<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT FILED PURSUANT TO RULE 424(b)(5)
(TO PROSPECTUS DATED MAY 17, 1996) FILE NO. 333-02180
$100,000,000
CHAMPION HOME EQUITY LOAN TRUST 1996-2
[LOGO]
CHAMPION MORTGAGE SERVICING CORP.
SERVICER
BEAR STEARNS ASSET BACKED SECURITIES, INC.
DEPOSITOR
The Champion Home Equity Loan Asset-Backed Certificates, Series 1996-2
(collectively, the "Certificates"), will consist of the Classes identified in
the chart below (the "Offered Certificates") as well as an additional Class of
Certificates which is not being offered for sale hereunder. The Certificates
will evidence in the aggregate the entire beneficial interest in Champion Home
Equity Loan Trust 1996-2 (the "Trust") to be formed pursuant to a Pooling and
Servicing Agreement (the "Agreement") among Bear Stearns Asset Backed
Securities, Inc., as depositor (the "Depositor"), Champion Mortgage Servicing
Corp., as Servicer (the "Servicer"), and The Bank of New York, as Trustee and
Back-Up Servicer (the "Trustee" and the "Back-Up Servicer," respectively).
(COVER CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE)
----------------------------------
SEE "RISK FACTORS" HEREIN ON PAGE S-15 AND IN THE PROSPECTUS
ON PAGE 15 FOR CERTAIN FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
IN PURCHASING THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES.
----------------------------
THE CERTIFICATES DO NOT REPRESENT AN OBLIGATION OF OR INTEREST IN THE DEPOSITOR,
THE SELLER, THE SERVICER, THE TRUSTEE OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES.
NEITHER THE CERTIFICATES NOR THE UNDERLYING HOME EQUITY LOANS ARE
INSURED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY, THE DEPOSITOR,
THE SELLER, THE SERVICER OR ANY OF THEIR
AFFILIATES.
----------------------------------
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE
COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR
ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT OR THE PROSPECTUS. ANY
REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
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INITIAL CLASS
CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE PRICE TO UNDERWRITING PROCEEDS TO
BALANCE RATE PUBLIC (1) DISCOUNT DEPOSITOR (1)(2)
Class A-1 Certificates.... $ 21,712,000.00 6.70% 99.98733% 0.25% 99.73733%
Class A-2 Certificates.... $ 22,699,000.00 7.03% 99.99350% 0.35% 99.64350%
Class A-3 Certificates.... $ 10,484,000.00 7.46% 99.98277% 0.40% 99.58277%
Class A-4 Certificates.... $ 10,105,000.00 8.00% 99.98053% 0.50% 99.48053%
Class A-5 Certificates.... $ 35,000,000.00 (3) 99.87500% 0.35% 99.52500%
Total..................... $100,000,000.00 $99,948,249.82 $348,687.50 $99,599,562.32
</TABLE>
(1) Plus accrued interest, if any, from May 1, 1996.
(2) Before deducting expenses, estimated to be $350,000.
(3) The Class A-5 Certificates will bear interest at a variable rate which, for
any Distribution Date, will equal the lesser of (i) 11.51% per annum and
(ii) the weighted average of the Remittance Rates (as defined herein) of the
Home Equity Loans in Loan Group Two. The Certificate Rate for the first
Distribution Date is expected to be approximately 5.51% per annum. See
"DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES" herein.
----------------------------------
The Offered Certificates are offered by Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. (the
"Underwriter") when, as and if issued, delivered to and accepted by the
Underwriter and subject to certain other conditions. It is expected that
delivery of the Offered Certificates will be made in book entry form only,
through the Same Day Funds Settlement System of The Depository Trust Company, on
or about May 24, 1996.
----------------------------------
BEAR, STEARNS & CO. INC.
The date of this Prospectus Supplement is May 17, 1996.
<PAGE>
(COVER PAGE CONTINUED)
The property of the Trust will include two pools (each, a "Loan Group") of
non-conforming closed-end home equity loans (the "Home Equity Loans"). The Home
Equity Loans are secured by first and second deeds of trust or mortgages
primarily on one- to four-family residential properties. Loan Group One consists
of fixed rate, simple interest Home Equity Loans, and Loan Group Two consists of
adjustable rate, actuarial Home Equity Loans. The Trust also will include
approximately $24,706,702 on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account which will be
used to purchase additional Home Equity Loans for each Loan Group from time to
time as described herein, funds on deposit in the Capitalized Interest Account
and funds on deposit in the Yield Supplement Account.
Distributions of principal and interest on the Offered Certificates will be
made on the 25th day of each month or, if such day is not a Business Day, then
on the succeeding Business Day (each, a "Distribution Date"), commencing in June
1996. On each Distribution Date, holders of the Offered Certificates will be
entitled to receive, from and to the extent of funds available in the related
Distribution Account (as defined herein), distributions with respect to interest
and principal calculated as set forth herein. The Offered Certificates will have
the benefit of an irrevocable and unconditional surety bond (the "Policy")
issued by Capital Markets Assurance Corporation (the "Certificate Insurer")
pursuant to which the Certificate Insurer will guarantee payments to the holders
of the Offered Certificates as described herein. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE
CERTIFICATES" herein.
LOGO
There is currently no secondary market for the Offered Certificates. The
Underwriter intends to establish a market in the Offered Certificates but is not
obligated to do so. There can be no assurance that a secondary market for any of
the Offered Certificates will develop, or if one does develop, that it will
continue or offer sufficient liquidity of investment.
THE YIELD TO INVESTORS IN EACH CLASS OF OFFERED CERTIFICATES WILL BE
SENSITIVE IN VARYING DEGREES TO THE RATE AND TIMING OF PRINCIPAL PAYMENTS
(INCLUDING PREPAYMENTS) ON THE HOME EQUITY LOANS IN THE RELATED LOAN GROUP,
WHICH GENERALLY MAY BE PREPAID IN FULL OR IN PART AT ANY TIME WITHOUT PENALTY.
THE YIELD TO MATURITY OF A CLASS OF OFFERED CERTIFICATES PURCHASED AT A DISCOUNT
OR PREMIUM WILL BE MORE SENSITIVE TO THE RATE AND TIMING OF PAYMENTS THEREON.
HOLDERS OF THE OFFERED CERTIFICATES SHOULD CONSIDER, IN THE CASE OF ANY SUCH
CERTIFICATES PURCHASED AT A DISCOUNT, THE RISK THAT A SLOWER THAN ANTICIPATED
RATE OF PRINCIPAL PAYMENTS COULD RESULT IN AN ACTUAL YIELD THAT IS LOWER THAN
THE ANTICIPATED YIELD AND, IN THE CASE OF ANY OFFERED CERTIFICATES PURCHASED AT
A PREMIUM, THE RISK THAT A FASTER THAN ANTICIPATED RATE OF PRINCIPAL PAYMENTS
COULD RESULT IN AN ACTUAL YIELD THAT IS LOWER THAN THE ANTICIPATED YIELD. NO
REPRESENTATION IS MADE AS TO THE ANTICIPATED RATE OF PREPAYMENTS ON THE HOME
EQUITY LOANS OR AS TO THE RESULTING YIELD TO MATURITY OF ANY CLASS OF OFFERED
CERTIFICATES.
An election will be made to treat certain assets of the Trust as a real
estate mortgage investment conduit (a "REMIC") for federal income tax purposes.
As described more fully herein and in the Prospectus, the Offered Certificates
will be designated as "regular interests" in a REMIC. See "CERTAIN FEDERAL
INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES" in the Prospectus.
-------------------------------
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK HAS NOT PASSED ON OR ENDORSED
THE MERITS OF THIS OFFERING. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS UNLAWFUL.
-------------------------------
IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING, THE UNDERWRITER MAY OVER-ALLOT OR EFFECT
TRANSACTIONS WHICH STABILIZE OR MAINTAIN THE MARKET PRICES OF THE OFFERED
CERTIFICATES AT LEVELS ABOVE THOSE WHICH MIGHT OTHERWISE PREVAIL IN THE OPEN
MARKET. SUCH STABILIZING, IF COMMENCED, MAY BE DISCONTINUED AT ANY TIME.
-------------------------------
THE CERTIFICATES OFFERED BY THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT CONSTITUTE A SEPARATE
SERIES OF SECURITIES BEING OFFERED BY THE DEPOSITOR PURSUANT TO ITS PROSPECTUS
DATED MAY 17, 1996, OF WHICH THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT IS A PART AND WHICH
ACCOMPANIES THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT. THE PROSPECTUS CONTAINS IMPORTANT
INFORMATION REGARDING THIS OFFERING WHICH IS NOT CONTAINED HEREIN AND
PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ARE URGED TO READ THE PROSPECTUS AND THIS PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT IN FULL.
S-2
<PAGE>
SUMMARY OF TERMS
THE FOLLOWING SUMMARY OF CERTAIN PERTINENT INFORMATION IS QUALIFIED IN ITS
ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO THE DETAILED INFORMATION APPEARING ELSEWHERE IN THIS
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND IN THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS. CAPITALIZED TERMS USED
BUT NOT DEFINED HEREIN OR IN THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS ARE DEFINED IN THE
"GLOSSARY OF TERMS" IN THE PROSPECTUS.
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TRUST........................... Champion Home Equity Loan Trust 1996-2 (the "Trust") will
be formed pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing Agreement
(the "Agreement"), to be dated as of May 1, 1996 (the
"Cut-Off Date"), among Bear Stearns Asset Backed
Securities, Inc., as depositor (the "Depositor"), Champion
Mortgage Servicing Corp., as servicer (together with any
successor in such capacity, the "Servicer"), and The Bank
of New York, as trustee (the "Trustee") and back-up
servicer (the "Back-Up Servicer"). The property of the
Trust will include: two pools (each, a "Loan Group") of
non-conforming closed-end home equity loans (the "Home
Equity Loans"), secured by first and second mortgages
primarily on one- to four- family residential properties
(the "Mortgaged Properties"); payments in respect of the
Home Equity Loans received on and after the Cut-Off Date;
property that secured a Home Equity Loan which has been
acquired by foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure;
rights under certain hazard insurance policies covering
the Mortgaged Properties; funds on deposit in the
Pre-Funding Account, the Capitalized Interest Account, the
Yield Supplement Account and the Spread Account (each as
defined below); the Depositor's rights under the Purchase
Agreement (as defined herein); and certain other property,
as described more fully herein. In addition, the Depositor
will cause the Certificate Insurer (as defined below) to
issue an irrevocable and unconditional surety bond (the
"Policy") for the benefit of the Holders of the Offered
Certificates pursuant to which it will guarantee payments
to such Holders as described herein. The Trust is one of
the Trust Funds referred to in the Prospectus.
SECURITIES OFFERED.............. The Champion Home Equity Loan Asset-Backed Certificates,
Series 1996-2 (the "Certificates") will consist of the
Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-4 and Class A-5
Certificates (collectively, the "Offered Certificates")
and the Class R Certificates. Only the Offered
Certificates are offered hereby. Any information con-
tained herein regarding the Class R Certificates is
included solely to permit a better understanding of the
Offered Certificates.
The Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class A-4
Certificates (collectively, the "Fixed Rate Certificates")
are related to Loan Group One (defined below) and the
Class A-5 Certificates (the "Variable Rate Certificates")
are related to Loan Group Two (defined below). Each Class
of Offered Certificates represents the right to receive
payments of interest at the per annum rate (the "Certifi-
cate Rate") described below and payable monthly, and
payments of principal to the extent provided below. The
Offered Certificates will be offered for purchase in
minimum dollar denominations of $25,000 and integral
multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof, provided, however,
that one Certificate of each Class of Offered Certificates
may be issued in an amount representing the remainder, if
any, of such Class. The "Percentage Interest" evidenced by
an Offered
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Certificate will be equal to the percentage derived by
dividing the denomination of such Certificate by the
aggregate denomination of all Certificates of the same
Class as such Certificate.
REGISTRATION OF THE OFFERED
CERTIFICATES................... The Offered Certificates initially will be represented by
one or more certificates registered in the name of Cede &
Co., the nominee of The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"),
and will be available only in the form of book-entries on
the records of DTC, participating members thereof
("Participants") and other entities, such as banks,
brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or
maintain custodial relationships with a Participant,
either directly or indirectly ("Indirect Participants").
References herein to "Holders" reflect the rights of
owners of the Offered Certificates only as they may indi-
rectly exercise such rights through DTC and Participants,
except as otherwise specified herein. See "RISK FACTORS --
Book-Entry Registration May Affect Liquidity" and
"DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES -- Book-Entry
Registration" herein.
DISTRIBUTION AND RECORD DATES... Distributions will be made on the 25th day of each month
or, if such 25th day is not a Business Day, on the
succeeding Business Day (each, a "Distribution Date"),
commencing in June 1996. Distributions on a Distribution
Date will be made to Holders of record as of the last
Business Day of the month preceding the month in which
such Distribution Date occurs (each, a "Record Date").
DEPOSITOR....................... Bear Stearns Asset Backed Securities, Inc. (the
"Depositor"), a wholly-owned, special purpose subsidiary
of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. None of The Bear
Stearns Companies Inc., any other affiliate of the
Depositor, the Servicer, the Trustee or the Seller has
guaranteed or is otherwise obligated with respect to the
Certificates. See "THE DEPOSITOR" in the Prospectus.
SELLER.......................... Champion Mortgage Co., Inc., a New Jersey corporation. All
of the Home Equity Loans originally delivered to the Trust
(the "Initial Home Equity Loans") were, and any Subsequent
Home Equity Loans (as defined below) will be, originated
by the Seller or by an affiliate and acquired by the
Seller in the ordinary course of its business. The Home
Equity Loans will be acquired by the Depositor in a
privately negotiated transaction concurrently with the
delivery of such Home Equity Loans to the Trust. The
Seller's corporate headquarters are located at 20
Waterview Blvd., Parsippany, New Jersey 07054, and its
telephone number is (201) 402-7700. See "THE SELLER AND
THE SERVICER" herein.
SERVICER........................ Champion Mortgage Servicing Corp., a Delaware corporation
and an affiliate of the Seller. See "THE SELLER AND THE
SERVICER" herein.
TRUSTEE AND BACK-UP SERVICER.... The Bank of New York, a banking corporation organized
under the laws of the State of New York, will act as
trustee and back-up servicer (the "Trustee" and the
"Back-Up Servicer," respectively).
CUT-OFF DATE.................... May 1, 1996.
CLOSING DATE.................... On or about May 24, 1996.
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THE HOME EQUITY LOANS........... The Home Equity Loans consist of promissory notes or other
evidences of indebtedness (the "Mortgage Notes") secured
by mortgages, deeds of trust or other instruments (the
"Mortgages") creating first or second liens primarily on
one- to four-family residential properties (the "Mortgaged
Properties"). The Home Equity Loans are the Mortgage Loans
referred to in the Prospectus. The Home Equity Loans bear
fixed or adjustable rates (each, a "Loan Rate"). Interest
on each fixed rate Home Equity Loan is calculated on the
"simple interest" method ("Simple Interest Loans"), and
interest on each adjustable rate Home Equity Loan is
calculated on the "actuarial" method ("Actuarial Loans").
Monthly payments are due on the date of the month
specified in the related Mortgage Note (each, a "Due
Date"). The Due Dates for the Home Equity Loans occur
throughout the month. Except for the Balloon Loans
(defined herein) in Loan Group One, the Home Equity Loans
are fully amortizing.
The Home Equity Loans will be divided into two Loan
Groups. Loan Group One will consist of fixed rate Home
Equity Loans, and Loan Group Two will consist of
adjustable rate Home Equity Loans ("ARMs"). The Loan Rate
borne by each ARM is subject to adjustment annually on the
date set forth in the related Mortgage Note (each, a
"Change Date") to equal the sum of (i) the weekly average
yield on U.S. Treasury securities adjusted to a constant
maturity of one year, as made available by the Federal
Reserve Board as of the date 45 days before the applicable
Change Date (the "Index") and (ii) the number of basis
points set forth in such Mortgage Note (the "Gross
Margin"), subject to rounding and to the effects of the
Periodic Cap, the applicable Lifetime Cap and the
applicable Lifetime Floor. The "Periodic Cap" limits
changes in the Loan Rate for each ARM on each Change Date
to 200 basis points. The "Lifetime Cap" is the maximum
Loan Rate that may be borne by an ARM over its life and is
equal to the sum of (i) the initial Loan Rate for such ARM
and (ii) 600 basis points. The "Lifetime Floor" is the
minimum Loan Rate that may be borne by an ARM over its
life and is equal to the initial Loan Rate for such ARM.
The ARMs do not provide for negative amortization. None of
the ARMs has reached its initial Change Date.
The "Principal Balance" of a Home Equity Loan (other than
a Liquidated Home Equity Loan (as defined herein)) on any
day is equal to its principal balance as of the Cut-Off
Date (or, with respect to a Subsequent Home Equity Loan,
its principal balance as of the applicable Subsequent
Cut-Off Date), minus all collections credited against the
Principal Balance of such Home Equity Loan. The Principal
Balance of a Liquidated Home Equity Loan after final
recovery of related Liquidation Proceeds (as defined
herein) will be zero. With respect to any Distribution
Date and Loan Group, the "Loan Group Balance" will be
equal to the aggregate of the Principal Balances of all
Home Equity Loans in such Loan Group as of the first day
of the related Due Period. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE HOME
EQUITY LOANS" herein and Appendix A attached hereto.
PRE-FUNDING ACCOUNT............. On the Closing Date, an aggregate cash amount (the
"Pre-Funded Amount") not to exceed approximately
$24,706,702 will be deposited in the Pre-Funding Account.
Of such amount, approximately
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$19,865,767 will be used to purchase additional home
equity loans secured by first or second liens on Mortgaged
Properties ("Subsequent Home Equity Loans") for deposit
into Loan Group One and, if required, to make accelerated
payments of principal on the Fixed Rate Certificates and
approximately $4,840,935 will be used to purchase
Subsequent Home Equity Loans for deposit into Loan Group
Two and, if required, to make accelerated payments of
principal on the Variable Rate Certificates. During the
period (the "Pre-Funding Period") from the Closing Date to
the earliest to occur of (i) the date on which the
aggregate amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account is
less than $100,000, (ii) an Event of Default under the
Agreement and (iii) July 31, 1996, amounts on deposit in
the Pre-Funding Account may be withdrawn from time to time
to acquire Subsequent Home Equity Loans in accordance with
the Agreement. Any net investment earnings on the
Pre-Funded Amount will be transferred to the Capitalized
Interest Account on each Distribution Date during the
Pre-Funding Period. Any Pre-Funded Amount remaining in the
Pre-Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding Period
will be distributed on the Distribution Date occurring at
or immediately following the end of the Pre-Funding
Period. If the Pre-Funded Amount so distributed and
allocated to a Loan Group is less than $100,000, it will
be treated as a principal prepayment and allocated to the
applicable Class or Classes of Offered Certificates
related to Loan Group One or Loan Group Two, as
applicable, as provided herein; otherwise such amount will
be distributed as principal of the outstanding Class or
Classes of Offered Certificates related to Loan Group One
or Loan Group Two, as applicable, pro rata on the basis of
their respective Class Certificate Balances. Only
fixed-rate Subsequent Home Equity Loans may be added to
Loan Group One, and only adjustable-rate Subsequent Home
Equity Loans may be added to Loan Group Two.
CAPITALIZED INTEREST ACCOUNT.... On the Closing Date, funds will be deposited in an account
(the "Capitalized Interest Account") created and
maintained with the Trustee. The amount so deposited will
be used by the Trustee on the Distribution Dates during
the Pre-Funding Period to fund the excess, if any, of the
Interest Remittance Amounts for the Offered Certificates
(as defined below) and the premium due on the Policy over
the funds available therefor on such Distribution Dates.
Any funds remaining in the Capitalized Interest Account at
the end of the Pre-Funding Period will be distributed to
the Holders of the Class R Certificates.
YIELD SUPPLEMENT ACCOUNT........ On the Closing Date, funds will be deposited in an account
(the "Yield Supplement Account") created and maintained
with the Trustee. The amount so deposited will be used by
the Trustee on each Distribution Date to the extent that
the interest collected or advanced with respect to Home
Equity Loans with Loan Rates below 8.73% per annum ("Low
Coupon Loans") is insufficient to pay the Expense Fees
(defined below) and the Interest Remittance Amounts for
the Fixed Rate Certificates. Funds on deposit in the Yield
Supplement Account will not be available to make payments
of principal or Additional Principal (as defined below).
Excess
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amounts on deposit in the Yield Supplement Account may be
released from time to time to the Holder of the Class R
Certificates as provided in the Agreement. The Yield
Supplement Account is an asset of the Trust but will not
be included in the REMIC.
FINAL SCHEDULED DISTRIBUTION The Final Scheduled Distribution Dates for each of the
DATES.......................... respective Classes of Offered Certificates are set forth
below. However, it is anticipated that the actual final
Distribution Date for each Class of Offered Certificates
will occur earlier, and could occur significantly earlier,
than the related Final Scheduled Distribution Date. See
"PREPAYMENT AND YIELD CONSIDERATIONS" herein.
Final Scheduled
Distribution Date
Class A-1 Certificates August 25, 2006
Class A-2 Certificates April 25, 2011
Class A-3 Certificates May 25, 2012
Class A-4 Certificates September 25, 2028
Class A-5 Certificates September 25, 2028
INTEREST........................ The Certificate Rate for each Class of Offered
Certificates will be as set forth or described on the
cover page hereof. The "Remittance Rate" for each Home
Equity Loan in Loan Group Two will be calculated monthly,
and for any Distribution Date will equal the Loan Rate for
such Home Equity Loan at the beginning of the related Due
Period (defined below) minus the sum of (a) the Expense
Fee Rate (defined herein) and (b) the related Excess
Spread Rate. The "Excess Spread Rate" for any Home Equity
Loan in Loan Group Two will equal the excess of (x) the
Gross Margin for such Home Equity Loan less the Expense
Fee Rate over (y) 2.40%. Holders of the Offered
Certificates will be entitled to receive on each
Distribution Date, to the extent funds are available
therefor, interest at the applicable Certificate Rate
accrued during the related Interest Period on the related
Class Certificate Balance (as described below under the
caption "Principal").
The amount of interest (as described above) payable with
respect to a Class of Offered Certificates constitutes the
"Interest Remittance Amount" for such Class. The "Interest
Period" for each Distribution Date will be the calendar
month preceding the month in which such Distribution Date
occurs. Interest on the Certificates will be calculated on
the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day
months. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES" herein.
PRINCIPAL....................... As to any Loan Group and Distribution Date, the "Basic
Principal Amount" will equal the sum of (i) each payment
of principal on a Home Equity Loan received by the
Servicer (exclusive of amounts described in clauses (ii)
and (iii) below) during the calendar month preceding the
calendar month in which such Distribution Date occurs
(with respect to any Distribution Date, the "Due Period");
(ii) curtailments (i.e., partial prepayments) and
prepayments in full received during the related Due
Period; (iii) all Insurance Proceeds and Net Liquidation
Proceeds allocable to recoveries of principal of Home
Equity Loans received during the related Due Period; (iv)
an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the Principal
Balance (immediately prior to liquidation) of each Home
Equity Loan liquidated
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during the related Due Period over the principal portion
of Net Liquidation Proceeds received during such Due
Period (the "Unrecovered Class A Portion"); and (v) (a)
the outstanding Principal Balance of any Home Equity Loan
repurchased by the Seller or purchased by the Servicer as
required or permitted by the Purchase Agreement or the
Agreement as of the related Determination Date and (b)
with respect to any Defective Home Equity Loan for which
the Seller substitutes an Eligible Substitute Home Equity
Loan as of the related Determination Date, any excess of
the Principal Balance of such Defective Home Equity Loan
over the Principal Balance of such Eligible Substitute
Home Equity Loan, plus the amount of any unreimbursed
Servicing Advances (defined herein) made by the Servicer
with respect to the Home Equity Loan to the extent re-
ceived.
Distributions of principal of a Class of Offered
Certificates will be measured by the Basic Principal
Amount for the related Loan Group. As to any Distribution
Date and Class of Offered Certificates, the "Principal
Remittance Amount" will equal the sum of (i) the lesser of
(x) the Basic Principal Amount for the related Loan Group
and (y) the portion of such Basic Principal Amount
required to be distributed to increase the
Overcollateralization Amount (defined below) for the
related Loan Group to the Required Overcollateralization
Amount (defined below) for such Loan Group, (ii) the
related Carry-Forward Amount (defined below), and (iii) on
the Distribution Date at or immediately following the end
of the Pre-Funding Period, the amount, if any, allocable
to the related Loan Group remaining in the Pre-Funding
Account (exclusive of any investment earnings included
therein). Distributions of principal will be allocated
among the Classes of Offered Certificates as described
herein under "DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES -- Priority
of Distributions." As described below, Holders of a Class
of Offered Certificates also may receive distributions of
Additional Principal (defined below) on a Distribution
Date.
The Interest Remittance Amount, the Principal Remittance
Amount and the Additional Principal, if any, for a Class
of Offered Certificates together constitute the "Class
Remittance Amount" for such Class and each Distribution
Date.
An amount to cover any loss on a Liquidated Home Equity
Loan (i.e., the Unrecovered Class A Portion) may or may
not be distributed to the Holders of the related Class of
Offered Certificates on the Distribution Date which
immediately follows the event of loss. However, the
Holders of such Certificates are entitled to receive
ultimate recovery of 100% of the original Class
Certificate Balance of the applicable Class of
Certificates.
The "Class Certificate Balance" of a Class of Offered
Certificates on any date is equal to the Class Certificate
Balance of such Class on the Closing Date (the "Original
Class Certificate Balance") minus the aggregate of amounts
actually distributed as principal to the Holders of such
Class of Offered Certificates.
The "Carry-Forward Amount" of a Class of Offered
Certificates on any Distribution Date will equal the sum
of (a) the excess of the
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aggregate of the Class Remittance Amounts as of each
preceding Distribution Date over the amount of the actual
distributions to the Holders of such Class of Offered
Certificates made on any such Distribution Date and not
subsequently distributed, and (b) interest on the amount,
if any, of the interest component of the amount described
in clause (a) at one-twelfth of the applicable Certificate
Rate. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES" herein.
OVERCOLLATERALIZATION AND
CROSSCOLLATERALIZATION......... On any Distribution Date on which the
Overcollateralization Amount for a Loan Group is less than
the Required Overcollateralization Amount for such Loan
Group, the Remaining Net Excess Spread for such Loan Group
plus the Available Transfer Cashflow and the Net Excess
Principal, if any, will be used to make additional
distributions of principal of the related Class or Classes
of Offered Certificates ("Additional Principal") until
such Overcollateralization Amount equals the related
Required Overcollateralization Amount.
As to any Loan Group and Distribution Date, the
"Overcollateralization Amount" will equal the sum of (a)
the excess, if any, of (i) the sum of the Loan Group
Balance and the amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding
Account allocated to such Loan Group (exclusive of any
investment earnings included therein) as of the close of
business on the last day of the related Due Period, over
(ii) the Class Certificate Balance of the related Class or
Classes of Offered Certificates, after giving effect to
the distributions of the related Principal Remittance
Amount on such Distribution Date, and (b) the amount, if
any, on deposit in the Spread Account allocated to the
related Class or Classes of Offered Certificates.
The Agreement provides that, subject to certain floors,
caps and triggers, the required level of
overcollateralization (the "Required Overcollateralization
Amount") may (i) increase or decrease over time based on
the delinquency and default experience on the Home Equity
Loans in the Trust, (ii) be increased by the Certificate
Insurer at the end of the Pre-Funding Period, (iii) step
down based on the passage of time and the amortization of
the Home Equity Loans in the Trust or (iv) be reduced or
eliminated by the Certificate Insurer so long as a
Certificate Insurer Default (as defined herein) does not
exist and is not continuing.
As to any Distribution Date and Loan Group: (a) the
"Excess Spread" will equal interest collected or advanced
on the Home Equity Loans in such Loan Group (including
amounts allocated to the related Class or Classes of
Offered Certificates in the Capitalized Interest Account)
minus the sum of (i) the Interest Remittance Amount for
the related Class or Classes of Offered Certificates, (ii)
the Servicing Fee, (iii) the Back-Up Servicing Fee, (iv)
the Trustee Fee and (v) the Premium Fee (the sum of
clauses (ii) through (v), the "Expense Fees"); (b) the
"Net Excess Spread" will equal the Excess Spread remaining
after the application thereof to cover an Available Funds
Shortfall with respect to the related Loan Group; (c)
"Remaining Net Excess Spread" will equal the Net Excess
Spread remaining after the application thereof to cover an
Available Funds Shortfall with respect to the other Loan
Group and will be used to make payments of
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Additional Principal to the Class or Classes of Offered
Certificates related to such original Loan Group; (d) the
"Available Transfer Cashflow" will equal the Remaining Net
Excess Spread for the other Loan Group after the
application thereof to the payment of Additional Principal
to the Class or Classes of Offered Certificates related to
such other Loan Group; (e) the "Excess Principal" will
equal the lesser of (i) the portion of the Basic Principal
Amount for such Loan Group which is not required to be
included in the Principal Remittance Amount for the
related Class or Classes of Offered Certificates on such
Distribution Date and (ii) the amount of such portion re-
maining after the application of the related Available
Remittance Amount to the Required Payments for such Loan
Group; (f) the "Net Excess Principal" will equal the
Excess Principal remaining after the application thereof
to cover an Available Funds Shortfall in the other Loan
Group; (g) an "Available Funds Shortfall" is the amount by
which the Available Remittance Amount for a Loan Group is
less than the related Required Payments; and (h) the
"Required Payments" equal the sum of the related Expense
Fees (other than the Servicing Fee), the Interest
Remittance Amount(s), the Principal Remittance Amount and
reimbursement of amounts due the Certificate Insurer with
respect to such Loan Group.
SPREAD ACCOUNT.................. On the Closing Date the Trustee will establish and
thereafter maintain an account (the "Spread Account"). If
required by the Certificate Insurer, the holder of the
Class R Certificates will deliver to the Trustee for
deposit in the Spread Account the amount required by the
Certificate Insurer. Funds on deposit in the Spread
Account, if any, will be available for withdrawal to fund
any shortfalls between the available funds for
distribution to Holders of the Offered Certificates and
the related Interest Remittance Amounts or Principal
Remittance Amounts.
THE CERTIFICATE INSURER......... Capital Markets Assurance Corporation (the "Certificate
Insurer") is a New York domiciled monoline insurance
company engaged only in the business of writing financial
guaranty and surety insurance. The Certificate Insurer
insures structured asset-backed, corporate, municipal and
other financial obligations in the domestic and foreign
capital markets. The Certificate Insurer's claims-paying
ability is rated AAA by Standard & Poor's Corporation and
Aaa by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"). See
"THE POLICY AND THE CERTIFICATE INSURER" herein.
Pursuant to the Insurance and Reimbursement Agreement,
dated as of the Cut-Off Date (the "Insurance Agreement"),
among the Certificate Insurer, the Depositor, the Seller
and the Servicer, the Certificate Insurer will issue a
financial guaranty insurance policy (the "Policy")
pursuant to which it will irrevocably and unconditionally
guaranty, among other things, payment on each Distribution
Date to the Trustee for the benefit of the Holders of each
Class of Offered Certificates of the Guaranteed Interest
Payment Amount and the Guaranteed Principal Payment
Amount. The terms of the Offered Certificates and the
Agreement may not be amended unless the Certificate
Insurer has given its prior written consent.
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So long as there does not exist a failure by the
Certificate Insurer to make a required payment under the
Policy (such event, a "Certificate Insurer Default"), the
Certificate Insurer will have the right to exercise all
rights of the Holders of the Offered Certificates under
the Agreement without any consent of such Holders, and
such Holders may exercise such rights only with the prior
written consent of the Certificate Insurer except as
provided in the Agreement.
SERVICING....................... The Servicer will be responsible for servicing, managing
and making collections on the Home Equity Loans. The
Servicer will deposit all collections in respect of the
Home Equity Loans in a Loan Group into the related
Collection Account as described herein. Not later than the
18th day of the month (or if such 18th day is not a
Business Day, the preceding Business Day) (the
"Determination Date"), the Trustee will calculate the
amounts to be paid, as described herein, to the
Certificateholders on such Distribution Date. See
"DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES -- Priority of
Distributions" herein. With respect to each Due Period,
the Servicer will receive from payments in respect of
interest on the Home Equity Loans actually received, a
portion of such payments as a monthly servicing fee (the
"Servicing Fee") in the amount of 0.50% per annum (the
"Servicing Fee Rate") on the Principal Balance of each
Home Equity Loan as of the first day of each such Due
Period. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES -- Servicing
Compensation and Payment of Expenses" herein. In certain
limited circumstances, the Servicer may resign or be
removed, in which event either the Back-Up Servicer or a
third-party servicer will be appointed as a successor
Servicer. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES -- Certain
Matters Regarding the Servicer" herein.
MONTHLY ADVANCES................ The Servicer is required to remit to the Trustee no later
than the close of business on the second Business Day
preceding a Distribution Date for deposit in the
applicable Collection Account an amount equal to the sum
of (a) interest accrued on each Home Equity Loan through
the date on which the related monthly payment was due (the
"Due Date") but not received by the Servicer as of the
close of business on the related Determination Date, net
of the Servicing Fee and (b) with respect to each REO
Property which was acquired during or prior to the related
Due Period and as to which a final disposition thereof did
not occur during the related Due Period, an amount equal
to the excess, if any, of interest for the most recently
ended Due Period on the Principal Balance of the Home
Equity Loan related to such REO Property at the related
Loan Rate, net of the Servicing Fee, over the net income
from the REO Property transferred to such Collection
Account for such Distribution Date pursuant to the
Agreement (the "Monthly Advance"). The Servicer is not
required to make any Monthly Advances which it determines
would be nonrecoverable. Such Monthly Advances by the
Servicer are reimbursable to the Servicer subject to
certain conditions and restrictions. See "DESCRIPTION OF
THE CERTIFICATES -- Advances" herein.
PREPAYMENT INTEREST
SHORTFALLS..................... Not later than the second Business Day prior to the
related Distribution Date, the Servicer is required to
remit to the Trustee, up to the amount otherwise payable
to the Servicer as its aggregate Servicing
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Fee for the related Due Period, without any right of
reimbursement, an amount equal to, with respect to each
Home Equity Loan as to which a principal prepayment in
full was received from the Mortgagor during the related
Due Period, the excess, if any, of 30 days' interest on
the Principal Balance of such Home Equity Loan at the Loan
Rate (or at such lower rate as may be in effect for such
Home Equity Loan because of application of the Soldiers'
and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940, as amended (the
"Civil Relief Act"), or as a result of any reduction of
the monthly payment due on such Home Equity Loan as a
result of a bankruptcy proceeding (a "Debt Service
Reduction")) minus the Servicing Fee for such Home Equity
Loan over the amount of interest actually paid by the
related Mortgagor in connection with such principal
prepayment (with respect to all such Home Equity Loans,
the "Prepayment Interest Shortfall").
OPTIONAL TERMINATION BY THE
SERVICER....................... On any Distribution Date on which the aggregate of the
Loan Group Balances (the "Pool Balance") is less than 10%
of the sum of (i) the Pool Balance as of the Cut-Off Date
and (ii) the Principal Balance of the Subsequent Home
Equity Loans as of their respective Subsequent Cut-Off
Dates, the Servicer will have the option to purchase, in
whole, the Home Equity Loans and the REO Property, if any,
remaining in the Trust. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFI-
CATES -- Termination; Retirement of the Certificates"
herein.
OPTIONAL PURCHASE OF DEFAULTED
HOME EQUITY LOANS.............. The Servicer has the option, but is not obligated, to
purchase from the Trust any Home Equity Loan 90 days or
more delinquent at a purchase price equal to the
outstanding Principal Balance as of the date of purchase,
plus the greater of (i) all accrued and unpaid interest on
such Principal Balance and (ii) 30 days' interest on such
Principal Balance, computed at the Loan Rate, plus all un-
reimbursed amounts owing to the Certificate Insurer with
interest thereon at the rate referred to in the Insurance
Agreement. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES --
Optional Purchase of Defaulted Home Equity Loans" herein.
CERTAIN FEDERAL TAX
CONSIDERATIONS................. For federal income tax purposes, each holder of a Fixed
Rate Certificate will be treated as purchasing (1) a REMIC
regular interest with an interest rate equal to the lesser
of (a) the weighted average of the Net Loan Rates of the
Home Equity Loans in Loan Group One and (b) the
corresponding fixed Certificate Rate (such REMIC regular
interest, the "REMIC Regular Interest") and (2) the rights
to receive payments from the Yield Supplement Account.
Holders of Fixed Rate Certificates must allocate their
purchase price for such Certificates between the REMIC
Regular Interest and the right to receive payments from
the Yield Supplement Account based on the fair market
value of the REMIC Regular Interest and the rights to
receive payments from the Yield Supplement Account as of
the purchase date of the Fixed Rate Certificate. Holders
of Fixed Rate Certificates are urged to consult their own
tax advisers regarding the taxation of the right to
receive payments from the Yield Supplement Account.
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For federal income tax purposes, an election will be made
to treat certain assets of the Trust as a "real estate
mortgage investment conduit" (a "REMIC"). The REMIC
Regular Interests and the Variable Rate Certificates
(collectively, the "REMIC Certificates") will constitute
"regular interests" in a REMIC and will be treated as debt
instruments of the REMIC and as interests of the Trust for
federal income tax purposes with payment terms equivalent
to the terms of such REMIC Certificates.
The Holders of the REMIC Certificates will be required to
include in income interest on such Certificates in
accordance with the accrual method of accounting, and the
REMIC Certificates may, depending in part on their issue
price, be treated as having been issued with original
issue discount for federal income tax purposes. The rate
at which original issue discount, if any, will be
calculated is the Prepayment Ramp (as defined herein), in
the case of the REMIC Regular Interests, and 20% CPR (as
defined herein), in the case of the Variable Rate
Certificates. No representation is made that the Home
Equity Loans will prepay at that rate or at any other
rate. For further information regarding the federal income
tax consequences of investing in the REMIC Certificates,
see "CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS" in the
Prospectus.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS............ Fiduciaries of employee benefit plans subject to Title I
of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended
("ERISA"), should consider the ERISA fiduciary investment
standards before authorizing an investment by a plan in
the Offered Certificates. In addition, fiduciaries of: (i)
employee benefit plans subject to Title I of ERISA, (ii)
employee benefit plans or other retirement arrangements
(including individual retirement accounts and certain
Keogh plans) which are not subject to ERISA, but which are
subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the "Code"), or (iii) any entity whose
underlying assets are deemed to include plan assets by
reason of a plan or account investing in such entity
(each, a "Plan"), should consult with their legal counsel
to determine whether an investment in the Offered
Certificates will cause the assets of the Trust ("Trust
Assets") to be considered plan assets pursuant to the plan
asset regulations set forth in 29 C.F.R.
Section2510.3-101, thereby subjecting the Plan to the
prohibited transaction rules with respect to the Trust
Assets and the Trustee and Servicer to the fiduciary
investment standards of
ERISA, or cause the excise tax provisions of Section 4975
of the Code to apply to the Trust Assets, unless some
exemption granted by the Department of Labor applies to
the purchase, sale, transfer or holding of the Offered
Certificates.
The United States Department of Labor has issued to Bear,
Stearns & Co. Inc. an individual prohibited transaction
exemption (the "Exemption") from certain of the prohibited
transaction rules of ERISA. It is believed that the
Exemption will apply to the Offered Certificates.
Prospective Plan investors should consult with their legal
advisors concerning the impact of ERISA and the Code, the
applicability of the Exemption, and the potential
consequences in their specific instances, prior to making
an investment in the Offered Certificates. See "ERISA
CONSIDERATIONS" in the Prospectus.
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LEGAL INVESTMENT
CONSIDERATIONS................. The Offered Certificates will NOT constitute "mortgage
related securities" for purposes of the Secondary Mortgage
Market Enhancement Act of 1984 ("SMMEA"). Accordingly,
many institutions with legal authority to invest in
comparably rated securities may not be legally authorized
to invest in the Offered Certificates. See "LEGAL
INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS" in the Prospectus.
CERTIFICATE RATINGS............. It is a condition to the issuance of each Class of Offered
Certificates that they be rated in the highest rating
category by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group, a division of
The McGraw Hill Companies ("S&P") and Moody's (each a
"Rating Agency"). A security rating is not a
recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be
subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the
assigning rating agency. In addition, a security rating
does not address or assess the frequency or likelihood of
prepayments on the Home Equity Loans or the degree to
which such prepayments might differ from those originally
anticipated. A rating also does not address the
possibility that holders of the Offered Certificates might
suffer a lower than anticipated yield. See "RATINGS" and
"RISK FACTORS -- Certificate Rating Is Not A
Recommendation" herein.
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RISK FACTORS
Investors should consider, among other things, the following factors in
connection with the purchase of the Offered Certificates.
TRUST IS ONLY SOURCE OF PAYMENT. The Offered Certificates do not represent
an interest in, or the obligation of, the Depositor, the Seller, the Servicer,
the Trustee or any of their respective affiliates. The Offered Certificates will
be payable solely from the Trust. There will be no recourse to the Depositor,
the Seller, the Servicer, the Trustee or any other person for any failure to
receive distributions on the Offered Certificates. Consequently, Holders of the
Offered Certificates must rely solely upon payments with respect to the Home
Equity Loans and the other assets constituting the Trust, including any amounts
available pursuant to the Policy, for the payment of principal of and interest
on such Certificates. Neither the Offered Certificates nor the Home Equity Loans
are insured or guaranteed by any government agency or instrumentality.
SECOND MORTGAGES INCLUDE ADDITIONAL RISKS. Approximately 26.49% and 14.68%
(by aggregate Principal Balance as of the Cut-Off Date) of the Initial Home
Equity Loans in Loan Group One and Loan Group Two, respectively, are secured by
second mortgages, which are subordinate to the rights of the mortgagee under the
senior mortgage or mortgages encumbering the related Mortgaged Property ("First
Liens"). The proceeds from any foreclosure, liquidation, insurance or
condemnation proceedings will be available to satisfy the outstanding balance of
such junior mortgage only to the extent that the claims of the mortgagees under
such First Liens have been satisfied in full, including any related foreclosure
costs. In addition, a junior mortgagee may not foreclose on the Mortgaged
Property securing a junior mortgage unless it forecloses subject to the First
Liens, in which case it must either pay the entire amount due on the First Liens
to the mortgagees thereof at or prior to the foreclosure sale or undertake the
obligation to make payments on the First Liens in the event the mortgagor is in
default thereunder. The Trust will not have any source of funds to satisfy the
First Liens or make payments due to the mortgagees thereof.
Liquidation expenses with respect to defaulted home equity loans do not vary
directly with the outstanding principal balance of the loan at the time of
default. Therefore, assuming that a servicer took the same steps in realizing
upon a defaulted home equity loan having a small remaining principal balance as
it would in the case of a defaulted home equity loan having a larger principal
balance, the amount realized after expenses of liquidation would be smaller as a
percentage of the outstanding principal balance of the smaller home equity loan
than would be the case with a larger loan. Because the average outstanding
principal balances of the Home Equity Loans are small relative to the size of
the loans in a typical pool of conventional first mortgages, realizations net of
liquidation expenses on defaulted Home Equity Loans may also be smaller as a
percentage of the principal amount of the Home Equity Loans than would be the
case with respect to a typical pool of conventional first mortgage loans.
There are several factors that could adversely affect the value of Mortgaged
Properties such that the outstanding balance of the related Home Equity Loan,
together with any senior financing on the Mortgaged Properties, would equal or
exceed the value of the Mortgaged Properties. Among the factors that could
adversely affect the value of the Mortgaged Properties are an overall decline in
the residential real estate market in the areas in which the Mortgaged
Properties are located or a decline in the general condition of the Mortgaged
Properties as a result of failure of borrowers to maintain adequately the
Mortgaged Properties or of natural disasters that are not necessarily covered by
insurance, such as earthquakes and floods. Any such decline could extinguish the
value of a junior interest in Mortgaged Property before having any effect on the
related senior interest therein. If such a decline occurs, the actual rates of
delinquencies, foreclosure and losses on the junior Home Equity Loans could be
higher than those currently experienced in the mortgage lending industry in
general.
PREPAYMENTS MAY FLUCTUATE. All of the Home Equity Loans may be prepaid in
whole or in part at any time without penalty. Home equity loans, such as the
Home Equity Loans, have been originated in significant volume only during the
past few years and the Depositor is not aware of any publicly available studies
or statistics on the rate of prepayment of such loans. Generally, home equity
loans are not viewed by
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borrowers as permanent financing. Accordingly, the Home Equity Loans may
experience a higher rate of prepayment than traditional loans. The prepayment
experience of the Trust may be affected by a wide variety of factors, including
general economic conditions, interest rates, the availability of alternative
financing and homeowner mobility. In addition, all of the Home Equity Loans
contain due-on-sale provisions and the Servicer is obligated to enforce such
provisions unless such enforcement is not permitted by applicable law.
The rate of prepayments of conventional housing loans and other receivables
has fluctuated significantly in recent years. In general, however, if prevailing
interest rates fall significantly below the interest rates on the Home Equity
Loans, such loans are likely to prepay at rates higher than if prevailing
interest rates remain at or above the interest rates borne by such loans.
PAYMENTS ON THE HOME EQUITY LOANS MAY VARY. When a principal prepayment in
full is made on a Home Equity Loan, the Mortgagor is charged interest only up to
the date of such prepayment, instead of for a full month. In addition, all of
the fixed rate Home Equity Loans are Simple Interest Loans pursuant to which
interest is computed and charged to the Mortgagor on the outstanding principal
balance of the related Home Equity Loan based on the number of days elapsed
between the date through which interest was last paid on the Home Equity Loan to
receipt of the Mortgagor's most current payment, and the portions of each
monthly payment that are allocated to interest and principal are adjusted based
on the actual amount of interest charged on such basis. Consequently, if less
than a full month has elapsed between the interest paid to date and the next
payment on a Simple Interest Loan, the amount of interest actually paid by the
Mortgagor will be less than a full month's interest on the principal balance of
such Home Equity Loan. Conversely, if more than a full month has elapsed between
payments on a Simple Interest Loan, the amount of interest actually paid by the
Mortgagor will be greater than a full month's interest on the principal balance
of such Home Equity Loan.
Each ARM will be serviced as an Actuarial Loan. Actuarial Loans provide that
interest is charged to each related Mortgagor, and payments are due therefrom,
as of a scheduled day in each month that is fixed at the time of origination.
Scheduled monthly payments by a Mortgagor on an Actuarial Loan either earlier or
later than the scheduled due date therefor will not affect the amortization
schedule or the relative application of such payment to principal and interest.
BALLOON LOANS MAY AFFECT DISTRIBUTIONS. Approximately 29.08% (by aggregate
Principal Balance as of the Cut-Off Date) of the Initial Home Equity Loans in
Loan Group One have original terms to stated maturity of up to 15 years and
amortization schedules of up to 30 years ("Balloon Loans"), leaving a
substantial payment due at the stated maturity (each, a "Balloon Payment"). The
ability of a Mortgagor to repay a Balloon Loan at maturity frequently will
depend on such Mortgagor's ability to refinance the Balloon Loan. The ability of
a Mortgagor to refinance such a Balloon Loan will be affected by a number of
factors, including the level of available mortgage rates at the time, the value
of the related Mortgaged Property, the Mortgagor's equity in the related
Mortgaged Property, the financial condition of the Mortgagor, the tax laws and
general economic conditions at the time.
Although a low interest rate environment may facilitate the refinancing of a
Balloon Payment, the receipt and reinvestment by Certificateholders of the
proceeds in such an environment may produce a lower return than that previously
received in respect of the related Home Equity Loan. Conversely, a high interest
rate environment may make it more difficult for the Mortgagor to accomplish a
refinancing and may result in delinquencies or defaults. None of the Depositor,
the Seller, the Servicer or the Trustee will be obligated to provide funds to
refinance any Home Equity Loan.
PRE-FUNDING MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT INVESTMENT. If the principal amount of
eligible Home Equity Loans available during the Pre-Funding Period is less than
100% of the original Pre-Funded Amount, the Depositor will have insufficient
Home Equity Loans to sell to the Trust on the Subsequent Transfer Dates, thereby
resulting in prepayments of principal to Holders of one or more Classes of
Offered Certificates as described herein. Any such principal prepayment may
adversely affect the yield to maturity of the applicable Class or Classes of
Offered Certificates. Since prevailing interest rates are subject to
fluctuation, there can be no
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assurance that investors will be able to reinvest such a prepayment at yields
equaling or exceeding the yields on the related Offered Certificates. It is
possible that the yield on any such reinvestment will be lower, and may be
significantly lower, than the yield on the related Offered Certificates.
Each Subsequent Home Equity Loan must satisfy the eligibility criteria set
forth in the Agreement. However, Subsequent Home Equity Loans may be originated
or purchased by the Seller using credit criteria different from those which were
applied to the Initial Home Equity Loans and may be of a lesser credit quality.
Therefore, following the transfer of Subsequent Home Equity Loans to a Loan
Group, the aggregate characteristics of the Home Equity Loans then held by the
Trust as part of such Loan Group may vary from those of the Initial Home Equity
Loans in such Loan Group.
The ability of the Trust to invest in Subsequent Home Equity Loans is
largely dependent upon whether the Seller is able to originate or purchase home
equity loans which meet the requirements for transfer to the Trust under the
Purchase Agreement and the Agreement. The ability of the Seller to originate or
purchase such mortgage loans is affected by a variety of social and economic
factors. Economic factors include interest rates, unemployment levels, the rate
of inflation and consumer perception of economic conditions generally.
UNDERWRITING STANDARDS MAY AFFECT PERFORMANCE. As described herein,
Champion's underwriting standards generally are less stringent than those of
FNMA or FHLMC with respect to a borrower's credit history and in certain other
respects. A borrower's past credit history may not preclude Champion from making
a loan; however, it will reduce the size (and consequently the Combined
Loan-to-Value Ratio) of the loan that Champion is willing to make. As a result
of this approach to underwriting, the Home Equity Loans in the Trust may
experience higher rates of delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures than
mortgage loans underwritten in a more traditional manner.
THE SERVICER HAS LIMITED HISTORY. Prior to June 1993, Champion conducted
its servicing operations through its loan servicing department. These operations
primarily involved servicing home equity loans funded by Champion pending sale
to third parties on a servicing-released basis and servicing home equity loans
retained by Champion. In June 1993, these operations were incorporated into a
separate corporation and, as of March 31, 1996, the Servicer's servicing
portfolio was approximately $348,825,000. The lack of a significant servicing
portfolio may make it more difficult to assess the likely delinquency and loss
experience on the Home Equity Loans. The Back-Up Servicer will be obligated
pursuant to the Agreement to maintain current servicing records for the Home
Equity Loans and to recalculate certain servicing information furnished by the
Servicer to the Trustee on a monthly basis. See "THE SELLER AND THE SERVICER,"
"CHAMPION'S HOME EQUITY LOAN PROGRAM" and "DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES --
Back-Up Servicer" herein.
GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION MAY AFFECT PERFORMANCE. Approximately 79.04% and
74.58% (by aggregate Principal Balance as of the Cut-Off Date) of the Initial
Home Equity Loans in Loan Group One and Loan Group Two, respectively, are
secured by Mortgaged Properties located in New Jersey and New York. To the
extent that the Northeast region has experienced or may experience in the future
weaker economic conditions or greater rates of decline in real estate values
than the United States generally, such a concentration of the Home Equity Loans
may be expected to exacerbate the foregoing risks. The Depositor can neither
quantify the impact of any recent property value declines on the Home Equity
Loans nor predict whether, to what extent or for how long such declines may
continue.
BOOK-ENTRY REGISTRATION MAY AFFECT LIQUIDITY. Issuance of the Offered
Certificates in book-entry form may reduce the liquidity of such Certificates in
the secondary trading market since investors may be unwilling to purchase
Offered Certificates for which they cannot obtain physical certificates.
Since transactions in the Offered Certificates will, in most cases, be able
to be effected only through Participants, Indirect Participants and certain
banks, the ability of a Certificate Owner (defined herein under "DESCRIPTION OF
THE CERTIFICATES -- Book-Entry Registration") to pledge an Offered Certificate
to persons or entities that do not participate in the DTC system, or otherwise
to take actions in respect of such certificate, may be limited due to lack of a
physical certificate representing the Certificates.
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Certificate Owners may experience some delay in their receipt of
distributions of interest on and principal of the Offered Certificates since
distributions will be required to be forwarded by the Trustee to DTC and DTC
will be required to credit such distributions to the accounts of its
Participants which thereafter will be required to credit them to the accounts of
the applicable Certificate Owners either directly or indirectly through Indirect
Participants. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES -- Book-Entry Registration"
herein.
CERTIFICATE RATING IS NOT A RECOMMENDATION. The rating of the Offered
Certificates will depend primarily on an assessment by the Rating Agencies of
the Home Equity Loans and upon the claims-paying ability of the Certificate
Insurer. Any reduction in a rating assigned to the claims-paying ability of the
Certificate Insurer below the rating initially given to the Offered Certificates
may result in a reduction in the rating of such Certificates. The rating by the
Rating Agencies of the Offered Certificates is not a recommendation to purchase,
hold or sell the Offered Certificates, inasmuch as such rating does not comment
as to the market price or suitability for a particular investor. There is no
assurance that the ratings will remain in place for any given period of time or
that the ratings will not be lowered or withdrawn by the Rating Agencies.
DESCRIPTION OF THE HOME EQUITY LOANS
GENERAL
The Initial Home Equity Loans were, and any Subsequent Home Equity Loans
will be, originated by the Seller or an affiliate in accordance with the
policies set forth under "CHAMPION'S HOME EQUITY LOAN PROGRAM." All of the
Initial Home Equity Loans are, and all Subsequent Home Equity Loans will be,
home equity loans bearing fixed or adjustable interest rates (the "Loan Rates")
and evidenced by promissory notes (the "Mortgage Notes") secured by deeds of
trust, security deeds or mortgages on Mortgaged Properties.
The Home Equity Loans are secured by either first or second mortgages or
deeds of trust on Mortgaged Properties located in seven states and the District
of Columbia. The Mortgaged Properties securing the Home Equity Loans consist
primarily of one- to four-family residential properties. The Mortgaged
Properties may be owner-occupied and non-owner occupied (which includes second
and vacation homes). The Home Equity Loans will be divided into two groups
(each, a "Loan Group"): "Loan Group One" and "Loan Group Two."
Each Home Equity Loan (including Subsequent Home Equity Loans, if any) in
Loan Group One will be a Simple Interest Loan bearing interest at a fixed rate.
Certain of the Home Equity Loans in Loan Group One will have original terms to
stated maturity of up to 15 years and amortization schedules of up to 30 years
("Balloon Loans"), leaving a substantial payment due at the stated maturity
(each, a "Balloon Payment").
Each Home Equity Loan (including Subsequent Home Equity Loans, if any) in
Loan Group Two will bear interest at an adjustable rate and will be serviced as
an Actuarial Loan. The Loan Rate borne by each ARM is subject to adjustment
annually on the date set forth in the related Mortgage Note (each, a "Change
Date") to equal the sum of (i) the weekly average yield on U.S. Treasury
securities adjusted to a constant maturity of one year, as made available by the
Federal Reserve Board as of the date 45 days before the applicable Change Date
(the "Index") and (ii) the number of basis points set forth in such Mortgage
Note (the "Gross Margin"), subject to rounding and to the effects of the
Periodic Cap, the applicable Lifetime Cap and the applicable Lifetime Floor. The
"Periodic Cap" limits changes in the Loan Rate for each ARM on each Change Date
to 200 basis points. The "Lifetime Cap" is the maximum Loan Rate that may be
borne by an ARM over its life and is equal to the sum of (i) the initial Loan
Rate for such ARM and (ii) 600 basis points. The "Lifetime Floor" is the minimum
Loan Rate that may be borne by an ARM over its life and is equal to the initial
Loan Rate for such ARM. The ARMs do not provide for negative amortization.
S-18
<PAGE>
STATISTICAL INFORMATION
Set forth below is certain summary statistical information regarding the
Initial Home Equity Loans expected to be included in each Loan Group as of the
Closing Date. All such information is approximate and is given as of the Cut-Off
Date. More detailed statistical information is set forth in Appendix A. Prior to
the Closing Date, Home Equity Loans may be removed from either Loan Group and
other Home Equity Loans may be substituted therefor. In addition, Home Equity
Loans may be prepaid at any time. As a result, certain characteristics of the
Home Equity Loans in one or both Loan Groups may vary from the characteristics
set forth below and in Appendix A as of the Cut-Off Date.
LOAN GROUP ONE. With respect to the Initial Home Equity Loans in Loan Group
One as of the Cut-Off Date: the Principal Balances ranged from $9,728 to
$455,000; the average Principal Balance was $63,855; the Loan Rates ranged from
7.250% to 16.990%; the weighted average Loan Rate was 10.186%; the original
Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios ranged from 5.75% to 100.00%; the weighted average
original Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio was 65.17%; the remaining terms to stated
maturity of the Balloon Loans ranged from 173 months to 180 months; the weighted
average remaining term to stated maturity of the Balloon Loans was 179 months;
the remaining terms to stated maturity of the non-Balloon Loans ranged from 59
months to 360 months; the weighted average remaining term to stated maturity of
the non-Balloon Loans was 215 months; approximately 29.08% of the Home Equity
Loans are Balloon Loans; the number of months since funding ranged from 0 months
to 7 months; the weighted average number of months since funding was 1 month;
and no more than 2.05% of the Home Equity Loans will be secured by Mortgaged
Properties located in any one postal zip code area.
LOAN GROUP TWO. With respect to the Initial Home Equity Loans in Loan Group
Two as of the Cut-Off Date: the Principal Balances ranged from $9,954 to
$414,676; the average Principal Balance was $71,807; the current Loan Rates
ranged from 7.125% to 11.990%; the weighted average current Loan Rate was
8.654%; the original Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios ranged from 6.03% to 80.00%;
the weighted average original Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio was 67.83%; the
remaining terms to stated maturity ranged from 119 months to 360 months; the
weighted average remaining term to stated maturity was 301 months; the number of
months since funding ranged from 0 months to 2 months; the weighted average
number of months since funding was 1 month; the Gross Margins ranged from 4.350%
to 8.625%; the weighted average Gross Margin was 5.541%; the Lifetime Floors
ranged from 7.125% to 11.990%; the weighted average Lifetime Floor was 8.654%;
the Lifetime Caps ranged from 13.125% to 17.990%; the weighted average Lifetime
Cap was 14.654%; the weighted average number of months to the next Change Date
was 11 months; and no more than 1.46% of the Home Equity Loans are secured by
Mortgaged Properties located in any one postal zip code area.
SUBSEQUENT HOME EQUITY LOANS
The Depositor expects to sell Subsequent Home Equity Loans to the Trust
during the Pre-Funding Period for inclusion in the applicable Loan Group. The
purchase price for each Subsequent Home Equity Loan will equal the outstanding
principal balance thereof as of the opening of business on the first day of the
month in which such Subsequent Home Equity Loan is transferred to the Trust
(each, a "Subsequent Cut-Off Date") and will be paid by withdrawal of funds on
deposit in the Pre-Funding Account allocated to the applicable Loan Group. The
Subsequent Home Equity Loans may have been originated more recently than, and
may have other characteristics which differ from, the Initial Home Equity Loans
in each Loan Group. As a result, following any sale of Subsequent Home Equity
Loans to the Trust, the description of the Loan Groups set forth above and in
Appendix A may not accurately reflect the characteristics of all of the Initial
Home Equity Loans and Subsequent Home Equity Loans in such Loan Groups. However,
the Subsequent Home Equity Loans must conform to the representations and
warranties set forth in the Purchase Agreement and the Agreement. Following the
end of the Pre-Funding Period, the Depositor expects that the Home Equity Loans
(including Subsequent Home Equity Loans) in Loan Group One and Loan Group Two
will have the following approximate characteristics:
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<PAGE>
LOAN GROUP ONE
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Average Unpaid Principal Balance............... no more than $70,000
Weighted Average Loan Rate..................... at least 10.000%
Weighted Average Remaining Term to Stated
Maturity
Balloon.................................... no more than 180 months
Non-Balloon................................ no more than 215 months
Weighted Average Original Combined no more than 70.00%
Loan-to-Value Ratio...........................
Weighted Average Loan Age...................... 0 months - 1 month
Loans Secured by Primary Residences............ at least 90.00%
Single Family Detached......................... at least 70.00%
</TABLE>
LOAN GROUP TWO
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Average Unpaid Principal Balance............... no more than $90,000
Weighted Average Initial Loan Rate............. at least 8.500%
Weighted Average Remaining Term to Stated no more than 310 months
Maturity......................................
Weighted Average Original Combined no more than 70.00%
Loan-to-Value Ratio...........................
Weighted Average Loan Age...................... 0 months - 1 month
Weighted Average Gross Margin.................. at least 5.00%
Loans Secured by Primary Residences............ at least 90.00%
Single Family Detached......................... at least 70.00%
</TABLE>
THE SELLER AND THE SERVICER
Champion Mortgage Co., Inc. (the "Seller") is a mortgage banking company
which originates non-conforming home equity loans secured by first or second
liens primarily on one- to four-family residential properties. The Seller
conducts its business directly and through four affiliated companies: Champion
Mortgage Corp., which originates non-conforming mortgage loans in Maryland,
Virginia and the District of Columbia ("CMC"); Champion Wholesale Corp., which
purchases non-conforming mortgage loans from selected financial institutions
("CWC"); Champion Financial Services Corp., which sells credit life and
disability insurance to borrowers ("CFSC"); and Champion Mortgage Servicing
Corp. (the "Servicer"), which services loans for its affiliates and others.
Champion Mortgage Co., Inc., CMC, CWC, CFSC and the Servicer are referred to
herein collectively as "Champion." Champion is privately held by members of the
Goryeb family certain of whom also serve as senior officers of Champion.
Champion expanded its operations in 1988. From October 1, 1988 to March 31,
1996, Champion has funded approximately $1.8 billion of mortgage loans. For the
three fiscal years ended September 30, 1995, Champion funded $298.3 million,
$295.5 million and $237.0 million, respectively, of mortgage loans. For the six
months ended March 31, 1996, Champion funded approximately $234 million of
mortgage loans. Champion discontinued its origination of conforming first
mortgage loans as of May, 1994. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 1995,
approximately 56.26% and 43.74% of Champion's originations were secured by first
liens and second liens, respectively. During the six months ended March 31,
1996, approximately 68.2% and 31.8% of Champion's originations were secured by
first liens and second liens, respectively.
S-20
<PAGE>
Substantially all of Champion's mortgage loans have been originated directly
by Champion through its own employees located at its corporate headquarters or
at any of its eight branch offices located in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania
and Maryland. Champion makes extensive use of advertising, including direct
mailing, to locate potential customers and generally conducts the application
and loan approval process by telephone. As of March 31, 1996, Champion was
originating mortgage loans secured by residential properties in New Jersey, New
York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and the District
of Columbia.
Until June 1993, Champion sold the majority of its loan production to
institutional investors pursuant to bulk purchase or flow-purchase agreements.
The mortgage loans were sold at a premium, on a rate participation basis or
based on a combination of both methods. All mortgage loans were sold on a
servicing released, non-recourse basis. In June 1993, Champion began to sell
mortgage loans on a servicing retained basis, and as of March 31, 1996, Champion
was servicing approximately $348,825,000 of mortgage loans for itself and
others.
As of the end of March 1996, Champion had approximately 305 employees.
Champion occupies 43,000 square feet in a four story building located at 20
Waterview Boulevard, Parsippany, New Jersey 07054. Its telephone number is (201)
402-7700.
CHAMPION'S HOME EQUITY LOAN PROGRAM
GENERAL
Champion's principal product is a closed end, fixed rate, fully amortizing
mortgage loan with an original term to maturity of 15 years. Champion also
offers fixed rate fully-amortizing mortgage loans with original terms to
maturity of 5, 7, 10, 20 and 30 years and fixed rate mortgage loans with
original terms to maturity of 5 or 7 years and an amortization schedule of up to
15 years or an original term to maturity of up to 15 years and an amortization
schedule of up to 30 years. Champion also offers closed end, adjustable rate,
fully-amortizing mortgage loans with original terms to maturity of either 15 or
30 years. Each adjustable rate mortgage loan provides for annual adjustments
based on changes in the level of the Index, subject to rounding, the Periodic
Cap and the applicable Lifetime Cap and the applicable Lifetime Floor.
In most instances, Champion's mortgage loans are non-purchase money
mortgages secured by first or second liens on owner-occupied one- to four-family
residential properties, including townhouses and individual units in
condominiums and planned unit developments. In the fiscal year ended September
30, 1995 and the six months ended March 31, 1996, approximately 95.4% and 95.2%,
respectively, of the mortgage loans originated by Champion were secured by owner
occupied residences. Champion also makes mortgage loans secured by first or
second liens on residential rental properties or vacation properties.
All of Champion's fixed rate mortgage loans are Simple Interest Loans. A
Simple Interest Loan provides for a series of substantially equal monthly
payments which, if paid when due, will fully amortize the amount financed by the
scheduled maturity date. Each monthly payment includes an installment of
interest which is calculated on the basis of the outstanding principal balance
of the mortgage loan multiplied by the stated Loan Rate and further multiplied
by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the period
elapsed since the preceding payment of interest was made and the denominator of
which is the number of days in the annual period for which interest accrues on
such loan. As payments are received under a Simple Interest Loan, the amount
received is applied first to interest accrued to the date of payment and the
balance is applied to reduce the unpaid principal balance. Accordingly, if a
borrower pays a fixed monthly installment on a Simple Interest Loan before its
scheduled due date, the portion of the payment allocable to interest for the
period since the preceding payment was made will be less than it would have been
had the payment been made as scheduled, and the portion of the payment applied
to reduce the unpaid principal balance will be correspondingly greater.
Conversely, if a borrower pays the fixed monthly installment after the scheduled
due date, the portion of the payment allocable to interest will be greater, and
the amortization of the unpaid principal balance will be correspondingly less.
S-21
<PAGE>
All of Champion's mortgage loans may be prepaid by the borrowers in whole or
in part at any time without penalty. Late charges are assessed on loans for
which payments are made after applicable grace periods established by federal
and state laws. None of Champion's mortgage loans are insured or guaranteed by
any governmental agency or instrumentality, and none are covered by primary
mortgage guaranty insurance policies.
UNDERWRITING PROCEDURES
The following is a description of the underwriting procedures customarily
employed by Champion with respect to fixed rate and adjustable rate mortgage
loans secured by first or second liens primarily on one- to four- family
residential properties. Champion's underwriting process, which is centralized at
its corporate headquarters, is intended to assess the applicant's credit
standing and repayment ability and the value and adequacy of the real property
security as collateral for the proposed loan. Champion considers itself to be a
credit lender as opposed to an equity lender, focusing primarily on the
borrower's ability and willingness to repay, and only secondarily on the
potential value of the collateral upon foreclosure, in determining whether or
not to make a mortgage loan. As of March 31, 1996, Champion employed 72 loan
officers and 11 underwriters. Underwriters are primarily promoted from within
Champion on a selective basis in order to maintain the quality and integrity of
Champion's business philosophy. All underwriters receive fixed annual salaries
which are not based on underwriting volume.
The application process generally is conducted by telephone. Each applicant
for a mortgage loan is required to supply the information necessary to complete
an application which lists the applicant's liabilities, income, credit and
employment history and other demographic and personal information. If the
information in the loan application demonstrates that the applicant has
sufficient income and that there is sufficient equity in the real property to
justify making a mortgage loan, the loan officer will conduct a further credit
investigation of the applicant. This investigation includes obtaining and
reviewing an independent credit bureau report on the credit history of the
applicant in order to evaluate the applicant's ability to repay. The credit
report typically contains information relating to such matters as credit history
with local merchants and lenders, installment debt payments and any record of
defaults, bankruptcy, collateral repossessions, suits or judgments. Any adverse
information contained in the credit report must be acceptable (and if requested,
explained) to the loan officer.
Based on the information obtained from the applicant, the loan officer
advises the applicant of the loan program for which the applicant qualifies.
Upon gaining the agreement of the applicant, the loan officer submits the
application to the underwriting department for further review. An underwriter
will then evaluate the submission in accordance with certain established
guidelines. The underwriter will either approve, reject, or amend the loan
request based on the information submitted in the application. If the applicant
accepts the amendment, the underwriter will approve the amended loan
application.
The application is then further processed to verify the accuracy of the
information therein. Verification may take the form of written or verbal
communication with the applicant's employer or recent pay stubs and current W-2
forms supplied by the applicant. Income tax returns also may be obtained and
reviewed. Self-employed borrowers generally are required to have been in
business for at least two years and must provide signed federal income tax
returns, including all schedules thereto, for the past two tax years, and may be
required to furnish personal and business financial statements if deemed
necessary by the underwriter.
In certain circumstances, Champion may not be able to verify the income
claimed on the application but is able to document adequate cashflow to support
the loan for which the application was made. In such circumstances, the
permitted combined loan-to-value ratio will be less than otherwise would be the
case. Approximately 32.58% (by aggregate Principal Balance as of the Cut-Off
Date) of the Initial Home Equity Loans in Loan Group One were underwritten using
such alternative approach to income verification. None of the Initial Home
Equity Loans in Loan Group Two were so underwritten.
S-22
<PAGE>
If there is a senior mortgage on the property to be used as security for the
mortgage loan, the loan officer also evaluates the type and outstanding balance
of the senior mortgage loan and its payment history. Champion obtains a credit
reference on the senior mortgage by using either credit bureau information,
telephone verification, the year-end senior mortgage statement, canceled checks
or written verification from the senior mortgagee.
In every instance, the property securing a loan made by Champion is
appraised and title insurance acquired before the loan is closed. Champion
requires appraisals on all properties that will secure its mortgage loans. Such
appraisals are conducted by approved, independent third-party appraisers who are
paid a fee by the applicant, regardless of whether the application for a
mortgage loan is approved. All appraisals are required to be on forms approved
by FNMA or FHLMC. Champion obtains a lender's title insurance policy or binder,
or other assurance of title customary in the relevant jurisdiction. Homeowners
insurance coverage is required on every property securing a home equity loan
originated by Champion. Necessary coverage and mortgagee clause endorsements are
acquired and monitored by the loan servicing department. Forced-placed policies
are acquired for properties in which the borrower has allowed coverage to lapse.
After obtaining all applicable employment, credit and property information,
Champion determines whether sufficient unencumbered equity in the property
exists and whether the prospective borrower has sufficient monthly income
available to support the payments of principal and interest on the mortgage loan
in addition to any senior mortgage loan payments (including any escrows for
property taxes and hazard insurance premiums) and other monthly credit
obligations. Champion applies the "debt-to-gross income ratio" which is the
ratio of the borrower's total monthly payments on all outstanding debt
(including the new loan) to the borrower's gross verifiable monthly income. The
debt-to-gross income ratio generally may not exceed 45%. For ARMs, such ratios
generally are calculated using the "fully indexed" rate (i.e., the sum of the
applicable Index and the related Gross Margin). In addition, the maximum
Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio of any mortgage loan may not exceed 100% and may be
reduced depending on a number of factors, including the applicant's credit
history and employment status.
Any exceptions to the underwriting policies may be approved by the manager
of the underwriting department or a member of the Goryeb family. The factors
considered when determining if an exception to the general underwriting
standards should be made include: the quality of the property, how long the
borrower has owned the property, the amount of disposable income, the type and
length of employment, the credit history, the current and pending debt
obligations, the payment habits and the status of past and currently existing
mortgages.
When an application is approved, a mortgage loan is completed by signing the
applicable loan documents, including a promissory note and mortgage. All
mortgage loans are closed by approved attorneys. Following the three business
day rescission period required by the federal Truth-in-Lending Act, a mortgage
loan is fully funded. Scheduled repayment of principal and interest on such loan
generally begins one month from the date interest starts to accrue. After a
mortgage loan is underwritten, approved and funded, the loan package is reviewed
by an employee.
REFINANCING POLICY
Where Champion believes that borrowers having existing loans with Champion
are likely to refinance such loans due to interest rate changes or other
reasons, Champion actively attempts to retain such borrowers through
solicitations of such borrowers to refinance with Champion. Such refinancings
generate fee and servicing income for Champion. Since the solicited borrowers
may refinance their existing loans in any case, Champion believes that this
practice will be unlikely to affect the prepayment experience of the mortgage
loans in a material respect. Champion also has solicited its borrowers who are
in good standing to apply for additional loans, consistent with its origination
standards where deemed appropriate.
S-23
<PAGE>
SERVICING OF HOME EQUITY LOANS
The Servicer has established standard policies for the servicing and
collection of the mortgage loans. Servicing includes, but is not limited to,
post-origination loan processing, customer service, collections, remittance
processing and liquidations.
The Servicer sends a monthly statement to each of its borrowers. Collection
procedures vary somewhat depending on whether a late payment is the first
payment due under the mortgage loan. If the first payment is not received on or
prior to the due date, an initial phone call is made on the first business day
after the due date. Phone calls continue on a daily basis until contact is made.
A "Friendly Reminder Letter" is sent on the second business day after the due
date. If no contact is made with the borrower by the 10th day after the due
date, a "Pre-foreclosure Letter" is sent, and a qualified outside agency is used
to inspect the property. On the 20th day after a first payment default a Notice
of Default is sent to the borrower. This letter indicates an intent to
accelerate the mortgage loan if satisfactory arrangements are not made within
ten days.
If the delinquency relates to a due date other than the first due date, a
Friendly Reminder Letter is sent on the second business day after the due date.
On the fifth day after the due date, telephone calls to the borrower begin and
telephone calls continue on a daily basis until payment is received or contact
is made. In addition, a series of mailings is made depending on the customer's
payment history. On the 20th day of delinquency a Notice of Default is sent. A
qualified outside agency is used to conduct an interview with the borrower and
the property is inspected.
Accounts which are 32 days past due without a specific arrangement for
repayment will be sent a Notice of Intent to Foreclosure which gives the
customer five days in which to respond. On the 37th day of delinquency, a
determination whether to foreclose is made. If the Servicer decides to
foreclose, the necessary documentation is sent to an approved attorney who then
sends the borrower an acceleration letter allowing the borrower 30 days to
reinstate the mortgage. When foreclosure proceedings are initiated, a third
party appraiser completes a drive-by evaluation of the property and obtains
comparable sales prices and listings in the area. In addition, homeowner's
insurance is verified and the status of senior mortgages and property taxes is
checked. Subject to applicable state law, all legal expenses are assessed to the
account and become the responsibility of the borrower.
Regulations and practices regarding the liquidation of properties (e.g.,
foreclosure) and the rights of the borrower in default vary greatly from state
to state. The Servicer will decide that liquidation is the appropriate course of
action only if a delinquency cannot otherwise be cured. If the Servicer
determines that purchasing a property securing a mortgage loan will minimize the
loss associated with such defaulted loan, the Servicer may bid at the
foreclosure sale for such property or accept a deed in lieu of foreclosure.
Servicing and collection practices may change over time in accordance with,
among other things, the Servicer's business judgment, changes in the portfolio
and applicable laws and regulations. Any realization from the sale of foreclosed
property is taken as a recovery. After the Servicer acquires title to a
mortgaged property by foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure, an approved
realtor is selected to list and advertise the property.
The Servicer may not foreclose on the property securing a junior mortgage
loan unless it forecloses subject to all senior mortgages. If any senior
mortgage loan is in default after the Servicer has initiated its foreclosure
actions, the Servicer may advance funds to keep such senior mortgage loan
current until such time as the Servicer satisfies such senior mortgage loan.
Such amounts are added to the balance of the mortgage loan. In the event that
foreclosure proceedings have been instituted on any senior mortgage prior to the
initiation of the Servicer's foreclosure action, the Servicer will either
satisfy the senior mortgage loan at the time of the foreclosure sale or take
other action to protect its interest in the related property.
S-24
<PAGE>
DELINQUENCY AND LOSS EXPERIENCE
As described above under "THE SELLER AND SERVICER," Champion historically
has sold the majority of its loan production on a servicing-released basis. Such
mortgage loans typically are sold within 30 to 60 days after funding and are
serviced by the Servicer pending completion of the sale. In addition, the
Servicer services mortgage loans retained by Champion. Champion has no reliable
delinquency or loss information with respect to the mortgage loans it has sold.
Set forth below is the delinquency and loss experience on the mortgage loans
serviced by the Servicer (and prior to formation of the Servicer, by the Seller)
for the periods and at the dates indicated.
DELINQUENCY EXPERIENCE
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS ENDING
YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, MARCH 31,
-------------------------------- ----------------------
1993 1994 1995 1995 1996
--------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Number of loans........................................... 745 1,588 4,416 2,806 6,419
Dollar amount of loans.................................... $ 36,214 $ 75,916 $ 214,860 $ 133,193 $ 348,825
Delinquency Period
30-59 days
% of number of loans (1)................................ 1.07% 0.12% 1.18% 0.52% 1.08%
% of dollar amount of loans (2)......................... 0.42% 0.07% 1.12% 0.62% 1.08%
60-89 days
% of number of loans (1)................................ 0.13% 0.06% 0.25% 0.14% 0.06%
% of dollar amount of loans (2)......................... 0.08% 0.05% 0.16% 0.21% 0.07%
90 days and over (3)
% of number of loans (1)................................ 0.94% 0.00% 0.38% 0.10% 0.63%
% of dollar amount of loans (2)......................... 0.76% 0.00% 0.46% 0.09% 0.67%
Foreclosed Properties
% of number of loans (1)................................ 0.67% 0.00% 0.21% 0.07% 0.41%
% of dollar amount of loans (2)......................... 0.56% 0.00% 0.30% 0.06% 0.56%
Total (3)
% of number of loans (1)................................ 2.14% 0.18% 1.81% 0.76% 1.77%
% of dollar amount of loans (2)......................... 1.26% 0.12% 1.74% 0.92% 1.82%
</TABLE>
- ------------------------
(1) The number of delinquent loans as a percentage of the total "Number of
loans" as of the date indicated.
(2) The dollar amount of delinquent loans as a percentage of the total "Dollar
amount of loans" as of date indicated.
(3) Includes foreclosures and REO.
LOSS EXPERIENCE
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIX MONTHS ENDING
YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, MARCH 31,
-------------------------------------- --------------------------
1993 1994 1995 1995 1996
----------- ----------- ------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Average dollar amount of loans outstanding
during period...................................... $ 25,765 $ 43,374 $ 144,721 $ 108,717 $ 283,761
Net Losses (Gains) (1).............................. $ 199 $ 146 $ 145 $ (21) $ 25
Net Losses (Gains) as a percentage of average amount
outstanding........................................ 0.77% 0.34% 0.10% (0.04%)(2) 0.02%(2)
</TABLE>
- ------------------------------
(1) "Net Losses" means Gross Losses minus Recoveries.
(2) Annualized.
S-25
<PAGE>
The delinquency and loss experience set forth above represents the
experience with respect to only a portion of Champion's loan production for the
periods indicated. In addition, because the majority of Champion's loan
production typically is sold within 30 to 60 days after funding, many of the
mortgage loans serviced by the Servicer are not serviced long enough for such
mortgage loans to give rise to some or all of the periods of delinquency or loss
reflected in the tables above. In the absence of such sales, the delinquency and
loss experience reflected in the above tables could be substantially different.
In addition, Champion only began originating ARMs in September, 1994. Champion
has no meaningful basis on which to assess the possible delinquency and loss
experience of the ARMs. The delinquencies and losses on the ARMs could be
significantly higher than those on Champion's fixed rate Home Equity Loans.
Until such time as Champion develops a meaningful servicing portfolio, the
reported delinquency and loss experience is unlikely to have any predictive
value with respect to the delinquency and loss experience of the Home Equity
Loans. As a result, it is unlikely that the delinquency and loss experience on
the Home Equity Loans will be comparable to that reported above.
PREPAYMENT AND YIELD CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL
The rate of principal payments on a Class of Offered Certificates, the
aggregate amount of distributions on such Certificates and the yield to maturity
of such Certificates will be related to the rate and timing of payments of
principal on the Home Equity Loans in the related Loan Group. The rate of
principal payments on the Home Equity Loans will in turn be affected by the
amortization schedules of the Home Equity Loans (including, in the case of ARMs,
changes thereto to accommodate changes in the Loan Rate) and by the rate of
principal prepayments (including for this purpose prepayments resulting from
refinancing, liquidations of the Home Equity Loans due to defaults, casualties,
condemnations and repurchases by the Seller or purchases by the Servicer). The
Home Equity Loans may be prepaid by the Mortgagors at any time without a
prepayment penalty.
Prepayments, liquidations and purchases of the Home Equity Loans (including
any optional purchase by the Servicer of a defaulted Home Equity Loan and any
optional purchase of the remaining Home Equity Loans in connection with the
termination of the Trust, in each case as described herein) will result in
distributions on the related Class or Classes of Offered Certificates of
principal amounts which would otherwise be distributed over the remaining terms
of the Home Equity Loans. In addition, any Pre-Funded Amount allocated to a Loan
Group remaining at the end of the Pre-Funding Period will be distributed as a
prepayment of the related Class or Classes of Offered Certificates. Since the
rate of payment of principal of the Home Equity Loans will depend on future
events and a variety of factors, no assurance can be given as to such rate or
the rate of principal prepayments. The extent to which the yield to maturity of
an Offered Certificate may vary from the anticipated yield will depend upon the
degree to which such Certificate is purchased at a discount or premium.
The prepayment experience on non-conventional home equity loans may differ
from that on conventional first mortgage loans, primarily due to the credit
quality of the typical borrower. Because the credit histories of many home
equity borrowers may preclude them from other traditional sources of financing,
such borrowers may be less likely to refinance due to a decline in market
interest rates. Non-conventional home equity loans may experience more
prepayments in a rising interest rate environment as the borrowers' finances are
stressed to the point of default.
The rate of prepayments on the Home Equity Loans cannot be predicted. Home
equity loans such as the Home Equity Loans have been originated in significant
volume only during the past few years and the Depositor is not aware of any
publicly available studies or statistics on the rate of prepayment of such home
equity loans. Generally, home equity loans are not viewed by borrowers as
permanent financing. Accordingly, the Home Equity Loans may experience a higher
rate of prepayment than traditional first mortgage loans. The prepayment
experience of the Trust with respect to the Home Equity Loans may be affected by
a
S-26
<PAGE>
wide variety of factors, including economic conditions, prevailing interest rate
levels, the availability of alternative financing and homeowner mobility and
changes affecting the deductibility for federal income tax purposes of interest
payments on home equity loans. All of the Home Equity Loans contain
"due-on-sale" provisions, and the Servicer is required by the Agreement to
enforce such provisions, unless such enforcement is not permitted by applicable
law. The enforcement of a "due-on-sale" provision will have the same effect as a
prepayment of the related Home Equity Loan. See "CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF LOANS
- -- Due-on-Sale Clauses in Home Equity Loans" in the Prospectus. No assurance can
be given as to the level of prepayments that will be experienced by the Trust
and it can be expected that a portion of borrowers will not prepay their Home
Equity Loans to any significant degree.
OVERCOLLATERALIZATION
The overcollateralization and cross collateralization features described
herein will affect the rate and timing of principal distributions on the Offered
Certificates, and consequently the average life and yield to maturity. On any
Distribution Date on which the Overcollateralization Amount for a Loan Group is
less than the related Required Overcollateralization Amount, the Remaining Net
Excess Spread for such Loan Group, the Available Transfer Cashflow and the Net
Excess Principal will be used to reduce the Class Certificate Balance of the
related Class or Classes of Offered Certificates through the distribution of
Additional Principal. Until such time, if any, that the Overcollateralization
Amount for a Loan Group equals the related Required Overcollateralization
Amount, there will be no Available Transfer Cashflow or Net Excess Principal to
accelerate the amortization of the other Class or Classes of Offered
Certificates. Home Equity Loans with higher Loan Rates contribute more interest
to the Excess Spread than do Home Equity Loans with relatively lower Loan Rates.
If Home Equity Loans with higher Loan Rates were to prepay, the amount of Net
Excess Spread could be reduced thereby slowing the amortization of the Class
Certificate Balance of the related Class or Classes of Offered Certificates from
the distribution of Additional Principal.
Because the Excess Spread for a Loan Group is available to cover an
Available Funds Shortfall with respect to both the related Loan Group and the
other Loan Group, there may be no Remaining Net Excess Spread with which to make
payments of Additional Principal. Similarly, any Excess Principal for a Loan
Group will be applied to cover an Available Funds Shortfall in the other Loan
Group prior to being applied to the payment of Additional Principal for the
Class or Classes of Offered Certificates related to such other Loan Group. Thus,
the amount and timing of any distributions in respect of Additional Principal on
a Class of Offered Certificates will depend, in part, on the prepayment and loss
experience of the Home Equity Loans in the Loan Group related to the other Class
or Classes of Offered Certificates.
The application of Remaining Net Excess Spread, Available Transfer Cashflow
and Net Excess Principal to payments of Additional Principal is intended to
create overcollateralization to provide a source of additional cashflow to cover
losses on the Home Equity Loans in each Loan Group. If the amount of losses in a
particular Due Period exceeds the amount of Excess Spread for the related Loan
Group and the Net Excess Spread and Excess Principal for the other Loan Group
for the related Distribution Date, the amount in respect of principal
distributed to the related Class or Classes of Offered Certificates will be
reduced. A draw on the Policy in respect of principal will not be made until the
Loan Group Balance and the amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account
allocated to such Loan Group (exclusive of any investment earnings included
therein) is less than the aggregate Class Certificate Balance of the related
Class or Classes of Offered Certificates, i.e., the related Class or Classes of
Offered Certificates are undercollateralized.
If a Required Overcollateralization Amount is allowed to step down, the
amount of Remaining Net Excess Spread and Net Excess Principal available to the
other Loan Group may be increased, and the amount of principal distributed to
the Class or Classes of Offered Certificates for which the step down occurred
will be decreased.
S-27
<PAGE>
As a result of the interaction of the foregoing features, there may be
Distribution Dates on which Holders of the Offered Certificates receive little
or no distributions in respect of principal. Either Overcollateralization Amount
may or may not equal the related Required Overcollateralization Amount on any
Distribution Date. There can be no assurance as to whether or when either
Overcollateralization Amount may equal the related Required
Overcollateralization Amount.
ARMS
All of the Home Equity Loans in Loan Group Two are ARMs. As is the case with
fixed rate Home Equity Loans, the ARMs may be subject to a greater rate of
principal prepayments in a low interest rate environment. For example, if
prevailing interest rates were to fall, Mortgagors with ARMs may be inclined to
refinance their ARMs with a fixed rate loan to "lock in" a lower interest rate.
The existence of the Periodic Cap, Lifetime Cap and Lifetime Floor also may
affect the likelihood of prepayments resulting from refinancings. In addition,
the delinquency and loss experience on the ARMs may differ from that on the
fixed rate Home Equity Loans because the amount of the monthly payments on the
ARMs is subject to adjustment on each Change Date. If such different experience
were to occur, the prepayment experience on the Variable Rate Certificates may
differ from that on the Fixed Rate Certificates.
Certain of the ARMs were originated with initial Loan Rates that were based
on competitive conditions and did not equal the sum of the applicable Index and
the related Gross Margin. In addition, none of the ARMs has reached its initial
Change Date. As a result, the Loan Rates on such ARMs are more likely to adjust
on their first, and possibly subsequent Change Dates, subject to the effects of
the applicable Periodic Cap and Lifetime Cap. Because the Certificate Rate for
the Variable Rate Certificates is a function of the weighted average Remittance
Rate of the ARMs, limits on changes in the Loan Rates of the ARMs may limit
changes in the Certificate Rate for the Variable Rate Certificates.
Disproportionate principal payments on ARMs having Loan Rates higher than
the current Certificate Rate will also affect the yield on the Variable Rate
Certificates. The yield to maturity of the Variable Rate Certificates will be
lower than otherwise would be the case if disproportionate principal payments
(including prepayments) are made on ARMs having Loan Rates that exceed the
related Certificate Rate.
FINAL SCHEDULED DISTRIBUTION DATES
The Final Scheduled Distribution Date for each Class of Offered Certificates
is set forth in "SUMMARY OF TERMS -- Final Scheduled Distribution Dates." The
Final Scheduled Distribution Dates for the Class A-1, Class A-2 and Class A-3
Certificates were determined based on the Structuring Assumptions (defined
below) and the assumption that there are no prepayments. The Final Scheduled
Distribution Dates for the Class A-4 and Class A-5 Certificates were set to
equal the Distribution Date in the 25th month following the month of the latest
possible scheduled maturity date for any of the Home Equity Loans in the related
Loan Group. Since the rate of distributions in reduction of the Class
Certificate Balance of each Class of Offered Certificates will depend on the
rate of payment (including prepayments) of the Home Equity Loans, the Class
Certificate Balance of any such Class could be reduced to zero significantly
earlier or later than the applicable Final Scheduled Distribution Date. The rate
of payments on the Home Equity Loans will depend on their particular
characteristics, as well as on prevailing interest rates from time to time and
other economic factors, and no assurance can be given as to the actual payment
experience of the Home Equity Loans.
STRUCTURING ASSUMPTIONS
The information in the decrement tables has been prepared on the basis of
the following assumed characteristics of the Home Equity Loans and the following
additional assumptions (collectively, the "Structuring Assumptions"): (i) the
Home Equity Loans prepay at the specified percentages of the Prepayment Ramp or
CPR (each as defined below), (ii) no defaults or delinquencies in the payment by
Mortgagors
S-28
<PAGE>
of principal of and interest on the Home Equity Loans are experienced, (iii) the
initial Class Certificate Balance of each Class of Offered Certificates is as
set forth on the cover page hereof, (iv) interest accrues on each Class of
Offered Certificates in each period at the applicable Certificate Rate or
initial Certificate Rate described herein, (v) distributions in respect of the
Offered Certificates are received in cash on the 25th day of each month
commencing in June 1996, (vi) the Servicer does not exercise its option to
purchase the Home Equity Loans described herein under "DESCRIPTION OF THE
CERTIFICATES -- Termination; Retirement of Certificates" and "-- Optional
Purchase of Defaulted Home Equity Loans," (vii) the Offered Certificates are
purchased on May 24, 1996, (viii) scheduled payments on the Home Equity Loans
are received on the first day of each month commencing in the calendar month
following the Closing Date and are computed prior to giving effect to
prepayments received on the last day of the prior month, (ix) prepayments
represent prepayments in full of individual Home Equity Loans and are received
on the last day of each month and include 30 days' interest thereon, commencing
in the calendar month of the Closing Date, (x) the scheduled monthly payment for
each Home Equity Loan has been calculated based on the assumed Home Equity Loan
characteristics set forth in the following table such that each Home Equity Loan
will amortize in amounts sufficient to repay the balance of such Home Equity
Loan by its indicated remaining term to maturity, (xi) all of the indicated
Subsequent Home Equity Loans purchased with funds from the Pre-Funding Account
have a first Due Date in June 1996, (xii) the Trust consists of 11 Home Equity
Loans with the characteristics set forth in the following table, (xiii) the
level of the Index remains constant at 5.55% and (xiv) the Loan Rate for each
Home Equity Loan in Loan Group Two is adjusted on its next Change Date (and on
subsequent Change Dates, if necessary) to equal the sum of (a) the assumed level
of the Index and (b) the Gross Margin (such sum being subject to the Periodic
Rate Cap). While it is assumed that each of the Home Equity Loans prepays at the
specified percentages of the Prepayment Ramp or CPR, as applicable, this is not
likely to be the case. Moreover, discrepancies will exist between the
characteristics of the actual Home Equity Loans which will be delivered to the
Trustee (including Subsequent Home Equity Loans) and characteristics of the Home
Equity Loans assumed in preparing the tables herein.
Prepayments of home equity loans are commonly measured relative to a
prepayment standard or model. The model used with respect to the Fixed Rate
Certificates (the "Prepayment Ramp") assumes that the Home Equity Loans in Loan
Group One prepay at a rate of 4% CPR in the first month after origination, and
an additional 1.286% (precisely 18/14ths) each month thereafter until the 14th
month. Beginning in the 15th month and each month thereafter, the Prepayment
Ramp assumes a prepayment rate of 22% CPR. For the Variable Rate Certificates,
it was assumed that the Home Equity Loans in Loan Group Two prepay at a rate of
20% CPR. The Constant Prepayment Rate ("CPR") represents an assumed constant
rate of prepayment each month, expressed as an annual rate, relative to the then
outstanding principal balance of a pool of home equity loans for the life of
such home equity loans. Neither model purports to be either an historical
description of the prepayment experience of any pool of home equity loans or a
prediction of the anticipated rate of prepayment of any home equity loans,
including the Home Equity Loans to be included in the Loan Groups.
LOAN GROUP ONE
INITIAL HOME EQUITY LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INITIAL INITIAL
MORTGAGE NET REMAINING TERM TO REMAINING TERM OF ORIGINAL TERM OF
POOL PRINCIPAL INTEREST MORTGAGE MATURITY AMORTIZATION (IN AMORTIZATION (IN AMORTIZATION
NUMBER BALANCE RATE RATE (IN MONTHS) MONTHS) MONTHS) METHOD
- ------------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ------------------- ------------------- ----------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 $3,835,864.81 10.466% 9.966% 112 112 113 Level
2 $13,481,093.47 10.692% 10.192% 179 179 180 Level
3 $10,661,824.40 9.804% 9.304% 239 239 240 Level
4 $4,354,677.16 9.382% 8.882% 359 359 360 Level
5 $13,258,980.70 10.162% 9.662% 179 359 360 Balloon
</TABLE>
S-29
<PAGE>
LOAN GROUP ONE
SUBSEQUENT HOME EQUITY LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INITIAL INITIAL
MORTGAGE NET REMAINING TERM TO REMAINING TERM OF ORIGINAL TERM OF
PRINCIPAL INTEREST MORTGAGE MATURITY AMORTIZATION (IN AMORTIZATION (IN AMORTIZATION
POOL NUMBER BALANCE RATE RATE (IN MONTHS) MONTHS) MONTHS) METHOD
- ------------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ------------------- ------------------- ----------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
6 $14,088,497.32 10.196% 9.696% 216 216 216 Level
7 $5,777,269.59 10.162% 9.662% 180 360 360 Balloon
</TABLE>
LOAN GROUP TWO
INITIAL HOME EQUITY LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INITIAL
MORTGAGE INITIAL NET MONTHS TO NEXT MAXIMUM MINIMUM ORIGINAL TERM
PRINCIPAL INTEREST MORTGAGE MORTGAGE RATE GROSS INTEREST INTEREST TO MATURITY (IN
POOL NUMBER BALANCE RATE RATE CHANGE MARGIN RATE RATE MONTHS)
- ------------- -------------- ------------ ------------ ----------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
8 $ 3,484,124.82 8.112% 7.612% 10 5.151% 14.112% 8.112% 305
9 $14,463,204.15 8.558% 8.058% 11 5.573% 14.558% 8.558% 307
10 $12,211,736.31 8.923% 8.423% 12 5.614% 14.923% 8.923% 295
<CAPTION>
REMAINING TERM OF
AMORTIZATION (IN AMORTIZATION
POOL NUMBER MONTHS) METHOD
- ------------- ----------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C>
8 303 Level
9 306 Level
10 295 Level
</TABLE>
LOAN GROUP TWO
SUBSEQUENT HOME EQUITY LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INITIAL
MORTGAGE INITIAL NET MONTHS TO NEXT MAXIMUM MINIMUM ORIGINAL TERM
PRINCIPAL INTEREST MORTGAGE MORTGAGE RATE GROSS INTEREST INTEREST TO MATURITY (IN
POOL NUMBER BALANCE RATE RATE CHANGE MARGIN RATE RATE MONTHS)
- ------------- -------------- ------------ ------------ ----------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
11 $ 4,840,934.72 8.654% 8.154% 12 5.541% 14.654% 8.654% 302
<CAPTION>
REMAINING TERM OF
AMORTIZATION (IN AMORTIZATION
POOL NUMBER MONTHS) METHOD
- ------------- ----------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C>
11 302 Level
</TABLE>
DECREMENT TABLES
The following tables indicate, based on the Structuring Assumptions, the
percentages of the initial Class Certificate Balances of the Classes of Offered
Certificates that would be outstanding after each of the dates shown at various
percentages of the Prepayment Ramp or CPR and the corresponding weighted average
lives of such Classes. It is not likely that (i) all of the Home Equity Loans
will have the characteristics assumed, (ii) the Home Equity Loans will prepay at
the specified percentages of the Prepayment Ramp or CPR or at any other CONSTANT
percentage or (iii) the level of the Index will remain constant at the level
assumed or at any other level. Moreover, the diverse remaining terms to maturity
of the Home Equity Loans could produce slower or faster principal distributions
than indicated in the tables at the specified percentages of the Prepayment Ramp
or CPR, even if the weighted average remaining term to maturity of the Home
Equity Loans is consistent with the remaining terms to maturity of the Home
Equity Loans specified in the Structuring Assumptions.
S-30
<PAGE>
PERCENT OF INITIAL CLASS CERTIFICATE
BALANCES OUTSTANDING**
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS A-2
CLASS A-1 PERCENTAGE OF
PERCENTAGE OF PREPAYMENT RAMP PREPAYMENT RAMP
------------------------------------ ----------------------
DISTRIBUTION DATE 0% 50% 75% 100% 125% 150% 0% 50%
- -------------------------- --- --- ----- ----- ----- ----- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Initial Percent........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 1997.................. 90 73 64 55 47 38 100 100
May 1998.................. 84 37 15 0 0 0 100 100
May 1999.................. 76 5 0 0 0 0 100 100
May 2000.................. 69 0 0 0 0 0 100 78
May 2001.................. 60 0 0 0 0 0 100 54
May 2002.................. 50 0 0 0 0 0 100 33
May 2003.................. 40 0 0 0 0 0 100 15
May 2004.................. 28 0 0 0 0 0 100 0
May 2005.................. 15 0 0 0 0 0 100 0
May 2006.................. 3 0 0 0 0 0 100 0
May 2007.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 0
May 2008.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 77 0
May 2009.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 62 0
May 2010.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 0
May 2011.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2012.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2013.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2014.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2015.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2016.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2017.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2018.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2019.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2020.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2021.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2022.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2023.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2024.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2025.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2026.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Weighted Average Life
(years)***............... 5.7 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 13.4 5.3
<CAPTION>
CLASS A-3
PERCENTAGE OF PREPAYMENT RAMP
------------------------------------------------
DISTRIBUTION DATE 75% 100% 125% 150% 0% 50% 75% 100%
- -------------------------- ----- ----- ----- ----- --- --- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Initial Percent........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 1997.................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 1998.................. 100 95 75 57 100 100 100 100
May 1999.................. 75 49 26 6 100 100 100 100
May 2000.................. 43 15 0 0 100 100 100 100
May 2001.................. 18 0 0 0 100 100 100 77
May 2002.................. 0 0 0 0 100 100 92 34
May 2003.................. 0 0 0 0 100 100 55 1
May 2004.................. 0 0 0 0 100 97 24 0
May 2005.................. 0 0 0 0 100 66 0 0
May 2006.................. 0 0 0 0 100 40 0 0
May 2007.................. 0 0 0 0 100 18 0 0
May 2008.................. 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0
May 2009.................. 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0
May 2010.................. 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0
May 2011.................. 0 0 0 0 63 0 0 0
May 2012.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2013.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2014.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2015.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2016.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2017.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2018.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2019.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2020.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2021.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2022.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2023.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2024.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2025.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2026.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Weighted Average Life
(years)***............... 3.9 3.1 2.6 2.2 15.1 9.7 7.3 5.7
<CAPTION>
CLASS A-4
PERCENTAGE OF PREPAYMENT RAMP
-------------------------------------
DISTRIBUTION DATE 125% 150% 0% 50% 75% 100% 125% 150%
- -------------------------- ----- ----- --- --- ----- ----- ----- -----
Initial Percent........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 1997.................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 1998.................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 1999.................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 2000.................. 82 39 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 2001.................. 29 0 100 100 100 100 100 91
May 2002.................. 0 0 100 100 100 100 91 59
May 2003.................. 0 0 100 100 100 100 63 36
May 2004.................. 0 0 100 100 100 75 42 22
May 2005.................. 0 0 100 100 98 54 28 13
May 2006.................. 0 0 100 100 77 39 18 7
May 2007.................. 0 0 100 100 60 28 11 3
May 2008.................. 0 0 100 98 46 19 7 1
May 2009.................. 0 0 100 80 34 13 3 0
May 2010.................. 0 0 100 63 25 8 1 0
May 2011.................. 0 0 100 29 10 2 0 0
May 2012.................. 0 0 100 14 3 0 0 0
May 2013.................. 0 0 76 8 1 0 0 0
May 2014.................. 0 0 50 4 0 0 0 0
May 2015.................. 0 0 37 1 0 0 0 0
May 2016.................. 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0
May 2017.................. 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0
May 2018.................. 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0
May 2019.................. 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0
May 2020.................. 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0
May 2021.................. 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0
May 2022.................. 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0
May 2023.................. 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0
May 2024.................. 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0
May 2025.................. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
May 2026.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Weighted Average Life
(years)***............... 4.7 3.9 19.6 14.5 12.1 9.9 8.2 6.9
<CAPTION>
CLASS A-5
PERCENTAGE OF CPR
-------------------------------------
DISTRIBUTION DATE 0% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
- -------------------------- --- --- ----- ----- ----- -----
Initial Percent........... 100 100 100 100 100 100
May 1997.................. 97 87 82 77 72 67
May 1998.................. 96 77 69 61 53 46
May 1999.................. 95 69 57 48 39 32
May 2000.................. 94 61 48 38 29 22
May 2001.................. 92 54 40 30 22 15
May 2002.................. 91 47 34 23 16 11
May 2003.................. 90 42 28 18 12 7
May 2004.................. 88 37 24 14 9 5
May 2005.................. 86 33 20 11 6 3
May 2006.................. 84 29 16 9 4 2
May 2007.................. 82 25 13 7 3 1
May 2008.................. 79 22 11 5 2 1
May 2009.................. 76 19 9 4 1 *
May 2010.................. 73 16 7 3 1 *
May 2011.................. 69 14 6 2 * 0
May 2012.................. 65 12 5 1 * 0
May 2013.................. 61 10 3 1 0 0
May 2014.................. 56 8 3 1 0 0
May 2015.................. 50 7 2 * 0 0
May 2016.................. 44 5 1 * 0 0
May 2017.................. 37 4 1 0 0 0
May 2018.................. 30 3 * 0 0 0
May 2019.................. 21 1 * 0 0 0
May 2020.................. 12 * 0 0 0 0
May 2021.................. 3 0 0 0 0 0
May 2022.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2023.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2024.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2025.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0
May 2026.................. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Weighted Average Life
(years)***............... 17.2 7.4 5.3 4.1 3.2 2.6
</TABLE>
- ----------------------------------
* Less than 0.5 but more than zero.
** Rounded to the nearest whole percentage.
*** The weighted average life of an Offered Certificate is determined by (a)
multiplying the amount of the reduction, if any, of the Class Certificate
Balance of such Certificate on each Distribution Date by the number of years
from the date of issuance to such Distribution Date, (b) summing the results
and (c) dividing the sum by the aggregate amount of the reductions in Class
Certificate Balance of such Certificate referred to in clause (a).
S-31
<PAGE>
DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES
The Certificates will be issued pursuant to the Agreement. The following
summaries describe certain provisions of the Agreement. The summaries do not
purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety
by reference to, all of the provisions of the Agreement. Wherever particular
sections or defined terms of the Agreement are referred to, such sections or
defined terms are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
GENERAL
Each Class of Offered Certificates will evidence specified undivided
interests in the Trust. The property of the Trust will consist of, to the extent
provided in the Agreement: (i) the Home Equity Loans in the Loan Groups; (ii)
payments on the Home Equity Loans received on and after the Cut-Off Date; (iii)
Mortgaged Properties relating to the Home Equity Loans that are acquired by
foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure; (iv) each Collection Account and
Distribution Account; (v) the Capitalized Interest Account; (vi) the Pre-Funding
Account; (vii) the Yield Supplement Account; (viii) the Spread Account; (ix) the
Policy; (x) certain hazard insurance policies maintained by the borrowers of the
Home Equity Loans or the Servicer in respect thereof; and (xi) the Depositor's
rights under the Purchase Agreement (defined below).
BOOK-ENTRY REGISTRATION
The Offered Certificates initially will be registered in the name of Cede &
Co. ("Cede"), the nominee of The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"). DTC has
advised the Depositor as follows: DTC is a limited purpose trust company
organized under the laws of the State of New York, a member of the Federal
Reserve System, a "clearing corporation" within the meaning of the Uniform
Commercial Code ("UCC") and a "clearing agency" registered pursuant to the
provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC was created to hold
securities for its participating organizations ("Participants") and facilitate
the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between Participants
through electronic book-entry changes in their accounts, thereby eliminating the
need for physical movement of certificates. Participants include securities
brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations and may
include certain other organizations. Indirect access to the DTC system also is
available to others such as brokers, dealers, banks and trust companies that
clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Participant, either
directly or indirectly ("Indirect Participant").
Under a book-entry format, beneficial owners of the Offered Certificates
("Certificate Owners") that are not Participants or Indirect Participants but
desire to purchase, sell or otherwise transfer ownership of Offered Certificates
registered in the name of Cede, as nominee of DTC, may do so only through
Participants and Indirect Participants. In addition, such Certificate Owners
will receive all distributions of principal of and interest on the Offered
Certificates from the Trustee through DTC and its Participants. Under a
book-entry format, Certificate Owners will receive payments after the related
Distribution Date because, while payments are required to be forwarded to Cede,
as nominee for DTC, on each such date, DTC will forward such payments to its
Participants which thereafter will be required to forward them to Indirect
Participants or Certificate Owners. Under a book entry format, it is anticipated
that the only Certificateholder will be Cede, as nominee of DTC, and that the
Certificate Owners will not be recognized by the Trustee as Certificateholders
under the Agreement. The Certificate Owners will only be permitted to exercise
the rights of Certificateholders under the Agreement indirectly through DTC and
its Participants who in turn will exercise their rights through DTC.
Under the rules, regulations and procedures creating and affecting DTC and
its operations, DTC is required to make book-entry transfers among Participants
on whose behalf it acts with respect to the Offered Certificates and is required
to receive and transmit payments of principal of and interest on the Offered
Certificates. Participants and Indirect Participants with which Certificate
Owners have accounts with respect
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to the Offered Certificates similarly are required to make book-entry transfers
and receive and transmit such payments on behalf of their respective Certificate
Owners. Accordingly, although Certificate Owners will not possess certificates,
the rules provide a mechanism by which Certificate Owners will receive
distributions and will be able to transfer their interests.
Certificate Owners who are not Participants may transfer ownership of the
Offered Certificates only through Participants by instructing such Participants
to transfer the Offered Certificates, by book-entry transfer, through DTC for
the account of the purchasers of such Certificates, which account is maintained
with their respective Participants. Under the rules and in accordance with DTC's
normal procedures, transfers of ownership of Offered Certificates will be
executed through DTC and the accounts of the respective Participants at DTC will
be debited and credited. Similarly, the respective Participants will make debits
or credits, as the case may be, on their records on behalf of the selling and
purchasing Certificate Owners.
Because DTC can only act on behalf of Participants, who in turn act on
behalf of Indirect Participants and certain banks, the ability of Certificate
Owners to pledge the Offered Certificates to persons or entities that do not
participant in the DTC system, or otherwise take actions in respect of such
Certificates may be limited due to the lack of a physical certificate for such
Certificates.
DTC in general advises that it will take any action permitted to be taken by
a Certificate Owner under the Agreement only at the direction of one or more
Participants to whose account with DTC the Offered Certificates are credited.
Additionally, DTC in general advises that it will take such actions with respect
to specified percentages of the Certificate Owners only at the direction of and
on behalf of Participants whose holdings include current principal amounts of
outstanding Offered Certificates that satisfy such specified percentages. DTC
may take conflicting actions with respect to other current principal amounts of
outstanding Offered Certificates to the extent that such actions are taken on
behalf of Participants whose holdings include such current principal amounts of
outstanding Offered Certificates.
Any Offered Certificates initially registered in the name of Cede, as
nominee of DTC, will be issued in fully registered, certificated form to
Certificate Owners or their nominees ("Definitive Certificates"), rather than to
DTC or its nominee only under the following circumstances: (i) the Depositor
advises the Trustee in writing that DTC is no longer willing or able to properly
discharge its responsibilities as Depository with respect to the Offered
Certificates, and the Trustee or the Depositor is unable to locate a qualified
successor, (ii) the Depositor, at its option, elects to terminate the book-entry
system through DTC, or (iii) after the occurrence of an Event of Default
(defined herein), Certificate Owners representing not less than 50% of the
aggregate Class Certificate Balance of the Offered Certificates advise the
Trustee and DTC through Participants in writing that the continuation of a
book-entry system through DTC (or a successor thereto) is no longer in the best
interest of the Certificate Owners. Upon the occurrence of any of such events,
DTC will be required to notify all Participants of the availability through DTC
of Definitive Certificates. Upon surrender by DTC of the certificates
representing the Offered Certificates and instruction for re-registration, the
Trustee will issue the Offered Certificates in the form of Definitive
Certificates, and thereafter the Trustee will recognize the holders of such
Definitive Certificates as Certificateholders. Thereafter, payments of principal
of and interest on the Offered Certificates will be made by the Trustee directly
to Certificateholders in accordance with the procedures set forth in the
Agreement. The final distribution of any Offered Certificate (whether Definitive
Certificates or Offered Certificates registered in the name of Cede), however,
will be made only upon presentation and surrender of such Certificates on the
final Distribution Date at such office or agency as is specified in the notice
of final payment to Certificateholders.
Although DTC has agreed to the foregoing procedures in order to facilitate
transfers of interests in the Offered Certificates among Participants, it is
under no obligation to perform or continue to perform such procedures, and such
procedures may be discontinued at any time. None of the Depositor, the Seller,
the Servicer or the Trustee will have any responsibility for the performance by
DTC or its Participants or Indirect Participants of their respective obligations
under the rules and procedures governing their operations.
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ASSIGNMENT OF HOME EQUITY LOANS
The Home Equity Loans will be acquired by the Depositor from the Seller
pursuant to the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreement, dated the Closing Date (the
"Purchase Agreement"), between the Seller and the Depositor. At the time of
issuance of the Certificates, the Depositor will transfer to the Trust all of
its right, title and interest in and to each Home Equity Loan, the related
mortgage note, mortgage and other related documents (collectively, the "Related
Documents"), including all payments received on or with respect to each such
Mortgage Loan on or after the Cut-Off Date (exclusive of payments in respect of
accrued interest on the Home Equity Loans through the related Due Date in the
month preceding the month of the Cut-Off Date). The Depositor also will assign
to the Trustee all of the Depositor's rights under the Purchase Agreement. The
Trustee, concurrently with such transfer, will deliver the Certificates to the
Depositor. Each Home Equity Loan transferred to the Trust will be identified on
a schedule (the "Home Equity Loan Schedule") delivered to the Trustee pursuant
to the Agreement. Such schedule will include information as to the Principal
Balance of each Home Equity Loan as of the Cut-Off Date, as well as information
with respect to the current Loan Rate.
The Agreement will require that, within the time period specified therein,
the Depositor will deliver or cause to be delivered to the Trustee (or a
custodian, as the Trustee's agent for such purpose) the Home Equity Loans
endorsed to the Trustee and the Related Documents. In lieu of delivery of
original mortgages, the Depositor may deliver or cause to be delivered true and
correct copies thereof which have been certified as to authenticity by the
appropriate county recording office where such mortgage is recorded.
Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Seller will have 30 days
after the Closing Date to prepare and submit for recording assignments of the
mortgages related to each Home Equity Loan in favor of the Trustee (unless
opinions of counsel satisfactory to the Rating Agencies and the Certificate
Insurer are delivered to the Trustee and the Certificate Insurer to the effect
that recordation of such assignments is not required in the relevant
jurisdictions to protect the interests of the Trustee in the Home Equity Loans).
If the recording information with respect to any assignment of Mortgage is
unavailable within 30 days of the Closing Date, such assignment will be prepared
and recorded promptly after receipt of such information, but in no event later
than one year after the Closing Date.
Within 90 days of the Closing Date, the Trustee will review the Home Equity
Loans and the Related Documents pursuant to the Agreement and if any Home Equity
Loan or Related Document is found to be defective in any material respect and
such defect is not cured within 90 days following notification thereof to the
Seller and the Depositor by the Trustee, the Seller will be obligated to either
(i) substitute for such Home Equity Loan an Eligible Substitute Home Equity
Loan; however, such substitution is permitted only within two years of the
Closing Date, and may not be made unless an opinion of counsel is provided to
the effect that such substitution will not disqualify the Trust as a REMIC for
federal income tax purposes or result in a prohibited transaction tax under the
Code or (ii) purchase such Home Equity Loan at a price (the "Purchase Price")
equal to the outstanding Principal Balance of such Home Equity Loan as of the
date of purchase, plus the greater of (i) all accrued and unpaid interest
thereon and (ii) 30 days' interest thereon, computed at the Loan Rate, net of
the Servicing Fee with respect to such Home Equity Loan if the Seller or an
affiliate is the Servicer, plus the amount of any unreimbursed Servicing
Advances made by the Servicer with respect to such Home Equity Loan. The
Purchase Price will be deposited in the applicable Collection Account on or
prior to the next succeeding Determination Date after such obligation arises.
The obligation of the Seller to repurchase or substitute for a Defective Home
Equity Loan is the sole remedy regarding any defects in the Home Equity Loans
and Related Documents available to the Trustee or the Certificateholders.
In connection with the substitution of an Eligible Substitute Home Equity
Loan, the Seller will be required to deposit in the applicable Collection
Account on or prior to the next succeeding Determination Date after such
obligation arises an amount (the "Substitution Adjustment") equal to the sum of
(i) the excess of the Principal Balance of the related Defective Home Equity
Loan over the Principal Balance of such Eligible Substitute Home Equity Loan,
(ii) 30 days' interest on such excess computed at the Loan Rate, net of the
Servicing Fee if the Seller or an affiliate is the Servicer, and (iii) the
amount of any unreimbursed
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Servicing Advances and Monthly Advances made by the Servicer with respect to
such Defective Home Equity Loan if the Servicer is not an affiliate of the
Seller. The Servicer will be deemed to have been reimbursed for any Servicing
Advances and Monthly Advances that are not paid pursuant to clause (iii).
An "Eligible Substitute Home Equity Loan" is a home equity loan substituted
by the Seller for a Defective Home Equity Loan which must, on the date of such
substitution, (i) have an outstanding Principal Balance (or in the case of a
substitution of more than one Home Equity Loan for a Defective Home Equity Loan,
an aggregate Principal Balance), not in excess of, and not more than 5% less
than, the Principal Balance of the Defective Home Equity Loan; (ii) have a Loan
Rate not less than the Loan Rate of the Defective Home Equity Loan and not more
than 1% in excess of the Loan Rate of such Defective Home Equity Loan, provided
that if the Defective Home Equity Loan is a Low Coupon Loan, the Eligible
Substitute Home Equity Loan may not be a Low Coupon Loan; (iii) have a mortgage
of the same or higher level of lien priority as the mortgage relating to the
Defective Home Equity Loan; (iv) have a remaining term to maturity not more than
six months earlier and not later than the remaining term to maturity of the
Defective Home Equity Loan; (v) comply with each representation and warranty as
to the Home Equity Loans set forth in the Purchase Agreement (deemed to be made
as of the date of substitution); (vi) have a Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio not
greater than that of the Defective Home Equity Loan; (vii) bear a fixed or
adjustable Loan Rate if the Defective Home Equity Loan was in Loan Group One or
Loan Group Two, respectively; and (viii) if the Home Equity Loan is an ARM, have
a Gross Margin and Lifetime Cap no less than, the same interval between the
Change Dates as, and a Loan Rate based on the same Index as, that of the
Defective Home Equity Loan.
In the Purchase Agreement, the Seller will make certain representations and
warranties with respect to the Home Equity Loans including, among others: (i)
the information with respect to each Home Equity Loan set forth in the Home
Equity Loan Schedule is true and correct in all material respects as of the Cut-
Off Date; (ii) each Mortgage is a valid and subsisting first or second lien of
record on the Mortgaged Property subject, in the case of any second Home Equity
Loan, only to a First Lien on such Mortgaged Property and subject in all cases
to the exceptions to title set forth in the title insurance policy with respect
to the related Home Equity Loan, which exceptions are generally acceptable to
mortgage lending companies, and such other exceptions to which similar
properties are commonly subject and which do not individually, or in the
aggregate, materially and adversely affect the benefits of the security intended
to be provided by such Mortgage; (iii) except with respect to liens released
immediately prior to the transfer contemplated in the Purchase Agreement, each
Mortgage Note and the related Mortgage have not been assigned or pledged and
immediately prior to the transfer and assignment herein contemplated, the Seller
held good, marketable and indefeasible title to, and was the sole owner and
holder of, each Home Equity Loan subject to no liens, charges, mortgages,
claims, participation interests, equities, pledges or security interests of any
nature, encumbrances or rights of others (collectively, a "Lien"); and
immediately upon the completion of the transfers and assignments contemplated in
the Agreement, the Trustee will hold good, marketable and indefeasible title,
to, and be the sole owner of, each Home Equity Loan subject to no Liens; (iv) no
Home Equity Loan was 30 or more days delinquent as of the Cut-Off Date, as
measured at the end of the month; and (v) each Home Equity Loan at the time it
was made complied in all material respects with applicable state and federal
laws and regulations, including, without limitation, usury, equal credit
opportunity, consumer credit, truth-in-lending, real estate settlement
procedures and disclosure laws.
Upon discovery of a breach of any such representation and warranty which
materially and adversely affects the interests of the Certificateholders or the
Certificate Insurer in the related Home Equity Loan, the Seller will have a
period of 60 days after discovery or notice of the breach to effect a cure. If
the breach cannot be cured within the 60-day period, the Seller will be
obligated to (i) substitute for such Defective Home Equity Loan an Eligible
Substitute Home Equity Loan or (ii) purchase such Defective Home Equity Loan
from the Trust. The same procedure and limitations that are set forth above for
the substitution or purchase of Defective Home Equity Loans as a result of
deficient documentation relating thereto will apply to the substitution or
purchase of a Defective Home Equity Loan as a result of a breach of a
representation or warranty that materially and adversely affects the interests
of the Certificateholders or the Certificate
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Insurer. The obligation of the Seller to repurchase or substitute for a
Defective Home Equity Loan is the sole remedy regarding any breach of a
representation or warranty with respect thereto available to the Trustee or the
Certificateholders.
The Seller will have similar obligations with respect to any Subsequent Home
Equity Loans delivered to the Trust.
The Depositor will make no representations or warranties with respect to the
Home Equity Loans and will have no obligation (other than to assign to the
Trustee the Depositor's rights under the Purchase Agreement) or liability with
respect to breaches of the Seller's representations or warranties or its
obligations to cure, purchase or substitute for any Defective Home Equity Loan.
PAYMENTS ON HOME EQUITY LOANS; DEPOSITS TO COLLECTION ACCOUNTS AND DISTRIBUTION
ACCOUNT
The Trustee will establish and maintain a separate account (each a
"Collection Account") for each Loan Group. Each Collection Account will be an
Eligible Account (as defined herein). Subject to the investment provision
described in the following paragraphs, upon receipt by the Servicer of amounts
in respect of the Home Equity Loans (excluding amounts representing the
Servicing Fee, reimbursement for previous related Monthly Advances or Servicing
Advances, administrative charges, taxes, assessments, credit insurance charges,
insurance proceeds to be applied to the restoration or repair of a Mortgaged
Property or similar items), the Servicer will deposit such amounts in the
Collection Account for the applicable Loan Group. Amounts so deposited may be
invested in Eligible Investments (as described in the Agreement) maturing no
later than one Business Day prior to the date on which the amount on deposit
therein is required to be deposited in the Distribution Account or on such
Distribution Date if approved by the Rating Agencies and the Certificate
Insurer.
The Trustee will establish a separate account (each, a "Distribution
Account") for each Loan Group into which will be deposited amounts withdrawn
from the related Collection Account for distribution to Certificateholders on a
Distribution Date. Each Distribution Account will be an Eligible Account.
Amounts
on deposit therein may be invested in Eligible Investments maturing on or before
the Business Day prior to the related Distribution Date.
An "Eligible Account" is an account that is (i) maintained with a depository
institution the deposits in which are insured by the FDIC to the limits
established by the FDIC and the short-term debt obligations of which (or in the
case of a depository institution that is the principal subsidiary of a holding
company, the short-term debt obligations of which) are rated in the highest
short-term rating category by each Rating Agency and the long-term debt
obligations of which are rated at least Aa3 by Moody's, (ii) a trust account or
accounts maintained with the trust department of a federal or a state chartered
depository institution or trust company the long-term debt obligations of which
are rated at least Baa3 by Moody's, acting in a fiduciary capacity or (iii) an
account or accounts otherwise acceptable to each Rating Agency and the
Certificate Insurer.
Eligible Investments are specified in the Agreement and are limited to
investments which meet the criteria of the Rating Agencies from time to time as
being consistent with their then-current ratings of the Certificates.
PRE-FUNDING ACCOUNT
On the Closing Date, an aggregate cash amount (the "Pre-Funded Amount") not
to exceed approximately $24,706,702 will be deposited in the Pre-Funding
Account. Of such amount, approximately $19,865,767 will be used to purchase
Subsequent Home Equity Loans for deposit into Loan Group One and, if required,
to make accelerated payments of principal on the Fixed Rate Certificates and
approximately $4,840,935 will be used to purchase Subsequent Home Equity Loans
for deposit into Loan Group Two and, if required, to make accelerated payments
of principal on the Variable Rate Certificates. During the period
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(the "Pre-Funding Period") from the Closing Date to the earliest to occur of (a)
the date on which the amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account is less than
$100,000, (b) an Event of Default under the Agreement and (c) July 31, 1996,
amounts on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account may be withdrawn from time to time
to acquire Subsequent Home Equity Loans in accordance with the Agreement. Any
net investment earnings on the Pre-Funded Amount will be transferred to the
Capitalized Interest Account on each Distribution Date during the Pre-Funding
Period. Any Pre-Funded Amount remaining in the Pre-Funding Account at the end of
the Pre-Funding Period will be distributed on the Distribution Date occurring at
or immediately following the end of the Pre-Funding Period. If the Pre-Funded
Amount so distributed and allocated to a Loan Group is less than $100,000, it
will be treated as a principal prepayment and allocated to the applicable Class
or Classes of Offered Certificates related to Loan Group One or Loan Group Two,
as applicable, as provided herein; otherwise such amount will be distributed as
principal of the outstanding Class or Classes of Offered Certificates related to
Loan Group One or Loan Group Two, as applicable, pro rata on the basis of their
respective Class Certificate Balances. Only fixed-rate Subsequent Home Equity
Loans may be added to Loan Group One, and only adjustable-rate Subsequent Home
Equity Loans may be added to Loan Group Two.
CAPITALIZED INTEREST ACCOUNT
On the Closing Date, funds will be deposited in an account (the "Capitalized
Interest Account") created and maintained with the Trustee. The amount so
deposited will be used by the Trustee on the Distribution Dates in the
Pre-Funding Period to fund the excess, if any, of the Interest Remittance
Amounts for the Offered Certificates and the premium due for the Policy over the
funds available therefor on such Distribution Dates. Any funds remaining in the
Capitalized Interest Account at the end of the Pre-Funding Period will be
distributed to the Holders of the Class R Certificates.
YIELD SUPPLEMENT ACCOUNT
On the Closing Date, funds will be deposited in an account (the "Yield
Supplement Account") created and maintained with the Trustee. The amount so
deposited will be used by the Trustee on each Distribution Date to the extent
that the interest collected or advanced with respect to Home Equity Loans with
Loan Rates below 8.73% per annum ("Low Coupon Loans") is insufficient to pay the
Expense Fees and the Interest Remittance Amounts for the Fixed Rate
Certificates. Funds on deposit in the Yield Supplement Account will not be
available to make payments of principal or Additional Principal. Excess amounts
on deposit in the Yield Supplement Account may be released from time to time to
the Holder of the Class R Certificates as provided in the Agreement. The Yield
Supplement Account is an asset of the Trust but will not be included in the
REMIC.
ADVANCES
Not later than the close of business on the second Business Day prior to the
related Distribution Date, the Servicer will be required to remit to the Trustee
for deposit in the applicable Collection Account an amount, to be distributed on
the related Distribution Date, equal to the sum of the interest accrued on each
Home Equity Loan through the related Due Date but not received by the Servicer
as of the close of business on the related Determination Date (net of the
Servicing Fee with respect to such Home Equity Loan), plus, with respect to each
REO Property which was acquired during or prior to the related Due Period and as
to which a final disposition thereof did not occur in the related Due Period, an
amount equal to the excess, if any, of interest for the most recently ended Due
Period on the Principal Balance of the Home Equity Loan relating to such REO
Property at the related Loan Rate (net of the Servicing Fee with respect to such
Home Equity Loan) over the net income from the REO Property transferred to the
related Collection Account for such Distribution Date pursuant to the Agreement
(the "Monthly Advance"). The Servicer may fund all or a portion of any Monthly
Advance from funds on deposit in the applicable Collection Account that are not
required to be distributed on the related Distribution Date. Any funds so used
must be replaced on or before the Distribution Date on which such funds will be
required to be distributed.
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In the course of performing its servicing obligations, the Servicer will pay
all reasonable and customary "out-of-pocket" costs and expenses incurred in the
performance of its servicing obligations, including, but not limited to, the
cost of (i) the preservation, restoration and protection of the Mortgaged
Properties; (ii) any enforcement or judicial proceedings, including
foreclosures, and (iii) the management and liquidation of Mortgaged Properties
acquired in satisfaction of the related Mortgage. Each such expenditure will
constitute a "Servicing Advance."
The Servicer's right to reimbursement for unreimbursed Servicing Advances is
limited to late collections on the related Home Equity Loan, including
Liquidation Proceeds, released Mortgaged Property proceeds, Insurance Proceeds
and such other amounts as may be collected by the Servicer from the related
Mortgagor or otherwise relating to the Home Equity Loan in respect of which such
unreimbursed amounts are owed. The Servicer's right to such reimbursement is
prior to the rights of Certificateholders. The Servicer's right to reimbursement
for unreimbursed Monthly Advances is limited to late collections of interest on
any Home Equity Loan and to Liquidation Proceeds and Insurance Proceeds on the
related Home Equity Loan (as to which it will have priority over
Certificateholders) unless such amounts are insufficient. In such event (a
"Nonrecoverable Advance"), the Servicer will be reimbursed for such
Nonrecoverable Advance from funds on deposit in the applicable Distribution
Account.
The Servicer is not required to make any Monthly Advance or Servicing
Advance which it determines would be nonrecoverable from amounts received in
respect of the related Home Equity Loan.
COMPENSATING INTEREST
The Agreement provides that not later than the close of business on the
second Business Day prior to the related Distribution Date, the Servicer will
remit to the Trustee for deposit to the applicable Collection Account an amount
equal to the lesser of (i) the aggregate of the Prepayment Interest Shortfalls
for the related Distribution Date resulting from principal prepayments by
Mortgagors during the related Due Period and (ii) the amount otherwise payable
to the Servicer as its aggregate Servicing Fee for such Due Period. The Servicer
will not have the right to reimbursement for any such amounts deposited to
either Collection Account.
SPREAD ACCOUNT
The Trustee will establish on the Closing Date the Spread Account into which
it will deposit upon receipt from the holder of the Class R Certificate an
amount, if any, specified by the Certificate Insurer (the "Initial Spread
Account Deposit"). Amounts on deposit in the Spread Account will be available
for withdrawal to fund any shortfall between the available funds for
distribution to Holders of a Class of Offered Certificates and the related
Interest Remittance Amount and Principal Remittance Amount. If the Initial
Spread Account Deposit is available to fund any such shortfall on each
Distribution Date, funds on deposit in the Spread Account equal to the amount of
such shortfall will be withdrawn by the Trustee and deposited into the
applicable Distribution Account for distribution to Holders of the affected
Class or Classes of Offered Certificates.
PRIORITY OF DISTRIBUTIONS
On or before each Distribution Date, the Trustee will determine the
Overcollateralization Amount for each Loan Group after giving effect to the
distribution of the Principal Remittance Amount to the related Class or Classes
of Offered Certificates on such Distribution Date and the amount of the related
Net Excess Spread. The "Amount Available" for a Loan Group on a Distribution
Date will equal the sum of (i) the Available Remittance Amount for such Loan
Group, (ii) if an Available Funds Shortfall exists in such Loan Group, (a)
first, the Net Excess Spread from the other Loan Group, to the extent of such
Available Funds Shortfall, (b) second, the Excess Principal from the other Loan
Group, to the extent of any remaining Available Funds Shortfall, and (c) third,
any amounts in respect of any remaining Available Funds Shortfall withdrawn from
the Spread Account and deposited in the applicable Distribution Account, (iii)
(a) first, the
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Available Transfer Cashflow, to the extent necessary to reach the Required
Overcollateralization Amount for such Loan Group and (b) second, the Net Excess
Principal, to the extent necessary to reach the Required Overcollateralization
Amount for such Loan Group, and (iv) any Insured Payments with respect to the
related Class or Classes of Certificates. On each Distribution Date the Trustee
will withdraw from each Distribution Account the Amount Available, and make
distributions thereof in the following order of priority and to the extent of
such Amount Available:
(A) From the Distribution Account for Loan Group One:
(i) to the Certificate Insurer the monthly premium then due with
respect to Loan Group One;
(ii) to the Trustee, the Trustee Fee then due with respect to Loan
Group One;
(iii) to the Back-Up Servicer, the Back-Up Servicing Fee then due with
respect to Loan Group One;
(iv) concurrently, to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class
A-4 Certificates, an amount allocable to interest equal to the applicable
Interest Remittance Amount;
(v) sequentially, to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class
A-4 Certificates, in that order, an amount allocable to principal equal
to the related Principal Remittance Amount, until their respective Class
Certificate Balances have been reduced to zero;
(vi) to the Certificate Insurer an amount equal to previously
unreimbursed Insured Payments with respect to the Class A-1, Class A-2,
Class A-3 or Class A-4 Certificates, together with interest thereon at
the rate referred to in the Insurance Agreement;
(vii) sequentially, to the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3 and Class
A-4 Certificates, in that order, an amount allocable to principal equal
to the Additional Principal, until their respective Class Certificate
Balances have been reduced to zero;
(viii) to the Certificate Insurer, all other amounts owing to the
Certificate Insurer under the Insurance Agreement;
(ix) to the Depositor or the Servicer, as applicable, certain
reimbursable expenses pursuant to the Agreement;
(x) to the Servicer, Nonrecoverable Advances not previously
reimbursed with respect to Loan Group One; and
(xi) to the Class R Certificates, the balance, if any.
(B) From the Distribution Account for Loan Group Two:
(i) to the Certificate Insurer the monthly premium then due with
respect to Loan Group Two;
(ii) to the Trustee, the Trustee Fee then due with respect to Loan
Group Two;
(iii) to the Back-Up Servicer, the Back-Up Servicing Fee then due with
respect to Loan Group Two;
(iv) to the Class A-5 Certificates, an amount allocable to interest
equal to the related Interest Remittance Amount;
(v) to the Class A-5 Certificates, an amount allocable to principal
equal to the related Principal Remittance Amount;
(vi) to the Certificate Insurer an amount equal to previously
unreimbursed Insured Payments with respect to the Class A-5 Certificates,
together with interest thereon at the rate referred to in the Insurance
Agreement;
(vii) to the Class A-5 Certificates, an amount allocable to principal
equal to the Additional Principal;
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(viii) to the Certificate Insurer, all other amounts owing to the
Certificate Insurer under the Insurance Agreement;
(ix) to the Depositor or the Servicer, as applicable, certain
reimbursable expenses pursuant to the Agreement;
(x) to the Servicer, Nonrecoverable Advances not previously
reimbursed with respect to Loan Group Two; and
(xi) to the Class R Certificates, the balance, if any.
Distributions allocable to principal of a Class of Offered Certificates will
not exceed the Class Certificate Balance of such Class immediately prior to the
applicable Distribution Date. On each Distribution Date, the Trustee will
withdraw the Yield Supplement Payment, if any, from the Yield Supplement Account
and distribute such amount to the Holders of the applicable Classes of Fixed
Rate Certificates.
The "Additional Principal" for any Class or Classes of Offered Certificates
and any Distribution Date will equal the lesser of (i) the amount required to be
distributed as principal so that the Overcollateralization Amount for the
related Loan Group equals the related Required Overcollateralization Amount and
(ii) the sum of (x) the Remaining Net Excess Spread for such Loan Group, (y) the
Available Transfer Cashflow and (z) the Net Excess Principal.
The "Adjusted Net Loan Rate" for any Home Equity Loan and any Distribution
Date will equal the related Loan Rate minus the Expense Fee Rate.
An "Available Funds Shortfall" means with respect to any Loan Group and
Distribution Date, the amount by which the Available Remittance Amount for such
Loan Group is less than the Required Payments for such Loan Group.
The "Available Remittance Amount" with respect to any Loan Group and
Distribution Date is equal to the sum of all amounts received or required to be
paid by the Servicer or the Seller during the related Due Period with respect to
the Home Equity Loans in such Loan Group (exclusive of the Servicing Fee with
respect to each Home Equity Loan, other servicing compensation payable to the
Servicer as permitted by the Agreement and certain amounts available for
reimbursement of Monthly Advances and Servicing Advances, as described above
under "-- Advances") and deposited into the applicable Collection Account
pursuant to the Agreement as of the related Determination Date, including any
Monthly Advances, Compensating Interest and, through the end of the Pre-Funding
Period, amounts withdrawn from the Capitalized Interest Account with respect to
the related Class or Classes of Offered Certificates and any remaining amount on
deposit in the Pre-Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding Period and
allocable to the related Loan Group, in each case with respect to such
Distribution Date.
The "Available Transfer Cashflow" for any Loan Group and Distribution Date
will equal the Remaining Net Excess Spread for the OTHER Loan Group remaining
after the payment, if any, of Additional Principal on the Class or Classes of
Offered Certificates related to such other Loan Group.
The "Basic Principal Amount" with respect to any Loan Group and Distribution
Date will equal the sum of (i) each payment of principal on a Home Equity Loan
received by the Servicer (exclusive of amounts described in clauses (ii) and
(iii) below during the calendar month preceding the calendar month in which such
Distribution Date occurs (with respect to any Distribution Date, the "Due
Period"); (ii) curtailments (i.e., partial prepayments) and prepayments in full
received during the related Due Period; (iii) all Insurance Proceeds and Net
Liquidation Proceeds allocable to recoveries of principal of Home Equity Loans
received during the related Due Period; (iv) an amount equal to the excess, if
any, of the Principal Balance (immediately prior to liquidation) of each Home
Equity Loan liquidated during the related Due Period over the principal portion
of Net Liquidation Proceeds received during such Due Period (the "Unrecovered
Class A Portion"); and (v) (a) the outstanding Principal Balance of any Home
Equity Loan repurchased by the Seller or purchased by the Servicer as required
or permitted by the Purchase Agreement or the Agreement as of the related
Determination Date and (b) with respect to any Defective Home Equity Loan
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for which the Seller substitutes an Eligible Substitute Home Equity Loan as of
the related Determination Date, any excess of the Principal Balance of such
Defective Home Equity Loan over the Principal Balance of such Eligible
Substitute Home Equity Loan, plus the amount of any unreimbursed Servicing
Advances (defined herein) made by the Servicer with respect to the Home Equity
Loan to the extent received.
The "Carry-Forward Amount" for any Class of Offered Certificates on any
Distribution Date will equal the sum of (a) the excess of the aggregate Class
Remittance Amounts as of each preceding Distribution Date over the amount of the
actual distributions to the Holders of such Class of Offered Certificates made
on any such Distribution Date and not subsequently distributed, and (b) interest
on the amount, if any, of the interest component of the amount described in
clause (a) at one-twelfth of the applicable Certificate Rate.
The "Excess Principal" for any Loan Group and Distribution Date will equal
the lesser of (i) the portion, if any, of the Basic Principal Amount for such
Loan Group that is not required to be included in the Principal Remittance
Amount for the related Class or Classes of Offered Certificates for such
Distribution Date and (ii) the amount of such portion remaining after the
application of the related Available Remittance Amount to the Required Payments
for such Loan Group.
The "Excess Spread" for any Loan Group and Distribution Date will equal
interest collected or advanced on the Home Equity Loans in such Loan Group
(including amounts allocated to the related Class of Offered Certificates in the
Capitalized Interest Account) minus the sum of (i) the Interest Remittance
Amount for the related Class or Classes of Offered Certificates and (ii) the
Expense Fees for such Loan Group.
The "Expense Fee Rate" will equal the sum of the per annum rates at which
the Servicing Fee, the Back-up Servicing Fee, the Trustee Fee and the Premium
are calculated which, will be 0.73%.
The "Interest Remittance Amount" for any Distribution Date and Class of
Offered Certificates will equal interest accrued during the related Interest
Period at the applicable Certificate Rate on the Class Certificate Balance of
such Class of Offered Certificates immediately prior to the related Distribution
Date.
The "Principal Remittance Amount" for any Class of Offered Certificates and
any Distribution Date will be equal to the sum of:
(i) the lesser of (x) the Basic Principal Amount for the related Loan
Group and (y) the portion of such Basic Principal Amount required to be
distributed to increase the Overcollateralization Amount for the related
Loan Group to the Required Overcollateralization Amount for such Loan Group
on such Distribution Date;
(ii) the Carry-Forward Amount; and
(iii) on the Distribution Date at the end of the Pre-Funding Period,
amounts deposited in the related Distribution Account from the Pre-Funding
Account pursuant to the Agreement and allocable to the related Loan Group.
A "Liquidated Home Equity Loan" means, as to any Distribution Date, any Home
Equity Loan in respect of which the Servicer has determined, based on the
servicing procedures specified in the Agreement, as of the end of the preceding
Due Period that all Liquidation Proceeds which it expects to recover with
respect to the disposition of the related Mortgaged Property have been
recovered.
The "Net Excess Principal" for any Loan Group and Distribution Date will
equal the Excess Principal for such Loan Group remaining after the application
thereof to cover an Available Funds Shortfall with respect to the other Loan
Group.
The "Net Excess Spread" for any Loan Group and Distribution Date will equal
the Excess Spread for such Loan Group remaining after the application thereof to
cover an Available Funds Shortfall with respect to such Loan Group.
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"Net Liquidation Proceeds" with respect to a Home Equity Loan are equal to
the Liquidation Proceeds, reduced by related expenses, up to the unpaid
Principal Balance of the Home Equity Loan plus accrued and unpaid interest
thereon. "Liquidation Proceeds" are the proceeds received in connection with the
liquidation of any Home Equity Loan, whether through trustee's sale, foreclosure
sale or otherwise.
The "Overcollateralization Amount" for any Loan Group and Distribution Date
will equal the sum of (a) the excess, if any, of (i) the sum of the Loan Group
Balance and the amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account allocated to such
Loan Group (exclusive of any investment earnings included therein) as of the
close of business on the last day of the related Due Period, over (ii) the Class
Certificate Balance of the related Class or Classes of Offered Certificates,
after giving effect to the distributions of the related Principal Remittance
Amount on such Distribution Date, and (b) the amount, if any on deposit in the
Spread Account allocated to the related Class or Classes of Offered
Certificates.
The "Remaining Net Excess Spread" for any Loan Group and Distribution Date
will equal the Net Excess Spread for such Loan Group remaining after the
application thereof to cover an Available Funds Shortfall with respect to the
other Loan Group.
The "Required Payments" for any Loan Group and Distribution Date will equal
the amount required to pay the Expense Fees, other than the Servicing Fee, the
related Interest Remittance Amount(s) and the related Principal Remittance
Amount and to reimburse the Certificate Insurer for previously unreimbursed
Insured Payments with respect to the related Class or Classes of Certificates,
together with interest thereon at the rate referred to in the Insurance
Agreement.
"Yield Supplement Payment" means as to any Distributor Date an amount equal
to the product of (x) the excess, if any, of (i) the sum of the weighted average
of the fixed Certificate Rates of the Fixed Rate Certificates plus the Expense
Fee Rate over (ii) the weighted average of the Loan Rates of the Home Equity
Loans in Loan Group One and (y) the Principal Balance of the Low Coupon Loans.
REPORTS TO CERTIFICATEHOLDERS
Concurrently with each distribution to the Certificateholders, the Trustee
will forward to each Certificateholder a statement setting forth, among other
items, the following information with respect to each Class of Offered
Certificates:
(i) the Available Remittance Amount for the related Distribution Date;
(ii) the related Interest Remittance Amount and Certificate Rate;
(iii) the related Principal Remittance Amount, stating separately the
components thereof;
(iv) the amount of the Monthly Advances and Compensating Interest
Payments;
(v) the Servicing Fee for such Distribution Date;
(vi) the Additional Principal;
(vii) the Class Certificate Balance, after giving effect to such
distribution;
(viii) the related Loan Group Balance;
(ix) the number and aggregate Principal Balances of the Home Equity
Loans in the related Loan Group as to which the minimum monthly payment is
delinquent for 30-59 days, 60-89 days and 90 or more days, respectively, as
of the end of the preceding Due Period;
(x) the book value of any real estate which is acquired by the Trust
through foreclosure or grant of deed in lieu of foreclosure;
(xi) the amount of any Insured Payments for such Distribution Date; and
(xii) the amount of the Unrecovered Class A Portions for each Loan Group
realized during the related Due Period; the cumulative amount of losses
realized since the Cut-Off Date for each Loan Group with separate items
indicating gross losses, principal losses, recoveries, net losses and a
breakout for recovery expenses.
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In the case of information furnished pursuant to clauses (ii) and (iii)
above, the amounts shall be expressed as a dollar amount per Certificate with a
$1,000 denomination.
Within 60 days after the end of each calendar year, the Trustee will forward
to each Person who was a Certificateholder during the prior calendar year a
statement containing the information set forth in clauses (ii) and (iii) above
aggregated for such calendar year.
COLLECTION AND OTHER SERVICING PROCEDURES ON HOME EQUITY LOANS
The Servicer will make reasonable efforts to collect all payments called for
under the Home Equity Loans and will, consistent with the Agreement, follow such
collection procedures as it follows from time to time with respect to the home
equity loans in its servicing portfolio comparable to the Home Equity Loans.
Consistent with the above, the Servicer may in its discretion waive any late
payment charge or any assumption or other fee or charge that may be collected in
the ordinary course of servicing the Home Equity Loans.
With respect to the Home Equity Loans, the Servicer may arrange with a
borrower a schedule for the payment of interest due and unpaid for a period,
provided that any such arrangement is consistent with the Servicer's policies
with respect to the home equity loans it owns or services. With respect to Home
Equity Loans that are junior in priority to a First Lien on a Mortgaged
Property, the Servicer has the power under certain circumstances to consent to a
new mortgage lien on such Mortgaged Property having priority over such Home
Equity Loan in connection with the refinancing of such First Lien.
HAZARD INSURANCE
The Servicer will cause to be maintained fire and hazard insurance with
extended coverage customary in the area where the Mortgaged Property is located,
in an amount which is at least equal to the least of (i) the outstanding
Principal Balance on the Home Equity Loan and any related First Lien, (ii) the
full insurable value of the premises securing the Home Equity Loan and (iii) the
minimum amount required to compensate for damage or loss on a replacement cost
basis in each case in an amount not less than such amount as is necessary to
avoid the application of any co-insurance clause contained in the related hazard
insurance policy. Generally, if the Mortgaged Property is in an area identified
in the Federal Register by the Federal Emergency Management Agency as Flood Zone
"A", such flood insurance has been made available and the Servicer determines
that such insurance is necessary in accordance with accepted mortgage servicing
practices of prudent lending institutions servicing similar mortgage loans, the
Servicer will cause to be purchased a flood insurance policy with a generally
acceptable insurance carrier, in an amount representing coverage not less than
the least of (a) the outstanding Principal Balance of the Home Equity Loan and
any related First Lien, (b) the full insurable value of the Mortgaged Property,
or (c) the maximum amount of insurance available under the National Flood
Insurance Act of 1968, as amended. The Servicer will also maintain on REO
Property, to the extent such insurance is available, fire and hazard insurance
in the applicable amounts described above, liability insurance and, to the
extent required and available under the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as
amended, and the Servicer determines that such insurance is necessary in
accordance with accepted mortgage servicing practices of prudent lending
institutions servicing similar home equity loans, flood insurance in an amount
equal to that required above. Any amounts collected by the Servicer under any
such policies (other than amounts to be applied to the restoration or repair of
the Mortgaged Property, or to be released to the Mortgagor in accordance with
the Servicer's normal mortgage servicing procedures) will be deposited in the
applicable Collection Account, subject to retention by the Servicer to the
extent such amounts constitute servicing compensation or to withdrawal pursuant
to the Agreement.
In the event that the Servicer obtains and maintains a blanket policy as
provided in the Agreement insuring against fire and hazards of extended coverage
on all of the Home Equity Loans, then, to the extent such policy names the
Servicer as loss payee and provides coverage in an amount equal to the aggregate
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unpaid principal balance of the Home Equity Loans without coinsurance and
otherwise complies with the requirements of the preceding paragraph, the
Servicer will be deemed conclusively to have satisfied its obligations with
respect to fire and hazard insurance coverage.
REALIZATION UPON DEFAULTED HOME EQUITY LOANS
The Servicer will foreclose upon or otherwise comparably convert to
ownership Mortgaged Properties securing such of the Home Equity Loans as come
into default when, in accordance with applicable servicing procedures under the
Agreement, no satisfactory arrangements can be made for the collection of
delinquent payments. In connection with such foreclosure or other conversion,
the Servicer will follow such practices as it deems necessary or advisable and
as are in keeping with its general mortgage servicing activities, provided the
Servicer will not be required to expend its own funds in connection with
foreclosure or other conversion, correction of default on a related First Lien
or restoration of any property unless, in its sole judgment, such foreclosure,
correction or restoration will increase Net Liquidation Proceeds. The Servicer
will be reimbursed out of Liquidation Proceeds for advances of its own funds as
liquidation expenses before any Net Liquidation Proceeds are distributed to
Certificateholders.
ENFORCEMENT OF DUE-ON-SALE CLAUSES
When any Mortgaged Property is about to be conveyed by the obligor, the
Servicer will, to the extent it has knowledge of such prospective conveyance and
prior to the time of the consummation of such conveyance, exercise its rights to
accelerate the maturity of the related Home Equity Loan under the applicable
"due-on-sale" clause, if any, unless it reasonably believes that such clause is
not enforceable under applicable law. In such event, the Servicer is authorized
to accept from or enter into an assumption agreement with the person to whom
such property has been or is about to be conveyed, pursuant to which such person
becomes liable under the Home Equity Loan and pursuant to which the original
obligor is released from liability and such person is substituted as the obligor
and becomes liable under the Home Equity Loan. Any fee collected in connection
with an assumption will be retained by the Servicer as additional servicing
compensation. The terms of a Home Equity Loan may not be changed in connection
with an assumption.
SERVICING COMPENSATION AND PAYMENT OF EXPENSES
With respect to each Due Period, the Servicer will receive from interest
payments actually received in respect of the Home Equity Loans a portion of such
interest payments as a monthly Servicing Fee in the amount equal to 0.50% per
annum (the "Servicing Fee Rate") on the Principal Balance of each Home Equity
Loan as of the first day of each such Due Period. All assumption fees, late
payment charges and other fees and charges, to the extent collected from
borrowers, will be retained by the Servicer as additional servicing
compensation. The Servicer will pay certain ongoing expenses associated with the
Trust and incurred by it in connection with its responsibilities under the
Agreement.
EVIDENCE AS TO COMPLIANCE
The Agreement provides for delivery on or before January 31 in each year,
beginning in January 1997, to the Depositor, the Trustee, the Certificate
Insurer and the Rating Agencies of an annual statement signed by an officer of
the Servicer to the effect that the Servicer has fulfilled its material
obligations under the Agreement throughout the preceding fiscal year, except as
specified in such statement.
On or before January 31 in each year, beginning in January 1997, the
Servicer will furnish a report prepared by a firm of nationally recognized
independent public accountants (who may also render other services to the
Servicer or the Seller) to the Depositor, the Trustee, the Certificate Insurer
and the Rating
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Agencies to the effect that such firm has examined certain documents and the
records relating to servicing of the Home Equity Loans under the Uniform Single
Attestation Program for Mortgage Bankers and such firm's conclusion with respect
thereto.
CERTAIN MATTERS REGARDING THE SERVICER
The Agreement provides that the Servicer may not resign from its obligations
and duties thereunder, except in connection with a permitted transfer of
servicing, unless (i) such duties and obligations are no longer permissible
under applicable law or are in material conflict by reason of applicable law
with any other activities of a type and nature presently carried on by it or
(ii) upon the satisfaction of the following conditions: (a) the Servicer has
proposed a successor servicer to the Trustee in writing and such proposed
successor servicer is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee; (b) the Rating
Agencies have confirmed to the Trustee that the appointment of such proposed
successor servicer as the Servicer will not result in the reduction or
withdrawal of the then-current rating of the Offered Certificates; and (c) such
proposed successor servicer is reasonably acceptable to the Certificate Insurer.
No such resignation will become effective until the Trustee or a successor
servicer has assumed the Servicer's obligations and duties under the Agreement.
The Servicer may perform any of its duties and obligations under the
Agreement through one or more subservicers or delegates, which may be affiliates
of the Servicer. Notwithstanding any such arrangement, the Servicer will remain
liable and obligated to the Trustee and the Certificateholders for the
Servicer's duties and obligations under the Agreement, without any diminution of
such duties and obligations and as if the Servicer itself were performing such
duties and obligations.
The Agreement provides that none of the Depositor, the Seller or the
Servicer or any of their respective directors, officers, employees or agents
will be under any other liability to the Trust, the Trustee, the
Certificateholders or any other person for any action taken or for refraining
from taking any action pursuant to the Agreement. However, the Servicer will not
be protected against any liability which would otherwise be imposed by reason of
its willful misconduct, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties
under the Agreement or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations
thereunder. In addition, the Agreement provides that the Servicer will not be
under any obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any legal action which is
not incidental to the Servicer's servicing responsibilities under the Agreement.
The Servicer may, in its sole discretion, undertake any such legal action which
it may deem necessary or desirable with respect to the Agreement and the rights
and duties of the parties thereto and the interest of the Certificateholders
thereunder.
Any corporation into which the Servicer may be merged or consolidated, or
any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which
the Servicer shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to the business of
the Servicer shall be the successor of the Servicer, without the execution or
filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto,
anything in the Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding.
THE BACK-UP SERVICER
The Bank of New York will be appointed as the Back-Up Servicer under the
Agreement. Prior to the occurrence of an Event of Servicer Termination, the
Agreement requires the Back-Up Servicer to maintain current records of each
Mortgagor's account and the activity therein. The Servicer will be required to
furnish electronically such records to the Back-Up Servicer on a monthly basis,
and the Back-Up Servicer will be required to recalculate the Servicer's
application of all funds received from or on behalf of the Mortgagors. Upon the
occurrence of an Event of Servicer Termination, the Back-Up Servicer will be
obligated to assume the obligations of the Servicer as described below. In
performing its obligations under the Agreement, the Back-Up Servicer will be
entitled to the same protections afforded to the Servicer under the Agreement.
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EVENTS OF SERVICER TERMINATION
The Servicer's rights under the Agreement may be terminated upon the
occurrence of an Event of Default or a Trigger Event. "Events of Default" will
consist of: (i) any failure of the Servicer to deposit in either Collection
Account any deposit required to be made under the Agreement, which failure
continues unremedied for three Business Days after the giving of written notice
of such failure to the Servicer by the Trustee, or to the Servicer and the
Trustee by the Certificate Insurer or Certificateholders of any Class evidencing
Percentage Interests aggregating not less than 25% of such Class; (ii) any
failure by the Servicer duly to observe or perform in any material respect any
other of its covenants or agreements in the Agreement which continues unremedied
for 30 days after the giving of written notice of such failure to the Servicer
by the Trustee, or to the Servicer and the Trustee by the Certificate Insurer or
Certificateholders of any Class evidencing Percentage Interests aggregating not
less than 25% of such Class; (iii) any failure by the Servicer to make any
required Servicing Advance, which failure continues unremedied for a period of
30 days after the giving of written notice of such failure to the Servicer by
the Trustee, or to the Servicer and the Trustee by the Certificate Insurer or
Certificateholders of any Class evidencing Percentage Interests aggregating not
less than 25% of such Class; (iv) certain events of insolvency, readjustment of
debt, marshalling of assets and liabilities or similar proceedings relating to
the Servicer and certain actions by the Servicer indicating insolvency,
reorganization or inability to pay its obligations (an "Insolvency Event"); (v)
so long as the Seller is an affiliate of the Servicer, any failure of the Seller
to repurchase or substitute Eligible Substitute Home Equity Loans for Defective
Home Equity Loans as required by the Purchase Agreement; (vi) any failure to pay
any Monthly Advance or any Compensating Interest Payments which continues
unremedied for a period of one Business Day; or (vii) any insufficiency in
either Amount Available excluding Insured Payments occurs on a Distribution Date
resulting in the need for an Insured Payment.
A "Trigger Event" will consist of: (i) the failure by the Seller or the
Servicer to pay any amount due the Certificate Insurer pursuant to the Insurance
Agreement among the Depositor, the Seller, the Servicer and the Certificate
Insurer, which continues unremedied for three Business Days after written notice
of such failure by the Certificate Insurer; (ii) the Certificate Insurer
determines that the performance of the Servicer is not satisfactory; or (iii)
the Servicer is a party to a merger, consolidation or other corporate
transaction in which the Servicer is not the surviving entity, the debt of such
surviving entity is not investment grade or the Certificate Insurer determines
that the servicing capabilities of the surviving entity could materially and
adversely affect the servicing of the Home Equity Loans.
RIGHTS UPON AN EVENT OF SERVICER TERMINATION
So long as an Event of Default remains unremedied, either the Trustee, or
Certificateholders of any Class evidencing Percentage Interests of at least 51%
of such Class, with the consent of the Certificate Insurer, or the Certificate
Insurer, may terminate all of the rights and obligations of the Servicer under
the Agreement and in and to the Home Equity Loans, whereupon the Back-Up
Servicer will succeed to all the responsibilities, duties and liabilities of the
Servicer under the Agreement (the "Successor Servicer") and will be entitled to
similar compensation arrangements. Upon the occurrence and continuation beyond
the applicable grace period of the event described in clause (vi) in the second
preceding paragraph, the Back-Up Servicer will immediately assume the duties of
the Servicer. The Back-Up Servicer, as Successor Servicer, will be obligated to
make Monthly Advances and Servicing Advances and certain other advances unless
it determines reasonably and in good faith that such advances would not be
recoverable. In the event that the Back-Up Servicer would be obligated to
succeed the Servicer but is unwilling or unable so to act, it may appoint, or
petition a court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of, a housing and
home finance institution or other mortgage loan or home equity loan servicer
with all licenses and permits required to perform its obligations under the
Agreement and having a net worth of at least $15,000,000 and acceptable to the
Certificate Insurer to act as Successor Servicer under the Agreement. Pending
such appointment, the Back-Up Servicer will be obligated to act in such capacity
unless prohibited by law. Such successor will be entitled to receive the same
compensation that the Servicer would otherwise have received (or such lesser
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compensation as the Trustee and such successor may agree). A trustee in
bankruptcy for the Servicer may be empowered to prevent the termination and
replacement of the Servicer if the only Event of Default has occurred is an
Insolvency Event.
Upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event, the Certificate Insurer, in its sole
discretion, may direct the Trustee to remove the Servicer and to appoint a
Successor Servicer.
AMENDMENT
The Agreement may be amended from time to time by the Depositor, the
Servicer and the Trustee, with the consent of the Certificate Insurer, but
without the consent of the Certificateholders, to cure any ambiguity, to correct
or supplement any provisions therein which may be defective or inconsistent with
any other provisions of the Agreement, to add to the duties of the Depositor or
the Servicer, to comply with any requirements imposed by the Code or any
regulation thereunder, or to add or amend any provisions of the Agreement as
required by the Rating Agencies in order to maintain or improve any rating of
the Offered Certificates (it being understood that, after obtaining the ratings
in effect on the Closing Date, none of the Depositor, the Seller, the Servicer
or the Trustee is obligated to obtain, maintain, or improve any such rating) or
to add any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under
the Agreement which shall not be inconsistent with the provisions of the
Agreement, provided that such action will not, as evidenced by an opinion of
counsel, materially and adversely affect the interests of any Certificateholder
or the Certificate Insurer; provided, that any such amendment will not be deemed
to materially and adversely affect the Certificateholders and no such opinion
will be required to be delivered if the person requesting such amendment obtains
a letter from the Rating Agencies stating that such amendment would not result
in a downgrading of the then-current rating of the Offered Certificates. The
Agreement may also be amended from time to time by the Depositor, the Servicer
and the Trustee, with the consent of Holders of Certificates evidencing
Percentage Interests aggregating not less than 51% of each Class affected
thereby and the Certificate Insurer for the purpose of adding any provisions to
or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of the Agreement
or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Certificateholders, provided
that no such amendment will (i) reduce in any manner the amount of, or delay the
timing of, collections of payments on the Certificates or distributions or
payments under the Policy which are required to be made on any Certificate
without the consent of the Certificateholder or (ii) reduce the aforesaid
percentage required to consent to any such amendment, without the consent of the
holders of all Certificates then outstanding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
provisions of the Agreement relating to overcollateralization may be reduced or
eliminated by the Certificate Insurer without the consent of any
Certificateholder so long as a Certificate Insurer Default does not exist.
TERMINATION; RETIREMENT OF THE CERTIFICATES
The Trust will terminate on the Distribution Date following the later of (A)
termination of the Policy and payment in full of all amounts owing to the
Certificate Insurer and (B) the earliest of (i) the Distribution Date on which
the Class Certificate Balance of each Class of Offered Certificates has been
reduced to zero, (ii) the final payment or other liquidation of the last Home
Equity Loan in the Trust, and (iii) the optional transfer to the Servicer of the
Home Equity Loans, as described below.
The Servicer will have the right to purchase all remaining Home Equity Loans
and REO Properties in the Trust and thereby effect early retirement of the
Certificates, subject to the Pool Balance of such Home Equity Loans and REO
Properties at the time of purchase being less than or equal to 10% of the sum of
the Pool Balance as of the Cut-Off Date and the Principal Balance of each
Subsequent Home Equity Loan as of the applicable Subsequent Cut-Off Date. In the
event the Servicer exercises such option, the purchase price will be at least
equal to (x) 100% of its then outstanding principal balance plus (y) the greater
of (i) the aggregate amount of accrued and unpaid interest on the Home Equity
Loans through the related Due Period and (ii) 30 days' accrued interest thereon
at the Loan Rate, in each case net of the Servicing Fee plus (z) any amounts due
to the Certificate Insurer.
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The termination of the Trust will be effected in a manner consistent with
applicable federal income tax regulations and the status of the Trust as a
REMIC.
OPTIONAL PURCHASE OF DEFAULTED HOME EQUITY LOANS
The Servicer has the option to purchase from the Trust any Home Equity Loan
90 days or more delinquent at a purchase price equal to the outstanding
Principal Balance of such Home Equity Loan as of the date of purchase, plus the
greater of (i) all accrued and unpaid interest on such principal balance and
(ii) 30 days' interest on such principal balance, computed at the Loan Rate,
plus all unreimbursed amounts owing to the Certificate Insurer with interest
thereon at the rate referred to in the Insurance Agreement.
THE TRUSTEE
The Bank of New York, a banking corporation organized under the laws of the
State of New York, has been named Trustee pursuant to the Agreement.
The Trustee may have normal banking relationships with the Depositor, the
Seller and the Servicer.
The Trustee may resign at any time, in which event the Depositor will be
obligated to appoint a successor Trustee, as approved by the Certificate Insurer
and the Servicer. The Depositor may also remove the Trustee if the Trustee
ceases to be eligible to continue as such under the Agreement or if the Trustee
becomes insolvent. Upon becoming aware of such circumstances, the Depositor will
be obligated to appoint a successor Trustee, as approved by the Certificate
Insurer and the Servicer. Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and
appointment of a successor Trustee will not become effective until acceptance of
the appointment by the successor Trustee.
No holder of a Certificate will have any right under the Agreement to
institute any proceeding with respect to the Agreement unless such holder
previously has given to the Trustee written notice of default and unless
Certificateholders evidencing Percentage Interests of at least 51% of the
applicable Class have made written requests upon the Trustee to institute such
proceeding in its own name as Trustee thereunder and have offered to the Trustee
reasonable indemnity and the Trustee for 60 days has neglected or refused to
institute any such proceeding. The Trustee will be under no obligation to
exercise any of the trusts or powers vested in it by the Agreement or to make
any investigation of matters arising thereunder or to institute, conduct or
defend any litigation thereunder or in relation thereto at the request, order or
direction of any of the Certificateholders, unless such Certificateholders have
offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the cost,
expenses and liabilities which may be incurred therein or thereby.
THE POLICY AND THE CERTIFICATE INSURER
THE POLICY
Simultaneously with the issuance of the Certificates, the Certificate
Insurer will issue the Policy pursuant to which it will irrevocably and
unconditionally guaranty payment on each Distribution Date to the Trustee for
the benefit of the Holders of each Class of Offered Certificates of a maximum
amount equal to the applicable Guaranteed Interest Payment Amount and the
applicable Guaranteed Principal Payment Amount for such Distribution Date. The
Offered Certificates, the Purchase Agreement and the Agreement may not be
amended unless the Certificate Insurer has given its prior written consent. The
amount of the actual payment (the "Insured Payment"), if any, made by the
Certificate Insurer under the Policy on each Distribution Date allocated to such
Class of Offered Certificates is equal to the sum of (A) the excess, if any, of
(1) the Interest Remittance Amount with respect to such Class and Distribution
Date over (2) the Amount Available (net of Insured Payments) for the related
Loan Group, (B) the portion, if any, of the Yield Supplement Payment, allocable
to such Class of Offered Certificates and (C) the amount by which the Class
Certificate Balance of such Class of Offered Certificates (or in the case of the
Fixed Rate Certificates,
S-48
<PAGE>
the aggregate Class Certificate Balance of such Certificates) after giving
effect to all allocations and distributions to principal on such Class or
Classes of Offered Certificates on such Distribution Date exceeds the related
Loan Group Balance as of such Distribution Date. The Certificate Insurer's
obligations under the Policy to make Insured Payments will be discharged to the
extent funds are transferred to the Trustee as provided in the Policy, whether
or not such funds are properly applied by the Trustee.
Payment of claims under the Policy will be made by the Certificate Insurer
following Receipt by the Certificate Insurer of the appropriate notice for
payment on the later to occur of (a) 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the
second Business Day following Receipt of such notice for payment, and (b) 11:00
a.m., New York City time, on the Business Day immediately preceding the relevant
Distribution Date.
The terms "Receipt" and "Received," with respect to the Policy, means actual
delivery to the Certificate Insurer, prior to 2:00 pm., New York City time, on a
Business Day; delivery either on a day that is not a Business Day or after 2:00
pm., New York City time, shall be deemed to be Receipt on the next succeeding
Business Day.
If the payment of the Guaranteed Interest Payment Amount or the Guaranteed
Principal Payment Amount is voided pursuant to a final and non-appealable order
(a "Preference Event") under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership
or similar law in an Insolvency Proceeding, and, as a result of such a
Preference Event, the Trustee is required to return such voided payment, or any
portion of such voided payment, made in respect of the Certificates (an "Avoided
Payment"), the Certificate Insurer will pay an amount equal to such Avoided
Payment, upon receipt by the Certificate Insurer from the Trustee of (x) a
certified copy of a final order of a court exercising jurisdiction in such
Insolvency Proceeding to the effect that the Trustee is required to return any
such payment or portion thereof during the term of the Policy because such
payment was voided under applicable law, with respect to which order the appeal
period has expired without an appeal having been filed (the "Final Order"), (y)
an assignment, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Certificate Insurer,
irrevocably assigning to the Certificate Insurer all rights and claims of the
Trustee relating to or arising under such Avoided Payment and (z) a notice for
payment appropriately completed and executed by the Trustee. Such payment shall
be disbursed to the receiver, conservator, debtor-in-possession or trustee in
bankruptcy named in the Final Order and not to the Trustee directly.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall the Certificate Insurer be
obligated to make any payment in respect of any Avoided Payment, which payment
represents a payment of the principal amount of a Class of Offered Certificates,
prior to the time the Certificate Insurer would have been required to make a
payment in respect of such principal in the absence of such Preference Event.
The Certificate Insurer shall make payments due in respect of Avoided
Payments prior to 1:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second Business Day
following the Certificate Insurer's receipt of the documents required under
clauses (x) through (z) of the second preceding paragraph. Any such documents
received by the Certificate Insurer after 3:00 p.m., New York City time, on any
Business Day or on any day that is not a Business Day shall be deemed to have
been received by the Certificate Insurer prior to 3:00 p.m. on the next
succeeding Business Day.
Under the Policy, "Business Day" means any day other than (i) a Saturday or
Sunday or (ii) a day on which banking institutions in the City of New York, New
York, or the State of New Jersey are authorized or obligated by law or executive
order to be closed.
"Insolvency Proceeding" means the commencement, after the Closing Date, of
any bankruptcy, insolvency, readjustment of debt, reorganization, marshalling of
assets and liabilities or similar proceedings by or against any Person, or the
commencement, after the Closing Date, of any proceedings by or against any
Person for the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, or the consent after
the date hereof to the appointment of a trustee, conservator, receiver or
liquidator in any bankruptcy, insolvency, readjustment of debt, reorganization,
marshalling of assets and liabilities or similar proceedings of or relating to
any Person.
S-49
<PAGE>
The terms of the Policy cannot be modified, altered or affected by any other
agreement or instrument, or by the merger, consolidation or dissolution of the
Depositor, the Seller or Servicer. The Policy by its terms may not be canceled
or revoked. The Policy is governed by the laws of the State of New York.
Pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, unless a Certificate Insurer Default
exists, the Certificate Insurer will be entitled to exercise all rights of the
Holders of the Offered Certificates, without the consent of such
Certificateholders, and the Holders of the Offered Certificates may exercise
such rights only with the prior written consent of the Certificate Insurer. In
addition, the Certificate Insurer will, as a third party beneficiary to the
Agreement, have, among others, the following rights: (i) the right to give
notices of breach or to terminate the rights and obligations of the Servicer
under the Agreement in the event of an Event of Default by the Servicer and to
institute proceedings against the Servicer; (ii) the right to consent to or
direct any waivers of defaults by the Servicer; (iii) the right to remove the
Trustee pursuant to the Agreement; (iv) the right to direct the actions of the
Trustee during the continuation of a Servicer default; (v) the right to require
the Seller to repurchase Home Equity Loans for breach of representation and
warranty or defect in documentation; (vi) the right to direct foreclosures upon
the failure of the Servicer to do so in accordance with the Agreement; and (vii)
the right to direct the Trustee to investigate certain matters. The Certificate
Insurer's consent will be required prior to, among other things, (i) the removal
of the Trustee, (ii) the appointment of any successor Trustee or Servicer or
(iii) any amendment to the Agreement (which consent will not be withheld if an
opinion of counsel is delivered and addressed to the Certificate Insurer and the
Trustee to the effect that failure to amend the Agreement would adversely affect
the interests of the Certificateholders).
THE CERTIFICATE INSURER
The information set forth in this section and in Appendices B and C hereto
has been supplied by Capital Markets Assurance Corporation ("CapMAC").
Accordingly, none of the Depositor, the Seller, the Servicer, the Trustee or the
Underwriter makes any representation as to the accuracy and completeness of such
information.
CapMAC is a New York-domiciled monoline stock insurance company which
engages only in the business of financial guarantee and surety insurance. CapMAC
is licensed in 50 states in addition to the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the territory of Guam. CapMAC insures structured
asset-backed, corporate, municipal and other financial obligations in the U.S.
and international capital markets. CapMAC also provides financial guarantee
reinsurance for structured asset-backed, corporate, municipal and other
financial obligations written by other major insurance companies.
CapMAC's claims-paying ability is rated "Aaa" by Moody's Investors Service,
Inc. ("Moody's"), "AAA" by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services ("Standard &
Poor's"), "AAA" by Duff & Phelps Credit Rating Co. ("Duff & Phelps") and "AAA"
by Nippon Investors Service Inc. Such ratings reflect only the views of the
respective rating agencies, are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold
securities and are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by such rating
agencies.
CapMAC is wholly owned by CapMAC Holdings Inc. ("Holdings"). In December
1995, in connection with an initial public offering of its common stock,
Holdings became a public company with its common stock listed on the New York
Stock Exchange under the symbol "KAP." Neither Holdings nor any of its
stockholders is obligated to pay any claims under any surety bond issued by
CapMAC or any debts of CapMAC or to make additional capital contributions.
CapMAC is regulated by the Superintendent of Insurance of the State of New
York. In addition, CapMAC is subject to regulation by the insurance laws and
regulations of the other jurisdictions in which it is licensed. Such insurance
laws regulate, among other things, the amount of net exposure per risk that
CapMAC may retain, capital transfers, dividends, investment of assets, changes
in control, transactions with affiliates and consolidations and acquisitions.
CapMAC is subject to periodic regulatory examinations by the same regulatory
authorities.
S-50
<PAGE>
CapMAC's obligations under the Policy may be reinsured. Such reinsurance
does not relieve CapMAC of any of its obligations under the Policy.
THE POLICY IS NOT COVERED BY THE PROPERTY/CASUALTY INSURANCE SECURITY FUND
SPECIFIED IN ARTICLE 76 OF THE NEW YORK INSURANCE LAW.
As at December 31, 1995 and 1994, CapMAC had qualified statutory capital
(which consists of policyholders' surplus and contingency reserve) of
approximately $240 million and $170 million, respectively, and had not incurred
any debt obligations. Article 69 of the New York State Insurance Law requires
CapMAC to establish and maintain the contingency reserve, which is available to
cover claims under surety bonds issued by CapMAC.
The audited financial statements of CapMAC prepared in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles as of December 31, 1995 and 1994 and
for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1995 are
attached as Appendix B to this Prospectus Supplement and the unaudited financial
statements of CapMAC as of March 31, 1996 and 1995 and for each of the
three-month periods then ended are attached as Appendix C to this Prospectus
Supplement. Copies of CapMAC's financial statements prepared in accordance with
statutory accounting standards, which differ from generally accepted accounting
principles, and filed with the Insurance Department of the State of New York are
available upon request. CapMAC is located at 885 Third Avenue, New York, New
York 10022, and its telephone number is (212) 755-1155.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to be received from the sale of the Offered Certificates
will be used by the Depositor to purchase the Home Equity Loans. The Home Equity
Loans will have been acquired by the Depositor from the Seller pursuant to the
Purchase Agreement.
UNDERWRITING
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Underwriting Agreement
(the "Underwriting Agreement") between the Depositor and Bear, Stearns & Co.
Inc. (the "Underwriter"), the Depositor has agreed to sell to the Underwriter
and the Underwriter has agreed to purchase from the Depositor, all of the
Certificates offered hereby, if any are purchased. The Depositor has been
advised by the Underwriter that it proposes initially to offer the Offered
Certificates to the public at the respective offering prices set forth on the
cover page hereof and to certain dealers at such price less a concession not in
excess of the respective amounts set forth in the table below (expressed as a
percentage of the respective Class Certificate Balance). The Underwriter may
allow and such dealers may reallow a discount not in excess of the respective
amounts set forth in the table below to certain other dealers.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SELLING REALLOWANCE
CLASS CONCESSION DISCOUNT
- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
A-1.............................................................. 0.150% 0.075%
A-2.............................................................. 0.200% 0.125%
A-3.............................................................. 0.250% 0.125%
A-4.............................................................. 0.300% 0.125%
A-5.............................................................. 0.250% 0.100%
</TABLE>
The Depositor is an affiliate of the Underwriter.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Depositor will indemnify the
Underwriter against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
S-51
<PAGE>
REPORT OF EXPERTS
The financial statements of Capital Markets Assurance Corporation as of
December 31, 1995 and 1994 and for each of the years in the three-year period
ended December 31, 1995, are attached hereto as Appendix B and have been audited
by KPMG Peat Marwick LLP, independent certified public accountants, as set forth
in their report thereon and are included in reliance upon the authority of such
firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The report of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP noted above refers to Capital Markets
Assurance Corporation's adoption at December 31, 1993 of the Financial
Accounting Standards Board's Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
115, "ACCOUNTING FOR CERTAIN INVESTMENTS IN DEBT AND EQUITY SECURITIES."
RATINGS
It is a condition to issuance that each Class of Offered Certificates be
rated in the highest rating category by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group, a
division of The McGraw Hill Companies and Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
A securities rating addresses the likelihood of the receipt by Holders of
distributions on the Home Equity Loans to which they are entitled. The rating
takes into consideration the characteristics of the Home Equity Loans and the
structural, legal and tax aspects associated with the Offered Certificates. The
ratings on the Offered Certificates do not, however, constitute statements
regarding the likelihood or frequency of prepayments on the Home Equity Loans or
the possibility that Holders might realize a lower than anticipated yield. The
ratings assigned to the Offered Certificates will depend primarily upon the
creditworthiness of the Certificate Insurer. Any reduction in a rating assigned
to the claims-paying ability of the Certificate Insurer below the ratings
initially assigned to the Offered Certificates may result in a reduction of one
or more of the ratings assigned to the Offered Certificates.
A securities rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities
and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating
organization. Each securities rating should be evaluated independently of
similar ratings on different securities.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters with respect to the Certificates will be passed upon
for the Depositor by Stroock & Stroock & Lavan, New York, New York and for the
Underwriter by Brown & Wood, New York, New York.
S-52
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A
CERTAIN STATISTICAL INFORMATION
REGARDING THE INITIAL HOME EQUITY LOANS IN THE LOAN GROUPS
AS OF THE CUT-OFF DATE
<PAGE>
(This page has been left blank intentionally.)
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A-1
LOAN GROUP ONE
FIXED RATE HOME EQUITY LOANS
DISTRIBUTION BY CUT-OFF DATE PRINCIPAL BALANCES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
CUT-OFF DATE NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
PRINCIPAL BALANCES HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Up to $ 9,999.99 5 $ 49,383.82 0.11%
10,000.00 to 19,999.99 90 1,344,796.68 2.95
20,000.00 to 29,999.99 123 2,983,387.39 6.54
30,000.00 to 39,999.99 98 3,378,405.18 7.41
40,000.00 to 49,999.99 68 2,976,975.46 6.53
50,000.00 to 59,999.99 57 3,071,784.05 6.74
60,000.00 to 69,999.99 44 2,846,172.15 6.24
70,000.00 to 79,999.99 45 3,374,260.95 7.40
80,000.00 to 89,999.99 22 1,861,216.57 4.08
90,000.00 to 99,999.99 27 2,560,099.52 5.62
100,000.00 to 149,999.99 76 9,292,583.94 20.38
150,000.00 to 199,999.99 40 6,825,162.07 14.97
200,000.00 to 299,999.99 15 3,556,623.31 7.80
300,000.00 to 399,999.99 3 1,016,589.45 2.23
400,000.00 to 499,999.99 1 455,000.00 1.00
--- ---------------- ------
Total 714 $ 45,592,440.54 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION BY GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
OF THE MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Connecticut 5 $ 533,585.14 1.17%
Delaware 4 365,392.56 0.80
Maryland 43 2,653,473.15 5.82
New Jersey 288 18,815,179.92 41.27
New York 264 17,219,785.17 37.77
Pennsylvania 103 5,696,775.46 12.50
Virginia 7 308,249.14 0.68
--- ---------------- ------
Total 714 $ 45,592,440.54 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
A-1
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A-1
LOAN GROUP ONE
FIXED RATE HOME EQUITY LOANS
DISTRIBUTION BY ORIGINAL COMBINED LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIOS (1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
COMBINED LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIO HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
5.01% to 10.00% 4 $ 55,932.75 0.12%
10.01% to 15.00% 14 304,716.08 0.67
15.01% to 20.00% 23 773,201.44 1.70
20.01% to 25.00% 23 793,121.76 1.74
25.01% to 30.00% 16 658,013.60 1.44
30.01% to 35.00% 25 1,054,594.01 2.31
35.01% to 40.00% 37 1,973,821.86 4.33
40.01% to 45.00% 31 1,499,068.09 3.29
45.01% to 50.00% 38 2,241,473.44 4.92
50.01% to 55.00% 33 2,408,904.31 5.28
55.01% to 60.00% 51 3,276,456.09 7.19
60.01% to 65.00% 39 2,516,056.40 5.52
65.01% to 70.00% 64 5,229,174.20 11.47
70.01% to 75.00% 59 4,458,887.55 9.78
75.01% to 80.00% 231 16,993,353.72 37.27
80.01% to 85.00% 7 196,092.43 0.43
85.01% to 90.00% 8 780,152.39 1.71
90.01% to 95.00% 2 52,710.15 0.12
95.01% to 100.00% 9 326,710.27 0.72
--- ---------------- ------
Total 714 $ 45,592,440.54 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
- ------------------------
(1) The original Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios ("CLTV") shown above are equal,
with respect to each Home Equity Loan, to (i) the sum of (a) the original
principal balance of such Home Equity Loan at the date of origination plus
(b) the remaining balance of the senior lien(s), if any, at the date of
origination of such Home Equity Loan divided by the value of the related
Mortgaged Property, based upon the appraisal made at the time of
origination of such Home Equity Loan. No assurance can be given that the
values of such Mortgaged Properties have remained or will remain at their
levels as of the dates of origination of the related Initial Home Equity
Loans. If the residential real estate market should experience as overall
decline in property values such that the outstanding balances of such Home
Equity Loans together with the outstanding balances of the related first
liens become equal to or greater than the value of the related Mortgaged
Properties, the actual losses could be higher than those now generally
experienced in the mortgage lending industry.
DISTRIBUTION BY LIEN POSITION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
LIEN POSITION HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
---------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
First Lien 397 $ 33,517,274.88 73.51%
Second Lien 317 12,075,165.66 26.49
--- ---------------- ------
Total 714 $ 45,592,440.54 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
A-2
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A-1
LOAN GROUP ONE
FIXED RATE HOME EQUITY LOANS
DISTRIBUTION BY LOAN RATES AS OF THE CUT-OFF DATE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
LOAN RATE HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
7.000% to 7.499% 1 $ 181,054.98 0.40%
7.500% to 7.999% 17 2,375,164.67 5.21
8.000% to 8.499% 10 1,134,277.51 2.49
8.500% to 8.999% 102 8,442,488.65 18.52
9.000% to 9.499% 59 4,042,013.38 8.87
9.500% to 9.999% 172 11,598,649.66 25.44
10.000% to 10.499% 52 3,287,035.40 7.21
10.500% to 10.999% 85 4,860,046.69 10.66
11.000% to 11.499% 28 1,223,412.56 2.68
11.500% to 11.999% 51 2,754,529.54 6.04
12.000% to 12.499% 20 1,079,559.63 2.37
12.500% to 12.999% 29 1,110,360.17 2.44
13.000% to 13.499% 16 598,843.01 1.31
13.500% to 13.999% 33 1,415,747.13 3.11
14.000% to 14.499% 9 335,473.16 0.74
14.500% to 14.999% 16 401,782.22 0.88
15.000% to 15.499% 2 162,932.27 0.36
15.500% to 15.999% 1 69,000.00 0.15
16.000% to 16.499% 1 90,000.00 0.20
16.500% to 16.999% 10 430,069.91 0.94
--- ---------------- ------
Total 714 $ 45,592,440.54 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION BY REMAINING MONTHS TO STATED MATURITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
REMAINING MONTHS TO STATED MATURITY HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Up to 120 months 139 $ 3,835,864.81 8.41%
121 to 180 months 397 26,740,074.17 58.65
181 to 240 months 145 10,661,824.40 23.39
241 to 360 months 33 4,354,677.16 9.55
--- ---------------- ------
Total 714 $ 45,592,440.54 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
A-3
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A-1
LOAN GROUP ONE
FIXED RATE HOME EQUITY LOANS
DISTRIBUTION BY MONTHS SINCE FUNDING
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
MONTHS SINCE FUNDING HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Up to 12 months 714 $ 45,592,440.54 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
Total 714 $ 45,592,440.54 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION BY TYPE OF MORTGAGED PROPERTY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
PROPERTY TYPE HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Single Family Detached 524 $ 34,928,940.07 76.61%
Two- to Four-Family 76 5,373,454.65 11.79
Single Family Attached 88 3,795,866.36 8.33
Condominium 21 1,020,775.15 2.24
Mixed Use 5 473,404.31 1.04
--- ---------------- ------
Total 714 $ 45,592,440.54 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION BY OCCUPANCY STATUS*
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
OCCUPANCY STATUS HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Owner Occupied 675 $ 42,972,977.48 94.25%
Investor Owned 34 2,381,363.06 5.22
Vacation 1 77,400.00 0.17
Other 4 160,700.00 0.35
--- ---------------- ------
Total 714 $ 45,592,440.54 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
- ------------------------
*Based on representations by the Mortgagors at the time of origination of the
Home Equity Loans.
A-4
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A-2
LOAN GROUP TWO
ADJUSTABLE RATE HOME EQUITY LOANS
DISTRIBUTION BY CUT-OFF DATE PRINCIPAL BALANCES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
CUT-OFF DATE NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
PRINCIPAL BALANCES HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Up to $ 9,999.99 2 $ 19,926.75 0.07%
10,000.00 to 19,999.99 49 724,575.70 2.40
20,000.00 to 29,999.99 44 1,121,110.97 3.72
30,000.00 to 39,999.99 47 1,634,305.06 5.42
40,000.00 to 49,999.99 44 2,001,426.28 6.64
50,000.00 to 59,999.99 41 2,239,959.67 7.43
60,000.00 to 69,999.99 22 1,435,484.52 4.76
70,000.00 to 79,999.99 23 1,718,225.61 5.70
80,000.00 to 89,999.99 23 1,952,793.44 6.47
90,000.00 to 99,999.99 32 3,031,160.09 10.05
100,000.00 to 149,999.99 62 7,506,973.20 24.89
150,000.00 to 199,999.99 16 2,798,207.81 9.28
200,000.00 to 299,999.99 12 2,860,475.86 9.48
300,000.00 to 399,999.99 2 699,764.06 2.32
400,000.00 to 499,999.99 1 414,676.26 1.37
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION BY GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
OF THE MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Connecticut 7 $ 687,264.98 2.28%
District of Columbia 1 57,538.73 0.19
Delaware 5 242,228.71 0.80
Maryland 26 1,505,577.54 4.99
New Jersey 171 12,248,533.92 40.61
New York 118 10,243,978.27 33.97
Pennsylvania 91 5,145,943.13 17.06
Virginia 1 28,000.00 0.09
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
A-5
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A-2
LOAN GROUP TWO
ADJUSTABLE RATE HOME EQUITY LOANS
DISTRIBUTION BY ORIGINAL COMBINED LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIOS (1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
COMBINED LOAN-TO- VALUE RATIO HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
5.01% to 10.00% 3 $ 58,922.51 0.20%
10.01% to 15.00% 4 122,372.29 0.41
15.01% to 20.00% 5 154,363.70 0.51
20.01% to 25.00% 9 325,629.05 1.08
25.01% to 30.00% 7 255,194.82 0.85
30.01% to 35.00% 15 675,831.36 2.24
35.01% to 40.00% 19 861,545.90 2.86
40.01% to 45.00% 18 1,097,024.34 3.64
45.01% to 50.00% 18 879,908.15 2.92
50.01% to 55.00% 17 1,448,565.82 4.80
55.01% to 60.00% 30 2,267,892.00 7.52
60.01% to 65.00% 24 1,416,180.30 4.70
65.01% to 70.00% 30 2,566,429.10 8.51
70.01% to 75.00% 44 3,946,257.88 13.08
75.01% to 80.00% 177 14,082,948.06 46.70
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
- ------------------------
(1) The original Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios ("CLTV") shown above are equal,
with respect to each Home Equity Loan, to (i) the sum of (a) the original
principal balance of such Home Equity Loan at the date of origination plus
(b) the remaining balance of the senior lien(s), if any, at the date of
origination of such Home Equity Loan divided by the value of the related
Mortgaged Property, based upon the appraisal made at the time of
origination of such Home Equity Loan. No assurance can be given that the
values of such Mortgaged Properties have remained or will remain at their
levels as of the dates of origination of the related Initial Home Equity
Loans. If the residential real estate market should experience as overall
decline in property values such that the outstanding balances of such Home
Equity Loans together with the outstanding balances of the related first
liens become equal to or greater than the value of the related Mortgaged
Properties, the actual losses could be higher than those now generally
experienced in the mortgage lending industry.
DISTRIBUTION BY LIEN POSITION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
LIEN POSITION HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
First Lien 288 $ 25,732,713.65 85.32%
Second Lien 132 4,426,351.63 14.68
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
A-6
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A-2
LOAN GROUP TWO
ADJUSTABLE RATE HOME EQUITY LOANS
DISTRIBUTION BY LOAN RATES AS OF THE CUT-OFF DATE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
LOAN RATE HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
7.000% to 7.499% 38 $ 4,646,401.38 15.41%
7.500% to 7.999% 72 5,966,262.70 19.78
8.000% to 8.499% 37 3,367,435.42 11.17
8.500% to 8.999% 76 5,294,933.95 17.56
9.000% to 9.499% 36 2,231,114.51 7.40
9.500% to 9.999% 91 5,578,916.84 18.50
10.000% to 10.499% 35 1,792,811.53 5.94
10.500% to 10.999% 33 1,239,588.95 4.11
11.500% to 11.999% 2 41,600.00 0.14
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION BY REMAINING MONTHS TO STATED MATURITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
REMAINING MONTHS NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
TO STATED MATURITY HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Up to 120 months 1 $ 11,741.98 0.04%
121 to 180 months 222 9,728,263.60 32.26
301 to 360 months 197 20,419,059.70 67.70
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
A-7
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A-2
LOAN GROUP TWO
ADJUSTABLE RATE HOME EQUITY LOANS
DISTRIBUTION BY MONTHS SINCE FUNDING
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
MONTHS NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
SINCE FUNDING HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
--------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Up to 12 months 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION BY TYPE OF MORTGAGED PROPERTY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
PROPERTY TYPE HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Single Family Detached 329 $ 23,876,175.15 79.17%
Two- to Four-Family 35 3,439,867.33 11.41
Single Family Attached 49 2,359,280.30 7.82
Condominium 6 390,142.50 1.29
Mixed Use 1 93,600.00 0.31
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION BY OCCUPANCY STATUS*
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
OCCUPANCY STATUS HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
---------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Owner Occupied 403 $ 29,371,131.23 97.39%
Investor Owned 8 396,816.56 1.32
Vacation 4 144,479.40 0.48
Other 5 246,638.09 0.82
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
- ------------------------
*Based on representations by the Mortgagors at the time of origination of the
Home Equity Loans.
A-8
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A-2
LOAN GROUP TWO
ADJUSTABLE RATE HOME EQUITY LOANS
DISTRIBUTION BY LIFETIME CAP
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
LIFETIME CAP HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
13.000% to 13.499% 38 $ 4,646,401.38 15.41%
13.500% to 13.999% 72 5,966,262.70 19.78
14.000% to 14.499% 37 3,367,435.42 11.17
14.500% to 14.999% 76 5,294,933.95 17.56
15.000% to 15.499% 36 2,231,114.51 7.40
15.500% to 15.999% 91 5,578,916.84 18.50
16.000% to 16.499% 35 1,792,811.53 5.94
16.500% to 16.999% 33 1,239,588.95 4.11
17.500% to 17.999% 2 41,600.00 0.14
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION BY LIFETIME FLOOR
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
LIFETIME FLOOR HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
7.000% to 7.499% 38 $ 4,646,401.38 15.41%
7.500% to 7.999% 72 5,966,262.70 19.78
8.000% to 8.499% 37 3,367,435.42 11.17
8.500% to 8.999% 76 5,294,933.95 17.56
9.000% to 9.499% 36 2,231,114.51 7.40
9.500% to 9.999% 91 5,578,916.84 18.50
10.000% to 10.499% 35 1,792,811.53 5.94
10.500% to 10.999% 33 1,239,588.95 4.11
11.500% to 11.999% 2 41,600.00 0.14
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
A-9
<PAGE>
APPENDIX A-2
LOAN GROUP TWO
ADJUSTABLE RATE HOME EQUITY LOANS
DISTRIBUTION BY MARGIN
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
MARGIN HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
4.000% to 4.499% 88 $ 9,808,257.17 32.52%
4.500% to 4.999% 15 757,796.17 2.51
5.000% to 5.499% 26 1,086,455.87 3.60
5.500% to 5.999% 90 7,437,193.29 24.66
6.000% to 6.499% 15 694,589.85 2.30
6.500% to 6.999% 108 7,032,264.78 23.32
7.000% to 7.499% 45 2,253,384.62 7.47
7.500% to 7.999% 31 1,047,523.53 3.47
8.000% to 8.499% 1 25,200.00 0.08
8.500% to 8.999% 1 16,400.00 0.05
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
DISTRIBUTION BY NEXT RATE RESET DATE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE
AGGREGATE % OF CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AGGREGATE
NEXT RATE RESET DATE HOME EQUITY LOANS BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
--------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
February 1997 49 $ 3,484,124.82 11.55%
March 1997 192 14,463,204.15 47.96
April 1997 179 12,211,736.31 40.49
--- ---------------- ------
Total 420 $ 30,159,065.28 100.00%
--- ---------------- ------
--- ---------------- ------
</TABLE>
A-10
<PAGE>
APPENDIX B
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1995, 1994 AND 1993
(WITH INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT THEREON)
B-1
<PAGE>
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
The Board of Directors
Capital Markets Assurance Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Capital Markets Assurance
Corporation as of December 31, 1995 and 1994 and the related statements of
income, stockholder's equity and cash flows for each of the years in the
three-year period ended December 31, 1995. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Capital Markets Assurance
Corporation as of December 31, 1995 and 1994 and the results of its operations
and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December
31, 1995 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
As discussed in note 2, the Company changed its method of accounting for
investments to adopt the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards
Board's Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, "ACCOUNTING FOR
CERTAIN INVESTMENTS IN DEBT AND EQUITY SECURITIES," at December 31, 1993.
KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
January 25, 1996
B-2
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
BALANCE SHEETS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1995 1994
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Investments:
Bonds at fair value (amortized cost $210,651 at December 31, 1995 and $178,882 at December
31, 1994)................................................................................. $ 215,706 $ 172,016
Short-term investments (at amortized cost which approximates fair value)................... 68,646 2,083
Mutual funds at fair value (cost $16,434 at December 31, 1994)............................. -- 14,969
--------- ---------
Total investments........................................................................ 284,352 189,068
Cash......................................................................................... 344 85
Accrued investment income.................................................................... 3,136 2,746
Deferred acquisition costs................................................................... 35,162 24,860
Premiums receivable.......................................................................... 3,540 3,379
Prepaid reinsurance.......................................................................... 13,171 5,551
Other assets................................................................................. 3,428 3,754
--------- ---------
Total assets............................................................................. $ 343,133 $ 229,443
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Liabilities:
Unearned premiums.......................................................................... $ 45,767 $ 25,905
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses............................................ 6,548 5,191
Ceded reinsurance.......................................................................... 2,469 1,497
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses................................................ 10,844 10,372
Current income taxes....................................................................... 136 --
Deferred income taxes...................................................................... 11,303 3,599
--------- ---------
Total liabilities........................................................................ 77,067 46,564
Stockholder's Equity:
Common stock............................................................................... 15,000 15,000
Additional paid-in capital................................................................. 205,808 146,808
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments, net of tax.......................... 3,286 (5,499)
Retained earnings.......................................................................... 41,972 26,570
--------- ---------
Total stockholder's equity............................................................... 266,066 182,879
--------- ---------
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity............................................... $ 343,133 $ 229,443
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
B-3
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1995 1994 1993
--------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Direct premiums written........................................................... $ 56,541 $ 43,598 $ 24,491
Assumed premiums written.......................................................... 935 1,064 403
Ceded premiums written............................................................ (15,992) (11,069) (3,586)
--------- --------- ---------
Net premiums written............................................................ 41,484 33,593 21,308
Increase in unearned premiums..................................................... (12,242) (10,490) (3,825)
--------- --------- ---------
Net premiums earned............................................................... 29,242 23,103 17,483
Net investment income............................................................. 11,953 10,072 10,010
Net realized capital gains........................................................ 1,301 92 1,544
Other income...................................................................... 2,273 120 354
--------- --------- ---------
Total revenues.................................................................. 44,769 33,387 29,391
--------- --------- ---------
Expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses............................................... 3,141 1,429 902
Underwriting and operating expenses............................................... 13,808 11,833 11,470
Policy acquisition costs.......................................................... 7,203 4,529 2,663
--------- --------- ---------
Total expenses.................................................................. 24,152 17,791 15,035
--------- --------- ---------
Income before income taxes...................................................... 20,617 15,596 14,356
--------- --------- ---------
Income Taxes:
Current income tax................................................................ 2,113 865 1,002
Deferred income tax............................................................... 3,102 2,843 2,724
--------- --------- ---------
Total income taxes.............................................................. 5,215 3,708 3,726
--------- --------- ---------
NET INCOME...................................................................... $ 15,402 $ 11,888 $ 10,630
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
B-4
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1995 1994 1993
--------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Common stock:
Balance at beginning of period................................................... $ 15,000 $ 15,000 $ 15,000
--------- --------- ---------
Balance at end of period....................................................... 15,000 15,000 15,000
--------- --------- ---------
Additional paid-in capital:
Balance at beginning of period................................................... 146,808 146,808 146,808
Paid-in capital.................................................................. 59,000 -- --
--------- --------- ---------
Balance at end of period....................................................... 205,808 146,808 146,808
--------- --------- ---------
Unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments,
net of tax:
Balance at beginning of period................................................... (5,499) 3,600 --
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments............................ 8,785 (9,099) 3,600
--------- --------- ---------
Balance at end of period....................................................... 3,286 (5,499) 3,600
--------- --------- ---------
Retained earnings:
Balance at beginning of period................................................... 26,570 14,682 4,052
Net income....................................................................... 15,402 11,888 10,630
--------- --------- ---------
Balance at end of period....................................................... 41,972 26,570 14,682
--------- --------- ---------
Total stockholder's equity..................................................... $ 266,066 $ 182,879 $ 180,090
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
B-5
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1995 1994 1993
--------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income..................................................................... $ 15,402 $ 11,888 $ 10,630
--------- --------- ---------
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided (used) by operating
activities:
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses................................ 1,357 1,429 902
Unearned premiums.............................................................. 19,862 15,843 4,024
Deferred acquisition costs..................................................... (10,302) (9,611) (9,815)
Premiums receivable............................................................ (161) (2,103) (432)
Accrued investment income...................................................... (390) (848) (110)
Income taxes payable........................................................... 3,621 2,611 2,872
Net realized capital gains..................................................... (1,301) (92) (1,544)
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses.................................... 472 3,726 1,079
Prepaid reinsurance............................................................ (7,620) (5,352) (199)
Other, net..................................................................... 992 689 1,201
--------- --------- ---------
Total adjustments............................................................ 6,530 6,292 (2,022)
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash provided by operating activities.................................... 21,932 18,180 8,608
--------- --------- ---------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investments....................................................... (158,830) (77,980) (139,061)
Proceeds from sales of investments............................................. 49,354 39,967 24,395
Proceeds from maturities of investments........................................ 28,803 19,665 106,042
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash used in investing activities........................................ (80,673) (18,348) (8,624)
--------- --------- ---------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Capital contribution........................................................... 59,000 -- --
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash provided by financing activities.................................... 59,000 -- --
--------- --------- ---------
Net increase (decrease) in cash................................................ 259 (168) (16)
Cash balance at beginning of period............................................ 85 253 269
--------- --------- ---------
Cash balance at end of period................................................ $ 344 $ 85 $ 253
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid.............................................................. $ 1,450 $ 1,063 $ 833
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
B-6
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1995 AND 1994
1) BACKGROUND
Capital Markets Assurance Corporation ("CapMAC" or "the Company") is a New
York-domiciled monoline stock insurance company which engages only in the
business of financial guaranty and surety insurance. CapMAC is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of CapMAC Holdings Inc. ("Holdings"). CapMAC is licensed in all 50
states in addition to the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
and the territory of Guam. CapMAC insures structured asset-backed, corporate,
municipal and other financial obligations in the U.S. and international capital
markets. CapMAC also provides financial guaranty reinsurance for structured
asset-backed, corporate, municipal and other financial obligations written by
other major insurance companies.
CapMAC's claims-paying ability is rated "Aaa" by Moody's Investors Service,
Inc. ("Moody's"), "AAA" by S&P Ratings Group ("S&P"), "AAA" by Duff & Phelps
Credit Rating Co. ("Duff & Phelps"), and "AAA" by Nippon Investors Service,
Inc., a Japanese rating agency. Such ratings reflect only the views of the
respective rating agencies, are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold
securities and are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by such rating
agencies.
2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the accompanying
financial statements are as follows:
A) BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying financial statements are prepared on the basis of
generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Such accounting
principles differ from statutory reporting practices used by insurance
companies in reporting to state regulatory authorities.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reporting period. Management believes the most significant
estimates relate to deferred acquisition costs, reserve for losses and loss
adjustment expenses and disclosures of financial guarantees outstanding.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
B) INVESTMENTS
At December 31, 1993, the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 115, "ACCOUNTING FOR CERTAIN
INVESTMENTS IN DEBT AND EQUITY SECURITIES." Under SFAS No. 115, the Company
can classify its debt and marketable equity securities in one of three
categories: trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity. Trading
securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them
in the near term. Held-to-maturity securities are those securities in which
the Company has the ability and intent to hold the securities until
maturity. All other securities not included in trading or held-to-maturity
are classified as available-for-sale. As of December 31, 1995 and 1994, all
of the Company's securities have been classified as available-for-sale.
Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. Fair value is
based upon quoted market prices. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of
the related tax effect, on available-for-sale securities are excluded from
earnings and are reported as a separate component of stockholder's equity
until realized. Transfers of securities between categories are recorded at
fair value at the date of transfer.
B-7
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
A decline in the fair value of any available-for-sale security below
cost that is deemed other than temporary is charged to earnings resulting in
the establishment of a new cost basis for the security.
Short-term investments are those investments having a maturity of less
than one year at purchase date. Short-term investments are carried at
amortized cost which approximates fair value.
Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the
related security as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest
method. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized
gains and losses are included in earnings and are derived using the FIFO
(first-in, first-out) method for determining the cost of securities sold.
C) REVENUE RECOGNITION
Premiums which are payable monthly to CapMAC are reflected in income
when due, net of amounts payable to reinsurers. Premiums which are payable
quarterly, semi-annually or annually are reflected in income, net of amounts
payable to reinsurers, on an equal monthly basis over the corresponding
policy term. Premiums that are collected as a single premium at the
inception of the policy and have a term longer than one year are earned, net
of amounts payable to reinsurers, by allocating premium to each bond
maturity based on the principal amount and earning it straight-line over the
term of each bond maturity. For the year ended December 31, 1995, 91% of net
premiums earned were attributable to premiums payable in installments and 9%
were attributable to premiums collected on an upfront basis.
D) DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS
Certain costs incurred by CapMAC, which vary with and are primarily
related to the production of new business, are deferred. These costs include
direct and indirect expenses related to underwriting, marketing and policy
issuance, rating agency fees and premium taxes. The deferred acquisition
costs are amortized over the period in proportion to the related premium
earnings. The actual amount of premium earnings may differ from projections
due to various factors such as renewal or early termination of insurance
contracts or different run-off patterns of exposure resulting in a
corresponding change in the amortization pattern of the deferred acquisition
costs.
E) RESERVE FOR LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
The reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses consists of a
Supplemental Loss Reserve ("SLR") and a case basis loss reserve. The SLR is
established based on expected levels of defaults resulting from credit
failures on currently insured issues. This SLR is based on estimates of the
portion of earned premiums required to cover those claims.
A case basis loss reserve is established for insured obligations when,
in the judgement of management, a default in the timely payment of debt
service is imminent. For defaults considered temporary, a case basis loss
reserve is established in an amount equal to the present value of the
anticipated defaulted debt service payments over the expected period of
default. If the default is judged not to be temporary, the present value of
all remaining defaulted debt service payments is recorded as a case basis
loss reserve. Anticipated salvage recoveries are considered in establishing
case basis loss reserves when such amounts are reasonably estimable.
Management believes that the current level of reserves is adequate to
cover the estimated liability for claims and the related adjustment expenses
with respect to financial guaranties issued by
B-8
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
CapMAC. The establishment of the appropriate level of loss reserves is an
inherently uncertain process involving numerous estimates and subjective
judgments by management, and therefore there can be no assurance that losses
in CapMAC's insured portfolio will not exceed the loss reserves.
F) DEPRECIATION
Leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures are being depreciated
over the lease term or useful life, whichever is shorter, using the
straight-line method.
G) INCOME TAXES
Deferred income taxes are provided with respect to temporary differences
between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities
using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are
expected to reverse.
H) RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the
current year presentation.
3) INSURED PORTFOLIO
At December 31, 1995 and 1994, the principal amount of financial obligations
insured by CapMAC was $16.9 billion and $11.6 billion, respectively, and net of
reinsurance (net principal outstanding), was $12.6 billion and $9.4 billion,
respectively, with a weighted average life of 6.0 years and 5.0 years,
respectively. CapMAC's insured portfolio was broadly diversified by geographic
distribution and type of insured obligations, with no single insured obligation
in excess of statutory single risk limits, after giving effect to any
reinsurance and collateral, which are a function of CapMAC's statutory qualified
capital (the sum of statutory capital and surplus and mandatory contingency
reserve). At December 31, 1995 and 1994, the statutory qualified capital was
approximately $240 million and $170 million, respectively.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NET PRINCIPAL OUTSTANDING
------------------------------------------
DECEMBER 31, 1995 DECEMBER 31, 1994
-------------------- --------------------
TYPE OF OBLIGATIONS INSURED ($ IN MILLIONS) AMOUNT % AMOUNT %
- ----------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Consumer receivables................................. $ 6,959 55.1 $ 4,740 50.4
Trade and other corporate obligations................ 4,912 38.9 4,039 43.0
Municipal/government obligations..................... 757 6.0 618 6.6
--------- --------- --------- ---------
Total............................................ $ 12,628 100.0 $ 9,397 100.0
--------- --------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1995, approximately 85% of CapMAC's insured portfolio was
comprised of structured asset-backed transactions. Under these structures, a
pool of assets covering at least 100% of the principal amount guaranteed under
its insurance contract is sold or pledged to a special purpose bankruptcy remote
entity. CapMAC's primary risk from such insurance contracts is the impairment of
cash flows due to delinquency or loss on the underlying assets. CapMAC,
therefore, evaluates all the factors affecting past and future asset performance
by studying historical data on losses, delinquencies and recoveries of the
underlying assets. Each transaction is reviewed to ensure that an appropriate
legal structure is used to protect against the bankruptcy risk of the originator
of the assets. Along with the legal structure, an additional level of first loss
protection is also created to protect against losses due to credit or dilution.
This first level of loss protection is usually available from reserve funds,
excess cash flows, overcollateralization, or recourse to a third party. The
level of first loss protection depends upon the historical losses and dilution
of the underlying assets, but is typically several times the normal historical
loss experience for the underlying type of assets.
B-9
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
3) INSURED PORTFOLIO (CONTINUED)
During 1995, the Company sold without recourse its interest in potential
cash flows from transactions included in its insured portfolio and recognized
$2,200,000 of income which has been included in other income in the accompanying
financial statements.
The following entities each accounted for, through referrals and otherwise,
10% or more of total revenues for each of the periods presented:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED YEAR ENDED YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 1995 DECEMBER 31, 1994 DECEMBER 31, 1993
- ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
% OF % OF % OF
NAME REVENUES NAME REVENUES NAME REVENUES
- ------------------------ ----------- ------------------------ ----------- ------------------------ -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Citicorp................ 15.2 Citicorp................ 16.3 Citicorp................ 13.7
Merrill Lynch & Co...... 14.1
</TABLE>
4) INVESTMENTS
At December 31, 1995 and 1994, all of the Company's investments were
classified as available-for-sale securities. The amortized cost, gross
unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value for
available-for-sale securities by major security type at December 31, 1995 and
1994 were as follows ($ in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31, 1995
------------------------------------------------
GROSS GROSS ESTIMATED
AMORTIZED UNREALIZED UNREALIZED FAIR
SECURITIES AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE COST GAINS LOSSES VALUE
- ------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. Treasury obligations.............................. $ 4,153 $ 55 $ -- $ 4,208
Mortgage-backed securities of U.S. government
instrumentalities and agencies........................ 100,628 313 79 100,862
Obligations of states, municipalities and political
subdivisions.......................................... 166,010 4,809 82 170,737
Corporate and asset-backed securities.................. 8,506 45 6 8,545
---------- ----------- ----------- ----------
Total.............................................. $ 279,297 $ 5,222 $ 167 $ 284,352
---------- ----------- ----------- ----------
---------- ----------- ----------- ----------
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31, 1994
------------------------------------------------
GROSS GROSS ESTIMATED
AMORTIZED UNREALIZED UNREALIZED FAIR
SECURITIES AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE COST GAINS LOSSES VALUE
- ------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
U.S. Treasury obligations.............................. $ 4,295 $ -- $ 153 $ 4,142
Mortgage-backed securities of U.S. government
instrumentalities and agencies........................ 40,973 -- 2,986 37,987
Obligations of states, municipalities and political
subdivisions.......................................... 128,856 364 3,994 125,226
Corporate and asset-backed securities.................. 6,841 15 112 6,744
Mutual funds........................................... 16,434 -- 1,465 14,969
---------- ----------- ----------- ----------
Total.............................................. $ 197,399 $ 379 $ 8,710 $ 189,068
---------- ----------- ----------- ----------
---------- ----------- ----------- ----------
</TABLE>
The Company's investment in mutual funds in 1994 represents an investment in
an open-end management investment company which invests primarily in
investment-grade fixed-income securities denominated in foreign and United
States currencies.
B-10
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
4) INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments in debt
securities at December 31, 1995 by contractual maturity are shown below ($ in
thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31, 1995
----------------------
AMORTIZED ESTIMATED
SECURITIES AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE COST FAIR VALUE
- ------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Less than one year to maturity..................................... $ 5,569 $ 5,572
One to five years to maturity...................................... 37,630 38,553
Five to ten years to maturity...................................... 99,567 102,264
Greater than ten years to maturity................................. 35,903 37,101
---------- ----------
Sub-total...................................................... 178,669 183,490
Mortgage-backed securities......................................... 100,628 100,862
---------- ----------
Total.......................................................... $ 279,297 $ 284,352
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
</TABLE>
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers
may call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Proceeds from sales of investment securities were approximately $49 million,
$40 million and $24 million in 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively. Gross realized
capital gains of $1,320,000, $714,000 and $1,621,000, and gross realized capital
losses of $19,000, $622,000 and $77,000 were realized on those sales for the
years ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively.
Investments include bonds having a fair value of approximately $3,985,000
and $3,873,000 (amortized cost of $3,970,000 and $4,011,000) which are on
deposit at December 31, 1995 and 1994, respectively, with state regulators as
required by law.
Investment income is comprised of interest and dividends, net of related
expenses, and is applicable to the following sources:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
$ IN THOUSANDS 1995 1994 1993
- ----------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Bonds...................................................... $ 11,105 $ 9,193 $ 7,803
Short-term investments..................................... 1,245 484 572
Mutual funds............................................... (162) 579 1,801
Investment expenses........................................ (235) (184) (166)
--------- --------- ---------
Total.................................................. $ 11,953 $ 10,072 $ 10,010
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
The change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on available-for-sale
securities is included in a separate component of stockholder's equity as shown
below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31,
---------------------
$ IN THOUSANDS 1995 1994
- -------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Balance at beginning of period...................................... $ (5,499) $ 3,600
Change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation).................... 13,386 (13,786)
Income tax effect................................................... (4,601) 4,687
--------- ----------
Net change.......................................................... 8,785 (9,099)
--------- ----------
Balance at end of period........................................ $ 3,286 $ (5,499)
--------- ----------
--------- ----------
</TABLE>
B-11
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
4) INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
No single issuer, except for investments in U.S. Treasury and U.S.
government agency securities, exceeds 10% of stockholder's equity as of December
31, 1995.
5) DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS
The following table reflects acquisition costs deferred by CapMAC and
amortized in proportion to the related premium earnings:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
$ IN THOUSANDS 1995 1994 1993
- ----------------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at beginning of period............................. $ 24,860 $ 15,249 $ 5,434
Additions.................................................. 17,505 14,140 12,478
Amortization (policy acquisition costs).................... (7,203) (4,529) (2,663)
--------- --------- ---------
Balance at end of period............................... $ 35,162 $ 24,860 $ 15,249
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
6) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
On June 25, 1992, CapMAC entered into a Service Agreement with CapMAC
Financial Services, Inc. ("CFS"), which was then a newly formed wholly-owned
subsidiary of Holdings. Under the Service Agreement, CFS has agreed to provide
various services, including underwriting, reinsurance, data processing and other
services to CapMAC in connection with the operation of CapMAC's insurance
business. CapMAC pays CFS an arm's length fee for providing such services, but
not in excess of CFS's cost for such services. CFS incurred, on behalf of
CapMAC, total compensation expenses, excluding bonuses, of $13,484,000,
$11,081,000 and $9,789,000 in 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively.
CFS maintains an incentive compensation plan for its employees. The plan is
an annual discretionary bonus award based upon Holdings' and an individual's
performance. CFS also has a health and welfare plan and a 401(k) plan to cover
substantially all of its employees. CapMAC reimburses CFS for all out-of-pocket
expenses incurred by CFS in providing services to CapMAC, including awards given
under the incentive compensation plan and benefits provided under the health and
welfare plan. For the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993, the Company
had provided approximately $7,804,000, $5,253,000 and $3,528,000, respectively,
for the annual discretionary bonus plan.
On June 25, 1992, certain officers of CapMAC were granted 182,633 restricted
stock units ("RSU") at $13.33 a share in respect of certain deferred
compensation. On December 7, 1995, the RSU's were converted to cash in the
amount of approximately $3.7 million, and such officers agreed to defer receipt
of such cash amount in exchange for receiving the same number of new shares of
restricted stock of Holdings as the number of RSU's such officers previously
held. The cash amount will be held by Holdings and invested in accordance with
certain guidelines. Such amount, including the investment earnings thereon, will
be paid to each officer upon the occurrence of certain events but no later than
December, 2000.
7) EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN
On June 25, 1992, Holdings adopted an Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP")
to provide its employees the opportunity to obtain beneficial interests in the
stock of Holdings through a trust (the "ESOP Trust"). The ESOP Trust purchased
750,000 shares at $13.33 per share of Holdings' stock. The ESOP Trust financed
its purchase of common stock with a loan from Holdings in the amount of $10
million. The ESOP loan is evidenced by a promissory note delivered to Holdings.
An amount representing unearned employee compensation, equivalent in value to
the unpaid balance of the ESOP loan, is recorded as a deduction from
stockholder's equity (unallocated ESOP shares).
B-12
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
7) EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN (CONTINUED)
CFS is required to make contributions to the ESOP Trust, which enables the
ESOP Trust to service its loan to Holdings. The ESOP expense is calculated using
the shares allocated method. Shares are released for allocation to the
participants and held in trust for the employees based upon the ratio of the
current year's principal and interest payment to the sum of principal and
interest payments estimated over the life of the loan. As of December 31, 1995
approximately 262,800 shares were allocated to the participants. Compensation
expense related to the ESOP was approximately $2,087,000, $2,086,000 and
$1,652,000 for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively.
8) RESERVE FOR LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES
The reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses consists of a case basis
loss reserve and the SLR.
In 1995 CapMAC incurred its first claim on a financial guaranty policy.
Based on its current estimate, the Company expects the aggregate amount of
claims and related expenses not to exceed $2.7 million, although no assurance
can be given that such claims and related expenses will not exceed that amount.
Such loss amount was covered through a recovery under a quota share reinsurance
agreement of $0.2 million and a reduction in the SLR of $2.5 million. The
portion of such claims and expenses not covered under the quota share agreement
is being funded through payments to CapMAC from the Lureco Trust Account (see
note 12).
The following is a summary of the activity in the case basis loss reserve
account and the components of the liability for losses and loss adjustment
expenses ($ in thousands):
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Case Basis Loss Reserve:
Net balance at January 1, 1995....................... $ --
---------
Incurred related to:
Current year......................................... 2,473
Prior years.......................................... --
---------
Total incurred..................................... 2,473
---------
Paid incurred to:
Current year......................................... 1,853
Prior years.......................................... --
---------
Total paid......................................... 1,853
---------
Balance at December 31, 1995........................... 620
---------
Reinsurance recoverable................................ 69
---------
Supplemental loss reserve.............................. 5,859
---------
Total.............................................. $ 6,548
---------
---------
</TABLE>
9) INCOME TAXES
Pursuant to a tax sharing agreement with Holdings, the Company is included
in Holdings' consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return. The Company's annual
Federal income tax liability is determined by computing its pro rata share of
the consolidated group Federal income tax liability.
B-13
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
9) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
Total income tax expense differed from the amount computed by applying the
U.S. Federal income tax rate of 35% in 1995 and 34% in 1994 and 1993:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1994 1993
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
$ IN THOUSANDS AMOUNT % AMOUNT % AMOUNT %
- ------------------------------------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Expected tax expense computed at the statutory
rate............................................ $ 7,216 35.0 $ 5,303 34.0 $ 4,881 34.0
Increase (decrease) in tax resulting from:
Tax-exempt interest............................ (2,335) (11.3) (1,646) (10.6) (1,140) (7.9)
Other, net..................................... 334 1.6 51 0.4 (15) (0.1)
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---
Total income tax expense..................... $ 5,215 25.3 $ 3,708 23.8 $ 3,726 26.0
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---
</TABLE>
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant
portions of the deferred Federal income tax liability are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
$ IN THOUSANDS 1995 1994
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets:
Unrealized capital losses on investments........................................ $ -- $ (2,833)
Deferred compensation........................................................... (1,901) (1,233)
Losses and loss adjustment expenses............................................. (1,002) (936)
Unearned premiums............................................................... (852) (762)
Other, net...................................................................... (98) (228)
--------- ---------
Total gross deferred tax assets............................................... (3,853) (5,992)
--------- ---------
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred acquisition costs...................................................... 12,307 8,453
Unrealized capital gains on investments......................................... 1,769 --
Deferred capital gains on investments........................................... 654 726
Other, net...................................................................... 426 412
--------- ---------
Total gross deferred tax liabilities.......................................... 15,156 9,591
--------- ---------
Net deferred tax liability.................................................... $ 11,303 $ 3,599
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some
portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Management believes
that the deferred tax assets will be fully realized in the future.
10) INSURANCE REGULATORY RESTRICTIONS
CapMAC is subject to insurance regulatory requirements of the State of New
York and other states in which it is licensed to conduct business. Generally,
New York insurance laws require that dividends be paid from earned surplus and
restrict the amount of dividends in any year that may be paid without obtaining
approval for such dividends from the Superintendent of Insurance to the lower of
(i) net investment income as defined or (ii) 10% of statutory surplus as of
December 31 of the preceding year. No dividends were paid by CapMAC to Holdings
during the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993. No dividends could be
paid during these periods because CapMAC had negative earned surplus. Statutory
surplus at December 31, 1995 and 1994 was approximately $195,018,000 and
$139,739,000, respectively. Statutory surplus differs from
B-14
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
10) INSURANCE REGULATORY RESTRICTIONS (CONTINUED)
stockholder's equity determined under GAAP principally due to the mandatory
contingency reserve required for statutory accounting purposes and differences
in accounting for investments, deferred acquisition costs, SLR and deferred
taxes provided under GAAP. Statutory net income was $9,000,000, $4,543,000 and
$4,528,000 for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively.
Statutory net income differs from net income determined under GAAP principally
due to deferred acquisition costs, SLR and deferred income taxes.
11) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
On January 1, 1988, the Company assumed from Citibank, N.A. the obligations
of a sublease agreement for space occupied in New York. On November 21, 1993,
the sublease was terminated and a new lease was negotiated which expires on
November 20, 2008. CapMAC has a lease agreement for its London office beginning
October 1, 1992 and expiring October 1, 2002. As of December 31, 1995, future
minimum payments under the lease agreements are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
$ IN THOUSANDS PAYMENT
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------
<S> <C>
1996............................................................................ $ 2,255
1997............................................................................ 2,948
1998............................................................................ 3,027
1999............................................................................ 3,476
2000 and thereafter............................................................. 36,172
---------
Total....................................................................... $ 47,878
---------
---------
</TABLE>
Rent expense, commercial rent taxes and electricity for the years ended
December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993 amounted to $1,939,000, $2,243,000 and
$2,065,000, respectively.
CapMAC has available a $100,000,000 standby corporate liquidity facility
(the "Liquidity Facility") provided by a consortium of banks, headed by Bank of
Montreal, as agent, which is rated "A-1+" and "P-1" by S&P and Moody's,
respectively. Under the Liquidity Facility, CapMAC will be able, subject to
satisfying certain conditions, to borrow funds from time to time in order to
enable it to fund any claim payments or payments made in settlement or
mitigation of claim payments under its insurance contracts. For the years ended
December 31, 1995, 1994 and 1993, no draws had been made under the Liquidity
Facility.
12) REINSURANCE
In the ordinary course of business, CapMAC cedes exposure under various
treaty, pro rata and excess of loss reinsurance contracts primarily designed to
minimize losses from large risks and protect the capital and surplus of CapMAC.
The effect of reinsurance on premiums written and earned was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1994 1993
--------------------- --------------------- --------------------
$ IN THOUSANDS WRITTEN EARNED WRITTEN EARNED WRITTEN EARNED
- ------------------------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Direct................... $ 56,541 $ 36,853 $ 43,598 $ 28,561 $ 24,491 $ 20,510
Assumed.................. 935 761 1,064 258 403 364
Ceded.................... (15,992) (8,372) (11,069) (5,716) (3,586) (3,391)
---------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------
Net Premiums............. $ 41,484 $ 29,242 $ 33,593 $ 23,103 $ 21,308 $ 17,483
---------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------
---------- --------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
B-15
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
12) REINSURANCE (CONTINUED)
Although the reinsurance of risk does not relieve the ceding insurer of its
original liability to its policyholders, it is the industry practice of insurers
for financial statement purposes to treat reinsured risks as though they were
risks for which the ceding insurer was only contingently liable. A contingent
liability exists with respect to the aforementioned reinsurance arrangements
which may become a liability of CapMAC in the event the reinsurers are unable to
meet obligations assumed by them under the reinsurance contracts. At December
31, 1995 and 1994, CapMAC had ceded loss reserves of $69,000 and $0,
respectively and had ceded unearned premiums of $13,171,000 and $5,551,000,
respectively.
In 1994, CapMAC entered into a reinsurance agreement (the "Lureco Treaty")
with Luxembourg European Reinsurance LURECO S.A. ("Lureco"), a European-based
reinsurer. The agreement is renewable annually at the Company's option, subject
to satisfying certain conditions. The agreement reinsured and indemnified the
Company for any loss incurred by CapMAC during the agreement period up to the
limits of the agreement. The Lureco Treaty provides that the annual reinsurance
premium payable by CapMAC to Lureco, after deduction of the reinsurer's fee
payable to Lureco, be deposited in a trust account (the "Lureco Trust Account")
to be applied by CapMAC, at its option, to offset losses and loss expenses
incurred by CapMAC in connection with incurred claims. Amounts on deposit in the
Lureco Trust Account which have not been applied against claims are
contractually due to CapMAC at the termination of the treaty.
The premium deposit amounts in the Lureco Trust Account have been reflected
as assets by CapMAC during the term of the agreement. Premiums in excess of the
deposit amounts have been recorded as ceded premiums in the statements of
income. In the 1994 policy year, the agreement provided $5 million of loss
coverage in excess of the premium deposit amounts of $2 million retained in the
Lureco Trust Account. No losses were applied against the Lureco Trust Account or
ceded to the Lureco Treaty in 1994. The agreement was renewed for the 1995
policy year and provides $5 million of loss coverage in excess of the premium
deposit amount of $4.5 million retained in the Lureco Trust Account. Additional
coverage is provided for losses incurred in excess of 200% of the net premiums
earned up to $4 million for any one agreement year. In September 1995, a claim
of approximately $2.5 million on an insurance policy was applied against the
Lureco Trust Account.
In addition to its capital (including statutory contingency reserves) and
other reinsurance available to pay claims under its insurance contracts, on June
25, 1992, CapMAC entered into a Stop Loss Reinsurance Agreement (the "Stop-loss
Agreement") with Winterthur Swiss Insurance Company ("Winterthur") which is
rated "AAA" by S&P and "Aaa" by Moody's. At the same time, CapMAC and Winterthur
also entered into a Quota Share Reinsurance Agreement (the "Winterthur Quota
Share Agreement") pursuant to which Winterthur had the right to reinsure on a
quota share basis 10% of each policy written by CapMAC.
The Winterthur Stop-loss Agreement had an original term of seven years and
was renewable for successive one-year periods. In April 1995, Winterthur
notified CapMAC that it was canceling the Winterthur Stop-loss Agreement and the
Winterthur Quota Share Agreement effective June 30, 1996.
CapMAC elected to terminate the Winterthur Stop-loss Agreement effective
November 30, 1995 and, on the same date, entered into a Stop-loss Reinsurance
Agreement with Mitsui Marine (the "Mitsui Stop-loss Agreement"). Under the
Mitsui Stop-loss Agreement, Mitsui Marine would be required to pay any losses in
excess of $100 million in the aggregate incurred by CapMAC during the term of
the Mitsui Stop-loss Agreement on the insurance policies in effect on December
1, 1995 and written during the one-year period thereafter, up to an aggregate
limit payable under the Mitsui Stop-loss Agreement of $50 million. The Mitsui
Stop-loss Agreement has a term of seven years and is subject to early
termination by CapMAC in certain circumstances.
B-16
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
12) REINSURANCE (CONTINUED)
The Winterthur Quota Share Agreement was canceled November 30, 1995. On
January 1, 1996, CapMAC will reassume the liability, principally unearned
premium, for all policies reinsured by Winterthur. As a result, CapMAC will
reassume approximately $1.4 billion of principal insured by Winterthur as of
December 31, 1995. In connection with the commutation, Winterthur will return
the unearned premiums as of December 31, 1995, net of ceding commission and
federal excise tax. Such amount is expected to total approximately $2.0 million.
13) DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values
of the Company's financial instruments at December 31, 1995 and 1994. SFAS No.
107, "Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial Instruments," defines the fair
value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be
exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------
1995 1994
---------------------- ----------------------
CARRYING ESTIMATED CARRYING ESTIMATED
$ IN THOUSANDS AMOUNT FAIR VALUE AMOUNT FAIR VALUE
- ----------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Financial Assets:
Investments........................................ $ 284,352 $ 284,352 $ 189,068 $ 189,068
Off-Balance-Sheet Instruments:
Financial Guarantees Outstanding................... $ -- 147,840 $ -- 93,494
Ceding Commission.................................. $ -- $ 44,352 $ -- $ 28,048
</TABLE>
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value
of each class of financial instruments summarized above:
INVESTMENTS
The fair values of fixed maturities and mutual funds are based upon quoted
market prices. The fair value of short-term investments approximates amortized
cost.
FINANCIAL GUARANTEES OUTSTANDING
The fair value of financial guarantees outstanding consists of (1) the
current unearned premium reserve, net of prepaid reinsurance and (2) the fair
value of installment revenue which is derived by calculating the present value
of the estimated future cash inflow to CapMAC of policies in force having
installment premiums, net of amounts payable to reinsurers, at a discount rate
of 7% at December 31, 1995 and 1994. The amount calculated is equivalent to the
consideration that would be paid under market conditions prevailing at the
reporting dates to transfer CapMAC's financial guarantee business to a third
party under reinsurance and other agreements. Ceding commission represents the
expected amount that would be paid to CapMAC to compensate CapMAC for
originating and servicing the insurance contracts. In constructing estimated
future cash inflows, management makes assumptions regarding prepayments for
amortizing asset-backed securities which are consistent with relevant historical
experience. For revolving programs, assumptions are made regarding program
utilization based on discussions with program users. The amount of installment
premium actually realized by the Company could be reduced in the future due to
factors such as early termination of insurance contracts, accelerated
prepayments of underlying obligations or lower than anticipated utilization of
insured structured programs, such as commercial paper conduits. Although
increases in future installment revenue due to renewals of existing insurance
contracts historically have been greater than reductions in future installment
revenue due to factors such as those described above, there can be no assurance
that future circumstances might not cause a net reduction in installment
revenue, resulting in lower revenues.
B-17
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED)
14) CAPITALIZATION
The Company's certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of
15,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $1.00 per share. Authorized, issued
and outstanding shares at December 31, 1995 and 1994 were 15,000,000 at $1.00
per share.
In 1995, $59.0 million of the proceeds received by Holdings from the sale of
shares in connection with an Initial Public Offering and private placements were
contributed to CapMAC.
B-18
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 1996
(UNAUDITED)
C-1
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
BALANCE SHEETS
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
1995
MARCH 31, ------------
1996
-----------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C>
Investments:
Bonds at fair value (amortized cost $258,874 at March 31, 1996 and $210,651 at
December 31, 1995)................................................................. $ 259,226 $ 215,706
Short-term investments (at amortized cost which approximates fair value)............ 28,636 68,646
----------- ------------
Total investments................................................................. 287,862 284,352
Cash.................................................................................. 389 344
Accrued investment income............................................................. 3,356 3,136
Deferred acquisition costs............................................................ 37,559 35,162
Premiums receivable................................................................... 3,463 3,540
Prepaid reinsurance................................................................... 13,379 13,171
Other assets.......................................................................... 3,477 3,428
----------- ------------
Total assets...................................................................... $ 349,485 $ 343,133
----------- ------------
----------- ------------
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Liabilities:
Unearned premiums................................................................... $ 50,266 $ 45,767
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses..................................... 7,261 6,548
Ceded reinsurance................................................................... 2,773 2,469
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses......................................... 7,288 10,844
Current income taxes................................................................ 260 136
Deferred income taxes............................................................... 11,657 11,303
----------- ------------
Total liabilities................................................................. 79,505 77,067
Stockholder's Equity:
Common stock........................................................................ 15,000 15,000
Additional paid-in capital.......................................................... 208,475 205,808
Unrealized appreciation on investments, net of tax.................................. 229 3,286
Retained earnings................................................................... 46,276 41,972
----------- ------------
Total stockholder's equity........................................................ 269,980 266,066
----------- ------------
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity........................................ $ 349,485 $ 343,133
----------- ------------
----------- ------------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
C-2
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
THREE MONTHS ENDED
MARCH 31,
----------------------
1996 1995
---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Direct premiums written................................................................. $ 14,155 $ 16,838
Assumed premiums written................................................................ 874 154
Ceded premiums written.................................................................. (1,910) (3,093)
---------- ----------
Net premiums written.................................................................. 13,119 13,899
Increase in unearned premiums........................................................... (4,291) (6,798)
---------- ----------
Net premiums earned..................................................................... 8,828 7,101
Net investment income................................................................... 3,877 2,637
Net realized capital gains.............................................................. 149 65
Other income............................................................................ 54 12
---------- ----------
Total revenues........................................................................ 12,908 9,815
---------- ----------
Expenses:
Losses and loss adjustment expenses..................................................... 1,075 696
Underwriting and operating expenses..................................................... 3,978 3,738
Policy acquisition costs................................................................ 2,064 1,725
---------- ----------
Total expenses........................................................................ 7,117 6,159
---------- ----------
Income before income taxes............................................................ 5,791 3,656
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
Income Taxes:
Current federal income tax.............................................................. 664 320
Deferred federal income tax............................................................. 823 519
---------- ----------
Total income taxes.................................................................... 1,487 839
---------- ----------
NET INCOME............................................................................ $ 4,304 $ 2,817
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
C-3
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
THREE MONTHS ENDED
MARCH 31, 1996
-------------------
<S> <C>
Common stock:
Balance at beginning of period............................................................. $ 15,000
--------
Balance at end of period................................................................. 15,000
--------
Additional paid-in capital:
Balance at beginning of period............................................................. 205,808
Capital contribution....................................................................... 2,667
--------
Balance at end of period................................................................. 208,475
--------
Unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments,
net of tax:
Balance at beginning of period............................................................. 3,286
Unrealized depreciation on investments..................................................... (3,057)
--------
Balance at end of period................................................................. 229
--------
Retained earnings:
Balance at beginning of period............................................................. 41,972
Net income................................................................................. 4,304
--------
Balance at end of period................................................................. 46,276
--------
Total stockholder's equity............................................................... $ 269,980
--------
--------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
C-4
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
THREE MONTHS ENDED THREE MONTHS ENDED
MARCH 31, 1996 MARCH 31, 1995
------------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income........................................................... $ 4,304 $ 2,817
-------- --------
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided (used) by
operating activities:
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses...................... 713 696
Unearned premiums.................................................... 4,499 8,075
Deferred acquisition costs........................................... (2,397) (2,662)
Premiums receivable.................................................. 77 (3,241)
Accrued investment income............................................ (220) 400
Income taxes payable................................................. 947 839
Net realized capital gains........................................... (149) (65)
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses.......................... 287 4,364
Prepaid reinsurance.................................................. (208) (1,277)
Other, net........................................................... 89 1,355
-------- --------
Total adjustments.................................................. 3,638 8,484
-------- --------
Net cash provided by operating activities.......................... 7,942 11,301
-------- --------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investments............................................. (87,335) (18,235)
Proceeds from sale of investments.................................... 6,158 4,072
Proceeds from maturities of investments.............................. 73,280 3,391
-------- --------
Net cash used in investing activities.............................. (7,897) (10,772)
-------- --------
Net increase in cash................................................. 45 529
Cash balance at beginning of period.................................. 344 85
-------- --------
Cash balance at end of period...................................... $ 389 $ 614
-------- --------
-------- --------
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Income taxes paid $ 525 --
-------- --------
-------- --------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
C-5
<PAGE>
CAPITAL MARKETS ASSURANCE CORPORATION
NOTES TO UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 1996
1. BACKGROUND
Capital Markets Assurance Corporation ("CapMAC" or "the Company") is a New
York-domiciled monoline stock insurance company which engages only in the
business of financial guaranty and surety insurance. CapMAC is a wholly-owned
subsidiary of CapMAC Holdings Inc. ("Holdings"). CapMAC is licensed in all 50
states in addition to the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
and the territory of Guam. CapMAC insures structured asset-backed, corporate,
municipal and other financial obligations in the U.S. and international capital
markets. CapMAC also provides financial guaranty reinsurance for structured
asset-backed, corporate, municipal and other financial obligations written by
other major insurance companies.
CapMAC's claims-paying ability is rated triple-A by Moody's Investors
Service, Inc., Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, Duff & Phelps Credit Rating
Co., and Nippon Investors Service, Inc., a Japanese rating agency. Such ratings
reflect only the views of the respective rating agencies, are not
recommendations to buy, sell or hold securities and are subject to revision or
withdrawal at any time by such rating agencies.
2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The Company's unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on
the basis of generally accepted accounting principles and, in the opinion of
management, reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of
CapMAC's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the
periods presented. The results of operations for the three months ended March
31, 1996 may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the full
year ending December 31, 1996. These financial statements and notes should be
read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the
audited financial statements of CapMAC as of December 31, 1995 and 1994, and for
each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1995.
3. RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain prior period balances have been reclassified to conform to the
current period presentation.
C-6
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS
ASSET-BACKED CERTIFICATES
ASSET-BACKED NOTES
(ISSUABLE IN SERIES)
BEAR STEARNS ASSET BACKED SECURITIES, INC.
(DEPOSITOR)
Bear Stearns Asset Backed Securities, Inc. (the "Depositor") may offer from
time to time under this Prospectus and related Prospectus Supplements the
Asset-Backed Notes (the "Notes") and the Asset-Backed Certificates (the
"Certificates" and, together with the Notes, the "Securities") which may be sold
from time to time in one or more series (each, a "Series").
As specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Certificates of a
Series will evidence undivided interests in certain assets deposited into a
trust (each, a "Trust Fund") by the Depositor pursuant to a Pooling and Service
Agreement or a Trust Agreement, as described herein. As specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Notes of a Series will be issued and secured pursuant
to an Indenture and will represent indebtedness of the related Trust Fund. The
Trust Fund for a Series of Securities will include assets purchased from the
seller or sellers specified in the related Prospectus Supplement (the "Seller")
composed of (a) Primary Assets, which may include one or more pools of (i)
closed-end home equity loans (the "Mortgage Loans"), secured by mortgages on
one- to four-family residential or mixed-use properties, (ii) home improvement
installment sales contracts and installment loan agreements (the "Home
Improvement Contracts") which are either unsecured or secured by mortgages on
one-to four-family residential or mixed-use properties, or by purchase money
security interests in the home improvements financed thereby (the "Home
Improvements") and (iii) securities backed or secured by Mortgage Loans and/or
Home Improvement Contracts, (b) all monies due thereunder net, if and as
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, of certain amounts payable to the
servicer of the Mortgage Loans and/or Home Improvement Contracts (collectively,
the "Loans"), which servicer may also be the Seller, specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement (the "Servicer"), (c) if specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, funds on deposit in one or more pre-funding amounts
and/or capitalized interest accounts and (d) reserve funds, letters of credit,
surety bonds, insurance policies or other forms of credit support as described
herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement. The amount initially deposited
in a pre-funding account for a Series of Securities will not exceed fifty
percent of the aggregate principal amount of such series of Securities.
(COVER CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE)
NOTES OF A GIVEN SERIES REPRESENT OBLIGATIONS OF, AND CERTIFICATES OF A
SERIES EVIDENCE BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN, THE RELATED TRUST FUND ONLY AND ARE NOT
GUARANTEED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY OR BY THE DEPOSITOR, THE SELLER, THE
TRUSTEE, THE SERVICER OR BY ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES OR, UNLESS
OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN THE RELATED PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, BY ANY OTHER PERSON OR
ENTITY. THE DEPOSITOR'S ONLY OBLIGATIONS WITH RESPECT TO ANY SERIES OF
SECURITIES WILL BE PURSUANT TO CERTAIN REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES SET FORTH
IN THE RELATED AGREEMENT AS DESCRIBED HEREIN OR IN THE RELATED PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT.
--------------------------
SEE "RISK FACTORS" ON PAGE 15 FOR CERTAIN FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN
PURCHASING THE SECURITIES.
---------------------
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION
PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS OR THE
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE
CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
------------------------
The Securities offered by this Prospectus and by the related Prospectus
Supplement are offered by Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. and the other underwriters
set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement, if any, subject to prior sale,
to withdrawal, cancellation or modification of the offer without notice, to
delivery to and acceptance by Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. and the other
underwriters, if any, and certain further conditions. Retain this Prospectus for
future reference. This Prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of the
Securities offered hereby unless accompanied by a Prospectus Supplement.
--------------------------
BEAR, STEARNS & CO. INC.
MAY 17, 1996
<PAGE>
(CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS PAGE)
Each Series of Securities will be issued in one or more classes (each, a
"Class"). Interest on and principal of the Securities of a Series will be
payable on each Distribution Date specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, at the times, at the rates, in the amounts and in the order of
priority set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
If a Series includes multiple Classes, such Classes may vary with respect to
the amount, percentage and timing of distributions of principal, interest or
both and one or more Classes may be subordinated to other Classes with respect
to distributions of principal, interest or both as described herein and in the
related Prospectus Supplement. If so specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Primary Assets and other assets comprising the Trust Fund may be
divided into one or more Asset Groups and each Class of the related Series will
evidence beneficial ownership of the corresponding Asset Group, as applicable.
The rate of reduction of the aggregate principal balance of each Class of a
Series may depend principally upon the rate of payment (including prepayments)
with respect to the Loans or Underlying Loans relating to the Private
Securities, as applicable. A rate of prepayment lower or higher than anticipated
will affect the yield on the Securities of a Series in the manner described
herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement. Under certain limited
circumstances described herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement, a
Series of Securities may be subject to termination or redemption under the
circumstances described herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement.
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, an election may be made
to treat certain assets comprising the Trust Fund for a Series as a "real estate
mortgage investment conduit" (a "REMIC") for federal income tax purposes. See
"CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS" herein.
2
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
The Prospectus Supplement relating to a Series of Securities to be offered
hereunder will, among other things, set forth with respect to such Series of
Securities: (i) the aggregate principal amount, interest rate, and authorized
denominations of each Class of such Securities; (ii) certain information
concerning the Primary Assets, the Seller and any Servicer; (iii) the terms of
any Enhancement with respect to such Series; (iv) the terms of any insurance
related to the Primary Assets; (v) information concerning any other assets in
the related Trust Fund, including any Reserve Fund; (vi) the Final Scheduled
Distribution Date of each Class of such Securities; (vii) the method to be used
to calculate the amount of principal required to be applied to the Securities of
each Class of such Series on each Distribution Date, the timing of the
application of principal and the order of priority of the application of such
principal to the respective Classes and the allocation of principal to be so
applied; (viii) the Distribution Dates and any Assumed Reinvestment Rate (as
defined herein); (ix) additional information with respect to the plan of
distribution of such Securities; and (x) whether a REMIC election will be made
with respect to some or all of the Trust Fund for such Series.
REPORTS TO HOLDERS
Periodic and annual reports concerning the related Trust Fund for a Series
of Securities are required under the related Agreement to be forwarded to
Holders. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, such
reports will not be examined and reported on by an independent public
accountant. If so specified in the Prospectus Supplement for a Series of
Securities, such Series or one or more Classes of such Series will be issued in
book-entry form. In such event, (i) owners of beneficial interests in such
Securities will not be considered "Holders" under the Agreements and will not
receive such reports directly from the related Trust Fund; rather, such reports
will be furnished to such owners through the participants and indirect
participants of the applicable book-entry system and (ii) references herein to
the rights of "Holders" shall refer to the rights of such owners as they may be
exercised indirectly through such participants. See "THE AGREEMENTS--Reports to
Holders" herein.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Depositor has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a
Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with
respect to the Securities. This Prospectus, which forms a part of the
Registration Statement, and the Prospectus Supplement relating to each Series of
Securities contain summaries of the material terms of the documents referred to
herein and therein, but do not contain all of the information set forth in the
Registration Statement pursuant to the Rules and Regulations of the Commission.
For further information, reference is made to such Registration Statement and
the exhibits thereto. Such Registration Statement and exhibits can be inspected
and copied at prescribed rates at the public reference facilities maintained by
the Commission at its Public Reference Section, 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549, and at its Regional Office located as follows, Midwest
Regional Office, 500 West Madison Street, Chicago, Illinois 60661; and Northeast
Regional Office, Seven World Trade Center, New York, New York 10048.
Each Trust Fund will be required to file certain reports with the Commission
pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
The Depositor intends to cause each Trust Fund to suspend filing such reports if
and when such reports are no longer required under said Act.
No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any
representation other than those contained in this Prospectus and any Prospectus
Supplement with respect hereto and, if given or made, such information or
representations must not be relied upon. This Prospectus and any Prospectus
Supplement with respect hereto do not constitute an offer to sell or a
solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the Securities offered
hereby and thereby nor an offer of the Securities to any person in any state or
other jurisdiction in which such offer would be unlawful. The delivery of this
Prospectus at any time does not imply that information herein is correct as of
any time subsequent to its date.
3
<PAGE>
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
All documents subsequently filed by or on behalf of the Trust Fund referred
to in the accompanying Prospectus Supplement with the Commission pursuant to
Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the "Exchange Act"), after the date of this Prospectus and prior to the
termination of any offering of the Securities issued by such Trust Fund shall be
deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and to be a part of
this Prospectus from the date of the filing of such documents. Any statement
contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference
herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for all purposes of this
Prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein (or in the
accompanying Prospectus Supplement) or in any other subsequently filed document
which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference modifies or replaces
such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be
deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this
Prospectus.
The Depositor on behalf of any Trust Fund will provide without charge to
each person to whom this Prospectus is delivered, on the written or oral request
of such person, a copy of any or all of the documents referred to above that
have been or may be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus (not including
exhibits to the information that is incorporated by reference unless such
exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into the information that
this Prospectus incorporates). Such requests should be directed to the Depositor
at 245 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10167.
4
<PAGE>
SUMMARY OF TERMS
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
detailed information appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus and by reference to
the information with respect to each Series of Securities contained in the
Prospectus Supplement to be prepared and delivered in connection with the
offering of Securities of such Series. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise
defined herein or in the related Prospectus Supplement shall have the meanings
set forth in the "GLOSSARY OF TERMS" herein.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
SECURITIES OFFERED................ Asset-Backed Certificates (the "Certificates") and
Asset-Backed Notes (the "Notes"). Certificates are
issuable from time to time in Series pursuant to a
Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement. Each
Certificate of a Series will evidence an interest in the
Trust Fund for such Series, or in an Asset Group
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Notes
are issuable from time to time in Series pursuant to an
Indenture. Each Series of Securities will consist of one
or more Classes, one or more of which may be Classes of
Compound Interest Securities, Planned Amortization Class
("PAC") Securities, Variable Interest Securities, Zero
Coupon Securities, Principal Only Securities, Interest
Only Securities, Participating Securities, Senior
Securities or Subordinate Securities. Each Class may
differ in, among other things, the amounts allocated to
and the priority of principal and interest payments,
Final Scheduled Distribution Dates, Distribution Dates
and interest rates. The Securities of each Class will be
issued in fully registered form in the denominations
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. If so
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Securities or certain Classes of such Securities offered
thereby may be available in book-entry form only.
DEPOSITOR......................... Bear Stearns Asset Backed Securities, Inc. (the
"Depositor") was incorporated in the State of Delaware
in June 1995, and is a wholly-owned, special purpose
subsidiary of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. None of
The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. nor any other affiliate
of the Depositor, the Servicer, the Trustee or the
Seller has guaranteed or is otherwise obligated with
respect to the Securities of any Series. See "THE
DEPOSITOR."
INTEREST PAYMENTS................. Interest payments on the Securities of a Series entitled
by their terms to receive interest will be made on each
Distribution Date, to the extent set forth in, and at
the applicable rate specified in (or determined in the
manner set forth in), the related Prospectus Supplement.
The interest rate on Securities of a Series may be
variable or change with changes in the rates of interest
on the related Loans or Underlying Loans relating to the
Private Securities, as applicable and/or as prepayments
occur with respect to such Loans or Underlying Loans, as
applicable. Interest Only Securities may be assigned a
"Notional Amount" set forth in the related Prospectus
Supplement which is used solely for convenience in
expressing the calculation of interest and for certain
other purposes and does not represent the right to
receive any distributions allocable to principal.
Principal Only Securities may not be entitled to receive
any interest payments or may be entitled to receive only
nominal interest payments. Interest payable on the
Securities of a Series on a Distribution Date will
include all
</TABLE>
5
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
interest accrued during the period specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE
SECURITIES -- Payments of Interest."
PRINCIPAL PAYMENTS................ All payments of principal of a Series of Securities will
be made in an aggregate amount determined as set forth
in the related Prospectus Supplement and will be paid at
the times and will be allocated among the Classes of
such Series in the order and amounts, and will be
applied either on a pro rata or a random lot basis among
all Securities of any such Class, all as specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
FINAL SCHEDULED DISTRIBUTION DATE
OF THE SECURITIES................. The Final Scheduled Distribution Date with respect to
each Class of Notes is the date no later than which
principal thereof will be fully paid and with respect to
each Class of Certificates is the date after which no
Certificates of such Class are expected to remain
outstanding, in each case calculated on the basis of the
assumptions applicable to such Series described in the
related Prospectus Supplement. The Final Scheduled
Distribution Date of a Class may equal the maturity date
of the Primary Asset in the related Trust Fund which has
the latest stated maturity or will be determined as
described herein and in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
The actual final Distribution Date of the Securities of
a Series will depend primarily upon the rate of payment
(including prepayments, liquidations due to default, the
receipt of proceeds from casualty insurance policies and
repurchases) of the Loans or Underlying Loans relating
to the Private Securities, as applicable, in the related
Trust Fund. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the actual final Distribution
Date of any Security is likely to occur earlier and may
occur substantially earlier or may occur later than its
Final Scheduled Distribution Date as a result of the
application of prepayments to the reduction of the
principal balances of the Securities and as a result of
defaults on the Primary Assets. The rate of payments on
the Loans or Underlying Loans relating to the Private
Securities, as applicable, in the Trust Fund for a
Series will depend on a variety of factors, including
certain characteristics of such Loans or Underlying
Loans, as applicable, and the prevailing level of
interest rates from time to time, as well as on a
variety of economic, demographic, tax, legal, social and
other factors. No assurance can be given as to the
actual prepayment experience with respect to a Series.
See "RISK FACTORS -- Yield May Vary" and "DESCRIPTION OF
THE SECURITIES -- Weighted Average Life of the
Securities" herein.
OPTIONAL TERMINATION.............. One or more Classes of Securities of any Series may be
redeemed or repurchased in whole or in part, at the
Depositor's or the Servicer's option, at such time and
under the circumstances specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, at the price set forth therein.
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement for
a Series of Securities, the Depositor, the Servicer, or
such other entity that is specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, may,
</TABLE>
6
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
at its option, cause an early termination of the related
Trust Fund by repurchasing all of the Primary Assets
remaining in the Trust Fund on or after a specified
date, or on or after such time as the aggregate
principal balance of the Securities of the Series or the
Primary Assets relating to such Series, as specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, is less than the
amount or percentage specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES --
Optional Redemption, Purchase or Termination."
In addition, the Prospectus Supplement may provide other
circumstances under which Holders of Securities of a
Series could be fully paid significantly earlier than
would otherwise be the case if payments or distributions
were solely based on the activity of the related Primary
Assets.
THE TRUST FUND.................... The Trust Fund for a Series of Securities will consist
of one or more of the assets described below, as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
A. Primary Assets............... The Primary Assets for a Series may consist of any
combination of the following assets, to the extent and
as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The
Primary Assets will be purchased from the Seller or may
be purchased by the Depositor in the open market or in
privately negotiated transactions, including transac-
tions with entities affiliated with the Depositor.
(1) Loans..................... Primary Assets for a Series will consist, in whole or in
part, of Loans. Some Loans may be delinquent or
non-performing as specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Loans may be originated by or acquired from
an affiliate of the Depositor and an affiliate of the
Depositor may be an obligor with respect to any such
Loan. The Loans will be conventional contracts or
contracts insured by the Federal Housing Administration
("FHA") or partially guaranteed by the Veterans
Administration ("VA"). See "The Trust Funds -- The
Loans" for a discussion of such guarantees. To the
extent provided in the related Prospectus Supplement,
additional Loans may be periodically added to the Trust
Fund, or may be removed from time to time if certain
asset value tests are met, as described in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
The "Loans" for a Series will consist of (i) closed-end
home equity loans (the "Mortgage Loans") and (ii) home
improvement installment sales contracts and installment
loan agreements (the "Home Improvement Contracts"). The
Mortgage Loans and the Home Improvement Contracts are
collectively referred to herein as the "Loans." Loans
may, as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
have various payment characteristics, including balloon
or other irregular payment features, and may accrue
interest at a fixed rate or an adjustable rate.
As specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Mortgage Loans will and the Home Improvement Contracts
may be secured by mortgages and deeds of trust or other
similar security instruments creating a lien on a
Mortgaged Property, which may be
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subordinated to one or more senior liens on the
Mortgaged Property, as described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. As specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, Home Improvement Contracts may be
unsecured or secured by purchase money security
interests in the Home Improvements financed thereby. The
Mortgaged Properties and the Home Improvements are
collectively referred to herein as the "Properties."
The related Prospectus Supplement will describe certain
characteristics of the Loans for a Series, including,
without limitation, and to the extent relevant: (a) the
aggregate unpaid principal balance of the Loans (or the
aggregate unpaid principal balance included in the Trust
Fund for the related Series); (b) the range and weighted
average Loan Rate on the Loans and in the case of
adjustable rate Loans, the range and weighted average of
the Current Loan Rates and the Lifetime Rate Caps, if
any; (c) the range and the average outstanding principal
balance of the Loans; (d) the weighted average original
and remaining term-to-stated maturity of the Loans and
the range of original and remaining terms-to-stated
maturity, if applicable; (e) the range and Combined
Loan-to-Value Ratios or Loan-to-Value Ratios, as ap-
plicable, of the Loans, computed in the manner described
in the related Prospectus Supplement; (f) the percentage
(by principal balance as of the Cut-off Date) of Loans
that accrue interest at adjustable or fixed interest
rates; (g) any enhancement relating to the Loans; (h)
the percentage (by principal balance as of the Cut-off
Date) of Loans that are secured by Mortgaged Properties,
Home Improvements or are unsecured; (i) the geographic
distribution of any Mortgaged Properties securing the
Loans; (j) the use and type of each Mortgaged Property
securing a Loan; (k) the lien priority of the Loans; and
(l) the delinquency status and year of origination of
the Loans.
(2) Private Securities........ Primary Assets for a Series may consist, in whole or in
part, of Private Securities which include (a)
pass-through certificates representing beneficial
interests in loans of the type that would otherwise be
eligible to be Loans (the "Underlying Loans") or (b)
collateralized obligations secured by Underlying Loans.
Such pass-through certificates or collateralized
obligations will have previously been (a) offered and
distributed to the public pursuant to an effective
registration statement or (b) purchased in a trans-
action not involving any public offering from a person
who is not an affiliate of the issuer of such securities
at the time of sale (nor an affiliate thereof at any
time during the three preceding months); provided a
period of three years has elapsed since the later of the
date the securities were acquired from the issuer or an
affiliate thereof. Although individual Underlying Loans
may be insured or guaranteed by the United States or an
agency or instrumentality thereof, they need not be, and
the Private Securities themselves will not be so insured
or guaranteed. See "THE TRUST FUNDS -- Private
Securities." Unless otherwise specified in the
Prospectus Supplement relating to a Series of Securi-
ties, payments on the Private Securities will be
distributed directly to the Trustee as registered owner
of such Private Securities.
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The related Prospectus Supplement for a Series will
specify (such disclosure may be on an approximate basis,
as described above and will be as of the date specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement) to the extent
relevant and to the extent such information is
reasonably available to the Depositor and the Depositor
reasonably believes such information to be reliable: (i)
the aggregate approximate principal amount and type of
any Private Securities to be included in the Trust Fund
for such Series; (ii) certain characteristics of the
Underlying Loans including (A) the payment features of
such Underlying Loans (i.e., whether they are fixed rate
or adjustable rate and whether they provide for fixed
level payments, negative amortization or other payment
features), (B) the approximate aggregate principal
amount of such Underlying Loans which are insured or
guaranteed by a governmental entity, (C) the servicing
fee or range of servicing fees with respect to such
Underlying Loans, (D) the minimum and maximum stated
maturities of such Underlying Loans at origination, (E)
the lien priority of such Underlying Loans, and (F) the
delinquency status and year of origination of such
Underlying Loans; (iii) the maximum original
term-to-stated maturity of the Private Securities; (iv)
the weighted average term-to-stated maturity of the
Private Securities; (v) the pass-through or certificate
rate or ranges thereof for the Private Securities; (vi)
the sponsor or depositor of the Private Securities (the
"PS Sponsor"), the servicer of the Private Securities
(the "PS Servicer") and the trustee of the Private
Securities (the "PS Trustee"); (vii) certain
characteristics of enhancement, if any, such as reserve
funds, insurance policies, letters of credit or
guarantees, relating to the Loans underlying the Private
Securities, or to such Private Securities themselves;
(viii) the terms on which the Underlying Loans may, or
are required to, be repurchased prior to stated
maturity; and (ix) the terms on which substitute
Underlying Loans may be delivered to replace those
initially deposited with the PS Trustee. See "THE TRUST
FUNDS -- Additional Information" herein.
B. Collection and Distribution
Accounts..................... Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, all payments on or with respect to the
Primary Assets for a Series will be remitted directly to
an account (the "Collection Account") to be established
for such Series with the Trustee or the Servicer, in the
name of the Trustee. Unless otherwise provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the Trustee shall be
required to apply a portion of the amount in the
Collection Account, together with reinvestment earnings
from eligible investments specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, to the payment of certain amounts
payable to the Servicer under the related Agreement and
any other person specified in the Prospectus Supplement,
and to deposit a portion of the amount in the Collection
Account into a separate account (the "Distribution
Account") to be established for such Series, each in the
manner and at the times established in the related
Prospectus Supplement. All amounts deposited in such
Distribution Account will be available, unless other-
wise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, for
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(i) application to the payment of principal of and
interest on such Series of Securities on the next
Distribution Date, (ii) the making of adequate provision
for future payments on certain Classes of Securities and
(iii) any other purpose specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. After applying the funds in the
Collection Account as described above, any funds
remaining in the Collection Account may be paid over to
the Servicer, the Depositor, any provider of Enhancement
with respect to such Series (an "Enhancer") or any other
person entitled thereto in the manner and at the times
established in the related Prospectus Supplement.
C. Pre-Funding and Capitalized
Interest Accounts.............. If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a
Trust Fund will include one or more segregated trust
accounts (each, a "Pre-Funding Account") established and
maintained with the Trustee for the related Series. If
so specified, on the closing date for such Series, a
portion of the proceeds of the sale of the Securities of
such Series (such amount, the "Pre-Funded Amount") will
be deposited in the Pre-Funding Account and may be used
to purchase additional Primary Assets during the period
of time, not to exceed six months, specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement (the "Pre-Funding
Period"). The Primary Assets to be so purchased will be
required to have certain characteristics specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement. If any Pre-Funded
Amount remains on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account at
the end of the Pre-Funding Period, such amount will be
applied in the manner specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement to prepay the Notes and/or the
Certificates of the applicable Series. The amount
initially deposited in a pre-funding account for a
Series of Securities will not exceed fifty percent of
the aggregate principal amount of such Series of
Securities.
If a Pre-Funding Account is established, one or more
segregated trust accounts (each, a "Capitalized Interest
Account") may be established and maintained with the
Trustee for the related Series. On the closing date for
such Series, a portion of the proceeds of the sale of
the Securities of such Series will be deposited in the
Capitalized Interest Account and used to fund the
excess, if any, of (x) the sum of (i) the amount of
interest accrued on the Securities of such Series and
(ii) if specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
certain fees or expenses during the Pre-Funding Period
such as trustee fees and credit enhancement fees, over
(y) the amount of interest available therefor from the
Primary Assets in the Trust Fund. Any amounts on deposit
in the Capitalized Interest Account at the end of the
Pre-Funding Period that are not necessary for such
purposes will be distributed to the person specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
ENHANCEMENT....................... If stated in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a
Series, the Depositor will obtain an irrevocable letter
of credit, surety bond, certificate insurance policy,
insurance policy or other form of credit support
(collectively, "Enhancement") in favor of the Trustee on
behalf of the Holders of such Series and any other
person
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specified in such Prospectus Supplement from an
institution acceptable to the rating agency or agencies
identified in the related Prospectus Supplement as
rating such Series of Securities (collectively, the
"Rating Agency") for the purposes specified in such
Prospectus Supplement. The Enhancement will support the
payments on the Securities and may be used for other
purposes, to the extent and under the conditions
specified in such Prospectus Supplement. See
"ENHANCEMENT."
Enhancement for a Series may include one or more of the
following types of Enhancement, or such other type of
Enhancement specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
A. Subordinate Securities....... If stated in the related Prospectus Supplement,
Enhancement for a Series may consist of one or more
Classes of Subordinate Securities. The rights of Holders
of such Subordinate Securities to receive distributions
on any Distribution Date will be subordinate in right
and priority to the rights of holders of Senior
Securities of the Series, but only to the extent
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
B. Insurance.................... If stated in the related Prospectus Supplement,
Enhancement for a Series may consist of special hazard
insurance policies, bankruptcy bonds and other types of
insurance supporting payments on the Securities.
C. Reserve Funds................ If stated in the Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor
may deposit cash, a letter or letters of credit,
short-term investments, or other instruments acceptable
to the Rating Agency in one or more reserve funds to be
established in the name of the Trustee (each a "Reserve
Fund"), which will be used, as specified in such
Prospectus Supplement, by the Trustee to make required
payments of principal of or interest on the Securities
of such Series, to make adequate provision for future
payments on such Securities or for any other purpose
specified in the Agreement, with respect to such Series,
to the extent that funds are not otherwise available. In
the alternative or in addition to such deposit, a
Reserve Fund for a Series may be funded through
application of all or a portion of the excess cash flow
from the Primary Assets for such Series, to the extent
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
D. Minimum Principal Payment
Agreement...................... If stated in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a
Series of Securities, the Depositor will enter into a
minimum principal payment agreement (the "Minimum
Principal Payment Agreement") with an entity meeting the
criteria of the Rating Agency, pursuant to which such
entity will provide funds in the event that aggregate
principal payments on the Primary Assets for such Series
are not sufficient to make certain payments, as provided
in the related Prospectus Supplement. See "ENHANCEMENT
-- Minimum Principal Payment Agreement."
E. Deposit Agreement.......... If stated in the Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor
and the Trustee will enter into a guaranteed investment
contract or an investment agreement (the "Deposit
Agreement") pursuant to which all or a portion of
amounts held in the Collection Account,
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the Distribution Account or in any Reserve Fund will be
invested with the entity specified in such Prospectus
Supplement. The Trustee will be entitled to withdraw
amounts so invested, plus interest at a rate equal to
the Assumed Reinvestment Rate, in the manner specified
in the Prospectus Supplement. See "ENHANCEMENT --
Deposit Agreement."
SERVICING......................... The Servicer will be responsible for servicing, managing
and making collections on the Loans for a Series. In
addition, the Servicer, if so specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, will act as custodian and will be
responsible for maintaining custody of the Loans and
related documentation on behalf of the Trustee. Ad-
vances with respect to delinquent payments of principal
or interest on a Loan will be made by the Servicer only
to the extent described in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Such advances will be intended to provide
liquidity only and, unless otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, reimbursable to the
Servicer from scheduled payments of principal and
interest, late collections, or from the proceeds of
liquidation of the related Loans or from other
recoveries relating to such Loans (including any
insurance proceeds or payments from other credit
support). In performing these functions, the Servicer
will exercise the same degree of skill and care that it
customarily exercises with respect to similar
receivables or Loans owned or serviced by it. Under
certain limited circumstances, the Servicer may resign
or be removed, in which event either the Trustee or a
third-party servicer will be appointed as successor
servicer. The Servicer will receive a periodic fee as
servicing compensation (the "Servicing Fee") and may, as
specified herein and in the related Prospectus Supple-
ment, receive certain additional compensation. See
"SERVICING OF LOANS -- Servicing Compensation and
Payment of Expenses" herein.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
A. Debt Securities and REMIC
Residual Securities............ If (i) an election is made to treat all or a portion of
a Trust Fund for a Series as a "real estate mortgage
investment conduit" (a "REMIC") or (ii) so provided in
the related Prospectus Supplement, a Series of
Securities will include one or more Classes of taxable
debt obligations under the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the "Code"). Stated interest with
respect to such Classes of Securities will be reported
by a Holder in accordance with the Holder's method of
accounting except that, in the case of Securities
constituting "regular interests" in a REMIC ("Regular
Interests"), such interest will be required to be
reported on the accrual method regardless of a Holder's
usual method of accounting. Securities that are Compound
Interest Securities, Zero Coupon Securities or Interest
Only Securities will, and certain other Classes of
Securities may, be issued with original issue discount
that is not DE MINIMIS. In such cases, the Holder will
be required to include original issue discount in gross
income as it accrues, which may be prior to the receipt
of cash attributable to
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such income. If a Security is issued at a premium, the
Holder may be entitled to make an election to amortize
such premium on a constant yield method.
In the case of a REMIC election, a Class of Securities
may be treated as REMIC "residual interests" ("Residual
Interest"). A Holder of a Residual Interest will be
required to include in its income its pro rata share of
the taxable income of the REMIC. In certain
circumstances, the Holder of a Residual Interest may
have REMIC taxable income or tax liability attributable
to REMIC taxable income for a particular period in
excess of cash distributions for such period or have an
after-tax return that is less than the after-tax return
on comparable debt instruments. In addition, a portion
(or, in some cases, all) of the income from a Residual
Interest (i) except in certain circumstances with
respect to a Holder classified as a thrift institution
under the Code, may not be subject to offset by losses
from other activities or investments, (ii) for a Holder
that is subject to tax under the Code on unrelated
business taxable income, may be treated as unrelated
business taxable income and (iii) for a foreign holder,
may not qualify for exemption from or reduction of
withholding. In addition, (i) Residual Interests are
subject to transfer restrictions and (ii) certain
transfers of Residual Interests will not be recognized
for federal income tax purposes. Further, individual
holders are subject to limitations on the deductibility
of expenses of the REMIC. See "CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME
TAX CONSIDERATIONS."
B. Non-REMIC Pass-Through
Securities..................... If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
the Trust Fund for a Series will be treated as a grantor
trust and will not be classified as an association
taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes
and Holders of Securities of such Series ("Pass-Through
Securities") will be treated as owning directly rights
to receive certain payments of interest or principal, or
both on the Primary Assets held in the Trust Fund for
such Series. All income with respect to a Stripped
Security (as defined herein) will be accounted for as
original issue discount and, unless otherwise specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, will be reported
by the Trustee on an accrual basis, which may be prior
to the receipt of cash associated with such income.
C. Owner Trust Securities....... If so specified in the Prospectus Supplement, the Trust
Fund will be treated as a partnership for purposes of
federal and state income tax. Each Noteholder, by the
acceptance of a Note of a given Series, will agree to
treat such Note as indebtedness, and each
Certificateholder, by the acceptance of a Certificate of
a given Series, will agree to treat the related Trust as
a partnership in which such Certificateholder is a
partner for federal income and state tax purposes.
Alternative characterizations of such Trust and such
Certificates are possible, but would not result in
materially adverse tax consequences to
Certificateholders. See "CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX
CONSIDERATIONS."
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ERISA CONSIDERATIONS.............. A fiduciary of any employee benefit plan subject to the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended ("ERISA"), or the Code should carefully review
with its own legal advisors whether the purchase or
holding of Securities could give rise to a transaction
prohibited or otherwise impermissible under ERISA or the
Code. See "ERISA CONSIDERATIONS."
LEGAL INVESTMENT.................. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, Securities of each Series offered by this
Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement will
not constitute "mortgage related securities" under the
Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984
("SMMEA"). Investors whose investment authority is
subject to legal restrictions should consult their own
legal advisors to determine whether and to what extent
the Securities constitute legal investments for them.
See "LEGAL INVESTMENT."
USE OF PROCEEDS................... The Depositor will use the net proceeds from the sale of
each Series for one or more of the following purposes:
(i) to purchase the related Primary Assets, (ii) to
repay indebtedness which has been incurred to obtain
funds to acquire such Primary Assets, (iii) to establish
any Reserve Funds described in the related Prospectus
Supplement and (iv) to pay costs of structuring and
issuing such Securities, including the costs of
obtaining Enhancement, if any. If so specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the purchase of the
Primary Assets for a Series will be effected by an
exchange of Securities with the Seller of such Primary
Assets. See "USE OF PROCEEDS."
RATINGS........................... It will be a requirement for issuance of any Series that
the Securities offered by this Prospectus and the
related Prospectus Supplement be rated by at least one
Rating Agency in one of its four highest applicable
rating categories. The rating or ratings applicable to
Securities of each Series offered hereby and by the
related Prospectus Supplement will be as set forth in
the related Prospectus Supplement. A securities rating
should be evaluated independently of similar ratings on
different types of securities. A securities rating is
not a recommendation to buy, hold or sell securities and
does not address the effect that the rate of prepayments
on Loans or Underlying Loans relating to Private
Securities, as applicable, for a Series may have on the
yield to investors in the Securities of such Series. See
"RISK FACTORS -- Ratings Are Not Recommendations."
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RISK FACTORS
Investors should consider, among other things, the following factors in
connection with the purchase of the Securities.
NO SECONDARY MARKET. There will be no market for the Securities of any
Series prior to the issuance thereof, and there can be no assurance that a
secondary market will develop or, if it does develop, that it will provide
Holders with liquidity of investment or will continue for the life of the
Securities of such Series. The Underwriter(s) specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, expects to make a secondary market in the Securities, but
has no obligation to do so.
PRIMARY ASSETS ARE ONLY SOURCE OF REPAYMENT. The Depositor does not have,
nor is it expected to have, any significant assets. The Securities of a Series
will be payable solely from the assets of the Trust Fund for such Securities.
There will be no recourse to the Depositor or any other person for any default
on the Notes or any failure to receive distributions on the Certificates.
Further, unless otherwise stated in the related Prospectus Supplement, at the
times set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain Primary Assets
and/or any balance remaining in the Collection Account or Distribution Account
immediately after making all payments due on the Securities of such Series and
other payments specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, may be promptly
released or remitted to the Depositor, the Servicer, the Enhancer or any other
person entitled thereto and will no longer be available for making payments to
Holders. Consequently, Holders of Securities of each Series must rely solely
upon payments with respect to the Primary Assets and the other assets
constituting the Trust Fund for a Series of Securities, including, if
applicable, any amounts available pursuant to any Enhancement for such Series,
for the payment of principal of and interest on the Securities of such Series.
Holders of Notes will be required under the Indenture to proceed only
against the Primary Assets and other assets constituting the related Trust Fund
in the case of a default with respect to such Notes and may not proceed against
any assets of the Depositor. There is no assurance that the market value of the
Primary Assets or any other assets for a Series will at any time be equal to or
greater than the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such Series
then outstanding, plus accrued interest thereon. Moreover, upon an event of
default under the Indenture for a Series of Notes and a sale of the assets in
the Trust Fund or upon a sale of the assets of a Trust Fund for a Series of
Certificates, the Trustee, the Servicer, if any, the Enhancer and any other
service provider specified in the related Prospectus Supplement generally will
be entitled to receive the proceeds of any such sale to the extent of unpaid
fees and other amounts owing to such persons under the related Agreement prior
to distributions to Holders of Securities. Upon any such sale, the proceeds
thereof may be insufficient to pay in full the principal of and interest on the
Securities of such Series.
The only obligations, if any, of the Depositor with respect to the
Securities of any Series will be pursuant to certain representations and
warranties. See "THE AGREEMENTS -- Assignment of Primary Assets" herein. The
Depositor does not have, and is not expected in the future to have, any
significant assets with which to meet any obligation to repurchase Primary
Assets with respect to which there has been a breach of any representation or
warranty. If, for example, the Depositor were required to repurchase a Primary
Asset, its only sources of funds to make such repurchase would be from funds
obtained from the enforcement of a corresponding obligation, if any, on the part
of the originator of the Primary Assets, the Servicer or the Seller, as the case
may be, or from a Reserve Fund established to provide funds for such
repurchases.
LIMITED PROTECTION AGAINST LOSSES. Although any Enhancement is intended to
reduce the risk of delinquent payments or losses to holders of Securities
entitled to the benefit thereof, the amount of such Enhancement will be limited,
as set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement, and will decline and could be
depleted under certain circumstances prior to the payment in full of the related
Series of Securities, and as a result Holders may suffer losses. See
"ENHANCEMENT."
YIELD MAY VARY. The yield to maturity experienced by a Holder of Securities
may be affected by the rate of payment of principal of the Loans or Underlying
Loans relating to the Private Securities, as
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applicable. The timing of principal payments of the Securities of a Series will
be affected by a number of factors, including the following: (i) the extent of
prepayments of the Loans or Underlying Loans relating to the Private Securities,
as applicable, which prepayments may be influenced by a variety of factors; (ii)
the manner of allocating principal payments among the Classes of Securities of a
Series as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement; and (iii) the exercise
by the party entitled thereto of any right of optional termination. See
"DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES -- Weighted Average Life of Securities."
Prepayments may also result from repurchases of Loans or Underlying Loans, as
applicable, due to material breaches of the Seller's or the Depositor's
warranties.
Interest payable on the Securities of a Series on a Distribution Date will
include all interest accrued during the period specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. In the event interest accrues during the calendar month
prior to a Distribution Date, the effective yield to Holders will be reduced
from the yield that would otherwise be obtainable if interest payable on the
Security were to accrue through the day immediately preceding each Distribution
Date, and the effective yield (at par) to Holders will be less than the
indicated coupon rate. See "DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES -- Payments of
Interest."
PROPERTY VALUES MAY BE INSUFFICIENT. If the Mortgages in a Trust Fund are
primarily junior liens subordinate to the rights of the mortgagee under the
related senior mortgage or mortgages, the proceeds from any liquidation,
insurance or condemnation proceedings will be available to satisfy the
outstanding balance of such junior mortgage only to the extent that the claims
of such senior mortgagees have been satisfied in full, including any related
foreclosure costs. In addition, a junior mortgagee may not foreclose on the
Property securing a junior mortgage unless it forecloses subject to the senior
mortgages, in which case it must either pay the entire amount due on the senior
mortgages to the senior mortgagees at or prior to the foreclosure sale or
undertake the obligation to make payments on the senior mortgages in the event
the mortgagor is in default thereunder. The Trust Fund will not have any source
of funds to satisfy the senior mortgages or make payments due to the senior
mortgagees.
There are several factors that could adversely affect the value of
Properties such that the outstanding balance of the related Loan, together with
any senior financing on the Properties, would equal or exceed the value of the
Properties. Among the factors that could adversely affect the value of the
Properties are an overall decline in the residential real estate market in the
areas in which the Properties are located or a decline in the general condition
of the Properties as a result of failure of borrowers to maintain adequately the
Properties or of natural disasters that are not necessarily covered by
insurance, such as earthquakes and floods. Any such decline could extinguish the
value of a junior interest in a Property before having any effect on the related
senior interest therein. If such a decline occurs, the actual rates of
delinquencies, foreclosure and losses on the junior Loans could be higher than
those currently experienced in the mortgage lending industry in general.
PRE-FUNDING MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT INVESTMENT. If a Trust Fund includes a
Pre-Funding Account and the principal balance of additional Loans delivered to
the Trust Fund during the Pre-Funding Period is less than the original
Pre-Funded Amount, the Holders of the Securities of the related Series will
receive a prepayment of principal as and to the extent described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Any such principal prepayment may adversely affect the
yield to maturity of the applicable Securities. Since prevailing interest rates
are subject to fluctuation, there can be no issuance that investors will be able
to reinvest such a prepayment at yields equaling or exceeding the yields on the
related Securities. It is possible that the yield on any such reinvestment will
be lower, and may be significantly lower, than the yield on the related
Securities.
The ability of a Trust Fund to invest in subsequent Loans during the related
Pre-Funding Period will be dependant on the ability of the Seller to originate
or acquire Loans that satisfy the requirements for transfer to the Trust Fund.
The ability of the Seller to originate or acquire such Loans will be affected by
a variety of social and economic factors, including the prevailing level of
market interest rates, unemployment levels and consumer perceptions of general
economic conditions.
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Although subsequent Loans must satisfy the characteristics described in the
related Prospectus Supplement, such Loans may have been originated more recently
than the Loans originally transferred to the Trust Fund and may be of a lesser
credit quality. As a result, the addition of subsequent Loans may adversely
affect the performance of the related Securities.
POTENTIAL LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. Real property pledged as
security to a lender may be subject to certain environmental risks. Under the
laws of certain states, contamination of a property may give rise to a lien on
the property to assure the costs of clean-up. In several states, such a lien has
priority over the lien of an existing mortgage or owner's interest against such
property. In addition, under the laws of some states and under the federal
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
("CERCLA"), a lender may be liable, as an "owner" or "operator," for costs of
addressing releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances that require
remedy at a property, if agents or employees of the lender have become
sufficiently involved in the operations of the borrower, regardless of whether
or not the environmental damage or threat was caused by a prior owner. A lender
also risks such liability on foreclosure of the Mortgaged Property.
CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS MAY AFFECT LOANS. Applicable state laws generally
regulate interest rates and other charges and require certain disclosures. In
addition, other state laws, public policy and general principles of equity
relating to the protection of consumers, unfair and deceptive practices and debt
collection practices may apply to the origination, servicing and collection of
the Loans. Depending on the provisions of the applicable law and the specific
facts and circumstances involved, violations of these laws, policies and
principles may limit the ability of the Servicer to collect all or part of the
principal of or interest on the Loans, may entitle the borrower to a refund of
amounts previously paid and, in addition, could subject the owner of the Loan to
damages and administrative enforcement.
The Loans are also subject to Federal laws, including:
(i)
the Federal Truth in Lending Act and Regulation Z promulgated
thereunder, which require certain disclosures to the borrowers
regarding the terms of the Loans;
(ii)
the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B promulgated
thereunder, which prohibit discrimination on the basis of age, race,
color, sex, religion, marital status, national origin, receipt of public
assistance or the exercise of any right under the Consumer Credit Protection
Act, in the extension of credit; and
(iii)
the Fair Credit Reporting Act, which regulates the use and reporting
of information related to the borrower's credit experience.
The Home Improvement Contracts are also subject to the Preservation of
Consumers' Claims and Defenses regulations of the Federal Trade Commission and
other similar federal and state statutes and regulations (collectively, the
"Holder in Due Course Rules"), which protect the homeowner from defective
craftsmanship or incomplete work by a contractor. These laws permit the obligor
to withhold payment if the work does not meet the quality and durability
standards agreed to by the homeowner and the contractor. The Holder in Due
Course Rules have the effect of subjecting any assignee of the seller in a
consumer credit transaction to all claims and defenses which the obligor in the
credit sale transaction could assert against the seller of the goods.
Violations of certain provisions of these Federal laws may limit the ability
of the Servicer to collect all or part of the principal of or interest on the
Loans and in addition could subject the Trust Fund to damages and administrative
enforcement. See "CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE LOANS."
CONTRACTS WILL NOT BE STAMPED. In order to give notice of the right, title
and interest of Securityholders to the Home Improvement Contracts, the Depositor
will cause a UCC-1 financing statement to be executed by the Depositor or the
Seller identifying the Trustee as the secured party and identifying all Home
Improvement Contracts as collateral. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Home Improvement Contracts will not be stamped or
otherwise marked to reflect their assignment to the Trust Fund. Therefore, if,
through negligence, fraud or otherwise, a subsequent purchaser were able to take
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physical possession of the Home Improvement Contracts without notice of such
assignment, the interest of Securityholders in the Home Improvement Contracts
could be defeated. See "CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE LOANS -- The Home
Improvement Contracts."
RATINGS ARE NOT RECOMMENDATIONS. It will be a condition to the issuance of
a Series of Securities that they be rated in one of the four highest rating
categories by the Rating Agency identified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Any such rating would be based on, among other things, the adequacy of the value
of the Primary Assets and any Enhancement with respect to such Series. Such
rating should not be deemed a recommendation to purchase, hold or sell
Securities, inasmuch as it does not address market price or suitability for a
particular investor. There is also no assurance that any such rating will remain
in effect for any given period of time or may not be lowered or withdrawn
entirely by the Rating Agency if in its judgment circumstances in the future so
warrant. In addition to being lowered or withdrawn due to any erosion in the
adequacy of the value of the Primary Assets, such rating might also be lowered
or withdrawn, among other reasons, because of an adverse change in the financial
or other condition of an Enhancer or a change in the rating of such Enhancer's
long term debt.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES
GENERAL
Each Series of Notes will be issued pursuant to an indenture (the
"Indenture") between the related Trust Fund and the entity named in the related
Prospectus Supplement as trustee (the "Trustee" ) with respect to such Series. A
form of Indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of
which this Prospectus forms a part. The Certificates will also be issued in
Series pursuant to separate agreements (each, a "Pooling and Servicing
Agreement" or a "Trust Agreement") among the Depositor, the Servicer, if the
Series relates to Loans, and the Trustee. A form of Pooling and Servicing
Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which
this Prospectus forms a part. A Series may consist of both Notes and
Certificates.
The Seller may agree to reimburse the Depositor for certain fees and
expenses of the Depositor incurred in connection with the offering of the
Securities.
The following summaries describe certain provisions in the Agreements common
to each Series of Securities. The summaries do not purport to be complete and
are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, the
provisions of the Agreements and the Prospectus Supplement relating to each
Series of Securities. Where particular provisions or terms used in the
Agreements are referred to, the actual provisions (including definitions of
terms) are incorporated herein by reference as part of such summaries.
Each Series of Securities will consist of one or more Classes of Securities,
one or more of which may be Compound Interest Securities, Variable Interest
Securities, PAC Securities, Zero Coupon Securities, Principal Only Securities,
Interest Only Securities or Participating Securities. A Series may also include
one or more Classes of Subordinate Securities. The Securities of each Series
will be issued only in fully registered form, without coupons, in the authorized
denominations for each Class specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Upon satisfaction of the conditions, if any, applicable to a Class of a Series,
as described in the related Prospectus Supplement, the transfer of the
Securities may be registered and the Securities may be exchanged at the office
of the Trustee specified in the Prospectus Supplement without the payment of any
service charge other than any tax or governmental charge payable in connection
with such registration of transfer or exchange. If specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, one or more Classes of a Series may be available in
book-entry form only.
Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, payments of
principal of and interest on a Series of Securities will be made on the
Distribution Dates specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such
Series by check mailed to Holders of such Series, registered as such at the
close of business on the record date specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement applicable to such Distribution Dates at
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their addresses appearing on the security register, except that (a) payments may
be made by wire transfer (at the expense of the Holder requesting payment by
wire transfer) in certain circumstances described in the related Prospectus
Supplement and (b) final payments of principal in retirement of each Security
will be made only upon presentation and surrender of such Security at the office
of the Trustee specified in the Prospectus Supplement. Notice of the final
payment on a Security will be mailed to the Holder of such Security before the
Distribution Date on which the final principal payment on any Security is
expected to be made to the holder of such Security.
Payments of principal of and interest on the Securities will be made by the
Trustee, or a paying agent on behalf of the Trustee, as specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, all payments with respect to the Primary Assets for a Series,
together with reinvestment income thereon, amounts withdrawn from any Reserve
Fund, and amounts available pursuant to any other Enhancement will be deposited
directly into the Collection Account. If provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, such amounts may be net of certain amounts payable to the related
Servicer and any other person specified in the Prospectus Supplement. Such
amounts thereafter will be deposited into the Distribution Account and will be
available to make payments on the Securities of such Series on the next
Distribution Date. See "THE TRUST FUNDS -- Collection and Distribution
Accounts."
VALUATION OF THE PRIMARY ASSETS
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement for a Series of Notes,
each Primary Asset included in the related Trust Fund for a Series will be
assigned an initial "Asset Value." Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, at any time the Asset Value of the Primary Assets will be
equal to the product of the Asset Value Percentage as set forth in the Indenture
and the lesser of (a) the stream of remaining regularly scheduled payments on
the Primary Assets, net, unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, of certain amounts payable as expenses, together with income earned
on each such scheduled payment received through the day preceding the next
Distribution Date at the Assumed Reinvestment Rate, if any, discounted to
present value at the highest interest rate on the Notes of such Series over
periods equal to the interval between payments on the Notes, and (b) the then
principal balance of the Primary Assets. Unless otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the initial Asset Value of the Primary Assets
will be at least equal to the principal amount of the Notes of the related
Series at the date of issuance thereof.
The "Assumed Reinvestment Rate," if any, for a Series will be the highest
rate permitted by the Rating Agency or a rate insured by means of a surety bond,
guaranteed investment contract, Deposit Agreement or other arrangement
satisfactory to the Rating Agency. If the Assumed Reinvestment Rate is so
insured, the related Prospectus Supplement will set forth the terms of such
arrangement.
PAYMENTS OF INTEREST
The Securities of each Class by their terms entitled to receive interest
will bear interest (calculated, unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, on the basis of a 360 day year of twelve 30-day months)
from the date and at the rate per annum specified, or calculated in the method
described, in the related Prospectus Supplement. Interest on such Securities of
a Series will be payable on the Distribution Date specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. The rate of interest on Securities of a Series may be
variable or may change with changes in the annual percentage rates of the Loans
or Underlying Loans relating to the Private Securities, as applicable included
in the related Trust Fund and/or as prepayments occur with respect to such Loans
or Underlying Loans, as applicable. Principal Only Securities may not be
entitled to receive any interest distributions or may be entitled to receive
only nominal interest distributions. Any interest on Zero Coupon Securities that
is not paid on the related Distribution Date will accrue and be added to the
principal thereof on such Distribution Date.
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Interest payable on the Securities on a Distribution Date will include all
interest accrued during the period specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. In the event interest accrues during the calendar month preceding a
Distribution Date, the effective yield to Holders will be reduced from the yield
that would otherwise be obtainable if interest payable on the Securities were to
accrue through the day immediately preceding such Distribution Date.
PAYMENTS OF PRINCIPAL
On each Distribution Date for a Series, principal payments will be made to
the Holders of the Securities of such Series on which principal is then payable,
to the extent set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. Such payments will
be made in an aggregate amount determined as specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement and will be allocated among the respective Classes of a Series in the
manner, at the times and in the priority (which may, in certain cases, include
allocation by random lot) set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
FINAL SCHEDULED DISTRIBUTION DATE
The Final Scheduled Distribution Date with respect to each Class of Notes is
the date no later than which the principal thereof will be fully paid and with
respect to each Class of a Series of Certificates will be the date on which the
entire aggregate principal balance of such Class is expected to be reduced to
zero, in each case calculated on the basis of the assumptions applicable to such
Series described in the related Prospectus Supplement. The Final Scheduled
Distribution Date for each Class of a Series will be specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Since payments on the Primary Assets will be used to make
distributions in reduction of the outstanding principal amount of the
Securities, it is likely that the actual final Distribution Date of any such
Class will occur earlier, and may occur substantially earlier, than its Final
Scheduled Distribution Date. Furthermore, with respect to a Series of
Certificates, unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
as a result of delinquencies, defaults and liquidations of the Primary Assets in
the Trust Fund, the actual final Distribution Date of any Certificate may occur
later than its Final Scheduled Distribution Date. No assurance can be given as
to the actual prepayment experience with respect to a Series. See "Weighted
Average Life of the Securities" below.
SPECIAL REDEMPTION
If so specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a Series of
Securities having other than monthly Distribution Dates, one or more Classes of
Securities of such Series may be subject to special redemption, in whole or in
part, on the day specified in the related Prospectus Supplement (a "Special
Redemption Date") if, as a consequence of prepayments on the Loans or Underlying
Loans, as applicable, relating to such Securities or low yields then available
for reinvestment the entity specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
determines, based on assumptions specified in the applicable Agreement that the
amount available for the payment of interest that will have accrued on such
Securities (the "Available Interest Amount") through the designated interest
accrual date specified in the related Prospectus Supplement is less than the
amount of interest that will have accrued on such Securities to such date. In
such event and as further described in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Trustee will redeem a principal amount of outstanding Securities of such Series
as will cause the Available Interest Amount to equal the amount of interest that
will have accrued through such designated interest accrual date for such Series
of Securities outstanding immediately after such redemption.
OPTIONAL REDEMPTION, PURCHASE OR TERMINATION
The Depositor or the Servicer may, at its option, redeem, in whole or in
part, one or more Classes of Notes or purchase one or more Classes of
Certificates of any Series, on any Distribution Date under the circumstances, if
any, specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such Series.
Alternatively, if so
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specified in the related Prospectus Supplement for a Series of Certificates, the
Depositor, the Servicer, or another entity designated in the related Prospectus
Supplement may, at its option, cause an early termination of a Trust Fund by
repurchasing all of the Primary Assets from such Trust Fund on or after a date
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, or on or after such time as the
aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Certificates or Primary Assets, as
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement is less than the amount or
percentage specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Notice of such
redemption, purchase or termination must be given by the Depositor or the
Trustee prior to the related date. The redemption, purchase or repurchase price
will be set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. If specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, in the event that a REMIC election has been made,
the Trustee shall receive a satisfactory opinion of counsel that the optional
redemption, purchase or termination will be conducted so as to constitute a
"qualified liquidation" under Section 860F of the Code.
In addition, the Prospectus Supplement may provide other circumstances under
which Holders of Securities of a Series could be fully paid significantly
earlier than would otherwise be the case if payments or distributions were
solely based on the activity of the related Primary Assets.
WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIFE OF THE SECURITIES
Weighted average life refers to the average amount of time that will elapse
from the date of issue of a security until each dollar of principal of such
security will be repaid to the investor. Unless otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the weighted average life of the Securities of a
Class will be influenced by the rate at which the amount financed under the
Loans or Underlying Loans relating to the Private Securities, as applicable,
included in the Trust Fund for a Series is paid, which may be in the form of
scheduled amortization or prepayments.
Prepayments on loans and other receivables can be measured relative to a
prepayment standard or model. The Prospectus Supplement for a Series of
Securities will describe the prepayment standard or model, if any, used and may
contain tables setting forth the projected weighted average life of each Class
of Securities of such Series and the percentage of the original principal amount
of each Class of Securities of such Series that would be outstanding on
specified Distribution Dates for such Series based on the assumptions stated in
such Prospectus Supplement, including assumptions that prepayments on the Loans
or Underlying Loans relating to the Private Securities, as applicable, included
in the related Trust Fund are made at rates corresponding to various percentages
of the prepayment standard or model specified in such Prospectus Supplement.
There is, however, no assurance that prepayment of the Loans or Underlying
Loans relating to the Private Securities, as applicable, included in the related
Trust Fund will conform to any level of any prepayment standard or model
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The rate of principal
prepayments on pools of loans may be influenced by a variety of factors,
including job related factors such as transfers, layoffs or promotions and
personal factors such as divorce, disability or prolonged illness. Economic
conditions, either generally or within a particular geographic area or industry,
also may affect the rate of principal prepayments. Demographic and social
factors may influence the rate of principal prepayments in that some borrowers
have greater financial flexibility to move or refinance than do other borrowers.
The deductibility of mortgage interest payments, servicing decisions and other
factors also affect the rate of principal prepayments. As a result, there can be
no assurance as to the rate or timing of principal prepayments of the Loans or
Underlying Loans either from time to time or over the lives of such Loans or
Underlying Loans.
The rate of prepayments of conventional housing loans and other receivables
has fluctuated significantly in recent years. In general, however, if prevailing
interest rates fall significantly below the interest rates on the Loans or
Underlying Loans relating to the Private Securities, as applicable, for a
Series, such loans are likely to prepay at rates higher than if prevailing
interest rates remain at or above the interest rates borne by such loans. In
this regard, it should be noted that the Loans or Underlying Loans, as
applicable, for a Series may have different interest rates. In addition, the
weighted average life of the Securities may be
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affected by the varying maturities of the Loans or Underlying Loans relating to
the Private Securities, as applicable. If any Loans or Underlying Loans relating
to the Private Securities, as applicable, for a Series have actual
terms-to-stated maturity of less than those assumed in calculating the Final
Scheduled Distribution Date of the related Securities, one or more Classes of
the Series may be fully paid prior to their respective Final Scheduled
Distribution Date, even in the absence of prepayments and a reinvestment return
higher than the Assumed Reinvestment Rate.
THE TRUST FUNDS
GENERAL
The Notes of each Series will be secured by the pledge of the assets of the
related Trust Fund, and the Certificates of each Series will represent interests
in the assets of the related Trust Fund. The Trust Fund of each Series will
include assets purchased from the Seller composed of (i) the Primary Assets,
(ii) amounts available from the reinvestment of payments on such Primary Assets
at the Assumed Reinvestment Rate, if any, specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, (iii) any Enhancement, (iv) any Property that secured a Loan but
which is acquired by foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure or repossession
and (v) the amount, if any, initially deposited in the Collection Account or
Distribution Account for a Series as specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
The Securities will be non-recourse obligations of the related Trust Fund.
The assets of the Trust Fund specified in the related Prospectus Supplement for
a Series of Securities, unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, will serve as collateral only for that Series of Securities. Holders
of a Series of Notes may only proceed against such collateral securing such
Series of Notes in the case of a default with respect to such Series of Notes
and may not proceed against any assets of the Depositor or the related Trust
Fund not pledged to secure such Notes.
The Primary Assets for a Series will be sold by the Seller to the Depositor
or purchased by the Depositor in the open market or in privately negotiated
transactions, which may include transactions with affiliates and will be
transferred by the Depositor to the Trust Fund. Loans relating to a Series will
be serviced by the Servicer, which may be the Seller, specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing Agreement, with
respect to a Series of Certificates or a servicing agreement (each, a "Servicing
Agreement") between the Trust Fund and Servicer, with respect to a Series of
Notes.
As used herein, "Agreement" means, with respect to a Series of Certificates,
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement, and with respect to a
Series of Notes, the Indenture and the Servicing Agreement, as the context
requires.
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a Trust Fund relating
to a Series of Securities may be a business trust formed under the laws of the
state specified in the related Prospectus Supplement pursuant to a trust
agreement (each, a "Trust Agreement") between the Depositor and the trustee of
such Trust Fund specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
With respect to each Trust Fund, prior to the initial offering of the
related Series of Securities, the Trust Fund will have no assets or liabilities.
No Trust Fund is expected to engage in any activities other than acquiring,
managing and holding the related Primary Assets and other assets contemplated
herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement and the proceeds thereof,
issuing Securities and making payments and distributions thereon and certain
related activities. No Trust Fund is expected to have any source of capital
other than its assets and any related Enhancement.
Primary Assets included in the Trust Fund for a Series may consist of any
combination of Loans and Private Securities, to the extent and as specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
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THE LOANS
MORTGAGE LOANS. The Primary Assets for a Series may consist, in whole or in
part, of closed-end home equity loans (the "Mortgage Loans") secured by
mortgages primarily on Single Family Properties which may be subordinated to
other mortgages on the same Mortgaged Property. The Mortgage Loans may have
fixed interest rates or adjustable interest rates and may provide for other
payment characteristics as described below and in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
Unless otherwise described in the related Prospectus Supplement, the full
principal amount of a Mortgage Loan is advanced at origination of the loan and
generally is repayable in equal (or substantially equal) installments of an
amount sufficient to fully amortize such loan at its stated maturity. As more
fully described in the related Prospectus Supplement, interest on each Mortgage
Loan is calculated on the basis of the outstanding principal balance of such
loan multiplied by the Loan Rate thereon and further multiplied by a fraction,
the numerator of which is the number of days in the period elapsed since the
preceding payment of interest was made and the denominator is the number of days
in the annual period for which interest accrues on such loan. Unless otherwise
described in the related Prospectus Supplement the original terms to stated
maturity of Mortgage Loans will not exceed 360 months.
The Mortgaged Properties will include Single Family Property (i.e., one- to
four-family residential housing, including Condominium Units and Cooperative
Dwellings) and mixed-use property. Mixed-use properties will consist of
structures of no more than three stories, which include one - to - four
residential dwelling units and space used for retail, professional or other
commercial uses. Such uses, which will not involve more than 50% of the space in
the structure, may include doctor, dentist or law offices, real estate agencies,
boutiques, newstands, convenience stores or other similar types of uses intended
to cater to individual customers as specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The properties may be located in suburban or metropolitan districts.
Any such non-residential use will be in compliance with local zoning laws and
regulations. The Mortgaged Properties may consist of detached individual
dwellings, individual condominiums, townhouses, duplexes, row houses, individual
units in planned unit developments and other attached dwelling units. Each
Single Family Property will be located on land owned in fee simple by the
borrower or on land leased by the borrower for a term at least ten years (unless
otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement) greater than the term
of the related Loan. Attached dwellings may include owner-occupied structures
where each borrower owns the land upon which the unit is built, with the
remaining adjacent land owned in common or dwelling units subject to a
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement in a cooperatively owned apartment
building.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, Mortgages
on Cooperative Dwellings consist of a lien on the shares issued by such
Cooperative Dwelling and the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement relating
to such Cooperative Dwelling.
The aggregate principal balance of Mortgage Loans secured by Mortgaged
Properties that are owner-occupied will be disclosed in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement, the sole
basis for a representation that a given percentage of the Mortgage Loans are
secured by Single Family Property that is owner-occupied will be either (i) the
making of a representation by the Mortgagor at origination of the Mortgage Loan
either that the underlying Mortgaged Property will be used by the Mortgagor for
a period of at least six months every year or that the Mortgagor intends to use
the Mortgaged Property as a primary residence, or (ii) a finding that the
address of the underlying Mortgaged Property is the Mortgagor's mailing address
as reflected in the Servicer's records. To the extent specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Mortgaged Properties may include non-owner occupied
investment properties and vacation and second homes.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the initial
Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio of a Loan is computed in the manner described in
the related Prospectus Supplement, taking into account the amounts of any
related senior mortgage loans.
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HOME IMPROVEMENT CONTRACTS. The Primary Assets for a Series may consist, in
whole or part, of home improvement installment sales contracts and installment
loan agreements (the "Home Improvement Contracts") originated by a home
improvement contractor in the ordinary course of business. As specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the Home Improvement Contracts will either be
unsecured or secured by the Mortgages primarily on Single Family Properties
which are generally subordinate to other mortgages on the same Mortgaged
Property or by purchase money security interests in the Home Improvements
financed thereby. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement, the Home Improvement Contracts will be fully amortizing and may have
fixed interest rates or adjustable interest rates and may provide for other
payment characteristics as described below and in the related Prospectus
Supplement
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the home
improvements (the "Home Improvements") securing the Home Improvement Contracts
include, but are not limited to, replacement windows, house siding, new roofs,
swimming pools, satellite dishes, kitchen and bathroom remodeling goods and
solar heating panels. The initial Loan-to-Value Ratio of a Home Improvement
Contract will be computed in the manner described in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. The selection criteria which will apply with
respect to the Loans, including, but not limited to, the Combined Loan-to-Value
Ratios or Loan-to-Value Ratios, as applicable, original terms to maturity and
delinquency information, will be specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The Loans for a Series may include Loans that do not amortize their entire
principal balance by their stated maturity in accordance with their terms and
require a balloon payment of the remaining principal balance at maturity, as
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. As further described in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the Loans for a Series may include Loans that do
not have a specified stated maturity.
The Loans will be conventional contracts or contracts insured by the Federal
Housing Administration ("FHA") or partially guaranteed by the Veterans
Administration ("VA"). Loans designated in the related Prospectus Supplement as
insured by the FHA will be insured by the FHA as authorized under the United
States Housing Act of 1937, as amended. Such Loans will be insured under various
FHA programs. These programs generally limit the principal amount and interest
rates of the mortgage loans insured. Loans insured by the FHA generally require
a minimum down payment of approximately 5% of the original principal amount of
the loan. No FHA-insured Loans relating to a Series may have an interest rate or
original principal amount exceeding the applicable FHA limits at the time of
origination of such loan.
The insurance premiums for Loans insured by the FHA are collected by lenders
approved by the Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD") and are paid
to the FHA. The regulations governing FHA single-family mortgage insurance
programs provide that insurance benefits are payable either upon foreclosure (or
other acquisition of possession) and conveyance of the mortgaged premises to HUD
or upon assignment of the defaulted Loan to HUD. With respect to a defaulted
FHA-insured Loan, the Servicer is limited in its ability to initiate foreclosure
proceedings. When it is determined, either by the Servicer or HUD, that default
was caused by circumstances beyond the mortgagor's control, the Servicer is
expected to make an effort to avoid foreclosure by entering, if feasible, into
one of a number of available forms of forbearance plans with the mortgagor. Such
plans may involve the reduction or suspension of regular mortgage payments for a
specified period, with such payments to be made upon or before the maturity date
of the mortgage, or the recasting of payments due under the mortgage up to or
beyond the maturity date. In addition, when a default caused by such
circumstances is accompanied by certain other criteria, HUD may provide relief
by making payments to the Servicer in partial or full satisfaction of amounts
due under the Loan (which payments are to be repaid by the mortgagor to HUD) or
by accepting assignment of the loan from the Servicer. With certain exceptions,
at least three full monthly installments must be due and unpaid under the Loan
and HUD must have rejected any request for relief from the mortgagor before the
Servicer may initiate foreclosure proceedings.
HUD has the option, in most cases, to pay insurance claims in cash or in
debentures issued by HUD. Currently, claims are being paid in cash, and claims
have not been paid in debentures since 1965. HUD
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debentures issued in satisfaction of FHA insurance claims bear interest at the
applicable HUD debenture interest rate. The Servicer of each FHA-insured Loan
will be obligated to purchase any such debenture issued in satisfaction of such
Loan upon default for an amount equal to the principal amount of any such
debenture.
The amount of insurance benefits generally paid by the FHA is equal to the
entire unpaid principal amount of the defaulted Loan adjusted to reimburse the
Servicer for certain costs and expenses and to deduct certain amounts received
or retained by the Servicer after default. When entitlement to insurance
benefits results from foreclosure (or other acquisition of possession) and
conveyance to HUD, the Servicer is compensated for no more than two-thirds of
its foreclosure costs, and is compensated for interest accrued and unpaid prior
to such date but in general only to the extent it was allowed pursuant to a
forbearance plan approved by HUD. When entitlement to insurance benefits results
from assignment of the Loan to HUD, the insurance payment includes full
compensation for interest accrued and unpaid to the assignment date. The
insurance payment itself, upon foreclosure of an FHA-insured Loan, bears
interest from a date 30 days after the mortgagor's first uncorrected failure to
perform any obligation to make any payment due under the Loan and, upon
assignment, from the date of assignment to the date of payment of the claim, in
each case at the same interest rate as the applicable HUD debenture interest
rate as described above.
Loans designated in the related Prospectus Supplement as guaranteed by the
VA will be partially guaranteed by the VA under the Serviceman's Readjustment
Act of 1944, as amended (a "VA Guaranty"). The Serviceman's Readjustment Act of
1944, as amended, permits a veteran (or in certain instances the spouse of a
veteran) to obtain a mortgage loan guaranty by the VA covering mortgage
financing of the purchase of a one- to four-family dwelling unit at interest
rates permitted by the VA. The program has no mortgage loan limits, requires no
down payment from the purchaser and permits the guarantee of mortgage loans of
up to 30 years' duration.
The maximum guaranty that may be issued by the VA under a VA guaranteed
mortgage loan depends upon the original principal amount of the mortgage loan,
as further described in 38 United States Code Section 1803(a), as amended. The
liability on the guaranty is reduced or increased pro rata with any reduction or
increase in the amount of indebtedness, but in no event will the amount payable
on the guaranty exceed the amount of the original guaranty. The VA may, at its
option and without regard to the guaranty, make full payment to a mortgage
holder of unsatisfied indebtedness on a mortgage upon its assignment to the VA.
With respect to a defaulted VA guaranteed Loan, the Servicer is, absent
exceptional circumstances, authorized to announce its intention to foreclose
only when the default has continued for three months. Generally, a claim for the
guaranty is submitted after liquidation of the Mortgaged Property.
The amount payable under the guaranty will be the percentage of the
VA-insured Loan originally guaranteed applied to indebtedness outstanding as of
the applicable date of computation specified in the VA regulations. Payments
under the guaranty will be equal to the unpaid principal amount of the loan,
interest accrued on the unpaid balance of the loan to the appropriate date of
computation and limited expenses of the mortgagee, but in each case only to the
extent that such amounts have not been recovered through liquidation of the
Mortgaged Property. The amount payable under the guaranty may in no event exceed
the amount of the original guaranty.
The related Prospectus Supplement for each Series will provide information
with respect to the Loans that are Primary Assets as of the Cut-off Date,
including, among other things, and to the extent relevant: (a) the aggregate
unpaid principal balance of the Loans; (b) the range and weighted average Loan
Rate on the Loans, and, in the case of adjustable rate Loans, the range and
weighted average of the current Loan Rates and the Lifetime Rate Caps, if any;
(c) the range and average outstanding principal balance of the Loans; (d) the
weighted average original and remaining term-to-stated maturity of the Loans and
the range of original and remaining terms-to-stated maturity, if applicable; (e)
the range and weighted average of Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios or Loan-to-Value
Ratios for the Loans, as applicable; (f) the percentage (by outstanding
principal balance as of the Cut-off Date) of Loans that accrue interest at
adjustable or fixed
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interest rates; (g) any special hazard insurance policy or bankruptcy bond or
other enhancement relating to the Loans; (h) the percentage (by principal
balance as of the Cut-off Date) of Loans that are secured by Mortgaged
Properties, Home Improvements or are unsecured; (i) the geographic distribution
of any Mortgaged Properties securing the Loans; (j) the percentage of Loans (by
principal balance as of the Cut-off Date) that are secured by Single Family
Properties, shares relating to Cooperative Dwellings, Condominium Units,
investment property and vacation or second homes; (k) the lien priority of the
Loans; and (l) the delinquency status and year of origination of the Loans. The
related Prospectus Supplement will also specify any other limitations on the
types or characteristics of Loans for a Series.
If information of the nature described above respecting the Loans is not
known to the Depositor at the time the Securities are initially offered,
approximate or more general information of the nature described above will be
provided in the Prospectus Supplement and additional information will be set
forth in a Current Report on Form 8-K to be available to investors on the date
of issuance of the related Series and to be filed with the Commission within 15
days after the initial issuance of such Securities.
PRIVATE SECURITIES
GENERAL. Primary Assets for a Series may consist, in whole or in part, of
Private Securities which include pass-through certificates representing
beneficial interests in loans of the type that would otherwise be eligible to be
Loans (the "Underlying Loans") or (b) collateralized obligations secured by
Underlying Loans. Such pass-through certificates or collateralized obligations
will have previously been (a) offered and distributed to the public pursuant to
an effective registration statement or (b) purchased in a transaction not
involving any public offering from a person who is not an affiliate of the
issuer of such securities at the time of sale (nor an affiliate thereof at any
time during the three preceding months); provided a period of three years
elapsed since the later of the date the securities were acquired from the issuer
or an affiliate thereof. Although individual Underlying Loans may be insured or
guaranteed by the United States or an agency or instrumentality thereof, they
need not be, and Private Securities themselves will not be so insured or
guaranteed.
Private Securities will have been issued pursuant to a pooling and servicing
agreement, a trust agreement or similar agreement (a "PS Agreement"). The
seller/servicer of the Underlying Loans will have entered into the PS Agreement
with the trustee under such PS Agreement (the "PS Trustee"). The PS Trustee or
its agent, or a custodian, will possess the Underlying Loans. Underlying Loans
will be serviced by a servicer (the "PS Servicer") directly or by one or more
sub-servicers who may be subject to the supervision of the PS Servicer.
The sponsor of the Private Securities (the "PS Sponsor") will be a financial
institution or other entity engaged generally in the business of lending; a
public agency or instrumentality of a state, local or federal government; or a
limited purpose corporation organized for the purpose of, among other things,
establishing trusts and acquiring and selling loans to such trusts, and selling
beneficial interests in such trusts. If so specified in the Prospectus
Supplement, the PS Sponsor may be an affiliate of the Depositor. The obligations
of the PS Sponsor will generally be limited to certain representations and
warranties with respect to the assets conveyed by it to the related trust.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the PS Sponsor
will not have guaranteed any of the assets conveyed to the related trust or any
of the Private Securities issued under the PS Agreement. Additionally, although
the Underlying Loans may be guaranteed by an agency or instrumentality of the
United States, the Private Securities themselves will not be so guaranteed.
Distributions of principal and interest will be made on the Private
Securities on the dates specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The
Private Securities may be entitled to receive nominal or no principal
distributions or nominal or no interest distributions. Principal and interest
distributions will be made on the Private Securities by the PS Trustee or the PS
Servicer. The PS Sponsor or the PS Servicer may have the right to repurchase the
Underlying Loans after a certain date or under other circumstances specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
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The Underlying Loans may be fixed rate, level payment, fully amortizing
loans or adjustable rate loans or loans having balloon or other irregular
payment features. Such Underlying Loans will be secured by mortgages on
Mortgaged Properties.
CREDIT SUPPORT RELATING TO PRIVATE SECURITIES. Credit support in the form
of Reserve Funds, subordination of other private securities issued under the PS
Agreement, guarantees, letters of credit, cash collateral accounts, insurance
policies or other types of credit support may be provided with respect to the
Underlying Loans or with respect to the Private Securities themselves. The type,
characteristics and amount of credit support will be a function of certain
characteristics of the Underlying Loans and other factors and will have been
established for the Private Securities on the basis of requirements of the
nationally recognized statistical rating organization that rated the Private
Securities.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. The Prospectus Supplement for a Series for which
the Primary Assets include Private Securities will specify (such disclosure may
be on an approximate basis and will be as of the date specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement), to the extent relevant and to the extent such
information is reasonably available to the Depositor and the Depositor
reasonably believes such information to be reliable: (i) the aggregate
approximate principal amount and type of the Private Securities to be included
in the Trust Fund for such Series; (ii) certain characteristics of the
Underlying Loans including (A) the payment features of such Underlying Loans
(i.e., whether they are fixed rate or adjustable rate and whether they provide
for fixed level payments or other payment features), (B) the approximate
aggregate principal balance, if known, of such Underlying Loans insured or
guaranteed by a governmental entity, (C) the servicing fee or range of servicing
fees with respect to the Underlying Loans, (D) the minimum and maximum stated
maturities of such Underlying Loans at origination, (E) the lien priority of
such Underlying Loans, and (F) the delinquency status and year of origination of
such Underlying Loans; (iii) the maximum original term-to-stated maturity of the
Private Securities; (iv) the weighted average term-to-stated maturity of the
Private Securities; (v) the pass-through or certificate rate or ranges thereof
for the Private Securities; (vi) the PS Sponsor, the PS Servicer (if other than
the PS Sponsor) and the PS Trustee for such Private Securities; (vii) certain
characteristics of credit support if any, such as Reserve Funds, insurance
policies, letters of credit or guarantees relating to such Loans underlying the
Private Securities or to such Private Securities themselves; (viii) the terms on
which Underlying Loans may, or are required to, be purchased prior to their
stated maturity or the stated maturity of the Private Securities; and (ix) the
terms on which Underlying Loans may be substituted for those originally
underlying the Private Securities.
If information of the nature described above representing the Private
Securities is not known to the Depositor at the time the Securities are
initially offered, approximate or more general information of the nature
described above will be provided in the Prospectus Supplement and the additional
information, if available, will be set forth in a Current Report on Form 8-K to
be available to investors on the date of issuance of the related Series and to
be filed with the Commission within 15 days of the initial issuance of such
Securities.
COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION ACCOUNTS
A separate Collection Account will be established by the Trustee or the
Servicer, in the name of the Trustee, for each Series of Securities for receipt
of the amount of cash, if any, specified in the related Prospectus Supplement to
be initially deposited therein by the Depositor, all amounts received on or with
respect to the Primary Assets and, unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, income earned thereon. Certain amounts on deposit in such
Collection Account and certain amounts available pursuant to any Enhancement, as
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, will be deposited in a related
Distribution Account, which will also be established by the Trustee for each
such Series of Securities, for distribution to the related Holders. Unless
otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Trustee will
invest the funds in the Collection and Distribution Accounts in Eligible
Investments maturing, with certain exceptions, not later, in the case of funds
in the Collection Account, than the day preceding the date such funds are due to
be deposited in the Distribution Account or otherwise distributed and, in the
case of funds in the Distribution Account, than the day preceding the next
Distribution Date for the related
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Series of Securities. Eligible Investments include, among other investments,
obligations of the United States and certain agencies thereof, federal funds,
certificates of deposit, commercial paper, demand and time deposits and banker's
acceptances, certain repurchase agreements of United States government
securities and certain guaranteed investment contracts, in each case, acceptable
to the Rating Agency.
Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, amounts may be deposited and withdrawn
pursuant to any Deposit Agreement or Minimum Principal Payment Agreement as
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a Trust Fund will include
one or more segregated trust accounts (each, a "Pre-Funding Account")
established and maintained with the Trustee for the related Series. If so
specified, on the closing date for such Series, a portion of the proceeds of the
sale of the Securities of such Series (such amount, the "Pre-Funded Amount")
will be deposited in the Pre-Funding Account and may be used to purchase
additional Primary Assets during the period of time specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement (the "Pre-Funding Period"). The Primary Assets to be so
purchased will be required to have certain characteristics specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. If any Pre-Funded
Amount remains on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account at the end of the
Pre-Funding Period, such amount will be applied in the manner specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement to prepay the Notes and/or the Certificates of the
applicable Series.
If a Pre-Funding Account is established, one or more segregated trust
accounts (each, a "Capitalized Interest Account") may be established and
maintained with the Trustee for the related Series. On the closing date for such
Series, a portion of the proceeds of the sale of the Securities of such Series
will be deposited in the Capitalized Interest Account and used to fund the
excess, if any, of the sum of (i) the amount of interest accrued on the
Securities of such Series and (ii) if specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, certain fees or expenses during the Pre-Funding Period, over the
amount of interest available therefor from the Primary Assets in the Trust Fund.
Any amounts on deposit in the Capitalized Interest Account at the end of the
Pre-Funding Period that are not necessary for such purposes will be distributed
to the person specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
ENHANCEMENT
If stated in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a Series of Securities,
simultaneously with the Depositor's assignment of the Primary Assets to the
Trustee, the Depositor will obtain an irrevocable letter of credit, surety bond
or insurance policy, issue Subordinate Securities or obtain any other form of
enhancement or combination thereof (collectively, "Enhancement") in favor of the
Trustee on behalf of the Holders of the related Series or designated Classes of
such Series from an institution or by other means acceptable to the Rating
Agency. The Enhancement will support the payment of principal and interest on
the Securities, and may be applied for certain other purposes to the extent and
under the conditions set forth in such Prospectus Supplement. Enhancement for a
Series may include one or more of the following forms, or such other form as may
be specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. If so specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, any of such Enhancement may be structured so as
to protect against losses relating to more than one Trust Fund, in the manner
described therein.
SUBORDINATE SECURITIES
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, Enhancement for a Series
may consist of one or more Classes of Subordinate Securities. The rights of
holders of such Subordinate Securities to receive distributions on any
Distribution Date will be subordinate in right and priority to the rights of
Holders of Senior Securities of the Series, but only to the extent described in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
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INSURANCE
If stated in the related Prospectus Supplement, Enhancement for a Series may
consist of special hazard insurance policies, bankruptcy bonds and other types
of insurance relating to the Primary Assets, as described below and in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
POOL INSURANCE POLICY. If so specified in the Prospectus Supplement
relating to a Series of Securities, the Depositor will obtain a pool insurance
policy for the Loans in the related Trust Fund. The pool insurance policy will
cover any loss (subject to the limitations described in a related Prospectus
Supplement) by reason of default. but will not cover the portion of the
principal balance of any Loan that is required to be covered by any primary
mortgage insurance policy. The amount and terms of any such coverage will be set
forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
SPECIAL HAZARD INSURANCE POLICY. Although the terms of such policies vary
to some degree, a special hazard insurance policy typically provides that, where
there has been damage to Property securing a defaulted or foreclosed Loan (title
to which has been acquired by the insured) and to the extent such damage is not
covered by the standard hazard insurance policy or any flood insurance policy,
if applicable, required to be maintained with respect to such Property, or in
connection with partial loss resulting from the application of the coinsurance
clause in a standard hazard insurance policy, the special hazard insurer will
pay the lesser of (i) the cost of repair or replacement of such Property or (ii)
upon transfer of such Property to the special hazard insurer, the unpaid
principal balance of such Loan at the time of acquisition of such Property by
foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure, plus accrued interest to the date of
claim settlement and certain expenses incurred by the Servicer with respect to
such Property. If the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest and certain
expenses is paid by the special hazard insurer, the amount of further coverage
under the special hazard insurance policy will be reduced by such amount less
any net proceeds from the sale of such Property. Any amount paid as the cost of
repair of such Property will reduce coverage by such amount. Special hazard
insurance policies typically do not cover losses occasioned by war, civil
insurrection, certain governmental actions, errors in design, faulty workmanship
or materials (except under certain circumstances), nuclear reaction, flood (if
the mortgaged property is in a federally designated flood area), chemical
contamination and certain other risks.
Restoration of the Property with the proceeds described under (i) above is
expected to satisfy the condition under any pool insurance policy that such
Property be restored before a claim under such pool insurance policy may be
validly presented with respect to the defaulted Loan secured by such Property.
The payment described under (ii) above will render unnecessary presentation of a
claim in respect of such Loan under any pool insurance policy. Therefore, so
long as such pool insurance policy remains in effect, the payment by the special
hazard insurer of the cost of repair or of the unpaid principal balance of the
related Loan plus accrued interest and certain expenses will not affect the
total insurance proceeds paid to Holders of the Securities, but will affect the
relative amounts of coverage remaining under the special hazard insurance policy
and pool insurance policy.
BANKRUPTCY BOND. In the event of a bankruptcy of a borrower, the bankruptcy
court may establish the value of the Property securing the related Loan at an
amount less than the then-outstanding principal balance of such Loan. The amount
of the secured debt could be reduced to such value, and the holder of such Loan
thus would become an unsecured creditor to the extent the outstanding principal
balance of such Loan exceeds the value so assigned to the Property by the
bankruptcy court. In addition, certain other modifications of the terms of a
Loan can result from a bankruptcy proceeding. See "CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF
LOANS." If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor or
other entity specified in the related Prospectus Supplement will obtain a
bankruptcy bond or similar insurance contract (the "bankruptcy bond") covering
losses resulting from proceedings with respect to borrowers under the Bankruptcy
Code. The bankruptcy bond will cover certain losses resulting from a reduction
by a bankruptcy court of scheduled payments of principal of and interest on a
Loan or a reduction by such court of the principal amount of a Loan and will
cover certain unpaid interest on the amount of such a principal reduction from
the date of the filing of a bankruptcy petition.
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The bankruptcy bond will provide coverage in the aggregate amount specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement for all Loans in the Trust Fund for such
Series. Such amount will be reduced by payments made under such bankruptcy bond
in respect of such Loans, unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, and will not be restored.
RESERVE FUNDS
If so specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a Series of
Securities, the Depositor will deposit into one or more funds to be established
with the Trustee as part of the Trust Fund for such Series or for the benefit of
any Enhancer with respect to such Series (the "Reserve Funds") cash, a letter or
letters of credit, cash collateral accounts, Eligible Investments, or other
instruments meeting the criteria of the Rating Agency rating any Series of the
Securities in the amount specified in such Prospectus Supplement. In the
alternative or in addition to such deposit, a Reserve Fund for a Series may be
funded over time through application of all or a portion of the excess cash flow
from the Primary Assets for such Series, to the extent described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. If applicable, the initial amount of the Reserve Fund and
the Reserve Fund maintenance requirements for a Series of Securities will be
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Amounts withdrawn from any Reserve Fund will be applied by the Trustee to
make payments on the Securities of a Series, to pay expenses, to reimburse any
Enhancer or for any other purpose, in the manner and to the extent specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
Amounts deposited in a Reserve Fund will be invested by the Trustee, in
Eligible Investments maturing no later than the day specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
MINIMUM PRINCIPAL PAYMENT AGREEMENT
If stated in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a Series of Securities,
the Depositor will enter into a Minimum Principal Payment Agreement with an
entity meeting the criteria of the Rating Agency pursuant to which such entity
will provide certain payments on the Securities of such Series in the event that
aggregate scheduled principal payments and/or prepayments on the Primary Assets
for such Series are not sufficient to make certain payments on the Securities of
such Series, as provided in the Prospectus Supplement.
DEPOSIT AGREEMENT
If specified in a Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor and the Trustee for
such Series of Securities will enter into a Deposit Agreement with the entity
specified in such Prospectus Supplement on or before the sale of such Series of
Securities. The purpose of a Deposit Agreement would be to accumulate available
cash for investment so that such cash, together with income thereon, can be
applied to future distributions on one or more Classes of Securities. The
Prospectus Supplement for a Series of Securities pursuant to which a Deposit
Agreement is used will contain a description of the terms of such Deposit
Agreement.
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SERVICING OF LOANS
GENERAL
Customary servicing functions with respect to Loans comprising the Primary
Assets in the Trust Fund will be provided by the Servicer directly pursuant to
the related Servicing Agreement or Pooling and Servicing Agreement, as the case
may be, with respect to a Series of Securities.
COLLECTION PROCEDURES; ESCROW ACCOUNTS
The Servicer will make reasonable efforts to collect all payments required
to be made under the Loans and will, consistent with the terms of the related
Agreement for a Series and any applicable Enhancement, follow such collection
procedures as it follows with respect to comparable loans held in its own
portfolio. Consistent with the above, the Servicer may, in its discretion, (i)
waive any assumption fee, late payment charge, or other charge in connection
with a Loan and (ii) to the extent provided in the related Agreement arrange
with an obligor a schedule for the liquidation of delinquencies by extending the
Due Dates for Scheduled Payments on such Loan.
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer, to the
extent permitted by law, will establish and maintain escrow or impound accounts
("Escrow Accounts") with respect to Loans in which payments by obligors to pay
taxes, assessments, mortgage and hazard insurance premiums, and other comparable
items will be deposited. Loans may not require such payments under the loan
related documents, in which case the Servicer would not be required to establish
any Escrow Account with respect to such Loans. Withdrawals from the Escrow
Accounts are to be made to effect timely payment of taxes, assessments and
mortgage and hazard insurance, to refund to obligors amounts determined to be
overages, to pay interest to obligors on balances in the Escrow Account to the
extent required by law, to repair or otherwise protect the property securing the
related Loan and to clear and terminate such Escrow Account. The Servicer will
be responsible for the administration of the Escrow Accounts and generally will
make advances to such accounts when a deficiency exists therein.
DEPOSITS TO AND WITHDRAWALS FROM THE COLLECTION ACCOUNT
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Trustee
or the Servicer will establish a separate account (the "Collection Account") in
the name of the Trustee. Unless otherwise indicated in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Collection Account will be an account maintained (i) at a
depository institution, the long-term unsecured debt obligations of which at the
time of any deposit therein are rated by each Rating Agency rating the
Securities of such Series at levels satisfactory to each Rating Agency or (ii)
in an account or accounts the deposits in which are insured to the maximum
extent available by the FDIC or which are secured in a manner meeting
requirements established by each Rating Agency.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the funds
held in the Collection Account may be invested, pending remittance to the
Trustee, in Eligible Investments. If so specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Servicer will be entitled to receive as additional compensation
any interest or other income earned on funds in the Collection Account.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Servicer, the Depositor, the Trustee or the Seller, as appropriate, will deposit
into the Collection Account for each Series on the Business Day following the
Closing Date any amounts representing Scheduled Payments due after the related
Cut-off Date but received by the Servicer on or before the Closing Date, and
thereafter, within two business days after the date of receipt thereof, the
following payments and collections received or made by it (other than, unless
otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, in respect of principal
of and interest on the related Primary Assets due on or before such Cut-off
Date):
(i)
All payments on account of principal, including prepayments, on such
Primary Assets;
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(ii)
All payments on account of interest on such Primary Assets after
deducting therefrom, at the discretion of the Servicer but only to
the extent of the amount permitted to be withdrawn or withheld from the
Collection Account in accordance with the related Agreement, the Servicing
Fee in respect of such Primary Assets;
(iii)
All amounts received by the Servicer in connection with the
liquidation of Primary Assets or property acquired in respect
thereof, whether through foreclosure sale, repossession or otherwise,
including payments in connection with such Primary Assets received from the
obligor, other than amounts required to be paid or refunded to the obligor
pursuant to the terms of the applicable loan documents or otherwise pursuant
to law ("Liquidation Proceeds"), exclusive of, in the discretion of the
Servicer, but only to the extent of the amount permitted to be withdrawn
from the Collection Account in accordance with the related Agreement, the
Servicing Fee, if any, in respect of the related Primary Asset;
(iv)
All proceeds under any title insurance, hazard insurance or other
insurance policy covering any such Primary Asset, other than proceeds
to be applied to the restoration or repair of the related Property or
released to the obligor in accordance with the related Agreement;
(v)
All amounts required to be deposited therein from any applicable
Reserve Fund for such Series pursuant to the related Agreement;
(vi)
All Advances made by the Servicer required pursuant to the related
Agreement; and
(vii)
All repurchase prices of any such Primary Assets repurchased by the
Depositor, the Servicer or the Seller pursuant to the related
Agreement.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Servicer is permitted, from time to time, to make withdrawals from the
Collection Account for each Series for the following purposes:
(i)
to reimburse itself for Advances for such Series made by it pursuant
to the related Agreement; the Servicer's right to reimburse itself is
limited to amounts received on or in respect of particular Loans (including,
for this purpose, Liquidation Proceeds and amounts representing proceeds of
insurance policies covering the related Property) which represent late
recoveries of Scheduled Payments respecting which any such Advance was made;
(ii)
to the extent provided in the related Agreement, to reimburse itself
for any Advances for such Series that the Servicer determines in good
faith it will be unable to recover from amounts representing late recoveries
of Scheduled Payments respecting which such Advance was made or from
Liquidation Proceeds or the proceeds of insurance policies;
(iii)
to reimburse itself from Liquidation Proceeds for liquidation
expenses and for amounts expended by it in good faith in connection
with the restoration of damaged Property and, in the event deposited in the
Collection Account and not previously withheld, and to the extent that
Liquidation Proceeds after such reimbursement exceed the outstanding
principal balance of the related Loan, together with accrued and unpaid
interest thereon to the Due Date for such Loan next succeeding the date of
its receipt of such Liquidation Proceeds, to pay to itself out of such
excess the amount of any unpaid Servicing Fee and any assumption fees, late
payment charges, or other charges on the related Loan;
(iv)
in the event it has elected not to pay itself the Servicing Fee out
of the interest component of any Scheduled Payment, late payment or
other recovery with respect to a particular Loan prior to the deposit of
such Scheduled Payment, late payment or recovery into the Collection
Account, to pay to itself the Servicing Fee, as adjusted pursuant to the
related Agreement, from any such Scheduled Payment, late payment or such
other recovery, to the extent permitted by the related Agreement;
(v)
to reimburse itself for expenses incurred by and recoverable by or
reimbursable to it pursuant to the related Agreement;
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(vi)
to pay to the applicable person with respect to each Primary Asset or
REO Property acquired in respect thereof that has been repurchased or
removed from the Trust Fund by the Depositor, the Servicer or the Seller
pursuant to the related Agreement, all amounts received thereon and not
distributed as of the date on which the related repurchase price was
determined;
(vii)
to make payments to the Trustee of such Series for deposit into the
Distribution Account, if any, or for remittance to the Holders of
such Series in the amounts and in the manner provided for in the related
Agreement; and
(viii)
to clear and terminate the Collection Account pursuant to the related
Agreement.
In addition, if the Servicer deposits in the Collection Account for a Series
any amount not required to be deposited therein, it may, at any time, withdraw
such amount from such Collection Account.
ADVANCES AND LIMITATIONS THEREON
The related Prospectus Supplement will describe the circumstances, if any,
under which the Servicer will make Advances with respect to delinquent payments
on Loans. If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer will
be obligated to make Advances, and such obligation may be limited in amount, or
may not be activated until a certain portion of a specified Reserve Fund is
depleted. Advances are intended to provide liquidity and, except to the extent
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, not to guarantee or insure
against losses. Accordingly, any funds advanced are recoverable by the Servicer
out of amounts received on particular Loans which represent late recoveries of
principal or interest, proceeds of insurance policies or Liquidation Proceeds
respecting which any such Advance was made. If an Advance is made and
subsequently determined to be nonrecoverable from late collections, proceeds of
insurance policies, or Liquidation Proceeds from the related Loan, the Servicer
may be entitled to reimbursement from other funds in the Collection Account or
Distribution Account, as the case may be, or from a specified Reserve Fund as
applicable, to the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
MAINTENANCE OF INSURANCE POLICIES AND OTHER SERVICING PROCEDURES
STANDARD HAZARD INSURANCE; FLOOD INSURANCE. Except as otherwise specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer will be required to maintain
or to cause the obligor on each Loan to maintain a standard hazard insurance
policy providing coverage of the standard form of fire insurance with extended
coverage for certain other hazards as is customary in the state in which the
related Property is located. The standard hazard insurance policies will provide
for coverage at least equal to the applicable state standard form of fire
insurance policy with extended coverage for property of the type securing the
related Loans. In general, the standard form of fire and extended coverage
policy will cover physical damage to or destruction of, the related Property
caused by fire, lightning, explosion, smoke, windstorm, hail, riot, strike and
civil commotion, subject to the conditions and exclusions particularized in each
policy. Because the standard hazard insurance policies relating to the Loans
will be underwritten by different hazard insurers and will cover Properties
located in various states, such policies will not contain identical terms and
conditions. The basic terms, however, generally will be determined by state law
and generally will be similar. Most such policies typically will not cover any
physical damage resulting from war, revolution, governmental actions, floods and
other water-related causes, earth movement (including earthquakes, landslides
and mudflows),
nuclear reaction, wet or dry rot, vermin, rodents, insects or domestic animals,
theft and, in certain cases, vandalism. The foregoing list is merely indicative
of certain kinds of uninsured risks and is not intended to be all inclusive.
Uninsured risks not covered by a special hazard insurance policy or other form
of Enhancement will adversely affect distributions to Holders. When a Property
securing a Loan is located in a flood area identified by HUD pursuant to the
Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, as amended, the Servicer will be required
to cause flood insurance to be maintained with respect to such Property, to the
extent available.
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The standard hazard insurance policies covering Properties securing Loans
typically will contain a "coinsurance" clause which, in effect, will require the
insured at all times to carry hazard insurance of a specified percentage
(generally 80% to 90%) of the full replacement value of the Property, including
the improvements on any Property, in order to recover the full amount of any
partial loss. If the insured's coverage falls below this specified percentage,
such clause will provide that the hazard insurer's liability in the event of
partial loss will not exceed the greater of (i) the actual cash value (the
replacement cost less physical depreciation) of the Property, including the
improvements, if any, damaged or destroyed or (ii) such proportion of the loss,
without deduction for depreciation, as the amount of insurance carried bears to
the specified percentage of the full replacement cost of such Property and
improvements. Since the amount of hazard insurance to be maintained on the
improvements securing the Loans declines as the principal balances owing thereon
decrease, and since the value of the Properties will fluctuate in value over
time, the effect of this requirement in the event of partial loss may be that
hazard insurance proceeds will be insufficient to restore fully the damage to
the affected Property.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, coverage
will be in an amount at least equal to the greater of (i) the amount necessary
to avoid the enforcement of any co-insurance clause contained in the policy or
(ii) the outstanding principal balance of the related Loan. Unless otherwise
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer will also maintain
on REO Property that secured a defaulted Loan and that has been acquired upon
foreclosure, deed in lieu of foreclosure, or repossession, a standard hazard
insurance policy in an amount that is at least equal to the maximum insurable
value of such REO Property. No earthquake or other additional insurance will be
required of any obligor or will be maintained on REO Property acquired in
respect of a defaulted Loan, other than pursuant to such applicable laws and
regulations as shall at any time be in force and shall require such additional
insurance.
Any amounts collected by the Servicer under any such policies of insurance
(other than amounts to be applied to the restoration or repair of the Property,
released to the obligor in accordance with normal servicing procedures or used
to reimburse the Servicer for amounts to which it is entitled to reimbursement)
will be deposited in the Collection Account. In the event that the Servicer
obtains and maintains a blanket policy insuring against hazard losses on all of
the Loans, written by an insurer then acceptable to each Rating Agency which
assigns a rating to such Series, it will conclusively be deemed to have
satisfied its obligations to cause to be maintained a standard hazard insurance
policy for each Loan or related REO Property. This blanket policy may contain a
deductible clause, in which case the Servicer will be required, in the event
that there has been a loss that would have been covered by such policy absent
such deductible clause, to deposit in the Collection Account the amount not
otherwise payable under the blanket policy because of the application of such
deductible clause.
REALIZATION UPON DEFAULTED LOANS
The Servicer will use its reasonable best efforts to foreclose upon,
repossess or otherwise comparably convert the ownership of the Properties
securing the related Loans as come into and continue in default and as to which
no satisfactory arrangements can be made for collection of delinquent payments.
In connection with such foreclosure or other conversion, the Servicer will
follow such practices and procedures as it deems necessary or advisable and as
are normal and usual in its servicing activities with respect to comparable
loans serviced by it. However, the Servicer will not be required to expend its
own funds in connection with any foreclosure or towards the restoration of the
Property unless it determines that (i) such restoration or foreclosure will
increase the Liquidation Proceeds in respect of the related Loan available to
the Holders after reimbursement to itself for such expenses and (ii) such
expenses will be recoverable by it either through Liquidation Proceeds or the
proceeds of insurance. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, in the
case of a Trust Fund for which a REMIC election has been made, the Servicer will
be required to liquidate any Property acquired through foreclosure within two
years after the acquisition of the beneficial ownership
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of such Property. While the holder of a Property acquired through foreclosure
can often maximize its recovery by providing financing to a new purchaser, the
Trust Fund, if applicable, will have no ability to do so and neither the
Servicer nor the Depositor will be required to do so.
The Servicer may arrange with the obligor on a defaulted Loan a modification
of such Loan (a "Modification") to the extent provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Such Modifications may only be entered into if they meet the
underwriting policies and procedures employed by the Servicer in servicing
receivables for its own account and meet the other conditions set forth in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
ENFORCEMENT OF DUE-ON-SALE CLAUSES
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement for a
Series, when any Property is about to be conveyed by the obligor, the Servicer
will, to the extent it has knowledge of such prospective conveyance and prior to
the time of the consummation of such conveyance, exercise its rights to
accelerate the maturity of the related Loan under the applicable "due-on-sale"
clause, if any, unless it reasonably believes that such clause is not
enforceable under applicable law or if the enforcement of such clause would
result in loss of coverage under any primary mortgage insurance policy. In such
event, the Servicer is authorized to accept from or enter into an assumption
agreement with the person to whom such property has been or is about to be
conveyed, pursuant to which such person becomes liable under the Loan and
pursuant to which the original obligor is released from liability and such
person is substituted as the obligor and becomes liable under the Loan. Any fee
collected in connection with an assumption will be retained by the Servicer as
additional servicing compensation. The terms of a Loan may not be changed in
connection with an assumption.
SERVICING COMPENSATION AND PAYMENT OF EXPENSES
Except as otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Servicer will be entitled to a periodic fee as servicing compensation (the
"Servicing Fee") in an amount to be determined as specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. The Servicing Fee may be fixed or variable, as specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement. In addition, unless otherwise specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer will be entitled to servicing
compensation in the form of assumption fees, late payment charges and similar
items, or excess proceeds following disposition of Property in connection with
defaulted Loans.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Servicer will pay certain expenses incurred in connection with the servicing of
the Loans, including, without limitation, the payment of the fees and expenses
of the Trustee and independent accountants, payment of insurance policy premiums
and the cost of credit support, if any, and payment of expenses incurred in
preparation of reports to Holders.
When an obligor makes a principal prepayment in full between Due Dates on
the related Loan, the obligor will generally be required to pay interest on the
amount prepaid only to the date of prepayment. If and to the extent provided in
the related Prospectus Supplement in order that one or more Classes of the
Holders of a Series will not be adversely affected by any resulting shortfall in
interest, the amount of the Servicing Fee may be reduced to the extent necessary
to include in the Servicer's remittance to the Trustee for deposit into the
Distribution Account an amount equal to one month's interest on the related Loan
(less the Servicing Fee). If the aggregate amount of such shortfalls in a month
exceeds the Servicing Fee for such month, a shortfall to Holders may occur.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Servicer will be entitled to reimbursement for certain expenses incurred by it
in connection with the liquidation of defaulted Loans. The related Holders will
suffer no loss by reason of such expenses to the extent expenses are covered
under related insurance policies or from excess Liquidation Proceeds. If claims
are either not made or paid under the applicable insurance policies or if
coverage thereunder has been exhausted, the related Holders will suffer a loss
to the extent that Liquidation Proceeds, after reimbursement of the Servicer's
expenses, are less
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than the outstanding principal balance of and unpaid interest on the related
Loan which would be distributable to Holders. In addition, the Servicer will be
entitled to reimbursement of expenditures incurred by it in connection with the
restoration of property securing a defaulted Loan, such right of reimbursement
being prior to the rights of the Holders to receive any related proceeds of
insurance policies, Liquidation Proceeds or amounts derived from other
Enhancement. The Servicer is generally also entitled to reimbursement from the
Collection Account for Advances.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the rights
of the Servicer to receive funds from the Collection Account for a Series,
whether as the Servicing Fee or other compensation, or for the reimbursement of
Advances, expenses or otherwise, are not subordinate to the rights of Holders of
such Series.
EVIDENCE AS TO COMPLIANCE
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the applicable
Agreement for each Series will provide that each year, a firm of independent
public accountants will furnish a statement to the Trustee to the effect that
such firm has examined certain documents and records relating to the servicing
of the Loans by the Servicer and that, on the basis of such examination, such
firm is of the opinion that the servicing has been conducted in compliance with
such Agreement, except for (i) such exceptions as such firm believes to be
immaterial and (ii) such other exceptions as are set forth in such statement.
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the applicable
Agreement for each Series will also provide for delivery to the Trustee for such
Series of an annual statement signed by an officer of the Servicer to the effect
that the Servicer has fulfilled its obligations under such Agreement throughout
the preceding calendar year.
CERTAIN MATTERS REGARDING THE SERVICER
The Servicer for each Series will be identified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The Servicer may be an affiliate of the Depositor and may have other
business relationships with the Depositor and its affiliates.
If an Event of Default occurs under either a Servicing Agreement or a
Pooling and Servicing Agreement, the Servicer may be replaced by the Trustee or
a successor Servicer. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, such Events of Default and the rights of the Trustee upon such a
default under the Agreement for the related Series will be substantially similar
to those described under "THE AGREEMENTS -- Events of Default; Rights Upon
Events of Default -- POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT; SERVICING AGREEMENT"
herein.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Servicer does not have the right to assign its rights and delegate its duties
and obligations under the related Agreement for each Series unless the successor
Servicer accepting such assignment or delegation (i) services similar loans in
the ordinary course of its business, (ii) is reasonably satisfactory to the
Trustee for the related Series, (iii) has a net worth of not less than the
amount specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, (iv) would not cause any
Rating Agency's rating of the Securities for such Series in effect immediately
prior to such assignment, sale or transfer to be qualified, downgraded or
withdrawn as a result of such assignment, sale or transfer and (v) executes and
delivers to the Trustee an agreement, in form and substance reasonably
satisfactory to the Trustee, which contains an assumption by such Servicer of
the due and punctual performance and observance of each covenant and condition
to be performed or observed by the Servicer under the related Agreement from and
after the date of such agreement. No such assignment will become effective until
the Trustee or a successor Servicer has assumed the servicer's obligations and
duties under the related Agreement. To the extent that the Servicer transfers
its obligations to a wholly-owned subsidiary or affiliate, such subsidiary or
affiliate need not satisfy the criteria set forth above; however, in such
instance, the assigning Servicer will remain liable for the servicing
obligations under the related Agreement. Any entity into which
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the Servicer is merged or consolidated or any successor corporation resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation will succeed to the Servicer's
obligations under the related Agreement provided that such successor or
surviving entity meets the requirements for a successor Servicer set forth
above.
Except to the extent otherwise provided therein, each Agreement will provide
that neither the Servicer, nor any director, officer, employee or agent of the
Servicer, will be under any liability to the related Trust Fund, the Depositor
or the Holders for any action taken or for failing to take any action in good
faith pursuant to the related Agreement, or for errors in judgment; provided,
however, that neither the Servicer nor any such person will be protected against
any breach of warranty or representations made under such Agreement or the
failure to perform its obligations in compliance with any standard of care set
forth in such Agreement, or liability which would otherwise be imposed by reason
of willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of their
duties or by reason of reckless disregard of their obligations and duties
thereunder. Each Agreement will further provide that the Servicer and any
director, officer, employee or agent of the Servicer is entitled to
indemnification from the related Trust Fund and will be held harmless against
any loss, liability or expense incurred in connection with any legal action
relating to the Agreement or the Securities, other than any loss, liability or
expense incurred by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in
the performance of duties thereunder or by reason of reckless disregard of
obligations and duties thereunder. In addition, the related Agreement will
provide that the Servicer is not under any obligation to appear in, prosecute or
defend any legal action which is not incidental to its servicing
responsibilities under such Agreement which, in its opinion, may involve it in
any expense or liability. The Servicer may, in its discretion, undertake any
such action which it may deem necessary or desirable with respect to the related
Agreement and the rights and duties of the parties thereto and the interests of
the Holders thereunder. In such event the legal expenses and costs of such
action and any liability resulting therefrom may be expenses, costs, and
liabilities of the Trust Fund and the Servicer may be entitled to be reimbursed
therefor out of the Collection Account.
THE AGREEMENTS
The following summaries describe certain provisions of the Agreements. The
summaries do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and qualified in
their entirety by reference to, the provisions of the Agreements. Where
particular provisions or terms used in the Agreements are referred to, such
provisions or terms are as specified in the related Agreements.
ASSIGNMENT OF PRIMARY ASSETS
GENERAL. At the time of issuance of the Securities of a Series, the
Depositor will transfer, convey and assign to the Trust Fund all right, title
and interest of the Depositor in the Primary Assets and other property to be
transferred to the Trust Fund for a Series. Such assignment will include all
principal and interest due on or with respect to the Primary Assets after the
Cut-off Date specified in the related Prospectus Supplement (except for any
Retained Interests). The Trustee will, concurrently with such assignment,
execute and deliver the Securities.
ASSIGNMENT OF LOANS. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Depositor will, as to each Loan, deliver or cause to be
delivered to the Trustee, or, as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
a custodian on behalf of the Trustee (the "Custodian"), the Mortgage Note
endorsed without recourse to the order of the Trustee or in blank, the original
Mortgage with evidence of recording indicated thereon (except for any Mortgage
not returned from the public recording office, in which case a copy of such
Mortgage will be delivered, together with a certificate that the original of
such Mortgage was delivered to such recording office) and an assignment of the
Mortgage in recordable form. The Trustee, or, if so specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Custodian, will hold such documents in trust for the
benefit of the Holders.
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Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Depositor will as to each Home Improvement Contract deliver or cause to be
delivered to the Trustee (or the Custodian) the original Home Improvement
Contract and copies of documents and instruments related to each Home
Improvement Contract and, other than in the case of unsecured Home Improvement
Contracts, the security interest in the property securing such Home Improvement
Contract. In order to give notice of the right, title and interest of
Securityholders to the Home Improvement Contracts, the Depositor will cause a
UCC-1 financing statement to be executed by the Depositor or the Seller
identifying the Trustee as the secured party and identifying all Home
Improvement Contracts as collateral. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Home Improvement Contracts will not be stamped or
otherwise marked to reflect their assignment to the Trust. Therefore, if,
through negligence, fraud or otherwise, a subsequent purchaser were able to take
physical possession of the Home Improvement Contracts without notice of such
assignment, the interest of Securityholders in the Home Improvement Contracts
could be defeated. See "CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE LOANS -- The Home
Improvement Contracts."
With respect to Loans secured by Mortgages, if so specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor will, at the time of issuance of the
Securities, cause assignments to the Trustee of the Mortgages relating to the
Loans for a Series to be recorded in the appropriate public office for real
property records, except in states where, in the opinion of counsel acceptable
to the Trustee, such recording is not required to protect the Trustee's interest
in the related Loans. If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Depositor will cause such assignments to be so recorded within the time after
issuance of the Securities as is specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
in which event, the Agreement may, as specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, require the Depositor to repurchase from the Trustee any Loan the
related Mortgage of which is not recorded within such time, at the price
described below with respect to repurchases by reason of defective
documentation. Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement,
the enforcement of the repurchase obligation would constitute the sole remedy
available to the Holders or the Trustee for the failure of a Mortgage to be
recorded.
Each Loan will be identified in a schedule appearing as an exhibit to the
related Agreement (the "Loan Schedule"). Such Loan Schedule will specify with
respect to each Loan: the original principal amount and unpaid principal balance
as of the Cut-off Date; the current interest rate; the current Scheduled Payment
of principal and interest; the maturity date, if any, of the related Mortgage
Note; if the Loan is an adjustable rate Loan, the Lifetime Rate Cap, if any, and
the current index.
ASSIGNMENT OF PRIVATE SECURITIES. The Depositor will cause Private
Securities to be registered in the name of the Trustee (or its nominee or
correspondent). The Trustee (or its nominee or correspondent) will have
possession of any certificated Private Securities. Unless otherwise specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the Trustee will not be in possession of or
be assignee of record of any underlying assets for a Private Security. See "THE
TRUST FUNDS -- Private Securities" herein. Each Private Security will be
identified in a schedule appearing as an exhibit to the related Agreement (the
"Certificate Schedule"), which will specify the original principal amount,
outstanding principal balance as of the Cut-off Date, annual pass-through rate
or interest rate and maturity date for each Private Security conveyed to the
Trust Fund. In the Agreement, the Depositor will represent and warrant to the
Trustee regarding the Private Securities: (i) that the information contained in
the Certificate Schedule is true and correct in all material respects; (ii)
that, immediately prior to the conveyance of the Private Securities, the
Depositor had good title thereto, and was the sole owner thereof (subject to any
Retained Interest); (iii) that there has been no other sale by it of such
Private Securities; and (iv) that there is no existing lien, charge, security
interest or other encumbrance (other than any Retained Interest) on such Private
Securities.
REPURCHASE AND SUBSTITUTION OF NON-CONFORMING PRIMARY ASSETS. Unless
otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, if any document in the
file relating to the Primary Assets delivered by the Depositor to the Trustee
(or Custodian) is found by the Trustee within 90 days of the execution of the
related Agreement (or promptly after the Trustee's receipt of any document
permitted to be delivered after the Closing Date) to be defective in any
material respect and the Depositor or Seller does not cure such defect within 90
days, or within such other period specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Depositor or
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Seller will, not later than 90 days or within such other period specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, after the Trustee's notice to the Depositor or
the Seller, as the case may be, of the defect, repurchase the related Primary
Asset or any property acquired in respect thereof from the Trustee at a price
equal to, unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, (a)
the lesser of (i) the outstanding principal balance of such Primary Asset and
(ii) the Trust Fund's federal income tax basis in the Primary Asset and (b)
accrued and unpaid interest to the date of the next scheduled payment on such
Primary Asset at the rate set forth in the related Agreement, provided, however,
the purchase price shall not be limited in (i) above to the Trust Fund's federal
income tax basis if the repurchase at a price equal to the outstanding principal
balance of such Primary Asset will not result in any prohibited transaction tax
under Section 860F(a) of the Code.
If provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor or Seller,
as the case may be, may, rather than repurchase the Primary Asset as described
above, remove such Primary Asset from the Trust Fund (the "Deleted Primary
Asset") and substitute in its place one or more other Primary Assets (each, a
"Qualifying Substitute Primary Asset") provided, however, that (i) with respect
to a Trust Fund for which no REMIC election is made, such substitution must be
effected within 120 days of the date of initial issuance of the Securities and
(ii) with respect to a Trust Fund for which a REMIC election is made, after a
specified time period, the Trustee must have received a satisfactory opinion of
counsel that such substitution will not cause the Trust Fund to lose its status
as a REMIC or otherwise subject the Trust Fund to a prohibited transaction tax.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, any
Qualifying Substitute Primary Asset will have, on the date of substitution, (i)
an outstanding principal balance, after deduction of all Scheduled Payments due
in the month of substitution, not in excess of the outstanding principal balance
of the Deleted Primary Asset (the amount of any shortfall to be deposited to the
Collection Account in the month of substitution for distribution to Holders),
(ii) an interest rate not less than (and not more than 2% greater than) the
interest rate of the Deleted Primary Asset, (iii) a remaining term-to-stated
maturity not greater than (and not more than two years less than) that of the
Deleted Primary Asset, and will comply with all of the representations and
warranties set forth in the applicable Agreement as of the date of substitution.
Unless otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
above-described cure, repurchase or substitution obligations constitute the sole
remedies available to the Holders or the Trustee for a material defect in a
document for a Primary Asset.
The Depositor or another entity will make representations and warranties
with respect to Primary Assets for a Series. If the Depositor or such entity
cannot cure a breach of any such representations and warranties in all material
respects within the time period specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
after notification by the Trustee of such breach, and if such breach is of a
nature that materially and adversely affects the value of such Primary Asset,
the Depositor or such entity is obligated to repurchase the affected Primary
Asset or, if provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, provide a Qualifying
Substitute Primary Asset therefor, subject to the same conditions and
limitations on purchases and substitutions as described above.
The Depositor's only source of funds to effect any cure, repurchase or
substitution will be through the enforcement of the corresponding obligations,
if any, of the responsible originator or Seller of such Primary Assets. See
"SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS -- Limited Assets."
No Holder of Securities of a Series, solely by virtue of such Holder's
status as a Holder, will have any right under the applicable Agreement for such
Series to institute any proceeding with respect to such Agreement, unless such
Holder previously has given to the Trustee for such Series written notice of
default and unless the Holders of Securities evidencing not less than 51% of the
aggregate voting rights of the Securities for such Series have made written
request upon the Trustee to institute such proceeding in its own name as Trustee
thereunder and have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity, and the Trustee
for 60 days has neglected or refused to institute any such proceeding.
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REPORTS TO HOLDERS
The Trustee or other entity specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
will prepare and forward to each Holder on each Distribution Date, or as soon
thereafter as is practicable, a statement setting forth, to the extent
applicable to any Series, among other things:
(i)
the amount of principal distributed to Holders of the related
Securities and the outstanding principal balance of such Securities
following such distribution;
(ii)
the amount of interest distributed to Holders of the related
Securities and the current interest on such Securities;
(iii)
the amounts of (a) any overdue accrued interest included in such
distribution, (b) any remaining overdue accrued interest with respect
to such Securities or (c) any current shortfall in amounts to be distributed
as accrued interest to Holders of such Securities;
(iv)
the amounts of (a) any overdue payments of scheduled principal
included in such distribution, (b) any remaining overdue principal
amounts with respect to such Securities, (c) any current shortfall in
receipt of scheduled principal payments on the related Primary Assets or (d)
any realized losses or Liquidation Proceeds to be allocated as reductions in
the outstanding principal balances of such Securities;
(v)
the amount received under any related Enhancement, and the remaining
amount available under such Enhancement;
(vi)
the amount of any delinquencies with respect to payments on the
related Primary Assets;
(vii)
the book value of any REO Property acquired by the related Trust
Fund; and
(viii)
such other information as specified in the related Agreement.
In addition, within a reasonable period of time after the end of each
calendar year the Trustee, unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, will furnish to each Holder of record at any time during such
calendar year (a) the aggregate of amounts reported pursuant to (i), (ii), and
(iv)(d) above for such calendar year and (b) such information specified in the
related Agreement to enable Holders to prepare their tax returns including,
without limitation, the amount of original issue discount accrued on the
Securities, if applicable. Information in the Distribution Date and annual
statements provided to the Holders will not have been examined and reported upon
by an independent public accountant. However, the Servicer will provide to the
Trustee a report by independent public accountants with respect to the
Servicer's servicing of the Loans. See "SERVICING OF LOANS -- Evidence as to
Compliance" herein.
If so specified in the Prospectus Supplement for a Series of Securities,
such Series or one or more Classes of such Series will be issued in book-entry
form. In such event, owners of beneficial interests in such Securities will not
be considered Holders and will not receive such reports directly from the
Trustee. The Trustee will forward such reports only to the entity or its nominee
which is the registered holder of the global certificate which evidences such
book-entry securities. Beneficial owners will receive such reports from the
participants and indirect participants of the applicable book-entry system in
accordance with the practices and procedures of such entities.
EVENTS OF DEFAULT; RIGHTS UPON EVENT OF DEFAULT
POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT; SERVICING AGREEMENT. Unless otherwise
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, Events of Default under the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement for each Series of Certificates relating to
Loans include (i) any failure by the Servicer to deposit amounts in the
Collection Account and Distribution Account to enable the Trustee to distribute
to Holders of such Series any required payment, which failure continues
unremedied for the number of days specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
after the giving of written notice of such failure to the Servicer by the
Trustee for such Series, or
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to the Servicer and the Trustee by the Holders of such Series evidencing not
less than 25% of the aggregate voting rights of the Securities for such Series,
(ii) any failure by the Servicer duly to observe or perform in any material
respect any other of its covenants or agreements in the applicable Agreement
which continues unremedied for the number of days specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement after the giving of written notice of such failure to the
Servicer by the Trustee, or to the Servicer and the Trustee by the Holders of
such Series evidencing not less than 25% of the aggregate voting rights of the
Securities for such Series, and (iii) certain events of insolvency, readjustment
of debt, marshalling of assets and liabilities or similar proceedings and
certain actions by the Servicer indicating its insolvency, reorganization or
inability to pay its obligations.
So long as an Event of Default remains unremedied under the applicable
Agreement for a Series of Securities relating to the servicing of Loans, unless
otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Trustee for such
Series or Holders of Securities of such Series evidencing not less than 51% of
the aggregate voting rights of the Securities for such Series may terminate all
of the rights and obligations of the Servicer as servicer under the applicable
Agreement (other than its right to recovery of other expenses and amounts
advanced pursuant to the terms of such Agreement which rights the Servicer will
retain under all circumstances), whereupon the Trustee will succeed to all the
responsibilities, duties and liabilities of the Servicer under such Agreement
and will be entitled to reasonable servicing compensation not to exceed the
applicable servicing fee, together with other servicing compensation in the form
of assumption fees, late payment charges or otherwise as provided in such
Agreement.
In the event that the Trustee is unwilling or unable so to act, it may
select, or petition a court of competent jurisdiction to appoint, a finance
institution, bank or loan servicing institution with a net worth specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement to act as successor Servicer under the
provisions of the applicable Agreement. The successor Servicer would be entitled
to reasonable servicing compensation in an amount not to exceed the Servicing
Fee as set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement, together with the other
servicing compensation in the form of assumption fees, late payment charges or
otherwise, as provided in such Agreement.
During the continuance of any Event of Default of a Servicer under an
Agreement for a Series of Securities, the Trustee for such Series will have the
right to take action to enforce its rights and remedies and to protect and
enforce the rights and remedies of the Holders of such Series, and, unless
otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, Holders of Securities
evidencing not less than 51% of the aggregate voting rights of the Securities
for such Series may direct the time, method and place of conducting any
proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or
power conferred upon that Trustee. However, the Trustee will not be under any
obligation to pursue any such remedy or to exercise any of such trusts or powers
unless such Holders have offered the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity
against the cost, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred by the Trustee
therein or thereby. The Trustee may decline to follow any such direction if the
Trustee determines that the action or proceeding so directed may not lawfully be
taken or would involve it in personal liability or be unjustly prejudicial to
the nonassenting Holders.
INDENTURE. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
Events of Default under the Indenture for each Series of Notes include: (i) a
default for thirty (30) days or more in the payment of any principal of or
interest on any Note of such Series; (ii) failure to perform any other covenant
of the Depositor or the Trust Fund in the Indenture which continues for a period
of sixty (60) days after notice thereof is given in accordance with the
procedures described in the related Prospectus Supplement; (iii) any
representation or warranty made by the Depositor or the Trust Fund in the
Indenture or in any certificate or other writing delivered pursuant thereto or
in connection therewith with respect to or affecting such Series having been
incorrect in a material respect as of the time made, and such breach is not
cured within sixty (60) days after notice thereof is given in accordance with
the procedures described in the related Prospectus Supplement; (iv) certain
events of bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or liquidation of the Depositor
or the Trust Fund; or (v) any other Event of Default provided with respect to
Notes of that Series.
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If an Event of Default with respect to the Notes of any Series at the time
outstanding occurs and is continuing, either the Trustee or the Holders of a
majority of the then aggregate outstanding amount of the Notes of such Series
may declare the principal amount (or, if the Notes of that Series are Zero
Coupon Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in
the terms of that Series, as provided in the related Prospectus Supplement) of
all the Notes of such Series to be due and payable immediately. Such declaration
may, under certain circumstances, be rescinded and annulled by the Holders of a
majority in aggregate outstanding amount of the Notes of such Series.
If, following an Event of Default with respect to any Series of Notes, the
Notes of such Series have been declared to be due and payable, the Trustee may,
in its discretion, notwithstanding such acceleration, elect to maintain
possession of the collateral securing the Notes of such Series and to continue
to apply distributions on such collateral as if there had been no declaration of
acceleration if such collateral continues to provide sufficient funds for the
payment of principal of and interest on the Notes of such Series as they would
have become due if there had not been such a declaration. In addition, the
Trustee may not sell or otherwise liquidate the collateral securing the Notes of
a Series following an Event of Default other than a default in the payment of
any principal or interest on any Note of such Series for thirty (30) days or
more, unless (a) the Holders of 100% of the then aggregate outstanding amount of
the Notes of such Series consent to such sale, (b) the proceeds of such sale or
liquidation are sufficient to pay in full the principal of and accrued interest
due and unpaid on the outstanding Notes of such Series at the date of such sale
or (c) the Trustee determines that such collateral would not be sufficient on an
ongoing basis to make all payments on such Notes as such payments would have
become due if such Notes had not been declared due and payable, and the Trustee
obtains the consent of the Holders of 66 2/3% of the then aggregate outstanding
amount of the Notes of such Series.
In the event that the Trustee liquidates the collateral in connection with
an Event of Default involving a default for thirty (30) days or more in the
payment of principal of or interest on the Notes of a Series, the Indenture
provides that the Trustee will have a prior lien on the proceeds of any such
liquidation for unpaid fees and expenses. As a result, upon the occurrence of
such an Event of Default, the amount available for distribution to the
Noteholders may be less than would otherwise be the case. However, the Trustee
may not institute a proceeding for the enforcement of its lien except in
connection with a proceeding for the enforcement of the lien of the Indenture
for the benefit of the Noteholders after the occurrence of such an Event of
Default.
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, in the
event the principal of the Notes of a Series is declared due and payable, as
described above, the Holders of any such Notes issued at a discount from par may
be entitled to receive no more than an amount equal to the unpaid principal
amount thereof less the amount of such discount which is unamortized.
Subject to the provisions of the Indenture relating to the duties of the
Trustee, in case an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing with respect
to a Series of Notes, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of
the rights or powers under the Indenture at the request or direction of any of
the Holders of Notes of such Series, unless such Holders offered to the Trustee
security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and
liabilities which might be incurred by it in complying with such request or
direction. Subject to such provisions for indemnification and certain
limitations contained in the Indenture, the Holders of a majority of the then
aggregate outstanding amount of the Notes of such Series shall have the right to
direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy
available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the
Trustee with respect to the Notes of such Series, and the Holders of a majority
of the then aggregate outstanding amount of the Notes of such Series may, in
certain cases, waive any default with respect thereto, except a default in the
payment of principal or interest or a default in respect of a covenant or
provision of the Indenture that cannot be modified without the waiver or consent
of all the Holders of the outstanding Notes of such Series affected thereby.
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THE TRUSTEE
The identity of the commercial bank, savings and loan association or trust
company named as the Trustee for each Series of Securities will be set forth in
the related Prospectus Supplement. The entity serving as Trustee may have normal
banking relationships with the Depositor or the Servicer. In addition, for the
purpose of meeting the legal requirements of certain local jurisdictions, the
Trustee will have the power to appoint co-trustees or separate trustees of all
or any part of the Trust Fund relating to a Series of Securities. In the event
of such appointment, all rights, powers, duties and obligations conferred or
imposed upon the Trustee by the Agreement relating to such Series will be
conferred or imposed upon the Trustee and each such separate trustee or
co-trustee jointly, or, in any jurisdiction in which the Trustee shall be
incompetent or unqualified to perform certain acts, singly upon such separate
trustee or co-trustee who will exercise and perform such rights, powers, duties
and obligations solely at the direction of the Trustee. The Trustee may also
appoint agents to perform any of the responsibilities of the Trustee, which
agents will have any or all of the rights, powers, duties and obligations of the
Trustee conferred on them by such appointment; provided that the Trustee will
continue to be responsible for its duties and obligations under the Agreement.
DUTIES OF THE TRUSTEE
The Trustee will not make any representations as to the validity or
sufficiency of the Agreement, the Securities or of any Primary Asset or related
documents. If no Event of Default (as defined in the related Agreement) has
occurred, the Trustee is required to perform only those duties specifically
required of it under the Agreement. Upon receipt of the various certificates,
statements, reports or other instruments required to be furnished to it, the
Trustee is required to examine them to determine whether they are in the form
required by the related Agreement. However, the Trustee will not be responsible
for the accuracy or content of any such documents furnished to it by the Holders
or the Servicer under the Agreement.
The Trustee may be held liable for its own negligent action or failure to
act, or for its own misconduct; provided, however, that the Trustee will not be
personally liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be
taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders in an
Event of Default. The Trustee is not required to expend or risk its own funds or
otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties
under the Agreement, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it
has reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate
indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.
RESIGNATION OF TRUSTEE
The Trustee may, upon written notice to the Depositor, resign at any time,
in which event the Depositor will be obligated to use its best efforts to
appoint a successor Trustee. If no successor Trustee has been appointed and has
accepted the appointment within 30 days after the giving of such notice of
resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for appointment of a successor Trustee. The Trustee may also be
removed at any time (i) if the Trustee ceases to be eligible to continue as such
under the Agreement, (ii) if the Trustee becomes insolvent or (iii) by the
Holders of Securities evidencing over 50% of the aggregate voting rights of the
Securities in the Trust Fund upon written notice to the Trustee and to the
Depositor. Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a
successor Trustee will not become effective until acceptance of the appointment
by the successor Trustee.
AMENDMENT OF AGREEMENT
Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement, the Agreement for
each Series of Securities may be amended by the Depositor, the Servicer (with
respect to a Series relating to Loans), and the Trustee with respect to such
Series, without notice to or consent of the Holders (i) to cure any ambiguity,
(ii) to correct any defective provisions or to correct or supplement any
provision therein, (iii) to add to the duties of the Depositor, the Trust Fund
or Servicer, (iv) to add any other provisions with respect to matters or
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questions arising under such Agreement or related Enhancement, (v) to add or
amend any provisions of such Agreement as required by a Rating Agency in order
to maintain or improve the rating of the Securities (it being understood that
none of the Depositor, the Seller, the Servicer or Trustee is obligated to
maintain or improve such rating), or (vi) to comply with any requirements
imposed by the Code; provided that any such amendment except pursuant to clause
(vi) above will not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of
any Holders of such Series, as evidenced by an opinion of counsel. Any such
amendment except pursuant to clause (vi) of the preceding sentence shall be
deemed not to adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any
Holder if the Trustee receives written confirmation from each Rating Agency
rating such Securities that such amendment will not cause such Rating Agency to
reduce the then current rating thereof. Unless otherwise specified in the
Prospectus Supplement, the Agreement for each Series may also be amended by the
Trustee, the Servicer, if applicable, and the Depositor with respect to such
Series with the consent of the Holders possessing not less than 66 2/3% of the
aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Securities of such Series or, if
only certain Classes of such Series are affected by such amendment, 66 2/3% of
the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Securities of each Class of
such Series affected thereby, for the purpose of adding any provisions to or
changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of such Agreement or
modifying in any manner the rights of Holders of such Series; provided, however,
that no such amendment may (a) reduce the amount or delay the timing of payments
on any Security without the consent of the Holder of such Security; or (b)
reduce the aforesaid percentage of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of
Securities of each Class, the Holders of which are required to consent to any
such amendment without the consent of the Holders of 100% of the aggregate
outstanding principal amount of each Class of Securities affected thereby.
VOTING RIGHTS
The related Prospectus Supplement will set forth the method of determining
allocation of voting rights with respect to a Series.
LIST OF HOLDERS
Upon written request of three or more Holders of record of a Series for
purposes of communicating with other Holders with respect to their rights under
the Agreement, which request is accompanied by a copy of the communication which
such Holders propose to transmit, the Trustee will afford such Holders access
during business hours to the most recent list of Holders of that Series held by
the Trustee.
No Agreement will provide for the holding of any annual or other meeting of
Holders.
BOOK-ENTRY SECURITIES
If specified in the Prospectus Supplement for a Series of Securities, such
Series or one or more Classes of such Series may be issued in book-entry form.
In such event, beneficial owners of such Securities will not be considered
"Holders" under the Agreements and may exercise the rights of Holders only
indirectly through the participants in the applicable book-entry system.
REMIC ADMINISTRATOR
For any Series with respect to which a REMIC election is made, preparation
of certain reports and certain other administrative duties with respect to the
Trust Fund may be performed by a REMIC administrator, who may be an affiliate of
the Depositor.
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TERMINATION
POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT; TRUST AGREEMENT. The obligations created
by the Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement for a Series will
terminate upon the distribution to Holders of all amounts distributable to them
pursuant to such Agreement after the earlier of (i) the later of (a) the final
payment or other liquidation of the last Primary Asset remaining in the Trust
Fund for such Series and (b) the disposition of all property acquired upon
foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure or repossession in respect of any
Primary Asset or (ii) the repurchase, as described below, by the Servicer or
other entity specified in the related Prospectus Supplement from the Trustee for
such Series of all Primary Assets and other property at that time subject to
such Agreement. The Agreement for each Series permits, but does not require, the
Servicer or other entity specified in the related Prospectus Supplement to
purchase from the Trust Fund for such Series all remaining Primary Assets at a
price equal to, unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
100% of the aggregate Principal Balance of such Primary Assets plus, with
respect to any property acquired in respect of a Primary Asset, if any, the
outstanding Principal Balance of the related Primary Asset at the time of
foreclosure, less, in either case, related unreimbursed Advances (in the case of
the Primary Assets, only to the extent not already reflected in the computation
of the aggregate Principal Balance of such Primary Assets) and unreimbursed
expenses (that are reimbursable pursuant to the terms of the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement) plus, in either case, accrued interest thereon at the
weighted average rate on the related Primary Assets through the last day of the
Due Period in which such repurchase occurs; provided, however, that if an
election is made for treatment as a REMIC under the Code, the repurchase price
may equal the greater of (a) 100% of the aggregate Principal Balance of such
Primary Assets, plus accrued interest thereon at the applicable net rates on the
Primary Assets through the last day of the month of such repurchase and (b) the
aggregate fair market value of such Primary Assets plus the fair market value of
any property acquired in respect of a Primary Asset and remaining in the Trust
Fund. The exercise of such right will effect early retirement of the Securities
of such Series, but such entity's right to so purchase is subject to the
aggregate Principal Balance of the Primary Assets at the time of repurchase
being less than a fixed percentage, to be set forth in the related Prospectus
Supplement, of the aggregate Principal Balance of the Primary Assets as of the
Cut-off Date. In no event, however, will the trust created by the Agreement
continue beyond the expiration of 21 years from the death of the last survivor
of certain persons identified therein. For each Series, the Servicer or the
Trustee, as applicable, will give written notice of termination of the Agreement
to each Holder, and the final distribution will be made only upon surrender and
cancellation of the Securities at an office or agency specified in the notice of
termination. If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement for a Series,
the Depositor or another entity may effect an optional termination of the Trust
Fund under the circumstances described in such Prospectus Supplement. See
"DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES -- Optional Redemption, Purchase or Termination"
herein.
INDENTURE. The Indenture will be discharged with respect to a Series of
Notes (except with respect to certain continuing rights specified in the
Indenture) upon the delivery to the Trustee for cancellation of all the Notes of
such Series or, with certain limitations, upon deposit with the Trustee of funds
sufficient for the payment in full of all of the Notes of such Series.
In addition to such discharge with certain limitations, the Indenture will
provide that, if so specified with respect to the Notes of any Series, the
related Trust Fund will be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of
the Notes of such Series (except for certain obligations relating to temporary
Notes and exchange of Notes, to register the transfer of or exchange Notes of
such Series, to replace stolen, lost or mutilated Notes of such Series, to
maintain paying agencies and to hold monies for payment in trust) upon the
deposit with the Trustee, in trust, of money and/or direct obligations of or
obligations guaranteed by the United States of America which, through the
payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their
terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay the principal of and
each installment of interest on the Notes of such Series on the Final Scheduled
Distribution Date for such Notes and any installment of interest on such Notes
in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and the Notes of such Series. In
the event of any such defeasance and discharge of Notes of such Series, holders
of Notes of such Series would be able to look only to such money and/or direct
obligations for payment of principal and interest, if any, on their Notes until
maturity.
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CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF LOANS
The following discussion contains summaries of certain legal aspects of
mortgage loans, home improvement installment sales contracts and home
improvement installment loan agreements which are general in nature. Because
certain of such legal aspects are governed by applicable state law (which laws
may differ substantially), the summaries do not purport to be complete nor
reflect the laws of any particular state, nor encompass the laws of all states
in which the properties securing the Loans are situated.
MORTGAGES
The Loans for a Series will, and certain Home Improvement Contracts for a
Series may, be secured by either mortgages or deeds of trust or deeds to secure
debt (such Mortgage Loans and Home Improvement Contracts are hereinafter
referred to in this section as "mortgage loans"), depending upon the prevailing
practice in the state in which the property subject to a mortgage loan is
located. The filing of a mortgage, deed of trust or deed to secure debt creates
a lien or title interest upon the real property covered by such instrument and
represents the security for the repayment of an obligation that is customarily
evidenced by a promissory note. It is not prior to the lien for real estate
taxes and assessments or other charges imposed under governmental police powers
and may also be subject to other liens pursuant to the laws of the jurisdiction
in which the Mortgaged Property is located. Priority with respect to such
instruments depends on their terms, the knowledge of the parties to the mortgage
and generally on the order of recording with the applicable state, county or
municipal office. There are two parties to a mortgage, the mortgagor, who is the
borrower/property owner or the land trustee (as described below), and the
mortgagee, who is the lender. Under the mortgage instrument, the mortgagor
delivers to the mortgagee a note or bond and the mortgage. In the case of a land
trust, there are three parties because title to the property is held by a land
trustee under a land trust agreement of which the borrower/property owner is the
beneficiary; at origination of a mortgage loan, the borrower executes a separate
undertaking to make payments on the mortgage note. A deed of trust transaction
normally has three parties: the trustor, who is the borrower/property owner; the
beneficiary, who is the lender; and the trustee, a third-party grantee. Under a
deed of trust, the trustor grants the property, irrevocably until the debt is
paid, in trust, generally with a power of sale, to the trustee to secure payment
of the obligation. The mortgagee's authority under a mortgage and the trustee's
authority under a deed of trust are governed by the law of the state in which
the real property is located, the express provisions of the mortgage or deed of
trust, and, in some cases, in deed of trust transactions, the directions of the
beneficiary.
FORECLOSURE ON MORTGAGES
Foreclosure of a mortgage is generally accomplished by judicial action.
Generally, the action is initiated by the service of legal pleadings upon all
parties having an interest of record in the real property. Delays in completion
of the foreclosure occasionally may result from difficulties in locating
necessary parties defendant. When the mortgagee's right to foreclosure is
contested, the legal proceedings necessary to resolve the issue can be
time-consuming and expensive. After the completion of a judicial foreclosure
proceeding, the court may issue a judgment of foreclosure and appoint a receiver
or other officer to conduct the sale of the property. In some states, mortgages
may also be foreclosed by advertisement, pursuant to a power of sale provided in
the mortgage. Foreclosure of a mortgage by advertisement is essentially similar
to foreclosure of a deed of trust by nonjudicial power of sale.
Foreclosure of a deed of trust is generally accomplished by a nonjudicial
trustee's sale under a specific provision in the deed of trust which authorizes
the trustee to sell the property upon any default by the borrower under the
terms of the note or deed of trust. In certain states, such foreclosure also may
be accomplished by judicial action in the manner provided for foreclosure of
mortgages. In some states, the trustee must record a notice of default and send
a copy to the borrower-trustor and to any person who has recorded a request for
a copy of a notice of default and notice of sale. In addition, the trustee in
some states must provide notice to any other individual having an interest in
the real property, including any junior lienholders. If the deed of trust is not
reinstated within any applicable cure period, a notice of sale must be
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posted in a public place and, in most states, published for a specified period
of time in one or more newspapers. In addition, some state laws require that a
copy of the notice of sale be posted on the property and sent to all parties
having an interest of record in the property. The trustor, borrower, or any
person having a junior encumbrance on the real estate, may, during a
reinstatement period, cure the default by paying the entire amount in arrears
plus the costs and expenses incurred in enforcing the obligation. Generally,
state law controls the amount of foreclosure expenses and costs, including
attorney's fees, which may be recovered by a lender. If the deed of trust is not
reinstated, a notice of sale must be posted in a public place and, in most
states, published for a specified period of time in one or more newspapers. In
addition, some state laws require that a copy of the notice of sale be posted on
the property, recorded and sent to all parties having an interest in the real
property.
An action to foreclose a mortgage is an action to recover the mortgage debt
by enforcing the mortgagee's rights under the mortgage. It is regulated by
statutes and rules and subject throughout to the court's equitable powers.
Generally, a mortgagor is bound by the terms of the related mortgage note and
the mortgage as made and cannot be relieved from his default if the mortgagee
has exercised his rights in a commercially reasonable manner. However, since a
foreclosure action historically was equitable in nature, the court may exercise
equitable powers to relieve a mortgagor of a default and deny the mortgagee
foreclosure on proof that either the mortgagor's default was neither willful nor
in bad faith or the mortgagee's action established a waiver, fraud, bad faith,
or oppressive or unconscionable conduct such as to warrant a court of equity to
refuse affirmative relief to the mortgagee. Under certain circumstances a court
of equity may relieve the mortgagor from an entirely technical default where
such default was not willful.
A foreclosure action is subject to most of the delays and expenses of other
lawsuits if defenses or counterclaims are interposed, sometimes requiring up to
several years to complete. Moreover, a non-collusive, regularly conducted
foreclosure sale may be challenged as a fraudulent conveyance, regardless of the
parties' intent, if a court determines that the sale was for less than fair
consideration and such sale occurred while the mortgagor was insolvent and
within one year (or within the state statute of limitations if the trustee in
bankruptcy elects to proceed under state fraudulent conveyance law) of the
filing of bankruptcy. Similarly, a suit against the debtor on the related
mortgage note may take several years and, generally, is a remedy alternative to
foreclosure, the mortgagee being precluded from pursuing both at the same time.
In the case of foreclosure under either a mortgage or a deed of trust, the
sale by the referee or other designated officer or by the trustee is a public
sale. However, because of the difficulty potential third party purchasers at the
sale have in determining the exact status of title and because the physical
condition of the property may have deteriorated during the foreclosure
proceedings, it is uncommon for a third party to purchase the property at a
foreclosure sale. Rather, it is common for the lender to purchase the property
from the trustee or referee for an amount which may be equal to the unpaid
principal amount of the mortgage note secured by the mortgage or deed of trust
plus accrued and unpaid interest and the expenses of foreclosure, in which event
the mortgagor's debt will be extinguished or the lender may purchase for a
lesser amount in order to preserve its right against a borrower to seek a
deficiency judgment in states where such a judgment is available. Thereafter,
subject to the right of the borrower in some states to remain in possession
during the redemption period, the lender will assume the burdens of ownership,
including obtaining hazard insurance, paying taxes and making such repairs at
its own expense as are necessary to render the property suitable for sale. The
lender will commonly obtain the services of a real estate broker and pay the
broker's commission in connection with the sale of the property. Depending upon
market conditions, the ultimate proceeds of the sale of the property may not
equal the lender's investment in the property. Any loss may be reduced by the
receipt of any mortgage guaranty insurance proceeds.
RIGHTS OF REDEMPTION
In some states, after sale pursuant to a deed of trust or foreclosure of a
mortgage, the trustor or mortgagor and foreclosed junior lienors are given a
statutory period in which to redeem the property from
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the foreclosure sale. The right of redemption should be distinguished from the
equity of redemption, which is a non-statutory right that must be exercised
prior to the foreclosure sale. In some states, redemption may occur only upon
payment of the entire principal balance of the loan, accrued interest and
expenses of foreclosure. In other states, redemption may be authorized if the
former borrower pays only a portion of the sums due. The effect of a statutory
right of redemption is to diminish the ability of the lender to sell the
foreclosed property. The exercise of a right of redemption would defeat the
title of any purchaser at a foreclosure sale, or of any purchaser from the
lender subsequent to foreclosure or sale under a deed of trust. Consequently the
practical effect of a right of redemption is to force the lender to retain the
property and pay the expenses of ownership until the redemption period has run.
In some states, there is no right to redeem property after a trustee's sale
under a deed of trust.
JUNIOR MORTGAGES; RIGHTS OF SENIOR MORTGAGES
The mortgage loans comprising or underlying the Primary Assets included in
the Trust Fund for a Series will be secured by mortgages or deeds of trust which
may be second or more junior mortgages to other mortgages held by other lenders
or institutional investors. The rights of the Trust Fund (and therefore the
Holders), as mortgagee under a junior mortgage, are subordinate to those of the
mortgagee under the senior mortgage, including the prior rights of the senior
mortgagee to receive hazard insurance and condemnation proceeds and to cause the
property securing the mortgage loan to be sold upon default of the mortgagor,
thereby extinguishing the junior mortgagee's lien unless the junior mortgagee
asserts its subordinate interest in the property in foreclosure litigation and,
possibly, satisfies the defaulted senior mortgage. A junior mortgagee may
satisfy a defaulted senior loan in full and, in some states, may cure such
default and bring the senior loan current, in either event adding the amounts
expended to the balance due on the junior loan. In most states, absent a
provision in the mortgage or deed of trust, no notice of default is required to
be given to a junior mortgagee.
The standard form of the mortgage used by most institutional lenders confers
on the mortgagee the right both to receive all proceeds collected under any
hazard insurance policy and all awards made in connection with condemnation
proceedings, and to apply such proceeds and awards to any indebtedness secured
by the mortgage, in such order as the mortgagee may determine. Thus, in the
event improvements on the property are damaged or destroyed by fire or other
casualty, or in the event the property is taken by condemnation, the mortgagee
or beneficiary under underlying senior mortgages will have the prior right to
collect any insurance proceeds payable under a hazard insurance policy and any
award of damages in connection with the condemnation and to apply the same to
the indebtedness secured by the senior mortgages. Proceeds in excess of the
amount of senior mortgage indebtedness, in most cases, may be applied to the
indebtedness of a junior mortgage.
Another provision sometimes found in the form of the mortgage or deed of
trust used by institutional lenders obligates the mortgagor to pay before
delinquency all taxes and assessments on the property and, when due, all
encumbrances, charges and liens on the property which appear prior to the
mortgage or deed of trust, to provide and maintain fire insurance on the
property, to maintain and repair the property and not to commit or permit any
waste thereof, and to appear in and defend any action or proceeding purporting
to affect the property or the rights of the mortgagee under the mortgage. Upon a
failure of the mortgagor to perform any of these obligations, the mortgagee is
given the right under certain mortgages to perform the obligation itself, at its
election, with the mortgagor agreeing to reimburse the mortgagee for any sums
expended by the mortgagee on behalf of the mortgagor. All sums so expended by
the mortgagee become part of the indebtedness secured by the mortgage.
ANTI-DEFICIENCY LEGISLATION AND OTHER LIMITATIONS ON LENDERS
Certain states have imposed statutory prohibitions which limit the remedies
of a beneficiary under a deed of trust or a mortgagee under a mortgage. In some
states, statutes limit the right of the beneficiary or mortgagee to obtain a
deficiency judgment against the borrower following foreclosure or sale under a
deed
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of trust. A deficiency judgment is a personal judgment against the former
borrower equal in most cases to the difference between the net amount realized
upon the public sale of the real property and the amount due to the lender.
Other statutes require the beneficiary or mortgagee to exhaust the security
afforded under a deed of trust or mortgage by foreclosure in an attempt to
satisfy the full debt before bringing a personal action against the borrower. In
certain other states, the lender has the option of bringing a personal action
against the borrower on the debt without first exhausting such security;
however, in some of these states, the lender, following judgment on such
personal action, may be deemed to have elected a remedy and may be precluded
from exercising remedies with respect to the security. Consequently, the
practical effect of the election requirement, when applicable, is that lenders
will usually proceed first against the security rather than bringing a personal
action against the borrower. Finally, other statutory provisions limit any
deficiency judgment against the former borrower following a foreclosure sale to
the excess of the outstanding debt over the fair market value of the property at
the time of the public sale. The purpose of these statutes is generally to
prevent a beneficiary or a mortgagee from obtaining a large deficiency judgment
against the former borrower as a result of low or no bids at the foreclosure
sale.
In addition to laws limiting or prohibiting deficiency judgments, numerous
other statutory provisions, including the federal bankruptcy laws, the Federal
Soldiers' and Sailors' Relief Act and state laws affording relief to debtors,
may interfere with or affect the ability of the secured lender to realize upon
collateral and/ or enforce a deficiency judgment. For example, with respect to
federal bankruptcy law, the filing of a petition acts as a stay against the
enforcement of remedies for collection of a debt. Moreover, a court with federal
bankruptcy jurisdiction may permit a debtor through a Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Code
rehabilitative plan to cure a monetary default with respect to a loan on a
debtor's residence by paying arrearages within a reasonable time period and
reinstating the original loan payment schedule even though the lender
accelerated the loan and the lender has taken all steps to realize upon his
security (provided no sale of the property has yet occurred) prior to the filing
of the debtor's Chapter 13 petition. Some courts with federal bankruptcy
jurisdiction have approved plans, based on the particular facts of the
reorganization case, that effected the curing of a loan default by permitting
the obligor to pay arrearages over a number of years.
Courts with federal bankruptcy jurisdiction have also indicated that the
terms of a mortgage loan may be modified if the borrower has filed a petition
under Chapter 13. These courts have suggested that such modifications may
include reducing the amount of each monthly payment, changing the rate of
interest, altering the repayment schedule and reducing the lender's security
interest to the value of the residence, thus leaving the lender a general
unsecured creditor for the difference between the value of the residence and the
outstanding balance of the loan. Federal bankruptcy law and limited case law
indicate that the foregoing modifications could not be applied to the terms of a
loan secured by property that is the principal residence of the debtor. In all
cases, the secured creditor is entitled to the value of its security plus
post-petition interest, attorney's fees and costs to the extent the value of the
security exceeds the debt.
In a Chapter 11 case under the Bankruptcy Code, the lender is precluded from
foreclosing without authorization from the bankruptcy court. The lender's lien
may be transferred to other collateral and/or be limited in amount to the value
of the lender's interest in the collateral as of the date of the bankruptcy. The
loan term may be extended, the interest rate may be adjusted to market rates and
the priority of the loan may be subordinated to bankruptcy court-approved
financing. The bankruptcy court can, in effect, invalidate due-on-sale clauses
through confirmed Chapter 11 plans of reorganization.
The Bankruptcy Code provides priority to certain tax liens over the lender's
security. This may delay or interfere with the enforcement of rights in respect
of a defaulted Loan. In addition, substantive requirements are imposed upon
lenders in connection with the origination and the servicing of mortgage loans
by numerous federal and some state consumer protection laws. The laws include
the federal Truth-in-Lending Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, Equal
Credit Opportunity Act, Fair Credit Billing Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act and
related statutes and regulations. These federal laws impose specific statutory
liabilities upon lenders who originate loans and who fail to comply with the
provisions of the law. In some cases, this liability may affect assignees of the
loans.
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DUE-ON-SALE CLAUSES IN MORTGAGE LOANS
Due-on-sale clauses permit the lender to accelerate the maturity of the loan
if the borrower sells or transfers, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, all or
part of the real property securing the loan without the lender's prior written
consent. The enforceability of these clauses has been the subject of legislation
or litigation in many states, and in some cases, typically involving single
family residential mortgage transactions, their enforceability has been limited
or denied. In any event, the Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act of
1982 (the "Garn-St. Germain Act") preempts state constitutional, statutory and
case law that prohibits the enforcement of due-on-sale clauses and permits
lenders to enforce these clauses in accordance with their terms, subject to
certain exceptions. As a result, due-on-sale clauses have become generally
enforceable except in those states whose legislatures exercised their authority
to regulate the enforceability of such clauses with respect to mortgage loans
that were (i) originated or assumed during the "window period" under the
Garn-St. Germain Act which ended in all cases not later than October 15, 1982,
and (ii) originated by lenders other than national banks, federal savings
institutions and federal credit unions. FHLMC has taken the position in its
published mortgage servicing standards that, out of a total of eleven "window
period states," five states (Arizona, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico and Utah)
have enacted statutes extending, on various terms and for varying periods, the
prohibition on enforcement of due-on-sale clauses with respect to certain
categories of window period loans. Also, the Garn-St. Germain Act does
"encourage" lenders to permit assumption of loans at the original rate of
interest or at some other rate less than the average of the original rate and
the market rate.
In addition, under federal bankruptcy law, due-on-sale clauses may not be
enforceable in bankruptcy proceedings and may, under certain circumstances, be
eliminated in any modified mortgage resulting from such bankruptcy proceeding.
ENFORCEABILITY OF PREPAYMENT AND LATE PAYMENT FEES
Forms of notes, mortgages and deeds of trust used by lenders may contain
provisions obligating the borrower to pay a late charge if payments are not
timely made, and in some circumstances may provide for prepayment fees or
penalties if the obligation is paid prior to maturity. In certain states, there
are or may be specific limitations, upon the late charges which a lender may
collect from a borrower for delinquent payments. Certain states also limit the
amounts that a lender may collect from a borrower as an additional charge if the
loan is prepaid. Late charges and prepayment fees are typically retained by
servicers as additional servicing compensation.
EQUITABLE LIMITATIONS ON REMEDIES
In connection with lenders' attempts to realize upon their security, courts
have invoked general equitable principles. The equitable principles are
generally designed to relieve the borrower from the legal effect of his defaults
under the loan documents. Examples of judicial remedies that have been fashioned
include judicial requirements that the lender undertake affirmative and
expensive actions to determine the causes of the borrower's default and the
likelihood that the borrower will be able to reinstate the loan. In some cases,
courts have substituted their judgment for the lender's judgment and have
required that lenders reinstate loans or recast payment schedules in order to
accommodate borrowers who are suffering from temporary financial disability. In
other cases, courts have limited the right of a lender to realize upon his
security if the default under the security agreement is not monetary, such as
the borrower's failure to adequately maintain the property or the borrower's
execution of secondary financing affecting the property. Finally, some courts
have been faced with the issue of whether or not federal or state constitutional
provisions reflecting due process concerns for adequate notice require that
borrowers under security agreements receive notices in addition to the
statutorily-prescribed minimums. For the most part, these cases have upheld the
notice provisions as being reasonable or have found that, in cases involving the
sale by a trustee under a deed of trust or by a mortgagee under a mortgage
having a power of sale, there is insufficient state action to afford
constitutional protections to the borrower.
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Most conventional single-family mortgage loans may be prepaid in full or in
part without penalty. The regulations of the Office of Thrift Supervision (the
"OTS") prohibit the imposition of a prepayment penalty or equivalent fee for or
in connection with the acceleration of a loan by exercise of a due-on-sale
clause. A mortgagee to whom a prepayment in full has been tendered may be
compelled to give either a release of the mortgage or an instrument assigning
the existing mortgage. The absence of a restraint on prepayment, particularly
with respect to mortgage loans having higher mortgage rates, may increase the
likelihood of refinancing or other early retirements of such mortgage loans.
APPLICABILITY OF USURY LAWS
Title V of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act
of 1980, enacted in March 1980 ("Title V"), provides that state usury
limitations shall not apply to certain types of residential first mortgage loans
originated by certain lenders after March 31, 1980. Similar federal statutes
were in effect with respect to mortgage loans made during the first three months
of 1980. The OTS, as successor to the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, is
authorized to issue rules and regulations and to publish interpretations
governing implementation of Tide V. Tide V authorizes any state to reimpose
interest rate limits by adopting, before April 1, 1983, a state law, or by
certifying that the voters of such state have voted in favor of any provision,
constitutional or otherwise, which expressly rejects an application of the
federal law. Fifteen states adopted such a law prior to the April 1, 1983
deadline. In addition, even where Title V is not so rejected, any state is
authorized by the law to adopt a provision limiting discount points or other
charges on mortgage loans covered by Title V.
THE HOME IMPROVEMENT CONTRACTS
GENERAL
The Home Improvement Contracts, other than those Home Improvement Contracts
that are unsecured or secured by mortgages on real estate (such Home Improvement
Contracts are hereinafter referred to in this section as "contracts") generally
are "chattel paper" or constitute "purchase money security interests" each as
defined in the Uniform Commercial Code (the "UCC"). Pursuant to the UCC, the
sale of chattel paper is treated in a manner similar to perfection of a security
interest in chattel paper. Under the related Agreement, the Depositor will
transfer physical possession of the contracts to the Trustee or a designated
custodian or may retain possession of the contracts as custodian for the
Trustee. In addition, the Depositor will make an appropriate filing of a UCC-1
financing statement in the appropriate states to give notice of the Trustee's
ownership of the contracts. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the contracts will not be stamped or otherwise marked to reflect
their assignment from the Depositor to the Trustee. Therefore, if through
negligence, fraud or otherwise, a subsequent purchaser were able to take
physical possession of the contracts without notice of such assignment, the
Trustee's interest in the contracts could be defeated.
SECURITY INTERESTS IN HOME IMPROVEMENTS
The contracts that are secured by the Home Improvements financed thereby
grant to the originator of such contracts a purchase money security interest in
such Home Improvements to secure all or part of the purchase price of such Home
Improvements and related services. A financing statement generally is not
required to be filed to perfect a purchase money security interest in consumer
goods. Such purchase money security interests are assignable. In general, a
purchase money security interest grants to the holder a security interest that
has priority over a conflicting security interest in the same collateral and the
proceeds of such collateral. However, to the extent that the collateral subject
to a purchase money security interest becomes a fixture, in order for the
related purchase money security interest to take priority over a conflicting
interest in the fixture, the holder's interest in such Home Improvement must
generally be perfected by a timely fixture filing. In general, under the UCC, a
security interest does not exist under the UCC in ordinary building material
incorporated into an improvement on land. Home Improvement Contracts that
finance lumber,
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bricks, other types of ordinary building material or other goods that are deemed
to lose such characterization, upon incorporation of such materials into the
related property, will not be secured by a purchase money security interest in
the Home Improvement being financed.
ENFORCEMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST IN HOME IMPROVEMENTS
So long as the Home Improvement has not become subject to the real estate
law, a creditor can repossess a Home Improvement securing a contract by
voluntary surrender, by "self-help" repossession that is "peaceful" (i.e.,
without breach of the peace) or, in the absence of voluntary surrender and the
ability to repossess without breach of the peace, by judicial process. The
holder of a contract must give the debtor a number of days' notice, which varies
from 10 to 30 days depending on the state, prior to commencement of any
repossession. The UCC and consumer protection laws in most states place
restrictions on repossession sales, including requiring prior notice to the
debtor and commercial reasonableness in effecting such a sale. The law in most
states also requires that the debtor be given notice of any sale prior to resale
of the unit that the debtor may redeem it at or before such resale.
Under the laws applicable in most states, a creditor is entitled to obtain a
deficiency judgement from a debtor for any deficiency on repossession and resale
of the property securing the debtor's loan. However, some states impose
prohibitions or limitations on deficiency judgements, and in many cases the
defaulting borrower would have no assets with which to pay a judgement.
Certain other statutory provisions, including federal and state bankruptcy
and insolvency laws and general equitable principles, may limit or delay the
ability of a lender to repossess and resell collateral or enforce a deficiency
judgement.
CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS
The so-called "Holder-in-Due-Course" rule of the Federal Trade Commission is
intended to defeat the ability of the transferor of a consumer credit contract
which is the seller of goods which gave rise to the transaction (and certain
related lenders and assignees) to transfer such contract free of notice of
claims by the debtor thereunder. The effect of this rule is to subject the
assignee of such a contract to all claims and defenses which the debtor could
assert against the seller of goods. Liability under this rule is limited to
amounts paid under a contract; however, the obligor also may be able to assert
the rule to set off remaining amounts due as a defense against a claim brought
by the Trustee against such obligor. Numerous other federal and state consumer
protection laws impose requirements applicable to the origination and lending
pursuant to the contracts, including the Truth in Lending Act, the Federal Trade
Commission Act, the Fair Credit Billing Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the
Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act and the
Uniform Consumer Credit Code. In the case of some of these laws, the failure to
comply with their provisions may affect the enforceability of the related
contract.
APPLICABILITY OF USURY LAWS Title V provides that, subject to the following
conditions, state usury limitations shall not apply to any contract which is
secured by a first lien on certain kinds of consumer goods. The contracts would
be covered if they satisfy certain conditions, among other things, governing the
terms of any prepayments, late charges and deferral fees and requiring a 30-day
notice period prior to instituting any action leading to repossession of the
related unit.
Title V authorized any state to reimpose limitations on interest rates and
finance charges by adopting before April 1, 1983 a law or constitutional
provision which expressly rejects application of the federal law. Fifteen states
adopted such a law prior to the April 1, 1983 deadline. In addition, even where
Title V was not so rejected, any state is authorized by the law to adopt a
provision limiting discount points or other charges on loans covered by Title V.
INSTALLMENT SALES CONTRACTS
The Loans may also consist of installment sales contracts. Under an
installment sales contract ("Installment Sales Contract") the seller
(hereinafter referred to in this section as the "lender") retains legal title to
the property and enters into an agreement with the purchaser (hereinafter
referred to in this section as the
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"borrower") for the payment of the purchase price, plus interest, over the term
of such contract. Only after full performance by the borrower of the contract is
the lender obligated to convey title to the property to the purchaser. As with
mortgage or deed of trust financing, during the effective period of the
Installment Sales Contract, the borrower is generally responsible for
maintaining the property in good condition and for paying real estate taxes,
assessments and hazard insurance premiums associated with the property.
The method of enforcing the rights of the lender under an Installment Sales
Contract varies on a state-by-state basis depending upon the extent to which
state courts are willing, or able pursuant to state statute, to enforce the
contract strictly according to the terms. The terms of Installment Sales
Contracts generally provide that upon a default by the borrower, the borrower
loses his or her right to occupy the property, the entire indebtedness is
accelerated, and the buyer's equitable interest in the property is forfeited.
The lender in such a situation does not have to foreclose in order to obtain
title to the property, although in some cases a quiet title action is in order
if the borrower has filed the Installment Sales Contract in local land records
and an ejectment action may be necessary to recover possession. In a few states,
particularly in cases of borrower default during the early years of an
Installment Sales Contract, the courts will permit ejectment of the buyer and a
forfeiture of his or her interest in the property. However, most state
legislatures have enacted provisions by analogy to mortgage law protecting
borrowers under Installment Sales Contracts from the harsh consequences of
forfeiture. Under such statutes, a judicial or nonjudicial foreclosure may be
required, the lender may be required to give notice of default and the borrower
may be granted some grace period during which the Installment Sales Contract may
be reinstated upon full payment of the default amount and the borrower may have
a post-foreclosure statutory redemption right. In other states, courts in equity
may permit a borrower with significant investment in the property under an
Installment Sales Contract for the sale of real estate to share in the proceeds
of sale of the property after the indebtedness is repaid or may otherwise refuse
to enforce the forfeiture clause. Nevertheless, generally speaking, the lender's
procedures for obtaining possession and clear title under an Installment Sales
Contract in a given state are simpler and less time-consuming and costly than
are the procedures for foreclosing and obtaining clear title to a property
subject to one or more liens.
SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' CIVIL RELIEF ACT OF 1940
Under the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940, members of all
branches of the military on active duty, including draftees and reservists in
military service, (i) are entitled to have interest rates reduced and capped at
6% per annum, on obligations (including Loans) incurred prior to the
commencement of military service for the duration of military service, (ii) may
be entitled to a stay of proceedings on any kind of foreclosure or repossession
action in the case of defaults on such obligations entered into prior to
military service for the duration of military service and (iii) may have the
maturity of such obligations incurred prior to military service extended, the
payments lowered and the payment schedule readjusted for a period of time after
the completion of military service. However, the benefits of (i), (ii), or (iii)
above are subject to challenge by creditors and if, in the opinion of the court,
the ability of a person to comply with such obligations is not materially
impaired by military service, the court may apply equitable principles
accordingly. If a borrower's obligation to repay amounts otherwise due on a Loan
included in a Trust Fund for a Series is relieved pursuant to the Soldiers' and
Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940, none of the Trust Fund, the Servicer, the
Depositor nor the Trustee will be required to advance such amounts, and any loss
in respect thereof may reduce the amounts available to be paid to the Holders of
the Securities of such Series. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, any shortfalls in interest collections on Loans or
Underlying Loans relating to the Private Securities, as applicable, included in
a Trust Fund for a Series resulting from application of the Soldiers' and
Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940 will be allocated to each Class of Securities
of such Series that is entitled to receive interest in respect of such Loans or
Underlying Loans in proportion to the interest that each such Class of
Securities would have otherwise been entitled to receive in respect of such
Loans or Underlying Loans had such interest shortfall not occurred.
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THE DEPOSITOR
GENERAL
The Depositor was incorporated in the State of Delaware in June 1995, and is
a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. The Depositor's
principal executive offices are located at 245 Park Avenue, New York, New York
10167. Its telephone number is (212) 272-4095.
The Depositor will not engage in any activities other than to authorize,
issue, sell, deliver, purchase and invest in (and enter into agreements in
connection with), and/or to engage in the establishment of one or more trusts
which will issue and sell, bonds, notes, debt or equity securities, obligations
and other securities and instruments ("Depositor Securities") collateralized or
otherwise secured or backed by, or otherwise representing an interest in, among
other things, receivables or pass-through certificates, or participations or
certificates of participation or beneficial ownership in one or more pools of
receivables, and the proceeds of the foregoing, that arise in connection with
loans secured by certain first or junior mortgages on real estate or
manufactured housing and any and all other commercial transactions and
commercial, sovereign, student or consumer loans or indebtedness and, in
connection therewith or otherwise, purchasing, acquiring, owning, holding,
transferring, conveying, servicing, selling, pledging, assigning, financing and
otherwise dealing with such receivables, pass-through certificates, or
participations or certificates of participation or beneficial ownership. Article
Third of the Depositor's Certificate of Incorporation limits the Depositor's
activities to the above activities and certain related activities, such as
credit enhancement with respect to such Depositor Securities, and to any
activities incidental to and necessary or convenient for the accomplishment of
such purposes.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The Depositor will apply all or substantially all of the net proceeds from
the sale of each Series of Securities for one or more of the following purposes:
(i) to purchase the related Primary Assets, (ii) to repay indebtedness which has
been incurred to obtain funds to acquire such Primary Assets, (iii) to establish
any Reserve Funds described in the related Prospectus Supplement and (iv) to pay
costs of structuring and issuing such Securities, including the costs of
obtaining Enhancement, if any. If so specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the purchase of the Primary Assets for a Series may be effected by
an exchange of Securities with the Seller of such Primary Assets.
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CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL
The following summary is based on the opinion of Stroock & Stroock & Lavan,
special counsel to the Depositor ("Federal Tax Counsel") as to the anticipated
material federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and
disposition of Securities. The summary does not purport to deal with all aspects
of federal income taxation that may affect particular investors in light of
their individual circumstances, nor with certain types of investors subject to
special treatment under the federal income tax laws. This summary focuses
primarily upon investors who will hold Securities as "capital assets"
(generally, property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of
the Code, but much of the discussion is applicable to other investors as well.
Prospective investors are advised to consult their own tax advisers concerning
the federal, state, local and any other tax consequences to them of the
purchase, ownership and disposition of the Securities.
The summary is based upon the provisions of the Code, the regulations
promulgated thereunder, including, where applicable, proposed regulations, and
the judicial and administrative rulings and decisions now in effect, all of
which are subject to change or possible differing interpretations. The statutory
provisions, regulations, and interpretations on which this interpretation is
based are subject to change, and such a change could apply retroactively.
The federal income tax consequences to Holders will vary depending on
whether (i) the Securities of a Series are classified as indebtedness; (ii) an
election is made to treat the Trust Fund relating to a particular Series of
Securities as a real estate mortgage investment conduit ("REMIC") under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"); (iii) the Securities
represent an ownership interest in some or all of the assets included in the
Trust Fund for a Series; or (iv) an election is made to treat the Trust Fund
relating to a particular Series of Certificates as a partnership. The Prospectus
Supplement for each Series of Securities will specify how the Securities will be
treated for federal income tax purposes and will discuss whether a REMIC
election, if any, will be made with respect to such Series.
TAXATION OF DEBT SECURITIES
STATUS OF REGULAR INTEREST SECURITIES AS REAL PROPERTY LOANS. The regular
interests in a REMIC ("Regular Interest Securities") will be "qualifying real
property loans" within the meaning of Section 593(d) of the Code, "real estate
assets" for purposes of Section 856(c)(5)(A) of the Code and assets described in
Section 7701(a)(19)(C) of the Code (assets qualifying under one or more of those
sections, applying each section separately, "qualifying assets") to the extent
that the REMIC's assets are qualifying assets. However, if at least 95 percent
of the REMIC's assets are qualifying assets, then 100 percent of the Regular
Interest Securities will be qualifying assets. Similarly, income on the Regular
Interest Securities will be treated as "interest on obligations secured by
mortgages on real property" within the meaning of Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the
Code, subject to the limitations of the preceding two sentences. In addition to
Loans, the REMIC's assets will include payments on Loans held pending
distribution to holders of Regular Interest Securities, amounts in reserve
accounts (if any), other credit enhancements (if any) and possibly buydown funds
("Buydown Funds"). The Loans generally will be qualifying assets under all three
of the foregoing sections of the Code. However, Loans that are not secured by
residential real property or real property used primarily for church purposes
may not constitute qualifying assets under Section 7701(a)(19)(c)(v) of the
Code, and Loans that are not secured by improved real property or real property
which is to be improved using Loan proceeds will not constitute qualifying
assets under Section 593(d) of the Code. In addition, to the extent that the
principal amount of a Loan exceeds the value of the property securing the Loan,
it is unclear and Federal Tax Counsel is unable to opine whether the Loans will
be qualifying assets. The regulations under Sections 860A through 860G of the
Code (the "REMIC Regulations") treat credit enhancements as part of the mortgage
or pool of mortgages to which they relate, and therefore credit enhancements
generally should be qualifying assets. Regulations issued in conjunction with
the REMIC Regulations provide that amounts
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paid on Loans and held pending distribution to holders of Regular Interest
Securities ("cash flow investments") will be treated as qualifying assets. It is
unclear whether reserve funds or Buydown Funds would also constitute qualifying
assets under any of those provisions.
INTEREST AND ACQUISITION DISCOUNT. Securities representing Regular Interest
Securities are generally taxable to Holders in the same manner as evidences of
indebtedness issued by the REMIC. Stated interest on the Regular Interest
Securities will be taxable as ordinary income and taken into account using the
accrual method of accounting, regardless of the Holder's normal accounting
method. Interest (other than original issue discount) on Securities (other than
Regular Interest Securities) that are characterized as indebtedness for federal
income tax purposes will be includible in income by Holders thereof in
accordance with their usual methods of accounting. Securities characterized as
debt for federal income tax purposes and Regular Interest Securities will be
referred to hereinafter collectively as "Debt Securities."
Debt Securities that are Compound Interest Securities will, and certain of
the other Debt Securities may, be issued with "original issue discount" ("OID").
The following discussion is based in part on the rules governing OID which are
set forth in Sections 1271-1275 of the Code and the Treasury regulations issued
thereunder on February 2, 1994 (the "OID Regulations"). A Holder should be
aware, however, that the OID Regulations do not adequately address certain
issues relevant to prepayable securities, such as the Debt Securities.
In general, OID, if any, will equal the difference between the stated
redemption price at maturity of a Debt Security and its issue price. A Holder of
a Debt Security must include such OID in gross income as ordinary interest
income as it accrues under a method taking into account an economic accrual of
the discount. In general, OID must be included in income in advance of the
receipt of the cash representing that income. The amount of OID on a Debt
Security will be considered to be zero if it is less than a DE MINIMIS amount
determined under the Code.
The issue price of a Debt Security is the first price at which a substantial
amount of Debt Securities of that class are sold to the public (excluding bond
houses, brokers, underwriters or wholesalers). If less than a substantial amount
of a particular class of Debt Securities is sold for cash on or prior to the
Closing Date, the issue price for such class will be treated as the fair market
value of such class on the Closing Date. The issue price of a Debt Security also
includes the amount paid by an initial Debt Security Holder for accrued interest
that relates to a period prior to the issue date of the Debt Security. The
stated redemption price at maturity of a Debt Security includes the original
principal amount of the Debt Security, but generally will not include
distributions of interest if such distributions constitute "qualified stated
interest."
Under the OID Regulations, interest payments will not qualify as qualified
stated interest unless the interest payments are "unconditionally payable." The
OID Regulations state that interest is unconditionally payable if late payment
of interest (other than late payment that occurs within a reasonable grace
period) or nonpayment of interest is expected to be penalized or reasonable
remedies exist to compel payment. The meaning of "penalized" under the OID
regulations is unclear. Therefore, interest payments on Debt Securities which do
not have reasonable remedies to compel timely payment of interest may not be
qualified stated interest, and such Debt Securities may have original issue
discount.
Certain Debt Securities will provide for distributions of interest based on
a period that is the same length as the interval between Distribution Dates but
ends prior to each Distribution Date. Any interest that accrues prior to the
Closing Date may be treated under the OID Regulations either (i) as part of the
issue price and the stated redemption price at maturity of the Debt Securities
or (ii) as not included in the issue price or stated redemption price. The OID
Regulations provide a special application of the DE MINIMIS rule for debt
instruments with long first accrual periods where the interest payable for the
first period is at a rate which is effectively less than that which applies in
all other periods. In such cases, for the sole purpose of determining whether
original issue discount is DE MINIMIS, the OID Regulations provide that the
stated redemption price is equal to the instrument's issue price plus the
greater of the amount of foregone interest or the excess (if any) of the
instrument's stated principal amount over its issue price.
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Under the DE MINIMIS rule, OID on a Debt Security will be considered to be
zero if such OID is less than 0.25% of the stated redemption price at maturity
of the Debt Security multiplied by the weighted average maturity of the Debt
Security. For this purpose, the weighted average maturity of the Debt Security
is computed as the sum of the amounts determined by multiplying the number of
full years (i.e., rounding down partial years) from the issue date until each
distribution in reduction of stated redemption price at maturity is scheduled to
be made by a fraction, the numerator of which is the amount of each distribution
included in the stated redemption price at maturity of the Debt Security and the
denominator of which is the stated redemption price at maturity of the Debt
Security. Holders generally must report DE MINIMIS OID pro rata as principal
payments are received, and such income will be capital gain if the Debt Security
is held as a capital asset. However, accrual method Holders may elect to accrue
all DE MINIMIS OID as well as market discount under a constant interest method.
The Holder of a Debt Security issued with OID must include in gross income,
for all days during its taxable year on which it holds such Debt Security, the
sum of the "daily portions" of such original issue discount. The amount of OID
includible in income by a Holder will be computed by allocating to each day
during a taxable year a pro rata portion of the original issue discount that
accrued during the relevant accrual period. In the case of a Debt Security that
is not a Regular Interest Security and the principal payments on which are not
subject to acceleration resulting from prepayments on the Loans, the amount of
OID includible in income of a Holder for an accrual period (generally the period
over which interest accrues on the debt instrument) will equal the product of
the yield to maturity of the Debt Security and the adjusted issue price of the
Debt Security, reduced by any payments of qualified stated interest. The
adjusted issue price is the sum of its issue price plus prior accruals or OID,
reduced by the total payments made with respect to such Debt Security in all
prior periods, other than qualified stated interest payments.
The amount of OID to be included in income by a Holder of a debt instrument,
such as certain Classes of the Debt Securities, that is subject to acceleration
due to prepayments on other debt obligations securing such instruments (a
"Pay-Through Security" ), is computed by taking into account the anticipated
rate of prepayments assumed in pricing the debt instrument (the "Prepayment
Assumption"). The amount of OID that will accrue during an accrual period on a
Pay-Through Security is the excess (if any) of the sum of (a) the present value
of all payments remaining to be made on the Pay-Through Security as of the close
of the accrual period and (b) the payments during the accrual period of amounts
included in the stated redemption price of the Pay-Through Security, over the
adjusted issue price of the Pay-Through Security at the beginning of the accrual
period. The present value of the remaining payments is to be determined on the
basis of three factors: (i) the original yield to maturity of the Pay-Through
Security (determined on the basis of compounding at the end of each accrual
period and properly adjusted for the length of the accrual period), (ii) events
which have occurred before the end of the accrual period and (iii) the
assumption that the remaining payments will be made in accordance with the
original Prepayment Assumption. The effect of this method is to increase the
portions of OID required to be included in income by a Holder to take into
account prepayments with respect to the Loans at a rate that exceeds the
Prepayment Assumption, and to decrease (but not below zero for any period) the
portions of OID required to be included in income by a Holder of a Pay-Through
Security to take into account prepayments with respect to the Loans at a rate
that is slower than the Prepayment Assumption. Although OID will be reported to
Holders of Pay-Through Securities based on the Prepayment Assumption, no
representation is made to Holders that Loans will be prepaid at that rate or at
any other rate.
The Depositor may adjust the accrual of OID on a Class of Regular Interest
Securities (or other regular interests in a REMIC) in a manner that it believes
to be appropriate, to take account of realized losses on the Loans, although the
OID Regulations do not provide for such adjustments. If the Internal Revenue
Service were to require that OID be accrued without such adjustments, the rate
of accrual of OID for a Class of Regular Interest Securities could increase.
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Certain classes of Regular Interest Securities may represent more than one
class of REMIC regular interests. Unless the applicable Prospectus Supplement
specifies otherwise, the Trustee intends, based on the OID Regulations, to
calculate OID on such Securities as if, solely for the purposes of computing
OID, the separate regular interests were a single debt instrument.
A subsequent Holder of a Debt Security will also be required to include OID
in gross income, but such a Holder who purchases such Debt Security for an
amount that exceeds its adjusted issue price will be entitled (as will an
initial Holder who pays more than a Debt Security's issue price) to offset such
OID by comparable economic accruals of portions of such excess.
EFFECTS OF DEFAULTS AND DELINQUENCIES. Holders will be required to report
income with respect to the related Securities under an accrual method without
giving effect to delays and reductions in distributions attributable to a
default or delinquency on the Loans, except possibly to the extent that it can
be established that such amounts are uncollectible. As a result, the amount of
income (including OID) reported by a Holder of such a Security in any period
could significantly exceed the amount of cash distributed to such Holder in that
period. The Holder will eventually be allowed a loss (or will be allowed to
report a lesser amount of income) to the extent that the aggregate amount of
distributions on the Securities is reduced as a result of a Loan default.
However, the timing and character of such losses or reductions in income are
uncertain and, accordingly, Holders of Securities should consult their own tax
advisors on this point.
INTEREST-ONLY DEBT SECURITIES. The Trust Fund intends to report income from
interest-only classes of Debt Securities to the Internal Revenue Service and to
holders of interest-only Debt Securities based on the assumption that the stated
redemption price at maturity is equal to the sum of all payments determined
under the applicable prepayment assumption. As a result, such interest-only Debt
Securities Certificates will be treated as having original issue discount.
VARIABLE RATE DEBT SECURITIES. Under the OID Regulations, Debt Securities
paying interest at a variable rate (a "Variable Rate Debt Security") are subject
to special rules. A Variable Rate Debt Security will qualify as a "variable rate
debt instrument" if (i) its issue price does not exceed the total noncontingent
principal payments due under the Variable Rate Debt Security by more than a
specified DE MINIMIS amount and (ii) it provides for stated interest, paid or
compounded at least annually, at (a) one or more qualified floating rates, (b) a
single fixed rate and one or more qualified floating rates, (c) a single
objective rate or (d) a single fixed rate and a single objective rate that is a
qualified inverse floating rate.
A "qualified floating rate" is any variable rate where variations in the
value of such rate can reasonably be expected to measure contemporaneous
variations in the cost of newly borrowed funds in the currency in which the
Variable Rate Debt Security is denominated. A multiple of a qualified floating
rate will generally not itself constitute a qualified floating rate for purposes
of the OID Regulations. However, a variable rate equal to (i) the product of a
qualified floating rate and a fixed multiple that is greater than zero but not
more than 1.35 or (ii) the product of a qualified floating rate and a fixed
multiple that is greater than zero but not more than 1.35, increased or
decreased by a fixed rate will constitute a qualified floating rate for purposes
of the OID Regulations. In addition, under the OID Regulations, two or more
qualified floating rates that can reasonably be expected to have approximately
the same values throughout the term of the Variable Rate Debt Security will be
treated as a single qualified floating rate (a "Presumed Single Qualified
Floating Rate"). Two or more qualified floating rates with values within 25
basis points of each other as determined on the Variable Rate Debt Security's
issue date will be conclusively presumed to be a Presumed Single Qualified
Floating Rate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a variable rate that would
otherwise constitute a qualified floating rate but which is subject to one or
more restrictions such as a cap or floor, will not be a qualified floating rate
for purposes of the OID Regulations unless the restriction is fixed throughout
the term of the Variable Rate Debt Security or the restriction will not
significantly affect the yield of the Variable Rate Debt Security.
An "objective rate" is a rate that is not itself a qualified floating rate
but which is determined using a single fixed formula and which is based upon (i)
one or more qualified floating rates, (ii) one or more rates where each rate
would be a qualified floating rate for a debt instrument denominated in a
currency other
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than the currency in which the Variable Rate Debt Security is denominated, (iii)
either the yield or changes in the price of one or more items of actively traded
personal property or (iv) a combination of rates described in (i), (ii) and
(iii). The OID Regulations also provide that other variable rates may be treated
as objective rates if so designated by the Internal Revenue Service in the
future. Despite the foregoing, a variable rate of interest on a Variable Rate
Debt Security will not constitute an objective rate if it is reasonably expected
that the average value of such rate during the first half of the Variable Rate
Debt Security's term will be either significantly less than or significantly
greater than the average value of the rate during the final half of the Variable
Rate Debt Security's term. An objective rate will qualify as a "qualified
inverse floating rate" if such rate is equal to a fixed rate minus a qualified
floating rate and variations in the rate can reasonably be expected to inversely
reflect contemporaneous variations in the cost of newly borrowed funds. The OID
Regulations also provide that if a Variable Rate Debt Security provides for
stated interest at a fixed rate for an initial period of less than one year
followed by a variable rate that is either a qualified floating rate or an
objective rate and if the variable rate on the Variable Rate Debt Security's
issue date is intended to approximate the fixed rate, then the fixed rate and
the variable rate together will constitute either a single qualified floating
rate or objective rate, as the case may be (a "Presumed Single Variable Rate").
If the value of the variable rate and the initial fixed rate are within 25 basis
points of each other as determined on the Variable Rate Debt Security's issue
date, the variable rate will be conclusively presumed to approximate the fixed
rate.
For Variable Rate Debt Securities that qualify as a "variable rate debt
instrument" under the OID Regulations and provide for interest at either a
single qualified floating rate, a single objective rate, a Presumed Single
Qualified Floating Rate or a Presumed Single Variable Rate throughout the term
(a "Single Variable Rate Debt Security"), original issue discount is computed as
described above based on the following: (i) stated interest on the Single
Variable Rate Debt Security which is unconditionally payable in cash or property
(other than debt instruments of the issuer) at least annually will constitute
qualified stated interest and (ii) by assuming that the variable rate on the
Single Variable Debt Security is a fixed rate equal to: (a) in the case of a
Single Variable Rate Debt Security with a qualified floating rate or a qualified
inverse floating rate, the value of, as of the issue date, of the qualified
floating rate or the qualified inverse floating rate or (b) in the case of a
Single Variable Rate Debt Security with an objective rate (other than a
qualified inverse floating rate), a fixed rate which reflects the reasonably
expected yield for such Single Variable Debt Security.
In general, any Variable Rate Debt Security other than a Single Variable
Rate Debt Security (a "Multiple Variable Rate Debt Security") that qualifies as
a "variable rate debt instrument" will be converted into an "equivalent" fixed
rate debt instrument for purposes of determining the amount and accrual of
original issue discount and qualified stated interest on the Multiple Variable
Rate Debt Security. The OID Regulations generally require that such a Multiple
Variable Rate Debt Security be converted into an "equivalent" fixed rate debt
instrument by substituting any qualified floating rate or qualified inverse
floating rate provided for under the terms of the Multiple Variable Rate Debt
Security with a fixed rate equal to the value of the qualified floating rate or
qualified inverse floating rate, as the case may be, as of the Multiple Variable
Rate Debt Security's issue date. Any objective rate (other than a qualified
inverse floating rate) provided for under the terms of the Multiple Variable
Rate Debt Security is converted into a fixed rate that reflects the yield that
is reasonably expected for the Multiple Variable Rate Debt Security. In the case
of a Multiple Variable Rate Debt Security that qualifies as a "variable rate
debt instrument" and provides for stated interest at a fixed rate in addition to
either one or more qualified floating rates or a qualified inverse floating
rate, the fixed rate is initially converted into a qualified floating rate (or a
qualified inverse floating rate, if the Multiple Variable Rate Debt Security
provides for a qualified inverse floating rate). Under such circumstances, the
qualified floating rate or qualified inverse floating rate that replaces the
fixed rate must be such that the fair market value of the Multiple Variable Rate
Debt Security as of the Multiple Variable Rate Debt Security's issue date is
approximately the same as the fair market value of an otherwise identical debt
instrument that provides for either the qualified floating rate or qualified
inverse floating rate rather
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than the fixed rate. Subsequent to converting the fixed rate into either a
qualified floating rate or a qualified inverse floating rate, the Multiple
Variable Rate Debt Security is then converted into an "equivalent" fixed rate
debt instrument in the manner described above.
Once the Multiple Variable Rate Debt Security is converted into an
"equivalent" fixed rate debt instrument pursuant to the foregoing rules, the
amount of original issue discount and qualified stated interest, if any, are
determined for the "equivalent" fixed rate debt instrument by applying the
original issue discount rules to the "equivalent" fixed rate debt instrument in
the manner described above. A Holder of the Multiple Variable Rate Debt Security
will account for such original issue discount and qualified stated interest as
if the Holder held the "equivalent" fixed rate debt instrument. Each accrual
period appropriate adjustments will be made to the amount of qualified stated
interest or original issue discount assumed to have been accrued or paid with
respect to the "equivalent" fixed rate debt instrument in the event that such
amounts differ from the accrual amount of interest accrued or paid on the
Multiple Variable Rate Debt Security during the accrual period.
The OID Regulations do not clearly address the treatment of a Variable Rate
Debt Security that is based on a weighted average of the interest rates on
underlying Loans. Under the OID Regulations, interest payments on such a
Variable Rate Debt Security may be characterized as qualified stated interest
which is includible in income in a manner similar to that described in the
previous paragraph. However, it is also possible that interest payments on such
a Variable Rate Debt Security would be treated as contingent interest (possibly
includible in income when the payments become fixed) or in some other manner.
If a Variable Rate Debt Security does not qualify as a "variable rate debt
instrument" under the OID Regulations, then the Variable Rate Debt Security
would be treated as a contingent payment debt obligation. It is not clear under
current law how a Variable Rate Debt Security would be taxed if such Debt
Security were treated as a contingent payment debt obligation.
MARKET DISCOUNT. A purchaser of a Security may be subject to the market
discount rules of Sections 1276-1278 of the Code. A Holder that acquires a Debt
Security with more than a prescribed DE MINIMIS amount of "market discount"
(generally, the excess of the principal amount of the Debt Security over the
purchaser's purchase price) will be required to include accrued market discount
in income as ordinary income in each month, but limited to an amount not
exceeding the principal payments on the Debt Security received in that month
and, if the Securities are sold, the gain realized. Such market discount would
accrue in a manner to be provided in Treasury regulations but, until such
regulations are issued, such market discount would in general accrue either (i)
on the basis of a constant yield (in the case of a Pay-Through Security, taking
into account a prepayment assumption) or (ii) in the ratio of (a) in the case of
Securities (or in the case of a Pass-Through Security, as set forth below, the
Loans underlying such Security) not originally issued with original issue
discount, stated interest payable in the relevant period to total stated
interest remaining to be paid at the beginning of the period or (b) in the case
of Securities (or, in the case of a Pass-Through Security, as described below,
the Loans underlying such Security) originally issued at a discount, OID in the
relevant period to total OID remaining to be paid.
Section 1277 of the Code provides that, regardless of the origination date
of the Debt Security (or, in the case of a Pass-Through Security, the Loans),
the excess of interest paid or accrued to purchase or carry a Security (or, in
the case of a Pass-Through Security, as described below, the underlying Loans)
with market discount over interest received on such Security is allowed as a
current deduction only to the extent such excess is greater than the market
discount that accrued during the taxable year in which such interest expense was
incurred. In general, the deferred portion of any interest expense will be
deductible when such market discount is included in income, including upon the
sale, disposition, or repayment of the Security (or in the case of a
Pass-Through Security, an underlying Loan). A Holder may elect to include market
discount in income currently as it accrues, on all market discount obligations
acquired by such Holder during the taxable year such election is made and
thereafter, in which case the interest deferral rule will not apply.
PREMIUM. A Holder who purchases a Debt Security (other than an Interest
Weighted Security to the extent described above) at a cost greater than its
stated redemption price at maturity, generally will be
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considered to have purchased the Security at a premium, which it may elect to
amortize as an offset to interest income on such Security (and not as a separate
deduction item) on a constant yield method. Although no regulations addressing
the computation of premium accrual on securities similar to the Securities have
been issued, the legislative history of the 1986 Act indicates that premium is
to be accrued in the same manner as market discount. Accordingly, it appears
that the accrual of premium on a Class of Pay-Through Securities will be
calculated using the prepayment assumption used in pricing such Class. If a
Holder makes an election to amortize premium on a Debt Security, such election
will apply to all taxable debt instruments (including all REMIC regular
interests and all pass-through certificates representing ownership interests in
a trust holding debt obligations) held by the Holder at the beginning of the
taxable year in which the election is made, and to all taxable debt instruments
acquired thereafter by such Holder, and will be irrevocable without the consent
of the Internal Revenue Service. Purchasers who pay a premium for the Securities
should consult their tax advisers regarding the election to amortize premium and
the method to be employed.
ELECTION TO TREAT ALL INTEREST AS ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT. The OID
Regulations permit a Holder of a Debt Security to elect to accrue all interest,
discount (including de minimis market or original issue discount) and premium in
income as interest, based on a constant yield method for Debt Securities
acquired on or after April 4, 1994. If such an election were to be made with
respect to a Debt Security with market discount, the Holder of the Debt Security
would be deemed to have made an election to include in income currently market
discount with respect to all other debt instruments having market discount that
such Holder of the Debt Security acquires during the year of the election or
thereafter. Similarly, a Holder of a Debt Security that makes this election for
a Debt Security that is acquired at a premium will be deemed to have made an
election to amortize bond premium with respect to all debt instruments having
amortizable bond premium that such Holder owns or acquires. The election to
accrue interest, discount and premium on a constant yield method with respect to
a Debt Security is irrevocable.
TAXATION OF THE REMIC AND ITS HOLDERS
GENERAL. In the opinion of Federal Tax Counsel, if a REMIC election is made
with respect to a Series of Securities, then the arrangement by which the
Securities of that Series are issued will be treated as a REMIC as long as all
of the provisions of the applicable Agreement are complied with and the
statutory and regulatory requirements are satisfied. Securities will be
designated as "Regular Interests" or "Residual Interests" in a REMIC, as
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Except to the extent specified otherwise in a Prospectus Supplement, if a
REMIC election is made with respect to a Series of Securities, (i) Securities
held by a mutual savings bank or domestic building and loan association will
represent interests in "qualifying real property loans" within the meaning of
Code Section 593(d) (assuming that at least 95% of the REMIC's assets are
"qualifying real property loans"); (ii) Securities held by a domestic building
and loan association will constitute "a regular or a residual interest in a
REMIC" within the meaning of Code Section 7701(a)(19)(C)(xi) (assuming that at
least 95% of the REMIC's assets consist of cash, government saturates, "loans
secured by an interest in real property," and other types of assets described in
Code Section 7701(a)(19)(C)); and (iii) Securities held by a real estate
investment trust will constitute "real estate assets" within the meaning of Code
Section 856(c)(6)(B), and income with respect to the Saturates will be
considered "interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on
interests in real property" within the meaning of Code Section 856(c)(3)(B)
(assuming, for both purposes, that at least 95% of the REMIC's assets are
qualifying assets). If less than 95% of the REMIC's assets consist of assets
described in (i), (ii) or (iii) above, then a Security will qualify for the tax
treatment described in (i), (ii) or (iii) in the proportion that such REMIC
assets are qualifying assets.
REMIC EXPENSES; SINGLE CLASS REMICS
As a general rule, all of the expenses of a REMIC will be taken into account
by Holders of the Residual Interest Securities. In the case of a "single class
REMIC," however, the expenses will be allocated, under
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Treasury regulations, among the Holders of the Regular Interest Securities and
the Holders of the Residual Interest Securities on a daily basis in proportion
to the relative amounts of income accruing to each Holder on that day. In the
case of a Holder of a Regular Interest Security who is an individual or a
"pass-through interest holder" (including certain pass-through entities but not
including real estate investment trusts), such expenses will be deductible only
to the extern that such expenses, plus other "miscellaneous itemized deductions"
of the Holder, exceed 2% of such Holder's adjusted gross income. In addition,
for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1990, the amount of itemized
deductions otherwise allowable for the taxable year for an individual whose
adjusted gross income exceeds the applicable amount (which amount will be
adjusted for inflation for taxable years beginning after 1990) will be reduced
by the lesser of (i) 3% of the excess of adjusted gross income over the
applicable amount, or (ii) 80% of the amount of itemized deductions otherwise
allowable for such taxable year. The reduction or disallowance of this deduction
may have a significant impact on the yield of the Regular Interest Security to
such a Holder. In general terms, a single class REMIC is one that either (i)
would qualify, under existing Treasury regulations, as a grantor trust if it
were not a REMIC (treating all interests as ownership interests, even if they
would be classified as debt for federal income tax purposes) or (ii) is similar
to such a trust and which is structured with the principal purpose of avoiding
the single class REMIC rules. Unless otherwise stated in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement, the expenses of the REMIC will be allocated to Holders of
the related Residual Interest Securities.
TAXATION OF THE REMIC
GENERAL. Although a REMIC is a separate entity for federal income tax
purposes, a REMIC is not generally subject to entity-level tax. Rather, the
taxable income or net loss of a REMIC is taken into account by the holders of
residual interests. As described above, the regular interests are generally
taxable as debt of the REMIC.
TIERED REMIC STRUCTURES. For certain Series of Securities, two or more
separate elections may be held to treat designated portions of the related Trust
Fund as REMICs ("Tiered REMICs") for federal income tax purposes. Upon the
issuance of any such Series of Securities, Federal Tax Counsel will deliver its
opinion generally to the effect that, assuming compliance with all provisions of
the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement, the Tiered REMICs will each qualify
as a REMIC and the REMIC Certificates issued by the Tiered REMICs, respectively,
will be considered to evidence ownership of Regular Certificates or Residual
Certificates in the related REMIC within the meaning of the REMIC Provisions.
Solely for purposes of determining whether the REMIC Certificates will be
"qualifying real property loans" under Section 593(d) of the Code, "real estate
assets" within the meaning of Section 856(c)(5)(A) of the Code, and "loans
secured by an interest in real property" under Section 7701(a)(19)(C) of the
Code, and whether the income on such Certificates is interest described in
Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code, the Tiered REMICs will be treated as one
REMIC.
CALCULATION OF REMIC INCOME. The taxable income or net loss of a REMIC is
determined under an accrual method of accounting and in the same manner as in
the case of an individual, with certain adjustments. In general, the taxable
income or net loss will be the difference between (i) the gross income produced
by the REMIC's assets, including stated interest and any original issue discount
or market discount on loans and other assets, and (ii) deductions, including
stated interest and original issue discount accrued on Regular Interest
Securities, amortization of any premium with respect to Loans, and servicing
fees and other expenses of the REMIC. A Holder of a Residual Interest Security
that is an individual or a "pass-through interest holder" (including certain
pass-through entities, but not including real estate investment trusts) will be
unable to deduct servicing fees payable on the Loans or other administrative
expenses of the REMIC for a given taxable year, to the extent that such
expenses, when aggregated with such Holder's other miscellaneous itemized
deductions for that year, do not exceed two percent of such Holder's adjusted
gross income.
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For purposes of computing its taxable income or net loss, the REMIC should
have an initial aggregate tax basis in its assets equal to the aggregate fair
market value of the regular interests and the residual interests on the Startup
Day (generally, the day that the interests are issued). Such aggregate basis
will be allocated among the assets of the REMIC in proportion to their
respective fair market values.
The OID provisions of the Code apply to loans of individuals originated on
or after March 2, 1984, and the market discount provisions apply to loans
originated after July 18, 1984. Subject to possible application of the de
minimis rules, the method of accrual by the REMIC of OID income on such loans
will be equivalent to the method under which Holders of Pay-Through Securities
accrue original issue discount (i.e., under the constant yield method taking
into account the Prepayment Assumption). The REMIC will deduct OID on the
Regular Interest Securities in the same manner that the Holders of the Regular
Interest Securities include such discount in income, but without regard to the
de minimis rules. See "Taxation of Debt Securities" above. However, a REMIC that
acquires loans at a market discount must include such market discount in income
currently, as it accrues, on a constant interest basis.
To the extent that the REMIC's basis allocable to loans that it holds
exceeds their principal amounts, the resulting premium, if attributable to
mortgages originated after September 27, 1985, will be amortized over the life
of the loans (taking into account the Prepayment Assumption) on a constant yield
method. Although the law is somewhat unclear regarding recovery of premium
attributable to loans originated on or before such date, it is possible that
such premium may be recovered in proportion to payments of loan principal.
PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS TAX. The REMIC will be subject to
a 100% tax on any net income derived from a "prohibited transaction." For this
purpose, net income will be calculated without taking into account any losses
from prohibited transactions or any deductions attributable to any prohibited
transaction that resulted in a loss. In general, prohibited transactions
include: (i) subject to limited exceptions, the sale or other disposition of any
qualified mortgage transferred to the REMIC; (ii) subject to a limited
exception, the sale or other disposition of a cash flow investment; (iii) the
receipt of any income from assets not permitted to be held by the REMIC pursuant
to the Code; or (iv) the receipt of any fees or other compensation for services
rendered by the REMIC. It is anticipated that a REMIC will not engage in any
prohibited transactions in which it would recognize a material amount of net
income. In addition, subject to a number of exceptions, a tax is imposed at the
rate of 100% on amounts contributed to a REMIC after the close of the
three-month period beginning on the Startup Day. The Holders of Residual
Interest Securities will generally be responsible for the payment of any such
taxes imposed on the REMIC. To the extent not paid by such Holders or otherwise,
however, such taxes will be paid out of the Trust Fund and will be allocated pro
rata to all outstanding Classes of Securities of such REMIC.
TAXATION OF HOLDERS OF RESIDUAL INTEREST SECURITIES
The Holder of a Security representing a residual interest (a "Residual
Interest Security") will take into account the "daily portion" of the taxable
income or net loss of the REMIC for each day during the taxable year on which
such Holder held the Residual Interest Security. The daily portion is determined
by allocating to each day in any calendar quarter its ratable portion of the
taxable income or net loss of the REMIC for such quarter, and by allocating that
amount among the Holders (on such day) of the Residual Interest Securities in
proportion to their respective holdings on such day.
The Holder of a Residual Interest Security must report its proportionate
share of the taxable income of the REMIC whether or not it receives cash
distributions from the REMIC attributable to such income or loss. The reporting
of taxable income without corresponding distributions could occur, for example,
in certain REMIC issues in which the loans held by the REMIC were issued or
acquired at a discount, since mortgage prepayments cause recognition of discount
income, while the corresponding portion of the prepayment could be used in whole
or in part to make principal payments on REMIC Regular Interests issued without
any discount or at an insubstantial discount. (If this occurs, it is likely that
cash distributions will exceed taxable income in later years.) Taxable income
may also be greater in earlier years of certain
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REMIC issues as a result of the fact that interest expense deductions, as a
percentage of outstanding principal on REMIC Regular Interest Securities, will
typically increase over time as lower yielding Securities are paid, whereas
interest income with respect to loans will generally remain constant over time
as a percentage of loan principal.
In any event, because the holder of a residual interest is taxed on the net
income of the REMIC, the taxable income derived from a Residual Interest
Security in a given taxable year will not be equal to the taxable income
associated with investment in a corporate bond or stripped instrument having
similar cash flow characteristics and pretax yield. Therefore, the after-tax
yield on the Residual Interest Security may be less than that of such a bond or
instrument.
LIMITATION ON LOSSES. The amount of the REMIC's net loss that a Holder may
take into account currently is limited to the Holder's adjusted basis at the end
of the calendar quarter in which such loss arises. A Holder's basis in a
Residual Interest Security will initially equal such Holder's purchase price,
and will subsequently be increased by the amount of the REMIC's taxable income
allocated to the Holder, and decreased (but not below zero) by the amount of
distributions made and the amount of the REMIC's net loss allocated to the
Holder. Any disallowed loss may be carried forward indefinitely, but may be used
only to offset income of the REMIC generated by the same REMIC. The ability of
Holders of Residual Interest Securities to deduct net losses may be subject to
additional limitations under the Code, as to which such Holders should consult
their tax advisers.
DISTRIBUTIONS. Distributions on a Residual Interest Security (whether at
their scheduled times or as a result of prepayments) will generally not result
in any additional taxable income or loss to a Holder of a Residual Interest
Security. If the amount of such payment exceeds a holder's adjusted basis in the
Residual Interest Security, however, the Holder will recognize gain (treated as
gain from the sale of the Residual Interest Security) to the extent of such
excess.
SALE OR EXCHANGE. A Holder of a Residual Interest Security will recognize
gain or loss on the sale or exchange of a Residual Interest Security equal to
the difference, if any, between the amount realized and such Holder's adjusted
basis in the Residual Interest Security at the time of such sale or exchange.
Except to the extent provided in regulations, which have not yet been issued,
any loss upon disposition of a Residual Interest Security will be disallowed if
the selling Holder acquires any residual interest in a REMIC or similar mortgage
pool within six months before or after such disposition.
EXCESS INCLUSIONS. The portion of the REMIC taxable income of a Holder of a
Residual Interest Security consisting of "excess inclusion" income may not be
offset by other deductions or losses, including net operating losses, on such
Holder's federal income tax return. An exception applies to organizations to
which Code Section 593 applies (generally, certain thrift institutions);
however, such exception will not apply if the aggregate value of the Residual
Interest Securities is not considered to be "significant," as described below.
Further, if the Holder of a Residual Interest Security is an organization
subject to the tax on unrelated business income imposed by Code Section 511,
such Holder's excess inclusion income will be treated as unrelated business
taxable income of such Holder. In addition, under Treasury regulations yet to be
issued, if a real estate investment trust, a regulated investment company, a
common trust fund, or certain cooperatives were to own a Residual Interest
Security, a portion of dividends (or other distributions) paid by the real
estate investment trust (or other entity) would be treated as excess inclusion
income. If a Residual Security is owned by a foreign person, excess inclusion
income is subject to tax at a rate of 30% which may not be reduced by treaty, is
not eligible for treatment as "portfolio interest" and is subject to certain
additional limitations. See "Tax Treatment of Foreign Investors." Regulations
provide that a Residual Interest Security has significant value only if (i) the
aggregate issue price of the Residual Interest Security is at least 2% of the
aggregate of the issue prices of all Regular Interest Securities and Residual
Interest Securities in the REMIC and (ii) the anticipated weighted average life
(determined as specified in the Proposed Regulations) of the Residual Interest
Securities is at least 20% of the weighted average life of the REMIC.
The excess inclusion portion of a REMIC's income is generally equal to the
excess, if any, of REMIC taxable income for the quarterly period allocable to a
Residual Interest Security, over the daily accruals for
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such quarterly period of (i) 120% of the long term applicable federal rate on
the Startup Date multiplied by (ii) the adjusted issue price of such Residual
Interest Security at the beginning of such quarterly period. The adjusted issue
price of a Residual Interest Security at the beginning of each calendar quarter
will equal its issue price (calculated in a manner analogous to the
determination of the issue price of a Regular Interest Security), increased by
the aggregate of the daily accruals for prior calendar quarters, and decreased
(but not below zero) by the amount of loss allocated to a Holder and the amount
of distributions made on the Residual Interest Security before the beginning of
the quarter. The long-term federal rate, which is announced monthly by the
Treasury Department, is an interest rate that is based on the average market
yield of outstanding marketable obligations of the United States government
having remaining maturities in excess of nine years.
Under the REMIC Regulations, in certain circumstances, transfers of Residual
Interest Securities may be disregarded. See "-- Restrictions on Ownership and
Transfer of Residual Interest Securities" and "-- Tax Treatment of Foreign
Investors" below.
RESTRICTIONS ON OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER OF RESIDUAL INTEREST SECURITIES. As
a condition to qualification as a REMIC, reasonable arrangements must be made to
prevent the ownership of a REMIC residual interest by any "Disqualified
Organization." Disqualified Organizations include the United States, any State
or political subdivision thereof, any foreign government, any international
organization, or any agency or instrumentality of any of the foregoing, a rural
electric or telephone cooperative described in Section 1381(a)(2)(C) of the
Code, or any entity exempt from the tax imposed by Sections 1-1399 of the Code,
if such entity is not subject to tax on its unrelated business income.
Accordingly, the applicable Pooling and Servicing Agreement will prohibit
Disqualified Organizations from owning a Residual Interest Security. In
addition, no transfer of a Residual Interest Security will be permitted unless
the proposed transferee shall have furnished to the Trustee an affidavit
representing and warranting that it is neither a Disqualified Organization nor
an agent or nominee acing on behalf of a Disqualified Organization.
If a Residual Interest Security is transferred to a Disqualified
Organization after March 31, 1988 (in violation of the restrictions set forth
above), a substantial tax will be imposed on the transferor of such Residual
Interest Security at the time of the transfer. In addition, if a Disqualified
Organization holds an interest in a pass-through entity after March 31, 1988
(including, among others, a partnership, trust, real estate investment trust,
regulated investment company, or any person holding as nominee), that owns a
Residual Interest Security, the pass-through entity will be required to pay an
annual tax on its allocable share of the excess inclusion income of the REMIC.
Under the REMIC Regulations, if a Residual Interest Security is a
"noneconomic residual interest," as described below, a transfer of a Residual
Interest Security to a United States person will be disregarded for all federal
tax purposes unless no significant purpose of the transfer was to impede the
assessment or collection of tax. A Residual Interest Security is a "noneconomic
residual interest" unless, at the time of the transfer (i) the present value of
the expected future distributions on the Residual Interest Security at least
equals the product of the present value of the anticipated excess inclusions and
the highest rate of tax for the year in which the transfer occurs, and (ii) the
transferor reasonably expects that the transferee will receive distributions
from the REMIC at or after the time at which the taxes accrue on the anticipated
excess inclusions in an amount sufficient to satisfy the accrued taxes. If a
transfer of a Residual Interest Security is disregarded, the transferor would be
liable for any federal income tax imposed upon taxable income derived by the
transferee from the REMIC. The REMIC Regulations provide no guidance as to how
to determine if a significant purpose of a transfer is to impede the assessment
or collection of tax. A similar type of limitation exists with respect to
certain transfers of residual interests by foreign persons to United States
persons. See "-- Tax Treatment of Foreign Investors."
MARK TO MARKET RULES. Prospective purchasers of a Residual Interest
Security should be aware that on December 28, 1993, the Internal Revenue Service
released temporary regulations (the "Temporary Mark to Market Regulations")
relating to the requirement that a securities dealer mark-to-market securities
held for sale to customers. This mark-to-market requirement applies to all
securities of a dealer, except to the extent that the dealer has specifically
identified a security as held for investment. The Temporary Mark to Market
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Regulations provide that for purposes of this mark-to-market requirement, a
"negative value" Residual Interest Security is not treated as a security and
thus may not be marked to market. In addition, a dealer is not required to
identify such Residual Interest Security as held for investment. In general, a
Residual Interest Security has negative value if, as of the date a taxpayer
acquires the Residual Interest Security, the present value of the tax
liabilities associated with holding the Residual Interest Security exceeds the
sum of (i) the present value of the expected future distributions on the
Residual Interest Security, and (ii) the present value of the anticipated tax
savings associated with holding the Residual Interest Security as the REMIC
generates losses. The amounts and present values of the anticipated tax
liabilities, expected future distributions and anticipated tax savings are all
to be determined using (i) the prepayment and reinvestment assumptions adopted
under Section 1272(a)(6), or that would have been adopted had the REMIC's
regular interests been issued with OID, (ii) any required or permitted clean up
calls, or required qualified liquidation provided for in the REMIC's
organizational documents and (iii) a discount rate equal to the "applicable
Federal rate" (as specified in Section 1274(d)(1) that would apply to a debt
instrument issued on the date of acquisition of the Residual Interest Security.
Furthermore, the Temporary Mark to Market Regulations provide the IRS with the
authority to treat any Residual Interest Security having substantially the same
economic effect as a "negative value" residual interest as a "negative value"
residual interest.
On January 3, 1995, the IRS released proposed regulations under Section 475
(the "Proposed Mark-to-Market Regulations"). The Proposed Mark-to-Market
Regulations provide that any REMIC Residual Interest acquired after January 3,
1995 cannot be marked to market, regardless of the value of such REMIC residual
interest. The Temporary Mark-to-Market Regulations described above still apply
to any REMIC Residual Interest acquired on or prior to January 3, 1995. Thus,
holders of positive value REMIC Residual Interests acquired on or prior to
January 3, 1995 may continue to mark such residual interests to market for the
entire economic life of such interests.
ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS
The REMIC's books must be maintained on a calendar year basis and the REMIC
must file an annual federal income tax return. The REMIC will also be subject to
the procedural and administrative rules of the Code applicable to partnerships,
including the determination of any adjustments to, among other things, items of
REMIC income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit, by the IRS in a unified
administrative proceeding.
TAX STATUS AS A GRANTOR TRUST
GENERAL. As specified in the related Prospectus Supplement if a REMIC or
partnership election is not made, in the opinion of Federal Tax Counsel, the
Trust Fund relating to a Series of Securities will be classified for federal
income tax purposes as a grantor trust under Subpart E, Part 1 of Subchapter J
of the Code and not as an association taxable as a corporation (the Securities
of such Series, "PassThrough Securities"). In some Series there will be no
separation of the principal and interest payments on the Loans. In such
circumstances, a Holder will be considered to have purchased a pro rata
undivided interest in each of the Loans. In other cases ("Stripped Securities"),
sale of the Securities will produce a separation in the ownership of all or a
portion of the principal payments from all or a portion of the interest payments
on the Loans.
Each Holder must report on its federal income tax return its share of the
gross income derived from the Loans (not reduced by the amount payable as fees
to the Trustee and the Servicer and similar fees (collectively, the "Servicing
Fees")), at the same time and in the same manner as such items would have been
reported under the Holder's tax accounting method had it held its interest in
the Loans directly, received directly its share of the amounts received with
respect to the Loans, and paid directly its share of the Servicing Fees. In the
case of PassThrough Securities other than Stripped Securities, such income will
consist of a pro rata share of all of the income derived from all of the Loans
and, in the case of Stripped Securities, such income will consist of a pro rata
share of the income derived from each stripped bond or stripped coupon in which
the Holder owns an interest. The Holder of a Security will generally be entitled
to deduct
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such Servicing Fees under Section 162 or Section 212 of the Code to the extent
that such Servicing Fees represent "reasonable" compensation for the services
rendered by the Trustee and the Servicer (or third parties that are compensated
for the performance of services). In the case of a noncorporate Holder, however,
Servicing Fees (to the extent not otherwise disallowed, e.g., because they
exceed reasonable compensation) will be deductible in computing such Holder's
regular tax liability only to the extent that such fees, when added to other
miscellaneous itemized deductions, exceed 2% of adjusted gross income and may
not be deducible to any extent in computing such Holder's alternative minimum
tax liability. In addition, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1990,
the amount of itemized deductions otherwise allowable for the taxable year for
an individual whose adjusted gross income exceeds the applicable amount (which
amount will be adjusted for inflation in taxable years beginning after 1990)
will be reduced by the lesser of (i) 3% of the excess of adjusted gross income
over the applicable amount or (ii) 80% of the amount of itemized deductions
otherwise allowable for such taxable year.
DISCOUNT OR PREMIUM ON PASS-THROUGH SECURITIES. The Holder's purchase price
of a Pass-Through Security is to be allocated among the Loans in proportion to
their fair market values, determined as of the time of purchase of the
Securities. In the typical case, the Trustee (to the extent necessary to fulfill
its reporting obligations) will treat each Loan as having a fair market value
proportional to the share of the aggregate principal balances of all of the
Loans that it represents, since the Securities, unless otherwise specified in
the applicable Prospectus Supplement, will have a relatively uniform interest
rate and other common characteristics. To the extent that the portion of the
purchase price of a Pass-Through Security allocated to a Loan (other than to a
right to receive any accrued interest thereon and any undistributed principal
payments) is less than or greater than the portion of the principal balance of
the Loan allocable to the Security, the interest in the Loan allocable to the
Pass-Through Security will be deemed to have been acquired at a discount or
premium, respectively.
The treatment of any discount will depend on whether the discount represents
OID or market discount. In the case of a Loan with OID in excess of a prescribed
DE MINIMIS amount or a Stripped Security, a Holder of a Security will be
required to report as interest income in each taxable year its share of the
amount of OID that accrues during that year in the manner described above. OID
with respect to a Loan could arise, for example, by virtue of the financing of
points by the originator of the Loan, or by virtue of the charging of points by
the originator of the Loan in an amount greater than a statutory DE MINIMIS
exception, in circumstances under which the points are not currently deductible
pursuant to applicable Code provisions. Any market discount or premium on a Loan
will be includible in income, generally in the manner described above, except
that in the case of Pass-Through Securities, market discount is calculated with
respect to the Loans underlying the Security, rather than with respect to the
Security. A Holder that acquires an interest in a Loan originated after July 18,
1984 with more than a DE MINIMIS amount of market discount (generally, the
excess of the principal amount of the Loan over the purchaser's allocable
purchase price) will be required to include accrued market discount in income in
the manner set forth above. See "-- Taxation of Debt Securities; Market
Discount" and "-- Premium" above.
In the case of market discount on a Pass-Through Security attributable to
Loans originated on or before July 18, 1984, the Holder generally will be
required to allocate the portion of such discount that is allocable to a Loan
among the principal payments on the Loan and to include the discount allocable
to each principal payment in ordinary income at the time such principal payment
is made. Such treatment would generally result in discount being included in
income at a slower rate than discount would be required to be included in income
using the method described in the preceding paragraph.
STRIPPED SECURITIES. A Stripped Security may represent a right to receive
only a portion of the interest payments on the Loans, a right to receive only
principal payments on the Loans, or a right to receive certain payments of both
interest and principal. Certain Stripped Securities ("Ratio Strip Securities")
may represent a right to receive differing percentages of both the interest and
principal on each Loan. Pursuant to Section 1286 of the Code, the separation of
ownership of the right to receive some or all of the interest payments on an
obligation from ownership of the right to receive some or all of the principal
payments results in the creation of "stripped bonds" with respect to principal
payments and "stripped coupons" with respect to
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interest payments. Section 1286 of the Code applies the OID rules to stripped
bonds and stripped coupons. For purposes of computing original issue discount, a
stripped bond or a stripped coupon is treated as a debt instrument issued on the
date that such stripped interest is purchased with an issue price equal to its
purchase price or, if more than one stripped interest is purchased, the ratable
share of the purchase price allocable to such stripped interest.
Servicing Fees in excess of reasonable servicing fees ("excess servicing")
will be treated under the stripped bond rules. If the excess servicing fee is
less than 100 basis points (i.e. 1% interest on the Loan principal balance) or
the Securities are initially sold with a DE MINIMIS discount (assuming no
prepayment assumption is required), any non-DE MINIMIS discount arising from a
subsequent transfer of the Securities should be treated as market discount. The
IRS appears to require that reasonable servicing fees be calculated on a Loan by
Loan basis, which could result in some Loans being treated as having more than
100 basis points of interest stripped off.
The Code, OID Regulations and judicial decisions provide no direct guidance
as to how the interest and original issue discount rules are to apply to
Stripped Securities and other Pass-Through Securities. Under the method
described above for Pay-Through Securities (the "Cash Flow Bond Method"), a
prepayment assumption is used and periodic recalculations are made which take
into account with respect to each accrual period the effect of prepayments
during such period. However, the 1986 Act does not, absent Treasury regulations,
appear specifically to cover instruments such as the Stripped Securities which
technically represent ownership interests in the underlying Loans, rather than
being debt instruments "secured by" those Loans. Nevertheless, it is believed
that the Cash Flow Bond Method is a reasonable method of reporting income for
such Securities, and it is expected that OID will be reported on that basis
unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. In applying the
calculation to Pass-Through Securities, the Trustee will treat all payments to
be received by a Holder with respect to the underlying Loans as payments on a
single installment obligation. The IRS could, however, assert that original
issue discount must be calculated separately for each Loan underlying a
Security.
Under certain circumstances, if the Loans prepay at a rate faster than the
Prepayment Assumption, the use of the Cash Flow Bond Method may accelerate a
Holder's recognition of income. If, however, the Loans prepay at a rate slower
than the Prepayment Assumption, in some circumstances the use of this method may
decelerate a Holder's recognition of income.
POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE CHARACTERIZATIONS. The characterizations of the
Stripped Securities described above are not the only possible interpretations of
the applicable Code provisions. Among other possibilities, the Internal Revenue
Service could contend that (i) in certain Series, each Security is composed of
an unstripped undivided ownership interest in Loans and an installment
obligation consisting of stripped principal payments; (ii) the Securities are
subject to the contingent payment provisions of the Proposed Regulations; or
(iii) each Stripped Security the payments on which consist primarily or solely
of a specified portion of the interest payments on Loans is composed of an
unstripped undivided ownership interest in Loans and an installment obligation
consisting of stripped interest payments.
Given the variety of alternatives for treatment of the Stripped Securities
and the different federal income tax consequences that result from each
alternative, potential purchasers are urged to consult their own tax advisers
regarding the proper treatment of the Securities for federal income tax
purposes.
CHARACTER AS QUALIFYING LOANS. In the case of Stripped Securities there is
no specific legal authority existing regarding whether the character of the
Securities, for federal income tax purposes, will be the same as the Loans. The
IRS could take the position that the Loans' character is not carried over to the
Securities in such circumstances. To the extent the Trust Fund's assets are
qualifying assets, Pass-Through Securities will be, and, although the matter is
not free from doubt, Stripped Securities should be considered to represent
"qualifying real property loans" within the meaning of Section 593(d) of the
Code, "real estate assets" within the meaning of Section 856(c)(6)(B) of the
Code, and "loans secured by an interest in real property" within the meaning of
Section 7701(a)(19)(C)(v) of the Code; and interest income attributable to the
Securities should be considered to represent "interest on obligations secured by
mortgages on real property or on
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interests in real property" with the meaning of Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the
Code. Reserves or funds underlying the Securities may cause a proportionate
reduction in the above-described qualifying status categories of Securities.
SALE OR EXCHANGE
Subject to the discussion below with respect to Trust Funds as to which a
partnership election is made, a Holder's tax basis in its Security is the price
such Holder pays for a Security, plus amounts of original issue or market
discount included in income and reduced by any payments received (other than
qualified stated interest payments) and any amortized premium. Gain or loss
recognized on a sale, exchange, or redemption of a Security, measured by the
difference between the amount realized and the Security's basis as so adjusted,
will generally be capital gain or loss, assuming that the Security is held as a
capital asset. In the case of a Security held by a bank, thrift, or similar
institution described in Section 582 of the Code, however, gain or loss realized
on the sale or exchange of a Regular Interest Security will be taxable as
ordinary income or loss. In addition, gain from the disposition of a Regular
Interest Security that might otherwise be capital gain will be treated as
ordinary income to the extent of the excess, if any, of (i) the amount that
would have been includible in the Holder's income if the yield on such Regular
Interest Security had equaled 110% of the applicable federal rate as of the
beginning of such Holder' s holding period, over the amount of ordinary income
actually recognized by the Holder with respect to such Regular Interest
Security. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 1993, the maximum tax
rate on ordinary income for individual taxpayers is 39.6% and the maximum tax
rate on long-term capital gains reported after December 31, 1990 for such
taxpayers is 28%. The maximum tax rate on both ordinary income and long-term
capital gains of corporate taxpayers is 35%.
MISCELLANEOUS TAX ASPECTS
BACKUP WITHHOLDING. Subject to the discussion below with respect to Trust
Funds as to which a partnership election is made, a Holder, other than a Holder
of a Residual Interest Security, may, under certain circumstances, be subject to
"backup withholding" at a rate of 31% with respect to distributions or the
proceeds of a sale of certificates to or through brokers that represent interest
or original issue discount on the Securities. This withholding generally applies
if the Holder of a Security (i) fails to furnish the Trustee with its taxpayer
identification number ("TIN"); (ii) furnishes the Trustee an incorrect TIN;
(iii) fails to report properly interest, dividends or other "reportable
payments" as defined in the Code; or (iv) under certain circumstances, fails to
provide the Trustee or such Holder's securities broker with a certified
statement, signed under penalty of perjury, that the TIN provided is its correct
number and that the Holder is not subject to backup withholding. Backup
withholding will not apply, however, with respect to certain payments made to
Holders, including payments to certain exempt recipients (such as exempt
organizations) and to certain Nonresidents (as defined below). Holders should
consult their tax advisers as to their qualification for exemption from backup
withholding and the procedure for obtaining the exemption.
The Trustee will report to the Holders and to the Servicer for each calendar
year the amount of any "reportable payments" during such year and the amount of
tax withheld, if any, with respect to payments on the Securities.
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TAX TREATMENT OF FOREIGN INVESTORS
Subject to the discussion below with respect to Trust Funds as to which a
partnership election is made, under the Code, unless interest (including OID)
paid on a Security (other than a Residual Interest Security) is considered to be
"effectively connected" with a trade or business conducted in the United States
by a nonresident alien individual, foreign partnership or foreign corporation
("Nonresidents"), such interest will normally qualify as portfolio interest
(except where (i) the recipient is a holder, directly or by attribution, of 10%
or more of the capital or profits interest in the issuer, or (ii) the recipient
is a controlled foreign corporation to which the issuer is a related person) and
will be exempt from federal income tax. Upon receipt of appropriate ownership
statements, the issuer normally will be relieved of obligations to withhold tax
from such interest payments. These provisions supersede the generally applicable
provisions of United States law that would otherwise require the issuer to
withhold at a 30% rate (unless such rate were reduced or eliminated by an
applicable tax treaty) on, among other things, interest and other fixed or
determinable, annual or periodic income paid to Nonresidents. Holders of
Pass-Through Securities and Stripped Securities, including Ratio Strip
Securities, however, may be subject to withholding to the extent that the Loans
were originated on or before July 18, 1984.
Interest and OID of Holders who are foreign persons are not subject to
withholding if they are effectively connected with a United States business
conducted by the Holder. They will, however, generally be subject to the regular
United States income tax.
Payments to Holders of Residual Interest Securities who are foreign persons
will generally be treated as interest for purposes of the 30% (or lower treaty
rate) United States withholding tax. Holders should assume that such income does
not qualify for exemption from United States withholding tax as "portfolio
interest." It is clear that, to the extent that a payment represents a portion
of REMIC taxable income that constitutes excess inclusion income, a Holder of a
Residual Interest Security will not be entitled to an exemption from or
reduction of the 30% (or lower treaty rate) withholding tax rule. If the
payments are subject to United States withholding tax, they generally will be
taken into account for withholding tax purposes only when paid or distributed
(or when the Residual Interest Security is disposed of). The Treasury has
statutory authority, however, to promulgate regulations which would require such
amounts to be taken into account at an earlier time in order to prevent the
avoidance of tax. Such regulations could, for example, require withholding prior
to the distribution of cash in the case of Residual Interest Securities that do
not have significant value. Under the REMIC Regulations, if a Residual Interest
Security has tax avoidance potential, a transfer of a Residual Interest Security
to a Nonresident will be disregarded for all federal tax purposes. A Residual
Interest Security has tax avoidance potential unless, at the time of the
transfer the transferor reasonably expects that the REMIC will distribute to the
transferee residual interest holder amounts that will equal at least 30% of each
excess inclusion, and that such amounts will be distributed at or after the time
at which the excess inclusions accrue and not later than the calendar year
following the calendar year of accrual. If a Nonresident transfers a Residual
Interest Security to a United States person, and if the transfer has the effect
of allowing the transferor to avoid tax on accrued excess inclusions, then the
transfer is disregarded and the transferor continues to be treated as the owner
of the Residual Interest Security for purposes of the withholding tax provisions
of the Code. See "-- Excess Inclusions."
TAX CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TRUST AS A PARTNERSHIP
Federal Tax Counsel will deliver its opinion that a Trust Fund for which a
partnership election is made will not be an association (or publicly traded
partnership) taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. This
opinion will be based on the assumption that the terms of the Trust Agreement
and related documents will be complied with, and on counsel's conclusions that
(1) the Trust Fund will not have certain characteristics necessary for a
business trust to be classified as an association taxable as a corporation and
(2) the nature of the income of the Trust Fund will exempt it from the rule that
certain publicly traded
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partnerships are taxable as corporations or the issuance of the Certificates has
been structured as a private placement under an IRS safe harbor, so that the
Trust Fund will not be characterized as a publicly traded partnership taxable as
a corporation.
If the Trust Fund were taxable as a corporation for federal income tax
purposes, the Trust Fund would be subject to corporate income tax on its taxable
income. The Trust Fund's taxable income would include all its income, possibly
reduced by its interest expense on the Notes. Any such corporate income tax
could materially reduce cash available to make payments on the Notes and
distributions on the Certificates, and Certificateholders could be liable for
any such tax that is unpaid by the Trust Fund.
TAX CONSEQUENCES TO HOLDERS OF THE NOTES
TREATMENT OF THE NOTES AS INDEBTEDNESS. The Trust Fund will agree, and the
Noteholders will agree by their purchase of Notes, to treat the Notes as debt
for federal income tax purposes. Except as otherwise provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, Federal Tax Counsel will advise the Depositor that the
Notes will be classified as debt for federal income tax purposes. The discussion
below assumes this characterization of the Notes is correct.
OID, INDEXED SECURITIES, ETC. The discussion below assumes that all
payments on the Notes are denominated in U.S. dollars, and that the Notes are
not Indexed Securities or Strip Notes. Moreover, the discussion assumes that the
interest formula for the Notes meets the requirements for "qualified stated
interest" under the OID regulations, and that any OID on the Notes (I.E., any
excess of the principal amount of the Notes over their issue price) does not
exceed a DE MINIMIS amount (I.E., 0.25% of their principal amount multiplied by
the number of full years included in their term), all within the meaning of the
OID regulations. If these conditions are not satisfied with respect to any given
Series of Notes, additional tax considerations with respect to such Notes will
be disclosed in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
INTEREST INCOME ON THE NOTES. Based on the above assumptions, except as
discussed in the following paragraph, the Notes will not be considered issued
with OID. The stated interest thereon will be taxable to a Noteholder as
ordinary interest income when received or accrued in accordance with such
Noteholder's method of tax accounting. Under the OID regulations, a Holder of a
Note issued with a DE MINIMIS amount of OID must include such OID in income, on
a pro rata basis, as principal payments are made on the Note. It is believed
that any prepayment premium paid as a result of a mandatory redemption will be
taxable as contingent interest when it becomes fixed and unconditionally
payable. A purchaser who buys a Note for more or less than its principal amount
will generally be subject, respectively, to the premium amortization or market
discount rules of the Code.
A holder of a Note that has a fixed maturity date of not more than one year
from the issue date of such Note (a "Short-Term Note") may be subject to special
rules. An accrual basis Holder of a Short-Term Note (and certain cash method
Holders, including regulated investment companies, as set forth in Section 1281
of the Code) generally would be required to report interest income as interest
accrues on a straight-line basis over the term of each interest period. Other
cash basis Holders of a Short-Term Note would, in general, be required to report
interest income as interest is paid (or, if earlier, upon the taxable
disposition of the Short-Term Note). However, a cash basis Holder of a
Short-Term Note reporting interest income as it is paid may be required to defer
a portion of any interest expense otherwise deductible on indebtedness incurred
to purchase or carry the Short-Term Note until the taxable disposition of the
Short-Term Note. A cash basis taxpayer may elect under Section 1281 of the Code
to accrue interest income on all nongovernment debt obligations with a term of
one year or less, in which case the taxpayer would include interest on the
Short-Term Note in income as it accrues, but would not be subject to the
interest expense deferral rule referred to in the preceding sentence. Certain
special rules apply if a Short-Term Note is purchased for more or less than its
principal amount.
SALE OR OTHER DISPOSITION. If a Noteholder sells a Note, the Holder will
recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount
realized on the sale and the Holder's adjusted tax basis in the Note. The
adjusted tax basis of a Note to a particular Noteholder will equal the Holder's
cost for the Note, increased by any market discount, acquisition discount, OID
and gain previously included by such Noteholder in income with respect to the
Note and decreased by the amount of bond premium (if any)
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previously amortized and by the amount of principal payments previously received
by such Noteholder with respect to such Note. Any such gain or loss will be
capital gain or loss if the Note was held as a capital asset, except for gain
representing accrued interest and accrued market discount not previously
included in income. Capital losses generally may be used only to offset capital
gains.
FOREIGN HOLDERS. Interest payments made (or accrued) to a Noteholder who is
a nonresident alien, foreign corporation or other non-United States person (a
"foreign person") generally will be considered "portfolio interest", and
generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax and
withholding tax, if the interest is not effectively connected with the conduct
of a trade or business within the United States by the foreign person and the
foreign person (i) is not actually or constructively a "10 percent shareholder"
of the Trust or the Seller (including a Holder of 10% of the outstanding
Certificates) or a "controlled foreign corporation" with respect to which the
Trust or the Seller is a "related person" within the meaning of the Code and
(ii) provides the Owner Trustee or other person who is otherwise required to
withhold U.S. tax with respect to the Notes with an appropriate statement (on
Form W-8 or a similar form), signed under penalties of perjury, certifying that
the beneficial owner of the Note is a foreign person and providing the foreign
person's name and address. If a Note is held through a securities clearing
organization or certain other financial institutions, the organization or
institution may provide the relevant signed statement to the withholding agent;
in that case, however, the signed statement must be accompanied by a Form W-8 or
substitute form provided by the foreign person that owns the Note. If such
interest is not portfolio interest, then it will be subject to United States
federal income and withholding tax at a rate of 30 percent, unless reduced or
eliminated pursuant to an applicable tax treaty.
Any capital gain realized on the sale, redemption, retirement or other
taxable disposition of a Note by a foreign person will be exempt from United
States federal income and withholding tax, provided that (i) such gain is not
effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United
States by the foreign person and (ii) in the case of an individual foreign
person, the foreign person is not present in the United States for 183 days or
more in the taxable year.
BACKUP WITHHOLDING. Each Holder of a Note (other than an exempt Holder such
as a corporation, tax-exempt organization, qualified pension and profit-sharing
trust, individual retirement account or nonresident alien who provides
certification as to status as a nonresident) will be required to provide, under
penalties of perjury, a certificate containing the Holder's name, address,
correct federal taxpayer identification number and a statement that the holder
is not subject to backup withholding. Should a nonexempt Noteholder fail to
provide the required certification, the Trust Fund will be required to withhold
31 percent of the amount otherwise payable to the Holder, and remit the withheld
amount to the IRS as a credit against the Holder's federal income tax liability.
POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS OF THE NOTES. If, contrary to the opinion
of Federal Tax Counsel, the IRS successfully asserted that one or more of the
Notes did not represent debt for federal income tax purposes, the Notes might be
treated as equity interests in the Trust Fund. If so treated, the Trust Fund
might be taxable as a corporation with the adverse consequences described above
(and the taxable corporation would not be able to reduce its taxable income by
deductions for interest expense on Notes recharacterized as equity).
Alternatively, and most likely in the view of Federal Tax Counsel, the Trust
Fund might be treated as a publicly traded partnership that would not be taxable
as a corporation because it would meet certain qualifying income tests.
Nonetheless, treatment of the Notes as equity interests in such a publicly
traded partnership could have adverse tax consequences to certain Holders. For
example, income to certain tax-exempt entities (including pension funds) would
be "unrelated business taxable income", income to foreign holders generally
would be subject to U.S. tax and U.S. tax return filing and withholding
requirements, and individual Holders might be subject to certain limitations on
their ability to deduct their share of the Trust Fund's expenses.
TAX CONSEQUENCES TO HOLDERS OF THE CERTIFICATES
TREATMENT OF THE TRUST FUND AS A PARTNERSHIP. The Trust Fund and the
Depositor will agree, and the Certificateholders will agree by their purchase of
Certificates, to treat the Trust Fund as a partnership for purposes of federal
and state income tax, franchise tax and any other tax measured in whole or in
part by
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income, with the assets of the partnership being the assets held by the Trust
Fund, the partners of the partnership being the Certificateholders, and the
Notes being debt of the partnership. However, the proper characterization of the
arrangement involving the Trust Fund, the Certificates, the Notes, the Trust
Fund and the Servicer is not clear because there is no authority on transactions
closely comparable to that contemplated herein.
A variety of alternative characterizations are possible. For example,
because the Certificates have certain features characteristic of debt, the
Certificates might be considered debt of the Trust Fund. Any such
characterization would not result in materially adverse tax consequences to
Certificateholders as compared to the consequences from treatment of the
Certificates as equity in a partnership, described below. The following
discussion assumes that the Certificates represent equity interests in a
partnership.
INDEXED SECURITIES, ETC. The following discussion assumes that all payments
on the Certificates are denominated in U.S. dollars, none of the Certificates
are Indexed Securities or Strip Certificates, and that a Series of Securities
includes a single Class of Certificates. If these conditions are not satisfied
with respect to any given Series of Certificates, additional tax considerations
with respect to such Certificates will be disclosed in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement.
PARTNERSHIP TAXATION. As a partnership, the Trust Fund will not be subject
to federal income tax. Rather, each Certificateholder will be required to
separately take into account such Holder's allocated share of income, gains,
losses, deductions and credits of the Trust Fund. The Trust Fund's income will
consist primarily of interest and finance charges earned on the Loans (including
appropriate adjustments for market discount, OID and bond premium) and any gain
upon collection or disposition of Loans. The Trust Fund's deductions will
consist primarily of interest accruing with respect to the Notes, servicing and
other fees, and losses or deductions upon collection or disposition of Loans.
The tax items of a partnership are allocable to the partners in accordance
with the Code, Treasury regulations and the partnership agreement (here, the
Trust Agreement and related documents). The Trust Agreement will provide, in
general, that the Certificateholders will be allocated taxable income of the
Trust Fund for each month equal to the sum of (i) the interest that accrues on
the Certificates in accordance with their terms for such month, including
interest accruing at the Pass Through Rate for such month and interest on
amounts previously due on the Certificates but not yet distributed; (ii) any
Trust Fund income attributable to discount on the Loans that corresponds to any
excess of the principal amount of the Certificates over their initial issue
price; (iii) prepayment premium payable to the Certificateholders for such
month; and (iv) any other amounts of income payable to the Certificateholders
for such month. Such allocation will be reduced by any amortization by the Trust
Fund of premium on Loans that corresponds to any excess of the issue price of
Certificates over their principal amount. All remaining taxable income of the
Trust Fund will be allocated to the Depositor. Based on the economic arrangement
of the parties, this approach for allocating Trust Fund income should be
permissible under applicable Treasury regulations, although no assurance can be
given that the IRS would not require a greater amount of income to be allocated
to Certificateholders. Moreover, even under the foregoing method of allocation,
Certificateholders may be allocated income equal to the entire Pass-Through Rate
plus the other items described above even though the Trust Fund might not have
sufficient cash to make current cash distributions of such amount. Thus, cash
basis Holders will in effect be required to report income from the Certificates
on the accrual basis and Certificateholders may become liable for taxes on Trust
Fund income even if they have not received cash from the Trust Fund to pay such
taxes. In addition, because tax allocations and tax reporting will be done on a
uniform basis for all Certificateholders but Certificateholders may be
purchasing Certificates at different times and at different prices,
Certificateholders may be required to report on their tax returns taxable income
that is greater or less than the amount reported to them by the Trust Fund.
All of the taxable income allocated to a Certificateholder that is a
pension, profit sharing or employee benefit plan or other tax-exempt entity
(including an individual retirement account) will constitute "unrelated business
taxable income" generally taxable to such a Holder under the Code.
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An individual taxpayer's share of expenses of the Trust Fund (including fees
to the Servicer but not interest expense) would be miscellaneous itemized
deductions. Such deductions might be disallowed to the individual in whole or in
part and might result in such Holder being taxed on an amount of income that
exceeds the amount of cash actually distributed to such Holder over the life of
the Trust Fund.
The Trust Fund intends to make all tax calculations relating to income and
allocations to Certificateholders on an aggregate basis. If the IRS were to
require that such calculations be made separately for each Loan, the Trust Fund
might be required to incur additional expense but it is believed that there
would not be a material adverse effect on Certificateholders.
DISCOUNT AND PREMIUM. It is believed that the Loans were not issued with
OID and, therefore, the Trust should not have OID income. However, the purchase
price paid by the Trust Fund for the Loans may be greater or less than the
remaining principal balance of the Loans at the time of purchase. If so, the
Loan will have been acquired at a premium or discount, as the case may be. (As
indicated above, the Trust Fund will make this calculation on an aggregate
basis, but might be required to recompute it on a Loan by Loan basis.)
If the Trust Fund acquires the Loans at a market discount or premium, the
Trust Fund will elect to include any such discount in income currently as it
accrues over the life of the Loans or to offset any such premium against
interest income on the Loans. As indicated above, a portion of such market
discount income or premium deduction may be allocated to Certificateholders.
SECTION 708 TERMINATION. Under Section 708 of the Code, the Trust Fund will
be deemed to terminate for federal income tax purposes if 50% or more of the
capital and profits interests in the Trust Fund are sold or exchanged within a
12-month period. If such a termination occurs, the Trust Fund will be considered
to distribute its assets to the partners, who would then be treated as
recontributing those assets to the Trust Fund as a new partnership. The Trust
Fund will not comply with certain technical requirements that might apply when
such a constructive termination occurs. As a result, the Trust Fund may be
subject to certain tax penalties and may incur additional expenses if it is
required to comply with those requirements. Furthermore, the Trust Fund might
not be able to comply due to lack of data.
DISPOSITION OF CERTIFICATES. Generally, capital gain or loss will be
recognized on a sale of Certificates in an amount equal to the difference
between the amount realized and the seller's tax basis in the Certificates sold.
A Certificateholder's tax basis in a Certificate will generally equal the
Holder's cost increased by the Holder's share of Trust Fund income (includible
in income) and decreased by any distributions received with
respect to such Certificate. In addition, both the tax basis in the Certificates
and the amount realized on a sale of a Certificate would include the Holder's
share of the Notes and other liabilities of the Trust Fund. A Holder acquiring
Certificates at different prices may be required to maintain a single aggregate
adjusted tax basis in such Certificates, and, upon sale or other disposition of
some of the Certificates, allocate a portion of such aggregate tax basis to the
Certificates sold (rather than maintaining a separate tax basis in each
Certificate for purposes of computing gain or loss on a sale of that
Certificate).
Any gain on the sale of a Certificate attributable to the Holder's share of
unrecognized accrued market discount on the Loans would generally be treated as
ordinary income to the Holder and would give rise to special tax reporting
requirements. The Trust Fund does not expect to have any other assets that would
give rise to such special reporting requirements. Thus, to avoid those special
reporting requirements, the Trust Fund will elect to include market discount in
income as it accrues.
If a Certificateholder is required to recognize an aggregate amount of
income (not including income attributable to disallowed itemized deductions
described above) over the life of the Certificates that exceeds the aggregate
cash distributions with respect thereto, such excess will generally give rise to
a capital loss upon the retirement of the Certificates.
ALLOCATIONS BETWEEN TRANSFERORS AND TRANSFEREES. In general, the Trust
Fund's taxable income and losses will be determined monthly and the tax items
for a particular calendar month will be apportioned among the Certificateholders
in proportion to the principal amount of Certificates owned by them as of the
close of the last day of such month. As a result, a Holder purchasing
Certificates may be allocated tax items (which will affect its tax liability and
tax basis) attributable to periods before the actual transaction.
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The use of such a monthly convention may not be permitted by existing
regulations. If a monthly convention is not allowed (or only applies to
transfers of less than all of the partner's interest), taxable income or losses
of the Trust Fund might be reallocated among the Certificateholders. The Trust
Fund's method of allocation between transferors and transferees may be revised
to conform to a method permitted by future regulations.
SECTION 754 ELECTION. In the event that a Certificateholder sells its
Certificates at a profit (loss), the purchasing Certificateholder will have a
higher (lower) basis in the Certificates than the selling Certificateholder had.
The tax basis of the Trust Fund' s assets will not be adjusted to reflect that
higher (or lower) basis unless the Trust Fund were to file an election under
Section 754 of the Code. In order to avoid the administrative complexities that
would be involved in keeping accurate accounting records, as well as potentially
onerous information reporting requirements, the Trust Fund will not make such
election. As a result, Certificateholders might be allocated a greater or lesser
amount of Trust Fund income than would be appropriate based on their own
purchase price for Certificates.
ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS. The Owner Trustee is required to keep or have kept
complete and accurate books of the Trust Fund. Such books will be maintained for
financial reporting and tax purposes on an accrual basis and the fiscal year of
the Trust Fund will be the calendar year. The Trustee will file a partnership
information return (IRS Form 1065) with the IRS for each taxable year of the
Trust Fund and will report each Certificateholder's allocable share of items of
Trust Fund income and expense to Holders and the IRS on Schedule K-1. The Trust
Fund will provide the Schedule K-1 information to nominees that fail to provide
the Trust Fund with the information statement described below and such nominees
will be required to forward such information to the beneficial owners of the
Certificates. Generally, Holders must file tax returns that are consistent with
the information return filed by the Trust Fund or be subject to penalties unless
the Holder notifies the IRS of all such inconsistencies.
Under Section 6031 of the Code, any person that holds Certificates as a
nominee at any time during a calendar year is required to furnish the Trust Fund
with a statement containing certain information on the nominee, the beneficial
owners and the Certificates so held. Such information includes (i) the name,
address and taxpayer identification number of the nominee and (ii) as to each
beneficial owner (x) the name, address and identification number of such person,
(y) whether such person is a United States person, a tax-exempt entity or a
foreign government, an international organization, or any wholly owned agency or
instrumentality of either of the foregoing, and (z) certain information on
Certificates that were held, bought or sold on behalf of such person throughout
the year. In addition, brokers and financial institutions that hold Certificates
through a nominee are required to furnish directly to the Trust Fund information
as to themselves and their ownership of Certificates. A clearing agency
registered under Section 17A of the Exchange Act is not required to furnish any
such information statement to the Trust Fund. The information referred to above
for any calendar year must be furnished to the Trust Fund on or before the
following January 31. Nominees, brokers and financial institutions that fail to
provide the Trust Fund with the information described above may be subject to
penalties.
The Depositor will be designated as the tax matters partner in the related
Trust Agreement and, as such, will be responsible for representing the
Certificateholders in any dispute with the IRS. The Code provides for
administrative examination of a partnership as if the partnership were a
separate and distinct taxpayer. Generally, the statute of limitations for
partnership items does not expire before three years after the date on which the
partnership information return is filed. Any adverse determination following an
audit of the return of the Trust Fund by the appropriate taxing authorities
could result in an adjustment of the returns of the Certificateholders, and,
under certain circumstances, a Certificateholder may be precluded from
separately litigating a proposed adjustment to the items of the Trust Fund. An
adjustment could also result in an audit of a Certificateholder's returns and
adjustments of items not related to the income and losses of the Trust Fund.
TAX CONSEQUENCES TO FOREIGN CERTIFICATEHOLDERS. It is not clear whether the
Trust Fund would be considered to be engaged in a trade or business in the
United States for purposes of federal withholding taxes with respect to non-U.S.
persons because there is no clear authority dealing with that issue under facts
substantially similar to those described herein. Although it is not expected
that the Trust Fund would be engaged in a trade or business in the United States
for such purposes, the Trust Fund will withhold as if it
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were so engaged in order to protect the Trust Fund from possible adverse
consequences of a failure to withhold. The Trust Fund expects to withhold on the
portion of its taxable income that is allocable to foreign Certificateholders
pursuant to Section 1446 of the Code, as if such income were effectively
connected to a U.S. trade or business, at a rate of 35% for foreign Holders that
are taxable as corporations and 39.6% for all other foreign Holders. Subsequent
adoption of Treasury regulations or the issuance of other administrative
pronouncements may require the Trust Fund to change its withholding procedures.
In determining a Holder's withholding status, the Trust Fund may rely on IRS
Form W-8, IRS Form W-9 or the Holder's certification of nonforeign status signed
under penalties of perjury.
Each foreign Holder might be required to file a U.S. individual or corporate
income tax return (including, in the case of a corporation, the branch profits
tax) on its share of the Trust Fund's income. Each foreign Holder must obtain a
taxpayer identification number from the IRS and submit that number to the Trust
Fund on Form W-8 in order to assure appropriate crediting of the taxes withheld.
A foreign Holder generally would be entitled to file with the IRS a claim for
refund with respect to taxes withheld by the Trust Fund taking the position that
no taxes were due because the Trust Fund was not engaged in a U.S. trade or
business. However, interest payments made (or accrued) to a Certificateholder
who is a foreign person generally will be considered guaranteed payments to the
extent such payments are determined without regard to the income of the Trust
Fund. If these interest payments are properly characterized as guaranteed
payments, then the interest will not be considered "portfolio interest." As a
result, Certificateholders will be subject to United States federal income tax
and withholding tax at a rate of 30%, unless reduced or eliminated pursuant to
an applicable treaty. In such case, a foreign Holder would only be entitled to
claim a refund for that portion of the taxes in excess of the taxes that should
be withheld with respect to the guaranteed payments.
BACKUP WITHHOLDING. Distributions made on the Certificates and proceeds
from the sale of the Certificates will be subject to a "backup" withholding tax
of 31% if, in general, the Certificateholder fails to comply with certain
identification procedures, unless the Holder is an exempt recipient under
applicable provisions of the Code.
STATE TAX CONSIDERATIONS
In addition to the federal income tax consequences described in "Certain
Federal Income Tax Considerations," potential investors should consider the
state and local income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and
disposition of the Securities. State and local income tax law may differ
substantially from the corresponding federal law, and this discussion does not
purport to describe any aspect of the income tax laws of any state or locality.
Therefore, potential investors should consult their own tax advisors with
respect to the various state and local tax consequences of an investment in the
Securities.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA")
and the Code impose certain restrictions on employee benefit plans subject to
ERISA and on plans and other arrangements subject to Section 4975 of the Code
and on persons who are parties in interest or disqualified persons ("parties in
interest") with respect to such plans or arrangements. Certain employee benefit
plans, such as governmental plans and church plans (if no election has been made
under Section 410(d) of the Code), are not subject to the restrictions of ERISA,
and assets of such plans may be invested in the Securities without regard to the
ERISA considerations described below, subject to other applicable federal and
state law. However, any such governmental or church plan which is qualified
under Section 401(a) of the Code and exempt from taxation under Section 501(a)
of the Code is subject to the prohibited transaction rules set forth in Section
503 of the Code.
A fiduciary of an employee benefit plan subject to Title I of ERISA should
consider the fiduciary standards under ERISA in the context of the plan's
particular circumstances before authorizing an investment of a portion of such
plan's assets in the Securities. Accordingly, among other factors, such
fiduciary should consider (i) whether the investment is for the exclusive
benefit of plan participants and their
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beneficiaries; (ii) whether the investment satisfies the diversification
requirements of Section 404 of ERISA; (iii) whether the investment is in
accordance with the documents and instruments governing the plan and (iv)
whether the investment is prudent, considering the nature of the investment.
Fiduciaries of such plans also should consider ERISA's prohibition on improper
delegation of control over, or responsibility for, plan assets.
In addition, fiduciaries of employee benefit plans subject to Title I of
ERISA, as well as certain plans or other retirement arrangements not subject to
ERISA but which are subject to Section 4975 of the Code (such as individual
retirement accounts and Keogh plans covering only a sole proprietor or partners)
or any entity, including an insurance company general account whose underlying
assets include plan assets by reason of a plan or account investing in such
entity, (collectively, "Plans(s)"), should consult with their legal counsel to
determine whether an investment in the Securities will cause the assets of the
Trust Fund to be considered plan assets pursuant to the plan asset regulations
set forth at 29 CFR Section 2510.3-101 (the "Regulation"), thereby subjecting
the Plan to the prohibited transaction rules with respect to the Trust Fund and
the Trustee, or any entities providing services with respect to the operation of
the Trust, to the fiduciary investment standards of ERISA, or cause the excise
tax provisions of Section 4975 of the Code to apply to the Trust Fund, unless a
statutory or regulatory exception or an administrative exemption granted by the
Department of Labor ("DOL") applies to the purchase, sale, transfer or holding
of the Securities.
The Regulation contains rules for determining what constitutes the assets of
a Plan. The Regulation provides that, as a general rule, the underlying assets
and properties of corporations, partnerships, trusts and certain other entities
in which a Plan makes an investment in an "equity interest" will be deemed for
purposes of ERISA to be assets of the Plan unless certain exceptions apply.
Under the terms of the Regulation, the Trust Fund may be deemed to hold plan
assets by reason of a Plan's investment in a Security; such plan assets would
include an undivided interest in the Primary Assets and any other assets held by
the Trust Fund. In such an event, persons providing services with respect to the
operation of the Trust Fund may be parties in interest, subject to the fiduciary
responsibility provisions of Title I of ERISA, including the prohibited
transaction provisions of Section 406 of ERISA and of Section 4975 of the Code,
with respect to transactions involving such assets unless such transactions are
subject to a statutory or regulatory exception or an administrative exemption.
One such exception applies if the interest described is treated as
indebtedness under applicable local law and which has no substantial equity
features. Generally, a profits interest in a partnership, an undivided ownership
interest in property and a beneficial ownership interest in a trust are deemed
to be "equity interests" under the final regulation. If Notes of a particular
Series were deemed to be indebtedness under applicable local law without any
substantial equity features, an investing Plan's assets would include such
Notes, but not, by reason of such purchase, the underlying assets of the Trust
Fund. However, without regard to whether the Notes are treated as an equity
interest for such purposes, the purchase, holding or transfer of Notes by or on
behalf of a Plan could be considered a prohibited transaction if the Depositor
or the Trustee or any of their respective affiliates is, or becomes, a party in
interest or disqualified person with respect to such Plan.
Another such exception applies if the class of equity interests in question
is: (i) "widely held" (held by 100 or more investors who are independent of the
Depositor and each other); (ii) freely transferable; and (iii) sold as part of
an offering pursuant to (A) an effective registration statement under the
Securities Act of 1933, and then subsequently registered under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 or (B) an effective registration statement under Section
12(b) or 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Publicly Offered
Securities"). In addition, the regulation provides that if at all times more
than 75% of the value of all classes of equity interests in the Depositor or the
Trust Fund are held by investors other than benefit plan investors (which is
defined as including both Plans and government plans), the investing Plan's
assets will not include any of the underlying assets of the Depositor or the
Trust Fund.
An additional exemption may also be available to the purchase, holding and
transfer of the Securities. The DOL granted to Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc., an
administrative exemption, Prohibited Transaction Exemption 90-30 (Application
No. D-8207, 55 Fed. Reg. 21461) (1990) (the "Exemption"), from certain of
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the prohibited transaction rules of ERISA with respect to the initial purchase,
the holding and the subsequent resale by Plans of securities representing
interests in asset-backed pass-through trusts that consist of certain
receivables, loans and other obligations that meet the conditions and
requirements of the Exemption, wherever Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. or its
affiliate is the sole underwriter, manager or co-manager of an underwriting
syndicate or is the selling or placement agent. The obligations covered by the
Exemption include obligations such as the Primary Assets (other than Private
Securities which are not insured or guaranteed by the United States or an agency
or instrumentality thereof, or Home Improvement Contracts that are unsecured).
The Exemption will apply to the acquisition, holding and transfer of the
Securities by a Plan, provided that certain conditions (certain of which are
described below) are met.
Among the conditions which must be satisfied for the Exemption to apply are
the following:
(i)
The acquisition of the Securities by a Plan is on terms (including
the price for the Securities) that are at least as favorable to the
Plan as they would be in an arm's-length transaction with an unrelated
party;
(ii)
The rights and interests evidenced by the Securities acquired by the
Plan are not subordinated to the rights and interests evidenced by
other securities of the trust;
(iii)
The Securities acquired by the Plan have received a rating at the
time of such acquisition that is in one of the three highest generic
rating categories from either Standard & Poor's Ratings Group ("Standard &
Poor' s"), Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"), Duff & Phelps Inc.
("D&P") or Fitch Investors Service, Inc. ("Fitch");
(iv)
The sum of all payments made to the underwriter in connection with
the distribution of the Securities represents not more than
reasonable compensation for underwriting the Securities. The sum of all
payments made to and retained by the seller pursuant to the sale of the
obligations to the trust represents not more than the fair market value of
such obligations. The sum of all payments made to and retained by the
servicer represents not more than reasonable compensation for the servicer's
services under the related servicing agreement and reimbursement of the
servicer's reasonable expenses in connection therewith;
(v)
The Trustee must not be an affiliate of any other member of the
Restricted Group (as defined below); and
(vi)
The Plan investing in the Securities is an "accredited investor" as
defined in Rule 501(a)(1) of Regulation D of the Securities and
Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933. The Depositor assumes
that only Plans which are accredited investors under the federal securities
laws will be permitted to purchase the Securities.
The trust also must meet the following requirements:
(i)
the corpus of the trust must consist solely of assets of the type
which have been included in other investment pools;
(ii)
securities in such other investment pools must have been rated in one
of the three highest generic rating categories of Standard & Poor's,
Moody's, D&P or Fitch for at least one year prior to the Plan's acquisition
of securities; and
(iii)
securities evidencing interests in such other investment pools must
have been purchased by investors other than Plans for at least one
year prior to any Plan's acquisition of Securities.
Moreover, the Exemption provides relief from certain self dealing/conflict
of interest prohibited transactions that may occur when the Plan fiduciary
causes a Plan to acquire securities in a trust in which the fiduciary (or its
affiliate) is an obligor on the receivables held in the trust provided that,
among other requirements: (i) in the case of an acquisition in connection with
the initial issuance of Securities, at least fifty (50) percent of each Class of
Securities in which Plans have invested is acquired by persons independent of
the Restricted Group and at least fifty (50) percent of the aggregate interest
in the trust is acquired by persons independent of the Restricted Group; (ii)
such fiduciary (or its affiliate) is an obligor with respect to five (5) percent
or less of the fair market value of the obligations contained in the trust;
(iii) the Plan's
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investment in Securities does not exceed twenty-five (25) percent of all of the
Securities outstanding after the acquisition; and (iv) no more than twenty-five
(25) percent of the assets of the Plan are invested in securities representing
an interest in one or more trusts containing assets sold or serviced by the same
entity. The Exemption does not apply to Plans sponsored by the Depositor, the
underwriters of the Securities, the Trustee, the Servicer, any obligor with
respect to obligations included in a Trust Fund constituting more than five (5)
percent of the aggregate unamortized principal balance of the assets in a Trust
Fund, or any affiliate of such parties (the "Restricted Group").
In the event that the Exemption is not applicable, some other prohibited
transaction class exemption issued by the DOL, including PTCE 95-60 (relating to
insurance company general accounts), PTCE 91-38 (relating to bank collective
funds), PTCE 90-1 (relating to insurance company pooled separate accounts) and
PTCE 84-14 (relating to investments by qualified plan asset managers) may apply,
depending on the circumstances.
Prospective Plan investors should consult with their legal advisors
concerning the impact of ERISA and the Code, the potential application of the
Exemption to the purchase and holding of the Securities and the potential
consequences to their specific circumstances, prior to making an investment in
the Securities. Moreover, each Plan fiduciary should determine whether under the
general fiduciary standards of investment procedure and diversification an
investment in the Securities is appropriate for the Plan, taking into account
the overall investment policy of the Plan and the composition of the Plan's
investment portfolio.
LEGAL INVESTMENT
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Securities will not constitute "mortgage-related securities" within the meaning
of SMMEA. Accordingly, investors whose investment authority is subject to legal
restrictions should consult their own legal advisors to determine whether and to
what extent the Securities constitute legal investments for them.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Depositor may offer each Series of Securities through Bear, Stearns &
Co. Inc. ("Bear Stearns") or one or more other firms that may be designated at
the time of each offering of such Securities. The participation of Bear Stearns
in any offering will comply with Schedule E to the By-Laws of the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. The Prospectus Supplement relating to
each Series of Securities will set forth the specific terms of the offering of
such Series of Securities and of each Class within such Series, the names of the
underwriters, the purchase price of the Securities, the proceeds to the
Depositor from such sale, any securities exchange on which the Securities may be
listed, and, if applicable, the initial public offering prices, the discounts
and commissions to the underwriters and any discounts and concessions allowed or
reallowed to certain dealers. The place and time of delivery of each Series of
Securities will also be set forth in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such
Series. Bear Stearns is an affiliate of the Depositor.
LEGAL MATTERS
Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain
legal matters in connection with the Securities will be passed upon for the
Depositor by Stroock & Stroock & Lavan, New York, New York.
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
The following are abbreviated definitions of certain capitalized terms used
in this Prospectus. Unless otherwise provided in a "Supplemental Glossary" in
the Prospectus Supplement for a Series, such definitions shall apply to
capitalized terms used in such Prospectus Supplement. The definitions may vary
from those in the related Agreement for a Series and the related Agreement for a
Series generally provides a more complete definition of certain of the terms.
Reference should be made to the related Agreement for a Series for a more
compete definition of such terms.
"Accrual Termination Date" means, with respect to a Class of Compound
Interest Securities, the Distribution Date specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
"Advance" means cash advanced by the Servicer in respect of delinquent
payments of principal of and interest on a Loan, and for any other purposes
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
"Agreement" means, with respect to a Series of Certificates, the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement or Trust Agreement, and, with respect to a Series of Notes,
the Indenture and the Servicing Agreement, as the context requires.
"Appraised Value" means, with respect to property securing a Loan, the
lesser of the appraised value determined in an appraisal obtained at origination
of the Loan or sales price of such property at such time.
"Asset Group" means, with respect to the Primary Assets and other assets
comprising the Trust Fund of a Series, a group of such Primary Assets and other
assets having the characteristics described in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
"Assumed Reinvestment Rate" means, with respect to a Series, the per annum
rate or rates specified in the related Prospectus Supplement for a particular
period or periods as the "Assumed Reinvestment Rate" for funds held in any fund
or account for the Series.
"Available Distribution Amount" means the amount in the Distribution Account
(including amounts deposited therein from any reserve fund or other fund or
account) eligible for distribution to Holders on a Distribution Date.
"Bankruptcy Code" means the federal bankruptcy code, 11 United States Code
101 et seq., and related rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
"Business Day" means a day that, in the City of New York or in the city or
cities in which the corporate trust office of the Trustee are located, is
neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions are authorized
or obligated by law, regulations or executive order to be closed.
"Certificate" means the Asset-Backed Certificates.
"Class" means a Class of Securities of a Series.
"Closing Date" means, with respect to a Series, the date specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement as the date on which Securities of such Series are
first issued.
"Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and regulations
(including proposed regulations) or other pronouncements of the Internal Revenue
Service promulgated thereunder.
"Collection Account" means, with respect to a Series, the account
established in the name of the Servicer for the deposit by the Servicer of
payments received from the Primary Assets.
"Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio" means, with respect to a Loan, the ratio
determined as set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement taking into account
the amounts of any related senior mortgage loans on the related Mortgaged
Property.
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"Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission.
"Compound Interest Security" means any Security of a Series on which all or
a portion of the interest accrued thereon is added to the principal balance of
such Security on each Distribution Date, through the Accrual Termination Date,
and with respect to which no interest shall be payable until such Accrual
Termination Date, after which interest payments will be made on the Compound
Value thereof.
"Compound Value" means, with respect to a Class of Compound Interest
Securities, the original principal balance of such Class, plus all accrued and
unpaid interest, if any, previously added to the principal balance thereof and
reduced by any payments of principal previously made on such Class of Compound
Interest Securities.
"Condominium" means a form of ownership of real property wherein each owner
is entitled to the exclusive ownership and possession of his or her individual
Condominium Unit and also owns a proportionate undivided interest in all parts
of the Condominium Building (other than the individual Condominium Units) and
all areas or facilities, if any, for the common use of the Condominium Units.
"Condominium Association" means the person(s) appointed or elected by the
Condominium Unit owners to govern the affairs of the Condominium.
"Condominium Building" means a multi-unit building or buildings, or a group
of buildings whether or not attached to each other, located on property subject
to Condominium ownership.
"Condominium Loan" means a Loan secured by a Mortgage on a Condominium Unit
(together with its appurtenant interest in the common elements).
"Condominium Unit" means an individual housing unit in a Condominium
Building.
"Cooperative" means a corporation owned by tenant-stockholders who, through
the ownership of stock, shares or membership securities in the corporation,
receive proprietary leases or occupancy agreements which confer exclusive rights
to occupy specific units and which is described in Section 216 of the Code.
"Cooperative Dwelling" means an individual housing unit in a building owned
by a Cooperative.
"Cooperative Loan" means a housing loan made with respect to a Cooperative
Dwelling and secured by an assignment by the borrower (tenant-stockholder) or
security interest in shares issued by the applicable Cooperative.
"Cut-off Date" means the date designated as such in the related Prospectus
Supplement for a Series.
"Debt Securities" means Securities characterized as indebtedness for federal
income tax purposes, and Regular Interest Securities.
"Deferred Interest" means the excess of the interest accrued on the
outstanding principal balance of a Loan during a specified period over the
amount of interest required to be paid by an obligor on such Loan on the related
Due Date.
"Deposit Agreement" means a guaranteed investment contract or reinvestment
agreement providing for the investment of funds held in a fund or account,
guaranteeing a minimum or a fixed rate of return on the investment of moneys
deposited therein.
"Depositor" means Bear Stearns Asset Backed Securities, Inc.
"Disqualified Organization" means the United States, any State or political
subdivision thereof, any possession of the United States, any foreign
government, any international organization, or any agency or
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instrumentality of any of the foregoing, a rural electric or telephone
cooperative described in section 1381(a)(2)(C) of the Code, or any entity exempt
from the tax imposed by sections 1-1399 of the Code, if such entity is not
subject to tax on its unrelated business income.
"Distribution Account" means, with respect to a Series, the account
established in the name of the Trustee for the deposit of remittances received
from the Servicer with respect to the Primary Assets.
"Distribution Date" means, with respect to a Series or Class of Securities,
each date specified as a distribution date for such Series or Class in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
"Due Date" means each date, as specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement for a Series, on which any payment of principal or interest is due
and payable by the obligor on any Primary Asset pursuant to the terms thereof.
"Eligible Investments" means any one or more of the obligations or
securities described as such in the related Agreement.
"Enhancement" means the enhancement for a Series, if any, specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
"Enhancer" means the provider of the Enhancement for a Series specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
"ERISA" means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended.
"Escrow Account" means an account, established and maintained by the
Servicer for a Loan, into which payments by borrowers to pay taxes, assessments,
mortgage and hazard insurance premiums and other comparable items required to be
paid to the mortgagee are deposited.
"FHLMC" means the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.
"Final Scheduled Distribution Date" means, with respect to a Class of Notes
of a Series, the date no later than which principal thereof will be fully paid
and with respect to a Class of Certificates of a Series, the date after which no
Certificates of such Class will remain outstanding, in each case based on the
assumptions set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
"FNMA" means the Federal National Mortgage Association.
"Holder" means the person or entity in whose name a Security is registered.
"Home Improvements" means the home improvements financed by a Home
Improvement Contract.
"Home Improvement Contract" means any home improvement installment sales
contracts and installment loan agreement which may be unsecured or secured by
purchase money security interest in the Home Improvement financed thereby.
"HUD" means the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.
"Indenture" means the indenture relating to a Series of Notes between the
Trust Fund and the Trustee.
"Insurance Policies" means certain mortgage insurance, hazard insurance and
other insurance policies required to be maintained with respect to Loans.
"Insurance Proceeds" means amount paid by the insurer under any of the
Insurance Policies covering any Loan or Mortgaged Property.
"Interest Only Securities" means a Class of Securities entitled solely or
primarily to distributions of interest and which is identified as such in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
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"IRS" means the Internal Revenue Service.
"Lifetime Rate Cap" means the lifetime limit if any, on the Loan Rate during
the life of each adjustable rate Loan.
"Liquidation Proceeds" means amounts received by the Servicer in connection
with the liquidation of a Loan, net of liquidation expenses.
"Loan Rate" means, unless otherwise indicated herein or in the Prospectus
Supplement, the interest rate borne by a Loan.
"Loans" mean Mortgage Loans and/or Home Improvement Contracts, collectively.
A Loan refers to a specific Mortgage Loan or Home Improvement Contract, as the
context requires.
"Loan-to-Value Ratio" means, with respect to a Loan, the ratio determined as
set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
"Minimum Rate" means the lifetime minimum Loan Rate during the life of each
adjustable rate Loan.
"Minimum Principal Payment Agreement" means a minimum principal payment
agreement with an entity meeting the criteria of the Rating Agencies.
"Modification" means a change in any term of a Loan.
"Mortgage" means the mortgage, deed of trust or other similar security
instrument securing a Mortgage Note.
"Mortgage Loan" means a closed-end home equity loan secured by a Mortgaged
Property.
"Mortgage Note" means the note or other evidence of indebtedness of a
Mortgagor under the Loan.
"Mortgagor" means the obligor on a Mortgage Note.
"1986 Act" means the Tax Reform Act of 1986.
"Notes" means the Asset-Backed Notes.
"Notional Amount" means the amount set forth in the related Prospectus
Supplement for a Class of Interest Only Securities.
"PAC" ("Planned Amortization Class Securities") means a Class of Securities
of a Series on which payments of principal are made in accordance with a
schedule specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, based on certain
assumptions stated therein.
"Participating Securities" means Securities entitled to receive payments of
principal and interest and an additional return on investment as described in
the related Prospectus Supplement.
"Pass-Through Security" means a security representing an undivided
beneficial interest in a pool of assets, including the right to receive a
portion of all principal and interest payments relating to those assets.
"Pay Through Security" means Regular Interest Securities and certain Debt
Securities that are subject to acceleration due to prepayment on the underlying
Primary Assets.
"Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture,
association, joint stock company, trust (including any beneficiary thereof),
unincorporated organization, or government or any agency or political
subdivision thereof.
"Pooling and Servicing Agreement" means the pooling and servicing agreement
relating to a Series of Certificates among the Depositor, the Servicer (if such
Series relates to Loans) and the Trustee.
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"Primary Assets" means the Private Securities and/or Loans, as the case may
be, which are included in the Trust Fund for such Series. A Primary Asset refers
to a specific Private Security or Loan, as the case may be.
"Principal Balance" means, with respect to a Primary Asset and as of a Due
Date, the original principal amount of the Primary Asset, plus the amount of any
Deferred Interest added to such principal amount, reduced by all payments, both
scheduled or otherwise, received on such Primary Asset prior to such Due Date
and applied to principal in accordance with the terms of the Primary Asset.
"Principal Only Securities" means a Class of Securities entitled solely or
primarily to distributions of principal and identified as such in the Prospectus
Supplement.
"Private Security" means a participation or pass-through certificate
representing a fractional, undivided interest in Underlying Loans or
collateralized obligations secured by Underlying Loans.
"Property" means either a Home Improvement or a Mortgaged Property securing
a Loan, as the context requires.
"PS Agreement" means the pooling and servicing agreement, indenture, trust
agreement or similar agreement pursuant to which a Private Security is issued.
"PS Servicer" means the servicer of the Underlying Loans.
"PS Sponsor" means, with respect to Private Securities, the sponsor or
depositor under a PS Agreement.
"PS Trustee" means the trustee designated under a PS Agreement.
"Qualified Insurer" means a mortgage guarantee or insurance company duly
qualified as such under the laws of the states in which the Mortgaged Properties
are located duly authorized and licensed in such states to transact the
applicable insurance business and to write the insurance provided.
"Rating Agency" means the nationally recognized statistical rating
organization (or organizations) which was (or were) requested by the Depositor
to rate the Securities upon the original issuance thereof.
"Regular Interest" means a regular interest in a REMIC.
"REMIC" means a real estate mortgage investment conduit.
"REMIC Administrator" means the Person, if any, specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement for a Series for which a REMIC election is made, to serve
as administrator of the Series.
"REMIC Provisions" means the provisions of the federal income tax law
relating to real estate mortgage investment conduits, which appear at sections
860A through 860G of Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of the Code, and related
provisions, and regulations, including proposed regulations and rulings, and
administrative pronouncements promulgated thereunder, as the foregoing may be in
effect from time to time.
"REO Property" means real property which secured a defaulted Loan,
beneficial ownership of which has been acquired upon foreclosure, deed in lieu
of foreclosure, repossession or otherwise.
"Reserve Fund" means, with respect to a Series, any Reserve Fund established
pursuant to the related Agreement.
"Residual Interest" means a residual interest in a REMIC.
"Retained Interest" means, with respect to a Primary Asset, the amount or
percentaged specified in the related Prospectus Supplement which is not included
in the Trust Fund for the related Series.
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"Scheduled Payments" means the scheduled payments of principal and interest
to be made by the borrower on a Primary Asset.
"Securities" means the Notes or the Certificates.
"Seller" means the seller of the Primary Assets to the Depositor identified
in the related Prospectus Supplement for a Series.
"Senior Securityholder" means a holder of a Senior Security.
"Senior Securities" means a Class of Securities as to which the holders'
rights to receive distributions of principal and interest are senior to the
rights of holders of Subordinate Securities, to the extent specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
"Series" means a separate series of Securities sold pursuant to this
Prospectus and the related Prospectus Supplement.
"Servicer" means, with respect to a Series relating to Loans, the Person if
any, designated in the related Prospectus Supplement to service Loans for that
Series, or the successors or assigns of such Person.
"Single Family Property" means property securing a Loan consisting of one-to
four-family attached or detached residential housing, including Cooperative
Dwellings.
"Stripped Securities" means Pass-Through Securities representing interests
in Primary Assets with respect to which all or a portion of the principal
payments have been separated from all or a portion of the interest payments.
"Subordinate Securityholder" means a Holder of a Subordinate Security.
"Subordinated Securities" means a Class of Securities as to which the rights
of holders to receive distributions of principal, interest or both is
subordinated to the rights of holders of Senior Securities, and may be allocated
losses and shortfalls prior to the allocation thereof to other Classes of
Securities, to the extent and under the circumstances specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
"Trustee" means the trustee under the applicable Agreement and its
successors.
"Trust Fund" means, with respect to any Series of Securities, the trust
holding all money, instruments, securities and other property, including all
proceeds thereof, which are, with respect to a Series of Certificates, held for
the benefit of the Holders by the Trustee under the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement or Trust Agreement or, with respect to a Series of Notes, pledged to
the Trustee under the Indenture as a security for such Notes, including, without
limitation, the Primary Assets (except any Retained Interests), all amounts in
the Distribution Account Collection Account or Reserve Funds, distributions on
the Primary Assets (net of servicing fees), and reinvestment earnings on such
net distributions and any Enhancement and all other property and interest held
by or pledged to the Trustee pursuant to the related Agreement for such Series.
"UCC" means the Uniform Commercial Code.
"Underlying Loans" means loans of the type eligible to be Loans underlying
or securing Private Securities.
"Variable Interest Security" means a Security on which interest accrues at a
rate that is adjusted, based upon a predetermined index, at fixed periodic
intervals, all as set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
"Zero Coupon Security" means a Security entitled to receive payments of
principal only.
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NO DEALER, SALESMAN OR OTHER PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY
INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING
OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE ACCOMPANYING
PROSPECTUS, AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT
BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE SELLER OR THE UNDERWRITER. THIS
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS DO NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER
TO SELL OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES OTHER THAN THE
CERTIFICATES OFFERED HEREBY NOR AN OFFER OF SUCH CERTIFICATES TO ANY PERSON IN
ANY STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFER WOULD BE UNLAWFUL. THE
DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS AT ANY
TIME DOES NOT IMPLY THAT INFORMATION HEREIN CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT TO
ITS DATE.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
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<S> <C>
Summary of Terms............................... S-3
Risk Factors................................... S-15
Description of the Home Equity Loans........... S-18
The Seller and the Servicer.................... S-20
Champion's Home Equity Loan Program............ S-21
Prepayment and Yield Considerations............ S-26
Description of the Certificates................ S-32
The Policy and the Certificate Insurer......... S-48
Use of Proceeds................................ S-51
Underwriting................................... S-51
Report of Experts.............................. S-52
Ratings........................................ S-52
Legal Matters.................................. S-52
Appendix A -- Certain Statistical
Information................................... A-1
Appendix B -- Audited Financial Statements of
Certificate Insurer........................... B-1
Appendix C -- Unaudited Interim Financial
Statements of Certificate Insurer............. C-1
PROSPECTUS
Prospectus Supplement.......................... 3
Reports to Holders............................. 3
Available Information.......................... 3
Incorporation of Certain Documents by
Reference..................................... 4
Summary of Terms............................... 5
Risk Factors................................... 15
Description of the Securities.................. 18
The Trust Funds................................ 22
Enhancement.................................... 28
Servicing of Loans............................. 31
The Agreements................................. 37
Certain Legal Aspects of Loans................. 46
The Depositor.................................. 54
Use of Proceeds................................ 54
Certain Federal Income Tax Considerations...... 55
State Tax Considerations....................... 76
ERISA Considerations........................... 76
Legal Investment............................... 79
Plan of Distribution........................... 79
Legal Matters.................................. 79
Glossary of Terms.............................. 80
</TABLE>
UNTIL 90 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, ALL DEALERS
EFFECTING TRANSACTIONS IN THE CERTIFICATES OFFERED HEREBY, WHETHER OR NOT
PARTICIPATING IN THIS DISTRIBUTION, MAY BE REQUIRED TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT AND THE PROSPECTUS. THIS IS IN ADDITION TO THE OBLIGATION OF DEALERS
TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND PROSPECTUS WHEN ACTING AS UNDERWRITERS
AND WITH RESPECT TO THEIR UNSOLD ALLOTMENTS OR SUBSCRIPTIONS.
$100,000,000
CHAMPION HOME EQUITY LOAN TRUST 1996-2
[LOGO]
CHAMPION MORTGAGE SERVICING CORP.
SERVICER
BEAR STEARNS ASSET
BACKED SECURITIES, INC.
DEPOSITOR
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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
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BEAR, STEARNS & CO. INC.
MAY 17, 1996
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