By Côté J. (dissenting)
Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Vavilov, 2019 SCC
65, [2019] 4 S.C.R. 653; Blencoe v. British Columbia (Human Rights Commission),
2000 SCC 44, [2000] 2 S.C.R. 307; Behn v. Moulton Contracting Ltd., 2013 SCC 26,
[2013] 2 S.C.R. 227; Toronto (City) v. C.U.P.E., Local 79, 2003 SCC 63, [2003] 3
S.C.R. 77; R. v. Regan, 2002 SCC 12, [2002] 1 S.C.R. 297; R. v. O’Connor, [1995] 4
S.C.R. 411; Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) v. Harkat, 2014 SCC 37, [2014] 2
S.C.R. 33; R. v. Nixon, 2011 SCC 34, [2011] 2 S.C.R. 566; R. v. Anderson, 2014 SCC
41, [2014] 2 S.C.R. 167; R. v. Babos, 2014 SCC 16, [2014] 1 S.C.R. 309; United States
of America v. Cobb, 2001 SCC 19, [2001] 1 S.C.R. 587; R. v. Scott, [1990] 3 S.C.R.
979; R. v. Power, [1994] 1 S.C.R. 601; R. v. Carosella, [1997] 1 S.C.R. 80; Canada
(Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Tobiass, [1997] 3 S.C.R. 391; R. v.
Nasogaluak, 2010 SCC 6, [2010] 1 S.C.R. 206; R. v. Sullivan, 2022 SCC 19; Ontario
v. O.P.S.E.U., 2003 SCC 64, [2003] 3 S.C.R. 149; I.A.T.S.E., Stage Local 56 v. Société
de la Place des Arts de Montréal, 2004 SCC 2, [2004] 1 S.C.R. 43; R. v. Bjelland, 2009
SCC 38, [2009] 2 S.C.R. 651; R. v. Bellusci, 2012 SCC 44, [2012] 2 S.C.R. 509;
Vancouver (City) v. Ward, 2010 SCC 27, [2010] 2 S.C.R. 28; Mission Institution v.
Khela, 2014 SCC 24, [2014] 1 S.C.R. 502; Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) v.
Khosa, 2009 SCC 12, [2009] 1 S.C.R. 339; Dunsmuir v. New Brunswick, 2008 SCC 9,
[2008] 1 S.C.R. 190; C.U.P.E. v. Ontario (Minister of Labour), 2003 SCC 29, [2003]
1 S.C.R. 539; Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [1999] 2
S.C.R. 817; Cardinal v. Director of Kent Institution, [1985] 2 S.C.R. 643; Canada