Tsilhqot'in Nation v. British Columbia
Page 120
the early seat of the Chilcotin was considerably farther west than at
present, while the Bella Coola extended higher up the river of that
name into the interior. The results of this early intercourse is seen very
clearly in certain of their customs, and particularly in details of their
traditions. In former times and down to within about thirty years the
center of territory and population of the Chilcotin was Anahem Lake,
and from here they covered a considerable extent of country, the
principle points of gathering beside the one mentioned being Tatlah,
Puntze, and Chezaikut Lakes. They extended as far south as Chilco
Lake, and at the time of the salmon fishing were accustomed to move
in large numbers down to the Chilcotin River to a point near the
present Anahem Reservation, always returning to their homes as soon
as the fishing was over. More recently they have been brought to the
eastward, and today the chief centres of the tribe are four reservations-
Anahem, Stone, Risky Creek, and Alexandria - the first three in the
valley of the Chilcotin, and the last named, consisting of but a few
families, somewhat removed from the others, on the Fraser. Besides
these there are a considerable number of families leading a semi-
nomadic life on the old tribal territory in the woods and mountains to
the westward. These latter, considerably less influenced by civilization
than their reservation relatives, are known by the whites as Stone
Chilcotin or Stonies.
1899 “The Chilcotin”. The North-Western Tribes of Canada—Twelfth
and Final Report of the Committee, 68th Annual Report of the British
Association for the Advancement of Science for 1898. pp. 645-8.
London. (Reprinted in: 8(1-2): 338-349.1974.) Northwest
Anthropological Research Notes.
[336] Dinwoodie’s report at pp. 24-25 also quotes James Teit’s observations made
in 1900:
At the present day the whites generally divide the tribe into three
divisions, named according to their habitat - first, the Lower Chilcotin;
second, the Stone Chilcotin, or Stonies; and third, the Stick or Upper
Chilcotin. The first-named consist of three bands, originally emigrants
from Nacoontloon Lake and neighbourhood. One of these, called the
Anahem, live in a village on the north side of the Chilcotin Valley; about
eight miles west of Hanceville, where they have reserves; the second
band, called the Toozeys, live really within the Shuswap territory, on
Riskie Creek, not far from Frazer River; and the remaining band have
located at Alexandria, within the Carrier territory. The Stone Chilcotin
make their winter headquarters on a reserve on the south side of the
Chilcotin Valley, about four miles west of Hanceville. The Stick