be the Beneficiary. If more than one Beneficiary is alive when the Insured dies,
they will be paid in equal shares, unless you have chosen otherwise. Where there
is more than one Beneficiary, the interest of a Beneficiary who dies before the
Insured will pass to surviving Beneficiaries proportionately.
ASSIGNMENT
The Certificate Owner may assign a Certificate as collateral or make an absolute
assignment of the Certificate. All rights under the Certificate will be
transferred to the extent of the assignee's interest. The Consent of the
assignee may be required in order to make changes in premium allocations, to
make transfers, or to exercise other rights under the Certificate. The Company
is not bound by an assignment or release thereof, unless it is in writing and is
recorded at the Principal Office. When recorded, the assignment will take effect
as of the date the Written Request was signed. Any rights created by the
assignment will be subject to any payments made or actions taken by the Company
before the assignment is recorded. The Company is not responsible for
determining the validity of any assignment or release.
INCONTESTABILITY
The Company will not contest the validity of a Certificate after it has been in
force during the Insured's lifetime for two years from the Date of Issue. The
Company will not contest the validity of any rider or any increase in the Face
Amount after such rider or increase has been in force during the Insured's
lifetime for two years from its effective date.
SUICIDE
The Death Proceeds will not be paid if the Insured commits suicide within two
years from the Date of Issue. Instead, the Company will pay the Beneficiary an
amount equal to all premiums paid for the Certificate, without interest, less
any outstanding Debt and less any partial withdrawals. If the Insured commits
suicide, within two years from the effective date of any increase in the Death
Benefit, the Company's liability with respect to such increase will be limited
to a refund of the cost thereof. The Beneficiary will receive the administrative
charges and insurance charges paid for such increase.
42
<PAGE>
AGE
If the Insured's Age as stated in the enrollment form for the Certificate is not
correct, benefits under the Certificate will be adjusted to reflect the correct
Age, if death occurs prior to the Final Premium Payment Date. The adjusted
benefit will be that which the most recent cost of insurance charge would have
purchased for the correct Age. In no event will the Death Benefit be reduced to
less than the Minimum Death Benefit.
POSTPONEMENT OF PAYMENTS
Payments of any amount due from the Separate Account upon surrender, partial
withdrawals, or death of the Insured, as well as payments of a Certificate loan
and transfers may be postponed whenever: (1) the New York Stock Exchange is
closed other than customary weekend and holiday closings, or trading on the New
York Stock Exchange is restricted as determined by the SEC, or (2) an emergency
exists, as determined by the SEC, as a result of which disposal of securities is
not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable to determine the
value of the Separate Account's net assets. Payments under the Certificate of
any amounts derived from the premiums paid by check may be delayed until such
time as the check has cleared your bank.
The Company also reserves the right to defer payment of any amount due from the
General Account upon surrender, partial withdrawal, or death of the Insured, as
well as payments of Certificate loans and transfers from the General Account,
for a period not to exceed six months.
DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AND POSITION
WITH COMPANY PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- ---------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Bruce C. Anderson Director (since 1996), Vice President (since 1984) and
Director, Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 1992) of First Allmerica
Assistant Secretary
Abigail M. Armstrong Secretary (since 1996) and Counsel (since 1991) of First
Secretary and Counsel Allmerica; Secretary (since 1988) and Counsel (since
1994) of Allmerica Investments, Inc.; and Secretary
(since 1990) of Allmerica Financial Investment
Management Services, Inc.
Warren E. Barnes Vice President (since 1996) and Corporate Controller
Vice President and Corporate (since 1998) of First Allmerica
Controller
Robert E. Bruce Director and Chief Information Officer (since 1997) and
Director, Vice President and Vice President (since 1995) of First Allmerica; and
Chief Information Officer Corporate Manager (1979 to 1995) of Digital Equipment
Corporation
John P. Kavanaugh Director and Chief Investment Officer (since 1996) and
Director, Vice President and Vice President (since 1991) of First Allmerica; and Vice
Chief Investment Officer President (since 1998) of Allmerica Financial Investment
Management Services, Inc.
John F. Kelly Director (since 1996), Senior Vice President (since
Director, Senior Vice President, 1986), General Counsel (since 1981) and Assistant
General Counsel and Assistant Secretary (since 1991) of First Allmerica; Director
Secretary (since 1985) of Allmerica Investments, Inc.; and
Director (since 1990) of Allmerica Financial Investment
Management Services, Inc.
J. Barry May Director (since 1996) of First Allmerica; Director and
Director President (since 1996) of The Hanover Insurance Company;
and Vice President (1993 to 1996) of The Hanover
Insurance Company
</TABLE>
43
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AND POSITION
WITH COMPANY PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION(S) DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- ---------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
James R. McAuliffe Director (since 1996) of First Allmerica; Director
Director (since 1992), President (since 1994) and Chief Executive
Officer (since 1996) of Citizens Insurance Company of
America
John F. O'Brien Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (since
Director, President and Chief 1989) of First Allmerica; Director (since 1989) of
Executive Officer Allmerica Investments, Inc.; and Director and Chairman
of the Board (since 1990) of Allmerica Financial
Investment Management Services, Inc.
Edward J. Parry, III Director and Chief Financial Officer (since 1996) and
Director, Vice President, Chief Vice President and Treasurer (since 1993) of First
Financial Officer and Treasurer Allmerica; Treasurer (since 1993) of Allmerica
Investments, Inc.; and Treasurer (since 1993) of
Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services, Inc.
Richard M. Reilly Director (since 1996) and Vice President (since 1990) of
Director and Vice President First Allmerica; Director (since 1990) of Allmerica
Investments, Inc.; and Director and President (since
1998) of Allmerica Financial Investment Management
Services, Inc.
Robert P. Restrepo, Jr. Director and Vice President (since 1998) of First
Director and Vice President Allmerica; Chief Executive Officer (1996 to 1998) of
Travelers Property & Casualty; Senior Vice President
(1993 to 1996) of Aetna Life & Casualty Company
Eric A. Simonsen Director (since 1996) and Vice President (since 1990) of
Director and Vice President First Allmerica; Director (since 1991) of Allmerica
Investment, Inc.; and Director (since 1991) of Allmerica
Financial Investment Management Services, Inc.
Phillip E. Soule Director (since 1996) and Vice President (since 1987) of
Director and Vice President First Allmerica
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION
Allmerica Investments, Inc., an indirect subsidiary of the Company, acts as the
principal underwriter of the Certificates pursuant to a Sales and Administrative
Services Agreement with the Company and the Separate Account. Allmerica
Investments, Inc. is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer and is a member
of the National Association of Securities Dealers ("NASD"). The Certificates are
sold by agents of the Company who are registered representatives of Allmerica
Investments, Inc., or of independent broker-dealers.
The Company pays commissions to broker-dealers and registered representatives
which sell the Certificates based on a commission schedule. After issue of a
Certificate or an increase in the Face Amount, commissions may be up to 25% of
the first-year premiums up to a basic premium amount established by the Company.
Thereafter, commissions may be up to 10% of any additional premiums. Alternative
compensation schedules, which may include ongoing annual compensation of up to
0.50% of Certificate Value, are available based on premium payments and the
level of enrollment and ongoing administrative services provided to participants
and benefit plans by the broker-dealer or registered representative. Certain
registered representatives, including registered representatives enrolled in the
Company's training program for new agents, may receive additional first-year and
renewal commissions and training reimbursements. General Agents of the Company
and certain registered representatives may also be eligible to receive expense
reimbursements based on the amount of earned commissions. General Agents may
also receive overriding commissions, which will not exceed 2.5% of first-year,
or 4% of renewal premiums. To the extent permitted by NASD rules, promotional
44
<PAGE>
incentives or payments may also be provided to broker-dealers based on sales
volumes, the assumption of wholesaling functions or other sales related
criteria. Other payments may be made for other services that do not directly
involve the sales of the Certificates. These services may include the
recruitment and training of personnel, production of promotional literature, and
similar services.
The Company intends to recoup the commission and other sales expenses through a
combination of the deferred sales charge component of the anticipated surrender
and partial withdrawal charges, through a portion of the premium expense charge,
and the investment earnings on amounts allocated to accumulate on a fixed basis
in excess of the interest credited on fixed accumulations by the Company. There
is no additional charge to the Certificate Owners or to the Separate Account.
Any surrender charge assessed on a Certificate will be retained by the Company
except for amounts it may pay to Allmerica Investments, Inc. for services it
performs and expenses it may incur as principal underwriter and general
distributor.
REPORTS
The Company will maintain the records relating to the Separate Account. You will
be promptly sent statements of significant transactions such as premium payments
(other than payments made pursuant to the MAP procedure), changes in the
specified Face Amount, changes in the Death Benefit Option, transfers among
Sub-Accounts and the General Account, partial withdrawals, increases in loan
amount by you, loan repayments, lapse, termination for any reason, and
reinstatement. An annual statement will also be sent to you. The annual
statement will summarize all of the above transactions and deductions of charges
during the Certificate year. It will also set forth the status of the Death
Proceeds, Certificate Value, Surrender Value, amounts in the Sub-Accounts and
General Account, and any Certificate loan(s).
In addition, you will be sent periodic reports containing financial statements
and other information for the Separate Account and the Underlying Funds as
required by the 1940 Act.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are no legal proceedings pending to which the Separate Account is a party,
or to which the assets of the Separate Account are subject. The Company and
Allmerica Investments, Inc. are not involved in any litigation that is of
material importance in relation to their total assets or that relates to the
Separate Account.
FURTHER INFORMATION
A Registration Statement under the 1933 Act relating to this offering has been
filed with the SEC. Certain portions of the Registration Statement and
amendments have been omitted from this Prospectus pursuant to the rules and
regulations of the SEC. Statements contained in this Prospectus concerning the
Certificate and other legal documents are summaries. The complete documents and
omitted information may be obtained from the SEC's principal office in
Washington, DC, upon payment of the SEC's prescribed fees.
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
The financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 and for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998, and the financial
statements of Group VEL Account as of December 31, 1998 and for the periods
indicated, included in this Prospectus constituting part of this Registration
Statement, have been so included in reliance on the reports of
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of
said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
The financial statements of the Company included herein should be considered
only as bearing on the ability of the Company to meet its obligations under the
Certificate.
45
<PAGE>
FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The effect of federal income taxes on the value of a Certificate, on loans,
withdrawals, or surrenders, on Death Benefit payments, and on the economic
benefit to you or the Beneficiary depends upon a variety of factors. The
following discussion is based upon the Company's understanding of the present
federal income tax laws as they are currently interpreted. From time to time
legislation is proposed which, if passed, could significantly, adversely, and
possibly retroactively, affect the taxation of the Certificates. No
representation is made regarding the likelihood of continuation of current
federal income tax laws or of current interpretations by the IRS. Moreover, no
attempt has been made to consider any applicable state or other tax laws.
It should be recognized that the following summary of federal income tax aspects
of amounts received under the Certificates is not exhaustive, does not purport
to cover all situations, and is not intended as tax advice. Specifically, the
discussion below does not address certain tax provisions that may be applicable
if the Certificate Owner is a corporation or the trustee of an employee benefit
plan. A qualified tax adviser should always be consulted with regard to the
enrollment form of law to individual circumstances.
THE COMPANY AND THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT
The Company is taxed as a life insurance company under Subchapter L of the Code
of 1986, and files a consolidated tax return with its parent and affiliates. The
Company does not expect to incur any income tax upon the earnings or realized
capital gains attributable to the Separate Account. Based on these expectations,
no charge is made for federal income taxes which may be attributable to the
Separate Account.
The Company will review periodically the question of a charge to the Separate
Account for federal income taxes. Such a charge may be made in future years for
any federal income taxes incurred by the Company. This might become necessary if
the tax treatment of the Company is ultimately determined to be other than what
the Company believes it to be, if there are changes made in the federal income
tax treatment of variable life insurance at the Company level, or if there is a
change in the Company's tax status. Any such charge would be designed to cover
the federal income taxes attributable to the investment results of the Separate
Account.
Under current laws the Company may also incur state and local taxes (in addition
to premium taxes) in several states. At present these taxes are not significant.
If there is a material change in applicable state or local tax laws, charges may
be made for such taxes paid, or reserves for such taxes, attributable to the
Separate Account.
TAXATION OF THE CERTIFICATES
The Company believes that the Certificates described in this Prospectus will be
considered life insurance contracts under Section 7702 of the Code, which
generally provides for the taxation of life insurance policies and places
limitations on the relationship of the Certificate Value to the Insurance Amount
at Risk. As a result, the Death Proceeds payable are excludable from the gross
income of the Beneficiary. Moreover, any increase in Certificate Value is not
taxable until received by the Certificate Owner or the Certificate Owner's
designee. See "Modified Endowment Contracts."
The Code also requires that the investment of each Sub-Account be adequately
diversified in accordance with Treasury regulations in order to be treated as a
life insurance Certificate for tax purposes. Although the Company does not have
control over the investments of the Underlying Funds, the Company believes that
the Underlying Funds currently meet the Treasury's diversification requirements,
and the Company will monitor continued compliance with these requirements. In
connection with the issuance of previous regulations relating to diversification
requirements, the Treasury Department announced that such regulations do not
provide guidance concerning the extent to which Certificate Owners may direct
their investments to particular divisions of a separate account. Regulations in
this regard may be issued in the future. It is possible that if and when
regulations are issued, the Certificates may need to be modified to comply with
such regulations. For
46
<PAGE>
these reasons, the Certificates or the Company's administrative rules may be
modified as necessary to prevent a Certificate Owner from being considered the
owner of the assets of the Separate Account.
Depending upon the circumstances, a surrender, partial withdrawal, change in the
Death Benefit Option, change in the Face Amount, lapse with Certificate loan
outstanding, or assignment of the Certificate may have tax consequences. In
particular, under specified conditions, a distribution under the Certificate
during the first 15 years from Date of Issue that reduces future benefits under
the Certificate will be taxed to the Certificate Owner as ordinary income to the
extent of any investment earnings in the Certificate. Federal, state and local
income, estate, inheritance, and other tax consequences of ownership or receipt
of Certificate proceeds depend on the circumstances of each Insured, Certificate
Owner, or Beneficiary.
CERTIFICATE LOANS
The Company believes that non-preferred loans received under a Certificate will
be treated as indebtedness of the Certificate Owner for federal income tax
purposes. Under current law, these loans will not constitute income for the
Certificate Owner while the Certificate is in force. See "Modified Endowment
Contracts." However, there is a risk that a preferred loan may be characterized
by the IRS as a withdrawal and taxed accordingly. At the present time, the IRS
has not issued any guidance on whether a loan with the attributes of a preferred
loan should be treated differently than a non-preferred loan. This lack of
specific guidance makes the tax treatment of preferred loans uncertain. In the
event pertinent IRS guidelines are issued in the future, you may revoke your
request for a preferred loan.
Section 264 of the Code restricts the deduction of interest on policy or
certificate loans. Consumer interest paid on policy or certificate loans under
an individually owned policy or certificate is not tax deductible. Generally, no
tax deduction for interest is allowed on policy or certificate loans, if the
insured is an officer or employee of, or is financially interested in, any
business carried on by the taxpayer. There is an exception to this rule which
permits a deduction for interest on loans up to $50,000 related to any policies
or certificates covering the greater of (1) five individuals, or (2) the lesser
of (a) 5% of the total number of officers and employees of the corporation, or
(b) 20 individuals.
MODIFIED ENDOWMENT CONTRACTS
The Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988 ("1988 Act") adversely
affects the tax treatment of distributions under so-called "modified endowment
contracts." Under the 1988 Act, any life insurance certificate, including a
Certificate offered by this Prospectus, that fails to satisfy a "seven-pay" test
is considered a modified endowment contract. A certificate fails to satisfy the
seven-pay test if the cumulative premiums paid under the certificate at any time
during the first seven certificate years, or within seven years of a material
change in the certificate, exceed the sum of the net level premiums that would
have been paid, had the certificate provided for paid-up future benefits after
the payment of seven level premiums.
If the Certificate is considered a modified endowment contract, all
distributions under the Certificate will be taxed on an "income-first" basis.
Most distributions received by a Certificate Owner directly or indirectly
(including loans, withdrawals, partial surrenders, or the assignment or pledge
of any portion of the value of the Certificate) will be includible in gross
income to the extent that the cash Surrender Value of the Certificate exceeds
the Certificate Owner's investment in the contract. Any additional amounts will
be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the Certificate Owner's basis
in the Certificate. With certain exceptions, an additional 10% tax will be
imposed on the portion of any distribution that is includible in income. All
modified endowment contracts issued by the same insurance company to the same
Certificate Owner during any 12-month period will be treated as a single
modified endowment contract in determining taxable distributions.
Currently, each Certificate is reviewed when premiums are received to determine
if it satisfies the seven-pay test. If the Certificate does not satisfy the
seven-pay test, the Company will notify the Certificate Owner of the
47
<PAGE>
option of requesting a refund of the excess premium. The refund process must be
completed within 60 days after the Certificate anniversary, or the Certificate
will be permanently classified as a modified endowment contract.
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE GENERAL ACCOUNT
As discussed earlier, you may allocate Net Premiums and transfer Certificate
Value to the General Account. Because of exemption and exclusionary provisions
in the securities law, any amount in the General Account is not generally
subject to regulation under the provisions of the 1933 Act or the 1940 Act.
Accordingly, the disclosures in this Section have not been reviewed by the SEC.
Disclosures regarding the fixed portion of the Certificate and the General
Account may, however, be subject to certain generally applicable provisions of
the Federal Securities Laws concerning the accuracy and completeness of
statements made in prospectuses.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The General Account of the Company is made up of all of the general assets of
the Company other than those allocated to any separate account. Allocations to
the General Account become part of the assets of the Company and are used to
support insurance and annuity obligations. Subject to applicable law, the
Company has sole discretion over the investment of assets of the General
Account.
A portion or all of Net Premiums may be allocated or transferred to accumulate
at a fixed rate of interest in the General Account. Such net amounts are
guaranteed by the Company as to principal and a minimum rate of interest. The
allocation or transfer of funds to the General Account does not entitle you to
share in the investment experience of the General Account.
GENERAL ACCOUNT VALUE
The Company bears the full investment risk for amounts allocated to the General
Account and guarantees that interest credited to each Certificate Owner's
Certificate Value in the General Account will not be less than an annual rate of
4% ("Guaranteed Minimum Rate"). (Under the Certificate, the Guaranteed Minimum
Rate may be higher than 4%.)
The Company may, at its sole discretion, credit a higher rate of interest
("excess interest"), although it is not obligated to credit interest in excess
of the Guaranteed Minimum Rate, and might not do so. However, the excess
interest rate, if any, in effect on the date a premium is received at the
Principal Office is guaranteed on that premium for one year, unless the
Certificate Value associated with the premium becomes security for a Certificate
loan. AFTER SUCH INITIAL ONE-YEAR GUARANTEE OF INTEREST ON NET PREMIUM, ANY
INTEREST CREDITED ON THE CERTIFICATE VALUE IN THE GENERAL ACCOUNT IN EXCESS OF
THE GUARANTEED MINIMUM RATE PER YEAR WILL BE DETERMINED IN THE SOLE DISCRETION
OF THE COMPANY. THE CERTIFICATE OWNER ASSUMES THE RISK THAT INTEREST CREDITED
MAY NOT EXCEED THE GUARANTEED MINIMUM RATE.
Even if excess interest is credited to accumulated value in the General Account,
no excess interest will be credited to that portion of the Certificate Value
which is equal to Debt. However, such Certificate Value will be credited
interest at an effective annual yield of at least 6%.
The Company guarantees that, on each Monthly Processing Date, the Certificate
Value in the General Account will be the amount of the Net Premiums allocated or
Certificate Value transferred to the General Account, plus interest at the
Guaranteed Minimum Rate, plus any excess interest which the Company credits,
less the sum of all Certificate charges allocable to the General Account and any
amounts deducted from the General Account in connection with loans, partial
withdrawals, surrenders or transfers.
48
<PAGE>
THE CERTIFICATE
This Prospectus describes certificates issued under a flexible premium variable
life insurance Certificate, and is generally intended to serve as a disclosure
document only for the aspects of the Certificate relating to the Separate
Account. For complete details regarding the General Account, see the Certificate
itself.
TRANSFERS, SURRENDERS, PARTIAL WITHDRAWALS AND CERTIFICATE LOANS
If a Certificate is surrendered or if a partial withdrawal is made, a surrender
charge or partial withdrawal charge, as applicable, may be imposed if such event
occurs before the Certificate, or an increase in the Face Amount, has been in
force for 15 Certificate years. In the event of a decrease in the Face Amount,
the surrender charge deducted is a fraction of the charge that would apply to a
full surrender of the Certificate. Partial withdrawals are made on a
last-in/first-out basis from Certificate Value allocated to the General Account.
The first twelve transfers in a Certificate year are free of charge. Thereafter,
a $10 transfer charge will be deducted for each transfer in that Certificate
year. The transfer privilege is subject to the consent of the Company and to the
Company's then current rules.
Certificate loans may also be made from the Certificate Value in the General
Account.
Transfers, surrenders, partial withdrawals, Death Proceeds and Certificate loans
payable from the General Account may be delayed up to six months. However, if
payment is delayed for 30 days or more, the Company will pay interest at least
equal to an effective annual yield of 3% for the period of deferment. Amounts
from the General Account used to pay premiums on policies with the Company will
not be delayed.
YEAR 2000 DISCLOSURE
The Year 2000 issue is the result of computer programs being written using two
digits rather than four to define the applicable year. Any of the Company's
computer programs that have date-sensitive software may recognize a date using
"00" as the year 1900 rather than the year 2000. This could result in a system
failure or miscalculations causing disruptions of operations, including, among
other things, a temporary inability to process transactions, send invoices or
engage in similar normal business activities.
Based on a third party assessment, the Company determined that significant
portions of its software required modification or replacement to enable its
computer systems to properly process dates beyond December 31, 1999. The Company
is presently completing the process of modifying or replacing existing software
and believes that this action will resolve the Year 2000 issue. However, if such
modifications and conversions are not made, or are not completed timely, or
should there be serious unanticipated interruptions from unknown sources, the
Year 2000 issue could have a material adverse impact on the operations of the
Company. Specifically, the Company could experience, among other things, an
interruption in its ability to collect and process premiums, process claim
payments, safeguard and manage its invested assets, accurately maintain
policyholder information, accurately maintain accounting records, and perform
customer service. Any of these specific events, depending on duration, could
have a material adverse impact on the results of operations and the financial
position of the Company.
The Company has initiated formal communications with all of its suppliers to
determine the extent to which the Company is vulnerable to those third parties'
failure to remediate their own Year 2000 issue. The Company's total Year 2000
project cost and estimates to complete the project include the estimated costs
and time associated with the Company's involvement on a third party's Year 2000
issue, and are based on presently available information. However, there can be
no guarantee that the systems of other companies on which the Company's systems
rely will be timely converted, or that a failure to convert by another company,
or a conversion that is incompatible with the Company's systems, would not have
material adverse effect on the Company. The Company does not believe that it has
material exposure to contingencies related to the Year
49
<PAGE>
2000 issue for the products it has sold. Although the Company does not believe
that there is a material contingency associated with the Year 2000 project,
there can be no assurance that exposure for material contingencies will not
arise.
The cost of the Year 2000 project will be expensed as incurred and is being
funded primarily through a reallocation of resources from discretionary projects
and a reduction in systems maintenance and support costs. Therefore, the Year
2000 project is not expected to result in any significant incremental technology
cost and is not expected to have a material effect on the results of operations.
The Company and its affiliates have incurred and expensed approximately $54
million related to the assessment, plan development and substantial completion
of the Year 2000 project, through December 31, 1998. The total remaining cost of
the project is estimated between $20-30 million.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Financial Statements for the Company and for the Separate Account are included
in this Prospectus, beginning immediately after the Appendices. The financial
statements of the Company and for the Separate Account should be considered only
as bearing on the ability of the Company to meet its obligations under the
Certificate. They should not be considered as bearing on the investment
performance of the assets held in the Separate Account. The financial statements
for the Sub-Accounts investing in the portfolios of DGPF and the Trust are not
included because sales have not yet begun.
50
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A
OPTIONAL BENEFITS
This Appendix is intended to provide only a very brief overview of additional
insurance benefits available by rider. The following supplemental benefits are
available for issue under the Certificate for an additional charge.
WAIVER OF PREMIUM RIDER
This Rider provides that, during periods of total disability continuing for
more than the period of time specified in the Rider, the Company will add to
the Certificate Value each month an amount selected by you or the amount
necessary to maintain the Certificate in force, whichever is greater. This
benefit is subject to the Company's maximum issue benefits. Its cost may
change yearly.
OTHER INSURED RIDER
This Rider provides a term insurance benefit for up to five Insureds. At
present, this benefit is only available for the spouse and children of the
primary Insured. The Rider includes a feature that allows the "Other
Insured" to convert the coverage to a flexible premium adjustable life
insurance Certificate.
CHILDREN'S INSURANCE RIDER
This Rider provides coverage for eligible minor children. It also covers
future children, including adopted children and stepchildren.
ACCIDENTAL DEATH BENEFIT RIDER
This Rider pays an additional benefit for death resulting from a covered
accident prior to the Certificate anniversary nearest the Insured's Age 70.
OPTION TO ACCELERATE BENEFITS RIDER
This Rider permits part of the proceeds of the Certificate to be available
before death if the Insured becomes terminally ill and, depending on the
group to which the Policy is issued, may also pay part of the proceeds if
the Insured is permanently confined to a nursing home.
EXCHANGE OPTION RIDER
This Rider allows you to use the Certificate to insure a different person,
subject to Company guidelines.
EXCHANGE TO TERM INSURANCE RIDER
This Rider allows a Certificate Owner which is a corporation, a corporate
grantor trust, or a corporate assignee in the case of a split dollar
arrangement, to exchange the Certificate prior to the third Certificate
anniversary for a five-year non-convertible term insurance policy. An
exchange credit will be paid to the Certificate Owner or the corporate
assignee in the case of a corporate-sponsored collateral assignment split
dollar arrangement.
CERTAIN OF THESE RIDERS MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IN ALL STATES.
A-1
<PAGE>
APPENDIX B
PAYMENT OPTIONS
PAYMENT OPTIONS
Upon Written Request, the Surrender Value or all or part of the Death Proceeds
may be placed under one or more of the payment options then offered by the
Company. If you do not make an election, the Company will pay the benefits in a
single sum. A certificate will be provided to the payee describing the payment
option selected.
If a payment option is selected, the Beneficiary may pay to the Company any
amount that would otherwise be deducted from the Death Benefit.
The amounts payable under a payment option are paid from the General Account.
These amounts are not based on the investment experience of the Separate
Account.
SELECTION OF PAYMENT OPTIONS
The amount applied under any one option for any one payee must be at least
$5,000. The periodic payment for any one payee must be at least $50. Subject to
your and/or the Beneficiary's provision, any option selection may be changed
before the Death Proceeds become payable. If you make no selection, the
Beneficiary may select an option when the Death Proceeds becomes payable.
B-1
<PAGE>
APPENDIX C
ILLUSTRATIONS OF SUM INSURED, CERTIFICATE VALUES
AND ACCUMULATED PREMIUMS
The following tables illustrate the way in which the Certificate's Sum Insured
and Certificate Value could vary over an extended period of time.
ASSUMPTIONS
The tables illustrate a Certificate issued to a person, Age 30, under a standard
Premium Class and qualifying for the non-smoker discount, and a Certificate
issued to a person, Age 45, under a standard Premium Class and qualifying for
the non-smoker discount. The tables illustrate the guaranteed cost of insurance
rates and the current cost of insurance rates as presently in effect.
The tables illustrate the Certificate Values that would result based upon the
assumptions that no Certificate loans have been made, that you have not
requested an increase or decrease in the initial Face Amount, that no partial
withdrawals have been made, and that no transfers above 12 have been made in any
Certificate year (so that no transaction or transfer charges have been
incurred).
The tables assume that all premiums are allocated to and remain in the Separate
Account for the entire period shown and are based on hypothetical gross
investment rates of return for the Underlying Fund (i.e., investment income and
capital gains and losses, realized or unrealized) equivalent to constant gross
(after tax) annual rates of 0%, 6%, and 12%. The second column of the tables
shows the amount which would accumulate if an amount equal to the Guideline
Annual Premium were invested each year to earn interest (after taxes) at 5%
compounded annually.
The Certificate Values and Death Proceeds would be different from those shown if
the gross annual investment rates of return averaged 0%, 6%, and 12% over a
period of years, but fluctuated above or below such averages for individual
Certificate years. The values would also be different depending on the
allocation of the Certificate's total Certificate Value among the Sub-Accounts
of the Separate Account, if the actual rates of return averaged 0%, 6% or 12%,
but the rates of each Underlying Fund varied above and below such averages.
DEDUCTIONS FOR CHARGES
The amounts shown for the Death Proceeds and the Certificate Values take into
account the deduction from premium for the premium expense charge, the Monthly
Deduction from Certificate Value, and the monthly charge against the Separate
Account for mortality and expense risks. In both the Current Cost of Insurance
Charges tables and the Guaranteed Cost of Insurance Charges tables, the Separate
Account charge for mortality and expense risks is equivalent to an effective
annual rate of 0.90% of the average monthly value of the assets in the Separate
Account attributable to the Certificates.
EXPENSES OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
The amounts shown in the tables also take into account the Underlying Fund
advisory fees and operating expenses, which are assumed to be at an annual rate
of 0.85% of the average daily net assets of the Underlying Fund. The actual fees
and expenses of each Underlying Fund vary and, in 1998, ranged from an annual
rate of 0.32% to an annual rate of 1.50% of average daily net assets. The fees
and expenses associated with the Certificate may be more or less than 0.85% in
the aggregate, depending upon how you make allocations of the Certificate Value
among the Sub-Accounts.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998, before waiver and/or reimbursement
by the investment adviser, total Series expenses as a percentage of average
daily net assets were 0.86% for DelCap Series, 0.89% for Social Awareness
Series, 1.02% for REIT Series, 1.67% for Emerging Markets Series, 0.81% for
Strategic
C-1
<PAGE>
Income Series, 0.98% for International Equity Series and are anticipated to be
0.92% for Aggressive Growth Series.
The investment adviser for the Growth & Income Series (formerly known as
"Decatur Total Return Series"), Devon Series, DelCap Series, Aggressive Growth
Series, Social Awareness Series, REIT Series, Small Cap Value Series, Trend
Series, Delaware Balanced Series (formerly known as "Delaware Series"),
Delchester Series, Capital Reserves Series, Strategic Income Series, and Cash
Reserve Series is Delaware Management Company, Inc. ("Delaware Management"). The
investment adviser for the International Equity Series, Emerging Markets Series
is Delaware International Advisers Ltd. ("Delaware International"). Effective
May 1, 1999 through October 31, 1999, the investment advisers for the Series of
DGPF have agreed voluntarily to waive their management fees and reimburse each
Series for expenses to the extent that total expenses will not exceed 1.50% for
the Emerging Markets Series; 0.95% for the International Equity Series; 0.85%
for DelCap Series, Aggressive Growth Series, Social Awareness Series, REIT
Series, Small Cap Value Series, Trend Series, and 0.80% for all other Series.
The fee ratios shown above have been restated, if necessary, to reflect the new
voluntary limitations which took effect on May 1, 1999. The declaration of a
voluntary expense limitation does not bind the investment advisers to declare
future expense limitations with respect to these Funds. Pursuant to a vote of
the Fund's shareholders on March 17, 1999, a new management fee structure based
on average daily net assets was approved. The above ratios have been restated to
reflect the new management fee structure which took effect on May 1, 1999.
Until further notice, AFIMS has declared a voluntary expense limitation of 0.60%
for the Money Market Fund. The total operating expenses of this Fund was less
than its expense limitation throughout 1998.
The declaration of a voluntary management fee or expense limitation in any year
does not bind AFIMS to declare future expense limitations with respect to this
Fund. This limitation may be terminated at any time.
The Underlying Fund information above was provided by the Underlying Funds and
was not independently verified by the Company.
NET ANNUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT
Taking into account the 0.90% charge to the Separate Account and the assumed
0.85% charge for the Underlying Fund advisory fees and operating expenses, the
gross annual rates of investment return of 0%, 6% and 12% correspond to net
annual rates of -1.75%, 4.25%, 10.25%, respectively.
The hypothetical returns shown in the table do not reflect any charges for
income taxes against the Separate Account since no charges are currently made.
However, if in the future such charges are made in order to produce illustrated
death benefits and cash values, the gross annual investment rate of return would
have to exceed 0%, 6% or 12% by a sufficient amount to cover the tax charges.
UPON REQUEST, THE COMPANY WILL PROVIDE A COMPARABLE ILLUSTRATION BASED UPON THE
PROPOSED INSURED'S AGE, SEX, AND UNDERWRITING CLASSIFICATION, AND THE REQUESTED
FACE AMOUNT, SUM INSURED OPTION, AND RIDERS.
C-2
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 45
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $250,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 1
CURRENT COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREMIUMS HYPOTHETICAL 0% HYPOTHETICAL 6%
PAID PLUS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 12%
INTEREST ------------------------------ ---------------------------- GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
AT 5% CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE -------------------------------
CERTIFICATE PER YEAR SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT
----------- --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 4,410 65 3,450 250,000 291 3,676 250,000 518 3,903 250,000
2 9,041 2,951 6,805 250,000 3,620 7,473 250,000 4,316 8,169 250,000
3 13,903 7,934 10,065 250,000 9,263 11,395 250,000 10,704 12,836 250,000
4 19,008 12,163 13,228 250,000 14,377 15,442 250,000 16,873 17,939 250,000
5 24,368 16,296 16,296 250,000 19,621 19,621 250,000 23,525 23,525 250,000
6 29,996 19,268 19,268 250,000 23,935 23,935 250,000 29,640 29,640 250,000
7 35,906 22,138 22,138 250,000 28,382 28,382 250,000 36,334 36,334 250,000
8 42,112 24,908 24,908 250,000 32,969 32,969 250,000 43,667 43,667 250,000
9 48,627 27,576 27,576 250,000 37,701 37,701 250,000 51,705 51,705 250,000
10 55,469 30,140 30,140 250,000 42,579 42,579 250,000 60,520 60,520 250,000
11 62,652 32,682 32,682 250,000 47,723 47,723 250,000 70,353 70,353 250,000
12 70,195 35,090 35,090 250,000 53,013 53,013 250,000 81,150 81,150 250,000
13 78,114 37,361 37,361 250,000 58,452 58,452 250,000 93,019 93,019 250,000
14 86,430 39,499 39,499 250,000 64,054 64,054 250,000 106,088 106,088 250,000
15 95,161 41,496 41,496 250,000 69,820 69,820 250,000 120,492 120,492 250,000
16 104,330 43,340 43,340 250,000 75,753 75,753 250,000 136,384 136,384 250,000
17 113,956 45,054 45,054 250,000 81,883 81,883 250,000 153,957 153,957 250,000
18 124,064 46,624 46,624 250,000 88,214 88,214 250,000 173,412 173,412 250,000
19 134,677 48,039 48,039 250,000 94,752 94,752 250,000 194,975 194,975 250,000
20 145,821 49,286 49,286 250,000 101,503 101,503 250,000 218,864 218,864 267,014
Age 60 95,161 41,496 41,496 250,000 69,820 69,820 250,000 120,492 120,492 250,000
Age 65 145,821 49,286 49,286 250,000 101,503 101,503 250,000 218,864 218,864 267,014
Age 70 210,477 52,152 52,152 250,000 138,660 138,660 250,000 379,123 379,123 439,783
Age 75 292,995 47,495 47,495 250,000 183,503 183,503 250,000 637,554 637,554 682,183
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $4,200 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value.
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-3
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 45
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $250,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 1
GUARANTEED COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREMIUMS HYPOTHETICAL 0% HYPOTHETICAL 6%
PAID PLUS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 12%
INTEREST ------------------------------ ---------------------------- GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
AT 5% CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE -------------------------------
CERTIFICATE PER YEAR SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT
----------- --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 4,410 0 2,644 250,000 0 2,833 250,000 0 3,021 250,000
2 9,041 1,330 5,183 250,000 1,872 5,726 250,000 2,438 6,291 250,000
3 13,903 5,484 7,616 250,000 6,547 8,678 250,000 7,701 9,832 250,000
4 19,008 8,869 9,935 250,000 10,619 11,684 250,000 12,599 13,664 250,000
5 24,368 12,141 12,141 250,000 14,746 14,746 250,000 17,818 17,818 250,000
6 29,996 14,231 14,231 250,000 17,862 17,862 250,000 22,323 22,323 250,000
7 35,906 16,191 16,191 250,000 21,018 21,018 250,000 27,202 27,202 250,000
8 42,112 18,014 18,014 250,000 24,209 24,209 250,000 32,488 32,488 250,000
9 48,627 19,686 19,686 250,000 27,422 27,422 250,000 38,214 38,214 250,000
10 55,469 21,195 21,195 250,000 30,644 30,644 250,000 44,414 44,414 250,000
11 62,652 22,592 22,592 250,000 33,953 33,953 250,000 51,257 51,257 250,000
12 70,195 23,810 23,810 250,000 37,268 37,268 250,000 58,707 58,707 250,000
13 78,114 24,839 24,839 250,000 40,580 40,580 250,000 66,832 66,832 250,000
14 86,430 25,672 25,672 250,000 43,886 43,886 250,000 75,712 75,712 250,000
15 95,161 26,295 26,295 250,000 47,174 47,174 250,000 85,436 85,436 250,000
16 104,330 26,679 26,679 250,000 50,422 50,422 250,000 96,095 96,095 250,000
17 113,956 26,801 26,801 250,000 53,611 53,611 250,000 107,803 107,803 250,000
18 124,064 26,623 26,623 250,000 56,708 56,708 250,000 120,688 120,688 250,000
19 134,677 26,095 26,095 250,000 59,675 59,675 250,000 134,895 134,895 250,000
20 145,821 25,171 25,171 250,000 62,471 62,471 250,000 150,609 150,609 250,000
Age 60 95,161 26,295 26,295 250,000 47,174 47,174 250,000 85,436 85,436 250,000
Age 65 145,821 25,171 25,171 250,000 62,471 62,471 250,000 150,609 150,609 250,000
Age 70 210,477 13,032 13,032 250,000 72,707 72,707 250,000 260,185 260,185 301,814
Age 75 292,995 0 0 250,000 70,410 70,410 250,000 438,328 438,328 469,011
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $4,200 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value.
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-4
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 30
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $75,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 2
CURRENT COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREMIUMS HYPOTHETICAL 0% HYPOTHETICAL 6%
PAID PLUS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 12%
INTEREST ------------------------------ ---------------------------- GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
AT 5% CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE --------------------------------
CERTIFICATE PER YEAR SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT
----------- --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------- --------- --------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 1,470 239 1,163 76,163 315 1,239 76,239 390 1,315 76,315
2 3,014 1,251 2,301 77,301 1,476 2,526 77,526 1,709 2,759 77,759
3 4,634 2,926 3,416 78,416 3,373 3,863 78,863 3,858 4,347 79,347
4 6,336 4,262 4,506 79,506 5,007 5,252 80,252 5,848 6,092 81,092
5 8,123 5,572 5,572 80,572 6,694 6,694 81,694 8,009 8,009 83,009
6 9,999 6,614 6,614 81,614 8,190 8,190 83,190 10,114 10,114 85,114
7 11,969 7,632 7,632 82,632 9,743 9,743 84,743 12,426 12,426 87,426
8 14,037 8,626 8,626 83,626 11,355 11,355 86,355 14,966 14,966 89,966
9 16,209 9,594 9,594 84,594 13,025 13,025 88,025 17,754 17,754 92,754
10 18,490 10,538 10,538 85,538 14,757 14,757 89,757 20,815 20,815 95,815
11 20,884 11,487 11,487 86,487 16,591 16,591 91,591 24,231 24,231 99,231
12 23,398 12,412 12,412 87,412 18,497 18,497 93,497 27,989 27,989 102,989
13 26,038 13,314 13,314 88,314 20,477 20,477 95,477 32,126 32,126 107,126
14 28,810 14,192 14,192 89,192 22,532 22,532 97,532 36,679 36,679 111,679
15 31,720 15,047 15,047 90,047 24,667 24,667 99,667 41,689 41,689 116,689
16 34,777 15,877 15,877 90,877 26,882 26,882 101,882 47,203 47,203 122,203
17 37,985 16,683 16,683 91,683 29,182 29,182 104,182 53,272 53,272 128,272
18 41,355 17,465 17,465 92,465 31,568 31,568 106,568 59,951 59,951 134,951
19 44,892 18,221 18,221 93,221 34,044 34,044 109,044 67,302 67,302 142,302
20 48,607 18,951 18,951 93,951 36,611 36,611 111,611 75,394 75,394 150,394
Age 60 97,665 24,489 24,489 99,489 67,803 67,803 142,803 217,674 217,674 292,674
Age 65 132,771 25,558 25,558 100,558 87,380 87,380 162,380 359,341 359,341 438,396
Age 70 177,576 24,833 24,833 99,833 109,533 109,533 184,533 587,281 587,281 681,246
Age 75 234,759 21,425 21,425 96,425 133,642 133,642 208,642 954,540 954,540 1,029,540
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $1,400 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value.
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-5
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 30
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $75,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 2
GUARANTEED COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREMIUMS HYPOTHETICAL 0% HYPOTHETICAL 6%
PAID PLUS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 12%
INTEREST ------------------------------ ---------------------------- GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
AT 5% CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE -------------------------------
CERTIFICATE PER YEAR SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT
----------- --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 1,470 40 964 75,964 105 1,030 76,030 171 1,095 76,095
2 3,014 857 1,907 76,907 1,048 2,098 77,098 1,247 2,297 77,297
3 4,634 2,339 2,828 77,828 2,717 3,207 78,207 3,128 3,617 78,617
4 6,336 3,484 3,728 78,728 4,112 4,357 79,357 4,821 5,066 80,066
5 8,123 4,605 4,605 79,605 5,547 5,547 80,547 6,653 6,653 81,653
6 9,999 5,459 5,459 80,459 6,780 6,780 81,780 8,395 8,395 83,395
7 11,969 6,289 6,289 81,289 8,055 8,055 83,055 10,303 10,303 85,303
8 14,037 7,096 7,096 82,096 9,374 9,374 84,374 12,394 12,394 87,394
9 16,209 7,876 7,876 82,876 10,735 10,735 85,735 14,684 14,684 89,684
10 18,490 8,631 8,631 83,631 12,141 12,141 87,141 17,192 17,192 92,192
11 20,884 9,384 9,384 84,384 13,623 13,623 88,623 19,985 19,985 94,985
12 23,398 10,109 10,109 85,109 15,155 15,155 90,155 23,050 23,050 98,050
13 26,038 10,810 10,810 85,810 16,740 16,740 91,740 26,415 26,415 101,415
14 28,810 11,483 11,483 86,483 18,375 18,375 93,375 30,108 30,108 105,108
15 31,720 12,129 12,129 87,129 20,064 20,064 95,064 34,164 34,164 109,164
16 34,777 12,745 12,745 87,745 21,806 21,806 96,806 38,616 38,616 113,616
17 37,985 13,332 13,332 88,332 23,603 23,603 98,603 43,505 43,505 118,505
18 41,355 13,888 13,888 88,888 25,455 25,455 100,455 48,873 48,873 123,873
19 44,892 14,411 14,411 89,411 27,362 27,362 102,362 54,767 54,767 129,767
20 48,607 14,902 14,902 89,902 29,326 29,326 104,326 61,239 61,239 136,239
Age 60 97,665 17,230 17,230 92,230 51,608 51,608 126,608 173,185 173,185 248,185
Age 65 132,771 15,680 15,680 90,680 63,695 63,695 138,695 282,555 282,555 357,555
Age 70 177,576 10,763 10,763 85,763 74,549 74,549 149,549 456,075 456,075 531,075
Age 75 234,759 454 454 75,454 81,247 81,247 156,247 731,074 731,074 806,074
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $1,400 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value.
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-6
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 45
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $250,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 3
CURRENT COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREMIUMS HYPOTHETICAL 0% HYPOTHETICAL 6%
PAID PLUS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 12%
INTEREST ------------------------------ ---------------------------- GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
AT 5% CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE ----------------------------------
CERTIFICATE PER YEAR SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT
----------- --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------- ---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 13,818 7,656 11,938 250,000 8,402 12,684 250,000 9,148 13,430 250,000
2 28,327 18,161 23,627 250,000 20,401 25,867 250,000 22,731 28,197 250,000
3 43,561 32,943 35,074 250,000 37,441 39,572 250,000 42,308 44,440 250,000
4 59,557 45,216 46,281 250,000 52,756 53,821 250,000 61,244 62,309 250,000
5 76,353 57,256 57,256 250,000 68,641 68,641 250,000 81,978 81,978 250,000
6 93,989 68,004 68,004 250,000 84,057 84,057 250,000 103,596 103,596 277,638
7 112,506 78,525 78,525 250,000 100,081 100,081 260,210 127,257 127,257 330,869
8 131,950 88,828 88,828 250,000 116,658 116,658 293,978 153,152 153,152 385,944
9 152,365 98,918 98,918 250,000 133,806 133,806 326,486 181,488 181,488 442,831
10 173,801 108,762 108,762 257,765 151,535 151,535 359,138 212,483 212,483 503,585
11 196,309 118,647 118,647 272,888 170,269 170,269 391,619 246,940 246,940 567,961
12 219,943 128,273 128,273 286,048 189,647 189,647 422,912 284,656 284,656 634,782
13 244,758 137,642 137,642 297,306 209,683 209,683 452,915 325,929 325,929 704,007
14 270,814 146,758 146,758 308,191 230,396 230,396 483,832 371,087 371,087 779,282
15 298,173 155,621 155,621 317,467 251,798 251,798 513,668 420,474 420,474 857,768
16 326,899 164,222 164,222 326,801 273,884 273,884 545,029 474,439 474,439 944,134
17 357,062 172,597 172,597 333,113 296,726 296,726 572,681 533,492 533,492 1,029,640
18 388,733 180,737 180,737 339,786 320,322 320,322 602,205 598,060 598,060 1,124,354
19 421,988 188,643 188,643 345,217 344,687 344,687 630,777 668,638 668,638 1,223,607
20 456,905 196,319 196,319 349,448 369,840 369,840 658,316 745,769 745,769 1,327,469
Age 60 298,173 155,621 155,621 317,467 251,798 251,798 513,668 420,474 420,474 857,768
Age 65 456,905 196,319 196,319 349,448 369,840 369,840 658,316 745,769 745,769 1,327,469
Age 70 659,493 230,918 230,918 364,851 507,106 507,106 801,227 1,249,851 1,249,851 1,974,765
Age 75 918,052 259,634 259,634 368,680 664,813 664,813 944,034 2,024,008 2,024,008 2,874,091
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $13,160 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value.
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-7
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
GROUP VARI-EXCEPTIONAL LIFE PLUS CERTIFICATE
NON-SMOKER AGE 45
SPECIFIED FACE AMOUNT = $250,000
SUM INSURED OPTION 3
GUARANTEED COST OF INSURANCE CHARGES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREMIUMS HYPOTHETICAL 0% HYPOTHETICAL 6%
PAID PLUS GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN HYPOTHETICAL 12%
INTEREST ------------------------------ ---------------------------- GROSS INVESTMENT RETURN
AT 5% CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE ----------------------------------
CERTIFICATE PER YEAR SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER VALUE DEATH SURRENDER CERTIFICATE DEATH
YEAR (1) VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE (2) BENEFIT VALUE VALUE (2) BENEFIT
----------- --------- --------- -------- -------- --------- ------- ------- ---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 13,818 5,983 10,265 250,000 6,638 10,919 250,000 7,293 11,575 250,000
2 28,327 14,834 20,300 250,000 16,788 22,254 250,000 18,822 24,289 250,000
3 43,561 27,979 30,110 250,000 31,893 34,024 250,000 36,131 38,262 250,000
4 59,557 38,630 39,696 250,000 45,180 46,246 250,000 52,561 53,626 250,000
5 76,353 49,065 49,065 250,000 58,946 58,946 250,000 70,534 70,534 250,000
6 93,989 58,221 58,221 250,000 72,148 72,148 250,000 89,154 89,154 250,000
7 112,506 67,161 67,161 250,000 85,872 85,872 250,000 109,550 109,550 284,829
8 131,950 75,887 75,887 250,000 100,145 100,145 252,365 131,759 131,759 332,033
9 152,365 84,398 84,398 250,000 114,834 114,834 280,195 155,928 155,928 380,465
10 173,801 92,695 92,695 250,000 129,920 129,920 307,911 182,201 182,201 431,817
11 196,309 101,042 101,042 250,000 145,755 145,755 335,237 211,227 211,227 485,821
12 219,943 109,203 109,203 250,000 162,041 162,041 361,351 242,824 242,824 541,497
13 244,758 117,121 117,121 252,981 178,785 178,785 386,176 277,211 277,211 598,776
14 270,814 124,770 124,770 262,017 195,982 195,982 411,563 314,605 314,605 660,670
15 298,173 132,156 132,156 269,599 213,638 213,638 435,822 355,255 355,255 724,720
16 326,899 139,260 139,260 277,128 231,720 231,720 461,122 399,366 399,366 794,739
17 357,062 146,103 146,103 281,978 250,254 250,254 482,990 447,259 447,259 863,211
18 388,733 152,661 152,661 287,003 269,196 269,196 506,088 499,152 499,152 938,406
19 421,988 158,929 158,929 290,839 288,521 288,521 527,994 555,311 555,311 1,016,220
20 456,905 164,906 164,906 293,533 308,218 308,218 548,628 616,041 616,041 1,096,552
Age 60 298,173 132,156 132,156 269,599 213,638 213,638 435,822 355,255 355,255 724,720
Age 65 456,905 164,906 164,906 293,533 308,218 308,218 548,628 616,041 616,041 1,096,552
Age 70 659,493 190,397 190,397 300,827 411,444 411,444 650,081 999,444 999,444 1,579,121
Age 75 918,052 208,764 208,764 296,445 520,467 520,467 739,063 1,550,685 1,550,685 2,201,973
</TABLE>
(1) Assumes a $13,160 premium is paid at the beginning of each Certificate year.
Values will be different if premiums are paid with a different frequency or
in different amounts.
(2) Assumes that no Certificate loan has been made. Excessive loans or
withdrawals may cause this Certificate to lapse because of insufficient
Certificate Value.
THE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN ARE ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY, AND SHOULD
NOT BE DEEMED A REPRESENTATION OF PAST OR FUTURE INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN.
ACTUAL INVESTMENT RESULTS MAY BE MORE OR LESS THAN THOSE SHOWN, AND WILL DEPEND
ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THE INVESTMENT ALLOCATIONS BY A CERTIFICATE
OWNER, AND THE DIFFERENT INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN FOR THE UNDERLYING FUNDS.
THE VALUE OF UNITS, CERTIFICATE VALUE, AND DEATH BENEFIT FOR A CERTIFICATE WOULD
BE DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SHOWN IF THE ACTUAL RATES OF INVESTMENT RETURN AVERAGED
0%, 6% AND 12% OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS, BUT FLUCTUATED ABOVE AND BELOW THOSE
AVERAGES FOR INDIVIDUAL CERTIFICATE YEARS, OR IF ANY PREMIUMS WERE ALLOCATED OR
CERTIFICATE VALUE TRANSFERRED TO THE FIXED ACCOUNT. NO REPRESENTATIONS CAN BE
MADE THAT THESE HYPOTHETICAL INVESTMENT RATES OF RETURN CAN BE ACHIEVED FOR ANY
ONE YEAR OR SUSTAINED OVER ANY PERIOD OF TIME.
C-8
<PAGE>
APPENDIX D
CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGES
A separate surrender charge may be calculated upon issuance of the Certificate
and upon each increase in the Face Amount. The maximum surrender charge
calculated upon issuance of the Certificate is equal to $8.50 per thousand
dollars of the initial Face Amount plus up to 50% (less any premium expense
charge not associated with state and local premium taxes) of the Guideline
Annual Premium, depending on the group to which the Policy is issued. The
maximum surrender charge for an increase in the Face Amount is $8.50 per
thousand dollars of increase, plus up to 50% (less any premium expense charge
not associated with state and local premium taxes) of the Guideline Annual
Premium for the increase. The calculation may be summarized in the following
formula:
<TABLE>
<C> <C> <S>
Face Amount
Maximum Surrender Charge = (8.5 X ----------- ) + (up to 50% X Guideline Annual Premium)
1000
</TABLE>
A further limitation is imposed based on the Standard Nonforfeiture Law of each
state. The maximum surrender charges upon issuance of the Certificate and upon
each increase in the Face Amount are shown in the table. During the first two
Certificate years following issue or an increase in the Face Amount, the actual
surrender charge may be less than the maximum. See CHARGES AND DEDUCTIONS --
"Surrender Charge."
The maximum surrender charge remains level for up to the first 24 Certificate
months, reduces uniformly for the balance of the surrender charge period, and is
zero thereafter. The actual surrender charge imposed may be less than the
maximum.
The Factors used in calculating the maximum surrender charges vary with the
issue Age and Underwriting Class as indicated in the following table.
MAXIMUM SURRENDER CHARGE PER $1000 FACE AMOUNT
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Age at Age at
Issue or Unisex Unisex Issue or Unisex Unisex
Increase Nonsmoker Smoker Increase Nonsmoker Smoker
- --------- ------------- ----------- --------- ------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
0 14.89 41 24.90 28.00
1 14.84 42 25.40 28.70
2 15.00 43 25.95 29.45
3 15.17 44 26.55 30.25
4 15.35 45 27.15 31.10
5 15.53 46 27.85 32.00
6 15.73 47 28.55 32.95
7 15.94 48 29.30 34.00
8 16.16 49 30.10 35.10
9 16.39 50 31.00 36.30
10 16.64 51 31.95 37.55
11 16.91 52 32.95 38.90
12 17.18 53 34.05 40.35
13 17.47 54 35.25 41.95
14 17.70 55 36.50 43.60
15 18.08 56 37.85 45.35
16 18.38 57 39.35 47.25
17 18.67 58 40.95 49.30
18 17.15 18.98 59 42.70 51.50
</TABLE>
D-1
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Age at Age at
Issue or Unisex Unisex Issue or Unisex Unisex
Increase Nonsmoker Smoker Increase Nonsmoker Smoker
- --------- ------------- ----------- --------- ------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
19 17.40 19.29 60 44.60 53.85
20 17.65 19.62 61 46.60 56.40
21 17.92 19.95 62 48.85 56.34
22 18.20 20.25 63 51.25 56.26
23 18.49 20.50 64 53.85 56.18
24 18.80 20.75 65 56.03 56.10
25 19.13 21.00 66 55.90 56.01
26 19.48 21.25 67 55.74 55.90
27 19.85 21.55 68 55.58 55.76
28 20.24 21.85 69 55.41 55.63
29 20.60 22.20 70 55.27 55.49
30 20.85 22.50 71 55.12 55.38
31 21.10 22.85 72 54.96 55.29
32 21.40 23.25 73 54.85 55.23
33 21.70 23.65 74 54.75 55.19
34 22.05 24.10 75 54.64 55.16
35 22.35 24.55 76 54.52 55.10
36 22.75 25.05 77 54.36 55.01
37 23.10 25.55 78 54.18 54.86
38 23.50 26.10 79 53.97 54.68
39 23.95 26.70 80 53.75 54.49
40 24.40 27.35
</TABLE>
EXAMPLES
For the purposes of these examples, assume that a unisex, Age 35 non-smoker
purchases a $100,000 Certificate. In this example the Guideline Annual Premium
("GAP") equals $1,032.25. The maximum surrender charge is calculated as follows:
(1) Deferred Administrative Charge $850.00
($8.50/$1,000 of Face Amount)
(2) Deferred Sales Charge $516.13
(50% X GAP)
--------------
$1,366.13
Maximum surrender charge per Table (22.35 X 100) $2,235.00
During the first two Certificate years after the Date of Issue, the actual
surrender charge is the smaller of the maximum surrender charge and the
following sum:
(1) Deferred Administrative Charge ($8.50/$1,000 of Face Amount) $850.00
(2) Deferred Sales Charge Varies
(not to exceed 30% of premiums received, up to one
GAP, plus 9% of premiums received in excess of one GAP)
--------------------
Sum of (1) and (2)
D-2
<PAGE>
The maximum surrender charge is $1,366.13. All premiums are associated with the
initial Face Amount unless the Face Amount is increased.
Example 1:
Assume the Certificate Owner surrenders the Certificate in the 10th Certificate
month, having paid total premiums of $900. The actual surrender charge would be
$1,120.
Example 2:
Assume the Certificate Owner surrenders the Certificate in the 120th Certificate
month. Also assume that after the 24th Certificate month, the maximum surrender
charge decreases by 1/156 per month, thereby reaching zero at the end of the
15th Certificate year. In this example, the maximum surrender charge would be
$525.43.
D-3
<PAGE>
APPENDIX E
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
The Certificates were first offered to the public in 1998. However, the Company
may advertise "Total Return" and "Average Annual Total Return" performance
information based on the periods that the Underlying Funds have been in
existence (Tables I(A) and I(B)). The results for any period prior to the
Certificates being offered will be calculated as if the Certificates had been
offered during that period of time, with all charges assumed to be those
applicable to the Sub-Accounts, the Underlying Funds, and (in Table I) under a
"representative" Certificate that is surrendered at the end of the applicable
period. For more information on charges under the Certificates, see CHARGES AND
DEDUCTIONS.
Performance information may be compared, in reports and promotional literature,
to: (1) the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index ("S&P 500"), Dow Jones Industrial
Average ("DJIA"), Shearson Lehman Aggregate Bond Index or other unmanaged
indices so that investors may compare results with those of a group of unmanaged
securities widely regarded by investors as representative of the securities
markets in general; (2) other groups of variable life separate accounts or other
investment products tracked by Lipper Inc., a widely used independent research
firm which ranks mutual funds and other investment products by overall
performance, investment objectives, and assets, or tracked by other services,
companies, publications, or persons, such as Morningstar, Inc., who rank such
investment products on overall performance or other criteria; or (3) the
Consumer Price Index (a measure for inflation) to assess the real rate of return
from an investment. Unmanaged indices may assume the reinvestment of dividends
but generally do not reflect deductions for administrative and management costs
and expenses.
At times, the Company may also advertise the ratings and other information
assigned to it by independent rating organizations such as A.M. Best Company
("A.M. Best"), Moody's Investors Services ("Moody's"), Standard & Poor's
Insurance Rating Services ("S&P") and Duff & Phelps. A.M. Best's and Moody's
ratings reflect their current opinion of the Company's relative financial
strength and operating performance in comparison to the norms of the life/health
insurance industry. S&P's and Duff & Phelps' ratings measure the ability of an
insurance company to meet its obligations under insurance policies it issues and
do not measure the ability of such companies to meet other non-policy
obligations. The ratings also do not relate to the performance of the Underlying
Portfolios.
The Company may provide information on various topics of interest to Certificate
Owners and prospective Certificate Owners in sales literature, periodic
publications or other materials. These topics may include the relationship
between sectors of the economy and the economy as a whole and its effect on
various securities markets, investment strategies and techniques (such as value
investing, market timing, dollar cost averaging, asset allocation, constant
ratio transfer and account rebalancing), the advantages and disadvantages of
investing in tax-deferred and taxable investments, customer profiles and
hypothetical purchase and investment scenarios, financial management and tax and
retirement planning, and investment alternatives to certificates of deposit and
other financial instruments.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION REFLECTS ONLY THE PERFORMANCE OF A HYPOTHETICAL
INVESTMENT DURING THE PARTICULAR TIME PERIOD ON WHICH THE CALCULATIONS ARE
BASED. ONE-YEAR TOTAL RETURN AND AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN FIGURES ARE BASED
ON HISTORICAL EARNINGS AND ARE NOT INTENDED TO INDICATE FUTURE APERFORMANCE.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES, CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF THE PORTFOLIO OF THE
UNDERLYING FUND IN WHICH A SUB-ACCOUNT INVESTS AND THE MARKET CONDITIONS DURING
THE GIVEN TIME PERIOD, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS A REPRESENTATION OF WHAT
MAY BE ACHIEVED IN THE FUTURE.
E-1
<PAGE>
TABLE I(A)
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS FOR PERIODS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1998
SINCE INCEPTION OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
NET OF ALL CHARGES AND ASSUMING SURRENDER OF THE CERTIFICATE
The following performance information is based on the periods that the
Underlying Funds have been in existence. The data is net of expenses of the
Underlying Funds, all Sub-Account charges (assumed to be 0.90%), and all
Certificate charges (including surrender charges) for a representative
Certificate. It is assumed that the Insured is male (unisex rates), Age 36,
standard (non-smoker) Premium Class, that the Face Amount of the Certificate is
$250,000, that an annual premium payment of $3,000 (approximately one Guideline
Annual Premium) was made at the beginning of each Certificate year, that ALL
premiums were allocated to EACH Sub-Account individually, and that there was a
full surrender of the Certificate at the end of the applicable period.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TEN YEARS OR
ONE YEAR SINCE
TOTAL FIVE INCEPTION
UNDERLYING FUND RETURN YEARS (IF LESS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Growth & Income Series -100.00% 11.93% 9.41%
Devon Series -96.47% N/A -43.09%
DelCap Series -100.00% 7.24% 7.44%
Aggressive Growth Series N/A N/A N/A
Social Awareness Series -100.00% N/A -48.47%
REIT Series N/A N/A -100.00%
Small Cap Value Series -100.00% 7.04% 7.48%
Trend Series -100.00% 9.62% 10.05%
International Equity Series -100.00% 3.49% 5.05%
Emerging Markets Series -100.00% N/A -100.00%
Delaware Balanced Series -100.00% 9.93% 10.59%
Delchester Series -100.00% 0.12% 5.20%
Capital Reserves Series -100.00% -1.19% 2.59%
Strategic Income Series -100.00% N/A -68.70%
Cash Reserve Series -100.00% -2.16% 0.69%
Money Market Fund -100.00% -1.79% 1.16%
</TABLE>
The inception dates for the Underlying Funds are: 10/29/92 for International
Equity Series; 12/27/93 for Small Cap Value and Trend Series; 7/2/91 for DelCap
Series; 7/28/88 for Delaware Balanced Series, Growth & Income Series, Delchester
Series, Capital Reserves Series, and Cash Reserve Series; 5/1/97 for the Devon
Series, Social Awareness Series, Emerging Markets Series, and Strategic Income
Series; 5/1/98 for REIT Series; and 4/29/85 for Money Market Fund.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION REFLECTS ONLY THE PERFORMANCE OF A HYPOTHETICAL
INVESTMENT DURING THE PARTICULAR TIME PERIOD ON WHICH THE CALCULATIONS ARE
BASED. ONE-YEAR TOTAL RETURN AND AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN FIGURES ARE BASED
ON HISTORICAL EARNINGS AND ARE NOT INTENDED TO INDICATE FUTURE PERFORMANCE.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES, CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF THE PORTFOLIO OF THE
UNDERLYING FUND IN WHICH A SUB-ACCOUNT INVESTS AND THE MARKET CONDITIONS DURING
THE GIVEN TIME PERIOD, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS A REPRESENTATION OF WHAT
MAY BE ACHIEVED IN THE FUTURE.
E-2
<PAGE>
TABLE I(B)
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS FOR PERIODS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1998
SINCE INCEPTION OF THE UNDERLYING FUNDS
EXCLUDING MONTHLY CERTIFICATE CHARGES AND SURRENDER CHARGES
The following performance information is based on the periods that the
Underlying Funds have been in existence. The performance information is net of
total Underlying Fund expenses and all Sub-Account charges. THE DATA DOES NOT
REFLECT MONTHLY CHARGES UNDER THE CERTIFICATE OR SURRENDER CHARGES. It is
assumed that an annual premium payment of $3,000 (approximately one Guideline
Annual Premium) was made at the beginning of each Certificate year and that ALL
premiums were allocated to EACH Sub-Account individually.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TEN YEARS OR
ONE YEAR SINCE
TOTAL FIVE INCEPTION
UNDERLYING FUND RETURN YEARS (IF LESS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Growth & Income Series 10.35% 17.99% 12.65%
Devon Series 22.93% N/A 30.26%
DelCap Series 17.74% 13.29% 11.73%
Aggressive Growth Series N/A N/A N/A
Social Awareness Series 14.41% N/A 25.42%
REIT Series N/A N/A -9.55%
Small Cap Value Series -5.65% 13.09% 13.52%
Trend Series 15.00% 15.68% 16.10%
International Equity Series 9.34% 9.55% 10.14%
Emerging Markets Series -33.09% N/A -27.03%
Delaware Balanced Series 17.55% 15.99% 13.80%
Delchester Series -2.71% 6.18% 8.56%
Capital Reserves Series 5.82% 4.87% 6.04%
Strategic Income Series 1.71% N/A 4.34%
Cash Reserve Series 4.13% 3.91% 4.21%
Money Market Fund 4.56% 4.27% 4.67%
</TABLE>
The inception dates for the Underlying Funds are: 10/29/92 for International
Equity Series; 12/27/93 for Small Cap Value and Trend Series; 7/2/91 for DelCap
Series; 7/28/88 for Delaware Balanced Series, Growth & Income Series, Delchester
Series, Capital Reserves Series, and Cash Reserve Series; 5/1/97 for the Devon
Series, Social Awareness Series, Emerging Markets Series, and Strategic Income
Series; 5/1/98 for REIT Series; and 4/29/85 for Money Market Fund.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION REFLECTS ONLY THE PERFORMANCE OF A HYPOTHETICAL
INVESTMENT DURING THE PARTICULAR TIME PERIOD ON WHICH THE CALCULATIONS ARE
BASED. ONE-YEAR TOTAL RETURN AND AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN FIGURES ARE BASED
ON HISTORICAL EARNINGS AND ARE NOT INTENDED TO INDICATE FUTURE PERFORMANCE.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES, CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF THE PORTFOLIO OF THE
UNDERLYING FUND IN WHICH A SUB-ACCOUNT INVESTS AND THE MARKET CONDITIONS DURING
THE GIVEN TIME PERIOD, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS A REPRESENTATION OF WHAT
MAY BE ACHIEVED IN THE FUTURE.
E-3
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA
FINANCIAL LIFE
INSURANCE COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1998
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Shareholder of
First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related
consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholder's equity
and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries (the
"Company") at December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the results of their operations
and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December
31, 1998, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management; our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with
generally accepted auditing standards which require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed
above.
/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 2, 1999, except for paragraph 2 of Note 18 and Note 20,
which are as of March 19, 1999 and April 1, 1999, respectively
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
----------------------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
REVENUES
Premiums................................... $2,303.9 $2,311.0 $2,236.3
Universal life and investment product
policy fees.............................. 296.6 237.3 197.2
Net investment income...................... 613.7 641.8 670.8
Net realized investment gains.............. 62.6 76.5 66.8
Other income............................... 142.6 117.6 108.4
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues......................... 3,419.4 3,384.2 3,279.5
-------- -------- --------
BENEFITS, LOSSES AND EXPENSES
Policy benefits, claims, losses and loss
adjustment expenses...................... 2,050.2 2,004.6 1,957.0
Policy acquisition expenses................ 452.8 425.1 470.1
Sales practice litigation.................. 31.0 -- --
Loss from exiting reinsurance pools........ 25.3 -- --
Loss from cession of disability income
business................................. -- 53.9 --
Restructuring costs........................ 13.0 -- --
Other operating expenses................... 559.0 523.7 503.2
-------- -------- --------
Total benefits, losses and expenses.... 3,131.3 3,007.3 2,930.3
-------- -------- --------
Income before federal income taxes............. 288.1 376.9 349.2
-------- -------- --------
FEDERAL INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)
Current.................................... 67.6 83.3 96.8
Deferred................................... (15.4) 14.2 (15.7)
-------- -------- --------
Total federal income tax expense....... 52.2 97.5 81.1
-------- -------- --------
Income before minority interest................ 235.9 279.4 268.1
Minority interest.......................... (55.0) (79.4) (74.6)
-------- -------- --------
Net income..................................... $ 180.9 $ 200.0 $ 193.5
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-1
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
-------------------------------------------------------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Investments:
Fixed maturities at fair value (amortized cost of
$7,520.8 and $6,992.8)............................. $ 7,683.9 $ 7,253.5
Equity securities at fair value (cost of $253.1 and
$341.1)............................................ 397.1 479.0
Mortgage loans...................................... 562.3 567.5
Real estate......................................... 20.4 50.3
Policy loans........................................ 154.3 141.9
Other long-term investments......................... 142.7 148.3
--------- ---------
Total investments............................... 8,960.7 8,640.5
--------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents............................. 504.0 213.9
Accrued investment income............................. 141.0 141.8
Deferred policy acquisition costs..................... 1,161.2 965.5
--------- ---------
Reinsurance receivables:
Future policy benefits.............................. 322.6 307.1
Outstanding claims, losses and loss adjustment
expenses........................................... 652.2 626.7
Other............................................... 161.6 106.4
--------- ---------
Total reinsurance receivables................... 1,136.4 1,040.2
--------- ---------
Deferred federal income taxes......................... 19.4 --
Premiums, accounts and notes receivable............... 510.5 554.4
Other assets.......................................... 530.6 373.0
Closed Block assets................................... 803.1 806.7
Separate account assets............................... 13,697.7 9,755.4
--------- ---------
Total assets.................................... $27,464.6 $22,491.4
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
LIABILITIES
Policy liabilities and accruals:
Future policy benefits.............................. $ 2,802.2 $ 2,598.5
Outstanding claims, losses and loss adjustment
expenses........................................... 2,815.9 2,825.0
Unearned premiums................................... 843.2 846.8
Contractholder deposit funds and other policy
liabilities........................................ 2,637.0 1,852.7
--------- ---------
Total policy liabilities and accruals........... 9,098.3 8,123.0
--------- ---------
Expenses and taxes payable............................ 681.9 662.6
Reinsurance premiums payable.......................... 50.2 37.7
Short-term debt....................................... 221.3 33.0
Deferred federal income taxes......................... -- 12.9
Long-term debt........................................ -- 2.6
Closed Block liabilities.............................. 872.0 885.6
Separate account liabilities.......................... 13,691.5 9,749.7
--------- ---------
Total liabilities............................... 24,615.2 19,507.1
--------- ---------
Minority interest..................................... 532.9 748.9
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 13 and 18)
SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
Common stock, $10 par value, 1 million shares
authorized, 500,000 shares issued and outstanding... 5.0 5.0
Additional paid-in capital............................ 444.0 453.7
Accumulated other comprehensive income................ 169.2 209.3
Retained earnings..................................... 1,698.3 1,567.4
--------- ---------
Total shareholder's equity...................... 2,316.5 2,235.4
--------- ---------
Total liabilities and shareholder's equity...... $27,464.6 $22,491.4
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-2
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
----------------------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
COMMON STOCK................................... $ 5.0 $ 5.0 $ 5.0
-------- -------- --------
ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL
Balance at beginning of period............. 453.7 392.4 392.4
Contributed from parent.................... -- 61.3 --
Loss on change of interest -- Allmerica
P&C...................................... (9.7) -- --
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of period................... 444.0 453.7 392.4
-------- -------- --------
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Net unrealized appreciation on investments:
Balance at beginning of period............. 209.3 131.4 153.0
Appreciation (depreciation) during the
period:
Net (depreciation) appreciation on
available-for-sale securities............ (82.4) 170.9 (35.1)
Benefit (provision) for deferred federal
income taxes............................. 28.9 (59.8) 11.8
Minority interest.......................... 13.4 (33.2) 1.7
-------- -------- --------
(40.1) 77.9 (21.6)
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of period................... 169.2 209.3 131.4
-------- -------- --------
RETAINED EARNINGS
Balance at beginning of period............. 1,567.4 1,367.4 1,173.9
Net income................................. 180.9 200.0 193.5
Dividend to shareholder.................... (50.0) -- --
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of period................... 1,698.3 1,567.4 1,367.4
-------- -------- --------
Total shareholder's equity............. $2,316.5 $2,235.4 $1,896.2
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-3
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
-------------------------------------------- ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income.................................. $180.9 $200.0 $193.5
------ ------ ------
Other comprehensive income:
Net (depreciation) appreciation on
available-for-sale securities........... (82.4) 170.9 (35.1)
Benefit (provision) for deferred federal
income taxes............................ 28.9 (59.8) 11.8
Minority interest......................... 13.4 (33.2) 1.7
------ ------ ------
Other comprehensive income.............. (40.1) 77.9 (21.6)
------ ------ ------
Comprehensive income...................... $140.8 $277.9 $171.9
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-4
<PAGE>
FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
(A WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF ALLMERICA FINANCIAL CORPORATION)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
-------------------------------------------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income.............................. $ 180.9 $ 200.0 $ 193.5
Adjustments to reconcile net income to
net cash provided by operating
activities:
Minority interest................... 55.0 79.4 74.6
Net realized gains.................. (62.7) (77.8) (66.8)
Net amortization and depreciation... 20.7 31.6 44.7
Deferred federal income taxes....... (15.4) 14.2 (15.7)
Loss from exiting reinsurance
pools............................... 25.3 -- --
Sales practice litigation expense... 31.0 -- --
Payment related to exiting
reinsurance pools................... (30.3) -- --
Loss from cession of disability
income business..................... -- 53.9 --
Payment related to cession of
disability income business.......... -- (207.0) --
Change in deferred acquisition
costs............................... (185.8) (189.7) (73.9)
Change in premiums and notes
receivable, net of reinsurance
payable............................. 56.7 (15.1) (16.8)
Change in accrued investment
income.............................. 0.8 7.1 16.7
Change in policy liabilities and
accruals, net....................... 168.1 (134.9) (184.3)
Change in reinsurance receivable.... (115.4) 27.2 123.8
Change in expenses and taxes
payable............................. (3.3) 49.4 26.0
Separate account activity, net...... (48.5) -- 5.2
Other, net.......................... (63.8) 20.4 38.5
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in)
operating activities................ 13.3 (141.3) 165.5
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from disposals and maturities
of available-for-sale fixed
maturities............................. 1,929.1 2,892.9 3,985.8
Proceeds from disposals of equity
securities............................. 285.3 162.7 228.7
Proceeds from disposals of other
investments............................ 120.8 116.3 99.3
Proceeds from mortgages matured or
collected.............................. 171.2 204.7 176.9
Purchase of available-for-sale fixed
maturities............................. (2,588.4) (2,596.0) (3,771.1)
Purchase of equity securities........... (119.9) (67.0) (90.9)
Purchase of other investments........... (274.4) (175.0) (168.0)
Capital expenditures.................... (0.7) (15.3) (12.8)
Purchase of minority interest in
Citizens Corporation................... (195.9) -- --
Other investing activities, net......... 5.1 1.3 4.3
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by
investing activities................ (667.8) 524.6 452.2
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Deposits and interest credited to
contractholder deposit funds........... 1,419.2 457.6 268.7
Withdrawals from contractholder deposit
funds.................................. (625.0) (647.1) (905.0)
Change in short-term debt............... 188.3 (5.4) 10.4
Change in long-term debt................ (2.6) (0.1) (0.1)
Dividend paid to parent................. (50.0) -- --
Dividends paid to minority
shareholders........................... -- (9.4) (3.9)
Additional paid-in capital.............. -- 0.1 --
Subsidiary treasury stock purchased, at
cost................................... (1.0) (140.0) (42.0)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in)
financing activities................ 928.9 (344.3) (671.9)
-------- -------- --------
Net change in cash and cash equivalents..... 274.4 39.0 (54.2)
Net change in cash held in the Closed
Block...................................... 15.7 (1.0) (6.5)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of
period..................................... 213.9 175.9 236.6
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period.... $ 504.0 $ 213.9 $ 175.9
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Interest paid............................... $ 7.3 $ 3.6 $ 18.6
Income taxes paid........................... $ 133.5 $ 66.3 $ 72.0
</TABLE>
THE ACCOMPANYING NOTES ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF THESE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS.
F-5
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements of First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company ("FAFLIC", or the "Company"), a wholly owned subsidiary of
Allmerica Financial Corporation ("AFC"), include the accounts of its wholly
owned life insurance subsidiary Allmerica Financial Life Insurance and Annuity
Company ("AFLIAC"), its non-insurance subsidiaries (principally brokerage and
investment advisory subsidiaries), and Allmerica Property and Casualty
Companies, Inc. ("Allmerica P&C") (a 70.06%-owned non-insurance holding
company). The Closed Block (Note 1B) assets and liabilities at December 31, 1998
and 1997, and its results of operations subsequent to demutualization are
presented in the consolidated financial statements as single line items. Unless
specifically stated, all disclosures contained herein supporting the
consolidated financial statements at December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the years
then ended exclude the Closed Block related amounts. All significant
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
On December 3, 1998, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common stock of
Citizens Corporation (formerly an 82.5% owned non-insurance subsidiary of
Hanover, a wholly owned subsidiary of Allmerica P&C) that it did not already own
in exchange for cash of $195.9 million (Note 3). The acquisition has been
recognized as a purchase. The minority interest acquired totaled $158.5 million.
A total of $40.8 million representing the excess of the purchase price over the
fair values of the net assets acquired, net of deferred taxes, has been
allocated to goodwill and is being amortized over a 40-year period.
Allmerica P&C and a wholly owned subsidiary of AFC merged on July 16, 1997.
Through the merger, AFC acquired all of the outstanding common stock of
Allmerica P&C that it did not already own in exchange for cash and stock. The
merger has been accounted for as a purchase. A total of $90.6 million,
representing the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net
assets acquired, net of deferred taxes, has been allocated to goodwill and is
being amortized over a 40-year period. Additional information pertaining to the
merger agreement is included in Note 2, significant transactions.
Minority interest relates to the Company's investment in Allmerica P&C and its
only significant subsidiary, The Hanover Insurance Company ("Hanover").
Hanover's wholly owned subsidiary is Citizens Corporation, the holding company
for Citizens Insurance Company of America ("Citizens"). Minority interest also
includes an amount related to the minority interest in Citizens Corporation.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and
the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
B. CLOSED BLOCK
The Company established and began operating a closed block (the "Closed Block")
for the benefit of the participating policies included therein, consisting of
certain individual life insurance participating policies, individual deferred
annuity contracts and supplementary contracts not involving life contingencies
which were in force as of FAFLIC's demutualization on October 16, 1995; such
policies constitute the "Closed Block Business". The purpose of the Closed Block
is to protect the policy dividend expectations of such FAFLIC dividend paying
policies and contracts. Unless the Commissioner consents to an earlier
termination, the Closed Block will continue to be in effect until the date none
of the Closed Block policies are in force. FAFLIC allocated to the Closed Block
assets in an amount that is expected to produce cash flows which, together with
future revenues from the Closed Block Business, are reasonably sufficient to
support the Closed Block Business, including provision for payment of policy
benefits, certain future expenses and taxes and for
F-6
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
continuation of policyholder dividend scales payable in 1994 so long as the
experience underlying such dividend scales continues. The Company expects that
the factors underlying such experience will fluctuate in the future and
policyholder dividend scales for Closed Block Business will be set accordingly.
Although the assets and income allocated to the Closed Block inure solely to the
benefit of the holders of policies included in the Closed Block, the excess of
Closed Block liabilities over Closed Block assets as measured on a GAAP basis
represent the expected future post-tax income from the Closed Block which may be
recognized in income over the period the policies and contracts in the Closed
Block remain in force.
If the actual income from the Closed Block in any given period equals or exceeds
the expected income for such period as determined at the inception of the Closed
Block, the expected income would be recognized in income for that period.
Further, any excess of the actual income over the expected income would also be
recognized in income to the extent that the aggregate expected income for all
prior periods exceeded the aggregate actual income. Any remaining excess of
actual income over expected income would be accrued as a liability for
policyholder dividends in the Closed Block to be paid to the Closed Block
policyholders. This accrual for future dividends effectively limits the actual
Closed Block income recognized in income to the Closed Block income expected to
emerge from operation of the Closed Block as determined at inception.
If, over the period the policies and contracts in the Closed Block remain in
force, the actual income from the Closed Block is less than the expected income
from the Closed Block, only such actual income (which could reflect a loss)
would be recognized in income. If the actual income from the Closed Block in any
given period is less than the expected income for that period and changes in
dividends scales are inadequate to offset the negative performance in relation
to the expected performance, the income inuring to shareholders of the Company
will be reduced. If a policyholder dividend liability had been previously
established in the Closed Block because the actual income to the relevant date
had exceeded the expected income to such date, such liability would be reduced
by this reduction in income (but not below zero) in any periods in which the
actual income for that period is less than the expected income for such period.
C. VALUATION OF INVESTMENTS
In accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities"
("Statement No. 115"), the Company is required to classify its investments into
one of three categories: held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading. The
Company determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time
of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date.
Marketable equity securities and debt securities are classified as
available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value,
with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in a separate
component of shareholder's equity. The amortized cost of debt securities is
adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity.
Such amortization is included in investment income.
Mortgage loans on real estate are stated at unpaid principal balances, net of
unamortized discounts and reserves. Reserves on mortgage loans are based on
losses expected by the Company to be realized on transfers of mortgage loans to
real estate (upon foreclosure), on the disposition or settlement of mortgage
loans and on mortgage loans which the Company believes may not be collectible in
full. In establishing reserves, the Company considers, among other things, the
estimated fair value of the underlying collateral.
Fixed maturities and mortgage loans that are delinquent are placed on
non-accrual status, and thereafter interest income is recognized only when cash
payments are received.
Policy loans are carried principally at unpaid principal balances.
F-7
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
During 1997, the Company adopted a plan to dispose of all real estate assets by
the end of 1998. As of December 31, 1998, there were 7 properties remaining in
the Company's real estate portfolio, all of which are being actively marketed.
As a result of the plan, real estate held by the Company and real estate joint
ventures were written down to the estimated fair value less costs of disposal.
Depreciation is not recorded on these assets while they are held for disposal.
Realized investment gains and losses, other than those related to separate
accounts for which the Company does not bear the investment risk, are reported
as a component of revenues based upon specific identification of the investment
assets sold. When an other-than-temporary impairment of the value of a specific
investment or a group of investments is determined, a realized investment loss
is recorded. Changes in the valuation allowance for mortgage loans are included
in realized investment gains or losses.
D. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into transactions involving
various types of financial instruments, including debt, investments such as
fixed maturities, mortgage loans and equity securities, investment and loan
commitments, swap contracts and interest rate futures contracts. These
instruments involve credit risk and also may be subject to risk of loss due to
interest rate fluctuation. The Company evaluates and monitors each financial
instrument individually and, when appropriate, obtains collateral or other
security to minimize losses.
Derivative financial instruments are accounted for under three different
methods: fair value accounting, deferral accounting and accrual accounting.
Interest rate swap contracts used to hedge interest rate risk are accounted for
using a combination of the fair value method and accrual method, with changes in
fair value reported in unrealized gains and losses in equity consistent with the
underlying hedged security, and the net payment or receipt on the swaps reported
in net investment income. Foreign currency swap contracts used to hedge foreign
currency exchange risk are accounted for using a combination of the fair value
method and accrual method, with changes in fair value reported in unrealized
gains and losses in equity consistent with the underlying hedged security, and
the net payment or receipt on the swaps reported in net investment income.
Futures contracts used to hedge interest rate risk are accounted for using the
deferral method, with gains and losses deferred in unrealized gains and losses
in equity and recognized in earnings in conjunction with the earnings
recognition of the underlying hedged item. Default swap contracts entered into
for investment purposes are accounted for using the fair value method, with
changes in fair value, if any, reported in realized investment gains and losses
in earnings. Premium paid to the Company on default swap contracts is reported
in net investment income in earnings. Other swap contracts entered into for
investment purposes are accounted for using the fair value method, with changes
in fair value reported in realized investment gains and losses in earnings. Any
ineffective swaps or futures hedges are recognized currently in realized
investment gains and losses in earnings.
E. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, amounts due from banks and
highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three
months or less.
F. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS
Acquisition costs consist of commissions, underwriting costs and other costs,
which vary with, and are primarily related to, the production of revenues.
Property and casualty, group life and group health insurance business
acquisition costs are deferred and amortized over the terms of the insurance
policies. Acquisition costs related to universal life products, variable
annuities and contractholder deposit funds are deferred and amortized in
proportion to total estimated gross profits from investment yields, mortality,
surrender charges and expense margins over the expected life of the contracts.
This amortization is reviewed annually and adjusted retrospectively when the
Company revises its estimate of current or future gross profits to be realized
F-8
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
from this group of products, including realized and unrealized gains and losses
from investments. Acquisition costs related to fixed annuities and other life
insurance products are deferred and amortized, generally in proportion to the
ratio of annual revenue to the estimated total revenues over the contract
periods based upon the same assumptions used in estimating the liability for
future policy benefits.
Deferred acquisition costs for each life product and property and casualty line
of business are reviewed to determine if they are recoverable from future
income, including investment income. If such costs are determined to be
unrecoverable, they are expensed at the time of determination. Although
realization of deferred policy acquisition costs is not assured, the Company
believes it is more likely than not that all of these costs will be realized.
The amount of deferred policy acquisition costs considered realizable, however,
could be reduced in the near term if the estimates of gross profits or total
revenues discussed above are reduced. The amount of amortization of deferred
policy acquisition costs could be revised in the near term if any of the
estimates discussed above are revised.
G. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost, less
accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided using the
straight-line or accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the
related assets which generally range from 3 to 30 years. Amortization of
leasehold improvements is provided using the straight-line method over the
lesser of the term of the leases or the estimated useful life of the
improvements.
H. SEPARATE ACCOUNTS
Separate account assets and liabilities represent segregated funds administered
and invested by the Company for the benefit of certain pension, variable annuity
and variable life insurance contractholders. Assets consist principally of
bonds, common stocks, mutual funds, and short-term obligations at market value.
The investment income, gains and losses of these accounts generally accrue to
the contractholders and, therefore, are not included in the Company's net
income. Appreciation and depreciation of the Company's interest in the separate
accounts, including undistributed net investment income, is reflected in
shareholder's equity or net investment income.
I. POLICY LIABILITIES AND ACCRUALS
Future policy benefits are liabilities for life, health and annuity products.
Such liabilities are established in amounts adequate to meet the estimated
future obligations of policies in force. The liabilities associated with
traditional life insurance products are computed using the net level premium
method for individual life and annuity policies, and are based upon estimates as
to future investment yield, mortality and withdrawals that include provisions
for adverse deviation. Future policy benefits for individual life insurance and
annuity policies are computed using interest rates ranging from 2 1/2% to 7 1/4%
for life insurance and 2 1/2% to 9 1/2% for annuities. Estimated liabilities are
established for group life and health policies that contain experience rating
provisions. Mortality, morbidity and withdrawal assumptions for all policies are
based on the Company's own experience and industry standards. Liabilities for
universal life include deposits received from customers and investment earnings
on their fund balances, less administrative charges. Universal life fund
balances are also assessed mortality and surrender charges.
Liabilities for outstanding claims, losses and loss adjustment expenses ("LAE")
are estimates of payments to be made on property and casualty and health
insurance for reported losses and LAE and estimates of losses and LAE incurred
but not reported. These liabilities are determined using case basis evaluations
and statistical analyses and represent estimates of the ultimate cost of all
losses incurred but not paid. These estimates are continually reviewed and
adjusted as necessary; such adjustments are reflected in current operations.
Estimated amounts of salvage and subrogation on unpaid property and casualty
losses are deducted from the liability for unpaid claims.
F-9
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Premiums for property and casualty, group life, and accident and health
insurance are reported as earned on a pro-rata basis over the contract period.
The unexpired portion of these premiums is recorded as unearned premiums.
Contractholder deposit funds and other policy liabilities include investment
related products such as guaranteed investment contracts, deposit administration
funds and immediate participation guarantee funds and consist of deposits
received from customers and investment earnings on their fund balances.
All policy liabilities and accruals are based on the various estimates discussed
above. Although the adequacy of these amounts cannot be assured, the Company
believes that it is more likely than not that policy liabilities and accruals
will be sufficient to meet future obligations of policies in force. The amount
of liabilities and accruals, however, could be revised in the near term if the
estimates discussed above are revised.
J. PREMIUM AND FEE REVENUE AND RELATED EXPENSES
Premiums for individual life and health insurance and individual and group
annuity products, excluding universal life and investment-related products, are
considered revenue when due. Property and casualty and group life, accident and
health insurance premiums are recognized as revenue over the related contract
periods. Benefits, losses and related expenses are matched with premiums,
resulting in their recognition over the lives of the contracts. This matching is
accomplished through the provision for future benefits, estimated and unpaid
losses and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs. Revenues for
investment-related products consist of net investment income and contract
charges assessed against the fund values. Related benefit expenses primarily
consist of net investment income credited to the fund values after deduction for
investment and risk charges. Revenues for universal life products consist of net
investment income, and mortality, administration and surrender charges assessed
against the fund values. Related benefit expenses include universal life benefit
claims in excess of fund values and net investment income credited to universal
life fund values. Certain policy charges that represent compensation for
services to be provided in future periods are deferred and amortized over the
period benefited using the same assumptions used to amortize capitalized
acquisition costs.
K. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
AFC and its domestic subsidiaries file a consolidated United States federal
income tax return. Entities included within the consolidated group are
segregated into either a life insurance or non-life insurance company subgroup.
The consolidation of these subgroups is subject to certain statutory
restrictions on the percentage of eligible non-life tax losses that can be
applied to offset life company taxable income. Prior to the merger on July 16,
1997, Allmerica P&C and its subsidiaries filed a separate United States federal
income tax return.
The Board of Directors has delegated to AFC management, the development and
maintenance of appropriate federal income tax allocation policies and
procedures, which are subject to written agreement between the companies. The
Federal income tax for all subsidiaries in the consolidated return of AFC is
calculated on a separate return basis. Any current tax liability is paid to AFC.
Tax benefits resulting from taxable operating losses or credits of AFC's
subsidiaries are not reimbursed to the subsidiary until such losses or credits
can be utilized by the subsidiary on a separate return basis.
Deferred income taxes are generally recognized when assets and liabilities have
different values for financial statement and tax reporting purposes, and for
other temporary taxable and deductible differences as defined by Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes ("Statement
No. 109"). These differences result primarily from loss and LAE reserves, policy
reserves, policy acquisition expenses, and unrealized appreciation or
depreciation on investments.
F-10
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
L. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("Statement No. 133"), which establishes
accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments. Statement No. 133
requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or
liabilities at fair value in the statement of financial position, and
establishes special accounting for the following three types of hedges: fair
value hedges, cash flow hedges, and hedges of foreign currency exposures of net
investments in foreign operations. This statement is effective for fiscal years
beginning after June 15, 1999. The Company is currently assessing the impact of
the adoption of Statement No. 133.
In March 1998, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ("AICPA")
issued Statement of Position 98-1, "Accounting for the Cost of Computer Software
Developed or Obtained for Internal Use" ("SoP 98-1"). SoP 98-1 requires that
certain costs incurred in developing internal-use computer software be
capitalized and provides guidance for determining whether computer software is
to be considered for internal use. This statement is effective for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 1998. In the second quarter, the Company adopted
SoP 98-1 effective January 1, 1998, resulting in an increase in pre-tax income
of $12.4 million through December 31, 1998. The adoption of SOP 98-1 did not
have a material effect on the results of operations or financial position for
the three months ended March 31, 1998.
In December 1997, the AICPA issued Statement of Position 97-3, "Accounting by
Insurance and Other Enterprises for Insurance-Related Assessments" ("SoP 97-3").
SoP 97-3 provides guidance on when a liability should be recognized for guaranty
fund and other assessments and how to measure the liability. This statement
allows for the discounting of the liability if the amount and timing of the cash
payments are fixed and determinable. In addition, it provides criteria for when
an asset may be recognized for a portion or all of the assessment liability or
paid assessment that can be recovered through premium tax offsets or policy
surcharges. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 1998. The Company believes that the adoption of this statement will
not have a material effect on the results of operations or financial position.
In June 1997, the FASB issued Statement No. 131, "Disclosures About Segments of
an Enterprise and Related Information" ("Statement No. 131"). This statement
establishes standards for the way that public enterprises report information
about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires that
selected information about those operating segments be reported in interim
financial statements. This statement supersedes Statement No. 14, "Financial
Reporting for Segments of a Business Enterprise". Statement No. 131 requires
that all public enterprises report financial and descriptive information about
their reportable operating segments. Operating segments are defined as
components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is
available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in
deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. This statement
is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997. The Company
adopted Statement No. 131 for the first quarter of 1998, which resulted in
certain segment re-definitions, which have no impact on the consolidation
results of operations. (Note 12)
In June 1997, the FASB also issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income" ("Statement No. 130"). Statement No.
130 which establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive
income and its components in a full set of general-purpose financial statements.
All items that are required to be recognized under accounting standards as
components of comprehensive income are to be reported in a financial statement
that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. This
statement stipulates that comprehensive income reflect the change in equity of
an enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and
circumstances from non-owner sources. This statement is effective for fiscal
years beginning after December 15, 1997. The Company adopted
F-11
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Statement No. 130 for the first quarter of 1998, which resulted primarily in
reporting unrealized gains and losses on investments in debt and equity
securities in comprehensive income.
M. RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year
presentation.
2. SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTIONS
On December 3, 1998 Citizens Acquisition Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary
of the Allmerica P&C, completed a cash tender offer to acquire the outstanding
shares of Citizens Corporation common stock that AFC or its subsidiaries did not
already own at a price of $33.25 per share. Approximately 99.8% of publicly held
shares of Citizens Corporation common stock were tendered. On December 14, 1998,
the Company completed a short-form merger, acquiring all shares of common stock
of Citizens Corporation not purchased in its tender offer, through the merger of
its wholly owned subsidiary, Citizens Acquisition Corporation with Citizens
Corporation at a price of $33.25 per share. Total consideration for the
transactions amounted to $195.9 million. The acquisition has been recognized as
a purchase. The minority interest acquired totaled $158.5 million. A total of
$40.8 million representing the excess of the purchase price over the fair values
of the net assets acquired, net of deferred taxes, has been allocated to
goodwill and is being amortized over a 40-year period.
The Company's consolidated results of operations include minority interest in
Citizens prior to December 3, 1998. The unaudited pro forma information below
presents consolidated results of operation as if the acquisition had occurred at
the beginning of 1997.
The following unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of
the consolidated results of operations of the combined Company had the
acquisition occurred at the beginning of 1997, nor is it necessarily indicative
of future results.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(UNAUDITED)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Revenue................................................................................... $ 3,405.1 $ 3,366.3
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Net realized capital gains included in revenue............................................ $ 59.8 $ 71.8
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Income before taxes and minority interest................................................. 272.9 358.0
Income taxes.............................................................................. (47.2) (91.3)
Minority Interest:
Equity in earnings.................................................................... (42.6) (64.1)
---------- ----------
Net income................................................................................ $ 183.1 $ 202.6
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
</TABLE>
On October 29, 1998, the Company announced that had adopted a formal
restructuring plan for its Risk Management business. As part of this initiative,
the Company, in its Corporate Risk Management Services segment, has exited its
accident and health assumed reinsurance pool business, as well as its
administrative services only business. Additionally, it has commenced the
closing of nearly half of its nationwide Corporate Risk Management Services'
sales offices, eliminated certain staff and discontinued certain automation
initiatives. In addition to the aforementioned initiatives in the Corporate Risk
Management Services segment, the Property and Casualty segment is consolidating
its field support activities from fourteen regional branches into three hub
locations. As a result of the Company's restructuring initiative, it recognized
a pretax loss of $13.0 million, in the fourth quarter of 1998. Approximately
$5.5 million of this loss relates to severance and other employee related costs
resulting from the elimination of 339 positions, of which 129 employees had
F-12
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
been terminated as of December 31, 1998. In addition, contract terminations and
lease cancellations resulted in losses of approximately $4.1 million and $3.4
million, respectively. During 1998, the Company made payments of approximately
$1.6 million related to this restructuring initiative.
Effective July 1, 1998, the Company entered into a reinsurance agreement with a
highly rated reinsurer that cedes current and future underwriting losses,
including unfavorable development of prior year reserves, up to a $40.0 million
maximum, of which $19.7 million relating to the Company's accident and health
assumed reinsurance pool business has been utilized as of December 31, 1998.
These pools consist primarily of the Corporate Risk Management Services
segment's assumed stop loss business, small group managed care pools, long-term
disability and long-term care pools, student accident and special risk business.
The agreement is consistent with management's decision to exit this line of
business, which the Company expects to run-off over the next three years. As a
result of this transaction, the Company recognized a $25.3 million pre-tax loss
in the third quarter of 1998.
Effective January 1, 1998, the Company entered into an agreement with a highly
rated reinsurer to reinsure the mortality risk on the universal life and
variable universal life blocks of business. The agreement did not have a
material effect on its results of operations or financial position.
In 1998 and 1997, Allmerica P&C redeemed 3,289.5 and 5,735.3 shares,
respectively, of its issued and outstanding common stock owned by AFC for $125.0
million and $195.0 million, respectively, thereby increasing FAFLIC's ownership
of Allmerica P&C by 4.3% and 6.3%, respectively. The 1998 transaction consisted
of $124.0 million of securities and $1.0 million of cash. The 1997 transaction
consisted of $55.0 million of securities and $140.0 million of cash.
The merger of Allmerica P&C and a wholly owned subsidiary of AFC was consummated
on July 16, 1997. Through the merger, AFC acquired all of the outstanding common
stock of Allmerica P&C that FAFLIC did not already own in exchange for cash of
$425.6 million and approximately 9.7 million shares of AFC stock valued at
$372.5 million. At consummation of this transaction AFC owned 59.5% through
FAFLIC and 40.5% directly.
The merger has been accounted for as a purchase. Total consideration of
approximately $798.1 million has been allocated to the minority interest in the
assets and liabilities based on estimates of their fair values. The minority
interest acquired totaled $703.5 million. A total of $90.6 million representing
the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net assets
acquired, net of deferred taxes, has been allocated to goodwill and is being
amortized over a 40-year period.
On February 3, 1997, AFC Capital Trust (the "Trust"), a subsidiary business
trust of AFC, issued $300 million Series A Capital Securities, which pay
cumulative dividends at a rate of 8.207% semiannually commencing August 15,
1997. The Trust exists for the sole purpose of issuing the Capital Securities
and investing the proceeds thereof in an equivalent amount of 8.207% Junior
Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures due 2027 of AFC (the "Subordinated
Debentures"). Through certain guarantees, the Subordinated Debentures and the
terms of related agreements, AFC has irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed
the obligations of the Trust under the Capital Securities. Net proceeds from the
offering of approximately $296.3 million funded a portion of the acquisition of
the 24.2 million publicly-held shares of Allmerica P&C pursuant to the merger on
July 16, 1997.
The Company's consolidated results of operations include minority interest in
Allmerica P&C prior to July 16, 1997. The unaudited pro forma information below
presents consolidated results of operations as if the merger and issuance of
Capital Securities had occurred at the beginning of 1996 and reflects
adjustments which include interest expense related to the assumed financing of a
portion of the cash consideration paid and amortization of goodwill.
F-13
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of
the consolidated results of operations of the combined Company had the merger
and issuance of Capital Securities occurred at the beginning of 1996, nor is it
necessarily indicative of future results.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(UNAUDITED)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Revenue................................................................................... $ 3,362.7 $ 3,246.4
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Net realized capital gains included in revenue............................................ $ 63.0 $ 46.7
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Income before taxes and minority interest................................................. 353.0 311.6
Income taxes.............................................................................. (89.6) (68.7)
Minority Interest:
Equity in earnings.................................................................... (75.5) (67.3)
---------- ----------
Net income................................................................................ $ 187.9 $ 175.6
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
</TABLE>
On April 14, 1997, the Company entered into an agreement in principle to cede
substantially all of the Company's individual disability income line of business
under a 100% coinsurance agreement with a highly rated reinsurer. The
coinsurance agreement became effective October 1, 1997. The transaction has
resulted in the recognition of a $53.9 million pre-tax loss in the first quarter
of 1997.
3. INVESTMENTS
A. SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS
The Company accounts for its investments, all of which are classified as
available-for-sale, in accordance with Statement No. 115.
The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturities and
equity securities were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998
--------------------------------------------
GROSS GROSS
DECEMBER 31, AMORTIZED UNREALIZED UNREALIZED FAIR
(IN MILLIONS) COST (1) GAINS LOSSES VALUE
- ---------------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S.
government and agency securities....... $ 192.8 $ 12.0 $ 24.5 $ 180.3
States and political subdivisions....... 2,408.9 83.0 5.2 2,486.7
Foreign governments..................... 107.9 7.7 4.5 111.1
Corporate fixed maturities.............. 4,293.3 167.8 81.9 4,379.2
Mortgage-backed securities.............. 517.9 11.5 2.8 526.6
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
Total fixed maturities.................. $7,520.8 $ 282.0 $ 118.9 $7,683.9
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
Equity securities....................... $ 253.1 $ 151.1 $ 7.1 $ 397.1
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
</TABLE>
F-14
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997
--------------------------------------------
GROSS GROSS
DECEMBER 31, AMORTIZED UNREALIZED UNREALIZED FAIR
(IN MILLIONS) COST (1) GAINS LOSSES VALUE
- ---------------------------------------- -------- ---------- ---------- --------
U.S. Treasury securities and U.S.
government and agency securities....... $ 265.3 $ 9.5 $ 0.9 $ 273.9
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
States and political subdivisions....... 2,200.6 78.3 3.1 2,275.8
Foreign governments..................... 110.8 8.5 2.2 117.1
Corporate fixed maturities.............. 4,041.6 175.1 12.2 4,204.5
Mortgage-backed securities.............. 374.5 9.7 2.0 382.2
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
Total fixed maturities.................. $6,992.8 $ 281.1 $ 20.4 $7,253.5
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
Equity securities....................... $ 341.1 $ 141.9 $ 4.0 $ 479.0
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
-------- ---------- ---------- --------
</TABLE>
(1) Amortized cost for fixed maturities and cost for equity securities.
In connection with AFLIAC's voluntary withdrawal of its license in New York,
AFLIAC agreed with the New York Department of Insurance to maintain, through a
custodial account in New York, a security deposit, the market value of which
will at all times equal 102% of all outstanding general account liabilities of
AFLIAC for New York policyholders, claimants and creditors. At December 31,
1998, the amortized cost and market value of assets on deposit in New York were
$268.5 million and $284.1 million, respectively. At December 31, 1997, the
amortized cost and market value of assets on deposit were $276.8 million and
$291.7 million, respectively.
In addition, fixed maturities, excluding those securities on deposit in New
York, with an amortized cost of $105.4 million and $105.1 million were on
deposit with various state and governmental authorities at December 31, 1998 and
1997, respectively.
There were no contractual fixed maturity investment commitments at December 31,
1998 and 1997, respectively.
The amortized cost and fair value by maturity periods for fixed maturities are
shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because
borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call
or prepayment penalties, or the Company may have the right to put or sell the
obligations back to the issuers. Mortgage backed securities are included in the
category representing their ultimate maturity.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998
--------------------
DECEMBER 31, AMORTIZED FAIR
(IN MILLIONS) COST VALUE
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Due in one year or less..................................... $ 384.7 $ 391.5
Due after one year through five years....................... 2,309.4 2,341.2
Due after five years through ten years...................... 2,173.3 2,199.6
Due after ten years......................................... 2,653.4 2,751.6
--------- --------
Total....................................................... $ 7,520.8 $7,683.9
--------- --------
--------- --------
</TABLE>
F-15
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The proceeds from voluntary sales of available-for-sale securities and the gross
realized gains and gross realized losses on those sales were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, PROCEEDS FROM GROSS GROSS
(IN MILLIONS) VOLUNTARY SALES GAINS LOSSES
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------------- ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1998
Fixed maturities............................................ $ 993.3 $ 18.2 $ 11.9
Equity securities........................................... $ 276.4 $ 76.3 $ 9.6
1997
Fixed maturities............................................ $1,894.8 $ 27.6 $ 16.2
Equity securities........................................... $ 145.5 $ 55.8 $ 1.3
1996
Fixed maturities............................................ $2,432.8 $ 19.3 $ 30.5
Equity securities........................................... $ 228.1 $ 56.1 $ 1.3
</TABLE>
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale and other securities, are
summarized as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, FIXED SECURITIES
(IN MILLIONS) MATURITIES AND OTHER (1) TOTAL
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ------------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1998
Net appreciation, beginning of year......................... $122.6 $ 86.7 $209.3
---------- ------ ------
Net (depreciation) appreciation on available-for-sale
securities................................................. (99.3) 4.4 (94.9)
Appreciation due to Allmerica P&C purchase of minority in
interest of Citizens....................................... 10.7 10.7 21.4
Net appreciation from the effect on deferred policy
acquisition costs and on policy liabilities................ 6.3 -- 6.3
Provision for deferred federal income taxes and minority
interest................................................... 38.7 (11.6) 27.1
---------- ------ ------
(43.6) 3.5 (40.1)
---------- ------ ------
Net appreciation, end of year............................... $ 79.0 $ 90.2 $169.2
---------- ------ ------
---------- ------ ------
1997
Net appreciation, beginning of year......................... $ 71.3 $ 60.1 $131.4
---------- ------ ------
Net appreciation (depreciation) on available-for-sale
securities................................................. 83.2 (5.9) 77.3
Appreciation due to AFC purchase of minority interest of
Allmerica P&C.............................................. 50.7 59.6 110.3
Net depreciation from the effect on deferred policy
acquisition costs and on policy liabilities................ (16.7) -- (16.7)
Provision for deferred federal income taxes and minority
interest................................................... (65.9) (27.1) (93.0)
---------- ------ ------
51.3 26.6 77.9
---------- ------ ------
Net appreciation, end of year............................... $122.6 $ 86.7 $209.3
---------- ------ ------
---------- ------ ------
</TABLE>
F-16
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, FIXED SECURITIES
(IN MILLIONS) MATURITIES AND OTHER (1) TOTAL
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ------------- ------
1996
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net appreciation, beginning of year......................... $108.7 $ 44.3 $153.0
---------- ------ ------
Net (depreciation) appreciation on available-for-sale
securities................................................. (94.1) 35.9 (58.2)
Net appreciation from the effect on deferred policy
acquisition costs and on policy liabilities................ 23.1 -- 23.1
Provision for deferred federal income taxes and minority
interest................................................... 33.6 (20.1) 13.5
---------- ------ ------
(37.4) 15.8 (21.6)
---------- ------ ------
Net appreciation, end of year............................... $ 71.3 $ 60.1 $131.4
---------- ------ ------
---------- ------ ------
</TABLE>
(1) Includes net appreciation on other investments of $0.8 million, $1.8
million, and $0.6 million in 1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively.
B. MORTGAGE LOANS AND REAL ESTATE
FAFLIC's mortgage loans and real estate are diversified by property type and
location. Real estate investments have been obtained primarily through
foreclosure. Mortgage loans are collateralized by the related properties and
generally are no more than 75% of the property's value at the time the original
loan is made.
The carrying values of mortgage loans and real estate investments net of
applicable reserves were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Mortgage loans.............................................. $562.3 $567.5
Real estate held for sale................................... 20.4 50.3
------ ------
Total mortgage loans and real estate........................ $582.7 $617.8
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
Reserves for mortgage loans were $11.5 million and $20.7 million at December 31,
1998 and 1997, respectively.
During 1997, the Company committed to a plan to dispose of all real estate
assets by the end of 1998. At December 31, 1998, there were 7 properties
remaining in the Company's portfolio, which are being actively marketed. As a
result of the plan, during 1997 real estate assets with a carrying amount of
$54.7 million were written down to the estimated fair value less cost of
disposal of $50.3 million, and a net realized investment loss of $4.4 million
was recognized. Depreciation is not recorded on these assets while they are held
for disposal. There were no non-cash investing activities, including real estate
acquired through foreclosure of mortgage loans, in 1998 and 1997. During 1996,
non-cash investing activities included real estate acquired through foreclosure
of mortgage loans, which had a fair value of $0.9 million.
There were no contractual commitments to extend credit under commercial mortgage
loan agreements at December 31, 1998. These commitments generally expire within
one year.
F-17
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Mortgage loans and real estate investments comprised the following property
types and geographic regions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- ------
<S> <C> <C>
Property type:
Office building........................................... $304.4 $265.1
Residential............................................... 52.8 66.6
Retail.................................................... 108.5 132.8
Industrial/warehouse...................................... 110.0 107.2
Other..................................................... 18.5 66.8
Valuation allowances...................................... (11.5) (20.7)
-------- ------
Total....................................................... $582.7 $617.8
-------- ------
-------- ------
Geographic region:
South Atlantic............................................ $136.1 $173.4
Pacific................................................... 155.1 152.8
East North Central........................................ 80.5 102.0
Middle Atlantic........................................... 61.2 73.8
West South Central........................................ 54.7 34.9
New England............................................... 60.7 46.9
Other..................................................... 45.9 54.7
Valuation allowances...................................... (11.5) (20.7)
-------- ------
Total....................................................... $582.7 $617.8
-------- ------
-------- ------
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1998, scheduled mortgage loan maturities were as follows: 1999
- -- $84.7 million; 2000 -- $131.6 million; 2001 -- $33.9 million; 2002 -- $28.4
million; 2003 -- $42.5 million; and $241.2 million thereafter. Actual maturities
could differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to
prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties and loans may be
refinanced. During 1998, the Company did not refinance any mortgage loans based
on terms which differed from those granted to new borrowers.
C. INVESTMENT VALUATION ALLOWANCES
Investment valuation allowances which have been deducted in arriving at
investment carrying values as presented in the consolidated balance sheets and
changes thereto are shown below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, BALANCE AT BALANCE AT
(IN MILLIONS) JANUARY 1 PROVISIONS WRITE-OFFS DECEMBER 31
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1998
Mortgage loans.............................................. $20.7 $(6.8) $ 2.4 $11.5
----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- -----
1997
Mortgage loans.............................................. $19.6 $ 2.5 $ 1.4 $20.7
Real estate................................................. 14.9 6.0 20.9 --
----- ----- ----- -----
Total................................................... $34.5 $ 8.5 $22.3 $20.7
----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- -----
1996
Mortgage loans.............................................. $33.8 $ 5.5 $19.7 $19.6
Real estate................................................. 19.6 -- 4.7 14.9
----- ----- ----- -----
Total................................................... $53.4 $ 5.5 $24.4 $34.5
----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
F-18
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Provisions on mortgages during 1998 reflect the release of redundant reserves.
Write-offs of $20.9 million to the investment valuation allowance related to
real estate in 1997 primarily reflect write downs to the estimated fair value
less costs to sell pursuant to the aforementioned 1997 plan of disposal.
The carrying value of impaired loans was $22.0 million and $30.5 million, with
related reserves of $6.0 million and $13.8 million as of December 31, 1998 and
1997, respectively. All impaired loans were reserved as of December 31, 1998 and
1997.
The average carrying value of impaired loans was $26.1 million, $30.8 million
and $50.4 million, with related interest income while such loans were impaired
of $3.2 million, $3.2 million and $5.8 million as of December 31, 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively.
D. FUTURES CONTRACTS
The Company purchases long futures contracts and sells short futures contracts
on margin to hedge against interest rate fluctuations associated with the sale
of Guaranteed Investment Contracts ("GICs"). The Company is exposed to interest
rate risk from the time of sale of the GIC until the receipt of the deposit and
purchase of the underlying asset to back the liability. Futures contract
activity increased significantly in 1998 due to the increase in sale of GICs.
The Company's exposure to credit risk under futures contracts is limited to the
margin deposited with the broker. The Company only trades futures contracts with
nationally recognized brokers, which the Company believes have adequate capital
to ensure that there is minimal danger of default. The Company does not require
collateral or other securities to support financial instruments with credit
risk.
The notional amount of futures contracts outstanding at December 31, 1998 was
$92.7 million. There were no futures contracts outstanding at December 31, 1997.
The notional amounts of the contracts represent the extent of the Company's
investment but not the future cash requirements, as the Company generally
settles open positions prior to maturity. The maturity of all futures contracts
outstanding is less than one year. The fair value of futures contracts
outstanding was $92.5 million at December 31, 1998.
Gains and losses on hedge contracts related to interest rate fluctuations are
deferred and recognized in income over the period being hedged corresponding to
related guaranteed investment contracts. If instruments being hedged by futures
contracts are disposed, any unamortized gains or losses on such contracts are
included in the determination of the gain or loss from the disposition. Deferred
hedging gains (losses) were $(1.8) million in 1998. There were no deferred
hedging gains or losses in 1997. Gains and losses on hedge contracts that are
deemed ineffective by the Company are realized immediately. There were $0.1
million of gains realized on ineffective hedges in 1998. There was no gain or
loss in 1997 or 1996.
A reconciliation of the notional amount of futures contracts is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts outstanding, beginning of year......................................... $ -- $ (33.0) $ 74.7
New contracts.................................................................... 1,117.5 (0.2) (1.1)
Contracts terminated............................................................. (1,024.8) 33.2 (106.6)
----------- --------- ---------
Contracts outstanding, end of year............................................... $ 92.7 $ -- $ (33.0)
----------- --------- ---------
----------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
E. FOREIGN CURRENCY SWAP CONTRACTS
The Company enters into foreign currency swap contracts with swap counterparties
to hedge foreign currency exposure on specific fixed income securities. Interest
and principal related to foreign fixed income securities payable in foreign
currencies, at current exchange rates, are exchanged for the equivalent payment
in U.S dollars translated at a specific currency exchange rate. The primary risk
associated with these transactions is
F-19
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
the inability of the counterparty to meet its obligation. The Company regularly
assesses the financial strength of its counterparties and generally enters into
forward or swap agreements with counterparties rated "A" or better by nationally
recognized rating agencies. The Company's maximum exposure to counterparty
credit risk is the difference between the foreign currency exchange rate, as
agreed upon in the swap contract, and the foreign currency spot rate on the date
of the exchange, as indicated by the fair value of the contract. The fair values
of the foreign currency swap contracts outstanding were $1.2 million and $1.3
million at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Changes in the fair value
of contracts are reported as an unrealized gain or loss, consistent with the
underlying hedged security. The Company does not require collateral or other
security to support financial instruments with credit risk.
The difference between amounts paid and received on foreign currency swap
contracts is reflected in the net investment income related to the underlying
assets and is not material in 1998, 1997 and 1996. Any gain or loss on the
termination of swap contracts is deferred and recognized with any gain or loss
on the hedged transaction. The Company had no deferred gain or loss on foreign
currency swap contracts in 1998 or 1997.
A reconciliation of the notional amount of foreign currency swap contracts is as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts outstanding, beginning of year.............................................. $ 42.6 $ 47.6 $ 69.4
New contracts......................................................................... -- 5.0 --
Contracts expired..................................................................... -- (10.0) (21.8)
--------- --------- ---------
Contracts outstanding, end of year.................................................... $ 42.6 $ 42.6 $ 47.6
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
Expected maturities of foreign currency swap contracts outstanding at December
31, 1998 are $24.0 million in 1999, $8.3 million in 2000 and $10.3 million
thereafter. There are no expected maturities of such foreign currency swap
contracts in 2001, 2002 and 2003.
F. INTEREST RATE SWAP CONTRACTS
The Company enters into interest rate swap contracts to hedge exposure to
interest rate fluctuations. Specifically, for floating rate GIC liabilities that
are matched with fixed rate securities, the Company manages the interest rate
risk by hedging with interest rate swap contracts. Under these swap contracts,
the Company agrees to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between
fixed and floating interest amounts calculated on an agreed-upon notional
principal amount. The use of interest rate swap contracts increased during 1998
due to the increase in floating rate GIC liabilities. As with foreign currency
swap contracts, the primary risk associated with these transactions is the
inability of the counterparty to meet its obligation. The Company regularly
assesses the financial strength of its counterparties and generally enters into
forward or swap agreements with counterparties rated "A" or better by nationally
recognized rating agencies. Because the underlying principal of swap contracts
is not exchanged, the Company's maximum exposure to counterparty credit risk is
the difference in payments exchanged, which at December 31, 1998 was a net
payable of $3.9 million. The Company does not require collateral or other
security to support financial instruments with credit risk.
The net amount receivable or payable is recognized over the life of the swap
contract as an adjustment to net investment income. The (decrease) or increase
in net investment income related to interest rate swap contracts was $(2.8)
million, $(0.4) million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 1998,
1997, and 1996, respectively. The fair value of interest rate swap contracts
outstanding were $(28.3) million and $(2.3) million at December 31, 1998 and
1997, respectively. Changes in the fair value of contracts are reported as an
unrealized gain or loss, consistent with the underlying hedged security. Any
gain or loss on the termination of interest rate swap contracts accounted for as
hedges are deferred and recognized with the gain or loss on the
F-20
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
hedged transaction. The Company had no deferred gain or loss on interest rate
swap contracts in 1998 or 1997. A reconciliation of the notional amount of
interest rate swap contracts is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts outstanding, beginning of year.......................................... $ 244.1 $ 5.0 $ 17.5
New contracts..................................................................... 873.5 244.7 5.0
Contracts expired................................................................. (5.0) (5.6) (17.5)
---------- --------- ---------
Contracts outstanding, end of year................................................ $ 1,112.6 $ 244.1 $ 5.0
---------- --------- ---------
---------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
Expected maturities of interest rate swap contracts outstanding at December 31,
1998 is $44.0 million in 2000, $234.5 million in 2002, $810.5 million in 2003
and $23.6 million thereafter. There are no expected maturities of interest rate
contracts in 1999 or 2001.
G. OTHER SWAP CONTRACTS
The Company enters into security return-linked and insurance portfolio-linked
swap contracts for investment purposes. Under the security return-linked
contracts, the Company agrees to exchange cash flows according to the
performance of a specified security or portfolio of securities. Under the
insurance portfolio-linked swap contracts, the Company agrees to exchange cash
flows according to the performance of a specified underwriter's portfolio of
insurance business. As with interest rate swap contracts, the primary risk
associated with these transactions is the inability of the counterparty to meet
its obligation. The Company regularly assesses the financial strength of its
counterparties and generally enters into forward or swap agreements with
counterparties rated "A" or better by nationally recognized rating agencies.
Because the underlying principal of swap contracts is not exchanged, the
Company's maximum exposure to counterparty credit risk is the difference in
payments exchanged, which at December 31, 1998, was not material to the Company.
The Company does not require collateral or other security to support financial
instruments with credit risk.
In 1998, the Company also entered into credit default swap agreements. Under the
terms of these agreements, the Company assumes the default risk of a specific
high credit quality issuer in exchange for a stated annual premium. In the case
of default, the Company will pay the counterparty par value for a pre-determined
security of the issuer. The primary risk associated with these transactions is
the default risk of the underlying companies. The Company regularly assesses the
financial strength of the underlying companies and generally enters into default
swap agreements for companies rated "A" or better by nationally recognized
rating agencies.
The swap contracts are marked to market with any gain or loss recognized
currently. The fair values of swap contracts outstanding were $(0.1) million at
December 31, 1998 and 1997. The net amount receivable or payable under
security-returned-linked and insurance portfolio-linked swap contracts is
recognized when the contracts are marked to market. The net increase (decrease)
in realized investment gains related to these contracts was $1.1 million in 1998
and $(1.6) million in 1997. There were no realized investment gains or losses on
other swap contracts recognized in 1996.
The stated annual premium under credit default swap contracts is recognized
currently in net investment income. The net increase to investment income
related to credit default swap contracts was $0.2 million in 1998. There was no
investment income recognized in 1997 and 1996.
F-21
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
A reconciliation of the notional amount of other swap contracts is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts outstanding, beginning of year............................................ $ 15.0 $ 58.6 $ --
New contracts....................................................................... 266.3 192.1 58.6
Contracts expired................................................................... (26.3) (211.6) --
Contracts terminated................................................................ -- (24.1) --
--------- --------- ---------
Contracts outstanding, end of year.................................................. $ 255.0 $ 15.0 $ 58.6
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
Expected maturities of other swap contracts outstanding at December 31, 1998 are
as follows: $115.0 million in 1999, $115.0 million in 2000 and $25.0 million in
2001. There are no expected maturities of such other swap contracts in 2002 or
2003.
H. OTHER
At December 31, 1998, FAFLIC had no concentration of investments in a single
investee exceeding 10% of shareholders' equity. At December 31, 1997, FAFLIC had
no concentration of investments in a single investee exceeding 10% of
shareholder's equity, except for investments with the U.S. Treasury with a
carrying value of $262.4 million.
4. INVESTMENT INCOME AND GAINS AND LOSSES
A. NET INVESTMENT INCOME
The components of net investment income were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Fixed maturities............................................ $530.8 $541.9 $553.8
Mortgage loans.............................................. 58.3 57.5 69.5
Equity securities........................................... 7.4 10.6 11.1
Policy loans................................................ 11.9 10.9 10.3
Real estate................................................. 7.2 20.1 40.8
Other long-term investments................................. (0.5) 12.4 19.9
Short-term investments...................................... 14.3 12.8 10.6
------ ------ ------
Gross investment income..................................... 629.4 666.2 716.0
Less investment expenses.................................... (15.7) (24.4) (45.2)
------ ------ ------
Net investment income....................................... $613.7 $641.8 $670.8
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1998, there was one mortgage loan on non-accrual status which
had an outstanding principal balance of $4.3 million. This loan was restructured
and fully impaired. There were no fixed maturities which were on non-accrual
status at December 31, 1998. The effect of non-accruals, compared with amounts
that would have been recognized in accordance with the original terms of the
investments, had no impact in 1998 and 1997, and reduced net income by $0.5
million in 1996.
The payment terms of mortgage loans may from time to time be restructured or
modified. The investment in restructured mortgage loans, based on amortized
cost, amounted to $28.7 million, $40.3 million and $51.3 million at December 31,
1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. Interest income on restructured mortgage
loans that would have been recorded in accordance with the original terms of
such loans amounted to $3.3 million, $3.9 million and $7.7 million in 1998, 1997
and 1996, respectively. Actual interest income on
F-22
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
these loans included in net investment income aggregated $3.3 million, $4.2
million and $4.5 million in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
There were no fixed maturities which were non-income producing for the year
ended December 31, 1998. There was one mortgage loan which was non-income
producing for the year ended December 31, 1998, which had an outstanding
principal balance of $4.3 million and was fully impaired.
Included in other long-term investments is a loss from limited partnerships of
$7.5 million in 1998, and income of $7.8 million and $13.7 million in 1997 and
1996, respectively.
B. REALIZED INVESTMENT GAINS AND LOSSES
Realized gains (losses) on investments were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Fixed maturities............................................ $ (11.8) $ 14.7 $ (9.7)
Mortgage loans.............................................. 8.8 (1.2) (2.4)
Equity securities........................................... 66.6 53.6 54.8
Real estate................................................. 13.7 12.8 21.1
Other....................................................... (14.7) (3.4) 3.0
--------- --------- ---------
Net realized investment gains............................... $ 62.6 $ 76.5 $ 66.8
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
C. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME RECONCILIATION
The following table provides a reconciliation of gross unrealized gains to the
net balance shown in the Statement of Comprehensive Income:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Unrealized gains on securities:
Unrealized holding gains arising during period, (net of
taxes and minority interest of $(20.8) million, $123.7
million and $10.7 million in 1998, 1997 and 1996,
respectively).............................................. $ (6.8) $ 115.5 $ (0.7)
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains included in net
income (net of taxes and minority interest of $21.5
million, $30.7 million and $24.2 million in 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively)........................................ 33.3 37.6 20.9
--------- --------- ---------
Other comprehensive income.................................. $ (40.1) $ 77.9 $ (21.6)
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
5. FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Statement No. 107, "Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments",
requires disclosure of fair value information about certain financial
instruments (insurance contracts, real estate, goodwill and taxes are excluded)
for which it is practicable to estimate such values, whether or not these
instruments are included in the balance sheet. The fair values presented for
certain financial instruments are estimates which, in many cases, may differ
significantly from the amounts which could be realized upon immediate
liquidation. In cases where market prices are not available, estimates of fair
value are based on discounted cash flow analyses, which utilize current interest
rates for similar financial instruments which have comparable terms and credit
quality. Included in the fair value of fixed maturities are swap contracts used
to hedge fixed maturities with a fair value of $(27.1) million at December 31,
1998. Fair values of interest rate futures were not material at December 31,
1997.
F-23
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of
each class of financial instruments:
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
For these short-term investments, the carrying amount approximates fair value.
FIXED MATURITIES
Fair values are based on quoted market prices, if available. If a quoted market
price is not available, fair values are estimated using independent pricing
sources or internally developed pricing models using discounted cash flow
analyses.
EQUITY SECURITIES
Fair values are based on quoted market prices, if available. If a quoted market
price is not available, fair values are estimated using independent pricing
sources or internally developed pricing models.
MORTGAGE LOANS
Fair values are estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows using
the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar
credit ratings. The fair value of below investment grade mortgage loans are
limited to the lesser of the present value of the cash flows or book value.
POLICY LOANS
The carrying amount reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximates
fair value since policy loans have no defined maturity dates and are inseparable
from the insurance contracts.
INVESTMENT CONTRACTS (WITHOUT MORTALITY FEATURES)
Fair values for the Company's liabilities under guaranteed investment type
contracts are estimated using discounted cash flow calculations using current
interest rates for similar contracts with maturities consistent with those
remaining for the contracts being valued. Other liabilities are based on
surrender values.
DEBT
The carrying value of short-term debt reported in the balance sheet approximates
fair value. The fair value of long-term debt was estimated using market quotes,
when available, and, when not available, discounted cash flow analyses.
F-24
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The estimated fair values of the financial instruments were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997
------------------ ------------------
DECEMBER 31, CARRYING FAIR CARRYING FAIR
(IN MILLIONS) VALUE VALUE VALUE VALUE
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
FINANCIAL ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 504.0 $ 504.0 $ 213.9 $ 213.9
Fixed maturities.......................................... 7,683.9 7,683.9 7,253.5 7,253.5
Equity securities......................................... 397.1 397.1 479.0 479.0
Mortgage loans............................................ 562.3 587.1 567.5 597.0
Policy loans.............................................. 154.3 154.3 141.9 141.9
-------- -------- -------- --------
$9,301.6 $9,326.4 $8,655.8 $8,685.3
-------- -------- -------- --------
-------- -------- -------- --------
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
Guaranteed investment contracts........................... $1,791.8 $1,830.8 $ 985.2 $1,004.7
Supplemental contracts without life contingencies......... 37.3 37.3 22.4 22.4
Dividend accumulations.................................... 88.4 88.4 87.8 87.8
Other individual contract deposit funds................... 61.6 61.1 57.9 55.7
Other group contract deposit funds........................ 700.4 704.0 714.8 715.5
Individual annuity contracts.............................. 1,110.6 1,073.6 907.4 882.2
Short-term debt........................................... 221.3 221.3 33.0 33.0
Long-term debt............................................ -- -- 2.6 2.6
-------- -------- -------- --------
$4,011.4 $4,016.5 $2,811.1 $2,803.9
-------- -------- -------- --------
-------- -------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
6. CLOSED BLOCK
Included in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Income in 1998, 1997
and 1996 is a net pre-tax contribution from the Closed Block of $10.4 million,
$9.1 million and $8.6 million, respectively. Summarized financial information of
the Closed Block as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 and for the period ended
December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Assets
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost of $399.1
and $400.1, respectively)............................... $414.2 $412.9
Mortgage loans............................................ 136.0 112.0
Policy loans.............................................. 210.9 218.8
Cash and cash equivalents................................. 9.4 25.1
Accrued investment income................................. 14.1 14.1
Deferred policy acquisition costs......................... 15.6 18.2
Other assets.............................................. 2.9 5.6
------ ------
Total assets................................................ $803.1 $806.7
------ ------
------ ------
Liabilities
Policy liabilities and accruals........................... $862.9 $875.1
Other liabilities......................................... 9.1 10.4
------ ------
Total liabilities........................................... $872.0 $885.5
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
F-25
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues
Premiums................................................ $ 55.4 $ 58.3 $ 61.7
Net investment income................................... 53.3 53.4 52.6
Realized investment loss................................ 0.1 1.3 (0.7)
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues.............................................. 108.8 113.0 113.6
Benefits and expenses
Policy benefits......................................... 95.0 100.5 101.2
Policy acquisition expenses............................. 2.7 3.0 3.2
Other operating expenses................................ 0.7 0.4 0.6
-------- -------- --------
Total benefits and expenses................................. 98.4 103.9 105.0
-------- -------- --------
Contribution from the Closed Block.......................... $ 10.4 $ 9.1 $ 8.6
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
Cash flows
Cash flows from operating activities:
Contribution from the Closed Block...................... $ 10.4 $ 9.1 $ 8.6
Change in deferred policy acquisition costs, net........ 2.6 2.9 3.4
Change in premiums and other receivables................ 0.3 -- 0.2
Change in policy liabilities and accruals............... (13.5) (11.6) (13.9)
Change in accrued investment income..................... -- 0.2 2.3
Deferred Taxes.......................................... 0.1 (5.1) 1.0
Change in other assets.................................. 2.4 (2.9) (1.6)
Change in expenses and taxes payable.................... (2.9) (2.0) 1.7
Other, net.............................................. (0.1) (1.2) 1.4
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities....... (0.7) (10.6) 3.1
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales, maturities and repayments of investments......... 83.6 161.6 188.1
Purchases of investments................................ (106.5) (161.4) (196.9)
Other, net.............................................. 7.9 11.4 12.2
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities....... (15.0) 11.6 3.4
-------- -------- --------
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents................... (15.7) 1.0 6.5
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year................ 25.1 24.1 17.6
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year...................... $ 9.4 $ 25.1 $ 24.1
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
There are no valuation allowances on mortgage loans in the Closed Block at
December 31, 1998, 1997 or 1996, respectively.
Many expenses related to Closed Block operations are charged to operations
outside the Closed Block; accordingly, the contribution from the Closed Block
does not represent the actual profitability of the Closed Block operations.
Operating costs and expenses outside of the Closed Block are, therefore,
disproportionate to the business outside the Closed Block.
F-26
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
7. DEBT
Short and long-term debt consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ -----
<S> <C> <C>
Short-Term
Commercial paper........................................ $ 41.3 $32.6
Borrowings under bank credit facility................... 150.0 --
Repurchase agreements................................... 30.0 --
Other................................................... -- 0.4
------ -----
Total short-term debt....................................... $ 221.3 $33.0
------ -----
------ -----
Long-term debt.............................................. $ -- $ 2.6
------ -----
------ -----
</TABLE>
FAFLIC issues commercial paper primarily to manage imbalances between operating
cash flows and existing commitments. Commercial paper borrowing arrangements are
supported by a credit agreement. At December 31, 1998, the weighted average
interest rate for outstanding commercial paper was approximately 5.34%.
Effective December 4, 1998, the Company entered into a credit agreement that
expired on February 5, 1999. Borrowings under this agreement were unsecured and
incurred interest at a rate per annum equal to the eurodollar rate plus
applicable margin. Borrowings outstanding under this credit facility at December
31, 1998 were $150.0 million.
During 1998 and 1996, the Company utilized repurchase agreements to finance
certain investments. The 1996 repurchase agreements were settled by the end of
1996.
In October, 1995, AFC issued $200.0 million face amount of Senior Debentures for
proceeds of $197.2 million net of discounts and issuance costs. These securities
have an effective interest rate of 7.65%, and mature on October 16, 2025.
Interest is payable semiannually on October 15 and April 15 of each year. The
Senior Debentures are subject to certain restrictive covenants, including
limitations on issuance of or disposition of stock of restricted subsidiaries
and limitations on liens. AFC is in compliance with all covenants. The primary
source of cash for repayment of the debt by AFC is dividends from FAFLIC and
APY. Interest expense was $7.3 million, $3.6 million and $16.8 million in 1998,
1997 and 1996, respectively. Interest paid on the credit agreement was
approximately $0.7 million in 1998 and $2.8 million in 1997. Interest expense
during 1996 also included $11.0 million related to interest payments on
repurchase agreements. All interest expense is recorded in other operating
expenses.
8. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
Provisions for federal income taxes have been calculated in accordance with the
provisions of SFAS No. 109. A summary of the federal income tax expense
(benefit) in the consolidated statements of income is shown below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------- ----- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Federal income tax expense (benefit)
Current................................................. $ 67.6 $83.3 $ 96.8
Deferred................................................ (15.4) 14.2 (15.7)
------- ----- -------
Total....................................................... $ 52.2 $97.5 $ 81.1
------- ----- -------
------- ----- -------
</TABLE>
F-27
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The federal income taxes attributable to the consolidated results of operations
are different from the amounts determined by multiplying income before federal
income taxes by the expected federal income tax rate. The sources of the
difference and the tax effects of each were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Expected federal income tax expense......................... $100.9 $131.8 $122.3
Tax-exempt interest..................................... (38.9) (37.9) (35.3)
Differential earnings amount............................ -- -- (10.2)
Dividend received deduction............................. (5.1) (3.2) (1.6)
Changes in tax reserve estimates........................ 2.3 7.8 4.7
Tax credits............................................. (8.5) (2.7)
Other, net.............................................. 1.5 1.7 1.2
------ ------ ------
Federal income tax expense.................................. $ 52.2 $ 97.5 $ 81.1
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
Until conversion to a stock life insurance company, FAFLIC, as a mutual company,
reduced its deduction for policyholder dividends by the differential earnings
amount. This amount was computed, for each tax year, by multiplying the average
equity base of the FAFLIC/AFLIAC consolidated group, as determined for tax
purposes, by the estimate of an excess of an imputed earnings rate over the
average mutual life insurance companies' earnings rate. The differential
earnings amount for each tax year was subsequently recomputed when actual
earnings rates were published by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The
differential earnings amount included in 1996 related to an adjustment for the
1994 tax year based on the actual mutual life insurance companies' earnings rate
issued by the IRS in 1996. As a stock life company, FAFLIC is no longer required
to reduce its policyholder dividend deduction by the differential earnings
amount.
The deferred income tax (asset) liability represents the tax effects of
temporary differences attributable to the Company's consolidated federal tax
return group. Its components were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax (assets) liabilities
AMT carryforwards....................................... $ (16.8) $ (15.6)
Loss reserve discounting................................ (406.6) (391.6)
Deferred acquisition costs.............................. 345.8 291.8
Employee benefit plans.................................. (45.3) (48.0)
Investments, net........................................ 121.7 175.4
Bad debt reserve........................................ (1.8) (14.3)
Litigation reserve...................................... (10.9) --
Other, net.............................................. (5.5) 15.2
-------- --------
Deferred tax (asset) liability, net......................... $ (19.4) $ 12.9
-------- --------
-------- --------
</TABLE>
Gross deferred income tax assets totaled $486.9 million and $469.5 million at
December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Gross deferred income tax liabilities
totaled $467.5 million and $482.4 million at December 31, 1998 and 1997,
respectively.
The Company believes, based on the its recent earnings history and its future
expectations, that the Company's taxable income in future years will be
sufficient to realize all deferred tax assets. In determining the adequacy of
future income, the Company considered the future reversal of its existing
temporary differences and available tax planning strategies that could be
implemented, if necessary. At December 31, 1998, there are available alternative
minimum tax credit carryforwards of $16.8 million.
F-28
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The Company's federal income tax returns are routinely audited by the IRS, and
provisions are routinely made in the financial statements in anticipation of the
results of these audits. The IRS has examined the FAFLIC/ AFLIAC consolidated
group's federal income tax returns through 1994. The IRS has also examined the
former Allmerica P&C consolidated group's federal income tax returns through
1991. The Company has appealed certain adjustments proposed by the IRS with
respect to the federal income tax returns for 1992,1993 and 1994 for the
FAFLIC/AFLIAC consolidated group. Also, certain adjustments proposed by the IRS
with respect to FAFLIC/ AFLIAC's federal income tax returns for 1982 and 1983
remain unresolved. If upheld, these adjustments would result in additional
payments; however, the Company will vigorously defend its position with respect
to these adjustments. In the Company's opinion, adequate tax liabilities have
been established for all years. However, the amount of these tax liabilities
could be revised in the near term if estimates of the Company's ultimate
liability are revised.
9. PENSION PLANS
FAFLIC provides retirement benefits to substantially all of its employees under
a defined benefit pension plan. This plan is based on a defined benefit cash
balance formula, whereby the Company annually provides an allocation to each
eligible employee based on a percentage of that employee's salary, similar to a
defined contribution plan arrangement. The 1998, 1997 and 1996 allocations were
based on 7.0% of each eligible employee's salary. In addition to the cash
balance allocation, certain transition group employees, who have met specified
age and service requirements as of December 31, 1994, are eligible for a
grandfathered benefit based primarily on the employees' years of service and
compensation during their highest five consecutive plan years of employment. The
Company's policy for the plans is to fund at least the minimum amount required
by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.
Components of net periodic pension cost were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Service cost -- benefits earned during the year............. $ 19.0 $ 19.9 $ 19.0
Interest cost............................................... 25.5 23.5 21.9
Expected return on plan assets.............................. (34.9) (31.2) (28.3)
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)........................ 0.4 0.1 (0.4)
Amortization of transition asset............................ (1.8) (1.9) (1.9)
Amortization of prior service cost.......................... (1.7) (2.0) (2.3)
------- ------- -------
Net periodic pension cost................................... $ 6.5 $ 8.4 $ 8.0
------- ------- -------
------- ------- -------
</TABLE>
F-29
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes the status of the pension plan. At December 31,
1998 and 1997 the plan's assets exceeded its projected benefit obligations.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Change in benefit obligations:
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year....... $370.4 $344.2
Service cost -- benefits earned during the year......... 19.0 19.9
Interest cost........................................... 25.5 23.5
Actuarial losses........................................ 20.4 0.3
Benefits paid........................................... (21.1) (17.5)
------ ------
Projected benefit obligation at end of year............. $414.2 $370.4
------ ------
------ ------
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year.......... $395.5 $347.8
Actual return on plan assets............................ 67.2 65.2
Benefits paid........................................... (21.1) (17.5)
------ ------
Fair value of plan assets at end of year................ 441.6 395.5
------ ------
Funded status of the plan............................... 27.4 25.1
Unrecognized transition obligation...................... (23.9) (26.2)
Unamortized prior service cost.......................... (11.0) (13.9)
Unrecognized net actuarial gains........................ (54.9) (44.9)
------ ------
Net pension liability............................... $(62.4) $(59.9)
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
As a result of AFC's merger with APY, certain pension liabilities were reduced
by $11.7 million in 1997, to reflect their fair value as of the purchase date.
These pension liabilities were reduced by $10.3 million in 1998, which reflects
fair value, net of applicable amortization. Determination of the projected
benefit obligations was based on a weighted average discount rate of 6.5% and
7.0% in 1998 and 1997, respectively, and the assumed long-term rate of return on
plan assets was 9.0% in both 1998 and 1997. The actuarial present value of the
projected benefit obligations was determined using assumed rates of increase in
future compensation levels ranging from 5.0% to 5.5%. Plan assets are invested
primarily in various separate accounts and the general account of FAFLIC. Plan
assets also include 973,262 shares of AFC Common Stock at both December 31, 1998
and 1997, with a market value of $56.3 million and $48.6 million at December 31,
1998 and 1997, respectively.
The Company has a defined contribution 401(k) plan for its employees, whereby
the Company matches employee elective 401(k) contributions, up to a maximum
percentage determined annually by the Board of Directors. During 1998, 1997 and
1996, the Company matched 50% of employees' contributions up to 6.0% of eligible
compensation. The total expenses related to this plan was $5.6 million, $3.3
million and $5.5 million, in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. In addition to
this plan, the Company has a defined contribution plan for substantially all of
its agents. The Plan expense in 1998, 1997 and 1996 was $3.0 million, $2.8
million and $2.0 million, respectively.
On January 1, 1998, substantially all of the aforementioned defined benefit and
defined contribution 401k plans were merged with the existing benefit plans of
FAFLIC. The merger of benefit plans resulted in a $5.9 million change of
interest adjustment to additional paid in capital during 1998. The change of
interest adjustment arose from FAFLIC's forgiveness of certain Allmerica P&C
benefit plan liabilities attributable to Allmerica P&C's minority interest.
F-30
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
10. OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
In addition to the Company's pension plans, the Company currently provides
postretirement medical and death benefits to certain full-time employees and
dependents, under several plans sponsored by FAFLIC. Generally, employees become
eligible at age 55 with at least 15 years of service. Spousal coverage is
generally provided for up to two years after death of the retiree. Benefits
include hospital, major medical, and a payment at death equal to retirees' final
compensation up to certain limits. Effective January 1, 1996, the Company
revised these benefits so as to establish limits on future benefit payments and
to restrict eligibility to current employees. The medical plans have varying
copayments and deductibles, depending on the plan. These plans are unfunded.
The plan changes, effective January 1, 1996, resulted in a negative plan
amendment (change in eligibility and medical benefits) of $26.8 million and
curtailment (no future increases in life insurance) of $5.3 million. The
negative plan amendment will be amortized as prior service cost over the average
number of years to full eligibility (approximately 9 years or $3.0 million per
year). Of the $5.3 million curtailment gain, $3.3 million has been deducted from
unrecognized loss and $2.0 million has been recorded as a reduction of the net
periodic postretirement benefit expense.
The plans' funded status reconciled with amounts recognized in the Company's
consolidated balance sheet were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Change in benefit obligation:
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at
beginning of year..................................... $ 71.8 $ 72.3
Service cost............................................ 3.1 3.0
Interest cost........................................... 5.1 4.6
Actuarial losses........................................ 7.6 (4.7)
Benefits paid........................................... (3.6) (3.4)
------ ------
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at end of
year.................................................. 84.0 71.8
Fair value of plan assets at end of year................ -- --
------ ------
Funded status of the plan............................... (84.0) (71.8)
Unamortized prior service cost.......................... (12.9) (15.3)
Unrecognized net actuarial losses....................... 7.5 0.8
------ ------
Accumulated postretirement benefit costs................ $(89.4) $(86.3)
------ ------
------ ------
</TABLE>
The components of net periodic postretirement benefit expense were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Service cost................................................ $ 3.1 $ 3.0 $ 3.2
Interest cost............................................... 5.1 4.6 4.6
Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)........................ 0.1 (0.1) 0.2
Amortization of prior service cost.......................... (2.4) (2.7) (3.0)
------ ------ ------
Net periodic postretirement benefit cost.................... $ 5.9 $ 4.8 $ 5.0
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
As a result of AFC's merger with APY in 1997, certain postretirement liabilities
were reduced by $6.1 million to reflect their fair value as of the purchase
date. These postretirement liabilities were reduced by $5.4 million in 1998,
which reflects fair value, net of applicable amortization.
F-31
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
For purposes of measuring the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at
December 31, 1998, health care costs were assumed to increase 7.0% in 1999,
declining thereafter until the ultimate rate of 5.5% is reached in 2001 and
remains at that level thereafter. The health care cost trend rate assumption has
a significant effect on the amounts reported. For example, increasing the
assumed health care cost trend rates by one percentage point in each year would
increase the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 1998
by $5.7 million, and the aggregate of the service and interest cost components
of net periodic postretirement benefit expense for 1998 by $0.7 million.
Conversely, decreasing the assumed health care cost trend rates by one
percentage point in each year would decrease the accumulated postretirement
benefit obligation at December 31, 1998 by $5.2 million, and the aggregate of
the service and interest cost components of net periodic postretirement benefit
expense for 1998 by $0.6 million.
The weighted-average discount rate used in determining the accumulated
postretirement benefit obligation was 6.5% and 7.0% at December 31, 1998 and
1997. In addition, the actuarial present value of the accumulated postretirement
benefit obligation was determined using an assumed rate of increase in future
compensation levels of 5.5% for FAFLIC agents.
On January 1, 1998, substantially all of the aforementioned postretirement
medical and death benefits plans were merged with the existing benefit plans of
FAFLIC. The merger of benefit plans resulted in a $3.8 million change of
interest adjustment to additional paid in capital during 1998. The change of
interest adjustment arose from FAFLIC's forgiveness of certain Allmerica P&C
benefit plan liabilities attributable to Allmerica P&C's minority interest.
11. DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS
Massachusetts, Delaware, New Hampshire and Michigan have enacted laws governing
the payment of dividends to stockholders by insurers. These laws affect the
dividend paying ability of FAFLIC, AFLIAC, Hanover and Citizens, respectively.
Dividends from FAFLIC and Allmerica P&C (Hanover) are the primary source of cash
flow for AFC.
Massachusetts' statute limits the dividends an insurer may pay in any twelve
month period, without the prior permission of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Insurance Commissioner, to the greater of (i) 10% of its statutory policyholder
surplus as of the preceding December 31 or (ii) the individual company's
statutory net gain from operations for the preceding calendar year (if such
insurer is a life company), or its net income for the preceding calendar year
(if such insurer is not a life company). In addition, under Massachusetts law,
no domestic insurer shall pay a dividend or make any distribution to its
shareholders from other than unassigned funds unless the Commissioner shall have
approved such dividend or distribution. During 1998, FAFLIC paid dividends of
$50.0 million to AFC. No dividends were declared by FAFLIC to AFC during 1997 or
1996 During 1999, FAFLIC could pay dividends of $116.4 million to AFC without
prior approval of the Commissioner.
Pursuant to Delaware's statute, the maximum amount of dividends and other
distributions that an insurer may pay in any twelve month period, without the
prior approval of the Delaware Commissioner of Insurance, is limited to the
greater of (i) 10% of its policyholders' surplus as of the preceding December 31
or (ii) the individual company's statutory net gain from operations for the
preceding calendar year (if such insurer is a life company) or its net income
(not including realized capital gains) for the preceding calendar year (if such
insurer is not a life company). Any dividends to be paid by an insurer, whether
or not in excess of the aforementioned threshold, from a source other than
statutory earned surplus would also require the prior approval of the Delaware
Commissioner of Insurance. No dividends were declared by AFLIAC to FAFLIC during
1998, 1997 or 1996. During 1999, AFLIAC could pay dividends of $26.1 million to
FAFLIC without prior approval.
F-32
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Pursuant to New Hampshire's statute, the maximum dividends and other
distributions that an insurer may pay in any twelve month period, without the
prior approval of the New Hampshire Insurance Commissioner, is limited to 10% of
such insurer's statutory policyholder surplus as of the preceding December 31.
Hanover declared dividends to Allmerica P&C totaling, $125.0 million, $120.0
million and $105.0 million during 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. During
1999, the maximum dividend and other distributions that could be paid to
Allmerica P&C by Hanover, without prior approval of the Insurance Commissioner,
is approximately $1.6 million, which considers an extraordinary dividend of
$125.0 million declared on March 12, 1998. The allowable dividend without prior
approval will increase to $126.6 million on March 12, 1999.
Pursuant to Michigan's statute, the maximum dividends and other distributions
that an insurer may pay in any twelve month period, without prior approval of
the Michigan Insurance Commissioner, is limited to the greater of 10% of
policyholders' surplus as of December 31 of the immediately preceding year or
the statutory net income less realized gains, for the immediately preceding
calendar year. Citizens Insurance paid dividends to Citizens Corporation
totaling $200.0 million and $6.3 million during 1998 and 1996, respectively. A
$180.0 million extraordinary dividend was approved by the Commissioner in 1998.
No dividends were declared by Citizens Insurance during 1997. During 1999,
Citizens Insurance can declare no dividends to Citizens Corporation without
prior approval of the Michigan Insurance Commissioner as a result of the $180.0
million extraordinary dividend declared on December 21, 1998.
12. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company offers financial products and services in two major areas: Risk
Management and Retirement and Asset Accumulation. Within these broad areas, the
Company conducts business principally in four operating segments.
Effective January 1, 1998, the Company adopted Statement No. 131. Upon adoption,
the separate financial information of each segment was re-defined consistent
with the way results are regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision
maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. A
summary of the significant changes in reportable segments is included below.
The Risk Management group includes two segments: Property and Casualty and
Corporate Risk Management Services. The Property and Casualty segment includes
property and casualty insurance products, such as automobile insurance,
homeowners insurance, commercial multiple peril insurance, and workers'
compensation insurance. These products are offered by Allmerica P&C through its
operating subsidiaries, Hanover and Citizens. Substantially all of the Property
and Casualty segment's earnings are generated in Michigan and the Northeast
(Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Rhode Island,
Vermont and Maine). The Corporate Risk Management Services segment includes
group life and health insurance products and services which assist employers in
administering employee benefit programs and in managing the related risks.
The Retirement and Asset Accumulation group includes two segments: Allmerica
Financial Services and Allmerica Asset Management. The Allmerica Financial
Services segment includes variable annuities, variable universal life and
traditional life insurance products distributed via retail channels as well as
group retirement products, such as defined benefit and 401(k) plans and
tax-sheltered annuities distributed to institutions. Through its Allmerica Asset
Management segment, the Company offers its customers the option of investing in
three types of GICs; the traditional GIC, the synthetic GIC and the floating
rate GIC. This segment is also a Registered Investment Advisor providing
investment advisory services, primarily to affiliates, and to other
institutions, such as insurance companies and pension plans. In addition to the
four operating segments, the Company has a Corporate segment, which consists
primarily of cash, investments, corporate debt, Capital Securities and corporate
overhead expenses. Corporate overhead expenses reflect costs not attributable to
a
F-33
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
particular segment, such as those generated by certain officers and directors,
Corporate Technology, Corporate Finance, Human Resources and the legal
department.
Significant changes to the Company's segmentation include a reclassification of
corporate overhead expenses from each operating segment into the Corporate
segment. Additionally, certain products (group retirement products, such as
401(k) plans and tax-sheltered annuities, group variable universal life) and
certain other non-insurance operations (telemarketing and trust services)
previously reported in the Allmerica Financial Institutional Services segment
were combined with the Allmerica Financial Services segment. Also, the Company
reclassified the GIC product line previously reported in the Allmerica Financial
Institutional Services segment into the Allmerica Asset Management segment.
Management evaluates the results of the aforementioned segments based on pre-tax
segment income. Pre-tax segment income is determined by adjusting net income for
net realized investment gains and losses, net gains and losses on disposals of
businesses, extraordinary items, the cumulative effect of accounting changes and
certain other items which management believes are not indicative of overall
operating trends. While these items may be significant components in
understanding and assessing the Company's financial performance, management
believes that the presentation of pre-tax segment income enhances its
understanding of the Company's results of operations by highlighting net income
attributable to the normal, recurring operations of the business. However,
pre-tax segment income should not be construed as a substitute for net income
determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Summarized below is financial information with respect to business segments:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Segment revenues:
Risk Management
Property and Casualty................................... $2,204.8 $2,211.0 $2,145.8
Corporate Risk Management Services...................... 412.9 405.4 370.7
-------- -------- --------
Subtotal............................................ 2,617.7 2,616.4 2,516.5
-------- -------- --------
Retirement and Asset Accumulation
Allmerica Financial Services............................ 721.2 709.7 700.0
Allmerica Asset Management.............................. 121.7 91.1 110.5
-------- -------- --------
Subtotal............................................ 842.9 800.8 810.5
-------- -------- --------
Corporate................................................. 2.3 5.5 5.2
Intersegment revenues..................................... (7.6) (11.6) (13.8)
-------- -------- --------
Total segment revenues including Closed Block........... 3,455.2 3,411.1 3,318.4
-------- -------- --------
Adjustment to segment revenues:
Adjustment for Closed Block............................. (98.4) (102.6) (105.7)
Net realized gains...................................... 62.6 75.6 66.8
-------- -------- --------
Total revenues...................................... $3,419.4 $3,384.2 $3,279.5
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
F-34
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Segment income (loss) before income taxes and minority
interest:
Risk Management
Property and Casualty................................... $151.4 $172.9 $170.7
Corporate Risk Management Services...................... 7.8 27.0 28.3
------ ------ ------
Subtotal............................................ 159.2 199.9 199.0
------ ------ ------
Retirement and Asset Accumulation
Allmerica Financial Services............................ 166.6 134.6 106.8
Allmerica Asset Management.............................. 23.7 18.4 11.5
------ ------ ------
Subtotal............................................ 190.3 153.0 118.3
------ ------ ------
Corporate................................................. (45.3) (44.6) (36.6)
------ ------ ------
Segment income before income taxes and minority
interest.............................................. 304.2 308.3 280.7
------ ------ ------
Adjustments to segment income:
Net realized investment gains, net of amortization...... 53.9 78.7 69.6
Sales practice litigation expense....................... (31.0) -- --
Loss on exiting reinsurance pools....................... (25.3)
Gain from change in mortality assumptions............... -- 47.0 --
Loss on cession of disability income business........... -- (53.9) --
Restructuring costs..................................... (13.0) -- --
Other items............................................. (.7) (3.2) (1.1)
------ ------ ------
Income before taxes and minority interest................. $288.1 $376.9 $349.2
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ------
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1998 1997
- ------------------------------------------------------------ --------- --------- -------- ------
DEFERRED
ACQUISITION
IDENTIFIABLE ASSETS COSTS
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Risk Management
Property and Casualty................................... $ 5,649.0 $ 5,650.4 $ 164.9 $167.2
Corporate Risk Management Services...................... 567.8 619.8 2.6 2.9
--------- --------- -------- ------
Subtotal............................................ 6,216.8 6,270.2 167.5 170.1
Retirement and Asset Accumulation
Allmerica Financial Services............................ 19,407.3 15,159.2 993.1 794.5
Allmerica Asset Management.............................. 1,810.9 1,035.1 0.6 0.9
--------- --------- -------- ------
Subtotal............................................ 21,218.2 16,194.3 993.7 795.4
Corporate............................................... 29.6 26.9 -- --
--------- --------- -------- ------
Total............................................... $27,464.6 $22,491.4 $1,161.2 $965.5
--------- --------- -------- ------
--------- --------- -------- ------
</TABLE>
13. LEASE COMMITMENTS
Rental expenses for operating leases, principally with respect to buildings,
amounted to $34.9 million, $33.6 million and $34.9 million in 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively. At December 31, 1998, future minimum rental payments under
non-cancelable operating leases were approximately $73.5 million, payable as
follows: 1999 -- $28.6 million; 2000 -- $21.0 million; 2001 -- $13.8 million;
2002 -- $6.9 million; and $3.2 million thereafter. It is expected that, in the
normal course of business, leases that expire will be renewed or replaced by
leases on other property and equipment; thus, it is anticipated that future
minimum lease commitments will not be less than the amounts shown for 1999.
F-35
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
14. REINSURANCE
In the normal course of business, the Company seeks to reduce the loss that may
arise from catastrophes or other events that cause unfavorable underwriting
results by reinsuring certain levels of risk in various areas of exposure with
other insurance enterprises or reinsurers. Reinsurance transactions are
accounted for in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 113, "Accounting and
Reporting for Reinsurance of Short Duration and Long Duration Contracts".
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with
the claim liability associated with the reinsured policy. Reinsurance contracts
do not relieve the Company from its obligations to policyholders. Failure of
reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company;
consequently, allowances are established for amounts deemed uncollectible. The
Company determines the appropriate amount of reinsurance based on evaluation of
the risks accepted and analyses prepared by consultants and reinsurers and on
market conditions (including the availability and pricing of reinsurance). The
Company also believes that the terms of its reinsurance contracts are consistent
with industry practice in that they contain standard terms with respect to lines
of business covered, limit and retention, arbitration and occurrence. Based on
its review of its reinsurers' financial statements and reputations in the
reinsurance marketplace, the Company believes that its reinsurers are
financially sound.
The Company is subject to concentration of risk with respect to reinsurance
ceded to various residual market mechanisms. As a condition to the ability to
conduct certain business in various states, the Company is required to
participate in various residual market mechanisms and pooling arrangements which
provide various insurance coverages to individuals or other entities that are
otherwise unable to purchase such coverage voluntarily provided by private
insurers. These market mechanisms and pooling arrangements include the
Massachusetts Commonwealth Automobile Reinsurers ("CAR"), the Maine Workers'
Compensation Residual Market Pool ("MWCRP") and the Michigan Catastrophic Claims
Association ("MCCA"). At December 31, 1998, CAR was the only reinsurer which
represented 10% or more of the Company's reinsurance business. As a servicing
carrier in Massachusetts, the Company cedes a significant portion of its private
passenger and commercial automobile premiums to CAR. Net premiums earned and
losses and loss adjustment expenses ceded to CAR in 1998, 1997 and 1996 were
$34.3 million and $38.1 million, $32.3 million and $28.2 million, and $38.0
million and $21.8 million, respectively. The Company ceded to MCCA premiums
earned and losses and loss adjustment expenses in 1998, 1997 and 1996 of $3.7
million and $18.0 million, $9.8 million and $(0.8) million, and $50.5 million
and $(52.9) million, respectively.
On June 2, 1998, the Company recorded a $124.2 million one-time reduction of its
direct and ceded written premiums as a result of a return of excess surplus from
MCCA. This transaction had no impact on the total net premiums recorded by the
Company in 1998.
Because the MCCA is supported by assessments permitted by statute, and all
amounts billed by the Company to CAR, MWCRP and MCCA have been paid when due,
the Company believes that it has no significant exposure to uncollectible
reinsurance balances.
F-36
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The effects of reinsurance were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Life and accident and health insurance premiums:
Direct.................................................. $ 416.6 $ 417.4 $ 389.1
Assumed................................................. 111.9 110.7 87.8
Ceded................................................... (189.8) (170.1) (138.9)
---------- -------- --------
Net premiums................................................ $ 338.7 $ 358.0 $ 338.0
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
Property and casualty premiums written:
Direct.................................................. $1,969.3 $2,068.5 $2,039.7
Assumed................................................. 58.8 103.1 108.7
Ceded................................................... (74.1) (179.8) (234.0)
---------- -------- --------
Net premiums................................................ $1,954.0 $1,991.8 $1,914.4
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
Property and casualty premiums earned:
Direct.................................................. $1,966.8 $2,046.2 $2,018.5
Assumed................................................. 64.5 102.0 112.4
Ceded................................................... (66.1) (195.1) (232.6)
---------- -------- --------
Net premiums................................................ $1,965.2 $1,953.1 $1,898.3
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
Life insurance and other individual policy benefits, claims,
losses and loss adjustment expenses:
Direct.................................................. $ 653.6 $ 656.4 $ 606.5
Assumed................................................. 67.9 61.6 44.9
Ceded................................................... (164.0) (158.8) (77.8)
---------- -------- --------
Net policy benefits, claims, losses and loss adjustment
expenses................................................... $ 557.5 $ 559.2 $ 573.6
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
Property and casualty benefits, claims, losses and loss
adjustment expenses:
Direct.................................................. $1,588.3 $1,464.9 $1,299.8
Assumed................................................. 62.7 101.2 85.8
Ceded................................................... (158.2) (120.6) (2.2)
---------- -------- --------
Net policy benefits, claims, losses, and loss adjustment
expenses................................................... $1,492.8 $1,445.5 $1,383.4
---------- -------- --------
---------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
15. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS
The following reflects changes to the deferred policy acquisition asset:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at beginning of year................................ $ 965.5 $ 822.7 $ 735.7
Acquisition expenses deferred........................... 641.2 617.7 547.4
Amortized to expense during the year.................... (452.8) (476.0) (470.1)
Adjustment to equity during the year.................... 7.3 (11.1) 9.7
Adjustment for cession of disability income insurance... -- (38.6) --
Adjustment for revision of universal and variable
universal life insurance mortality assumptions........ -- 50.8 --
-------- -------- --------
Balance at end of year...................................... $1,161.2 $ 965.5 $ 822.7
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
F-37
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
At October 1, 1997, the Company revised the mortality assumptions for universal
life and variable universal life product lines. These revisions resulted in a
$50.8 million recapitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs.
16. LIABILITIES FOR OUTSTANDING CLAIMS, LOSSES AND
LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
The Company regularly updates its estimates of liabilities for outstanding
claims, losses and loss adjustment expenses as new information becomes available
and further events occur which may impact the resolution of unsettled claims for
its property and casualty and its accident and health lines of business. Changes
in prior estimates are recorded in results of operations in the year such
changes are determined to be needed.
The liability for future policy benefits and outstanding claims, losses and loss
adjustment expenses related to the Company's accident and health business was
$568.0 million, $533.6 million and $471.7 million at December 31, 1998, 1997 and
1996, respectively. Accident and health claim liabilities were re-estimated for
all prior years and were increased by $14.6 million in 1998, and decreased by
$0.2 million and $0.6 million in 1997 and 1996, respectively. The increase in
1998 resulted from the Company's reserve strengthening primarily in the assumed
reinsurance and stop loss only business.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending
property and casualty reserve for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
(LAE):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Reserve for losses and LAE, beginning of the year........... $2,615.4 $2,744.1 $2,896.0
Incurred losses and LAE, net of reinsurance recoverable:
Provision for insured events of the current year........ 1,609.0 1,564.1 1,513.3
Decrease in provision for insured events of prior
years................................................. (127.2) (127.9) (141.4)
-------- -------- --------
Total incurred losses and LAE............................... 1,481.8 1,436.2 1,371.9
-------- -------- --------
Payments, net of reinsurance recoverable:
Losses and LAE attributable to insured events of current
year.................................................. 871.9 775.1 759.6
Losses and LAE attributable to insured events of prior
years................................................. 643.0 732.1 627.6
-------- -------- --------
Total payments.............................................. 1,514.9 1,507.2 1,387.2
-------- -------- --------
Change in reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses.......... 15.0 (50.2) (136.6)
-------- -------- --------
Other (1)................................................... -- (7.5) --
-------- -------- --------
Reserve for losses and LAE, end of year..................... $2,597.3 $2,615.4 $2,744.1
-------- -------- --------
-------- -------- --------
</TABLE>
(1) Includes purchase accounting adjustments.
As part of an ongoing process, the property and casualty reserves have been
re-estimated for all prior accident years and were decreased by $127.2 million,
$127.9 million and $141.1 million in 1998, 1997, and 1996, respectively.
The decrease in favorable development on prior years' reserves of $0.7 million
in 1998 results from a $20.7 million decrease in favorable development at
Citizens, significantly offset by a $20.0 million increase in favorable
development at Hanover. The decrease in favorable development on prior year
reserves at Citizens in 1998, reflects a $13.8 million decrease in favorable
development, to $21.9 million, in the workers' compensation line. In addition,
favorable development in the commercial multiple peril line decreased $4.0
million, to
F-38
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
$0.3 million. These declines in favorable development are partially offset by
continued favorable development on prior year reserves in the personal
automobile line due to tort reform in Michigan, which became effective July 26,
1996. The new legislation requires judges rather than juries to determine if the
minimum threshold to allow pain and suffering damage settlements has been met.
The increase in favorable development at Hanover during 1998 reflects a $20.6
million increase in favorable development on prior year reserves, to $38.0
million, in the personal automobile line, as well as a $14.9 million increase to
$12.1 million in the commercial multiple peril line. These increases are
primarily attributable to the initiatives taken by the Company over the past two
years which are expected to reduce ultimate settlement costs. These increases
are partially offset by less favorable development in the workers' compensation
line where favorable development on prior year reserves decreased $19.2 million,
to $9.6 million.
The decrease in favorable development on prior years' reserves of $13.5 million
in 1997 results primarily from a $24.6 million decrease in favorable development
at Hanover to $58.4 million, partially offset by an $11.1 million increase in
favorable development at Citizens to $69.5 million. The decrease in Hanover's
favorable development of $24.6 million in 1997 reflects a decrease in favorable
development of $25.0 million, to $17.4 million, in the personal automobile line
as well as a decrease in favorable development of $8.5 million, to unfavorable
development of $2.8 million, in the commercial multiple peril line. These
decreases were partially offset by an increase in favorable development in the
workers' compensation line of $11.5 million, to $28.8 million. The increase in
favorable development at Citizens in 1997, reflects improved severity in the
workers' compensation line where favorable development increased $13.9 million,
to $35.7 million, and in the commercial multiple peril line where favorable
development increased $7.0 million, to $4.3 million. These increases are
partially offset by less favorable development in the personal automobile line,
where favorable development decreased $10.5 million, to $22.5 million in 1997.
This favorable development reflects the Regional Property and Casualty
subsidiaries' reserving philosophy consistently applied over these periods.
Conditions and trends that have affected development of the loss and LAE
reserves in the past may not necessarily occur in the future.
Due to the nature of the business written by the Regional Property and Casualty
subsidiaries, the exposure to environmental liabilities is relatively small and
therefore their reserves are relatively small compared to other types of
liabilities. Loss and LAE reserves related to environmental damage and toxic
tort liability, included in the total reserve for losses and LAE were $49.9
million, $53.1 million and $50.8 million, net of reinsurance of $14.2 million,
$15.7 million and $20.2 million in 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. The
Regional Property and Casualty subsidiaries do not specifically underwrite
policies that include this coverage, but as case law expands policy provisions
and insurers' liability beyond the intended coverage, the Regional Property and
Casualty subsidiaries may be required to defend such claims. The Company
estimated its ultimate liability for these claims based upon currently known
facts, reasonable assumptions where the facts are not known, current law and
methodologies currently available. Although these claims are not material, their
existence gives rise to uncertainty and is discussed because of the possibility,
however remote, that they may become material. The Company believes that,
notwithstanding the evolution of case law expanding liability in environmental
claims, recorded reserves related to these claims are adequate. In addition, the
Company is not aware of any litigation or pending claims that may result in
additional material liabilities in excess of recorded reserves. The
environmental liability could be revised in the near term if the estimates used
in determining the liability are revised.
17. MINORITY INTEREST
The Company's interest in Allmerica P&C is represented by ownership of 70.0%,
65.8% and 59.5% of the outstanding shares of common stock at December 31, 1998,
1997 and 1996, respectively. Earnings and
F-39
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
shareholder's equity attributable to minority shareholders are included in
minority interest in the consolidated financial statements.
18. CONTINGENCIES
REGULATORY AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS
Unfavorable economic conditions may contribute to an increase in the number of
insurance companies that are under regulatory supervision. This may result in an
increase in mandatory assessments by state guaranty funds, or voluntary payments
by solvent insurance companies to cover losses to policyholders of insolvent or
rehabilitated companies. Mandatory assessments, which are subject to statutory
limits, can be partially recovered through a reduction in future premium taxes
in some states. The Company is not able to reasonably estimate the potential
effect on it of any such future assessments or voluntary payments.
LITIGATION
In July 1997, a lawsuit on behalf of a putative class was instituted in
Louisiana against AFC and certain of its subsidiaries, including FAFLIC, by
individual plaintiffs alleging fraud, unfair or deceptive acts, breach of
contract, misrepresentation, and related claims in the sale of life insurance
policies. In October 1997, the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the Louisiana
suit and filed a substantially similar action in Federal District Court in
Worcester, Massachusetts. In early November 1998, the Company and the plaintiffs
entered into a settlement agreement, to which the court granted preliminary
approval on December 4, 1998. A hearing was held on March 19, 1999 to consider
final approval of the settlement agreement. A decision by the court is expected
to be rendered in the near future. Accordingly, FAFLIC recognized a $31.0
million pre-tax expense during the third quarter of 1998 related to this
litigation. Although the Company believes that this expense reflects appropriate
recognition of its obligation under the settlement, this estimate assumes the
availability of insurance coverage for certain claims, and the estimate may be
revised based on the amount of reimbursement actually tendered by AFC's
insurance carriers, if any, and based on changes in the Company's estimate of
the ultimate cost of the benefits to be provided to members of the class.
The Company has been named a defendant in various other legal proceedings
arising in the normal course of business. In the Company's opinion, based on the
advice of legal counsel, the ultimate resolution of these proceedings will not
have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
However, liabilities related to these proceedings could be established in the
near term if estimates of the ultimate resolution of these proceedings are
revised.
RESIDUAL MARKETS
The Company is required to participate in residual markets in various states.
The results of the residual markets are not subject to the predictability
associated with the Company's own managed business, and are significant to the
workers' compensation line of business and both the private passenger and
commercial automobile lines of business.
YEAR 2000
The Year 2000 issue is the result of computer programs being written using two
digits rather than four to define the applicable year. Any of the Company's
computer programs that have date-sensitive software may recognize a date using
"00" as the year 1900 rather than the year 2000. This could result in a system
failure or miscalculations causing disruptions of operations, including, among
other things, a temporary inability to process transactions, send invoices, or
engage in similar normal business activities.
F-40
<PAGE>
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Although the Company does not believe that there is a material contingency
associated with the Year 2000 project, there can be no assurance that exposure
for material contingencies will not arise.
19. STATUTORY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The Company and its insurance subsidiaries are required to file annual
statements with state regulatory authorities prepared on an accounting basis
prescribed or permitted by such authorities (statutory basis). Statutory surplus
differs from shareholder's equity reported in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles primarily because policy acquisition costs are expensed
when incurred, investment reserves are based on different assumptions,
postretirement benefit costs are based on different assumptions and reflect a
different method of adoption, life insurance reserves are based on different
assumptions and income tax expense reflects only taxes paid or currently
payable. Statutory net income and surplus are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(IN MILLIONS) 1998 1997 1996
- ------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Statutory Net Income (Combined)
Property and Casualty Companies......................... $ 180.7 $ 190.3 $ 155.5
Life and Health Companies............................... 86.4 191.2 133.3
Statutory Shareholder's Surplus (Combined)
Property and Casualty Companies......................... $1,269.3 $1,279.6 $1,201.6
Life and Health Companies............................... 1,164.1 1,221.3 1,120.1
</TABLE>
20. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On April 1, 1999, Allmerica P&C redeemed an additional 3,246.8 shares of its
issued and outstanding common stock owned by AFC for $125.0 million, thereby
increasing FAFLIC's ownership of Allmerica P&C by 4.8%. The 1999 transaction
consisted of $75.4 million of securities and $49.6 million of cash.
F-41
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors of First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company
and the Policyowners of the Group VEL Account of First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company
In our opinion, the accompanying statements of assets and liabilities, and the
related statements of operations and changes in net assets present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of each of the Sub-Accounts
constituting the Group VEL Account of First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance
Company at December 31, 1998, the results of each of their operations and the
changes in each of their net assets for each of the three years in the period
then ended, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. These
financial statements are the responsibility of First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on
these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these
financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards
which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance
about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An
audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits, which included
confirmation of securities at December 31, 1998 by correspondence with the
Funds, provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
March 26, 1999
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
DECEMBER 31, 1998
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INVESTMENT MONEY EQUITY GOVERNMENT
GROWTH GRADE INCOME MARKET INDEX BOND
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Investments in shares of Allmerica
Investment Trust........................... $ 429 $ 271 $ 242 $ 503 $ 258
Investments in shares of Fidelity Variable
Insurance Products Funds (VIP)............. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of T. Rowe Price
International Series, Inc.................. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of Delaware Group
Premium Fund, Inc.......................... -- -- -- -- --
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
Total assets.............................. 429 271 242 503 258
LIABILITIES: -- -- -- -- --
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
Net assets................................ $ 429 $ 271 $ 242 $ 503 $ 258
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
Net asset distribution by category:
Variable life policies.................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Value of investment by First Allmerica
Financial Life Insurance Company
(Sponsor)............................... 429 271 242 503 258
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
$ 429 $ 271 $ 242 $ 503 $ 258
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
--------- ------------ --------- --------- ----------
Units outstanding, December 31, 1998........ 200 200 200 200 200
Net asset value per unit, December 31,
1998....................................... $2.145962 $1.356605 $1.210004 $2.516518 $1.290007
<CAPTION>
SELECT SELECT SELECT SELECT
AGGRESSIVE SELECT GROWTH VALUE INTERNATIONAL
GROWTH GROWTH AND INCOME OPPORTUNITY* EQUITY
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Investments in shares of Allmerica
Investment Trust........................... $ 388 $ 523 $ 418 $ 372 $ 336
Investments in shares of Fidelity Variable
Insurance Products Funds (VIP)............. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of T. Rowe Price
International Series, Inc.................. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of Delaware Group
Premium Fund, Inc.......................... -- -- -- -- --
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
Total assets.............................. 388 523 418 372 336
LIABILITIES: -- -- -- -- --
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
Net assets................................ $ 388 $ 523 $ 418 $ 372 $ 336
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
Net asset distribution by category:
Variable life policies.................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Value of investment by First Allmerica
Financial Life Insurance Company
(Sponsor)............................... 388 523 418 372 336
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
$ 388 $ 523 $ 418 $ 372 $ 336
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
---------- --------- ------------ ----------- -------------
Units outstanding, December 31, 1998........ 200 200 200 200 200
Net asset value per unit, December 31,
1998....................................... $1.938832 $2.612654 $2.087608 $1.861037 $1.680427
</TABLE>
* Name changed. See Note 1.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-1
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31, 1998
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FIDELITY
SELECT SELECT SELECT VIP FIDELITY
CAPITAL EMERGING STRATEGIC HIGH VIP
APPRECIATION MARKETS(a) GROWTH(a) INCOME EQUITY-INCOME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Investments in shares of
Allmerica Investment Trust... $ 394 $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Investments in shares of
Fidelity Variable Insurance
Products Funds (VIP)......... -- -- -- 284 393
Investment in shares of T.
Rowe Price International
Series, Inc.................. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of
Delaware Group Premium Fund,
Inc.......................... -- -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total assets................ 394 -- -- 284 393
LIABILITIES: -- -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net assets.................. $ 394 $ -- $ -- $ 284 $ 393
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net asset distribution by
category:
Variable life policies...... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Value of investment by First
Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company
(Sponsor)................. 394 -- -- 284 393
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
$ 394 $ -- $ -- $ 284 $ 393
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Units outstanding, December
31, 1998..................... 200 -- -- 200 200
Net asset value per unit,
December 31, 1998............ $1.972109 $1.000000 $1.000000 $1.420445 $1.964372
<CAPTION>
FIDELITY T. ROWE
FIDELITY FIDELITY VIP II PRICE DGPF
VIP VIP ASSET INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL
GROWTH OVERSEAS MANAGER STOCK(a) EQUITY
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS:
Investments in shares of
Allmerica Investment Trust... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Investments in shares of
Fidelity Variable Insurance
Products Funds (VIP)......... 492 306 358 -- --
Investment in shares of T.
Rowe Price International
Series, Inc.................. -- -- -- -- --
Investment in shares of
Delaware Group Premium Fund,
Inc.......................... -- -- -- -- 307
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total assets................ 492 306 358 -- 307
LIABILITIES: -- -- -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net assets.................. $ 492 $ 306 $ 358 $ -- $ 307
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net asset distribution by
category:
Variable life policies...... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ --
Value of investment by First
Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company
(Sponsor)................. 492 306 358 -- 307
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
$ 492 $ 306 $ 358 $ -- $ 307
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Units outstanding, December
31, 1998..................... 200 200 200 -- 200
Net asset value per unit,
December 31, 1998............ $2.461978 $1.530786 $1.789209 $1.000000 $1.535924
</TABLE>
(a) For the period ended 12/31/98, there were no transactions.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-2
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INVESTMENT
GROWTH GRADE INCOME MONEY MARKET
------------------- ------------------- -------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ 4 $ 6 $ 5 $ 15 $ 15 $ 14 $ 12 $ 12 $ 11
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. 4 6 5 15 15 14 12 12 11
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 4 58 26 -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 4 58 26 -- -- -- -- -- --
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 61 9 17 5 6 (6) -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 65 67 43 5 6 (6) -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 69 73 48 20 21 8 12 12 11
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 69 73 48 20 21 8 12 12 11
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 360 287 239 251 230 222 230 218 207
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 429 $ 360 $ 287 $ 271 $ 251 $ 230 $ 242 $ 230 $ 218
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<CAPTION>
EQUITY INDEX GOVERNMENT BOND
----------------------- -----------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ 5 $ 4 $ 5 $ 14 $ 13 $ 13
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. 5 4 5 14 13 13
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 12 11 4 -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 12 11 4 -- -- --
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 94 81 45 4 3 (5)
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 106 92 49 4 3 (5)
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 111 96 54 18 16 8
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 111 96 54 18 16 8
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 392 296 242 240 224 216
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 503 $ 392 $ 296 $ 258 $ 240 $ 224
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-3
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SELECT SELECT
AGGRESSIVE GROWTH SELECT GROWTH GROWTH AND INCOME
------------------- ------------------- -------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 1 $ 1 $ 5 $ 4 $ 4
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. -- -- -- -- 1 1 5 4 4
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... -- 29 21 4 20 40 1 31 21
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... -- 29 21 4 20 40 1 31 21
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 37 27 25 133 77 11 53 31 26
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 37 56 46 137 97 51 54 62 47
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 37 56 46 137 98 52 59 66 51
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 37 56 46 137 98 52 59 66 51
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 351 295 249 386 288 236 359 293 242
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 388 $ 351 $ 295 $ 523 $ 386 $ 288 $ 418 $ 359 $ 293
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<CAPTION>
SELECT SELECT
VALUE OPPORTUNITY* INTERNATIONAL EQUITY
----------------------- -----------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ 3 $ 2 $ 2 $ 4 $ 7 $ 5
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. 3 2 2 4 7 5
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 1 47 12 -- 9 1
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 1 47 12 -- 9 1
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 13 22 49 43 (3) 44
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 14 69 61 43 6 45
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 17 71 63 47 13 50
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 17 71 63 47 13 50
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 355 284 221 289 276 226
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 372 $ 355 $ 284 $ 336 $ 289 $ 276
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
* Name changed. See Note 1.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-4
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SELECT
CAPITAL FIDELITY VIP FIDELITY VIP
APPRECIATION HIGH INCOME EQUITY-INCOME
------------------- ------------------- -------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 21 $ 18 $ 17 $ 5 $ 4 $ --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. -- -- -- 21 18 17 5 4 --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 60 -- 1 13 2 3 18 24 11
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 60 -- 1 13 2 3 18 24 11
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... (12) 43 23 (47) 25 11 18 49 23
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 48 43 24 (34) 27 14 36 73 34
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 48 43 24 (13) 45 31 41 77 34
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 48 43 24 (13) 45 31 41 77 34
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 346 303 279 297 252 221 352 275 241
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 394 $ 346 $ 303 $ 284 $ 297 $ 252 $ 393 $ 352 $ 275
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<CAPTION>
FIDELITY VIP FIDELITY VIP
GROWTH OVERSEAS
--------------------- ---------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends................... $ 2 $ 1 $ 1 $ 5 $ 5 $ 2
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income
(loss).................. 2 1 1 5 5 2
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
(LOSS) ON INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions
from portfolio sponsors... 47 9 17 16 17 3
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss).... 47 9 17 16 17 3
Net unrealized gain
(loss).................... 90 57 19 13 7 23
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and
unrealized gain
(loss).................. 137 66 36 29 24 26
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from
operations................ 139 67 37 34 29 28
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets from policy
transactions.............. -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in
net assets................ 139 67 37 34 29 28
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year........... 353 286 249 272 243 215
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................. $ 492 $ 353 $ 286 $ 306 $ 272 $ 243
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-5
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FIDELITY VIP II DGPF
ASSET MANAGER INTERNATIONAL EQUITY
--------------------- ---------------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 31,
1998 1997 1996 1998 1997 1996
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS):
Dividends.................................. $ 10 $ 8 $ 8 $ 11 $ 9 $ 7
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net investment income (loss)............. 10 8 8 11 9 7
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN (LOSS) ON
INVESTMENTS:
Realized gain distributions from portfolio
sponsors................................. 30 23 7 -- -- 2
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized gain (loss)................... 30 23 7 -- -- 2
Net unrealized gain (loss)................. 7 22 18 18 8 35
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net realized and unrealized gain
(loss)................................. 37 45 25 18 8 37
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in net assets from
operations............................... 47 53 33 29 17 44
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
POLICY TRANSACTIONS: -- -- -- -- -- --
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in net assets from
policy transactions...................... -- -- -- -- -- --
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net increase (decrease) in net assets...... 47 53 33 29 17 44
NET ASSETS:
Beginning of year.......................... 311 258 225 278 261 217
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
End of year................................ $ 358 $ 311 $ 258 $ 307 $ 278 $ 261
-
-
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
SA-6
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 -- ORGANIZATION
The Group VEL Account (Group VEL) is a separate investment account of First
Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company (the Company), established on
November 13, 1996 (initial investment by the Company occurred on May 1, 1995),
for the purpose of separating from the general assets of the Company those
assets used to fund the variable portion of certain flexible premium variable
life policies issued by the Company. The Company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Allmerica Financial Corporation (AFC). Under applicable insurance law, the
assets and liabilities of Group VEL are clearly identified and distinguished
from the other assets and liabilities of the Company. Group VEL cannot be
charged with liabilities arising out of any other business of the Company.
Group VEL is registered as a unit investment trust under the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). Group VEL currently offers
forty-one Sub-Accounts. In addition to the Sub-Accounts disclosed on the
Statements of Assets and Liabilities, Group VEL established twenty-one
additional Sub-Accounts effective December 15, 1998. The initial public offering
of these Sub-Accounts did not occur in 1998, therefore, these Sub-Accounts are
not included in the financial statements. Each Sub-Account invests exclusively
in a corresponding investment portfolio of the Allmerica Investment Trust (the
Trust) managed by Allmerica Financial Investment Management Services, Inc.
(AFIMS) (successor to Allmerica Investment Management Company, Inc.), a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company; or of the Variable Insurance Products
Fund (Fidelity VIP) or the Variable Insurance Products Fund II (Fidelity VIP II)
or the Variable Insurance Products Fund III (Fidelity VIP III), all of which are
managed by Fidelity Management & Research Company (FMR); or of the T. Rowe Price
International Series, Inc. (T. Rowe Price) managed by Rowe Price-Fleming
International, Inc.; or of The Delaware Group Premium Fund, Inc. (DGPF) managed
by Delaware Management Company or Delaware International Advisers Ltd.; or of
the Mutual Fund Variable Annuity Trust (MFVAT) managed by the Chase Manhattan
Bank, N.A. The Trust, Fidelity VIP, Fidelity VIP II, Fidelity VIP III, T. Rowe
Price, DGPF, and MFVAT (the Funds) are open-end, management investment companies
registered under the 1940 Act.
Effective January 9, 1998, Small-Mid Cap Value Fund was renamed Select Value
Opportunity Fund.
Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform with current
year presentation.
NOTE 2 -- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
INVESTMENTS -- Security transactions are recorded on the trade date.
Investments held by the Sub-Accounts are stated at the net asset value per share
of the respective investment portfolio of the Funds. Net realized gains and
losses on securities sold are determined using the average cost method.
Dividends and capital gain distributions are recorded on the ex-dividend date
and are reinvested in additional shares of the respective investment portfolio
of the Funds at net asset value.
FEDERAL INCOME TAXES -- The Company is taxed as a "life insurance company"
under Subchapter L of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code) and files a
consolidated federal income tax return. The Company anticipates no tax liability
resulting from the operations of Group VEL. Therefore, no provision for income
taxes has been charged against Group VEL.
SA-7
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 3 -- INVESTMENTS
The number of shares owned, aggregate cost, and net asset value per share of
each Sub-Account's investment in the Funds at December 31, 1998 were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PORTFOLIO INFORMATION
---------------------------------
NET ASSET
NUMBER OF AGGREGATE VALUE
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO SHARES COST PER SHARE
- ---------------------------------------- --------- ---------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Growth.................................. 152 $324 $2.825
Investment Grade Income................. 240 256 1.132
Money Market............................ 242 242 1.000
Equity Index............................ 148 259 3.408
Government Bond......................... 242 249 1.068
Select Aggressive Growth................ 158 249 2.460
Select Growth........................... 215 267 2.428
Select Growth and Income................ 235 278 1.779
Select Value Opportunity*............... 221 275 1.685
Select International Equity............. 218 229 1.542
Select Capital Appreciation............. 241 266 1.640
Select Emerging Markets................. -- -- 0.784
Select Strategic Growth................. -- -- 0.973
Fidelity VIP High Income................ 25 275 11.530
Fidelity VIP Equity-Income.............. 15 266 25.420
Fidelity VIP Growth..................... 11 278 44.870
Fidelity VIP Overseas................... 15 248 20.050
Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager........... 20 286 18.160
T. Rowe Price International Stock....... -- -- 14.520
DGPF International Equity............... 19 229 16.480
</TABLE>
* Name changed. See Note 1.
NOTE 4 -- RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
On the date of issue and each monthly payment date thereafter, a monthly
charge is deducted from the policy value to compensate the Company for the cost
of insurance, which varies by policy, the cost of any additional benefits
provided by rider, and a monthly administrative charge. The policyowner may
instruct the Company to deduct this monthly charge from a specific Sub-Account,
but if not so specified, it will be deducted on a pro-rata basis of allocation
which is the same proportion that the policy value in the General Account of the
Company and in each Sub-Account bear to the total policy value.
The Company makes a charge of up to 0.90% per annum based on the average
daily net asset value of each certificate (certificate value) in each
Sub-Account for mortality and expense risks. This charge may be different
between groups and increased or decreased within a group, subject to compliance
with applicable state and federal requirements, but the total charge may not
exceed 0.90% per annum. During the first 10 policy years, the Company may charge
up to 0.25% per annum based on the certificate value in each Sub-Account for
administrative expenses. These expenses are included in insurance and other
charges on the statements of operations and changes in net assets.
SA-8
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 4 -- RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)
Allmerica Investments, Inc. (Allmerica Investments), a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Company, is principal underwriter and general distributor of
Group VEL, and does not receive any compensation for sales of Group VEL
policies. Commissions are paid to registered representatives of Allmerica
Investments and to independent broker-dealers by the Company. The current series
of policies have a surrender charge and no deduction is made for sales charges
at the time of the sale. For the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996,
there were no surrender charges applicable to Group VEL.
NOTE 5 -- DIVERSIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
Under the provisions of Section 817(h) of the Code, a variable life
insurance policy, other than a policy issued in connection with certain types of
employee benefit plans, will not be treated as a variable life insurance policy
for federal income tax purposes for any period for which the investments of the
segregated asset account on which the policy is based are not adequately
diversified. The Code provides that the "adequately diversified" requirement may
be met if the underlying investments satisfy either a statutory safe harbor test
or diversification requirements set forth in regulations issued by the Secretary
of The Treasury.
The Internal Revenue Service has issued regulations under Section 817(h) of
the Code. The Company believes that Group VEL satisfies the current requirements
of the regulations, and it intends that Group VEL will continue to meet such
requirements.
SA-9
<PAGE>
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 6 -- PURCHASES AND SALES OF SECURITIES
Cost of purchases and proceeds from sales of shares of the Funds by Group
VEL during the year ended December 31, 1998 were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO PURCHASES SALES
- ------------------------------------------------------- --------- -----
<S> <C> <C>
Growth................................................. $ 8 $ --
Investment Grade Income................................ 15 --
Money Market........................................... 12 --
Equity Index........................................... 17 --
Government Bond........................................ 14 --
Select Aggressive Growth............................... -- --
Select Growth.......................................... 4 --
Select Growth and Income............................... 6 --
Select Value Opportunity*.............................. 4 --
Select International Equity............................ 4 --
Select Capital Appreciation............................ 60 --
Select Emerging Markets................................ -- --
Select Strategic Growth................................ -- --
Fidelity VIP High Income............................... 34 --
Fidelity VIP Equity-Income............................. 23 --
Fidelity VIP Growth.................................... 49 --
Fidelity VIP Overseas.................................. 21 --
Fidelity VIP II Asset Manager.......................... 40 --
T. Rowe Price International Stock...................... -- --
DGPF International Equity.............................. 11 --
--------- -----
Totals............................................... $322 $ --
--------- -----
--------- -----
</TABLE>
* Name changed. See Note 1.
SA-10
<PAGE>
PART II
UNDERTAKING TO FILE REPORTS
Subject to the terms and conditions of Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to file with the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") such supplementary and periodic
information, documents, and reports as may be prescribed by any rule or
regulation of the SEC heretofore or hereafter duly adopted pursuant to authority
conferred in that section.
RULE 484 UNDERTAKING
To the fullest extent permissible under Massachusetts General Laws, no director
should be personally liable to the Company or any policyholder for monetary
damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director, notwithstanding any
provisions of law to the contrary; provided, however, that this provision shall
not eliminate or limit the liability of a director;
1. for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Company or its
policyholders;
2. for acts or omissions not in good faith, or which involve intentional
misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
3. for liability, if any, imposed on directors of mutual insurance companies
pursuant to M.G.L.A. c. 156B Section 61 or M.G.L.A. c. 156B Section 63;
4. for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal
benefit.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the 1933 Act may be
permitted to Directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant
pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event
that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the
payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a Director, officer or
controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action,
suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person
in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless
in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether
such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act
and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
REPRESENTATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 26(e) OF THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
The Company hereby represents that the aggregate fees and charges under the
Policy are reasonable in relation to the services rendered, the expenses
expected to be incurred, and the risks assumed by the Company.
<PAGE>
CONTENTS OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
This registration statement comprises the following papers and documents:
The facing sheet
Cross-references for Prospectuses A, B, C to items required by Form
N-8B-2
Prospectus A consists of ___ pages
Prospectus B consists of ___ pages
Prospectus C consists of ___ pages
The undertaking to file reports
The undertaking pursuant to Rule 484 under the 1933 Act
Representations pursuant to Section 26(e) of the 1940 Act
The signatures
Written consents of the following persons:
1. Actuarial Consent
1. Opinion of Counsel
2. Consent of Independent Accountants
The following exhibits:
1. Exhibits (Exhibits required by paragraph A of the instructions to Form
N-8B-2)
(1) Certified copy of Resolutions of the Board of Directors of the
Company of November 22, 1993 authorizing the VEL Group Account
was previously filed in Registrant's Initial Registration
Statement in June, 1996 ,and is incorporated by reference herein.
(2) Not Applicable.
(3) (a) Underwriting and Administrative Services Agreement between
the Company and Allmerica Investments, Inc. was previously
filed on April 16, 1998 in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4,
and is incorporated by reference herein.
(b) Registered Representatives/Agents Agreement was previously
filed on April 16, 1998 in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4,
and is incorporated by reference herein.
(c) Sales Agreements with broker-dealers were previously filed
on April 16, 1998 in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and are
incorporated by reference herein.
(d) Sales Agreement with Chase was previously filed on April 16,
1998 in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and is incorporated
by reference herein.
(e) Commission Schedule was previously filed on April 16, 1998
in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and is incorporated by
reference herein.
(f) General Agents Agreement was previously filed on April 16,
1998 in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and is incorporated
by reference herein.
(g) Career Agents Agreement was previously filed on April 16,
1998 in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and is incorporated
by reference herein.
<PAGE>
(h) Form of Delaware Wholesaling Agreement was previously filed
on December 15, 1998 in Post-Effective Amendment No. 6, and
is incorporated by reference herein.
(4) Not Applicable.
(5) Policy and Policy riders were previously filed on April 16, 1998
in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and are incorporated by
reference herein.
(6) Company's Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws were
previously filed in Registrant's initial Registration Statement,
and are incorporated by reference herein.
(7) Not Applicable.
(8) (a) Participation Agreement with Allmerica Investment Trust was
previously filed on April 16, 1998 in Post-Effective
Amendment No. 4, and is incorporated by reference herein.
(b) Participation Agreement with Variable Insurance Products
Fund was previously filed in initial Registration Statement
in June, 1996 and is incorporated by reference herein.
Amendment to Participation Agreement with Variable Insurance
Products Fund was previously filed on April 16, 1998 in
Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and is incorporated by
reference herein.
(c) Participation Agreement with Variable Insurance Products
Fund II was previously filed in initial Registration
Statement in June, 1996 and is incorporated by reference
herein. Amendment to Participation Agreement with Variable
Insurance Products Fund II was previously filed on April 16,
1998 in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and is incorporated
by reference herein.
(d) Form of Participation Agreement with Variable Insurance
Products Funds III was previously filed on October 15, 1998
in Post-Effective Amendment No. 5, and is incorporated by
reference herein.
(e) Form of Amendment to Participation Agreement with Delaware
Group Premium Fund, Inc. was previously filed on December
15, 1998 in Post-Effective Amendment No. 6, and is
incorporated by reference herein.
(f) Participation Agreement with T. Rowe Price International
Series, Inc. was previously filed in Initial Registration
Statement in June, 1996, and is incorporated by reference
herein.
(g) Fidelity Services Agreement, effective as of November 1,
1995, was previously filed on April 30, 1996 in
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1, and is incorporated by
reference herein.
(h) An Amendment to the Fidelity Service Agreement, effective as
of January 1, 1997, was previously filed on April 30, 1997
in Post-Effective Amendment No. 1, and is incorporated by
reference herein.
(i) Fidelity Service Contract, effective as of January 1, 1997,
was previously filed on April 30, 1997 in Post-Effective
Amendment No. 1, and is incorporated by reference herein.
<PAGE>
(j) Service Agreement with Rowe Price-Fleming International,
Inc. was previously filed on April 16, 1998 in
Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and is incorporated by
reference herein.
(k) Participation Agreement with INVESCO was previously filed on
April 16, 1998 in Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and is
incorporated by reference herein.
(l) Form of Participation Agreement with Mutual Fund Variable
Annuity Trust was previously filed on December 15, 1998 in
Post-Effective Amendment No. 6, and is incorporated by
reference herein.
(9) Directors' Power of Attorney is filed herewith.
(10) Amended Application was previously filed on April 16, 1998 in
Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and is incorporated by reference
herein.
2. Policy and Policy riders were previously filed on April 16, 1998 in
Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and are incorporated by reference
herein.
3. Opinion of Counsel is filed herewith.
4. Not Applicable.
5. Not Applicable.
6. Actuarial Consent is filed herewith.
7. Procedures Memorandum pursuant to Rule 6e-3(T)(b)(12)(iii) under the
1940 Act, which includes conversion procedures pursuant to Rule
6e-3(T)(b)(13)(v)(B), was previously filed in Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 1 on June 7, 1996 and is incorporated by reference herein.
8. Consent of Independent Accountants is filed herewith.
9. Directors' Power of Attorney is filed herewith.
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment
Company Act of 1940 the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the
requirements for effectiveness of this Post-Effective Amendment to the
Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933
and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement
to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized, in the
City of Worcester, and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the 2nd day of April,
1999.
GROUP VEL ACCOUNT
OF FIRST ALLMERICA FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
By: /s/ Abigail M. Armstrong
-------------------------------
Abigail M. Armstrong, Secretary
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Post-Effective
Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following
persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
SIGNATURES TITLE DATE
---------- ----- ----
/s/ Warren E. Barnes Vice President and Corporate April 2, 1999
------------------------ Controller
Warren E. Barnes
/s/ Edward J. Parry Director, Vice President, Chief
------------------------ Financial Officer and Treasurer April 2, 1999
Edward J. Parry III
/s/ Richard M. Reilly Director and Vice President
------------------------ April 2, 1999
Richard M. Reilly
John F. O'Brien* Director, President and Chief April 2, 1999
------------------------ Executive Officer
Bruce C. Anderson* Director and Vice President April 2, 1999
------------------------
Robert E. Bruce* Director, Vice President and April 2, 1999
------------------------ Chief Information Officer
John P. Kavanaugh* Director, Vice President and April 2, 1999
------------------------ Chief Investment Officer
John F. Kelly* Director, Senior Vice President April 2, 1999
------------------------ and General Counsel
J. Barry May* Director April 2, 1999
------------------------
James R. McAuliffe* Director April 2, 1999
------------------------
Robert P. Restrepo, Jr.* Director and Vice President April 2, 1999
------------------------
Eric A. Simonsen* Director and Vice President April 2, 1999
------------------------
Phillip E. Soule* Director and Vice President April 2, 1999
------------------------
Sheila B. St. Hilaire, by signing her name hereto, does hereby sign this
document on behalf of each of the above-named Directors and Officers of the
Registrant pursuant to the Power of Attorney dated April 1, 1999 duly executed
by such persons.
/s/ Sheila B. St. Hilaire
- ---------------------------------------
Sheila B. St. Hilaire, Attorney-in-Fact
(333-06383)
<PAGE>
FORM S-6 EXHIBIT TABLE
Exhibit 1(9) Director's Power of Attorney
Exhibit 3 Opinion of Counsel
Exhibit 6 Actuarial Consent
Exhibit 8 Consent of Independent Accountants
<PAGE>
POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned, hereby severally constitute and appoint Richard M. Reilly,
John F. Kelly, Joseph W. MacDougall, Jr., and Sheila B. St. Hilaire, and each of
them singly, our true and lawful attorneys, with full power to them and each of
them, to sign for us, and in our names and in any and all capacities, any and
all amendments, including post-effective amendments, to the Registration
Statements on Form S-6 of VEL II Account, Group VEL Account, Inheiritage Account
and Allmerica Select Separate Account II of First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto, and other
documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission,
granting unto said attorneys and each of them, acting alone, full power and
authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary
to be done in the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she
might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said
attorneys or any of them may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Witness our hands on the date set forth below.
Signature Title Date
- --------- ----- ----
/s/ John F. O'Brien Director, President and Chief Executive 4/1/99
- ------------------------------ Officer ------
John F. O'Brien
/s/ Bruce C. Anderson Director and Vice President 4/1/99
- ------------------------------ ------
Bruce C. Anderson
/s/ Robert E. Bruce Director, Vice President and 4/1/99
- ------------------------------ Chief Information Officer ------
Robert E. Bruce
/s/ John P. Kavanaugh Director, Vice President and 4/1/99
- ------------------------------ Chief Investment Officer ------
John P. Kavanaugh
/s/ John F. Kelly Director, Senior Vice President and 4/1/99
- ------------------------------ General Counsel ------
John F. Kelly
/s/ J. Barry May Director 4/1/99
- ------------------------------ ------
J. Barry May
/s/ James R. McAuliffe Director 4/1/99
- ------------------------------ ------
James R. McAuliffe
/s/ Edward J. Parry, III Director, Vice President, Chief 4/1/99
- ------------------------------ Financial Officer and Treasurer ------
Edward J. Parry, III
/s/ Richard M. Reilly Director and Vice President 4/1/99
- ------------------------------ ------
Richard M. Reilly
/s/ Robert P. Restrepo, Jr. Director and Vice President 4/1/99
- ------------------------------ ------
Robert P. Restrepo, Jr.
/s/ Eric A. Simonsen
- ------------------------------ Director and Vice President 4/1/99
Eric A. Simonsen ------
/s/ Phillip E. Soule Director and Vice President 4/1/99
- ------------------------------ ------
Phillip E. Soule
<PAGE>
April 1, 1999
First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company
440 Lincoln Street
Worcester MA 01653
RE: GROUP VEL ACCOUNT OF FIRST ALLMERICA
FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
FILE NO.'S: 333-06383 AND 811-7663
Gentlemen:
In my capacity as Assistant Vice President and Counsel of First Allmerica
Financial Life Insurance Company (the "Company"), I have participated in the
preparation of this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement for
the Group VEL Account on Form S-6 under the Securities Act of 1933 with respect
to the Company's group flexible premium variable life insurance policies.
I am of the following opinion:
1. The Group VEL Account is a separate account of the Company validly existing
pursuant to the Massachusetts Insurance Code and the regulations issued
thereunder.
2. The assets held in the Group VEL Account equal to the reserves and other
Policy liabilities of the Policies which are supported by the Group VEL
Account are not chargeable with liabilities arising out of any other
business the Company may conduct.
3. The group flexible premium variable life insurance policies, when issued in
accordance with the Prospectuses contained in the Post-Effective Amendment
to the Registration Statement and upon compliance with applicable local
law, will be legal and binding obligations of the Company in accordance
with their terms and when sold will be legally issued, fully paid and
non-assessable.
In arriving at the foregoing opinion, I have made such examination of law and
examined such records and other documents as in my judgment are necessary or
appropriate.
I hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to this
Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement of the Group VEL Account
on Form S-6 filed under the Securities Act of 1933.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Sheila B. St. Hilaire
Sheila B. St. Hilaire
Assistant Vice President and Counsel
<PAGE>
April 1, 1999
First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company
440 Lincoln Street
Worcester, MA 01653
RE: GROUP VEL ACCOUNT OF FIRST ALLMERICA
FINANCIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
FILE NO.'S: 333-06383 AND 811-7663
Gentlemen:
This opinion is furnished in connection with the filing by First Allmerica
Financial Life Insurance Company of the Post-Effective Amendment to the
Registration Statement on Form S-6 of its group premium variable life insurance
policies ("Policies") allocated to the Group VEL Account under the Securities
Act of 1933. The Prospectus included in this Post-Effective Amendment to the
Registration Statement describe the Policies. I am familiar with and have
provided actuarial advice concerning the preparation of the Post-Effective
Amendment to the Registration Statement, including exhibits.
In my professional opinion, the illustrations of death benefits and cash values
included in Appendix C of the Prospectuses, based on the assumptions stated in
the illustrations, are consistent with the provisions of the Policy. The rate
structure of the Policies has not been designed so as to make the relationship
between premiums and benefits, as shown in the illustrations, appear more
favorable to a prospective purchaser of a Policy for a person age 30 or a person
age 45 than to prospective purchasers of Policies for people at other ages or
underwriting classes.
I am also of the opinion that the aggregate fees and charges under the Policy
are reasonable in relation to the services rendered, the expenses expected to be
incurred, and the risks assumed by the Company
I hereby consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Post-Effective
Amendment of the Registration Statement.
Sincerely,
/s/ Kevin G. Finneran
Kevin G. Finneran, ASA, MAAA
Assistant Vice President and Actuary
<PAGE>
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We hereby consent to the use in the Prospectus constituting part of this
Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registration Statement of Group VEL
Account of First Allmerica Financial Life Insurance Company on Form S-6 of
our report dated February 2, 1999, except for paragraph 2 of Note 18 and
Note 20, which are as of March 19, 1999 and April 1, 1999, respectively,
relating to the financial statements of First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company, and our report dated March 26, 1999, relating to the
financial statements of Group VEL Account of First Allmerica Financial Life
Insurance Company, both of which appear in such Prospectus. We also consent
to the reference to us under the heading "Independent Accountants" in such
Prospectus.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
April 22, 1999