SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998 Commission File Number: 0-26380
PIXTECH, INC.
(exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 04-3214691
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification Number)
Avenue Olivier Perroy, 13790 Rousset, France
(Address of principal executive offices including zip code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code:
011-33- (0) 4-42-29-10-00
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange
on which registered
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
None None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $.01 Par Value
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
YES _X_ NO___
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K.
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant as of March 1st, 1999 was: $28,522,891.
There were 15,150,329 shares of the registrant's Common Stock outstanding
as of March 1st, 1999.
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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the definitive proxy statement of the Registrant for the
Registrant's 1999 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on or about April
27, 1999 which definitive proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the registrant's fiscal year
of December 31, 1998, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form
10-K.
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Item 1. Business
General
PixTech, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in November 1993 as the parent
company of PixTech S.A., a French corporation formed in June 1992. The Company's
principal executive offices are located at Avenue Olivier Perroy, 13790,
Rousset, France. The Company's main telephone numbers are 011-33-(0)442-29-10-00
and (408) 986-8868.
PixTech is dedicated to commercializing its field emission displays
("FED"). The company expects that FEDs will provide higher viewing quality,
lower manufacturing costs and more efficient power consumption than current flat
panel display technologies.
In 1992, the Company exclusively licensed key patents from an electronics
research institute, Laboratoire d'Electronique, de Technologie et
d'Instrumentation ("LETI"), and, since then, focused on advancing FED technology
toward high volume manufacturing and wide market acceptance.
Since the Company was established, its strategy has been to minimize the
commitment of its financial resources by leveraging the expertise and resources
of other parties. Initially, this strategy was applied to the area of
fundamental research, manufacturing process and product development. The Company
licensed its technology to some display manufacturers, including Motorola, Inc.
("Motorola") and Futaba Corporation (Japan) ("Futaba"). With the market
introduction of its first commercial displays, the Company is now employing the
same strategy for manufacturing and distributing its products.
During 1998, the Company succeeded in achieving a significant increase in
pilot manufacturing yields, thus leading to increased shipments of its products
from its pilot plant. The Company also advanced the transfer and adaptation of
its manufacturing processes to its Taiwanese manufacturing partner, Unipac
Optoelectronics Corporation (<< Unipac >>), and was able to initiate shipments
from Unipac to its customers in the later part of the year. During 1998, the
Company supplied more than 1,000 FED displays to its main customer Zoll Medical
Inc. ("Zoll Medical"), a manufacturer of portable medical equipment. To date, no
other FED competitor's product has yet reached the stage of being incorporated
in an end-user product. In addition, the Company successfully demonstrated the
world's first 15-inch color FED display prototype, thus keeping a leadership
position in FED technology development.
The Company is currently focused on (i) increasing production yields and
capacities with Unipac, (ii) expanding its customer base and product offering
and (iii) further developing large-size displays based on FED technology.
The Flat Panel Display Market
According to Stanford Resources, Inc. (<< SRI >>), a market research
organization, the market for flat panel displays (<< FPD s >>) is expanding
rapidly and projected to grow from $13.8 bn in 1998 to $20.6 bn in 2002. The
Company expects FEDs to penetrate the existing FPD market by offering better
viewing quality than existing technologies, such as active matrix liquid crystal
displays ("AMLCDs"), at similar manufacturing costs.
The strong growth of the FPD market is expected to be driven by the
continued proliferation of products requiring FPDs, including desktop computers,
car navigation systems, hand-held computers, and instrumentation. The Company
expects advanced display applications requiring full color and video to become
more prevalent over the next few years. FEDs may also offer an alternative
technology in markets which are currently only served by cathode ray tubes
("CRTs") due to performance requirements such as brightness or range of
operating temperature. Thus the Company believes the CRT replacement market
should also be considered as an opportunity for its FEDs.
Laptop computers constitute the largest single market for FPDs. However,
much of the growth in the computer FPD market will be driven by desktop and
handheld computers.
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The Company believes that emerging FED technology has the potential to
address many of the shortcomings of AMLCDs.
The following table summarizes some of the differentiating characteristics
of CRT, AMLCD and FED technologies(1):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Characteristics CRT AMLCD FED
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Viewing angle Very wide horizontal Wide horizontal, Very wide horizontal
and vertical limited vertical and vertical
Video speed High speed over full Adequate speed over High speed over full
temperature range limited temperature temperature range
range
Brightness range From low to very From low to From low to very
high, easy to dim medium, limited high, easy to dim
dimming capabilities
Dynamic range * High Limited High
Operating Wide range Limited range due to Wide range and instant-on at low temperature
temperature liquid crystal
behavior
Power consumption High Current industry Comparable to
standard current industry
standard
Manufacturability Mature process Complex process Early stage of manufacturing development
offering lowest cost Fewer process steps
than AMLCD
</TABLE>
* Dynamic range results from a combination of contrast and peak brightness.
- --------
(1) The information set forth in this table is based upon the Company's
assessment of existing CRT and AMLCD products when compared to FED products and
prototypes manufactured at PixTech's pilot plant. No assurance can be given that
FEDs, if manufactured in commercial quantities, will achieve such performance
characteristics on a cost-effective basis.
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Strategy
The Company has adopted a unique growth strategy to commercialize its
proprietary FED technology. Key elements of this strategy include:
Manufacturing: the short path to high volume. As the shortest path to high
volume production, the PixTech manufacturing strategy relies on a high-volume
manufacturing source in Taiwan.
PixTech entered into a contract-manufacturing agreement with Unipac, an
AMLCD manufacturer based in Taiwan in 1997. During 1998, the Company installed
FED specific equipment required to complement Unipac's AMLCD manufacturing plant
and transferred and started adjustment of all of its proprietary FED
manufacturing processes, leading, in October 1998, to the successful delivery to
PixTech's customers of the first FED displays manufactured in Taiwan. While
current shipments by Unipac of FEDs are still minimal, the Company expects that
Unipac will be successful in increasing manufacturing yields in 1999 and that
therefore display shipments from Unipac will exceed several thousand units per
month by the end of 1999.
Marketing: from monochrome to color products. With the delivery of more
than 1,000 of its monochrome displays to its customers in 1998, PixTech reached
a new stage toward wide market acceptance of Field Emission Displays. As
products manufactured by Unipac become more available, PixTech anticipates to
receive volume orders for high-margin low to medium volume applications mostly
in the medical and industrial market segments to initiate growth of its product
revenues. To significantly increase its market penetration, PixTech designed its
first color product, targeted for high-growth high-volume market segments, where
FED benefits are expected to bring high performance, cost competitive products
to end-users. These segments will include navigation and video displays for
transportation markets, as well as handheld personal computers ("HPCs"), where
display performance is a recognized bottleneck to market expansion.
Research and development: a vision towards large screens. The Company
believes that its proprietary technology can evolve toward displays of 15 inches
and larger, offering CRT-like viewing quality and competitive manufacturing
costs. In 1998, the Company demonstrated the world's first 15-inch color field
emission display prototype, which it developed together with a major Japanese
CRT manufacturer. The Company actively seeks additional cooperation partners to
accelerate the program and bring large screen products to the market.
Intellectual Property: a comprehensive patent portfolio. Shortly after the
company was founded, PixTech spearheaded the creation of a cooperative program
between PixTech, Motorola, Raytheon, Texas Instruments and Futaba (Japan) to
advance FED technology. Due to this program, as of December 1998, PixTech held
or had a license to approximately 1,022 patents and pending applications, of
which approximately 628 patents are counterparts in various jurisdictions of
originally filed patents.
Manufacturing
Outsourcing high-volume manufacturing. In 1997, the Company chose to
partner with Unipac, because much of the equipment used for FED manufacturing is
common to the AMLCD manufacturing process. In doing so, PixTech is able to
leverage both Unipac's installed base of equipment as well as extensive
expertise in the production of displays.
In 1998, the Company installed all of the FED-specific equipment needed to
complement Unipac's AMLCD manufacturing plant. The Company currently transfers
its FED manufacturing processes, and started qualification of the first displays
manufactured in Taiwan. While current shipments by Unipac of FEDs are still
minimal, the Company expects that it will be successful in increasing
manufacturing yields in 1999 and therefore that display shipments from Unipac
will exceed several thousand units per month by the end of 1999. However, the
Company does not expect to generate positive gross margins on the sale of its
displays by the end of 1999.
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Under the foundry agreement with Unipac, PixTech will purchase displays
from Unipac on a cost plus basis during the initial production period. After the
startup phase of manufacturing, PixTech and Unipac will determine a unit price
per display on a quarterly basis, which is expected to decrease over time to
take into account yield and process improvements. The Company intends to
implement profit-sharing mechanisms with Unipac, so that Unipac will be
motivated to seek continuous manufacturing improvement to reduce cost.
Manufacturing Engineering. PixTech's pilot production line in Montpellier
currently supports early deliveries to customers ahead of volume production
requirements. It is also being used to streamline manufacturing processes,
develop new products and refine FED technology. After start-up of volume
production at Unipac, the pilot production line will be used to support market
introduction of color displays and development of large displays using high
voltage technology.
The Company's pilot facility has approximately 31,100 square feet (2,900
square meters) of space and contains approximately 10,900 square feet (1,000
square meters) of clean room ranging from class 10 to class 1000. As of December
31, 1998, the Company had 136 employees engaged in process development and pilot
production at this facility.
Products
PixTech's current product is a 5.2-inch monochrome display. The Company
expects to sell the first samples of its full color 5.6-inch display during the
first half of 1999. In addition, the Company intends to expand its product range
within the 4 to 8 inch display market segment.
Marketing and sales
Target segments: The Company is currently marketing its displays directly
to original equipment manufacturers ("OEM") and system integrators in the
instrumentation, medical, and transportation market segments where the benefits
of the Company's products are highly valued. The Company has not targeted
certain segments of the market, such as the computer laptop display market,
which are large but extremely price competitive, and consumer markets. The
Company believes that as it is still early in FED manufacturing learning curve,
it would not be able to compete effectively on price with well established LCD
manufacturers.
Pricing: The Company believes that FED screens will provide significant
quality and operational advantages compared with competing flat panel displays.
To allow fast market penetration, the Company's current pricing strategy is,
however, to offer its displays with better viewing quality at similar prices to
competing products.
Distribution and Sales: PixTech intends to achieve sales coverage through a
combination of the following: (i) its own sales and marketing force which will
address major OEM customers in the US and in Europe, (ii) a network of sales
representatives to expand coverage mainly in the US, and (iii) a network of
distributors to address specific areas of the worldwide market and to offer
technical and commercial customer support. The Company has granted exclusive
distribution rights to Sumitomo Corporation ("Sumitomo") in Japan. In 1999, the
Company intends to progress on its efforts to conclude non exclusive
distribution agreements for both the United States and Europe, in order to
expand market reach in a cost effective manner.
Customers: To date, the Company has sold samples of its displays to more
than one hundred customers, mostly based in the United states and in Europe.
During 1998, the Company shipped a large part of its products to Zoll Medical
Corporation, a US medical equipment manufacturer which markets a portable
defibrillator incorporating PixTech's FEDs. The Company received a purchase
order to deliver 50,000 displays to Zoll Medical over 5 years. Zoll Medical uses
the screens as a key differentiator against competing products using LCD
screens, emphasizing some of the key characteristics of FEDs, including
brightness and viewing angle. The Company has started negotiations with targets
for customer base expansion and believes that it can book new orders when units
shipments from Taiwan exceed deliveries to Zoll Medical.
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Technology
The basic principle used in FEDs is the same as in conventional CRTs. In
both technologies, electrons are extracted from a source (the "cathode") and
collected by a phosphor-coated screen (the "anode") held at positive voltage to
accelerate electrons. The electrons travel in a vacuum between the cathode and
the anode. The phosphor coating is a cathodoluminescent material, meaning that
it emits light when hit by electrons. Color is created by using different
colored phosphors and by directing the electrons so that they address each
different color phosphor separately.
In an FED, each picture element (a "pixel") on the screen has multiple
electron sources from an array of electron-emitting microtips. The emitting
cathode surface, organized into a matrix of rows and columns, is held closely to
the receiving anode. Selection of cathode row and column voltages determines
which pixel will be illuminated.
An FED color display can be designed using either a low voltage or high
voltage structure between anode and cathode. The advantages of a high voltage
anode structure are that well characterized CRT phosphors can be used, with high
luminous efficiency. The potential drawbacks are that the use of high
voltage--at least 5,000 volts--between cathode and anode may lead to the
occurrence of uncontrolled flash-over, limiting the useful life of such high
voltage devices. Furthermore, spacer materials, glass sealing manufacturing
steps and driving electronics may be more costly for high-voltage FEDs.
PixTech's cathode technology can be incorporated with equal performance and
cost effectiveness in the design of high voltage FEDs for large screen
applications or low voltage FEDs for smaller screen applications. PixTech
believes that the low voltage switched-anode technology is the most cost
effective solution for displays of 12 inches or less, and that high voltage FED
technology, with further development, could address larger performance
requirements.
Research and Development
The Company is focusing its research and development programs in three
areas: (i) display performance enhancement (ii) manufacturing efficiency and
(iii) scaling-up of the technology to 15-inch and larger displays.
Display Performance Enhancement. Key elements of display performance are
brightness, lifetime, and power efficiency. PixTech is seeking to balance
luminous efficiency with power efficiency to produce bright, but low
power-consumption displays. Display reliability is heavily dependent upon the
manufacturing process used in assembling the displays as well as upon the
characteristics of the phosphors used on the anode. The Company is working to
make further advances in phosphors and related manufacturing technologies.
Manufacturing efficiency and costs. Improvements in manufacturing
efficiency can be obtained by simplifying manufacturing processes and reducing
specific equipment costs. PixTech has recently been focusing on simplifying the
assembly process to achieve equipment and material cost reduction associated
with these steps.
Large Display Development. The Company conducts a development program to
demonstrate the large display (15-inch and larger) capability of FED technology
with the goal of addressing the desktop monitor replacement market. The Company
has strengthened this program through collaboration with a major Japanese CRT
manufacturer.
A portion of the Company's research and development activities is carried
out at LETI, a laboratory under the CEA. The Research and Development Agreement
between Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique ("CEA") and PixTech (the "LETI
Research Agreement") provides for the Company and CEA to fund equally
FED-related research and development activities at LETI. in the FED field (the
"Program"). The LETI Research Agreement provides for CEA to perform this
research and development work exclusively for PixTech.
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The Company's research and development expenses in the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1998 were $19.4 million, as compared to $15.5 million in 1997.
PixTech's licensing program
Between 1993 and 1995, PixTech entered into bilateral cooperation and
license agreement with Motorola, Futaba, Raytheon and Texas Instruments to
advance FED technology. These agreements provided each of these companies with a
license, subject to certain limitations, to all FED technology owned by PixTech,
LETI and the other parties. These agreements gave PixTech a royalty-free license
to any FED technology held within the group at the term of the agreements, with
certain rights to sublicense. In addition, PixTech received milestone revenues
under these agreements during the cooperation phase. The agreement with Texas
Instruments was terminated in March 1996, but PixTech maintains its license to
Texas Instruments' FED technology. The Company believes that one of its existing
licensees, Raytheon Company, may have suspended its internal program to develop
FEDs.
Although the cooperation phases of these agreements have all ended, PixTech
is granted royalty-free licenses to all FED technology held by each other party
at the end of each respective cooperation period, with certain rights to
sublicense. PixTech is also entitled to royalties on future sales by any of
these licensees of any FED products which are based on PixTech's technology.
Futaba and Motorola are currently operating their own FED manufacturing
plant in Mobara (Japan) and Tempe, Arizona, respectively, and publicly announced
their intention to introduce FED products in the market.
Competition
The market for flat panel display products is intensely competitive. It is
currently dominated by LCD technology. LCD manufacturers, such as Sharp, NEC and
Hitachi, have substantially greater name recognition and financial,
technological, marketing and other resources than PixTech, and continue to make
substantial investments in improving LCD technology, manufacturing processes and
in manufacturing facilities. The recent increase in world-wide manufacturing
capacity of FPDs and the entrance of new competitors in the FPD market have
caused over-supply conditions leading to dramatic reductions in the price of
FPDs over the last few years. In order to effectively compete, PixTech could be
required to continuously increase the performance of its products and to reduce
prices. In the event of price reductions, the Company's ability to maintain
gross margins would depend on its ability to reduce its cost of sales.
There are a number of domestic and international companies developing and
marketing display devices using alternative technologies, such as PMLCDs,
AMLCDs, vacuum fluorescent displays, electroluminescent panels, and plasma
panels.
The Company has ended its cooperation phase with both Futaba and Motorola
in January 1997 and June 1998, respectively and is aware of significant
continued investments in FED technology development by each of them. In the
future, the Company expects to face competition from both of them. In addition,
some of the basic FED technology is in the public domain and, as a result, the
Company has a number of potential direct competitors developing FED displays.
The Company is aware of several other companies which are developing FED
technologies similar to that of the Company, including but not limited to, Sony,
Fujitsu, and Samsung as well as smaller organizations, including Candescent, FED
Corporation, Micron Display Division, a division of Micron Display Technology,
and SI Diamond Technology Incorporated. Many of these companies have made, and
may continue to make, significant advancements to their FED technology.
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Although the Company has proprietary rights to significant technological
advances in FED technology, its technology and products are still in development
stage. There can be no assurance that such potential competitors have not
developed or will not develop comparable or superior FED technology. Many of
these developers of alternative FPD and competing FED technologies have
substantially greater name recognition and financial, research and development,
manufacturing and marketing resources than the Company, and have made and
continue to make substantial investments in improving their technologies and
manufacturing processes. In the event efforts by the Company's competitors
result in the development of products that offer significant advantages over the
Company's products, and the Company is unable to improve its technology or
develop or acquire alternative technology that is more competitive, the Company
would be adversely affected.
Patents and Trade Secrets
As of December 31, 1998, the Company held or had license to 217 U.S.
patents and 92 pending U.S. patent applications. The Company also actively
pursues foreign patent protection in countries of interest to the Company. As of
December 31, 1998, the Company had filed, or was licensed under, 85 patent
applications in foreign countries.
The Company's fundamental technology was developed by LETI and licensed to
PixTech in 1992. Under the LETI License Agreement, which has a term of twenty
years, CEA granted the Company an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license,
with right to sub-license, of all FED technology developed by CEA (including
LETI).
In addition to the payment of royalties on sales of products incorporating
the licensed technology, the Company must pass through to CEA a percentage of
any royalties on licensed product sales by PixTech's sub-licensees.
Employees
As of December 31, 1998, the Company had 152 full-time employees, and 20
part-time employees. The average number of employees was 143, 144 and 164 during
1996, 1997 and 1998 respectively. At December 31, 1998, 36 employees were
engaged in research and development, 111 in process development, pilot
production and support of the transfer and adjustment of PixTech's manufacturing
processes to Unipac, 5 in marketing and sales and 20 in general and
administrative functions. The Company's success will depend in large part on its
ability to attract and retain skilled and experienced employees. The Company
considers its relations with its employees to be good.
In addition, as of December 31, 1998, LETI had 10 full-time employees
working exclusively for PixTech's R&D program. Unipac had 33 full-time employees
working exclusively on the start-up of the FED manufacturing and relies on its
manufacturing employees to perform a significant portion of the manufacture of
FEDs. The number of the employees working on the FED manufacturing is expected
to increase significantly in the next 12 months.
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Item 1A. Executive Officers of the Registrant
As of December 31, 1998, the current executive officers of the Company were
as follows:
Name Age Position held with the Company
- ------------------------ --- ------------------------------
Jean-Luc Grand-Clement.. 59 Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board (1)
Dieter Mezger........... 55 President (1)
Francis G. Courreges.... 46 Executive Vice President, Development
Michel Garcia........... 52 Vice President, Industrial Partners
Thomas M. Holzel........ 58 Vice President of Marketing and Sales
Jean-Jacques Louart..... 49 Vice President, Operations
Yves Morel.............. 32 Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
(1) In January 1999, Dieter Mezger was elected Chief Executive Officer and
President of the Company. Jean-Luc Grand-Clement remains Chairman of the Board
of Directors.
Each officer's term of office extends until the first meeting of the Board
of Directors following the next annual meeting of stockholders and until a
successor is elected and qualified.
Jean-Luc Grand-Clement, a co-founder of the Company, has served as Chairman
of the Board of Directors since the Company's inception in 1992 and served as
President and Chief Executive Officer through March 1998 and January 1999,
respectively. Prior to founding the Company, Mr. Grand-Clement co-founded
European Silicon Structures ("ES2"), a European applications specific integrated
circuit supplier for cell based and full custom CMOS products, and served as
Chief Executive Officer and then as Chairman of the Board of Directors of ES2
from its founding in 1985 until 1991. From 1967 to 1978 and from 1982 to 1985,
Mr. Grand-Clement held various positions with Motorola, Inc., most recently as
Vice-President and Assistant General Manager of the Motorola European
Semiconductor Group from 1983 to 1985. From 1978 to 1982, Mr. Grand-Clement was
the Managing Director of Eurotechnique, a MOS semiconductor design and
fabrication joint venture between National Semiconductor and Saint-Gobain. Mr.
Grand-Clement graduated from Ecole Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications
in Paris.
Dieter Mezger joined PixTech in March 1998 as President and was elected
Chief Executive Officer in January 1999. Between 1996 and 1998, Mr. Mezger
worked as a marketing consultant in California. Between 1990 and 1996, Mr.
Mezger was President of Compass Design Automation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of
VLSI Technology, Inc. which develops and markets computer assisted design
software tools for IC designs. From 1984 to 1990, Mr. Mezger established VLSI's
European presence in Munich, building the European marketing and sales
organizations, design centers, R&D operations, as well as its finance and human
resources departments. Mr. Mezger simultaneously built VLSI's wireless and GSM
businesses. Prior to joining VLSI, Mr. Mezger career included fifteen years with
Texas Instruments, where he rose to the position of Manager, Sales and
Marketing, Europe. He holds a BS in engineering from the University of
Stuttgart.
Francis G. Courreges was appointed Executive Vice-President of the Company
in July 1995. Before that, he served as Vice-President of Marketing and
Development of the Company since July 1993. Prior to joining the Company, Mr.
Courreges was a co-founder of ES2, and served as Manager of direct write
technology for MOS and gate array products from 1985 to 1991 and Vice-President
of Marketing from 1991 to 1992. Prior to joining ES2, Mr. Courreges was product
engineering manager at Sierra Semiconductor from 1984 to 1985. He held various
process and product engineering positions at Electronic Arrays from 1977 to
1979, at National Semiconductor, from 1979 to 1980 and at Eurotechnique, from
1980 to 1984. Mr. Courreges graduated from Ecole Nationale Superieure des Arts
et Metiers and holds M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Materials Science from Stanford
University.
Michel Garcia is a co-founder of the Company and was appointed Vice
President, Industrial Partners in August 1995. Before that, he had served as
Vice-President of Equipment Engineering since the Company's inception. In 1986,
Mr. Garcia founded Microsolve, a semiconductor processing equipment company,
which he managed for five years. From 1981 to 1985, he served as operations
manager at Eurotechnique ; from 1979 to 1981, he served as fab process manager
at Eurotechnique; and from 1977 to 1979 he served as a process engineer at
Motorola. In 1970, Mr. Garcia graduated from Ecole Nationale Superieure
d'Electronique et de Radioelectricite de Grenoble, and he received a degree of
Doctor of Microelectronics from Grenoble University.
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Thomas M. Holzel was appointed Vice President of Marketing and Sales of the
Company in July 1995. Mr. Holzel served as Marketing Manager of Display Devices
at Raytheon Company from 1988 to 1995. In 1981, he founded Arcturus, Inc., a
company that developed the first computer compatible large screen displays, and
was president of Arcturus from 1981 to 1988. Prior to that, Mr. Holzel was
Director of Industrial Marketing at Advent Corporation. Mr. Holzel holds an
economics degree from Dartmouth College.
Jean-Jacques Louart joined PixTech in May 1997 as Vice-President of
Operations. Mr. Louart served as Quality Director of LX Management, a consultant
agency, from 1995 to 1997. From 1993 to 1995, he was president of SIP, an
equipment engineering company. Prior to that, Mr. Louart spent 18 years with
IBM, holding process and manufacturing management positions. Mr. Louart
graduated from << Ecole de l'Air >> and holds a management degree from CPA,
Paris.
Yves Morel joined the Company in April 1994 as Director of Finance and
Administration. He was promoted to Chief Financial Officer in March 1997 and to
Vice President in March 1998. From 1993 to 1994, Mr. Morel was Finance Manager
of International Software Enterprise, a hardware and software distribution
group. From 1992 to 1993, Mr. Morel served as Controller at Genoyer S.A., a
manufacturing and distribution company in the industrial valve and piping field.
From 1989 to 1992, Mr. Morel was employed at Price Waterhouse. Mr. Morel
graduated from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales and he obtained a
Diplome d'Etudes Superieures Comptables et Financieres.
Item 2. Properties
The Company's corporate offices are in an approximately 11,000 square foot
(1,000 square meter) facility located in Rousset, France. The Company owns the
facility and occupies approximately 5,500 square feet (500 square meters) of
floor space. A third party rents the rest of the area under a lease which
terminates in June 1999. The Company leases a facility including a clean room,
office area, and engineering laboratories in Montpellier, France, having 31,100
square feet (2,900 square meters) of space. The Montpellier lease terminates in
2000, with an option to renew.
Also, the company leases an 8,000 square foot (750 square meter) facility
including an office area and engineering laboratory area in Santa Clara,
California. The lease on this facility terminates in 1999.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The Company has received correspondence from Futaba Corporation and its
legal counsel since January 1998 alleging the following : (i) Pixtech is
infringing one or more patents owned by Futaba relating to the construction and
manufacture of its displays that are not expressly included under the license
agreement between Futaba and Pixtech, (ii) PixTech's use of terms such as
"alliance" and "partners" in describing the nature of its contractual
relationships with Motorola, Raytheon and Futaba in reports filed with the SEC
is misleading and (iii) certain provisions in the Foundry Agreement with Unipac
constitute an impermissible sublicense of Futaba technology. PixTech does not
believe such claims have any merit and has denied each of the allegations in
correspondences with Futaba and its counsel and is in discussions with Futaba
concerning their allegations. Futaba has also claimed that the Company
improperly supplied certain Futaba proprietary information to Unipac, and that
Unipac has in turn disclosed such information to a third party vendor. If Futaba
were to prevail on all of these claims, PixTech may be required, among other
adverse consequences, to modify the construction and manufacture of its displays
and may, as a result, be materially adversely affected.
To the Company's knowledge, there are no other exceptional facts or
litigation that could have or that have in the recent past had any significant
impact on its business, results, financial situation, or assets and liabilities.
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Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters
The Company's Common Stock commenced trading on July 18, 1995 on the Nasdaq
National Market and has been listed on the European Association of Securities
Dealers Automated Quotation ("Easdaq") system since February 12, 1997, under the
symbol "PIXT". As of March 1st, 1999, there were 74 holders of record of the
Company's common stock.
The following table sets forth, for the fiscal periods indicated, the range
of high and low closing prices for the Company's Common Stock on the Nasdaq
National Market.
High Low
-------- -------
Year ended December 31, 1997
First Quarter.............................. $ 6 3/8 $4 1/8
Second Quarter............................. $ 4 3/4 $3 3/8
Third Quarter.............................. $ 4 1/4 $3 1/8
Fourth Quarter............................. $ 3 7/8 $2
Year ended December 31, 1998
First Quarter.............................. $ 6 9/32 $2 7/16
Second Quarter............................. $ 7 1/16 $4 9/16
Third Quarter.............................. $ 4 29/32 $2 3/4
Fourth Quarter............................. $ 3 1/2 $1 15/16
The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its capital
stock. The Company currently anticipates that it will retain all future
earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of its business and does
not anticipate paying any cash dividends on its Common Stock in the foreseeable
future.
On December 22, 1998, the Company sold 367,269 shares of the Company's
Series E Preferred Stock to certain investors at a price of approximately $22.53
per share and an aggregate offering price of $8,275,000. These securities were
exempt from registration pursuant to Rule 506 of the Securities Act of 1933 as
amended (the "Securities Act") as there were less than 35 investors, all of whom
were "accredited investors" as that term is used in Rule 501 of the Securities
Act. The terms of conversion of these securities are described in Note 11 to the
Company's Financial Statements.
In addition, on December 22, 1998, the Company sold 222,222 shares of its
Common Stock to certain investor at a price of approximately $2.25 per share and
an aggregate offering price of $500,000. These securities were sold in a private
transaction pursuant to Rule 506 of the Securities Act.
In January 1999, the Company sold 150,000 shares of the Company's Common
Stock in a private placement at a price of $2.35 per share, resulting in net
proceeds of $352.
Page 11
<PAGE>
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The selected financial data set forth below as of December 31, 1998 and
1997, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998 are
derived from the Company's consolidated financial statements included elsewhere
in this Report, which have been audited by Ernst & Young , independent auditors.
The selected financial data set forth below as of December 31, 1996, 1995 and
1994 and for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 are derived from
audited consolidated financial statements not included in this Report. This data
should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial
statements and related notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" under Item 7 of this report.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Fiscal Year
--------------------------
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
(in thousands, except per share)
Operations
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Total revenues .......................................... 6,225 $ 11,513 $ 7,644 $ 3,819 $ 3,652
Loss from operations .................................... (4,940) (9,278) (12,041) (15,774) (19,686)
Net loss ................................................ (2,979) (6,305) (11,719) (14,664) (17,863)
Net loss per share ...................................... (0.51) (0.82) (1.44) (1.12) (1.23)
Shares used in computing net loss per share ............. 5,840 7,697 8,137 13,140 14,548
Balance Sheet
Working deficit / capital ............................... 813 15,919 (859) 9,290 145
Total assets, less current assets ....................... 15,300 18,569 19,701 24,058 32,592
Long term liabilities, less current portion ............. 6,626 9,958 6,743 14,568 19,480
Stockholders' equity .................................... 9,487 24,530 12,099 18,780 13,257
</TABLE>
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations
Overview
The Company was founded in June 1992 to develop and commercialize its field
emission displays. Since its inception, the Company has been a development stage
company devoting a majority of its resources to raising capital, conducting
research and development activities, concluding cooperation and license
agreements with certain displays manufacturers, including Motorola Inc.
("Motorola") and Futaba Corporation ("Futaba"), and establishing manufacturing
capabilities for its FEDs. To date, most of the Company's revenues have been
cooperation and license revenues under these cooperation and license agreements
and revenues from funding under grants from the French government and the
European Union. In the future, the Company expects to generate its revenue
primarily from the sale of products manufactured by Unipac under a contract
manufacturing arrangement signed in May 1997. After adaptation of Unipac's
plant, including addition of certain equipment and extensive transfer of
PixTech's proprietary manufacturing processes, Unipac successfully manufactured
FED samples in June 1998. While current shipments by Unipac of FEDs are still
minimal, the Company expects that Unipac will be successful in increasing
manufacturing yields in 1999 and therefore that display shipments from Unipac
will exceed several thousand units per month by the end of 1999. However, the
Company does not expect to generate positive gross margins on the sale of its
products in 1999.
In view of the development stage of the Company and the completion of the
cooperation phase of existing cooperation and license agreements, the Company
expects to rely mainly on product sales to generate revenues in 1999 and
believes that historical financial results are not meaningful and should not be
relied upon as an indication of future performance.
Page 12
<PAGE>
The Company's expectations regarding its sources of future revenue are
forward-looking statements. The amount, time and source of revenue generation
will be affected by numerous matters including the availability of funds to
finance its activities until volume shipments of products begin; the continued
development of the Company's products, including the enhancement of the display
performance and the cost-effective reproduction of the favorable characteristics
demonstrated by the Company's current prototypes in the context of commercial
production; the successful transition of the Company's prototype manufacturing
processes to commercial manufacturing processes to achieve commercially viable
yields; the successful development of a volume supply of FED products under
contract manufacturing, the successful commercialization of FEDs by other
members of the Company's licensees, and the successful development of sufficient
market demand for the Company's products.
The Company's products and its manufacturing processes are still in the
early stages of development and testing. To date, the Company has only shipped
limited quantities of products incorporating FED technology. The Company's only
commercially available display is a 5.2-inch monochrome display which to date
has been sold in limited quantities to more than a hundred customers.
Pursuant to a license agreement with the CEA, the French atomic agency, the
Company is obligated to make royalty payments on its product sales and to
pass-through a portion of royalties on sales of royalty-bearing products by the
Company's sublicensees. Pursuant to an amendment to the LETI License Agreement
signed in 1997 (the "1997 CEA Amendment"), the royalty rates and minimum
payments from the Company to CEA were temporarily increased for a period of
three years. A royalty amount of $45,000, $109,000 and $308,000 was accrued in
1996, in 1997 and in 1998, respectively (See Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements--Note 16--Related Party transactions).
All of the Company's expenses to date, except royalties and pass-through
expenses payable to CEA and tax expenses directly associated with revenues from
cooperation and license agreements, have been recorded as operating expenses,
since the Company has not shipped products in quantities sufficient to determine
a meaningful cost of products sold category.
The Company has incurred cumulative losses of $54.1 million from inception
to December 31, 1998. The Company has incurred operating losses every quarter in
1996 , 1997 and 1998, and expects to incur additional operating losses. The
magnitude and duration of the Company's losses will depend on a number of
factors within and outside of the Company's control, including the rate at which
it can successfully manufacture and commercialize its FEDs, if at all, and the
related costs of such efforts. Successful commercialization of such displays
will in turn depend on a number of factors, including the successful development
of sufficient market demand for the Company's products.
Results of Operations
Cooperation and License Revenues. The Company recognized revenues under
cooperation and license agreements of $5.4 million in 1996, $1.9 million in 1997
and $1.2 million in 1998. The significant decrease in cooperation and license
revenues in 1997 and 1998 over 1996 reflects the achievement by the Company at
the end of 1996 of most of its contractual milestones. The cooperation phase of
these agreements, which had generated milestone revenues for the Company,
expired in June 1998. In the future, the Company expects to derive royalty
revenues only under existing cooperation and license agreements. Such royalty
revenues will be based on licensees' sales, if any, of royalty-bearing products.
The Company may grant royalty-bearing licenses to the FED cross-licensed
technology to third parties subject to certain restrictions. Royalties payable
to PixTech under such third-party licenses will be shared with the existing
licensees.
In 1997, the Company entered into a cooperation agreement with a major
Japanese CRT manufacturer to demonstrate a 15-inch FED display. Revenues
generated under this agreement in 1997 and 1998 were included in Cooperation and
License Revenues. In February 1999, the Company entered into a subsequent
cooperation agreement with its CRT partner. The Company does not expect any
significant revenues to be associated with such agreement.
Page 13
<PAGE>
Product Sales. The Company recognized product sales of $791,000 in 1996,
$745,000 in 1997 and $445,000 in 1998. Through 1997, these product sales
primarily represented the shipment of a limited number of high-priced FED
displays and cathodes to customers for evaluation and product development
purposes. In 1998, product revenues primarily reflected the shipment of displays
to the Company's first volume customer, Zoll Medical. While the number of
displays shipped increased significantly in 1998 over 1997, the average selling
price was reduced, reflecting commercially priced sales. The Company expects to
increase product shipments in 1999, mainly from its contract manufacturer,
Unipac.
Other Revenues. Other revenues consist of funding under European
development contracts and other miscellaneous revenues. Other revenues were $1.4
million in 1996, $1.1 million in 1997 and $2.0 million in 1998. Of these
revenues, $800,000, $663,000 and $1.2 million were related to a development
contract granted in December 1994 from the French Ministry of Industry to
support manufacturing of FEDs, in 1996, 1997 and 1998 respectively. The Company
successfully completed this development contract and will not derive any
additional revenue from it. In addition, the Company expects to earn
development-contract related revenues in 1999, primarily following expected
recognition as income of certain amounts collected by the Company before
December 31, 1998, and previously recorded as Deferred Revenues (See Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 12--Other and deferred revenues).
Research and Development Expenses--Acquisition of Intellectual Property
Rights. Since its inception, the Company expensed $4.9 million for the
acquisition of intellectual property rights from its licensees and other third
parties. In 1998, the Company expensed $125,000 in relation to a license
agreement with Coloray Display Corporation, a California corporation (<< Coloray
>>), providing PixTech with a worldwide, nonexclusive royalty-free license on
certain technologies related to field emission displays.
Other Research and Development Expenses. Other research and development
expenses include salaries and associated expenses for in-house research and
development activities conducted both in its pilot plant and its research and
development facility in Santa Clara, the cost of staffing and operating the
Company's pilot manufacturing facility and since 1997, the cost of supporting
the transfer of the Company's FED technology to Unipac. Other research and
development expenses also include obligations to CEA under the LETI Research
Agreement, and miscellaneous contract consulting fees.
Other research and development expenses increased from $15.8 million and
$15.5 million in 1996 and 1997 respectively to $19.2 million in 1998. This
increase reflected the continued development of the Company's FED technology,
the cost of supporting the transfer and adjustment of its FED manufacturing
processes to Unipac, as well as the significant increase in the level of its
pilot manufacturing activities to support early deliveries of its displays to
customers.
Sales and Marketing Expenses. The Company incurred sales and marketing
expenses of $1.1 million in 1996, $1.5 million in 1997 and $1.4 million in 1998.
The Company believes sales and marketing expenses may increase in the future,
reflecting the expansion of the Company's sales and marketing organization both
in the United States and in Europe. The Company signed distribution agreements
of its FED products respectively with Sumitomo for the Japanese and Asian market
areas in 1997. In 1999, the Company intends to progress on its efforts to
conclude similar distribution agreements for both the United States and Europe,
in order to expand market reach in a cost effective manner.
Such expectation regarding increased product shipments and customer
contracts is a forward-looking statement, the fulfillment of which is dependent
on numerous factors. See Item 1. Business - Strategy. In addition, in order to
achieve its objectives, the Company will need to expand its business rapidly and
add sales, marketing, manufacturing, administrative and management personnel, as
well as establish and manage its international operations.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses
amounted to $2.5 million in 1998, an increase of 4% over general and
administrative expenses incurred in 1997, which amounted to $2.4 million,
reflecting an increase in staff expenses. General and administrative expenses
amounted to $2.7 million in 1996.
Page 14
<PAGE>
Interest Income (Expense), Net. Interest income is comprised of interest on
available and restricted cash. Interest expense is comprised of interest payable
on long-term obligations. Net interest expense was $708,000 in 1998, while the
Company recorded a net interest income of $470,000 in 1997, and of $66,000 in
1996, reflecting the increase in long-term liabilities.
Currency Fluctuations. Although a significant portion of the Company's
revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars, a substantial portion of the Company's
operating expenses are denominated in Euros. Gains and losses on the conversion
to U.S. dollars of assets and liabilities denominated in Euros may contribute to
fluctuations in the Company's results of operations, which are reported in U.S.
dollars. Most of the Company's capital lease obligation is expressed in
Taiwanese dollars. In 1998, fluctuations of the parity of the Taiwanese dollar
versus the Euro caused significant foreign exchange gains or losses and may
continue to do so in the future. The Company recorded net foreign exchange gains
of $256,000 in 1996, $54,000 in 1997 and $372 in 1998. The Company cannot
predict the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on future operating results. To
date, the Company has not undertaken hedging transactions to cover its currency
exposure, but it may do so in the future.
Income tax. The Company has recognized French income tax benefits of $7.9
million since inception, including $586,000 in 1997 and $2.2 million in 1998.
These income tax benefits represent tax credits for research and development
activities conducted in France and the benefits of net operating loss
carryforwards, net of valuation allowance. As of December 31, 1998, a valuation
allowance of $19.2 million was provided against a net deferred tax asset of
$23.8 million. The tax credits for research and development activities will be
paid in cash to the Company if the Company is not able to credit them against
future income tax liabilities within three fiscal years. The Company collected
$29,000 and $2.8 million in 1997 and 1998 respectively, representing income tax
benefits recorded in 1992, and in 1993 and 1994, respectively.
The Company does not expect to record significant additional tax credits
for research and development activities, if any, in the foreseeable future, as
the benefit is based on increases in eligible research and development expenses
in a given year over the two previous fiscal years.
As of December 31, 1998, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards
in France of approximately $49.4 million of which $5.6 million, $5.9 million,
$10.7 million and 15.5 million will expire in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003,
respectively, if they are not utilized.
Page 15
<PAGE>
Quarterly Results of Operations
The following table presents certain unaudited quarterly financial
information for each quarter in 1997 and 1998. In the opinion of the Company's
management, this information has been prepared on the same basis as the audited
consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report and
includes all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments)
necessary to present fairly the unaudited quarterly results set forth herein.
The Company's quarterly results are subject to fluctuations and thus, the
operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative for any future
period.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Three Months Ended
(amounts in thousands) ------------------------------------------
Mar. 31, June 30, Sept. 30, Dec. 31, Mar. 31, June 30, Sept. 30, Dec. 31,
-------- -------- --------- -------- -------- -------- --------- --------
1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Cooperation and license
revenues ........................... $ 707 $ 1,011 $ -- $ 214 $ -- $ 1,001 $ 238 $ --
Product sales .......................... 173 255 152 165 21 66 135 223
Other revenues ......................... 673 47 284 138 1,232 311 225 200
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
1,553 1,313 436 517 1,253 1,378 598 423
Cost of revenues:
License fees and royalties ............. -- (61) -- (120) (79) (122) (80) 305
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross margin: .............................. 1,553 1,252 436 397 1,174 1,256 518 728
Operating expenses:
Research and development: .............. 4,174 3,904 3,227 4,192 3,925 4,553 5,107 5,829
Sales and marketing .................... 380 402 369 345 339 354 371 369
General and administrative ............. 606 682 611 520 637 586 639 653
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses ....... 5,160 4,988 4,207 5,057 4,901 5,493 6,117 6,851
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Loss from operations ....................... (3,607) (3,736) (3,771) (4,660) (3,727) (4,237) (5,599) (6,123)
Interest income (expense), net ............. 131 211 82 46 (80) (174) (208) (246)
Foreign exchange gain (loss) ............... (238) 67 32 193 285 424 844 (1,181)
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Loss before income tax benefit ............. (3,714) (3,458) (3,657) (4,421) (3,522) (3,987) (4,963) (7,550)
Income tax benefit ......................... -- -- -- 586 -- -- 1,047 1,112
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss) .......................... $(3,714) $(3,458) $(3,657) $(3,835) $(3,522) $(3,987) $(3,916) $(6,438)
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
The Company expects that it will continue to experience fluctuations in its
quarterly operating results. In the past, these fluctuations have been caused by
a variety of factors, including the rate of growth of the Company's research and
development activities, the rate of growth of the costs related to the transfer
and adaptation of the Company's manufacturing process to Unipac, and the extent
of foreign exchange gains or losses.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company has used $32.0 million in cash to fund its operations from
inception through December 31, 1998, and $29.6 million in capital expenditures
and investments. Through December 31, 1998, the Company has funded its
operations and capital expenditures primarily from sales of $67.5 million of
equity securities and $19.0 million of proceeds from borrowings and
sale-leaseback transactions. In 1998, the Company used $9.3 million in cash to
fund its operations and $1.9 million in capital expenditures and investments.
Page 16
<PAGE>
Capital expenditures were $5.9 million in 1996, $1.2 million in 1997 and
$1.9 million in 1998. In 1996, capital expenditures were primarily for leasehold
improvements, facility expansion, and equipment installed in its pilot
manufacturing facility, while 1997 and 1998 capital expenditures remained
focused on limited capacity expansion in the Company's pilot line. As of
December 31, 1998, the Company had commitments for capital expenditures of
approximately $100,000. Implementing volume production at Unipac's manufacturing
plant required significant capital expenditures. An amount of $14.2 million of
capital expenditures for equipment only was required which, pursuant to the
Foundry Agreement, was purchased and funded by Unipac. A portion of that
equipment is leased to PixTech and amounts to $12.0 million as of December 31,
1998. The Company expects that additional capital expenditure will be required
in 1999 to increase capacity at Unipac and to complete implementation of
manufacturing processes, both for monochrome and for color products.
Restricted cash amounted to $10.1 million in 1997 and was related to the
security interest granted by the Company to its Taiwanese manufacturing partner,
Unipac, pursuant to the Foundry Agreement signed in 1997, in relation to the
purchase and funding by Unipac of volume FEDs production equipment. The written
bank guaranty provided by the Company to Unipac is expected to decrease to match
the net amount of equipment leased by Unipac to the Company.
The Company has existing contracts with French authorities providing for
the payment of grants to the Company totaling approximately $4.0 million, which
were fully paid to the Company as of December 31, 1998. In 1997 and January
1999, the Company entered into two R&D agreements with French authorities. Under
these agreements, the Company expects to benefit from zero-interest loans
totaling approximately $3.4 million, of which 50% are expected to be collected
in 1999.
In February 1997, the Company entered into an R&D agreement with the
European Union and other European industrial companies for 18 months starting
February 1, 1997. The contribution of the European Union to the costs incurred
by the Company amounts to $800,000 over the period. The Company received
$423,000 and $293,000 from this contribution respectively in 1997 and in 1998,
which were not recognized as income as all conditions stipulated in the
agreement were not met.
In 1998, the Company received $96,000 in relation to another R&D agreement
entered into in 1993 with the European Union and other European industrial
companies. The total contribution of the European Union amounted to $546,000.
The Company received $330,000 in 1994, $120,000 in 1995 and $96,000 in 1998 from
this contribution. The Company does not expect to derive any additional revenue
from this contract.
The Company recognized French income tax benefits of $7.9 million since
inception. These income tax benefits represent tax credits for research and
development activities conducted in France, which are paid in cash to the
Company if it is not able to credit them against future income tax liabilities
within three fiscal years. In 1998, the Company collected $2.8 million,
representing R&D tax credits recorded in 1993 and 1994. In 1999, the Company
expects to collect up to $3.2 million from R&D tax credits recorded in 1995.
Cash flows generated from financing activities were $9.5 million in 1998,
as compared to $30.3 million in 1997. These financings consisted primarily of
sales of shares of Common Stock and of Convertible Preferred Stock in private
placements, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $4.5 million (net of
issuance costs) and $7.5 million, respectively. Cash flow generated from
financing activities exclude non-cash transactions related respectively to (i)
the issuance of 14,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock to Coloray Display
Corporation with a value of $50,000 (See "Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements - Note 11 -- Stockholders' Equity") and (ii) the dividends attached
to the shares of Convertible Preferred Stock in the amount of $12,000 (See
"Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 11 -- Stockholders' Equity").
The Company believes that cash available at December 31, 1998 together with
the anticipated increase in product sales in 1999 and the anticipated proceeds
during 1999 from R&D tax credits and from the various grants and loans described
above will be sufficient to meet its cash requirements, including repayment of
the current portion of its long term obligations in the amount of $5.6 million
at December 31, 1998, until at least June 30, 1999. The Company intends to
improve its liquidity and financial position through capital increases expected
to take place in 1999.
Page 17
<PAGE>
The Company will require substantial funds to conduct research, development
and testing, to develop and expand commercial-scale manufacturing systems and to
market any resulting products. Changes in technology or a growth of sales beyond
currently anticipated levels will also require further investment. The Company's
capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the rate at which
the Company can develop its products, the market acceptance of such products,
the levels of promotion and advertising required to launch such products and
attain a competitive position in the marketplace and the response of competitors
to the Company's products. There can be no assurance that funds for these
purposes, whether from equity or debt financing, or other sources, will be
available when needed or on terms acceptable to the Company.
Outlook: Issues and Risks
The Company is currently focused on the following activities which it believes
are necessary to the success of its business:
. successfully implementing the manufacture of FEDs by its Taiwanese
contract manufacturer, Unipac;
. improving its manufacturing processes and yields, both in its pilot
plant and at Unipac;
. expanding its customer base and product offering, and
. continuing the development of its FED technology, including the
development of large FED displays.
In evaluating its outlook, the following risks and issues should be considered,
among others which are common among development stage companies such as its. It
is especially important to keep these risk factors in mind when reading
"forward-looking statements." These are statements that relate to future periods
and include discussions relating to the Company's market opportunities,
acquisition opportunities, ability to compete; and stock price. Generally, the
words "anticipates," "believes," "expects," "intends" and similar expressions
identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve
risks and uncertainties, and their actual results could differ materially from
the results discussed in the forward-looking statements because of these and
other factors. Forward-looking statements are current only as of the date of
this Prospectus. The Company does not have any obligation to disclose if
forward-looking statements, or the circumstances they are based on, change.
The Company May Not Have Operating Income or Net Income in the Future and It May
Have Problems Raising the Money It Needs in the Future
Since the Company inception, the Company has had significant operating losses.
During the year ended December 31, 1998, its net operating loss amounted to
$19.7 million, as compared to $15.8 million during the year ended December 31,
1997.
In the future, the Company expects that it will need to obtain money from
sources outside the Company, as it has done in the past. There is no guarantee
that any of the outside sources will provide the Company with the money when
needed. In addition, even if the Company is able to find outside sources which
will provide it with the money when needed, in order to raise this money the
Company may be required to issue securities with better rights than the rights
of its common stock or it may be required to take other actions which lessen the
value of its current common stock, including borrowing money on terms that are
not favorable to it.
There are Risks Associated with Using a Single Contract Manufacturer to
Manufacture its FEDs.
The Company believes that its ability to commercialize medium to large volumes
of FEDs depends on its ability to have Unipac manufacture FEDs. If the Company
is not able to implement its manufacturing plans with Unipac as expected, the
Company will not be able to ship medium to large volumes of FED products.
Furthermore, the Company will not be able to obtain an acceptable cost for its
FED displays through high volume manufacturing, as compared to manufacturing
FEDs at its pilot production facility. This situation would materially adversely
affect its operations. In May 1997, the Company signed a Foundry Agreement with
Unipac, a liquid crystal display manufacturer based in Taiwan. Under the
agreement, Unipac has installed volume production equipment to produce FEDs at
its manufacturing plant, and has begun production for exclusive delivery of FED
displays to the Company. Expectations about the final timing of this
manufacturing plan with Unipac are forward-looking statements that still involve
risks and uncertainties, including the ease or difficulty of the transfer of the
FED technology to Unipac.
Page 18
<PAGE>
The Company's reliance on a single contract manufacturer will involve several
risks. For example, the Company could be unable to obtain an adequate supply of
required products if Unipac did not supply enough products. Moreover, the
Company will have less control over the price of the finished products, the
timeliness of their delivery and their reliability and quality. The Company's
failure to adequately manage this contract manufacturing relationship or any
delays in the shipment of its products would adversely effect the Company.
The Company's Products and Manufacturing Processes are Still under Development
and The Company Still Needs to Obtain Commercially Acceptable Yields and
Acceptable Costs of Products.
In order for the Company to succeed, it must continue to develop and produce a
range of products incorporating its FED technology. At this time, the Company
has successfully developed only one product that has been incorporated into a
commercial end-user application. The Company will need to complete the
development of additional FED products before they can be sold to the public,
and there is no guaranty that the Company will succeed in these development
efforts. If the Company does not develop these new products, it will not be
successful.
The Company has used its pilot manufacturing facility in Montpellier, France to
produce only a limited number of products suitable for sale. Additionally, the
Company has not completed testing of its manufacturing processes at Unipac. In
order for the Company to be successful, it must make certain improvements to its
manufacturing processes. In particular, it must improve its manufacturing yields
in order to demonstrate the low cost potential of its FED technology. Even if
the Company succeeds in completing the development and testing of its
manufacturing processes, it can not be sure that the favorable characteristics
demonstrated by its current displays manufactured at its pilot manufacturing
facility will be reproduced on a cost-effective basis in commercial production.
The Company has, at this time, encountered a number of delays in the development
of its products and processes, and it is possible that further delays will
occur. Any significant delays could cause the Company to miss certain market
opportunities and could have a material adverse effect on its business.
The Company Needs to Further Enhance its Display Performance.
The Company may never improve the performance characteristics of its color FEDs
to a level that is commercially acceptable or fail to do so on a timely basis,
either of which could adversely affect its business. Key elements of display
performance are brightness, power efficiency and stability over time (life time
and reliability). The Company is seeking to balance brightness with power
efficiency to produce bright and low power-consumption displays. Display
reliability depends heavily on the manufacturing process used in assembling the
displays as well as the characteristics of the phosphors used in the display. In
order to produce color displays that will provide the product life and other
characteristics necessary for most applications, the Company needs to make
further advances in its manufacturing processes.
The Company face Intense Competition and Needs to Compete with Current and
Future Competing Technologies.
The Company's competitors may succeed in developing products that outperform its
displays or that are more cost effective. If its competitors develop products
that offer significant advantages over its products and if the Company is unable
to improve its technology, or develop or acquire alternative technology that is
more competitive, it would be adversely affected.
Page 19
<PAGE>
The market for "flat panel display," or "FPD", products is currently dominated
by products utilizing "liquid crystal display," or "LCD", technology. Certain
LCD manufacturers, such as Sharp, NEC and Hitachi, have substantially greater
name recognition and financial, technological, marketing and other resources
than us. Furthermore, LCD manufacturers have made, and continue to make,
substantial investments in improving LCD technology and manufacturing processes
and in the construction of manufacturing facilities for displays. The Company
believes that, over time, this will have the effect of reducing average selling
prices of FPDs. In addition, recently there have been substantial increases in
the worldwide manufacturing capacity of FPDs, and new competitors have entered
the FPD market. Such changes may cause over-supply conditions leading to
dramatic reductions in the price of FPDs. In order to effectively compete, The
Company could be required to increase the performance of its products or reduce
prices. In the event of price reductions, the Company will not be able to
maintain gross margins unless it reduces its cost of sales.
There are a number of domestic and international companies developing and
marketing display devices using alternative technologies to LCD technology, such
as vacuum fluorescent displays, electro-luminescent panels and plasma panels. In
addition, the Company has ended its cooperation phase with both Futaba and
Motorola in January 1997 and June 1998, respectively, and is aware of
significant continued investments in FED technology development by each of them.
In the future, the Company expects to face competition from both of them.
Additionally, some of the basic FED technology is in the public domain and, as a
result, the Company has a number of potential direct competitors developing FED
displays. The Company is aware of several other companies which are developing
FED technologies similar to its technology, including Sony, Fujitsu, and Samsung
as well as smaller companies, including Candescent, FED Corporation, and Micron
Display Division, a division of Micron Display Technology. Although the Company
owns the rights to significant technological advances in FED technology,
potential competitors may have developed or may soon develop comparable or
superior FED technology. Many of the developers of alternative FPD and competing
FED technologies have substantially greater name recognition and financial,
research and development, manufacturing and marketing resources than the
Company, and have made and continue to make substantial investments in improving
their technologies and manufacturing processes.
Potential Customers may not Accept the Company's Products.
The Company is uncertain about the potential size and timing of its target
market opportunities. It anticipates marketing its displays to "original
equipment manufacturer" or "OEM" customers Its success will depend, in part, on
the following factors:
. whether OEMs select its products for incorporation into their
products;
. the successful introduction of such products by the OEMs; and
. the successful commercialization of products developed by parties
incorporating its products.
It is possible that demand for any particular product will not last or that new
markets will fail to develop as the Company expects, or at all. Such deviations
would materially and adversely effect the Company.
It takes a long time for any product to achieve market success, and such success
is never certain. The introduction of new products is often delayed by the need
to have the products selected by an OEM and designed into the OEM's products.
For certain products, the delay attributable to a manufacturer's design cycle
may be a year or longer. Factors affecting the length of these delays include:
. the size of the manufacturer;
. the type of application; and
. whether the displays are being designed into new products or fitted
into existing applications.
Page 20
<PAGE>
If volume production of such products is delayed for any reason, the Company's
competitors may introduce new technologies or refine existing technologies which
could diminish the commercial acceptance of its products. The Company has made
efforts to design its products to be compatible with the electronic products
with which they will be used and has targeted smaller markets where the design
cycle may be shorter. However, unforeseen difficulty in incorporating the
Company's products and technology, would lessen the commercial acceptance of its
products. Furthermore, its OEMs will probably require the Company to implement
certain manufacturing quality control procedures as well as prove its ability to
manufacture the number of displays they require on a timely and reliable basis.
The Company's failure to meet these requirements could have an adverse impact on
its relationships with these OEMs and could prevent it from establishing
relationships with other OEMs.
Future Cooperation and License Revenues May Decrease.
The Company has entered into various license agreements under which the Company
was paid money for achieving certain milestones. At this time, the Company has
recorded all expected revenues associated with these milestone payments. If the
Company fails to conclude new royalty-bearing licenses or cooperation
agreements, it could be adversely affected. The Company must execute further
cooperation and/or license agreements with third parties that are not existing
licensees before it will receive any future cooperation or license revenues.
Should the Company successfully enter such agreements, a portion of the revenues
from such contracts may need to be shared with the existing licensees.
In addition, the Company will only recognize royalty revenues under cooperation
and license agreements with existing or future licenses if any of its licensees
incorporate licensed technology into products that are successfully
commercialized. The Company can not guarantee that any of its licensees will
successfully develop or commercialize any FED products. The Company believes
that one of its existing licensees, Raytheon Company, may have suspended its
internal program to develop FEDs.
The Company May Have Difficulty Protecting Patents and other Proprietary Rights
to its Technology.
The Company has been granted, has filed applications for, and has been licensed
under a number of patents in the United States and other countries. However,
rights granted under patents may not provide the Company with any competitive
advantage over competitors with similar technology, and any issued patents may
not contain claims sufficiently broad to protect against these competitors.
The Company has not conducted an independent review of patents issued to other
companies. The Company cannot be certain that it was the first creator of
inventions covered by pending patent applications or the first to file patent
applications on such inventions because patent applications in the United States
are maintained in secrecy until patents issue and the publication of discoveries
in scientific or patent literature tends to lag behind actual discoveries by
several months. Competitors in both the United States and other countries may
have applied for or obtained, or may in the future apply for and obtain, patents
that will prevent, limit or interfere with its ability to make and sell its
products.
Moreover, claims that its products infringe on the proprietary rights of others
are more likely to be asserted after the Company begins commercial sales of
products using its technology. Although the Company believes that its products
do not infringe the patents or other proprietary rights of third parties, it is
possible that third parties will assert infringement claims against us and that
such claims will be successful. It is also possible that competitors will
infringe its patents. Even the successful defense and prosecution of patent
suits is costly and time consuming. The adverse outcome of a patent suit could
subject us to significant liabilities to other parties, require disputed rights
to be licensed from third parties or require us to stop selling its products.
The Company also relies on unpatented, proprietary technology which is
significant to the development and manufacture of its displays. Others may
independently develop the same or similar technology or obtain access to its
unpatented technology. To protect its trade secrets and other proprietary
information, the Company requires employees, consultants, advisors and
collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. It is possible that the
agreements may be breached, that the Company would not be fully compensated for
any such breach, or that its trade secrets will otherwise become known or be
independently developed or discovered by competitors. If the Company is unable
to maintain the proprietary nature of its technologies, its business could be
adversely affected.
Page 21
<PAGE>
The Company has received correspondence from Futaba Corporation and its legal
counsel beginning in February 1998 alleging the following:
. the Company is infringing one or more patents owned by Futaba relating
to the construction and manufacture of its displays that are not
expressly included under the license agreement between the Company and
Futaba;
. its use of terms such as "alliance" and "partners" in describing the
nature of its contractual relationships with Motorola, Raytheon and
Futaba in reports filed with the SEC is misleading; and
. certain provisions in the Foundry Agreement with Unipac constitute an
impermissible sublicense of Futaba technology.
The Company does not believe such claims have any merit and have denied each of
the allegations in correspondences with Futaba and its counsel. Futaba has also
claimed that the Company improperly supplied certain Futaba proprietary
information to Unipac, and that Unipac has, in turn, disclosed such information
to a third party vendor. If Futaba prevails on any of these claims, the Company
may be required, among other adverse consequences, to modify the construction
and manufacture of its displays and may, as a result, be materially adversely
affected.
Currency Fluctuations May Cause Gains or Losses.
A large percentage of its net assets and of the Company's costs is expressed in
Euros. Fluctuations of the value of the U.S. dollar versus the Euro may cause
significant foreign exchange gains or losses. Most of the Company's capital
lease obligation is expressed in Taiwanese dollars. Fluctuations of the value of
the Taiwanese dollar versus the Euro or the US dollar may cause significant
foreign exchange gains or losses.
The Company May be Affected by Year 2000 Errors in Computer Systems.
There is a significant uncertainty regarding the effect of the Year 2000 issue
because computer systems which do not properly recognize date sensitive
information when the year changes to 2000 could generate erroneous data or
altogether fail. The Company is in the process of conducting a comprehensive
review of its computer systems and manufacturing equipment to identify
applications that could be affected by the inability of certain computer systems
to format and manipulate data containing dates including the year 2000 and
subsequent years. Although management does not expect that costs associated with
modifying existing computer systems and manufacturing equipment will have a
significant impact on its financial position or result of operations, there can
be no assurance that such modifications will be successfully implemented or that
these costs will not be significant. The Company currently has no contingency
plans in place in the event it does not complete all phases of the year 2000
review. The Company plans to evaluate the status of completion during 1999 and
determine whether such a plan is necessary. In addition, the Company depends on
a limited group of suppliers. There can be no assurance that those suppliers
will not be significantly impacted by the "Year 2000" issue. If those suppliers
are significantly impacted by the "Year 2000" issue, such suppliers may not be
able to continue their supply of parts to the Company without interruption. The
Company is in the process of identifying third party vendors that are non-Year
2000 compliant and of assessing the following consequences. In particular, the
Company requested from Unipac, its Taiwanese manufacturing partner, to assess
whether its computer systems and manufacturing equipment could be affected by
the "Year 2000" issue and, if so, to present a contingency plan. To implement
its large volume manufacturing strategy, the Company is dependent on Unipac's
ability to be successful in addressing the "Year 2000" issue. The Company's
continued use of a vendor which is not Year 2000 compliant or the failure of the
Company's own computer systems or manufacturing equipment to be fully Year 2000
compliant could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial
position and results of operations.
Page 22
<PAGE>
Holders of Common Stock May face Significant Dilution from the Conversion of
Series E Preferred Shares.
In December 1998, the Company issued 367,269 shares of Series E Preferred Stock
(the "Series E Stock"), at a price of $22.5313 per share, to certain
institutional investors. The Series E Stock is generally convertible after June
21, 1999 into Common Stock at a rate equal to the lesser of (a) $2.25313, and
(b) the average closing price Common Stock over the ten trading day ending
period ending on the day immediately preceding the day upon conversion. As of
March 1st, 1999, the Series E Stock would have been convertible into 3,715,334
shares of Common Stock. Should the Company's stock price fall below $2.25313,
conversion of Series E stock may result into the issuance of a significant
additional number of shares of Common Stock, and may cause significant dilution
to current holders of Common Stock.
Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions May Limit the Company's Stock Price
Certain provisions of the Company's certificate of incorporation and by-laws may
discourage a third party from offering to purchase the Company. These
provisions, therefore, inhibit actions that would result in a change in control
of the company, including an action that may give the holders of the common
stock the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price
of their stock.
These provisions may also adversely affect the market price of the Common Stock.
For example, under its certificate of incorporation, the Company can issue
"blank check" Preferred Stock with such designations, rights and preferences as
determined by its Board of Directors from time to time. This type of Preferred
Stock could be used as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change
in control of the Company. In addition, the Preferred Stock issued by the
company in December 1998 and any additional shares of Preferred Stock that the
Company may issue in the future may adversely affect the voting and dividend
rights, rights upon liquidation and other rights of the holders of common stock.
The Company does not currently intend to issue any additional shares of
preferred stock, but it retains the right to do so in the future.
Furthermore, the Company is subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General
Corporation Law, which may discourage takeover attempts.
Item 7 A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The market risk exposure inherent to the Company's international operations
creates potential for losses arising from adverse changes in foreign currency
exchange rates. The Company is exposed to such foreign currency exchange rate
risk in two main areas : (i) a substantial portion of the Company's operating
expenses are and are expected to be denominated in Euros, (ii) most of the
Company's capital lease obligation is expressed in Taiwanese dollars.
Fluctuations of the parity of the Taiwanese dollar versus the Euro or the US
dollar may cause significant foreign exchange gains or losses. In addition,
gains and losses arising from the conversion to U.S. dollars of assets and
liabilities denominated in Euros or in Taiwanese dollars may contribute to
fluctuations in the Company's results of operations, which are reported in U.S.
dollars. To date, the Company has not undertaken hedging transactions to cover
its currency exposure.
Page 23
<PAGE>
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Financial Statements
Page(s)
-------
Report of Independent Auditors ...................................... 25
Balance Sheets ...................................................... 26
Statements of Comprehensive Operations .............................. 27
Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) ........................ 28 - 29
Statements of Cash Flows ............................................ 30
Notes to Financial Statements ....................................... 31 - 47
Financial statement schedules have been omitted
since they are not required or are inapplicable
Page 24
<PAGE>
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS REPORT
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
PixTech, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of PixTech,
Inc. (a development stage company) as of December 31, 1997 and 1998 and the
related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash
flows for the period from June 18, 1992 (date of inception) through December 31,
1998, and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998.
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based
on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An
audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of
PixTech, Inc. (a development stage company) as of December 31, 1997 and 1998 and
the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the period
June 18, 1992 (date of inception) through December 31, 1998 and for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 1998 in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the
Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in note 19 to the
Financial Statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations
and its financial position raises substantial doubt about its ability to
continue as a going concern. As discussed in note 19 to the Financial
Statements, the Financial Statements do not include any adjustments that might
result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
ERNST & YOUNG AUDIT
REPRESENTED BY: CHRISTINE BLANC-PATIN
Marseilles, France
February 03, 1999
Page 25
<PAGE>
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December December
31, 31,
1997 1998
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets :
Cash & cash equivalent available ................................... $ 12,428 $ 10,166
Restricted cash - short term ....................................... 1,259 1,685
Accounts receivable :
Trade ....................................................... 953 456
Other ....................................................... 82 161
Inventory .......................................................... 702 980
Other .............................................................. 2,166 1,354
-------- --------
Total current assets ...................................... 17,590 14,802
Restricted cash - long term ................................................ 8,816 8,427
Property, plant and equipment, net ......................................... 9,353 18,826
Goodwill, net .............................................................. 226 150
Deferred tax assets ........................................................ 5,058 4,643
Other assets - long term ................................................... 605 546
-------- --------
Total assets .............................................. $ 41,648 $ 47,394
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities :
Current portion of long term debt .................................. $ 1,364 $ 3,410
Current portion of capital lease obligations ....................... 599 2,189
Accounts payable ................................................... 5,053 7,514
Accrued expenses ................................................... 1,284 1,544
-------- --------
Total current liabilities ................................. 8,300 14,657
Deferred revenue ........................................................... 2,546 2,162
Long term debt, less current portion ....................................... 11,024 8,391
Capital lease obligation, less current portion ............................. 441 8,399
Other long term liabilities, less current portion .......................... 557 528
-------- --------
Total liabilities ......................................... 22,868 34,137
======== ========
Stockholders' equity
Convertible preferred stock Series E, $0.01 par value,
authorized shares--500,000 ; issued and outstanding shares--
none; 367,269 respectively ................................................ -- 4
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized shares--
30,000,000; issued and outstanding shares--13,762,732;
15,000,329 respectively .................................................... 138 150
Additional paid-in capital ........................................ 57,067 68,999
Cumulative translation adjustment ................................. (2,132) (1,740)
Deficit accumulated during development stage ...................... (36,293) (54,156)
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity ............................. 18,780 13,257
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity ............. $ 41,648 $ 47,394
======== ========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
Page 26
<PAGE>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended Period from
December 31, June 18,
1992 (date of
-------------------------------------- inception)
through Dec.
31,
1996 1997 1998 1998
---------- ---------- ---------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues
Cooperation & license revenues ................................... $ 5,440 $ 1,932 $ 1,239 $ 26,449
Product sales .................................................... 791 745 445 2,826
Other revenues ................................................... 1,413 1,142 1,968 5,906
-------- -------- -------- --------
Total revenues ........................................ 7,644 3,819 3,652 35,181
-------- -------- -------- --------
Cost of revenues
License fees and royalties ....................................... (45) (181) 24 (1,516)
-------- -------- -------- --------
Gross margin ............................................................ 7,599 3,638 3,676 33,665
-------- -------- -------- --------
Operating expenses
Research and development:
Acquisition of intellectual property rights .............. -- -- (125) (4,890)
Other .................................................... (15,848) (15,497) (19,289) (72,528)
-------- -------- -------- --------
(15,848) (15,497) (19,414) (77,418)
Marketing & sales ................................................ (1,089) (1,496) (1,433) (6,607)
Administrative & general expenses ................................ (2,703) (2,419) (2,515) (12,816)
-------- -------- -------- --------
(19,640) (19,412) (23,362) (96,841)
-------- -------- -------- --------
Loss from operations .................................................... (12,041) (15,774) (19,686) (63,176)
Other income / (expense)
Interest income .................................................. 428 759 828 2,848
Interest expense ................................................. (362) (289) (1,536) (2,747)
Foreign exchange gains / (losses) ................................ 256 54 372 1,026
-------- -------- -------- --------
322 524 (336) 1,127
Loss before income tax benefit .......................................... (11,719) (15,250) (20,022) (62,049)
Income tax benefit ...................................................... -- 586 2,159 7,893
-------- -------- -------- --------
Net loss ................................................................ $(11,719) $(14,664) $(17,863) $(54,156)
======== ======== ======== ========
Dividend accrued to holders of Preferred Stock .......................... -- -- (12) (12)
-------- -------- -------- --------
Net loss to holders of Common Stock ..................................... $(11,719) $(14,664) $(17,875) $(54,168)
======== ======== ======== ========
Net loss per share of Common Stock ............................... $ (1.44) $ (1.12) $ (1.23)
======== ======== ========
Shares of Common Stock used in computing net loss per share ...... 8,137 13,140 14,548
Net loss ................................................................ $(11,719) $(14,664) $(17,863) $(54,156)
Change in cumulative translation adjustment ............................. (953) (1,694) 392 (1,740)
Comprehensive net loss .................................................. $(12,672) $(16,358) $(17,471) $(55,896)
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
Page 27
<PAGE>
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity
(in thousands, except share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Convertible Preferred Stock
------------------------------
Series A Series B
-------- --------
Shares Shares
issued Amount issued Amount
---------- -------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at June 18, 1992
Issuance of convertible preferred stock, net of issuance ....... 1,557,003 2,368 363,447 589
costs in 1992, 1993 and 1994
Issuance of Common stock in 1992 and 1993
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan in 1994
Purchase of 28,761
shares of Common stock-- Treasury
stock in 1994
Translation adjustment
Net loss from June 18, 1992 (date of inception) through
December 31, 1994
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1994 ...................................... 1,557,003 2,368 363,447 589
Reissuance of 28,761 shares of Common stock held in
treasury
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan
Common stock issued in initial public offering, net of issuance
costs -- $ 1,080
Conversion of preferred stock ................................. (1,557,003) (2,368) (363,447) (589)
Translation adjustment
Net loss--Year ended December 31, 1995
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1995
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan
Issuance of warrants in connection with acquisition of the
assets of Panocorp
Translation adjustment
Net loss--Year ended December 31, 1996
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1996
Common stock issued in public offering, net of issuance
costs -- $ 796
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan
Translation adjustment
Net loss--Year ended December 31, 1997
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1997
Common stock issued in private placements, net of issuance
costs -- $ 44
Issuance of Series E convertible preferred stock, ..............
net of issuance costs -- $ 822
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan
Translation adjustment
Net loss--Year ended December 31, 1998
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1998 ...................................... -- -- -- --
========== ========== ========== ==========
<CAPTION>
Convertible Preferred Stock
-----------------------------------------
Series C Series D Series E
-------- -------- --------
Shares Shares Shares
issued Amount issued Amount issued Amount
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at June 18, 1992
Issuance of convertible preferred stock, net of issuance ....... 3,044,846 8,615 430,208 1,224
costs in 1992, 1993 and 1994
Issuance of Common stock in 1992 and 1993
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan in 1994
Purchase of 28,761
shares of Common stock-- Treasury
stock in 1994
Translation adjustment
Net loss from June 18, 1992 (date of inception) through
December 31, 1994
---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1994 ...................................... 3,044,846 8,615 430,208 1,224
Reissuance of 28,761 shares of Common stock held in
treasury
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan
Common stock issued in initial public offering, net of issuance
costs -- $ 1,080
Conversion of preferred stock ................................. (3,044,846) (8,615) (430,208) (1,224)
Translation adjustment
Net loss--Year ended December 31, 1995
---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1995
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan
Issuance of warrants in connection with acquisition of the
assets of Panocorp
Translation adjustment
Net loss--Year ended December 31, 1996
---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1996
Common stock issued in public offering, net of issuance
costs -- $ 796
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan
Translation adjustment
Net loss--Year ended December 31, 1997
---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1997
Common stock issued in private placements, net of issuance
costs -- $ 44
Issuance of Series E convertible preferred stock, .............. 367,269 $4
net of issuance costs -- $ 822
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan
Translation adjustment
Net loss--Year ended December 31, 1998
---------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- ------
Balance at December 31, 1998 ...................................... -- -- -- -- 367,269 $4
========== ======== ========== ======== ========== ======
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
Page 28
<PAGE>
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity
(in thousands, except share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Common Stock
Deficit
accumulated
Additional Cumulative during
Shares Paid-in translation development Treasury
issued Amount Capital adjustment stage stock Total
------ ------ ------- ---------- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at June 18, 1992
Issuance of convertible preferred stock, net of issuance . $12,796
costs in 1992, 1993 and 1994
Issuance of Common stock in 1992 and 1993 ................ 132,301 $ 1 $ 96 97
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan in 1994 77,356 1 28 29
Purchase of 28,761 shares of Common stock-- Treasury
stock in 1994 ............................................. $(11) (11)
Translation adjustment ................................ $181 181
Net loss from June 18, 1992 (date of inception) through
December 31, 1994 ........................................ $(3,605) (3,605)
Balance at December 31, 1994 ................................ 209,657 2 123 181 (3,605) (11) 9,487
Reissuance of 28,761 shares of Common stock held in
treasury
3 11 14
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan ......... 6,902 0 3 3
Common stock issued in initial public offering, net of
issuance costs -- $ 1,080 ................................. 2,500,000 25 20,973 20,998
Conversion of preferred stock ............................ 5,395,504 54 12,742
Translation adjustment ................................... 334 334
Net loss--Year ended December 31, 1995 ................... (6,305) (6,305)
Balance at December 31, 1995 ................................ 8,112,063 81 33,844 515 (9,910) 24,530
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan ......... 29,083 0 11 11
Issuance of warrants in connection with acquisition of the
assets of Panocorp
230 230
Translation adjustment ................................... (953) (953)
Net loss--Year ended December 31, 1996 .................. (11,719) (11,719)
Balance at December 31, 1996 ................................ 8,141,146 81 34,085 (438) (21,629) 12,099
Common stock issued in public offering, net of issuance
costs -- $ 796 ............................................ 5,570,819 56 22,958 23,014
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan ......... 50,767 1 25 25
Translation adjustment ................................... (1,694) (1,694)
Net loss--Year ended December 31, 1997 ................... (14,664) (14,664)
Balance at December 31, 1997 ................................ 13,762,732 $138 $57,067 $(2,132) $(36,293) $18,780
Common stock issued in private placements, net of issuance
costs -- $ 44 ............................................. 1,236,222 12 4,493 4,506
Issuance of Series E convertible preferred stock,
net of issuance costs -- $ 822 ............................ 7,437 7,440
Issuance of Common stock under stock option plan
1,375 1 1
Translation adjustment ................................... 392 392
Net loss--Year ended December 31, 1998
(17,863) (17,863)
Balance at December 31, 1998 ................................ 15,000,329 $150 $68,999 $(1,740) $(54,156) $13,257
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
Page 29
<PAGE>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Period
from
June 18,
1992
Year Ended (date of
December 31st, inception)
------------- through
Dec. 31st,
----------
1996 1997 1998 1998
-------- -------- -------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Operating activities
Net loss .......................................................... $(11,719) $(14,664) $(17,863) $(54,156)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used) by
operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization ..................................... 3,934 3,741 4,359 15,925
Gain on disposal of fixed assets .................................. (31) -- (12) (43)
Deferred taxes .................................................... (53) -- 680 (4,483)
"in kind" transactions .......................................... -- -- -- 1,420
Change in assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable--Trade ................................... 3,749 672 337 (344)
Accounts receivable--Other ................................... (21) 102 (75) 320
Inventory .................................................... (393) (28) (223) (1,018)
Other assets ................................................. (280) 115 996 (568)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other assets and
liabilities .................................................. (634) 983 2,948 8,647
Deferred revenue ............................................. 300 (297) (490) 2,290
-------- -------- -------- --------
Net cash used in operating activities ............................. (5,148) (9,376) (9,343) (32,010)
-------- -------- -------- --------
Investing activities
Additions to property, plant, and equipment ....................... (5,866) (1,165) (1,860) (19,320)
Reclassification of cash equivalents as restricted cash ............ -- (10,080) (32) (10,112)
Additions to patents .............................................. (130) -- -- (130)
-------- -------- -------- --------
Net cash used in investing activities ............................. (5,996) (11,245) (1,892) (29,562)
Financing activities
Stock issued ...................................................... 3 21,639 11,906 67,504
Proceeds from long-term borrowings ................................ 97 10,000 -- 16,287
Proceeds from sale leaseback transactions ......................... -- -- -- 2,731
Payments for equipment purchases financed by accounts
payable ...................................................... (997) -- -- (3,706)
Repayment of long-term borrowings ................................. (215) (787) (739) (3,815)
Repayment of capital lease obligations ............................ (876) (576) (1,695) (4,002)
-------- -------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities ............... (1,988) 30,276 9,472 74,999
Effect of exchange rates on cash .................................. (165) (1,493) (499) (3,261)
-------- -------- -------- --------
Net increase / (decrease) in cash equivalents ..................... (13,297) 8,162 (2,262) 10,166
Cash and cash equivalents beginning of period .......................... 17,563 4,266 12,428 --
-------- -------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents end of period ................................ $ 4,266 $ 12,428 $ 10,166 $ 10,166
======== ======== ======== ========
Supplemental disclosures of non cash activities:
Equipment acquired under capitalized leases ............................ -- -- $ 12,048 $ 13,257
Equipment purchases financed by accounts payable ....................... -- -- -- $ 920
Licenses acquired payable over two or three years ...................... -- -- -- $ 3,765
Acquisitions of intangible by issuance of warrants ..................... $ 230 -- -- $ 230
Fixed assets disposed of in like-kind exchange ......................... $ 468 -- -- $ 468
Fixed assets acquired through like-kind exchange ....................... $ 499 -- -- $ 499
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid .......................................................... $ 52 $ 184 $ 729 $ 925
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
Page 30
<PAGE>
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(all amounts in thousands except share amounts)
1. Organization and Business Activity
PixTech, Inc. was incorporated under the laws of Delaware on October 27,
1993. On November 30, 1993, PixTech, Inc. acquired 100% beneficial ownership of
PixTech S.A., through a share exchange agreement. PixTech S.A. was incorporated
under the laws of France on June 18, 1992. For accounting purposes, the
acquisition has been treated as a recapitalization of PixTech S.A. As used
herein, "the Company" refers to PixTech, Inc. and PixTech S.A.
The Company was founded to improve, utilize and license certain background
technology developed by Laboratoire Electronique de Technologie et
d'Instrumentation ("LETI"), a French government-owned research and development
laboratory in the field of flat panel displays using electron emitters, known as
field emission displays ("FEDs").
The Company has devoted substantially all its efforts to raising capital,
conducting research and development activities, concluding cooperation and
license agreements with certain displays manufacturers, and establishing
manufacturing capabilities for its FEDs. Revenues from principal planned
operations will mainly consist of product sales. As these revenues have not
commenced, PixTech, Inc. is still in a development stage and falls under the
provisions of FAS No. 7 "Accounting and Reporting by Development Stage
Enterprises".
2. Summary of the Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting
period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PixTech, Inc.
and its wholly owned subsidiary PixTech S.A. Intercompany accounts and
transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Fiscal Year
The Company ends its fiscal year on December 31.
Revenue recognition--Cooperation and License Agreements
The Company has entered into cooperation and license agreements with
certain displays manufacturers. Under these contracts, the Company shares
technology with such members through cross licensing provisions. Each contract
provides for certain fees and royalties to be paid to the Company. The Company
believes that each of the cooperation and license agreements are long-term
construction/production contracts pursuant to SOP 81-1 and that the criteria
have been satisfied to entitle the Company to partially recognize the revenue
under those contracts. Certain fees payable to the Company under these
agreements were milestone-related and were due in accordance with the terms of
each agreement when the milestone is achieved. Once paid, such fees are
irrevocable. The Company recognized this milestone-related revenue only when
each milestone had been fully performed, as agreed by the parties. Costs
incurred under these contracts were considered costs in the period incurred,
regardless of when related revenue is recognized.
Page 31
<PAGE>
Texas Instruments. The Company entered into a Cooperation and License
Agreement with Texas Instruments Incorporated on June 29, 1993. This Agreement
was terminated on July 15, 1996. In 1996, the Company recorded cooperation and
license revenues under this terminated agreement in the amount of $1,336.
Futaba Corporation. The Company entered into a Cooperation and License
Agreement with Futaba Corporation ("Futaba") on November 27, 1993 (the "Futaba
Agreement"). Pursuant to the Futaba Agreement, Futaba agreed to pay the Company
a license fee upon signing the agreement, which was recognized upon execution of
the agreement. Futaba also agreed to a technology transfer fee, payable to the
Company in three installments upon the occurrence of certain milestones, and an
additional fee payable annually upon the achievement of further product
development milestones. Finally, to the extent that Futaba successfully
incorporates the cross-licensed technology into its own products, Futaba must
make royalty payments in connection with the sale of products incorporating the
technology licensed by the Company. At that time, the Company will recognize
royalty revenues.
In order to reach certain specified milestones under the Futaba Agreement,
the Company performed certain services in the field of technology development.
In accordance with the Futaba Agreement, the milestone-related revenues were
recognized when certain milestone were achieved. The cooperation period between
the Company and Futaba expired in January 1997 and the Company will not record
any additional milestone based revenues in the future.
Raytheon Company. The Company entered into a Cooperation and License
Agreement with Raytheon Company ("Raytheon") on June 1, 1994 (the "Raytheon
Agreement"). Pursuant to the Raytheon Agreement, Raytheon agreed to pay the
Company a license fee payable in part upon the signing of the agreement and for
a specified number of months thereafter. Such license fee was recognized when
due. Raytheon also agreed to make two additional payments based on the
achievement of certain milestones. Raytheon also must make royalty payments in
connection with the sale of products incorporating technology licensed to it by
the Company.
In June 1997, the cooperation period between the Company and Raytheon was
extended for a period of two years but no revenue was associated with such
extension. To the extent that Raytheon successfully incorporates the
cross-licensed technology into its own products, the Company will recognize
royalty revenues as Raytheon sells the products. The Company believes that
Raytheon Company may have suspended its internal program to develop FEDs.
Motorola, Inc. The Company entered into a Cooperation and License Agreement
with Motorola, Inc. ("Motorola") on June 13, 1995 (the "Motorola Agreement").
Pursuant to the Motorola Agreement, Motorola agreed to pay the Company a license
fee upon signing the agreement, which was recognized upon execution of the
agreement. Motorola also agreed to a technology transfer fee, payable to the
Company upon the occurrence of certain milestones, and an additional technology
update fee payable annually over a period of three years. Finally, Motorola must
make royalty payments in connection with the sale of its own products
incorporating the technology licensed by the Company.
In order to reach certain of the specified milestones under the Motorola
Agreement, the Company performed services in the field of technology
development. In accordance with the Motorola Agreement, the milestone-related
payments were irrevocable when paid. Cash milestone-related revenues was
recognized when certain milestones were achieved.
The cooperation period between the Company and Motorola expired in June
1998 and the Company will not record any additional milestone based revenues in
the future.
To the extent that Motorola successfully incorporates the cross-licensed
technology into its own products, the Company will recognize royalty revenues as
Motorola sells the products.
Page 32
<PAGE>
Revenue Recognition--Product Revenue
Product revenue is recognized upon shipment in the case of standard
deliveries, and upon acceptance by the customer in the case of first delivery of
a specified product.
Revenue Recognition--Grants
The Company recognizes revenue from unconditional grants received from
governmental agencies in the period granted. Revenue from conditional grants
received are recognized when all conditions outlined in the grant have been met.
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of PixTech S.A. are translated into U.S. dollar
equivalents at the rate of exchange in effect on the balance sheet date; income
and expenses are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during
the period. The related translation adjustments are reflected in stockholders'
equity. Foreign currency gains or losses resulting from transactions are
included in results of operations, except for transaction gains and losses
attributable to intercompany transactions, and for foreign currency transactions
or cash balances that hedge foreign currency commitments; such transactions and
cash balances are recorded in the same manner as translation adjustments, as
recommended by the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No 52, "Foreign
currency translation" ("SFAS 52").
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
On December 31, 1997, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No 128, "Earnings per Share", ("SFAS 128").
Prior to the adoption of SFAS 128, net income (loss) per share has been
calculated in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board
Opinion No 15, "Earnings per Share" (APB 15), using the weighted average number
of shares, convertible preferred shares assuming conversion at date of issuance,
and dilutive equivalent shares from stock options and warrants using the
treasury stock method. Net income (loss) per share also reflects for all periods
presented a 2 for 3 reverse stock split which was effective at the closing of
the Company's initial public offering.
Pursuant to SFAS 128, the Company is required to change the method
currently used to compute earnings per share and to restate all prior periods.
SFAS 128 replaced the calculation of primary and fully diluted earnings per
share with basic and diluted earnings per share. Unlike primary earnings per
share, basic earnings per share exclude any dilutive effects of options,
warrants and convertible securities.
There is no impact of Statement 128 on the previous calculation of loss per
share for the financial years ended December 31, 1996, December 31, 1997 or
December 31, 1998. As net losses have been reported in these periods, the
dilutive effects of stock options, preferred stock and warrants were excluded
from the calculation of net loss per share under APB 15.
Page 33
<PAGE>
Comprehensive Income
The Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130,
<< Reporting Comprehensive Income >>, (<< SFAS 130 >>), effective for the
Company for the first quarter of 1998. SFAS 130 requires that items defined as
other comprehensive income, such as foreign currency translation adjustments, be
separately classified in the financial statements and that the accumulated
balance of other comprehensive income be reported separately from retained
earnings and additional paid-in capital in the equity section of the balance
sheet. The components of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31,
1996 , 1997 and 1998 are as follows :
Comprehensive loss : Years ended December 31,
------------------------
1996 1997 1998
-------- -------- --------
Net loss $(11,719) $(14,664) $(17,863)
Change in cumulative translation adjustment (953) (1,694) 392
-------- -------- --------
Comprehensive net loss $(12,672) $(16,358) $(17,471)
======== ======== ========
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an
original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Investments
The Company accounts for investments in accordance with Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in
Debt and Equity Securities". The Company had no investments at December 31, 1997
or December 31, 1998, other than pledged cash (See Note 6--Short term and long
term restricted cash). There were no realized gains or losses on sales of
investments in 1996, 1997 or 1998.
Inventory
Inventory is valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out basis) or
market. Inventory consists of raw material and spare parts.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation and
amortization are provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful
lives of the assets, generally five years for pilot production equipment and six
years for Unipac volume production equipment, ten years for building
improvements and twenty years for buildings. Equipment financed under capital
leases are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the
lease term. Amortization expense is included within depreciation expense.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
In January 1996, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting
Standard No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for
Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of" ("SFAS 121"), which establishes criteria
for the recognition and measurement of impairment loss associated with
long-lived assets. Adoption of SFAS 121 did not have a material impact on the
Company's financial position or results of operations.
Page 34
<PAGE>
Patents and Other Intangible Assets
Patent application and establishment costs are expensed as incurred as
research and development costs.
Other intangible assets include primarily goodwill. The carrying value of
goodwill is reviewed on an ongoing basis to assess if facts or circumstances
suggest that the Company's goodwill may be impaired. If this review indicates
that goodwill will not be recoverable, based on the expected future cash flows
to be generated by these assets over their remaining amortization period, the
Company's carrying value of the goodwill is reduced by the estimated shortfall
of discounted cash flows.
Employee Stock Option Plans
In 1996, the Company adopted the disclosure provisions of Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No 123 ("SFAS 123"), "Accounting for Stock Based
Compensation". As permitted by SFAS 123, the Company has elected to continue to
account for its employee stock option plans and the Employee Stock Purchase
Plans in accordance with the provisions of the Accounting Principles Board
Opinion No 25 "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25"). Under APB
25, when the exercise price of the Company's employee stock options is less than
the market price of the underlying shares of the date of grant, compensation
expense is recognized.
Accounting for Income Taxes
The Company uses the liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under
this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on
differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities
and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect
when the differences are expected to reverse.
Pension Costs
In France, legislation requires that lump sum retirement indemnities be
paid to employees based upon their years of services and compensation at
retirement. The actuarial liability of this unfunded obligation as of December
31, 1997 and December 31, 1998 is $46 and $85, respectively. Pension expense
incurred was $14 in 1996, $14 in 1997 and $35 in 1998.
3. Other current assets
The components of other current assets are as follows :
December 31,
-------------------
1997 1998
------ ------
Value added tax refundable ................... $ 882 $1,141
Grants receivable ............................ 1,210 --
Other ........................................ 74 213
------ ------
$2,166 $1,354
====== ======
Page 35
<PAGE>
4. Property, Plant and Equipment
The components of Property, Plant and Equipment are as follows:
December 31,
-----------------------
1997 1998
-------- --------
Land ....................................... $ 218 $ 232
Buildings and improvements ................. 2,532 2,714
Machinery and equipment .................... 14,941 29,503
Furniture and fixtures ..................... 1,089 1,163
-------- --------
18,780 33,612
Less accumulated depreciation .............. (9,427) (14,786)
-------- --------
$ 9,353 $ 18,826
======== ========
In 1994, the Company entered into capital lease agreements for production
equipment. The gross and net book values of equipment financed under capital
leases amounted $3,857 and $947, respectively, at December 31, 1997 and $4,107
and $350, respectively, at December 31, 1998.
Land and buildings with a net book value of $1,100 and $1,123 at December
31, 1997 and December 31, 1998, respectively, have been pledged to guarantee a
$10,000 loan received from Sumitomo Corporation in November 1997. See note
7--Long-term debt.
Pursuant to the Display Foundry Agreement signed in 1997 with Unipac,
volume FEDs production equipment was installed at Unipac's facility. That
equipment was purchased and funded by Unipac, and a portion of it is leased to
PixTech, which amounts to $12,048 as of December 31, 1998. According to
Financial Accounting Standard 13, << Accounting for leases >>, PixTech's share
of equipment was recorded as assets under the caption << Property, Plant and
Equipment >>, in the net amount of $11,061. A depreciation of $988 was recorded
during 1998. As of December 31, 1998, the related capital lease obligation
amounts to $10,125, of which $1,869 has been recorded as current portion. (See
Note 8--Capital leases).
5. Goodwill
On February 20, 1996, the Company acquired substantially all the assets of
PanoCorp, Inc. ("Panocorp"), a research and development company located in
California, in a transaction accounted for as a purchase. The assets of
PanoCorp, Inc., principally including fixed assets valued at $120, were
purchased for $250 in cash plus 150,000 warrants to purchase shares of the
Company's common stock at an exercise price of $11.67 per share. See Note
11--Stockholders' Equity - Warrants.
The fair value of the 150,000 warrants was computed using the Black-Scholes
model. Pursuant to APB Opinion 16, the value of such warrants was estimated at
$230 and the entire transaction generated goodwill of $360. This goodwill is
being amortized over 5 years.
The purchase agreement also calls for the issuance of up to 600,000
additional warrants to the shareholders of PanoCorp, contingent upon the
achievement by the Company of specified technical milestones before end of
February 1999. No such warrants have been issued at December 31, 1998 and, at
that date, no more than 200,000 warrants to purchase shares of the Company's
common stock, at an exercise price of $16.67 per share, may be issued under the
purchase agreement.
Page 36
<PAGE>
6. Short-term and long-term restricted cash
In August 1997, the Company provided Unipac Optoelectronics Corp.
("Unipac"), its Asian manufacturing partner, with a written bank guaranty in an
amount of $10,000 pursuant to the display foundry agreement (the "Foundry
Agreement") signed in May 1997 between the Company and Unipac in order to
implement volume production of FEDs at Unipac's manufacturing line. The Company
granted the issuing banks a security interest in its cash and cash equivalents
for the same amount. The pledged cash and cash equivalents have been recorded as
short-term and long-term restricted cash in the balance sheet. Under certain
conditions of the Foundry Agreement, Unipac can sell certain equipment to the
Company. The payment for such equipment will be secured by Unipac through the
exercise of the bank guaranty. Both the amount of the guaranty to Unipac and the
amount of the security interest to the banks is expected to decrease to match
the net amount of equipment leased by Unipac to the Company.
7. Long-term debt
Long-term debt consists of the following :
December 31,
--------------------
1997 1998
-------- --------
Loan payable (a) ................................... $ 10,000 $ 10,000
Non interest bearing loan from ANVAR (b) ........... 2,004 1,601
Equipment purchase loans (c) ....................... 172 93
Loan payable (d) ................................... 45 --
Loan payable (e) ................................... 167 107
-------- --------
12,388 11,801
Less: current portion .............................. (1,364) (3,410)
-------- --------
Total long-term debt, less current portion ......... $ 11,024 $ 8,391
======== ========
(a) In November 1997, Sumitomo Corporation ("Sumitomo") granted PixTech a
$10,000 loan repayable over a period of three years. Of this $10,000 amount,
$5,000 represents a straight loan payable in four equal installments every 6
months starting April 7, 1999, bearing interest at prime rate plus 0.75% per
annum. The remaining amount of $5,000 represents a convertible loan payable in
November 2000, bearing interest at prime rate plus 0.75% per annum, and
partially or totally convertible, at Sumitomo's option, into shares of Common
Stock of the Company at a conversion price equal to 80% of the market price on
the conversion date. This option becomes exercisable starting April 1999 and
expires November 2000. As part of the Sumitomo Agreement, the loan is partially
secured as follows: - the Company pledged certain PixTech S.A. land and
constructions located in Rousset. See Note 4-- Property, plant and equipment. -
the French atomic energy agency, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique ("CEA"), has
guaranteed certain contingent payment obligations towards Sumitomo in case of
default by PixTech. See Note 16-- Related parties transactions. In addition,
should the Company default on the repayment of the loan, the Company will remit
to Sumitomo two thirds of any royalty amount received from any licensee until
all obligations to Sumitomo are satisfied.
(b) The Company entered into a development contract with a French Public
agency ANVAR in 1993. Under this agreement, the Company received a non-interest
bearing loan. Repayment of this loan started in 1997.
(c) In 1994, the Company was granted a $686 loan from a supplier of a piece
of particular equipment. This loan is payable in 8 installments of $77,
including interest at 6.50%, over a period of 4 years starting in May 1996.
(d) In 1994, the Company was granted a loan, which bears interest at 5% and
is repayable in 8 installments of approximately $17 over two years starting in
December 1996. As at December 31, 1998, this loan was totally repaid.
(e) In 1995, the Company was granted a bank loan, which bears interest at
6.37% and is repayable in 20 installments of approximately $20 over 5 years
starting in July 1995.
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<PAGE>
Future minimum payments under these obligations are as follows:
Year ending December 31,
1999 ................................. 3,410
2000 (f) ............................. 8,391
-------
Total minimum payments ............... $11,801
=======
(f) Includes the $5,000 convertible loan repayable in November 2000, and
partially or totally convertible into shares of Common Stock of the Company
after April 7, 1999. See note (a) above.
8. Capital leases
December 31,
---------------------
1997 1998
-------- --------
Capital lease obligations ............. $ 1,040 $ 10,588
Less: current portion ................. (599) (2,189)
-------- --------
$ 441 $ 8,399
-------- --------
In December 1994, the Company completed several sale-leaseback transactions
whereby equipment with a net book value of $4,219 was financed through three to
five-year capital lease obligations, effective December 1994. At December 31,
1998, the net book value of this equipment was $ 350.
Pursuant to the Display Foundry Agreement signed in 1997 with Unipac,
PixTech's share of volume FEDs production installed at Unipac's facility is
leased to PixTech. As of December 31, 1998, the related capital lease obligation
amounts to $10,125, of which $1,869 has been recorded as current portion. (See
Note 4--Property, Plant and Equipment).
Future minimum payments under these obligations are as follows:
Year ending December 31,
1999 ............................................. 2,880
2000 ............................................. 2,511
2001 ............................................. 2,233
2002 ............................................. 2,110
2003 ............................................. 1,987
2004 ............................................. 792
--------
Total minimum payments ............................ 12,513
Less amount representing interest ................. (1,925)
--------
Present value of minimum capitalized lease payments $ 10,588
--------
9. Commitments and contingencies
Operating leases
The Company is obligated under operating lease agreements for equipment and
manufacturing and office facilities.
The Company leases certain equipment under a cancelable operating lease
with terms of 60 months through 1999. The total amount of the base rent payments
has been charged as an expense on the straight line method over the term of the
lease.
The Company leases its main manufacturing and office facilities under a
non-cancelable operating lease which expires September 2000.
Page 38
<PAGE>
Minimum annual rental commitments under non cancelable leases at December
31, 1998, are as follows :
Year ending December 31,
1999 ....................................................... $1,113
2000 ....................................................... 768
2001 ....................................................... 46
2002 ....................................................... 15
2003 ....................................................... 14
2004 ....................................................... 7
------
Total minimum payments ..................................... $1,963
======
Rental expense for all operating leases consisted of the following:
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
Rent expense for operating leases $1,439 $1,245 $1,188
====== ====== ======
License Agreement and Research and Development Agreement with CEA
See Note 16--Related Party Transactions
10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
At December 31, 1997 and 1998, the carrying values of financial instruments
such as cash and cash equivalents, short term investments, accounts receivable
and payable, other receivables and accrued liabilities and the current portion
of long-term debt approximated their market values, based on the short-term
maturities of these instruments.
At December 31, 1998, the long-term portion of restricted cash, with total
book value of $8,427 was $6,949.
At December 31, 1997 and 1998, the fair values of long-term debt and other
long-term liabilities, with book value of $13,984 and $22,917 were $12,463 and
$16,081, respectively.
Fair value is determined based on expected future cash flows, discounted at
market interest rates, and other appropriate valuation methodologies.
11. Stockholders' Equity
The share amounts and per share dollar amounts included herein reflect the
effect of the 2 for 3 reverse stock split which was effective on July 18, 1995.
Common Stock
On July 18, 1995, the Company sold 2,500,000 shares of common stock for net
proceeds of $20,998 in its initial public offering on Nasdaq.
On February 7, 1997, the Company sold 3,333,000 shares of Common Stock in a
public offering in Europe resulting in net proceeds of $15,927.
In February 1997, the Company sold 463,708 and 1,111,111 shares of the
Company's Common Stock to Motorola, Inc. and to United Microelectronics
Corporation, the parent company of Unipac Optoelectronics Corporation,
respectively, in private placements resulting in net proceeds of $2,086 and
$5,000 respectively.
Page 39
<PAGE>
In March 1998, the Company sold 1,000,000 shares of the Company's Common
Stock to The Kaufmann Fund Inc., in a private placement at a price of $4.00 per
share, resulting in net cash proceeds of $4,000 before expenses payable by the
Company, which amounted to $44.
In March 1998, the Company entered into a license agreement with Coloray
Display Corporation, a California corporation ("Coloray"), providing PixTech
with a worldwide, nonexclusive royalty-free license on certain technologies
related to field emission displays. In consideration of the license and rights
granted to PixTech, the Company paid an amount of $75 and issued 14,000 shares
of the Company's Common Stock, valued at a price of $3.57 per share,
representing a total amount of $50.
In December 1998, the Company sold 222,222 shares of the Company's Common
Stock in a private placement at a price of $2.25 per share, resulting in net
proceeds of $500.
There were 15,000,329 shares of Common Stock outstanding at December 31,
1998.
Preferred Stock
The Company's Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 1,000,000
shares of Preferred Stock and to fix the relative rights thereof. In December
1998, 500,000 shares of Preferred Stock were reserved for the issuance of
"Series E Convertible Preferred Stock".
Convertible preferred stock
The Company's Series A to D shares of Convertible Preferred Stock
automatically converted into shares of Common Stock upon the closing of the
Company's initial public offering in 1995.
In December 1998, the Company issued 367,269 Series E shares of Convertible
Preferred Stock. The Preferred Stock was sold in a private placement at a price
of approximately $22.53 per share, resulting in net proceeds of $8,275, before
expenses payable by the Company, which amounted to $822. The amount representing
Preferred Stock sold by the Company is generally convertible into shares of
Common Stock starting from June 21, 1999 at a conversion price equal to the
lesser of approximately $2.25 per share of Common Stock or the average of the
closing price of the Common Stock over the ten trading days immediately
preceding the notice of conversion. In addition to the conversion feature, the
Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference equal to the purchase price of the
preferred stock and a cumulative dividend. The Preferred Stock will
automatically convert into Common Stock on December 22, 2003. The Preferred
Stock is redeemable at the option of the Company at the issue price upon certain
events. The holders of shares of Series E Preferred Stock are entitled to the
number of votes equal to the number of shares of Common Stock into which the
shares of Series E Preferred Stock held by such holder are convertible.
The holders of Series E Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative
dividends. At December 31, 1998 a dividend of $12 was accrued and recorded
against Stockholders' Equity.
In addition, the Company agreed to reserve, out of the authorized but
unissued shares, 150% of the number of shares of Common Stock that the Series E
Stock is convertible into. As of December 31, 1998, the Series E Stock would
have been convertible into 3,678,199 shares of Common Stock thus requiring the
Company to reserve 5,517,299 shares of the remaining authorized but unissued
shares.
Page 40
<PAGE>
Stock Options
1993 Stock Option Plan
The Company adopted a stock option plan on November 30, 1993, the "1993
Stock Option Plan" (which was amended and restated in May 1995 and in April
1997), under which options to purchase shares of common stock may be granted to
key employees and consultants of the Company. The plan provides that the option
price shall be determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of
Directors and that no portion of the option may be exercised beyond ten years
from the date of grant. Options which are outstanding at December 31, 1998,
become exercisable within a certain period of time or when specific milestones
are completed.
The activity under the option plan was as follows:
Shares Options Weighted
available outstanding Average
--------- ----------- Option Price
per Share
------------
Balance at December 31, 1995 .......... 544,039 1,228,074
========== ==========
Options granted .................. (365,850) 365,850 $8.018
Options exercised ................ -- (29,083) 0.375
Options terminated unexercised ... 100,567 (100,567) 2.859
---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1996 .......... 278,756 1,464,274
========== ==========
Additional shares reserved ....... 800,000
Options granted .................. (1,121,050) 1,121,050 $4.300
Options exercised ................ -- (52,989) 0.506
Options terminated unexercised ... 464,193 (464,193) 7.875
---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1997 .......... 421,899 2,068,142
========== ==========
Options granted .................. (444,960) 444,960 $4.626
Options exercised ................ -- (1,375) 0.656
Options terminated unexercised ... 362,535 (362,535) 4,632
---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1998 .......... 339,474 2,149,192
========== ==========
Options to purchase 748,667 shares and 1,125,434 shares were exercisable at
weighted-average exercise prices of $1.110 and $1.886 at December 31, 1997 and
December 31,1998, respectively.
Exercise prices for options outstanding as of December 31, 1998 ranged from
$0.375 to $9.750. The weighted average remaining contractual life of those
options is 7.369 years.
Pro forma information regarding net loss and loss per share is required by
SFAS 123, and has been determined as if the Company had accounted for its
employee stock options under the fair value method of SFAS 123. The fair value
for these options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes
option pricing model with the following average assumptions for both years :
risk-free interest rates of 3%; dividend yields of 0%; volatility factors of the
expected market price of the Company's shares of Common Stock of 0.74 ; and a
weighted-average expected life of the option of 4 years.
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the
options is amortized to expense over the option's vesting period. The Company's
pro forma information follows (in thousands except for loss per share
information) :
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Pro forma net loss $(11,869) $(14,865) $(18,690)
Pro forma loss per share $(1.46) $(1.13) $(1.29)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
The weighted-average fair value of options granted during 1996, 1997 and
1998 were $3.84, $2.52 and $2.82, respectively.
Page 41
<PAGE>
Director Stock Option Plan
In May 1995, the Company adopted the 1995 Director Stock Option Plan (the
"Director Stock Plan"), which provides for the issuance of up to 50,000 shares
of the Company's stock. The Director Stock Plan provides for an automatic grant
of options to purchase the Company's stock at its fair market value to the
non-employee directors of the Company upon election or re-election to the Board
of Directors.
The activity under the option plan was as follows:
Shares Options Weighted
available outstanding Average Option
--------- ----------- Price
per Share
--------------
Balance at December 31, 1995 50,000 --
=======
Options granted (6,000) 6,000 $8.625
------- -------
Balance at December 31, 1996 44,000 6,000
======= =======
Options granted (12,000) 12,000 $3.910
------- -------
Balance at December 31, 1997 38,000 12,000
======= =======
Options granted (12,000) 12,000 $4.646
Options terminated unexercised 14,000 (14,000) $5.962
------- -------
Balance at December 31, 1998 34,000 14,000
======= =======
As at December 31, 1998 and at the date of grant , the exercise prices of each
stock option grant under the Director Stock Plan was above the Company's stock
price. Therefore, no compensation expense was incurred.
Warrants
In December 1994, in connection with various equipment leases, the Company
entered into a warrant agreement. Under this agreement, the Company granted a
right to purchase 62,500 shares of Common Stock of the Company at a purchase
price of $2.88 per share. No value was ascribed to the warrant. This warrant
expires on July 18, 2000.
In February 1996, in order to finance partially the purchase of PanoCorp
assets, the Company granted 150,000 warrants to purchase shares of the Company's
common stock at an exercise price of $11.67 per share. See Note 5--Goodwill.
In February 1997, in connection with the purchase of 463,708 shares of the
Company's Common Stock, Motorola received warrants to purchase an additional
463,708 shares of the Common Stock of the Company at a price of $5.50 per share,
which have expired unexercised on December 31, 1998.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In May 1995, the Company adopted an employee stock purchase plan (the
"Purchase Plan") under which employees may purchase shares of Common Stock at a
discount from fair market value. 100,000 shares of Common Stock are reserved for
issuance under the Purchase Plan. To date, no shares have been issued under the
Purchase Plan. Rights to purchase Common Stock under the Purchase Plan are
granted at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, which determines the
frequency and duration of individual offerings under the Plan and the dates when
the stock may be purchased. Eligible employees, which represent all full-time
employees (as defined by the Purchase Plan), participate voluntarily and may
withdraw from any offering at any time before the stock is purchased. The
purchase price per share of Common Stock in an offering is 85% of the lesser of
its fair market value at the beginning of the offering period or on the
applicable exercise date and may be paid through payroll deductions, periodic
lump sum payments or a combination of both. The Purchase Plan terminates on May
9, 2005.
Page 42
<PAGE>
Shares available for issuance
At December 31, 1998, 2,851,166 shares of Common Stock are reserved for
shares issuable under the Purchase Plan or upon exercise of stock options and
warrants. In addition, 5,517,299 shares of Common Stock are reserved for shares
issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Preferred Stock. Therefore, on
December 31, 1998, out of the 30,000,000 authorized shares of Common Stock,
6,631,206 shares were available for issuance by the Company.
12. Other and deferred revenues
Other revenues and deferred revenues include the following:
December 31,
---------------
1997 1998
-------- --------
Other Deferred Other Deferred
----- -------- ----- --------
Grant from French Ministry of Industry (a) .... $ 663 $1,210 $1,211 $ --
Grant from French local authorities (b) ....... 144 913 290 1,396
Grant from European Union, Esprit Program (c) . -- 423 96 766
Insurance refund (d) .......................... 292 -- -- --
Other(e) ...................................... 43 -- 371 --
------ ------ ------ ------
TOTAL ......................................... $1,142 $2,546 $1,968 $2,162
====== ====== ====== ======
(a) In December 1994, the Company was awarded a grant from the French Ministry
of Industry to support manufacturing of Field Emission Displays. The total
contribution of the French Ministry of Industry amounted to $2,674. The
Company recognized as income $800 in 1996, $663 in 1997,and $1,211 in 1998,
as all conditions of the grant were met.
(b) PixTech SA was awarded certain incentives to establish its manufacturing
facilities in Montpellier, France. These incentives are partially subject
to maintaining an operating facility in this location for a certain period
of time. In 1998, no revenue was recognized in relation to these
incentives. Revenue is deferred until all conditions are met. In 1998,
revenue recognized in the amount of $290 was related to various incentives
granted by French local authorities.
(c) In February 1997, the Company entered into an R&D agreement with the
European Union for 18 months starting February 1, 1997. The contribution of
the European Union to the costs incurred by the Company amounts to $800
over the period. The Company received $423 and $293 from this contribution
in 1997 and in 1998, respectively. This contribution was not recognized as
income in 1997 nor in 1998 as all conditions stipulated in the agreement
were not met. In 1998, revenue recognized in the amount of $96 is related
to another R&D agreement entered into in 1993 with the European Union. The
total contribution of the European Union amounted to $546. The Company
received $330 in 1994, $120 in 1995 and $96 in 1998 from this contribution.
This contribution was recognized as income ratably over the contract period
as required costs were incurred to meet the conditions of the grant, at
which point such portion of the contribution is irrevocable as stipulated
in the agreement.
(d) In September 1997, the Company collected an amount of $620 in payment under
its business insurance policy to cover losses incurred after certain
physical damages suffered in the Company's pilot manufacturing facility in
April 1997. An amount of $328 representing reimbursement of direct costs
was recorded as reduction in research and development expenses. The
remaining amount of $292 covering consequential losses was reflected as
other revenues in 1997.
(e) Amounts relating to payments received by the Company from entities
primarily for the performance of miscellaneous services, including $200 in
1998 related to the favorable settlement of a tax dispute.
Page 43
<PAGE>
13. Income Taxes
Income (loss) before income tax benefit consists of the following :
December 31,
-------------------
1996 1997 1998
-------- -------- --------
France .......................................... $(10,556) $(13,567) $(16,614)
Rest of world ................................... (1,161) (1,683) (3,408)
-------- -------- --------
Income (loss) before income tax benefit ...... $(11,719) $(15,250) $(20,022)
======== ======== ========
The income tax benefit consists of the following:
December 31,
---------------------
1996 1997 1998
------ ------ ------
Deferred:
France ......................... -- $ 586 $2,159
Rest of world .................. -- -- --
------ ------ ------
-- $ 586 $2,159
====== ====== ======
A reconciliation of income taxes computed at the French statutory rate
(36.66%) to the income tax benefit is as follows :
December 31,
------------------
1996 1997 1998
------- ------- -------
Income taxes computed at the French statutory rate .. $ 4,297 $ 6,354 $ 7,341
Operating losses not utilized ....................... (4,297) (6,354) (7,341)
Research credits .................................... -- 586 2,159
------- ------- -------
Total ............................................... -- 586 2,159
======= ======= =======
No U.S. income tax expense was realized and no U.S. income taxes were paid
in periods ended December 31, 1996, December 31, 1997 and December 31, 1998.
Deferred taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between
the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes
and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the
Company's deferred taxes consist of the following:
December 31,
--------------------
1996 1997 1998
-------- -------- --------
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards ...... $ 6,788 $ 12,058 $ 18,108
Deferred revenue ...................... 1,201 355 75
Research credit carryforwards ......... 8,193 8,000 6,448
-------- -------- --------
16,181 20,413 24,631
Deferred tax liabilities:
Revenue not currently taxable ......... -- -- --
Deferred revenue ...................... -- (412) (760)
Deferred expense ...................... (145) (165) (53)
-------- -------- --------
Total deferred tax assets ........ 16,039 19,835 23,818
Valuation allowance ........................ (10,869) (14,777) (19,175)
-------- -------- --------
Deferred tax assets ........................ $ 5,167 $ 5,058 $ 4,643
======== ======== ========
Net operating loss carryforwards can be credited against future income in
France. Net operating loss carryforward of: $5,585 expire in 2000, $5,951 in
2001, $10,658 in 2002, $15,451 in 2003 and $11,735 can be carried forward
indefinitely.
Page 44
<PAGE>
Research credit carryforwards derive from the Company's subsidiary PixTech
SA. In France, research credit carryforwards are calculated following certain
rules defined by the Tax administration. The Company is entitled to full payment
by the Tax administration of these research credit carryforwards if they are not
credited against income tax liabilities within a period of three financial
years. The Company collected $29 representing income tax benefit recorded in
1992, and $2,840 representing income tax benefit recorded in 1993 and 1994, in
1997 and 1998 respectively.
14. Industry and Geographic information
The Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131,
"Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information", ("SFAS
131"), effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
1997. SFAS 131 requires that public business enterprises report certain
information about operating segments in their financial statements, and about
their products and services, the geographic area in which they operate, and
their major customers. As the Company operates in one single reportable segment,
the development, manufacturing and licensing of flat panel displays using
electron emitters, the adoption of SFAS 131 has no effect on the Company's
consolidated operating results or financial condition.
15. Significant customers
Historically, the Company derived its revenues principally from cooperation
and license agreements with certain display manufacturers. Net revenues from
cooperation and license agreements represented approximately 75%, 50% and 34% of
the Company's net revenues for the fiscal years 1996, 1997 and 1998,
respectively. The Company does not expect any significant additional milestone
related revenues to be directly derived from existing cooperation and license
agreements.
In 1998, product revenues primarily reflected the shipment of displays to
the Company's first volume customer, Zoll Medical Inc.
16. Related Party transactions
CEA License Agreement
In September 1992, the Company entered into a license agreement with CEA.
CEA holds a controlling interest in CEA Industrie, a shareholder of the Company.
Under this agreement, CEA granted to the Company a royalty bearing, worldwide,
exclusive license to all patents held by CEA in the field of FEDs, with a right
to sublicense these patents under certain conditions. The consideration for this
license is a payment of license fees and royalties based on the Company's sales
and the license fees and royalties collected by the Company. No expense was
recorded in 1993 and 1994 with respect to license fees and royalties due to CEA.
In 1995, $1,000 was accrued in respect of license fees and royalties due to CEA
in 1996. In order for the Company to maintain an exclusive license, it was
required to make minimum royalty payments beginning in 1996. An amount of $45
payable to CEA in 1997 was accrued in 1996. By paying the remaining amount due
to LETI, the Company will fulfill the minimum royalty obligations to LETI
through 1998.
In 1997, an amendment to the LETI License Agreement was signed between the
CEA and the Company (the "1997 CEA Amendment") for a period of three years, in
return for CEA guarantying certain contingent payment obligations towards
Sumitomo. See Note 7-- Long term debt. The royalty rates and minimum payments
from the Company to CEA were increased for a period of three years. In addition,
the Company gave a security interest to CEA on all its patents during the term
of the amendment. An amount of $109 and $308 was accrued respectively in 1997
and in 1998, which included a minimum royalty obligation of $100 and $288
respectively pursuant to the 1997 CEA Amendment.
Page 45
<PAGE>
CEA R&D Agreement
In September 1992, the Company entered into a three-year renewable R&D
agreement with CEA, under which CEA, through its laboratory LETI, performs
certain research and development activities for the benefit of the Company. This
program is expected to be extended for a third three-year period ending on
January 1, 2002, subject to further extension by mutual agreement of the
parties. The consideration received by the CEA for this R&D activity in 1998
amounted to approximately $848.
In connection with the above R&D agreement with CEA, the Company expensed
$644 ,$637 and $848 in 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively, included in research
and development costs.
17. License
In connection with the Company's license of its technology to a display
manufacturer, the Company acquired a worldwide, non-exclusive royalty-free
license to such licensee's background FED technology, as well as a right to
grant royalty-free sublicenses to certain other companies. The Company was
obligated to pay certain license fees in connection with the acquisition of
these rights from such licensee; these payments to the licensee were $650 in
1995 and $650 in 1996. In 1997, the Company recorded cooperation and license
revenues in the amount of $707, in consideration of the cancellation of same
amount which had been included in accounts payable in relation to accrued
license fees due this licensee.
In connection with the Company's license of its technology to another
display manufacturer, the Company also acquired a worldwide, non-exclusive
license, without the right to sublicense, to certain technology of such
licensee. The Company was obligated to pay certain license fees in connection
with the acquisition of these rights; these payments to the licensee were $1,000
in 1995, $1,000 in 1996. The remaining license fees payable to this licensee in
the amount of $1,400 were canceled in 1997, as consideration for the purchase by
such licensee of shares of the Company's Common Stock in February 1997.
In March 1998, the Company entered into a license agreement with Coloray,
providing PixTech with a worldwide, nonexclusive royalty-free license on certain
technologies related to field emission displays. In consideration of the license
and rights granted to PixTech, the Company paid an amount of $75 and issued
14,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock, valued at a price of $3.57 per
share, representing a total amount of $50 (See Note 11--Stockholders' Equity).
18. Litigation
The Company has received correspondence from Futaba Corporation and its
legal counsel since January 1998 alleging the following : (i) Pixtech is
infringing one or more patents owned by Futaba relating to the construction and
manufacture of its displays that are not expressly included under the license
agreement between Futaba and Pixtech, (ii) PixTech's use of terms such as
"alliance" and "partners" in describing the nature of its contractual
relationships with Motorola, Raytheon and Futaba in reports filed with the SEC
is misleading and (iii) certain provisions in the Foundry Agreement with Unipac
constitute an impermissible sublicense of Futaba technology. PixTech does not
believe such claims have any merit and has denied each of the allegations in
correspondences with Futaba and its counsel and is in discussions with Futaba
concerning their allegations. Futaba has also claimed that the Company
improperly supplied certain Futaba proprietary information to Unipac, and that
Unipac has in turn disclosed such information to a third party vendor. If Futaba
were to prevail on all of these claims, PixTech may be required, among other
adverse consequences, to modify the construction and manufacture of its displays
and may, as a result, be materially adversely affected.
To the Company's knowledge, there are no other exceptional facts or
litigation that could have or that have in the recent past had any significant
impact on its business, results, financial situation, or assets and liabilities.
Page 46
<PAGE>
19. Financial position
During 1998, the Company has incurred losses in the amount of $17,875, and used
cash in operating activities of $9,343, which has adversely affected the
Company's liquidity. At December 31, 1998, the Company had net working capital
of $145 and a deficit accumulated during the development stage of $54,156. These
conditions raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going
concern. The Company intends to improve its liquidity and financial position
through capital increases expected to take place in 1999. There can be no
assurance that funds will be available through capital increases when needed or
on terms acceptable to the Company. The financial statements do not include any
adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
20. Subsequent events
In January 1999, the Company sold 150,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock
in a private placement at a price of $2.35 per share, resulting in net proceeds
of $352.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosures
Not Applicable
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
The response to this item is contained in part under the caption "Executive
Officers of the Registrant" in Part I, Item 1A hereof and the remainder is
incorporated herein by reference from the discussion responsive thereto under
the caption "Election of Directors" in the Company's Proxy Statement relating to
its Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled for April 27, 1999 (the "Proxy
Statement").
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The response to this item is incorporated herein by reference from the
discussion responsive thereto under the caption "Executive Compensation" in the
Proxy Statement.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The response to this item is incorporated herein by reference from the
discussion responsive thereto under the caption "Share Ownership" in the Proxy
Statement.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
The response to this item is incorporated herein by reference from the
discussion responsive thereto under the caption, "Compensation Committee
Interlocks and Insider Participation" in the Proxy Statement and from Note 16 to
the Financial Statements included herein.
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedule and Reports on Form 8-K
(A) 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The financial statements are listed under Item 8 of this report.
2. FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
The financial statement schedules are listed under Item 8 of this report.
Page 47
<PAGE>
(B) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
No reports on Form 8-K were filed during the fourth quarter of 1998.
A report on Form 8-K has been filed during the first quarter of 1999, on
January 7, 1999, reporting under Item 5 the completion by the Registrant of a
Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (see exhibit 10.37), and the nomination by
the Board of Directors, of Mr. Dieter Mezger, the Company's President, as Chief
Executive Officer to succeed Jean-Luc Grand-Clement.
(C) EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number Footnote Description
- ------ -------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
3.1 1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant.
3.2 2 Restated By-Laws of Registrant.
3.3 14 Certificate of Designations of the Company
4.1 3 Specimen certificate for shares of Common Stock of the Registrant.
4.2 3 Warrant to purchase 62,500 shares of Common Stock of the Registrant issued to Comdisco,
Inc.
4.3 6 Warrant to purchase 150,000 shares of Common Stock of the Registrant issued to PanoCorp
Display Systems, Inc.
4.4 Warrant to purchase 463,708 shares of Common Stock of the Registrant issued to Motorola, Inc.
4.5 10 Convertible Note issued by Pixtech, Inc. to Sumitomo Corporation dated October 27, 1997
10.1 3,4,5 License Agreement in the Field of Flat Microtip Screens dated as of September 17, 1992
between the Registrant and the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (the "CEA "), as
amended.
10.2 3,4,5 Research and Development Agreement in the Field of Flat Microtip Screens dated
September 17, 1992 between the Registrant and the CEA.
10.3 3,5 Cooperation and License Agreement dated June 29, 1993 between the Registrant and Texas
Instruments Incorporated.
10.4 3,5 Cooperation and License Agreement dated November 27, 1993 between the Registrant and
Futaba Corporation.
10.5 3,5 License Agreement dated November 27, 1993 between the Registrant and Futaba
Corporation.
10.6 3,5 Cooperation and License Agreement dated June 1, 1994 between the Registrant and
Raytheon Company.
10.7 3 ESPRIT Project: 8730 Active Interest for Multimedia with Field Emission Display dated
December 1, 1993 among the Registrant and other project participants.
10.8 3 Master Lease Agreement dated December 12, 1994 between COMDISCO France S.A. and
PixTech France.
</TABLE>
Page 48
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C>
10.9 3 Purchase Agreement dated December 23, 1994 between COMDISCO France S.A. and
PixTech France.
10.10 3 Guarantee dated November 29, 1994 between the Registrant and COMDISCO.
10.11 3 Leaseback Agreement dated April 5, 1995 between COMDISCO France S.A. and PixTech
France.
10.12 3,4 Contract between L'Agence Nationale de Valorisation de la Recherche and PixTech France
dated March 3, 1993.
10.13 3,4 Loan agreement between the Banque Worms and PixTech France dated December 13, 1994,
as amended.
10.14 3 Amended and Restated 1993 Stock Option Plan.
10.15 3 1995 Director Stock Option Plan.
10.16 3 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
10.17 3 Amended and Restated Investor Rights and Stockholder Voting Agreement dated as of
December 24, 1993, as amended, among the Registrant and certain of its stockholders.
10.18 3,4 Real Estate Agreement between PixTech France and IBM France dated February 15, 1994
for space located in Montpellier, France.
10.19 3,4,5 Agreement of State Support of Technical Development and Research dated December 30,
1994 between PixTech France and the Ministry of Industry, Postal Services and
Telecommunications and Foreign Trade.
10.20 3 Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and each of its directors.
10.21 3,5 Cooperation and License Agreement dated as of June 12, 1995 between the Registrant and
Motorola, Inc.
10.22 6 Lease dated as of July 31, 1995 between the Registrant, as Lessee, and Pecton Court
Associates as Lessor.
10.23 6 Lease dated as of March 1, 1996, between the Registrant, as Lessee, and Frank Deverse as
Lessor.
10.24 6 Registration Rights Agreement between the Registrant and Panocorp Display Systems, Inc.
dated February 20, 1996.
10.25 5,7 Termination Agreement dated July, 15, 1996 between the Registrant and Texas Instrument
Incorporated
10.26 5 Amendment No. 1, dated February 6, 1997, to the Cooperation and License Agreement
between the Registrant and Motorola.
10.27 8 Stock Purchase Agreement dated February 14, 1997, between the Registrant and United
Microelectronics Corporation
10.28 8 Stock and Warrant Purchase Agreement dated February 6, 1997 between the Registrant and
Motorola, Inc.
10.29 9 Foundry Agreement between PixTech, S.A. and Unipac Optoelectronics Corporation dated
May 22, 1997.
</TABLE>
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<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C>
10.30 9 Distribution and Financing Agreement between Sumitomo Corporation, PixTech Inc.
and PixTech S.A. dated as of July 21, 1997
10.31 9 Cross-Licensing Period Extension between Raytheon Company and Pixel International, S.A.
(now PixTech S.A.) dated as of September 4, 1997.
10.32 9 Amendment No 14 to the License Agreement on the Microtips Display between Pixtech, Inc.
and the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (the "CEA")
10.33 9 Credit Agreement between Sumitomo Corporation and PixTech, Inc. dated as of July 21, 1997
10.34 10 License Agreement, dated March 16, 1998, between the Registrant and Coloray Display Corporation
10.35 11 Stock Issuance Agreement, dated March 16, 1998, between the Registrant and Standard Energy Company
10.36 12 Stock Purchase Agreement, dated March 27, 1998, between the Registrant and Kaufmann Fund Inc.
10.37 13 Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement among PixTech Inc., The Kaufmann Fund, Inc.,
Wingate Capital Ltd., Fisher Capital Ltd., The Atherton Co. And Banque Generale de
Luxembourg, fonds Interselex Equity Easdaq dated as of December 22, 1998
11.1 3 Statement re: computation of per share earnings--Pro Forma.
12.1 3 Statement re: computation of ratios
21.1 3 Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young.
27 Financial Data Schedule
</TABLE>
(1) Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the PixTech, Inc. Registration Statement on Form
S-1 (Commission File No. 33-93024) and incorporated herein by reference.
(2) Filed as Exhibit 3.4 to the PixTech, Inc. Registration Statement on Form
S-1 (Commission File No. 33-93024) and incorporated herein by reference.
(3) Filed as an exhibit with the same number to the PixTech, Inc. Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (Commission File No. 33-93024) and incorporated
herein by reference.
(4) English translation filed
(5) Certain confidential material contained in the document has been omitted
and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant
to Rule 406 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(6) Filed as an exhibit with the same number to the PixTech, Inc. Form 10-K for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995 and incorporated herein by
reference.
(7) Filed as Exhibit 10 to the PixTech, Inc. Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter
ended June 30, 1996 and incorporated herein by reference.
(8) Filed as an Exhibit with the same number to the PixTech, Inc. Form 10-K for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996 and incorporated herein by
reference.
(9) Filed as an Exhibit with the same number to the PixTech, Inc. Form 10-K for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 and incorporated herein by
reference.
(10) Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the PixTech, Inc. Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter
ended March 31, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference.
(11) Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the PixTech, Inc. Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter
ended March 31, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference.
(12) Filed as Exhibit 10.13 to the PixTech, Inc. Form 10-Q for the fiscal
quarter ended March 31, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference.
Page 50
<PAGE>
(13) Filed as Exhibit 1.1 to the PixTech, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed
January 7, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference.
(14) Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the PixTech, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed
January 7, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference.
Page 51
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities of
1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned.
PIXTECH
By: /S/ DIETER MEZGER
Dated: March 9, 1999
Dieter Mezger
President
Signature Title Date
--------- ----- ----
/S/ DIETER MEZGER
Dieter Mezger Chief Executive Officer,
President and Director
(Principal Executive
Officer) March 9, 1999
/S/ JEAN-LUC GRAND-CLEMENT
Jean-Luc Grand-Clement Chairman of the Board March 9, 1999
/S/ YVES MOREL
Yves Morel Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer) March 9, 1999
/S/ CATHIE TOMAO
Cathie Tomao Chief Accounting Officer March 9, 1999
/S/ WILLIAM C. SCHMIDT
William C. Schmidt Director March 9, 1999
/S/ JOHN A. HAWKINS
John A. Hawkins Director March 9, 1999
Page 52
<PAGE>
Stockholder and Other Information
Trademarks
PixTech(R) is a registered trademark of the Company.
Auditors
Ernst & Young
408 avenue du Prado
BP 116
13267 Marseilles--France
011-33-4-91-23-66-66
Legal Counsel
Palmer & Dodge LLP
One Beacon Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02108
(617) 573-0100
Transfer Agent & Registrar
American Stock Transfer & Trust Company
40 Wall Street--46th floor
New York, NY 10005
(718) 921-8275
Annual Meeting of Stockholders
The Annual Meeting of Stockholders of PixTech, Inc. will be held on
Tuesday, April 27, 1999 at 3 p.m. local time at the Grand Hyatt,
Park Avenue, Grand Central, in New-York, New-York.
Investor Relations Contact
Yves Morel
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
PixTech
Avenue Olivier Perroy--Zone Industrielle de Rousset
13790 Rousset--France
Phone: 011-33-4-42-29-10-00
Fax: 011-33-4-42-29-05-09
E-mail: [email protected]
Lillian B. Armstrong
Lippert/Heilshorn & Associates
300 Montgomery Street, Suite 1140
San Francisco, CA 94104
Phone: (415) 433-37 77
Fax: (415) 433-5577
E-mail: [email protected]
Laurence Kipfer-Delprat
Actus Finance & Communication
11, rue Quentin Bauchart
75 008 Paris France
Phone: 011-33-1-53- 67-36-36
Fax: 011-33-1-53-67- 36-37
E-mail: [email protected]
Page 53
<PAGE>
Market for Common Stock
NASDAQ National Market Symbol: PIXT
EASDAQ Market Symbol : PIXT
Stock Prices
FY 1999 FY 1998
--------- ---------
High Low High Low
First Quarter (*) $ 3 5/16 $ 2 3/16 $ 6 9/32 $2 7/16
Second Quarter -- -- $ 7 1/16 $4 9/16
Third Quarter -- -- $ 4 29/32 $2 3/4
Fourth Quarter -- -- $ 3 1/2 $1 15/16
(*) for the period from January 1, 1999 to March 1st , 1999.
On March 1st, 1999, there were approximately 74 stockholders of record. The
Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its Common Stock and
does not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future.
Corporate Information
================================================================================
Directors Executive Officers
Jean-Luc Grand-Clement Dieter Mezger
Chairman of the Board of Directors CEO and President
Dieter Mezger (3) Francis G. Courreges
CEO and President Executive vice President
William Schmidt (1) (2) Michel Garcia
Vice President Vice President, Industrial Partners
Advent International
Tom M. Holzel
John Hawkins (1) (2) Vice President, Marketing & Sales
Managing Partner
Generation Partners Jean-Jacques Louart
Vice President, Operations
Yves Morel
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
(1) Member of the Compensation Committee
(2) Member of the Audit Committee
(3) Director Nominee
Page 54
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on
Forms S-8 (Nos. 333-52651, 333-4502, 33-98384 and 33-98386) pertaining to the
1995 Director Stock Option Plan, Amended and Restated 1993 Stock Option Plan and
1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of PixTech, Inc. and on Form S-3 (No.
333-52789) of our report dated February 3, 1999, with respect to the
consolidated financial statements of PixTech, Inc. included in the Annual Report
(Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 1998.
/s/ Ernst & Young AUDIT
Ernst & Young AUDIT
Represented By: CHRISTINE BLANC-PATIN
Marseilles, France
March 9, 1999
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