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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number 000-21391
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 95-4699061
(State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
21700 Oxnard Street, Suite 1550
Woodland Hills, CA 91367
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(818) 593-2282
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common stock, $.001 par value
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No __.
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this 10-K or any Amendment to this Form
10-K. [ ]
At April 14, 1999, there were outstanding 41,963,816 shares of the Common Stock
of Registrant, and the aggregate market value of the shares held on that date by
non-affiliates of Registrant, based on the closing price ($1.89 per share)
of the Registrant's Common Stock on the Easdaq Market on that date, was
$ 68,033,309. For purposes of this computation, it has been assumed that the
shares beneficially held by directors and officers of Registrant were "held by
affiliates"; this assumption is not to be deemed to be an admission by such
persons that they are affiliates of Registrant.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement with respect to its 1999 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this
Report.
Exhibit index is located on page 48.
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TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR THE
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Item 1. Business..............................................4
Item 2. Properties...........................................20
Item 3. Legal Proceedings....................................21
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders..22
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters..................................22
Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data.................23
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Results
of Operations and Financial Condition................23
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data..........39
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on
Accounting and Financial Disclosures.................39
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant...40
Item 11. Executive Compensation...............................42
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
and Management.......................................45
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.......47
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedule, and
Reports on Form 8-K..................................48
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This Report contains statements that constitute "forward-looking
statements" within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act and Section27A
of the Securities Act. The words "expect", "estimate", "anticipate", "predict",
"believe" and similar expressions and variations thereof are intended to
identify forward-looking statements. Such statements appear in a number of
places in this filing and include statements regarding the intent, belief or
current expectations of Turbodyne, its directors or officers with respect to,
among other things (a) trends affecting the financial condition or results of
operations of Turbodyne and (b) the business and growth strategies of Turbodyne.
The stockholders of Turbodyne are cautioned not to put undue reliance on such
forward looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees
of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and that actual
results may differ materially from those projected in this Report, for the
reasons, among others, discussed in the Sections - "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", and "Cautionary
Statements and Risk Factors." Turbodyne undertakes no obligation to publicly
revise these forward looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that
arise after the date hereof. Readers should carefully review the risk factors
described in other documents the Company files from time to time with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q
filed or to be filed by the Company and any Current Reports on Form 8-K filed or
to be filed by the Company.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL
Turbodyne Technologies Inc. (the "Company" or "Turbodyne"), a Delaware
corporation, engineers, develops, manufactures and markets proprietary products
designed to enhance performance and reduce emissions of internal combustion
engines (the "Engine Technology Division") and manufactures aluminum cast
automotive products, including engine and vehicle components, chassis and
specialty wheels (the "Light Metals Division"). The Company has developed a
patented technology (the "Turbodyne Technology") designed to optimize air flow
to internal combustion engines resulting in efficient fuel combustion in both
diesel and gasoline engines. The Turbodyne Technology also has proved to reduce
the production and emission of harmful pollutants. The Company has incorporated
the Turbodyne Technology into its two primary products: the TurbopacTM and the
DynachargerTM (collectively, the "Turbodyne Products").
The Company also is an established manufacturer of precision aluminum
cast and machined products primarily for the automotive industry. Through a
wholly owned subsidiary, the Company manufactures several critical engine
components and assemblies including intake manifolds, oil pans, rocket arm
covers, turbocharger and compressor housings for original equipment
manufacturers ("OEMs") in the automotive industry and aluminum wheels for the
automotive aftermarket. The Company also manufactures all of the engineered
aluminum components for the Turbodyne Products.
From the date of acquisition of the Turbodyne Technology in April 1993
to the completion of the acquisition of Pacific Baja in July 1996, the Company
was engaged, through Turbodyne Systems, a wholly owned subsidiary, principally
in researching and developing products incorporating the Turbodyne Technology.
During this period and continuing through fiscal 1997, the Company commenced
development of the Turbodyne System, the Turbopac(TM) product line and the
Dynacharger(TM) product line. The Company undertook low volume production of its
products for the purpose of testing and evaluation with OEMs and major retrofit
customers.
During fiscal 1998 and thereafter, the Company's efforts in connection
with the Engine Technology Division resulted in the following milestones:
o On April 7, 1998, the United States Environmental Protection Agency
certified the Detroit Diesel Corporation emission upgrade kit, which
incorporates the Turbodyne Technology through the use of a TurbopacTM, as
an acceptable solution to reduce emissions of diesel buses under the EPA's
Urban Bus Retrofit/Rebuild Program. See "Marketing Efforts and Joint
Venture Relationships - Turbopac(TM) Products."
o The Company and Detroit Diesel Corporation, a major global diesel
engine producer with a world wide marketing and distribution network, have
entered into the Company's first commercial contract, for the production of
the Turbopac product. See "Marketing Efforts and Joint Venture
Relationships - Turbopac(TM) Products."
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o On January 28, 1999 the Company entered into joint development and
licensing agreements with AlliedSignal Inc. of Morristown, N.J. for the
development and manufacturing engineering for mass production capability of
Dynacharger(TM) turbochargers and other electrically assisted charge air
systems. See "Marketing Efforts and Joint Venture Relationships -
Dynacharger(TM) Product."
o In March 1999, the California Air Resources Board granted an
Executive Order for a Universal Exemption of the Turbopac(TM) 2500 model
for certain heavy duty diesel powered vehicles which enables the Company to
advertise, market and install the Turbopac(TM) 2500 on vehicles equipped
with engines covered by the order. See "Impact of Government Regulation."
o In 1998, the Company was awarded two patents relating to a completely
different technology developed jointly with Southwest Research Institute
designed to reduce harmful emissions from internal combustion engines which
utilizes the Turbopac(TM) product line. See "Products."
In addition to these developments, the Company substantially completed
the reorganization and relocation of the Light Metals Division from La Mirada,
California to Ensenada, Mexico. In early 1998, the Company determined to
significantly restructure and reorganize the Light Metals business in order to
implement its new business strategy which focuses on the aggressive pursuit and
development of the markets for engineered cast and machined aluminum engine,
power-train, chassis and vehicle components and assemblies. The shift in
strategy was accelerated by the larger than expected decline in the aftermarket
wheel business. A new president was appointed for the division in November 1997,
and a new management team including a Vice President of Operations, a Vice
President of Engineering, a Director of Procurement and a Director of Quality
was retained. The restructuring involves the relocation of all foundry and
machine shop operations from the La Mirada, California facility to consolidate
all light metals manufacturing operations for engineered cast and machined
aluminum engine, power-train, chassis and vehicle components and assemblies in a
new facility in Ensenada, Mexico, and all manufacturing operations for casting
and machining wheels in the Company's existing Ensenada, Mexico facility. The
reorganization and relocation required a substantial investment in funds and
management time during fiscal 1998 and the Company believes these efforts
already have begun to reduce costs of production, improve quality and increase
capacity. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operation Year Ended December 31, 1998 And 1997."
CORPORATE STRUCTURE
The Company was incorporated under the Company Act (British Columbia)
on May 18, 1983, under the name "Dundee Resources Corp." by registration of its
Memorandum and Articles. The name of the Company was changed from "Dundee
Resources Corp." to "Clear View Ventures Inc." on January 20, 1993 and from
"Clear View Ventures Inc." to "Turbodyne Technologies Inc." on April 28, 1994.
Effective December 3, 1996, the Company continued from British Columbia to the
Canadian federal jurisdiction under the Canada Business Corporations Act. On
July 24, 1998, the Company continued into the State of Delaware under Section
388 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. See "Domestication," below. The
address of the principal corporate office of the Company is 21700 Oxnard Street,
Suite 1550, Woodland Hills, California, 91367.
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The Company conducts the business of the Engine Technology Division
through its wholly owned subsidiary Turbodyne Systems, Inc., a Nevada
corporation ("Turbodyne Systems") and conducts the business of the Light Metals
Division through its wholly owned subsidiary Pacific Baja Light Metals Corp.
("Pacific Baja"), a Wyoming corporation, and through the subsidiaries of Pacific
Baja.
DOMESTICATION
Effective July 24, 1998, Turbodyne Technologies Inc., a Canadian
federal corporation, domesticated into the State of Delaware and, accordingly,
the Company is subject to the rules and regulations of that State. The Company
files reports, proxy statements and other materials with the Securities and
Exchange Commission under its rules and regulations applicable to domestic
issuers.
The Company continues to be deemed to be a reporting issuer under the
securities legislation applicable in each of the Canadian Provinces of Manitoba
and Ontario. The Company's status as a reporting issuer in each of these
provinces is not affected by the domestication of the Company to the State of
Delaware. The Company is required to continue to comply with the obligations
imposed by this securities legislation as a reporting issuer in each province.
These obligations include the requirement to make filings of the Company's
financial statements, proxy circulars, shareholder information, material change
reports and United States Securities and Exchange Commission filings with the
securities commissions of the Provinces of Manitoba and Ontario, all in
accordance with the requirements of the applicable securities legislation.
ENGINE TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
Turbodyne Systems develops products to enhance performance and reduce
emissions of internal combustion engines. The Turbodyne Technology is designed
to optimize air flow to internal combustion engines resulting in efficient fuel
combustion in both diesel and gasoline engines.
Turbodyne Systems was acquired by the Company pursuant to an agreement
between the Company and Edward M. Halimi, the Chairman of the Board of
Directors, dated July 15, 1993, as amended. The Company issued 1,000,000 shares
of Common Stock to Mr. Halimi in consideration for all of the issued and
outstanding shares of Turbodyne Systems, which served as reimbursement to Mr.
Halimi for costs incurred to date to develop the Turbodyne Technology, as well
as 3,250,000 additional shares of Common Stock of the Company held in escrow
which may be released based on certain cash flow requirements of the Company.
To date, no shares have been released from escrow. The initial form of the
Turbodyne Technology was developed by Mr. Halimi prior to the acquisition of
Turbodyne Systems by the Company.
THE TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGY
The Turbodyne Technology is an advanced airflow management technology
developed to improve the performance of internal combustion engines by
increasing airflow to the cylinders. Optimized airflow, combined with efficient
fuel flow, results in more efficient combustion in the cylinders which, in turn,
results in increased engine power, faster acceleration and reduced harmful
engine emissions.
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In order for efficient combustion to take place in an internal
combustion engine, both air and fuel must be present within each individual
cylinder at precisely the correct ratio for the specific condition of load and
speed. While engineers attempt to design engines to ensure optimal combustion,
variations in the air to fuel ratio persist resulting in intervals of
inefficient combustion especially during rapid acceleration or deceleration and
on cold start up. These variations result in inconsistent engine power, fuel
wastage and emissions.
The two principal products available in the marketplace designed to
solve this problem are superchargers and turbochargers. A supercharger is
essentially an air compressor, which is mechanically driven by the engine and
supplies increased airflow to the engine. Although superchargers solve most of
the air to fuel ratio problems they are incapable of providing optimum airflow
for the wide range of engine speeds and loads within which engines must operate.
Moreover, superchargers are expensive, deplete engine power and increase fuel
consumption. Turbochargers perform a similar function as superchargers by
delivering increased airflow to the cylinders. Unlike superchargers, however,
turbochargers are driven through the flow of exhaust gases exiting the engine
cylinders. Although turbochargers solve many of the efficiency and fuel
consumption problems associated with superchargers they do not work efficiently
except at relatively high engine speeds and loads. This results in the
phenomenon known as turbo lag. Turbo lag occurs during the period from initial
acceleration to the time when the turbine blades rotate at relatively high
speeds (30,000 + RPM depending on engine size and displacement). The inefficient
operation of the engine during the turbo lag period presents safety problems due
to initial delays followed by lurches in the acceleration phase of the driving
cycle, increases fuel consumption and maintenance problems and causes an
increase in emissions due to the incorrect air to fuel ratio. Although
turbochargers provide adequate airflow during peak operating periods, they
actually exacerbate the problems during the turbo lag period.
The Turbodyne Technology incorporates a three phase alternating
current permanent magnetic brushless electric motor and an electronic power
converter that converts the automotive D.C. power into three phase alternating
power. The Turbodyne Technology also includes a microprocessor controller
managed feedback circuit to control the speed and power that the motor provides
to the given compressor based upon the algorithm provided by the engine
manufacturer and the sensors incorporated into the engine system.
The Turbodyne Technology can be applied as a stand alone electronic
supercharger (the TurbopacTM) or integrated into an existing turbocharger design
(the DynachargerTM) as a performance enhancement module.
PRODUCTS
TURBOPACTM
The TurbopacTM product employs a high speed, electronically controlled
permanent, magnetic, brushless electric motor which runs continuously once the
engine has started, providing increased airflow to optimize the air to fuel
ratio. The TurbopacTM essentially serves as an electronic supercharger. The
Company believes that one of the most significant aspects of the TurbopacTM is
that it allows the Company to target much larger international markets because
of its application to both turbocharged and non-turbocharged engines, compared
to the Dynacharger which is applicable solely to turbocharged engines.
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The four separate TurbopacTM models under various stages of design and
production and which may be installed on either turbocharged or non-turbocharged
engines are as follows:
(1) the TurbopacTM 1200 model for non-turbocharged two stroke or four
stroke gasoline engines installed in motorcycles, water-ski jets
and snowmobiles;
(2) the TurbopacTM 1500 model for cars, performance vehicles and
light trucks with turbocharged or non-turbocharged gasoline or
diesel engines and with displacements up to 3.5 liters;
(3) the TurbopacTM 2200 model for cars, performance vehicles and
light trucks with either turbocharged or non-turbocharged
gasoline or diesel engines with displacements greater than 3.5
liters; and
(4) the TurbopacTM 2500 model for heavy duty trucks and buses for
either turbocharged or non-turbocharged diesel engines.
The Company has developed jointly with Southwest Research Institute a
completely new technology designed to reduce harmful emissions from internal
combustion engines. The joint development agreement with Southwest Research
Institute provides that all patent rights derived from the new technology shall
be assigned to the Company. The new technology uses the Turbopac(TM) product
line as the key element of a nitrous oxide (NOx) reduction system. Particulate
matter, or "black smoke", and nitrous oxides are the two most significant
harmful emissions generated by diesel engines. To the Company's knowledge, each
solution currently available reduces one of these emissions while increasing the
other. Also, the existing solutions increase fuel consumption. The Company's new
technology has demonstrated reductions in NOx emissions, in addition to
reductions in particulate matter emissions, on laboratory testing to date
conducted at the Southwest Research Institute. Following completion of
laboratory testing, the Company hopes to form a joint venture relationship with
an engine manufacturer to refine and optimize the new unit to the specific
requirements of the manufacturer. There can be no assurance than any joint
venture relationship will be formed, or if formed, that it will be successful in
further developing and refining the new technology, that the new technology will
be offered commercially, or if offered, that the new unit will be commercially
accepted. If the Company is not successful in forming a joint venture
relationship, it does not at this time anticipate further developing the new
technology following the completion of laboratory testing.
DYNACHARGERTM
The DynachargerTM essentially is the TurbopacTM motor module incorporated
into a turbocharger. The DynachargerTM was developed primarily as a result of
feedback from evaluations conducted by potential customers who indicated that
they would prefer to see the Turbodyne Technology built into a turbocharger
rather than provided by an additional external component. The DynachargerTM can
be interchangeable with an original equipment turbocharger, thus making it
appropriate for sale to both the OEM market and the aftermarket. Turbochargers
incorporating the DynachargerTM products can be installed on both turbocharged
and non-turbocharged diesel and gasoline engines.
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Turbodyne Systems also has commenced design of a variation to the
DynachargerTM described as a Motor-Assisted Turbocharging System
("Motorassist"). The Motorassist is a DynachargerTM with a valve system to
concentrate exhaust gases resulting in faster turbine acceleration. The Company
completed design of the Motorassist on certain Dynacharger models and has
commenced development of these models solely for testing purposes which
currently are ongoing on vehicles and in the laboratory.
STATUS OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
The Company has commenced commercial production of the TurbopacTM 1500
model at its facility in Carpinteria, California. The Company completed final
design of the TurbopacTM 2500 model and following execution of its sales and
marketing agreement with Detroit Diesel Corporation, see "--Marketing Efforts
and Joint Venture Relationships" below, commenced commercial production at its
facility in Carpinteria, California.
The Company has completed final design and commenced limited
commercial production of each of the TurbopacTM 1200 and 2200 models solely for
testing purposes.
Pacific Baja produces housings for Turbodyne Systems' prototype
products which are then assembled at the Carpinteria facility. Pacific Baja has
commenced commercial production of the housings for each of the TurbopacTM 1500
and 2500 models.
Turbodyne Systems completed the specification and design for the BHT3
model of the DynachargerTM product in the third quarter of fiscal 1998. As of
April 10, 1999, Turbodyne had produced 25 units of the BHT3 prototypes which are
undergoing various tests on both dynamometer and vehicles at the Company's
Carpenteria facility. Commercial production of the Dynacharger(TM) is contingent
on the formation of strategic relationships with manufacturers of turbochargers.
The Company has entered into agreements with AlliedSignal, Inc. and Kuhnle, Kopp
and Kausche AG relating to the Dynacharger(TM) product (see "Marketing Efforts
and Joint Venture Relationships"). The Company is pursuing the development of
additional relationships and does not expect to commence commercial production
of the DynachargerTM until its current relationships or any new relationships,
result in the receipt of formal supply orders, if ever. No assurance can be
given that these relationships will result in the Company's receipt of an order
for the Dynacharger product or that any new relationships will be formed, that
the DynachargerTM will be produced and if produced that it will be commercially
successful. See "Cautionary Statements and Risk Factors -- We Have Encountered
Delays and Start-up Costs in Developing our Products."
Turbodyne Systems' limited production of its products to date has
served to meet the requirements of Detroit Diesel, limited aftermarket European
passenger car market as well as other potential customers and testing agencies
retained by the Company undertaking evaluations of the Turbodyne Products. These
evaluations primarily are for the purpose of allowing potential customers to
determine the suitability and performance of the products for their applications
with the goal of obtaining purchase orders. To date, Turbodyne Systems has had
no significant sales of its products.
At December 31, 1998, Turbodyne Systems had spent approximately
$21,049,000 developing the Turbodyne System, and the TurbopacTM and
DynachargerTM products. Management anticipates that it will continue to expend
significant amounts in connection with research and development
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efforts in order to bring all TurbopacTM models and the DynachargerTM product
into full scale commercial production. See "Cautionary Statements and Risk
Factors -- We Have Encountered Delays and Start-up Costs in Developing our
Products."
MARKETING EFFORTS AND JOINT VENTURE RELATIONSHIPS
TURBOPACTM PRODUCTS
URBAN BUS PROGRAM AND DETROIT DIESEL
The Company markets the TurbopacTM products in both the OEM sector and
the aftermarket installation sector. In the fourth fiscal quarter of 1997,
pursuant to an arrangement with Detroit Diesel Corporation and in accordance
with the United States Environmental Protection Agency Urban Bus Program (the
"EPA Urban Bus Program"), the Company's TurbopacTM 2500 models were
installed on city buses in Toledo, Ohio, Riverside, California and Milwaukee,
Wisconsin. Following the successful installation of these TurbopacTM products,
Milwaukee Transit requested and received from the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (the "EPA") approval to equip ten additional buses with the
TurbopacTM 2500 model. In April 1998, the EPA certified the Detroit Diesel
Corporation emission upgrade kit, which includes the TurbopacTM 2500 model,
under the Urban Bus Retrofit/Rebuild Program. Following approval by the EPA, in
April 1998, the Company entered into a five-year sales and marketing agreement
with Detroit Diesel pursuant to which Detroit Diesel will exclusively market the
TurbopacTM product as part of its mechanical engine rebuild kit for the EPA
Urban Bus Program. In June 1998, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, the
Company delivered the initial stocking order consisting of 100 TurbopacsTM to
Detroit Diesel. To date, the Company has sold 255 Turbopacs under its program
with Detroit Diesel which were recorded as sales.
OEM CONTRACT
A major European vehicle and engine manufacturer has selected
Turbodyne's Turbopac (TM) models 1500 and 2200 for incorporation as standard
equipment on certain models of two main classes of engines and offered as an
option to fleet operators and certain other customers on other types of engines.
The Company has been informed that the manufacturer will commence serial
production of engines with Turbodyne as standard equipment with a production
release date during the fourth quarter of 1999 and serially manufacturing in the
first quarter of year 2000. To date, the Company has shipped a total of eight
Turbopacs to the manufacturer pursuant to purchase orders which have been
recorded as sales. Pursuant to the terms of the Company's confidential
agreement, it is prohibited from disclosing the name of the manufacturer until
vehicles and engines with Turbopacs reach the market place. There can be no
assurance however that the manufacturer will in fact incorporate the Turbopac
models 1500 and 2200 for incorporation as standard equipment in year 2000 or at
all.
TRANS BUSINESS GROUP
In July 1998, the Company received a purchase order from Trans
Business Group of Moscow, Russia for the sale of 10,500 TurbopacTM models 1500,
2200 and 2500. The purchase order is subject to the completion of financing
arrangements necessary to fund the purchase of the Turbopacs. The Company has
been working with the Export-Import Bank to provide financing for this
transaction but to date, due to the severe volatility in the Russian financial
markets and continuing political instability, these financing arrangements have
not been completed. While the Company and Trans
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Business continue to explore alternatives to complete the financing
arrangements, the Company cannot provide any assurance that the financing
arrangements will be completed in the near term, or at all. If these
arrangements are not completed, the Company will not make sales under its
agreement with Trans Business. See "Cautionary Statements and Risk Factors -
Volatility in Russian Financial Markets."
OTHER PROJECTS
The Company currently is involved in several additional testing
programs which the Company hopes will result in additional strategic
relationships. In the first quarter of fiscal 1998, TurbopacsTM were installed
on six transit buses in Sao Paulo and Curitiba, Brazil for testing purposes. Two
of these units continue to be used commercially on buses in Curitiba, and have
been for nearly ten months, and have demonstrated significant reduction in smoke
opacity. However, due to the collapse of the Brazilian economy, the Company is
informed that the anticipated adoption and implementation of strict new
environmental laws announced in that country in the second quarter 1998, have
been postponed, potentially indefinitely. The Company has not received any
purchase orders in connection with its program in Brazil and does not expect any
in the foreseeable future. The Company also entered into an agreement with
Ralphs Grocery Company pursuant to which Turbopac low-emission systems have been
installed on representative engines of Ralphs Grocery Company's truck fleet.
These testing programs are continuing. The Company cannot assure that any of
these testing programs will result in any sales of the Company's products.
The Company also provides each TurbopacTM product to OEMs, including
Navistar, AlliedSignal, Volkswagen and MAN, for testing to demonstrate the
superior performance and marketability of the TurbopacTM products to these
manufacturers. These evaluation programs typically are long-term and,
accordingly, the Company does not anticipate additional contracts with OEMs for
its TurbopacTM products in the near term. See "Cautionary Statements and Risk
Factors -- Our Marketing Efforts Involve Long Testing Periods." The Company
hopes to enter into joint venture manufacturing agreements similar to that with
Detroit Diesel with other OEMs who agree to purchase the TurbopacTM products.
DYNACHARGERTM PRODUCT
ALLIEDSIGNAL INC.
Turbodyne has entered into joint development and licensing agreements
with AlliedSignal Inc. of Morristown, N.J. Under the terms of the agreements,
AlliedSignal and Turbodyne will engage in a concerted effort for development and
manufacturing engineering for mass production capability of DynachargerTM
turbochargers and other electrically assisted charge air systems. Development
costs will be shared by the parties.
Under the terms of the agreements, AlliedSignal has the exclusive
license for manufacturing and marketing of any products to be developed on a
worldwide basis. Any products to be developed under the agreements are
anticipated to be sold primarily to automobile, heavy duty vehicle and engine
manufacturers. There is no up front license payment payable to Turbodyne.
Turbodyne has the exclusive license for the manufacturing of all light metal
castings, electric motors, generators and electronic controls of any products to
be developed under the agreements for sale to AlliedSignal. Under the exclusive
license agreement, Turbodyne is the exclusive supplier to AlliedSignal of these
products.
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Under the terms of the agreements, Turbodyne has exclusively licensed
applicable patents, intellectual property and trade secrets to AlliedSignal for
manufacture and sale of the DynachargerTM products. AlliedSignal has sublicensed
Turbodyne under the patents, intellectual property and trade secrets required
for manufacture of the electrical components for the products. Additionally, all
new patents and intellectual property developed by the parties under the joint
development program will be subject to the license agreement for exclusive use
by AlliedSignal and Turbodyne or mutually agreed upon third party sublicensees.
In addition to the exclusive right to supply the light metals,
electric motors and electronic control modules to AlliedSignal for any
DynachargerTM products developed under the agreements, Turbodyne will receive a
royalty on sales by AlliedSignal of those products. Turbodyne does not guarantee
that any sales will be made. Turbodyne also retains the exclusive right to
manufacture and sell its TurbopacTM or Turboflow product lines as currently in
production.
Turbodyne's sublicense further includes the right to manufacture and
sell electrical motor assistance systems for Cummins BHT turbochargers in the
aftermarket pending development of AlliedSignal's capability, capacity and
interest in the sale and production of those products. If AlliedSignal develops
the capability, capacity and interest in the sale and production of those
products, the sublicense terminates.
Among other provisions, the agreements provide for termination by
AlliedSignal if the development program proves to be commercially or technically
unfeasible. Turbodyne also has the right to terminate in the event certain
production commitment milestones are not met. Turbodyne is provided the right to
honor any agreements with other parties entered into prior to the date of the
contract with AlliedSignal.
KUHNLE, KOPP AND KAUSCHE AG
The Company has entered into an agreement in principle with Kuhnle,
Kopp and Kausche AG ("3K"), dated April 11, 1997, for the design, development
and manufacture of a prototype line of turbochargers incorporating the Turbodyne
Technology and manufactured by 3K. It is anticipated that the prototype
turbochargers will be developed for 3K's major customers in the European
automotive market. 3K is the largest manufacturer of turbochargers in Germany.
The agreement in principle contemplates the formation of a joint
venture pursuant to which the Company will grant to the joint venture an
exclusive license of the Turbodyne Technology for the design, manufacture and
sale of motor-driven turbochargers in Europe for auto and truck manufacturers
and such other territories as the parties may agree. 3K will have overall
responsibility for marketing and sales of the joint venture products through
3K's established distributor and dealer network. The Company will not receive
any royalty from its license to the joint venture and will participate in joint
venture profits to be shared pursuant to a formula based on cost contributions.
The agreement in principle also provides 3K with the option to continue to use
any technology licensed to the joint venture for a period of three years after
termination of the joint venture relationship, in consideration for the payment
of a royalty in an amount to be agreed upon by the parties.
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<PAGE>
There is no assurance that the agreement in principal between the
Company and 3K will result in the execution of a joint venture agreement between
the Company and 3K. In addition, there is no assurance that a joint venture
between the Company and 3K would achieve sales of the turbocharger incorporating
the Turbodyne Technology or that the Company would ever realize any profits from
the joint venture. See "Cautionary Statements and Risk Factors -- Our Marketing
Efforts Involve Long Testing Periods."
TURBOFLOW PRODUCT
On January 16, 1996, the Company agreed to a Product Development and
Supply Proposal with Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. under which the Company agreed
to develop several models of the Company's Turboflow(TM) industrial fan modules
for incorporation into Viessmann's heating systems. The proposal contemplated
that the parties would enter into a supply and delivery contract upon the
completion of testing by Viesmann and subject to its approval of performance and
specifications. In May 1997, the Company was informed that Viessmann had
completed testing of the Company's products to its full satisfaction and the
Company expected to enter into a supply and delivery contract with Viessmann.
However, based on changes in the management of Viessmann, the Company does not
expect any sales or revenues from its relationship with Viessmann.
COMPETITION
While the Company believes there are no products directly competitive
to the Turbodyne Products, competition to the Turbodyne Technology exists from
competing technologies marketed by companies who may have more resources and who
may be better financed than the Company. In addition, there is no assurance that
new competitors will not attempt to enter the industry.
Competition for the TurbopacTM products is expected from improvements
and refinements to conventional internal combustion engines which may result in
increased fuel efficiency and decreased emissions. The cost of incorporating
these improvements and refinements into existing internal combustion engines may
be less than the cost of installing a TurbopacTM product. In addition, OEMs and
consumers may more readily accept improvements and modifications to existing
technology than a new technology.
Competition for the DynachargerTM products is expected from
improvements and refinements to existing turbocharger technology which may be
less expensive than turbochargers incorporating the DynachargerTM products. In
addition, OEMs and consumers may be more willing to accept improvements and
refinements to existing turbocharger technology than turbochargers installed
with the DynachargerTM product.
Both the TurbopacTM and DynachargerTM products may realize competition
from existing products manufactured by OEMs who do not incorporate Turbodyne
Products into their final products. A relatively small number of OEMs have a
significant share of the automotive market and accordingly an OEM's
determination not to incorporate the Turbodyne Products into its product lines
could pose a significant barrier to entry to the Company. See "Cautionary
Statements and Risk Factors -- Intense Competition."
NASDAQ AND EASDAQ REGULATION
On March 1, 1999, the EASDAQ Market Authority held a hearing to
consider disciplinary
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<PAGE>
action against Turbodyne for allegedly, among other things, issuing a number of
press releases which contained false or misleading price sensitive information
to the Market. Following discussions conducted with the Company's
representatives, the Market Authority concluded that the Company's press
releases were not intentionally misleading, but nevertheless gave an
overly-optimistic impression of the Company's prospects. Pursuant to the
direction of the Market Authority, the Company issued an announcement relating
to certain business relationships on March 3, 1999.
On March 11, 1999, Turbodyne attended a hearing with the NASD in
connection with its initiation of proceedings relating to a possible delisting
of the Company's common stock. On April 1, 1999, the Company was informed that
the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Panel determined to delist the Company's
securities from The Nasdaq Stock Market effective with the close of business
that day. The Company has requested that the Nasdaq Listing and Hearing Review
Council review the decision of the Qualifications Panel in an effort to
reinstate the Company's securities for trading of The Nasdaq Stock Market. As of
April 14, the Company has not been informed regarding the timing of the review
process.
IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION
As pollution standards increase, the automotive market is expected to
increase its demand for technical improvements to existing internal combustion
engine technology in order to meet these standards. Accordingly, an imposition
of increased pollution standards by government regulatory agencies is expected
to cause an increase in demand for the Turbodyne Products, assuming these
products have been commercially developed and accepted.
In the United States, emissions standards for diesel engines are
imposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") and by other
regulatory agencies such as the California Air Resources Board ("CARB"). In
April 1998, the Company received certification by the EPA for the Detroit Diesel
emission reduction kit, which includes the TurbopacTM 2500 model, under the
Urban Bus Retrofit/Rebuild Program. There can be no assurance that the
government will not increase emission standards to a level that the Turbodyne
Products currently do not satisfy, in which event, the Company may be required
to expend significant amounts to develop and incorporate the technology
necessary to meet these standards. Any such expenditure and any delays in
product development or sales as a result of more stringent emission standards
could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations of the
Company. See "Cautionary Statements and Risk Factors -- We Have Encountered
Delays and Start-up Costs in Developing our Products."
The Company has received an executive order from the California Air
Resources Board for a universal exemption of the TurbopacTM 2500 for heavy-duty
diesel vehicles that are equipped with mechanical unit fuel injection and no
electronic injection timing or electronic throttle delay. The order enables
Turbodyne to advertise, market and install the TurbopacTM 2500 on vehicles
equipped with engines covered by the order. The order does not constitute a
certification, accreditation, approval or any other type of endorsement by the
Air Resources Board of any claims of Turbodyne concerning antipollution benefits
or any other benefits of the TurbopacTM 2500. With the TurbopacTM 2500 model the
Company can target the retrofit market. However, the grant of this executive
order does not ensure that any TurbopacTM 2500 models will be sold.
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<PAGE>
PROPRIETARY PROTECTION OF PRODUCTS
As of March 31, 1999, the Company owns 14 patents and has 19 patent
applications pending with the U.S. Patent Office. The Company's patents and
patent applications encompass the construction of the Turbopac and Dynacharger
products, as well as, a variety of new turbocharging and supercharging systems
designed to enhance the performance of existing engines through retrofitting and
to enable OEM manufacturers to obtain improved performance from new equipment.
Turbodyne Systems has made additional patent applications with respect
to its technology and for recognition of each of the patent applications for the
TurbopacTM and DynachargerTM products with each country that is a party to the
PCT in order to secure international patent protection of the Turbodyne
Technology.
Turbodyne Systems' policy is to diligently defend any infringement of
its patents. To date, Turbodyne Systems has not encountered any challenges and
is not aware of any potential challenges to its patents. Turbodyne Systems has
not established a fund for defense of its patents but may do so if significant
sales of its products are achieved. See "Cautionary Statements and Risk Factors
- -- We May Be Unable to Protect Our Proprietary Assets."
Turbodyne Systems also requires all employees, consultants and persons
or companies involved in the testing of Turbodyne Systems' products to execute
confidentiality agreements and to agree to keep confidential all proprietary
information with respect to Turbodyne Systems' products.
DEVELOPMENT COSTS TO DATE
Since the acquisition of the Turbodyne Technology, Turbodyne Systems
primarily has engaged in the research and development of products that
incorporate the Turbodyne Technology. The Company concentrates the business of
Turbodyne Systems exclusively on research and development of products
incorporating the Turbodyne Technology. Turbodyne Systems intends to engage in
research and development of additional products incorporating the Turbodyne
Technology. The research and development costs incurred during the each of the
fiscal years ended December 31, 1998, 1997, and 1996 were $7,915,000,
$6,609,000, and $3,622,000, respectively.
LIGHT METALS DIVISION
Pacific Baja is an established manufacturer of aluminum cast products
primarily for the automotive industry. Pacific Baja manufactures turbocharger
and compressor housings for OEMs in the automotive industry and aluminum wheels
for the automotive aftermarket. Pacific Baja also manufactures, on a contract
basis, the housings for the Turbodyne products manufactured by Turbodyne
Systems.
The Company acquired Pacific Baja effective July 2, 1996 pursuant to
an acquisition agreement between the Company, Pacific Baja Holding, Inc.
("Pacific Baja Holding") and the principal shareholders of Pacific Baja Holding
(the "Acquisition Agreement"). The Company acquired all of the issued and
outstanding shares of Pacific Baja Holding for total consideration consisting of
a cash payment of $12,000,670 and the issuance of 3,076,923 shares of common
stock of the Company.
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<PAGE>
The principal purpose of the Pacific Baja acquisition was to form an
alliance with a manufacturer with a proven track record of volume manufacturing
of quality auto parts, particularly in the turbocharger field. The Turbodyne
Products are comprised of precision automotive parts, including cast aluminum
components manufactured by Pacific Baja. Through the acquisition of Pacific
Baja, the Company acquired a proven manufacturer for the Turbodyne Products. In
addition, the acquisition brought to the Company personnel experienced in
manufacturing and who have contacts with turbocharger manufacturers and
potential customers for the Turbodyne Products.
LIGHT METALS PRODUCTS
Pacific Baja manufactures and markets permanent mold and sand aluminum
castings, both machined and raw, for the automotive aftermarket as well as
automotive and industrial OEMs. Pacific Baja has three operating units:
Optima Wheel, Baja Pacific and Baja Oriente.
CUSTOM WHEELS
Pacific Baja, through its Optima Wheel operating unit, manufactures
and markets styled aluminum road wheels for the automotive aftermarket. Products
consist of one-piece aluminum wheels for passenger cars, light trucks, and
motorcycles, as well as two-piece (steel outer, aluminum center) wheels for the
passenger car replacement wheel market. Optima Wheel is not a dominant
aftermarket supplier of aluminum custom wheels and has determined on a going
forward basis not to expend significant efforts in connection with marketing and
sales of its custom wheels. In recent years, sales of aftermarket wheel products
have declined and management expects that revenues from these products will
continue to decline as existing and new companies obtain additional market
share. Management intends to minimize the risk of revenue loss to the Company by
focusing its efforts to increase revenues in the non-wheel, industrial products
areas. See "Risk Factors -- Decline in Sales of After-Market Wheel Products" and
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operation - Year Ended December 31, 1998 and 1997."
NON-WHEEL ALUMINUM COMPONENTS
Pacific Baja, through its Baja Pacific operating unit, manufactures
short-run sand and permanent mold aluminum castings for automotive, aerospace,
and other industrial applications. Products manufactured include turbine fan
blades for maritime vessels, rotors for fan blades, and short production runs
for existing customers.
Pacific Baja, through Baja Oriente's facility located in Ensenada,
Baja California, Mexico, casts and machines permanent mold aluminum parts. Baja
Oriente is incorporated under Mexican law and is 100% beneficially owned by
Pacific Baja. Ownership of Baja Oriente by its U.S. parent is permitted under an
exemption to Mexican foreign investment law for "maquiladora" ventures. Baja
Oriente operates as a maquiladora pursuant to a maquiladora license granted by
the Mexican Ministry of Commerce. As a maquiladora, Baja Oriente is able to
import raw material from the U.S. and export final products to Pacific Baja in
the U.S. without being subject to import and export duties levied under Mexican
Federal Customs law. Baja Oriente purchases raw materials and receives payment
for its products in U.S. currency and accordingly is protected against
fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Mexican peso in respect of its
purchases of raw materials.
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NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Pacific Baja develops new products in order to respond to customer
requests and to diversify its product lines. Pacific Baja's engineering team has
on-site design and development capabilities that enable it to design products
utilizing computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)
drawings. Pacific Baja's new product development activities among its various
product lines are as follows:
CUSTOM WHEELS
Pacific Baja does not design new and unproven custom aluminum road
wheels. Pacific Baja solicits market information from its customers and attends
auto shows to determine which styles are popular, and uses its CAD/CAM system to
make new molds and manufacture those wheels. Pacific Baja typically manufactures
approximately ten new wheel products annually. However based on many factors,
including but not limited to, technological developments and customer demands,
Pacific Baja may change the number of new wheels produced annually.
NON-WHEEL ALUMINUM COMPONENTS
Pacific Baja has implemented a strategy to develop relationships with
OEMs in addition to AlliedSignal and Navistar (see "-- Material Supply
Agreements" immediately below) in the automotive industry to provide new
non-wheel aluminum components as a means to expand its product line. New
products developed by Pacific Baja start as short-run prototypes. Once these
products are accepted by the OEM, production begins at a higher volume.
There can be no assurance that Pacific Baja will be successful in
establishing relationships with additional OEMs or if established that Pacific
Baja will develop new products or that any new products developed will be
commercially accepted or profitable to Pacific Baja. See "Cautionary Statements
and Risk Factors -- We Must Keep Pace With Technological Change" and "Cautionary
Statements and Risk Factors -- Customer Preferences."
MATERIAL SUPPLY AGREEMENTS
Baja Oriente casts and machines permanent mold aluminum parts for the
Garrett division of AlliedSignal Automotive, Inc. ("AlliedSignal"), which
manufactures turbo-charging systems for Class 8 trucks. Pursuant to its
agreement with AlliedSignal, Pacific Baja is the sole source to AlliedSignal for
air-to-air heat exchange manifolds and is one of two aluminum foundries
manufacturing compressor housings, pedestals, and other aluminum components for
AlliedSignal. Pacific Baja manufactures a ready-to-assemble product for
AlliedSignal that is shipped directly to its plant in Mexicali, Mexico. The
supply agreement between AlliedSignal and Pacific Baja commenced on January 1,
1994 for an initial three year term. Pursuant to a letter agreement, Pacific
Baja and AlliedSignal extended the supply agreement for an additional five year
term commencing on January 1, 1997 and expiring on December 31, 2002. During
fiscal 1998, revenues from the AlliedSignal contract were significant and
management anticipates that the AlliedSignal contract will continue to result in
significant revenues to the Company through fiscal 1999.
Effective September 1, 1997, the Company entered into a Supply
Agreement with Navistar International Transportation Corp. ("Navistar") for an
initial five year term. Pursuant to the terms of
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<PAGE>
the Supply Agreement, Navistar is obligated to purchase from the Company all of
its original equipment and service requirements for engine aluminum castings as
they exist on the effective date of the contract. The anticipated volume of
products to be purchased from the Company were based on Navistar's review of its
past usage and projected market forecasts and Navistar is not required to
purchase any minimum quantity under the contract. Navistar will negotiate with
the Company in good faith with regard to placing new production business with
the Company although there is no obligation to do so. During the term of the
contract, the Company may not manufacture or sell the products covered by the
contract to any other party absent the written consent of Navistar. During
fiscal 1998, revenues from the Navistar contract were significant and management
anticipates that the Navistar contract will continue to result in significant
revenues to the Company through fiscal 2002.
MANUFACTURING
Pacific Baja performs short run foundry and prototype production,
manufactures products such as manifolds, compressor housings, and pedestals and
manufactures aluminum cast custom wheels at its Ensenada foundries. The Ensenada
foundries perform manufacturing activities ranging from casting to heat
treating, powder painting, finished machining, and packaging.
ENSENADA FOUNDRY
Pacific Baja operates an aluminum permanent mold foundry at Ensenada,
Baja California, Mexico, which occupies approximately 120,000 square feet. The
Ensenada facility serves as Pacific Baja's primary long run, high volume casting
operation, where custom wheels are cast, heat treated, painted, machined to a
semi-finished state, and shipped to Pacific Baja's La Mirada facility. The
Ensenada facility also houses one of the operating units of Pacific Baja, which
manufactures aluminum components under contract for AlliedSignal and Navistar
and casts, machines, and ships manifolds directly to AlliedSignal's assembly
plant in Mexicali, Mexico and casts, machines and ships compressor housings and
pedestals and other components to their Torrance, California facility.
In December 1997, Pacific Baja purchased manufacturing facilities
located in Ensenada, Mexico from Louisiana-Pacific Corporation. These facilities
consist of two buildings comprising approximately 130,000 total square feet. The
Company has substantially completed the modernization and relocation of all
existing aluminum foundry and machining operations currently in place in its La
Mirada, California facility to the new Ensenada facility. Phase I of the
relocation which consisted of the relocation and modernization of all wheel
machining operations from the existing La Mirada facility to Ensenada was
completed during the first six months of 1998. Phase II of the relocation to
Ensenada, which consists of the relocation and modernization of the remaining
automotive engine components foundry and machining operations located in La
Mirada to the new Ensenada facility, has been substantially completed except for
the relocation of the pedestal line machining operation and the installation of
a new sand foundry module, each of which is expected to be completed in the
second half of fiscal 1999. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Year Ended December 31, 1998 and
1997." Pacific Baja commenced operations at these new facilities during Phase I
of the relocation process in February 1998. All of the Company's Mexican
facilities are certified to the QS 9000 quality standard, the most stringent
quality standard in the United States automotive industry. The Company believes
that the Ensenada foundry together with the additional
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<PAGE>
manufacturing facilities purchased from Louisiana-Pacific Corporation will
provide adequate space for the Company's manufacturing needs through fiscal
1999. As of March 31, 1999, Pacific Baja employed approximately 900 persons at
its Ensenada facilities with two production shifts and one maintenance shift
operating five and one half days a week.
LA MIRADA FOUNDRY
Pacific Baja operates a sand and permanent mold 100,000 square foot
foundry facility at La Mirada, California. In addition, Pacific Baja's corporate
offices and distributing facility are located in the La Mirada building. The La
Mirada facility receives semi-finished custom wheels, shipped from the Ensenada
foundry, which are finished, packaged, and prepared for shipment to Pacific Baja
private label customers and Optima Wheel distributors. The La Mirada facility
also facilitates limited short-run and prototype aluminum casting production for
customers and serves as Pacific Baja's "feeder" operation for longer run
production in Ensenada, Mexico. As of March 31, 1999, Pacific Baja employed
approximately 150 persons at its La Mirada facility working two shifts, five
days a week. All of the wheel machining operations have been relocated to
Ensenada and substantially all of the automotive engine components foundry and
machining operations have been relocated to the Ensenada facility, except for
the relocation of the pedestal line machining operation and the installation
of a new sand foundry module, each of which is expected to be completed in the
second half of fiscal 1999.
Pacific Baja outsources the chrome plating and polishing of its custom
wheels due to the presence of hazardous materials associated with this process
and the resulting risk of environmental liabilities.
SUPPLIERS
The raw materials used in Pacific Baja's production of cast aluminum
custom wheels for the automotive aftermarket and cast aluminum parts for
automotive and industrial OEMs consist primarily of aluminum and sand. Aluminum
ingots are purchased from aluminum suppliers such as TST Inc., Vista Corporation
and Noranda Corp. and are melted, poured into sand and/or permanent mold
castings, heat treated, machined, and finished into the final product. Aluminum
purchases are based predominantly on price and typically net 60 day terms.
Pacific Baja does not expect any disruption in its ability to obtain aluminum in
the foreseeable future. See "Cautionary Statements and Risk Factors -- Raw
Materials."
Sand is used in manufacturing the cores that are placed within
permanent molds prior to pouring aluminum and is used in sand aluminum castings
produced by Pacific Baja. Pacific Baja purchases approximately 90% of its sand
from one supplier. However, in the event this supplier is unable to meet the
needs of Pacific Baja, the Company does not anticipate any significant
additional cost or time delays to procure sand from another party.
Pacific Baja's facilities in Ensenada, Mexico are supplied with raw
materials which are purchased in, and delivered from, the United States. This
arrangement is intended to help insulate Pacific Baja from adverse foreign
exchange fluctuations. See "Cautionary Statements and Risk Factors --
International Risks."
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COMPETITION
Pacific Baja faces significant competition in both the cast aluminum
wheels automotive aftermarket industry and cast aluminum product industry. The
barriers to entry to the aluminum foundry business are not prohibitive as
capital costs are less than those associated with steel mills in large part
because foundry operations incorporate minimal high technology.
CAST ALUMINUM WHEELS FOR AUTOMOTIVE AFTERMARKET
Pacific Baja faces competition in the United States from approximately
100 wheel companies of which approximately 25% have manufacturing capability. In
addition, the Company faces competition from OEMs, many of whom provide custom
wheels on production cars. Pacific Baja limits its sales of aftermarket wheels
primarily to the North American automotive market. While the Company believes
there are competitors with significant market share, to the Company's knowledge,
there is no one company with over 10% share in this market.
CAST ALUMINUM PRODUCTS FOR OEMS
The sales of the cast aluminum products to OEMs by Pacific Baja
currently is limited to OEMs operating within the United States. Pacific Baja
faces competition in the cast aluminum product manufacturing industry from a
large number of competitors which have greater revenues and financial resources
than Pacific Baja. Barriers to entry for the cast aluminum product industry for
automotive and industrial OEMs are significantly higher than the barriers to
entry for cast aluminum wheels as OEMs impose high standards of quality control.
The Company's Mexican manufacturing facilities provide Pacific Baja with a cost
advantage over competitors with operations in the United States.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The principal United States corporate office of the Company is located
in leased premises at 21700 Oxnard Street, Suite 1550, Woodland Hills,
California 91367. The office is approximately 5,400 square feet. The term of the
lease expires on August 31, 2002. The Company's monthly rent for the first two
and one half years of the lease term is approximately $10,000 and increases to
approximately $11,000 for the duration of the lease term.
The Company leases office space located at Suite 510, 1090 West Pender
Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, which space, prior to the Company's
domestication, served as its principal corporate offices. The office is
approximately 2,000 square feet and is leased for a three-year term commencing
June 1, 1997. The Company's annual rent is Cdn. $30,212. See "Certain
Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers." The Company is in the
process of subleasing this office.
The Company leases office space located at 311-698 Seymour Street,
Vancouver, British Columbia which serves as the Company's principal corporate
offices in Canada. The office is approximately 500 square feet and is leased for
a one year term commencing January 1, 1999. The Company's annual rent is Cdn.
$3,992.
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Turbodyne Systems' production and assembly facilities are located in
leased premises at 6155 Carpinteria Avenue, Carpinteria, California 93013. The
facilities are approximately 28,000 square feet on 3.17 acres of land and are
subleased on a month to month basis from American Appliance Inc., a private
company controlled by Mr. Halimi. The term of the lease between American
Appliance Inc. and its landlord expires on January 30, 2005. The Company's
monthly rent is $28,224 plus operating costs, including taxes, insurance and
utilities. See "Certain Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers."
Pacific Baja's La Mirada facility is located in leased premises at
15300 Valley View Avenue, La Mirada, California 90638. The facility is
approximately 95,000 square feet. The facility is leased from New England Mutual
Life Insurance Company for a 75 month term expiring March 31, 2001. The rent
payable by Pacific Baja is approximately $24,000 per month, inclusive of taxes
and operating expenses.
One of Pacific Baja's Mexican manufacturing facilities is located in
leased premises at #700 Miramar Y Calle, 18 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
The facility is approximately 120,000 square feet and is leased from Baja
Pacific Properties, an affiliate of the Company, for a ten year term expiring
September 5, 2005. The monthly rent is $15,000, inclusive of taxes and operating
expenses, and increases 5% per annum during each subsequent year of the lease.
See "Certain Transactions with Directors and Executive Officers."
The Company's other Mexican manufacturing facility is located at KM
100.5 Carretera Tinana - Ensenada, El Sauzel De Rodriguez, 22760 Ensenada, B.C.,
Mexico and consists of two buildings comprising approximately 130,000 total
square feet. The Company purchased these facilities in December 1997.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
CLASS ACTION LAWSUITS. In February 1999 several purported class actions were
filed against the Company and certain of its officers and directors in the
United States District Court, Central District of California. These include:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ABBREVIATED CASE NAME CASE NO. DATE FILED
- --------------------- --------------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Takeda, et al. v. Turbodyne Technologies, et al. CV-99-00697-MMM 01/22/99
Zaks, et al. v. Turbodyne Technologies, et al. CV-99-00743-WMB(RZx) 01/25/99
Linscott, et al. v. Turbodyne Technologies, et al. CV-99-00933-MMM 01/28/99
Siebert, et al. v. Turbodyne Technologies, et al. CV-99-01288-MMM 02/08/99
Gentile, et al. v. Turbodyne Technologies, et al. CV-99-02194-LGM 03/01/99
</TABLE>
The Class Actions have been filed on behalf of individuals claiming to have
purchased common stock of the Company during the time period from March 1, 1997
through January 22, 1999 and the plaintiffs seek unspecified damages arising
from alleged misstatements regarding certain of the Company's business
activities. Plaintiffs' counsel have made motions to consolidate the actions and
for appointment of lead counsel. The Company has not yet responded to the
complaint. Since these actions are in the very early stages of litigation, the
Company is unable to assess the likelihood of an adverse result. There can be no
assurances as to the outcome of these actions.
LEIGH WALKER-PENA, AS TRUSTEE OF THE TATTIANA TRUST, AND GLORIA WALKER V.
VINCENT SCALICE AND TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES ET. AL. The Company is a party to an
action filed in December 1997 in the Santa Barbara Superior Court by Leigh
Walker-Pena against Vincent Scalice and the Company. The complaint alleges, as
against the Company, that officers and directors of the Company told plaintiffs
that the Company's stock was going to be listed on Nasdaq, that the price of the
stock would increase substantially and that these statements were false and
misleading and constituted intentional or negligent misrepresentations. The
Company answered the complaint, has denied all of the claims and has asserted
affirmative defenses. This case is in the discovery process.
POLLUTION RESEARCH & CONTROL CORP. ET. AL. V. TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES. On October
2, 1998, Pollution Research and Control Corp., Dasibi Environmental Corp., and
Logan Medical Devices filed an action against the Company in the Superior Court
of the State of California for the County of Los Angeles alleging claims in
connection with an alleged agreement between plaintiffs and the Company pursuant
to which the Company was to acquire all of the issued and outstanding stock of
Dasibi and Logan in exchange for $6.5 million. Plaintiffs also allege that the
agreement required the Company to loan to plaintiffs the sum of $1.1 million.
Plaintiffs seek compensatory and punitive damages in an unspecified amount but
in excess of $2.0 million. The Company answered the complaint, has denied
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the allegations contained therein and has asserted thirteen separate affirmative
defenses. The Company has filed a cross-complaint against Plaintiffs for breach
of a written promissory note in the amount of $100,000, seeking recovery of sums
lent to plaintiffs. These proceedings are in discovery.
GLOBA V. TURBODYNE. An action was filed against the Company in the Superior
Court of the State of California for the County of Santa Barbara alleging breach
of employment contract and fraud. Plaintiff seeks damages of lost wages, stock
options for 100,000 shares of common stock of the Company and other benefits of
his employment. The Company answered the complaint, denying that Plaintiff is
entitled to any lost wages or any other form of compensation, and asserting
fifteen affirmative defenses including that Plaintiff was discharged for cause
and that he signed a written acknowledgement affirming and agreeing that he was
an at-will employee. The proceedings are in discovery. On March 1, 1999,
Plaintiff brought a motion for leave to file a First Amended Complaint adding
allegations that he was discharged for an improper purpose.
The Company believes that the claims described above are without merit and
intends vigorously to defend against them. However, no assurance can be given
that the Company will prevail in these matters and the possibility exists that
an adverse decision might have a material adverse effect on the financial
condition of the Company.
GRAND TECHNOLOGIES ET. AL. V. TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES, ET. AL. On March 3, 1999
in the matter of the binding arbitration between Grand Technologies Inc. and the
Company arising out of the exclusive distributorship agreement entered into
between the Company and Grand in June 1996, the arbitrator has determined that
the Company is liable to Grand for damages in the amount of approximately $6.65
million as a result of negligent misrepresentation, breach of contract and
breach of a purchase order. The decision also provided that Grand recover its
attorney's fees and costs, which to date have not been specified by the
Arbitrator. The Company strongly denies any wrongdoing and will vigorously seek
judicial review to have this award vacated as the Company believes that the
arbitrator exceeded his powers. There can be no assurance that the Company will
be successful in this effort.
With the exception of the actions identified above, the Company and
its subsidiaries are not a party with respect to any material legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and
low closing sales prices of the Company's Common Stock (symbol: TRBD) on the
Nasdaq SmallCap Market.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR AND MONTH HIGH LOW
-------------- ---- ------
<S> <C> <C>
October 1, 1998 to December 31, 1998 $5.81 $4.09
July 1, 1998 to September 30, 1998 17.00 3.25
April 1, 1998 to June 30, 1998 10.81 3.75
January 1, 1998 to March 31, 1998 4.47 2.03
October 1, 1997 to December 31, 1997 5.50 2.72
July 1, 1997 to September 30, 1997 6.37 3.56
April 1, 1997 to June 30, 1997 8.38 3.50
March 27, 1997* to March 31, 1997 9.38 8.00
<FN>
* The Common Stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq Small Cap Market on
March 27, 1997
</FN>
</TABLE>
Page 22
<PAGE>
Effective with the close of business on April 1, 1999, the Common
Stock was delisted from The Nasdaq Stock Market. See "Cautionary Statements and
Risk Factors -- Our Common Stock was Delisted from The Nasdaq SmallCap Market."
As of April 14, 1999, the outstanding Common Stock was held of
record by 176 stockholders.
DIVIDENDS
The Company has not paid any dividends on its Common Stock and
currently intends to retain any future earnings for use in its business.
Therefore, it should not be expected that any dividends will be declared on the
Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Any dividend payment will be at the
discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and will be dependent upon the
Company's earnings, operating and financial condition and capital requirements,
as well as general business conditions.
ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The statement of operations data for the Company for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 and the balance sheet data for the Company at
December 31, 1998 and 1997 are derived from, and should be read in conjunction
with, the audited Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere in
this Report. The statement of operations data for the Company for the years
ended December 31, 1995 and 1994 and the balance sheet data for the Company at
December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 are derived from the audited financial
statements not included in this Report. The data set forth below are qualified
in their entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and
the Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Report.
The Company's financial statements for the fiscal years ended December
31, 1998 and 1997 have been prepared according to United States Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles ("US GAAP"). The Company's financial statements
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996 and the Company's statement of
operations data for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995 included herein
previously were prepared in accordance with Canadian Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles ("CDN GAAP") and have been restated to conform with US
GAAP and are stated in United States dollars. The Company's balance sheet data
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1995 and the Company's financial
statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1994 included herein have been
prepared in accordance with CDN GAAP and are stated in Canadian dollars.
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
For the Fiscal Years Ended
1998 1997 1996 1995 1994
-------- ------- -------- ------ -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
OPERATING DATA:
Sales $40,858 $39,165 $13,944 Nil Nil
Gross Profit 5,033 6,839 1,843 Nil Nil
Net Loss (30,033) (13,185) (5,563) (2,603) (936)
Net Loss per Common Share (.88) (.58) (.33) (.46) (.18)
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Working Capital (Deficit) $4,185 $8,205 $7,026 $83 ($426)
Total Assets 55,046 49,726 39,441 5,202 1,899
Long Term Liabilities 13,079 10,022 5,265 483 Nil
Total Liabilities 29,097 18,883 11,727 966 458
Shareholders Equity 25,949 30,843 27,714 4,236 1,441
Number of Shares Outstanding 41,313,816 29,961,612 23,580,098 16,542,121 10,663,052
</TABLE>
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND
FINANCIAL CONDITION
GENERAL
Turbodyne Technologies Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company" or
"Turbodyne") designs, develops, manufactures and markets proprietary products
that enhance performance and reduce emissions of internal combustion engines
(the "Engine Technology Division") and manufactures aluminum cast automotive
products, including automotive engine components and aftermarket specialty
wheels (the "Light Metals Division").The Company has developed a patented
technology (the "Turbodyne Technology")designed to optimize air flow to internal
combustion engines resulting in efficient fuel combustion in both diesel and
gasoline engines. The Turbodyne Technology also has proved to reduce the
production and emission of harmful pollutants. The Company has incorporated the
Turbodyne Technology into its two primary products: the Turbopac(TM) and the
Dynacharger(TM) (collectively, the "Turbodyne Products").
Through Pacific Baja Light Metals Corp. ("Pacific Baja"), a wholly
owned subsidiary acquired by the Company on July 2, 1996, the Company
manufactures several critical engine components and assemblies including intake
manifolds, oil pans, rocket arm covers, turbocharger and compressor housings for
OEMs in the automotive industry and aluminum wheels for the automotive
aftermarket. The Company also manufactures all of the engineered aluminum
components for the Turbodyne Products.
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<PAGE>
From the date of the acquisition of the Turbodyne Technology in April
1993 to the completion of the acquisition of Pacific Baja, the Company was
engaged, through Turbodyne Systems, a wholly owned subsidiary, principally in
researching and developing products incorporating the Turbodyne Technology.
During this period, the Company commenced development of the Turbodyne System,
the Turbopac(TM) product and the Dynacharger(TM) product. In addition, the
Company's research and development activities resulted in the filing of patent
applications in respect of the Turbodyne Products. The Company undertook low
volume production of its products, for the purpose of testing and evaluation
with OEMs and major retrofit customers. The Company did not record any revenues
attributable to sales of the Turbodyne Products through December 31, 1997 and
minimal revenues through December 31, 1998. At December 31, 1998, the Company
had expended an aggregate of $21,049,000 as research and development costs for
the Turbodyne Products. The development of the Turbodyne Products was financed
during this period primarily from private placement equity financing. The
Company commenced limited sales of the Turbopac(TM) 2500 model in the second,
third and fourth quarters of fiscal 1998 pursuant to its contract with Detroit
Diesel Corporation, a major global diesel engine producer.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Page 24
<PAGE>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1998 AND 1997
SALES. Sales for the year ended December 31, 1998 increased to
40,858,000 from $39,165,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997, an increase of
$1,693,000 or 4.3%.
Sales in these periods were primarily attributable to the Light Metals
Division. The increase in sales is primarily attributable to an increase in the
automotive components segment of the Light Metals business and the commencement
of sales of the Turbodyne Products. For the year ended December 31, 1998 and
1997, respectively, of the total sales, sales attributable to the Light Metals
Division accounted for sales of $40,135,000 and $39,165,000, respectively, and
sales attributable to the Engine Technology Division accounted for sales of
$723,000 for the year ended December 31, 1998. There were no sales in the Engine
Technology Division in fiscal 1997.
The less than expected sales for fiscal 1998 primarily is the result
of much weaker than expected aftermarket wheel orders together with the delayed
EPA Certification of the Detroit Diesel Urban Bus Retrofit Rebuild Kit
(Turbopac(TM) 2500) and significantly slower than expected receipt of sales
orders from Detroit Diesel under that program. The aftermarket demand for wheels
has been forecasted to be a slow-growth or declining market as a result of the
OEMs providing more custom wheels on production cars. This has been a driving
force for the Light Metals Division's strategy to aggressively pursue the
growing global OEM demand for precision cast aluminum components and assemblies
for engine and vehicle application.
For fiscal 1998, aftermarket wheel product sales represented 35% of
the Light Metals Divisions' total sales, a decrease of $6,843,000 or 33% from
fiscal 1997. For fiscal 1998, the engine and vehicle component sales represented
65% of the Light Metals Divisions' total sales, an increase of $7,813,000 or
42% from fiscal 1997. Historically, the margins on the engine components
business have been lower than those for the aftermarket wheel product line.
However, the Company now has in place modern equipment and facilities with
substantially all of its manufacturing operations consolidated in a low labor
cost environment, along with the capacity to pursue and satisfy a substantially
increased volume of automotive components orders, all of which the Company
expects to result in improved margins. This is a forward looking statement
however and actual results may differ. For example, if labor costs increase or
the Company receives less than anticipated orders for the automotive components
segment of the Light Metals business then its margins may not improve. Although
the automotive components segment of the Light Metals Division grew faster than
expected in fiscal 1998, it did not grow fast enough to offset the decline in
the aftermarket wheel segment. The Company expects continued growth in the
automotive components segment of its business and a continued decline in the
aftermarket wheel segment as a percentage of its total business. This is a
forward looking statement however and actual results may differ. For example, if
the Company's strategy to pursue the growing OEM demand for precision cast
aluminum components and assemblies is not successful, the automotive engine
components segment may not continue to grow as expected.
Even though the aftermarket wheel segment is not a growth business,
the Company believes that it is financially advantageous to remain in that
industry as it historically has provided high gross margins. Accordingly, the
Company has developed a strategy designed to ensure that it obtains a moderate
and profitable market share position as one of the leading after market wheel
producers. This is a forward looking statement, however, and actual results may
differ. For example, a slow down in the aftermarket wheel industry could cause
gross margins to fall. Further, increased competition could cause Turbodyne to
lose market share and reduce profitability. In the fourth quarter
of fiscal 1998, the Company expanded its wheel business to include the
distribution of
Page 25
<PAGE>
wheels by foreign manufacturers. Sales attributable to these distribution
agreements were minimal in fiscal 1998 and may continue to be minimal in future
periods.
Profitability of the Light Metals Division is affected by seasonal
factors as sales of aftermarket wheel products typically peak in the spring of
each year while operating costs continue throughout the year and by increasing
aluminum costs as the prices of its cast aluminum products are fixed under
contract in advance of production.
COST OF GOODS SOLD. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of material
and labor costs attributable to the Light Metals Division. Cost of goods sold in
fiscal 1998 increased to $35,825,000 from $32,326,000 in fiscal 1997, an
increase of $3,499,000 or 10.8%. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales
for fiscal 1998 increased to 87.7% from 82.5% for fiscal 1997. The cost of goods
sold in each of these years was primarily attributable to the Light Metals
Division. The increase in cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales in
fiscal 1998 is primarily attributable to increased manufacturing costs being
realized as a result of the relocation, consolidation and modernization of all
wheel production and the majority of the automotive engine components foundry
and machine shop operations to the new Ensenada, Mexico plant. These costs
include, among other factors, the reduction in productivity experienced as a
result of operating in two remote locations as well as extraordinary costs to
ensure that orders received during the relocation process were timely met.
In fiscal 1998, the Light Metals Division incurred costs and expenses
in excess of management's projections and experienced delays attributable to the
relocation, consolidation and modernization of all existing aluminum foundry and
machining operations which were in place in its La Mirada, California facility
to its newly acquired facility in Ensenada, Mexico. These costs include costs
associated with the relocation of machinery and equipment from the La Mirada
facility to the Ensenada facility, the hiring and training of new employees at
the Ensenada facility, temporary retention and severance costs of the labor
force at the La Mirada facility, overtime premiums and transportation expedite
premiums incurred to meet increased demand in the automotive components business
and production inefficiencies incurred in operating two production plants during
the relocation. All of these costs were expensed as incurred.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 1998 and first quarter of 1999,
the Company began to realize favorable effects of the modernization and
relocation on its profit margins as a result of greater productivity and reduced
costs. The Company expects further improvements in the quality of its products,
and expects greater productivity and reduced costs as the modernization and
relocation efforts are fully completed. In addition, the Company anticipates
that the new facility will provide the Company with adequate capacity to meet
current production volume and expected growth from both new third party
customers as well as increased production for the Turbodyne Products. These are
forward looking statements however and actual results may differ. For example,
if the modernization and relocation of the manufacturing operations of the
Company does not timely occur or if the costs associated with these activities
further exceed management's expectations, the Company's results of operations
may be adversely effected. The Company believes that its investment in the
modernization and relocation of the aluminum foundry and machining operations to
Ensenada is essential to support the expected growth in both the Engine
Technology and Light Metals Divisions over at least the next three years.
Page 26
<PAGE>
Phase I of the relocation which consisted of the relocation and
modernization of all wheel machining operations from the existing La Mirada
facility to Ensenada was completed during the first six months of 1998. Phase II
of the relocation to Ensenada, which consists of the relocation and
modernization of the remaining automotive engine components foundry and
machining operations located in La Mirada to the new Ensenada facility, has been
substantially completed except for the relocation of the pedestal line machining
operation and the installation of a new sand foundry module, each of which is
expected to be completed in the second half of fiscal 1999.
The Company experienced an acceleration of orders in the automotive
engine components segment in fiscal 1998 due in part to its increased marketing
efforts associated with this division. These orders were received by the Company
prior to the relocation of its automotive components manufacturing operations to
the Ensenada facility and therefore the Company incurred extraordinary costs to
ensure the customer orders were timely met.
The Company also incurred costs in fiscal 1998 due to a ramp up of
production activities relating to the Turbopac 2500 product line to satisfy the
expected orders from Detroit Diesel, the TransBusiness Group of Russia and
other anticipated business.
GROSS PROFIT. Gross profit for fiscal 1998 decreased to $5,033,000 or
12.3% of sales compared to $6,839,000 or 17.5% of sales for fiscal 1997, a
decrease of $1,806,000 or 26.4%. Gross profit for these years was primarily
attributable to the Light Metals Division.
The reduction in gross profit for fiscal 1998 primarily is
attributable to two factors: the extraordinary costs associated with the
relocation, consolidation and modernization of the Light Metals Division and the
shift in product mix from aftermarket wheel sales with higher gross margins to
engine component sales with lower gross margins, all as discussed in more detail
under Cost of Goods Sold above.
SELLING, GENERAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES. Selling, general and
administrative expenses for fiscal 1998 increased to $15,026,000 from $9,136,000
for the fiscal 1997, an increase of $5,890,000, or 64.5%. Selling, general and
administrative expenses as a percentage of sales increased to 36.8% from 23.3%
for the comparable fiscal year periods. These changes are primarily attributable
to the additional expenses associated with the Company's marketing efforts to
obtain commercial orders and develop new strategic relationships, as well as the
recruiting, hiring and employment of management to grow and improve the
performance of both the technology business and the light metals business, in
combination with the increased expenses associated with recruiting and training
of the new labor force at the new facility in Ensenada.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. Research and development costs for fiscal
1998 increased to $7,915,000 from $6,609,000 for fiscal 1997, an increase of
$1,306,000, or 19.8%. The increase was primarily attributable to on-going
development of the Dynacharger(TM) product, finalizing the Turbopac(TM) 1500,
2000, 2200 and 2500 models, final validation testing of the Turbopac(TM) 2500
model, and preparing for full scale commercial production of the Turbopac(TM)
2500 and 1500 models. In addition, development programs were also initiated for
Turbopac(TM) 3000 and 3500 models expanding the product line to meet the
requirements for larger engines. Research and development costs also included
the operation and expansion of the Company's quality control laboratory at
Turbodyne Systems. Based on the Company's historical expenditures related to
research and development and its
Page 27
<PAGE>
current development goals, the Company anticipates for the foreseeable future,
research and development expenses will continue to be significant.
COMPENSATION EXPENSE. During fiscal 1998, the Company granted 760,000
stock options to consultants for various services rendered associated with
marketing, legal and related matters that the Company deemed essential to its
operations at prices ranging from $2.35 to $8.50. As a result, the Company
recognized $3,308,000 of compensation expense in fiscal 1998. The Company
doesn't anticipate any further significant granting of options to non-employees
in subsequent periods.
OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSES. Other income and expense consists primarily
of interest expense on bank operating lines of credit and equipment finance
contracts and interest income on cash. Interest expense for fiscal 1998
increased $30,000 or 3.9% from fiscal 1997. The increase was attributable to an
increase in interest income due to an increase in the Company's average daily
cash position offset by additional borrowings and financing for property and
equipment purchases.
NET LOSS. Net loss for fiscal 1998 was $30,033,000, an increase of
$16,848,000 compared to the prior period. Of the increase in net loss for fiscal
1998, a substantial portion was on a non-cash and nonrecurring basis, consisting
in part of $1,400,000 of non-cash accruals for contingent liabilities associated
with certain legal actions pending against the Company, approximately $1,000,000
of non-cash inventory reserve and write off, $700,000 non-cash accrual for
potential tax liability and $3,308,000 of non-cash non-employee compensation
expenses largely attributable to consultants retained by the Company to assist
it in connection with marketing, legal and related matters. On a cash basis, the
net cash used in the Company's operating activities was $18,269,000, or
$4,476,000 greater than the comparable prior period. In addition to the non-cash
items discussed above, a significant portion of the increase in net loss and
cash used in operating activities also is directly related to the
reorganization, modernization and relocation of the Light Metals Division, which
as of March 31, 1999, is substantially complete. For fiscal 1998, the Light
Metals Division reported a net loss before taxes of $4,595,000, including
$2,323,000 of relocation charges. For fiscal 1997, the Light Metals Division
reported a profit before taxes of $1,870,000. The net impact on the operating
results of the Light Metals Division for fiscal 1998 due primarily to the
decline in wheel orders and the Company's relocation efforts, was a reversal
from profitability to a loss in the amount of $6,465,000, or 38% of the reported
increase in net loss in fiscal 1998.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997 AND 1996
SALES. Net sales for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 increased
to $39,165,000 from $13,944,000 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996, an
increase of $25,221,000, or 181%. The sales in both years were attributable
entirely to the Light Metals Division. The increase is largely attributable to
the inclusion of the financial results of the Light Metals Division for the
entire 1997 fiscal year as compared to the 1996 fiscal year in which the
financial results of the Light Metals Division were included commencing July 2,
1996, the effective date of the acquisition of the Light Metals Division. For
the 1997 fiscal year and the 1996 fiscal year, respectively, of the total sales
attributable to the Light Metals Division, sales of aftermarket wheel products
accounted for sales of $20,691,000 and $8,560,000, respectively, and sales of
cast aluminum products, including compressor housings and manifolds, accounted
for sales of $18,474,000 and $5,384,000, respectively. The net sales for fiscal
1997 also include sales of $2,258,000
Page 28
<PAGE>
related to the Navistar machining business conducted pursuant to the Navistar
contract. See "Item 1. Business--Light Metals Division--Material Supply
Agreements."
COST OF GOODS SOLD. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of material
and labor costs attributable to the Light Metals Division. Costs of goods sold
for fiscal 1997 increased to $32,326,000 from $12,101,000 for fiscal 1996, an
increase of $20,225,000, or 167%. The cost of goods sold in each of these years
was attributable solely to the Light Metals Division. The increase primarily is
due to the inclusion of the financial results of the Light Metals Division for
the entire 1997 fiscal year as compared to the 1996 fiscal year in which the
financial results of the Light Metals Division were included commencing July 2,
1996, the effective date of the acquisition of the Light Metals Division. Of the
total cost of goods sold attributable to the Light Metals Division, cost of
goods sold related to the aftermarket wheel products accounted for $16,701,000
and cost of goods sold related to the cast aluminum products, including
compressor housings and manifolds, accounted for $15,074,000.
Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 83% and 87% for
fiscal 1997 and fiscal 1996, respectively.
GROSS PROFIT. Gross profit for fiscal 1997 increased to $6,839,000
from $1,843,000 for fiscal 1996, an increase of $4,996,000, or 271%. Gross
profit for these years also was attributable solely to the Light Metals
Division. Of the gross profit attributable to the Light Metals Division, sales
of aftermarket wheel products accounted for gross profits of $3,990,000 and
sales of cast aluminum products, including compressor housings and manifolds,
accounted for a gross profit of $3,400,000.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. Research and development costs increased to
$6,609,000 in fiscal 1997 from $3,622,000 in fiscal 1996, an increase of
$2,987,000, or 83%. This increase was primarily attributable to finalizing the
Turbopac(TM) 1500 and 2500 models, final testing of the Turbopac(TM) 2500 model,
on-going development of the Dynacharger(TM) product and preparing for full scale
commercial production of the Turbopac(TM) 1500 model. Research and development
costs also included the operation of the Company's quality control laboratory at
Turbodyne Systems.
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES. Selling, general and
administrative expenses increased to $9,136,000 for fiscal 1997 from $2,822,000
in fiscal 1996, an increase of $6,314,000, or 224%. The increase in operating
expenses was largely due to the addition of the operating expenses associated
with the Light Metals Division as well as additional expenses relating to
increased product development efforts, including expenses associated with
overseas travel in conjunction with the Company's pursuit of strategic
relationships and the designation of its Common Stock on the Easdaq Market. See
"Item 1. Business--Engine Technology Division--Marketing Efforts and Joint
Venture Relationships." Also, the Company incurred additional expenses
associated with start-up costs related to the Navistar machining work, increased
training for the new labor force hired and more than expected scrapping and
recasting of new product lines to obtain the necessary quality levels.
Page 29
<PAGE>
OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSES. Other income and expense consists primarily
of interest expense on bank operating lines of credit and equipment finance
contracts.
NET LOSS. The Company recorded a net loss of $13,185,000 in fiscal
1997 and a net loss of $5,563,000 in fiscal 1996 for the reasons set forth
above.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company's operations have been financed principally through a
combination of private and public sales of equity and debt securities,
borrowings under a bank credit facility and cash flows from the operations of
Pacific Baja. At December 31, 1998, the principal source of liquidity for the
Company was $1,257,000 of cash as compared to $949,000 at December 31, 1997.
Cash used in operating activities for fiscal 1998 and 1997 was
$18,269,000 and $13,793,000, respectively, primarily as a result of net losses
from operations and the finance of the increase in accounts receivable and
inventory.
Cash used in investing activities for fiscal 1998 and 1997, was
$2,725,000 and $6,868,000, respectively, resulting primarily from the purchase
of property and equipment primarily related to the relocation of the Company's
manufacturing facilities from La Mirada to Ensenada.
Cash provided by financing activities for fiscal 1998 and 1997 was
$21,418,000 and $18,241,000, respectively, resulting primarily from the sale of
equity and convertible debt securities as well as bank borrowings.
The Company believes that funds generated from Pacific Baja, existing
working capital, and its existing and anticipated financing activities will be
sufficient to satisfy its anticipated operating requirements for at least the
next twelve months.
YEAR 2000
Computer based systems that require date/time calculations to operate
correctly are subject to miscalculations and system failure on and after year
2000. This is known as the Y2K problem. The Y2K problem affects systems that
were developed to accept two digit entries for the year in the date code field.
After midnight on December 31, 1999, these systems may recognize a date using
`00' as the year 1900 rather than the year 2000. Another known issue is that
many systems will not recognize the year 2000 as a leap year. The Y2K problem is
pervasive in that it goes beyond internal systems to involve supply and
distribution chains and extends to both public and private infrastructure
services including water, gas, electricity, transportation and communications.
The Company believes its products are Year 2000 compliant.
The Company is continuing the comprehensive evaluation of its internal
business systems. Certain infrastructure and information systems are being
upgraded to meet Year 2000 requirements. At the completion of these current
projects, the Company will be conducting transaction testing to evaluate
compliance of the overall system infrastructure. To date, the Company has
substantially
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<PAGE>
completed the risk analysis on all systems. The Company believes that the vast
majority of Y2K-related issues with respect to internal business systems have
been inventoried and analyzed and that the Company will complete certification
and/or testing by the end of the third quarter of 1999.
The Company is continuing to review its suppliers to determine that
the suppliers' operations and the products and services they provide are Year
2000 compliant. The Company has completed a survey of substantially all of its
suppliers and has evaluated their individual risk potential as well as the risk
potential of their suppliers. These suppliers represent that they currently are
Y2K compliant or will be by December 31, 1999. Currently, the Company's
contingency strategies include seeking alternative sources of supplies or
acquiring sufficient material to support the Company's operations for the first
half of 2000. Though the Company believes it has sufficient alternatives and
liquidity to meeting this contingency strategy, such failures of suppliers
remain a possibility and could have a material adverse impact on the Company's
results of operations and financial condition.
The Company has spent approximately $50,000 on the discovery, planning
and resolution phases of its Y2K program, which includes hardware and software
upgrades and replacements and consulting fees. Management anticipates that the
remainder of the Y2K redemption process to cost approximately $100,000. These
costs are being expensed as incurred.
Readers are cautioned that forward-looking statements contained in
this Year 2000 disclosure should be read in conjunction with the Company's
disclosures under the heading, "Special Note Regarding Forward-looking
Information," set forth at the beginning of this Report. Readers should
understand that the dates on which the Company believes Year 2000 issues will be
resolved are based upon management's best estimates, which were derived
utilizing numerous assumptions of future events, including the availability of
certain resources, third-party modification plans and other factors. However,
there can be no guarantee that these estimates will be achieved, or that there
will not be a delay in, or increased costs associated with, the implementation
of the Company's Year 2000 compliance project. A delay in specific factors that
might cause differences between the estimates and actual results include, but
are not limited to, the availability and cost of personnel trained in these
areas, timely responses to and corrections by third parties and suppliers, the
ability to implement interfaces between the new systems and the systems not
being replaced, and similar uncertainties. Due to the general uncertainty
inherent in the Year 2000 problem, resulting in part from the uncertainty of the
Year 2000 readiness of third parties and the inter-connection of national and
international businesses, the Company cannot ensure that it has the ability to
timely and cost effectively resolve problems associated with the Year 2000 issue
that may affect its operations and business, or expose it to third party
liability.
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<PAGE>
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In 1998, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Statements No.133,
"Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS No. 133").
SFAS No. 133 modifies the accounting for derivative and hedging activities and
is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1999. The Company
believes that the adoption of SFAS No. 133 will not have a material impact on
the Company's financial reporting.
In 1998, the AICPA issued Statement of Position (SOP) 98-1,
"Accounting for Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal
Use." The Company believes that the adoption of SOP 98-1 will not have a
material impact on the Company's financial reporting.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS AND RISK FACTORS
OUR COMMON STOCK WAS DELISTED FROM THE NASDAQ SMALLCAP MARKET
Our Common Stock was delisted from The Nasdaq SmallCap Market on April
1, 1999. While we have requested a review of the determination to delist our
securities, we cannot assure you that the reviewing body will determine to
reinstate our securities for trading on The Nasdaq Stock Market. The ability of
our stockholders to buy and sell shares of common stock may be materially
impaired. Also, any continued delisting of our common stock could adversely
affect our ability to enter into future equity financing transactions or to
effect an acquisition or merger with other businesses.
WE MAY BECOME SUBJECT TO RULES RELATING TO LOW-PRICED OR PENNY STOCK
The Company expects that the common stock may be traded in the
over-the-counter markets through the "pink sheets" or on the NASD's OTC Bulletin
Board, in which event the common stock would be covered by a SEC rule that
imposes additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell our
securities to certain persons. These rules may affect the ability of
broker-dealers to sell our common stock and also may affect the ability of
holders of our common stock to resell their shares of common stock.
WE HAVE NO HISTORY OF PRODUCT SALES
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None of the Turbodyne Products are commercially produced except for
the TurbopacTM 1500 product and limited commercial production of the TurbopacTM
2500 product. The other models of the TurbopacTM product and all models of the
DynachargerTM product remain in various stages of development. We cannot assure
you that the other TurbopacTM models and DynachargerTM products will be
developed timely or that they will be commercially accepted. The failure of the
TurbopacTM and DynachargerTM products to achieve commercial success would have a
material adverse effect on the business, operating results and financial
condition of the Company.
WE HAVE A HISTORY OF LOSSES AND WE ANTICIPATE FUTURE LOSSES
To date, we have not been profitable. We reported net losses of
$30,033,000, $13,185,000 and $5,563,000 for the fiscal years ended December 31,
1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. At December 31, 1998, we had an accumulated
deficit of $54,269,000. We cannot assure you that we will report net income in
any future year or period. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Results
of Operations and Financial Condition."
ANTICIPATED FINANCING TRANSACTIONS
We have reported net losses in each year since we began operations. We
do not have substantial cash on hand. If our anticipated financing transactions
are not completed timely, our research and product development efforts may be
substantially delayed or eliminated and our business and results of operations
will be materially adversely affected.
WE HAVE ENCOUNTERED DELAYS AND START-UP COSTS IN DEVELOPING OUR PRODUCTS
We have recently completed final design of the DynachargerTM product
and we have commenced only limited commercial production of certain of the
TurbopacTM models. Historically, we have encountered unexpected delays in
development due to undetected design defects or changes to specifications and we
may continue to experience delays. These delays could increase the cost of
development of these products and affect the timing of commercial availability.
Our revenue in fiscal 1999 will depend to a significant degree on sales of the
TurbopacTM product, which we commercially introduced in the third quarter of
1997. If we encounter problems in the application of the TurbopacTM product or
any other new products, our business and prospects could be materially and
adversely affected. Moreover, we do not expect to begin production of the
DynachargerTM product until we have entered into joint venture relationships
with reliable manufacturers of turbochargers. While we have entered into
agreements with certain manufacturers, we have not yet received, and may never
receive, purchase orders under these agreements. If we are unable to form these
relationships timely, or at all, or if our existing relationships or future
relationships do not result in purchase orders, our potential sales of the
DynachargerTM product and our results of operations will be materially
adversely affected.
We have incurred, and likely will continue to incur substantial
start-up costs associated with the introduction of new products. As a result, we
likely will incur operating losses or experience a reduced level of
profitability in periods following product introduction. We cannot assure you
that any new product will receive market acceptance or that the product can be
sold at a profit. Additionally, both the DynachargerTM and certain of the
TurbopacTM models have undergone only limited testing; consequently, once
commercially introduced, each product could require additional refinement.
Moreover, in the event government standards regarding emissions are increased,
we may need to modify its design and improve the Turbodyne Technology to meet
these new standards, which may require significant expenditures and delay
production of the Turbodyne Products. Any delay in commercial production or
additional refinement to these products could result in a material adverse
effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
OUR MARKETING EFFORTS INVOLVE LONG TESTING PERIODS
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<PAGE>
We have entered into, and expect to continue to enter into,
relationships with OEMs and with parties in the aftermarket installation sector
in an effort to market the Turbodyne Products. These parties typically engage in
testing programs concerning our products that last for a period between three to
five years. During this period, we may provide certain products to these parties
free of charge or at a reduced rate. In addition, we devote a significant amount
of time and attention to pursuing these programs in an effort to obtain purchase
orders for the products tested. These parties are under no obligation to
purchase our products during these testing periods and following their
evaluations, may determine not to purchase any products from us. Alternatively,
these parties may request modifications to existing products in order to satisfy
specific regulations imposed in the countries in which they operate.
Accordingly, we may expend a significant amount of time and devote substantial
resources to these testing programs which may not result in any sales or if
purchase orders are obtained, it may occur many years following the commencement
of the related testing program.
WE WILL LIKELY EXPERIENCE POTENTIAL FLUCTUATIONS IN QUARTERLY RESULTS AND
SEASONALITY
We have experienced, and in the future may experience, significant
fluctuations in quarterly operating results that have been and may be caused by
many factors including:
o introduction or enhancement of products by us and our competitors,
o customer demand for our products,
o development and marketing expenses relating to the introduction of new
products or enhancements of existing products,
o timing of certification of certain products by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and other environmental regulatory organizations,
o results from third parties participating in pilot programs involving our
products,
o changes or anticipated changes in pricing by us or our competitors,
o the mix of products sold and the gross margins attributable to such
products,
o industry and technology developments,
o product delays or other product quality problems,
o currency fluctuations,
o the timing of orders from customers,
o order cancellations,
o delays in shipment and other developments and decisions including the
timing and extent of development expenditures, and
o other unanticipated operating expenses and general economic conditions.
Moreover, sales of aftermarket wheel products typically peak in the
spring of each year. We anticipate that our operating results will continue to
fluctuate significantly in the future as a result of these and other factors. A
substantial portion of our costs and expenses are related to costs of
engineering services and other personnel costs, product development, facilities
and marketing programs. We cannot adjust the level of spending for these costs
and expenses quickly and our level of spending is based, in significant part, on
our expectations of future revenues. If revenues are below expectations, our
quarterly and annual operating results will be adversely effected, which could
have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Page 34
<PAGE>
INTENSE COMPETITION
The business environment in which we operate is highly competitive.
Certain of our competitors have and potential competitors may have greater
financial, marketing, technological and other resources. We believe that no
products technologically similar to the TurbopacTM and DynachargerTM products
have been sold. However, future competitors may develop related technologies
that improve the performance of internal combustion engines and/or reduce
emissions that are not encompassed by our patents. In addition, other companies
may be issued patents which may inhibit our ability to develop certain products
encompassed by those patents. There also may be improvements to existing
technologies.
If new techniques are developed and are commercially successful, they
may reduce our potential market share or make the Turbodyne Products less
attractive or obsolete, each of which will adversely effect our business. In
addition, a relatively small number of OEMs hold a significant share of the
automotive market and the determination of an OEM not to incorporate the
TurbopacTM products into its product line may force us to expend additional
amounts to gain market share and/or significantly reduce our potential market
share.
Our strategy is one of aggressive product development and enhancement
and patent support to protect a competitive position to the extent practicable.
However, we cannot assure you that the market will determine that the Turbodyne
Products are superior to existing or subsequently developed competitive
products, that we will obtain significant market share or be able to adapt to
evolving markets and technologies, develop new products or achieve or maintain
technological advantages.
WE MAY BE UNABLE TO PROTECT OUR PROPRIETARY ASSETS
We have filed patent applications in the United States and in certain
foreign jurisdictions relating to the Turbodyne System, the TurbopacTM product
and the DynachargerTM product. Certain patents have been issued and other
applications are in various stages of review at the U.S. or foreign patent
office. Application for a patent offers no assurance that a patent will be
issued or issued without material modification. Moreover, we cannot assure you
that patents will be issued, or that issued patents will not be circumvented or
invalidated, that proprietary information can be maintained as such or that we
will be able to achieve or maintain a technological advantage. We may incur
substantial costs seeking to enforce our patent rights against infringement or
the unauthorized use of our proprietary technology by others or in defending
ourselves against similar claims of others. Our trade secrets and proprietary
know-how are critical for us to achieve and maintain a competitive position. We
cannot assure you that others may not independently develop similar or superior
technologies or gain access to our trade secrets or know-how.
OUR PRICING STRATEGY MAY BE INEFFECTIVE
We have developed a pricing strategy and price lists for sales of the
Turbodyne Products. This pricing strategy is based on retail selling prices of
indirectly competitive products and on estimated costs of production. Market
acceptance of the Turbodyne Products will be heavily dependent on our pricing
policy and the cost-benefit to the user of the Turbodyne Products. The
marketplace might not accept our pricing levels. Additionally, the cost benefit
to manufacturers for using Turbodyne Products may be insufficient to encourage
mass purchase. If our current price lists
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<PAGE>
are not accepted by the market, we may have to decrease our prices which will
result in lower margins and could have a material adverse effect on the results
of our operations.
WE DEPEND ON KEY PERSONNEL
The skills and efforts of our management team and engineering staff,
including our Chairman of the Board of Directors and developer of the Turbodyne
Technology, Mr. Edward M. Halimi and President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr.
Walter Ware are critical to our success. We have entered into an employment
agreement with Mr. Halimi and have agreed to the terms of an agreement with Mr.
Ware each with terms expiring in 2008. We maintain no insurance on the lives of
the senior management or scientific staff. As we grow, we will continue to hire,
appoint or otherwise change senior management and members of the engineering
staff. We cannot assure you that executive officers and key personnel will
remain with us or that we will attract additional qualified members to
management in the future. The loss of services of Mr. Halimi, Mr. Ware or of any
key employee could have a material adverse effect on our business.
RELOCATION OF MANUFACTURING FACILITIES
We are relocating and modernizing our manufacturing facilities from La
Mirada, California to Ensenada, Mexico. Phase I of the relocation which
consisted of the relocation and modernization of all wheel machining operations
from the existing La Mirada facility to Ensenada was completed during the first
six months of 1998. Phase II of the relocation to Ensenada, which consists of
the relocation and modernization of the remaining automotive engine components
foundry and machining operations located in La Mirada to the new Ensenada
facility, has been substantially completed except for the relocation of a small
pedestal line machining operation and the installation of a new sand foundry
module, each of which is expected to be completed in the second half of fiscal
1999. Expenses for the relocation of the wheel machining operations and the
automotive engine components exceeded our projections. The relocation has taken
longer than we initially expected. Further unexpected costs and delays in
connection with the relocation of the automotive engine components foundry and
machining operations may adversely affect results of our operations and
profitability.
WE MUST KEEP PACE WITH TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
The industries in which we compete are characterized by rapid and
significant technological change. Our success will depend in large part not only
on the success of the initial introduction of the TurbopacTM product and the
DynachargerTM product, but also on the ability to enhance these products and
develop new products. Moreover, changes in manufacturing technology could
require us to make significant expenditures on new plant and equipment in order
to remain competitive, all of which could adversely affect our operating costs
and results of operations. We cannot assure you that our products will be
commercially accepted or that we will be able to enhance existing products or
develop new products. We also cannot assure you that technological change will
not render obsolete or uneconomical any of our products. Our ability to continue
to develop and market new and improved products that can achieve significant
market acceptance will determine our future sales and profitability.
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<PAGE>
DECLINE IN SALES OF AFTERMARKET WHEEL PRODUCTS
Sales of aftermarket wheel products have continued to decline in
recent years. Aftermarket wheel products represented approximately 60% of sales
of our Light Metals Division for fiscal 1996, 53% of sales of our Light Metals
Division for fiscal 1997 and 35% of sales of our Light Metals Division for
fiscal 1998. We are aggressively pursuing a strategy to meet the growing OEM
demand for precision cast aluminum components and assemblies for several reasons
including to compensate for the decreased sales in aftermarket wheel products.
We believe that sales attributable to aftermarket wheel products will continue
to decline. This decline could have a material adverse effect on our business
and results of operation.
WE DEPEND ON A LIMITED NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS
Revenues attributable to the Light Metals Division accounted for 100%
of the revenues of the Company in each of fiscal 1996 and 1997 and accounted for
substantially all of the Company's revenues fiscal 1998. The majority of sales
attributable to the Light Metals Division are to approximately four customers.
These four purchasers accounted for approximately 80% of net sales in fiscal
1996, 1997 and 1998. The loss of any major customer, a significant decrease in
product shipment to, an inability to collect amounts owing from, a deterioration
of the relationship with or any change in the financial condition of any of
these customers could have a material adverse effect on our business and
operating results.
CUSTOMER PREFERENCES
Certain of the products of the Light Metals Division are subject to
short term changes in consumer preferences and demands. If consumer preferences
change, existing products or products under development may become unmarketable
which could adversely effect our sales and results of operations.
INTERNATIONAL RISKS
A significant amount of the production in the Light Metals Division
takes place at the Ensenada, Mexico facility and is imported into the United
States under favorable trade agreements existing between the governments of the
United States and Mexico. Changes in the provisions of these trade arrangements
and in North American trade agreements generally could adversely affect the
production costs and profitability of the Light Metals Division. In addition,
changes in the foreign exchange rates for the Mexican Peso and the US Dollar or
changes in economic and political conditions, import and export controls,
tariffs, and other regulatory requirements could adversely affect certain
operating costs and the results of our operations.
RAW MATERIALS
Although there are many potential suppliers of aluminum, we currently
rely on a single source of supply for approximately 70% of our aluminum.
Accordingly, the business interruption of a supplier could cause temporary
delays or interruptions in our operations while we procure an alternative
supplier. Such delays, if encountered for an extended period, could have a
material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Additionally,
we purchase the raw aluminum material
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<PAGE>
for our products at market prices. Changes in demand and price of aluminum could
reduce our margins on cast aluminum products as the cost of these products is
fixed under contract in advance of production and could affect our ability to
deliver products pursuant to contractual commitments. If the margins on our cast
aluminum products decrease or if we are unable to complete our contractual
obligations, the results of our operations could be materially adversely
effected.
VOLATILITY IN RUSSIAN FINANCIAL MARKETS
The Russian economy recently has experienced severe volatility in both
financial and currency markets despite the monetary support and financing
provided by the International Monetary Fund. The Russian ruble has been allowed
to devalue significantly and generally lacks convertibility into other
currencies. Political reforms in Russia continue to be instituted by its current
President, but the pace of reform is slowing. These developments have been
accompanied by a substantial decline in the Russian stock market.
It is uncertain whether stability will return to the Russian financial
markets. Continued or increased economic difficulties in Russia will limit
potential sales of our products into the Russian market generally, and will
decrease the likelihood that TransBusiness Group of Moscow will obtain the
necessary financing in order for the Company to commence shipments of the
Turbopacs(TM) pursuant to its agreement with TransBusiness. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
OUR STOCK PRICE IS EXTREMELY VOLATILE
The price of our Common Stock has been and may continue to be subject
to wide fluctuations in response to a number of events and factors, such as
quarterly variations in results of operations, announcements of new
technological innovations or purchase orders for the Turbodyne Products, changes
in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts, the operating
and stock price performance of other companies that investors may deem
comparable to us, and news relating to trends in our markets. In addition, the
stock market in general, and the market for high technology stocks in
particular, has experienced extreme volatility that often has been unrelated to
the operating performance of these companies. These broad market and industry
fluctuations may adversely affect the price of our Common Stock, regardless of
our operating performance.
EFFECT OF OUTSTANDING OPTIONS, WARRANTS AND CONVERTIBLE STOCK
As of April 15, 1999, approximately 48,150,458 shares of Common Stock
will be outstanding assuming the exercise of all outstanding options and
warrants. Although some of these options and warrants are exercisable at prices
which may exceed the current prevailing market prices of our Common Stock, their
existence could potentially limit the scope of increases in the market value of
the Common Stock which might otherwise be realized. The terms on which we may
obtain additional financing during the respective terms of these outstanding
stock options and warrants may be adversely affected by their existence. The
holders of these stock options and warrants may exercise these securities at
times when we might be able to obtain additional capital through one or more new
offerings of securities or other forms of financing on terms more favorable than
those provided by these stock options and warrants.
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<PAGE>
offerings of securities or other forms of financing on terms more favorable than
those provided by such stock options and warrants.
ABSENCE OF DIVIDENDS
We have never paid cash dividends on the Common Stock and no cash
dividends are expected to be paid on the Common Stock in the foreseeable future.
Any future determination to declare or pay dividends will be at the discretion
of the Board of Directors and will be dependent on our results of operations,
financial condition, contractual and legal restrictions and other factors deemed
relevant by the Board of Directors.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 and
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998 and the report
of Independent Public Accountants are included on pages F-1 to F-21
of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES
None.
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<PAGE>
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the
directors and executive officers of the Company as of April 14, 1999:
NAME AND POSITION AGE COMMENCEMENT OF SERVICES
- --------------------------------------- --- ------------------------
Robert Taylor (1) 59 July 12, 1996
Director
Walter F. Ware 55 October 1, 1997
President and Chief Executive Officer
Edward M. Halimi 54 October 18, 1993
Chairman of the Board
Leon E. Nowek (1) 42 October 18, 1993
Vice Chairman, Secretary and Director
Daniel Geronazzo (1)(2)(3) 68 January 24, 1995
Director
Dr. Sadayappa Durairaj 55 September 16, 1996
Director
Wendell R. Anderson (2)(3) 66 November 20, 1995
Director
Khal A. Kader 26 July 6, 1998
Chief Financial Officer
Duane Rosenheim 66 June 16, 1998
Chief Operating Officer
- -------------------------------------
(1) Member of the Audit Committee
(2) Member of the Compensation Committee
(3) Member of the Stock Option Committee
EDWARD M. HALIMI is Chairman of the Board of Directors. From October
18, 1993 to March 11, 1998, Mr. Halimi served as President and Chief Executive
Officer of the Company. Mr. Halimi developed the Turbodyne Technology which is
incorporated into the Company's two primary products. Mr. Halimi spent 11 years
working with FerroPlast Corporation, an international company
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<PAGE>
specializing in the engineering and manufacture of diesel engines, pumps,
electric motors and farm equipment. As a Vice-President, Mr. Halimi worked in
the engineering and manufacturing divisions in the Middle East and Europe and
was responsible for the home building and housing operations in the United
States. From 1988 to 1991, Mr. Halimi was the President and Chief Executive
Officer of Technodyne Corporation, a manufacturer of heat management and
temperature control units and since 1989 serves as Chief Executive Officer of
Biosonics Corporation, a research and development company in the fields of
ultrasonics, vibration control and semi-conductor research and electronics.
LEON E. NOWEK is Vice Chairman, Secretary and a director of the
Company and is responsible for business development activities as well as
regulatory affairs. Mr. Nowek was appointed a director of the Company in 1993,
as Vice Chairman in February 1998 and as Secretary in July 1998. From June 1995
to February 1998, Mr. Nowek served as the Company's Chief Financial Officer.
Prior thereto, since July 1993, Mr. Nowek was an independent management
consultant.
WENDELL R. ANDERSON is a director of the Company. Mr. Anderson is an
attorney with the firm of Larkin, Hoffman, Daly and Lindgren Ltd. of
Bloomington, Minnesota and has been practicing law since 1963. Mr. Anderson has
held several positions of public office. From 1959 to 1963 Mr. Anderson was a
state representative from Minnesota and served as state senator from 1963 to
1971. In 1971, Mr. Anderson was elected as Governor of the State of Minnesota.
At that time, he was the nation's youngest governor. In 1977, Mr. Anderson
became a United States Senator from the State of Minnesota. He held office for a
period of two years. During his term, he served on various committees including
the environment and public works committee, the budget committee, the natural
resources committee and armed services committee. Mr. Anderson serves as a
director of FingerHut Companies Inc., a database marketing company listed on the
New York Stock Exchange which sells a broad range of products through catalogs,
direct marketing and the Internet, National City Bancorp, a Nasdaq listed
company and ECOS Group, Inc., a company listed on the OTC Bulletin Board and
involved in waste management services.
SADAYAPPA DURAIRAJ is a director of the Company. Mr. Durairaj is a
cardiologist and businessman based in California. He obtained his Medical degree
from Madural Medical College in India in 1966 and has been certified by both the
American Board of Internal Medicine and the Canadian Board of Internal Medicine
and Cardiology. Since 1994, he has served as the President and Chief Executive
Officer of the Pacifica Hospital and Sierra Medical Clinic. Dr. Durairaj also
serves as associate Clinical Professor of Medicine at USC Los Angeles. Dr.
Durairaj was Chairman and founder of Pacific Baja Holdings which was acquired by
the Company effective July 2, 1996. Dr. Durairaj is also Chairman of Brentwood
Bank (California) and VSK Ferro Alloys (India).
DANIEL GERONAZZO is a director of the Company. Mr. Geronazzo was an
attorney in private practice located in the Province of British Columbia for the
past 35 years.
ROBERT F. TAYLOR is a director of the Company. Mr. Taylor served as
Chief Operating Officer of the Company from January 1, 1997 to June 30, 1997.
Mr. Taylor is a chartered accountant and is a member of the Institute of
Chartered Accountants of Alberta, Canada. Mr. Taylor was appointed a director
and president of Shell Canada Products ("Shell") in 1993 and has served in
various capacities with Shell since 1967 in Calgary, Toronto and London,
England. Mr. Taylor retired from Shell in 1996. Mr. Taylor is a director and
member of the Audit Committees of Pembina Pipeline
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Income Fund and WestCastle Energy Trust, each of which company trades on the
Toronto Stock Exchange.
WALTER F. WARE was appointed Chief Executive Officer and President of
the Company effective March 11, 1998. Prior thereto, since October 1997, Mr.
Ware served as the Company's Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Ware has served as a
director of the Company since December 1, 1997. From October 1995 to September
1997, Mr. Ware served as Senior Vice President and Corporate Officer of Detroit
Diesel Corporation and as a director of several of its subsidiary corporations.
Prior thereto, Mr. Ware served in several senior management positions with the
Garrett Automotive Group division of Allied Signal Corporation including Group
Vice President, North American Automotive Operations, Managing Director Garrett
Automotive - Europe and Chief Technical Officer.
KHAL KADER was appointed Controller of the Company in July 1998 and
became Chief Financial Officer of the Company later that month. Prior to joining
the Company, since 1994, Mr. Kader practiced as a certified public accountant
with KPMG Peat Marwick LLP in Los Angeles, California. Mr. Kader is a member of
the Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
DUANE ROSENHEIM was appointed Chief Operating Officer of the Company
in June 1998. Prior thereto, and for the past six years, Mr. Rosenheim was an
independent consultant working primarily with the Company to develop its
prototype product which has been incorporated into the TurbopacTM and
DynachargerTM products. Prior thereto, Mr. Rosenheim served in several positions
at the Delco Electronics Division of General Motors Corporation including
Quality Engineering Manager and Manager of the Quality, Manufacturing and
Operations Administration Departments.
Certain other information regarding directors and executive officers
of the Company will appear in the Proxy Statement for the 1999 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders and is incorporated herein by this reference. The Proxy Statement
will be filed with the SEC within 120 days following December 31, 1998.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
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SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
The following table sets forth, as to the Chief Executive Officer and
as to each of the other four most highly compensated officers whose compensation
exceeded $100,000 during the last fiscal year (the "Named Executive Officers"),
information concerning all compensation paid for services to the Company in all
capacities for each of the three years ended December 31 indicated below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
LONG TERM
COMPENSATION
NUMBER OF
FISCAL YEAR SECURITIES
ENDED ANNUAL COMPENSATION UNDERLYING ALL OTHER
NAME AND POSITION (1) DECEMBER 31 SALARY BONUS OPTIONS COMPENSATION
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Edward M. Halimi(2) 1998 $180,000 $ -- 200,000 $ --
Chairman of the Board 1997 180,000 162,000 200,000 --
1996 60,000 -- -- --
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Leon E. Nowek(3) 1998 $162,000 $ -- 200,000 $ --
Vice Chairman of the Board, 1997 162,000 145,800 200,000 --
Secretary 1996 30,000 Cdn -- -- --
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Walter F. Ware 1998 $180,000 $ -- 200,000 $ --
Chief Executive Officer 1997 $ 60,000 -- 150,000 --
and President(4) --
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
(1) For a description of the employment contract between certain officers
and the Company, see "Employment Contracts," below.
(2) Mr. Halimi served as Chief Executive Officer of the Company from
October 1993 to March 1998. Currently Mr. Halimi serves as Chairman of the
Board
(3) Mr. Nowek served as Chief Financial Officer of the Company from June
1995 to February 1998. Currently, Mr. Nowek serves as Vice-Chairman of
the Board and Secretary of the Company.
(4) Mr. Ware served as Chief Operating Officer of the Company from October
1997 to March 1998. Currently Mr. Ware serves as Chief Executive Officer
and President.
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<PAGE>
OPTION GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the grant
of stock options made during the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998 to the
Named Executive Officers.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Potential Realizable
Number of Percent Of Value At assumed Rate
Securities Total Options of Stock Price
Underlying Granted To Exercise Or Appreciation for
Options Employees In Base Expiration Option Term(4)
Name of Officer Granted (1) Fiscal Year(2) Price(3) Date
5% 10%
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Edward M. Halimi 200,000 3.15% $2.35 March 11, 2003 $1,182,000 $1,491,000
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Leon E. Nowek 200,000 3.15% $2.35 March 11, 2003 1,182,000 1,491,000
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Walter F. Ware 200,000 3.15% $2.35 March 11, 2003 1,182,000 1,491,000
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
(1) These options are immediately exercisable upon grant.
(2) Options covering an aggregate of 6,346,610 shares were granted to eligible
persons during the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998.
(3) The exercise price and tax withholding obligations related to exercise may
be paid by delivery of already owned shares, subject to certain conditions.
(4) The potential realizable value is based on the assumption that the Common
Stock appreciates at the annual rate shown (compounded annually) from the
date of grant until the expiration of the option term. These amounts are
calculated pursuant to applicable requirements of the Commission and do not
represent a forecast of the future appreciation of the Company's Common
Stock.
STOCK OPTIONS HELD AT FISCAL YEAR END
The following table sets forth, for each of the Named Executive
Officers, certain information regarding the exercise of stock options during the
fiscal year ended December 31, 1998, the number of shares of Common Stock
underlying stock options held at fiscal year end and the value of options held
at fiscal year end based upon the last reported sales price of the Common Stock
on the Nasdaq Small Cap Market on December 31, 1998 ($4.63).
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shares Number of Securities Value of Unexercised
Acquired Underlying Unexercised Options in-the-Money Options at
on Value at December 31, 1998 December 31, 1998
Name of Officer Exercise Realized Exercisable Unexercisable Exercisable Unexercisable
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Edward M. Halimi 200,000 $1,809,400 200,000 -- $455,000 --
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Leon E. Nowek 200,000 1,482,418 200,000 -- 455,000 --
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Walter F. Ware -- -- 350,000 -- 623,750 --
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS
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<PAGE>
Edward Mr. Halimi and Leon E. Nowek each is a party to an employment
agreement dated August 1, 1997, as amended on January 27, 1998, (respectively,
the "Halimi Agreement" and the "Nowek Agreement" and together the "Employment
Agreements") between each officer, the Company and Turbodyne Systems. Mr. Halimi
initially was employed as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company
and Turbodyne Systems. Effective March 11, 1998, Mr. Halimi, the Company and
Turbodyne Systems agreed, pursuant to the terms of the Halimi Agreement, to
change Mr. Halimi's position to Chairman of the Board and to modify his duties
and responsibilities accordingly. Mr. Nowek initially was employed as Chief
Financial Officer of the Company and Turbodyne Systems. Effective February 1998,
Mr. Nowek, the Company and Turbodyne Systems agreed, pursuant to the terms of
the Nowek Agreement, to change Mr. Nowek's position to Vice Chairman of the
Company and Turbodyne Systems. Pursuant to the terms of the Employment
Agreements, Mr. Halimi and Mr. Nowek are paid an annual salary of $180,000 and
$162,500, respectively, and are entitled to annual cash bonuses of up to 150% of
their respective base salaries based on the consolidated net operating income
(before taxes) of the Company, Turbodyne Systems or Pacific Baja, whichever is
greater. Each Employment Agreement also provides that in each year of the term
of the Employment Agreement, the Company shall grant to the officer options to
purchase 200,000 shares of Common Stock in accordance with the Company's stock
option plan then in effect. Each officer and the members of their respective
families are entitled to participate in any life and disability insurance,
pension dental, medical, pharmaceutical, hospitalization, health insurance and
any other employee benefit programs as may be provided from time to time by the
Company. Each Employment Agreement is for a ten year term and will renew for
successive one year periods unless one party to the Employment Agreement
provides written notice of its election not to renew at least 30 days prior to
the expiration of the initial term or any successive one year terms. Each
officer may terminate his Employment Agreement at any time upon three months
prior written notice of his intention to so terminate. In the event that either
officer is terminated by the Company without "cause," as defined in the
Employment Agreement, he is entitled to receive the compensation that otherwise
would have been payable to him from the date of termination to the expiration
date of the then current term.
The Board of Directors has resolved to enter into a five year
employment agreement with Mr. Ware, pursuant to which Mr. Ware will be entitled
to receive an annual base salary equal to $180,000 plus an annual cash bonus
based on the net operating profit of the Company and its subsidiaries. The
maximum bonus will be 150% of base salary. Mr. Ware will be entitled to
participate in share option plans, share purchase plans, bonus plans and other
financial assistance plans at the discretion of the Board of Directors of the
Company.
Certain other information regarding executive compensation will appear
in the Proxy Statement for the 1999 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is
incorporated herein by this reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth as of March 1, 1999 certain information
relating to the ownership of the Common Stock by (i) each person known by the
Company to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent of the outstanding
shares of the Common Stock, (ii) each of the Company's directors, (iii) each of
the Named Executive Officers, and (iv) all of the Company's executive officers
and directors as a group. Except as may be indicated in the footnotes to the
table and subject to applicable community property laws, each such person has
the sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares owned. The
address of each person listed is in care of the Company, 21700 Oxnard Street,
Suite 1550, Woodland Hills, California 91367, unless otherwise set froth below
such person's name.
Page 45
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Shares of
Common Stock
Beneficially
Name and Address Owned (1) Percent(1)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Edward Mr. Halimi(2)............................. 3,450,000 8.3 %
Leon E. Nowek(3)................................. 1,100,000 2.6
Wendell R. Anderson(4)........................... 200,000 *
Sadayappa Durairaj(5)............................ 874,000 2.1
Daniel Geronazzo(6).............................. 115,000 *
Robert Taylor(7)................................. 32,000 *
Walter F. Ware(8)................................ 351,690 *
Directors and executive officers as a
group(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).................... 5,967,356 14.0
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<FN>
* less than 1%.
</FN>
</TABLE>
(1) Under Rule 13d-3, certain shares may be deemed to be beneficially owned by
more than one person (if, for example, persons shares the power to vote or
the power to dispose of the shares). In addition, shares are deemed to be
beneficially owned by a person if the person has the right to acquire the
shares (for example, upon exercise of an option) within 60 days of the date
as of which the information is provided. In computing the percentage
ownership of any person, the amount of shares outstanding is deemed to
include the amount of shares beneficially owned by such person (and only
such person) by reason of these acquisition rights. As a result, the
percentage of outstanding share of any person as shown in this table does
not necessarily reflect the person's actual ownership or voting power with
respect to the number of shares of Common Stock actually outstanding at
March 1, 1999.
(2) Consists of (a) 3,250,000 escrow shares held in the name of March
Technologies Inc., a private company controlled by Mr. Halimi and (b)
200,000 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance upon exercise of stock
options which are or will become exercisable on or before April 29, 1999.
(3) Consists of (a) 900,000 escrow shares held in the name of L.N. Family
Holdings, Inc., a company controlled by Mr. Nowek and (b) 200,000 shares of
Common Stock reserved for issuance upon exercise of stock options which are
or will become exercisable on or before April 29, 1999.
(4) Consists of 200,000 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance upon
exercise of stock options which are or will become exercisable on or before
April 29, 1999.
(5) Includes 200,000 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance upon exercise
of stock options which are or will become exercisable on or before April
29, 1999
(6) Includes 100,000 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance upon exercise
of stock options which are or will become exercisable on or before April
29, 1999.
(7) Consists of 30,000 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance upon
exercise of stock options which are or will become exercisable on or before
April 29, 1999.
(8) Includes 350,000 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance upon exercise
of stock options
Page 46
<PAGE>
which are or will become exercisable on or before April 29, 1999.
(9) Includes 46,666 shares of Common Stockreserved for issuance upon exercise
of stock options held by certain executive officers of the Company which
are or will become exercisable on or before April 29, 1999
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Turbodyne Systems subleases its Carpinteria facility from American
Appliance, Inc., a private company controlled by Mr. Halimi, Chairman of the
Board of Directors of the Company. The lease is on a month to month basis and
the monthly rent is equal to $28,224.
In fiscal 1998, the Company expended funds aggregating $1,464,000 to a
company controlled by Mr. Halimi, for research and development activities
related to the Company's product development which is included in research and
development costs at December 31, 1998.
In March 1998, the Company completed a $1.0 million secured bridge
loan with Quest Ventures Ltd. (the "Quest Loan"). In connection with the
financing, the Company issued 37,500 shares of Common Stock, valued at $2.50 per
share, to Leon Nowek, the Vice Chairman and a director of the Company, in
exchange for his agreement to personally guarantee the Quest Loan.
Pacific Baja leases one of its facilities in Ensenada from Baja
Pacific Properties, a company in which Dr. Sadayappa Durairaj, a director of the
Company, owns approximately 19% of the outstanding shares. The lease is for a
ten year term, expiring in September 2005 and the monthly rent is equal to
$15,000.
Pursuant to the terms of the Employment Agreement between the Company
and Leon Nowek, the Company loaned $225,000 to Mr. Nowek in connection with the
purchase of his home. The loan bears no interest and is repayable on the earlier
to occur of the sale of Mr. Nowek's home or the termination of Mr. Nowek's
employment Agreement. At March 31, 1999, there was $225,000 outstanding under
this loan.
Pursuant to the terms of the Employment Agreement between the Company
and Leon Nowek, the Company paid approximately $40,000 to Mr. Nowek as
reimbursement of relocation expenses incurred by him in connection with this
move to Los Angeles, California.
The Company agreed to loan up to $250,000 to Walter Ware, the
President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, in connection with the
purchase of his home. The loan bears no interest and is repayable on the earlier
to occur of the sale of Mr. Ware's home and the termination of Mr. Ware's
employment with the Company. At March 31, 1999, there was $237,500 advanced
under this loan.
The Company has agreed to reimburse Mr. Ware for relocation expenses
incurred by him in connection with his move to Santa Barbara, California.
The Company has advanced an aggregate of $164,000 to Edward M. Halimi
and $136,000 to Leon Nowek. These advances are against salaries and bonuses,
bear no interest and are payable on demand by the Company.
See "Item 11. Executive Compensation - Employment Contracts" for a
description of employment agreements between the Company and certain of its
officers.
Page 47
<PAGE>
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
The Consolidated Financial Statements are filed as part of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K as listed on page F1 of this document.
REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
Current Report on Form 8-K, Item 5, filed October 1, 1998. Current
Report on Form 8-K, Item 5, filed October 28, 1998.
EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are included as part of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K and incorporated herein by this reference:
EXHIBIT EXHIBIT DESCRIPTION PAGE
NUMBER
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant. Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Form 10-Q for the fiscal
quarter ended June 30, 1998.
3.2 Bylaws of the Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2
to Registrant's Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30,
1998.
4.1 Form of Convertible Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement.
Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's
Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-7932).
4.2 Form of Registration Rights Agreement. Incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Registration Statement
on Form F-1 (File No. 333-7932).
4.3 Form of Redemption Warrant. Incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form F-1
(File No. 333-7932).
10.1 Intentionally Omitted.
10.2 Sub-Lease between American Appliance, Inc. and Carole D. King
dated December 1, 1994 for Carpinteria Property. Incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 3(iii) to the Company's
Registration Statement on Form 20-F filed on September 18, 1996.
10.3 Distribution Agreement between Turbodyne Systems and Granatelli
Performance, Inc. Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
3(iv) to the Company's Registration Statement on Form 20-F filed
on September 18, 1996.
10.4 Acquisition Agreement between the Company, Pacific Baja Light
Metals Holding Inc., and Lennart Renberg, Michael Joyce, Sadayappa
Durairaj Family Trust, Naresh Saxens and Mugerdish Balabanian
dated March 15, 1996. Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
3(v) to the Company's Registration Statement on Form 20-F filed on
September 18, 1996.
10.5 Amendment Agreement between the Company, Pacific Baja Light Metals
Holding Inc., and Lennart Renberg, Michael Joyce, Sadayappa
Durairaj Family Trust, Naresh Saxens and Mugerdish Balabanian
dated June 14, 1996. Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
3(vi) to the Company's Registration Statement on Form 20-F filed
on September 18, 1996.
10.6 Employment Agreement between Pacific Baja Light Metals, the
Company and Michael Joyce dated September 5, 1996. Incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 3(ix) to the Company's Annual
Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996,
as amended.
10.7 Consulting Agreement between Pacific Baja Light Metals, the
Company and Lykar Specialties, Inc. dated September 5, 1996.
Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(x) to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31,
1996, as amended.
10.8 Agreement in Principle between Turbodyne Systems, Inc. and Kuhnle,
Kopp & Kausch AG dated April 11, 1997. Incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 3(xi) to the Company's Annual Report on Form
20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996, as amended.
10.9 Supply Agreement between Baja Oriente and AlliedSignal dated
September 1, 1994. Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
3(xii) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal
year ended December 31, 1996, as amended.
10.10 Employment Agreement dated August 1, 1997 between the Company and
Edward Halimi, as amended. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
3(xiii) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal
year ended December 31, 1997.
10.11 Employment Agreement dated August 1, 1997 between the Company and
Leon Nowek, as amended. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
3(xix) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal
year ended December 31, 1997.
23.1 Consent of KPMG Peat Marwick.
24.1 Power of Attorney (included on signature page).
27.1 Financial Data Schedule
Page 48
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
/S/ KHAL KADER
---------------------------------
By: Khal Kader
Title: Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial
Officer and Principal
Accounting Officer
Date: April 14, 1999
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature
appears below constitutes and appoints Leon E. Nowek and Khal A. Kader, or any
one of them, his attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution,
for him in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report,
and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection
therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and
confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact, or their substitutes, may do or
cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of
the registrant in the capacities and on the date indicates.
SIGNATURE DATE TITLE
/S/ EDWARD M. HALIMI
- ----------------------------- April 14, 1999 Chairman of the Board
Edward M. Halimi
/S/ LEON E. NOWEK
- ----------------------------- April 14, 1999 Vice Chairman, Secretary
Leon E. Nowek and Director
/S/ KHAL A. KADER
- ----------------------------- April 14, 1999 Chief Financial Officer
Khal A. Kader (Principal Financial
Officer and Principal
Accounting Officer)
/S/ WALTER F. WARE
- ----------------------------- April 14, 1999 Chief Executive Officer,
Walter F. Ware President and Director
/S/ DANIEL GERONAZZO
- ----------------------------- April 15, 1999 Director
Daniel Geronazzo
/S/ WENDELL R. ANDERSON
- ----------------------------- April 14, 1999 Director
Wendell R. Anderson
- ----------------------------- April __, 1999 Director
Robert Taylor
/S/ SADAYAPPA DURAIRAJ
- ----------------------------- April 14, 1999 Director
Sadayappa Durairaj
Page 49
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIEARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PAGE
-----
Independent Auditors' Report F-1
Consolidated Balance Sheetes - December 31, 1998 and 1997 F-2
Consolidated Statements of Operations -
Years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 F-3
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity -
Years Ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 F-4
COnsolidated Statements of Cash Flows -
Years Ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 F-5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-7
<PAGE>
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Turbodyne Technologies Inc. and subsidiaries:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Turbodyne
Technologies Inc. and subsidiaries as listed in the accompanying index. These
consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated
financial statements based on our audits. The consolidated financial statements
of Turbodyne Technologies Inc. and subsidiaries as of and for the year ended
December 31, 1996, prior to any restatement, were audited by other auditors
whose report dated February 14, 1997 expressed an unqualified opinion on those
statements.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Turbodyne
Technologies Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1998 and 1997 and the
results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
We also audited the adjustments that were applied to restate the 1996
consolidated financial statements to U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles and the change in reporting currency. In our opinion, such
adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming
that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully discussed in
Notes 12 and 13 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has
suffered net losses in each of the last three years resulting in an accumulated
deficit of $54,269,000 at December 31, 1998, has used cash in its operating
activities in each of the last three years, has violated covenants of its debt
facilities, has received an adverse award and a judgment in the aggregate amount
of approximately $7.1 million related to an arbitration matter and a building
lease, respectively, is subject to several class action lawsuits brought against
it by certain of its stockholders, and based on the Company's projected cash
flows for the ensuing year it will be required to seek additional equity or debt
financing in order to continue its present operations, irrespective of amounts
to be paid, if any, in connection with the aforementioned adverse award and
judgment and class action lawsuits. These matters raise substantial doubt about
the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in
regard to these matters are also discussed in Note 13 to the consolidated
financial statements. The consolidated financial statements do not include any
adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
/S/ KPMG LLP
Los Angeles, California
March 15, 1999, except for note 12 which is as of April 1, 1999.
F-1
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 1998 and 1997
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ASSETS 1998 1997
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets:
Cash ................................................................... $ 1,257,000 949,000
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts
of $170,000 and $78,000 in 1998 and 1997, respectively .............. 10,623,000 9,264,000
Employee advances receivable (note 10) ................................. 415,000 353,000
Inventories (note 2) ................................................... 6,507,000 5,469,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets .............................. 1,401,000 1,031,000
------------ ------------
Total current assets ....................................................... 20,203,000 17,066,000
Property and equipment, at cost, net (note 3) .............................. 20,616,000 18,122,000
Goodwill, net .............................................................. 12,992,000 13,740,000
Other assets (note 10) ..................................................... 1,235,000 798,000
------------ ------------
$ 55,046,000 49,726,000
============ ============
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt (note 4) .......................... $ 497,000 607,000
Current maturities of obligations under capital leases (note 7) ........ 778,000 1,035,000
Accounts payable ....................................................... 8,916,000 5,283,000
Accrued liabilities .................................................... 5,127,000 1,850,000
Income taxes payable (note 5) .......................................... 700,000 86,000
------------ ------------
Total current liabilities ..................................... 16,018,000 8,861,000
------------ ------------
Long-term debt, less current maturities (note 4) ........................... 9,941,000 8,155,000
Obligations under capital leases, less current maturities (note 7) ......... 3,138,000 1,867,000
Stockholders' equity (notes 8 and 9):
Preferred stock, $0.001par value. Authorized 1,000,000 shares; issued
10,000 Series A Convertible Preffered and 10,000 Series B Convertible
Preferred shares, and outstanding none in 1998 and 10,000 Series A
Convertible Preferred shares in 1997 ................................. -- 9,604,000
Common stock, $0.001par value. Authorized 60,000,000 shares;
issued and outstanding 41,313,816 shares in 1998 and
29,961,612 shares in 1997 ............................................ 42,000 31,000
Treasury stock at cost, 330,080 shares at December 31, 1998 ............ (1,500,000) --
Additional paid in capital ............................................. 81,770,000 45,259,000
Other comprehensive income (loss) ...................................... (94,000) 22,000
Accumulated deficit .................................................... (54,269,000) (24,073,000)
------------ ------------
Total stockholders' equity .................................... 25,949,000 30,843,000
Commitments and contingencies (note 7)
Subsequent events (note 12)
Liquidity (note 13)
------------ ------------
$ 55,046,000 49,726,000
============ ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-2
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales .................................................. $ 40,858,000 39,165,000 13,944,000
Cost of goods sold ......................................... 35,825,000 32,326,000 12,101,000
------------ ------------ ------------
Gross profit ................................. 5,033,000 6,839,000 1,843,000
Selling, general and administrative
expenses (note 10) ..................................... 15,026,000 9,136,000 2,822,000
Research and development costs (note 10) ................... 7,915,000 6,609,000 3,622,000
Non-employees compensation expense (note 9) ................ 3,308,000 542,000 --
Depreciation and amortization .............................. 3,631,000 2,695,000 1,337,000
Relocation costs (note 6) .................................. 2,323,000 -- --
------------ ------------ ------------
Total operating expense ................................ 32,203,000 18,982,000 7,781,000
------------ ------------ ------------
Loss from operations ......................... (27,170,000) (12,143,000) (5,938,000)
Other expense (income):
Interest expense, net .................................. 800,000 770,000 360,000
Litigation expense (note 7) ............................ 1,400,000 -- --
Other, net ............................................. (37,000) 66,000 (315,000)
------------ ------------ ------------
Loss before income taxes ..................... (29,333,000) (12,979,000) (5,983,000)
INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT) (NOTE 5) ...................... 700,000 206,000 (420,000)
------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss ..................................... $(30,033,000) (13,185,000) (5,563,000)
============ ============ ============
Net loss per common share:
Basic loss per share ................................... $ (.88) (.58) (.33)
Diluted loss per share ................................. (.88) (.58) (.33)
============ ============ ============
Weighted average shares used for basic and
diluted loss per share ................................. 34,232,000 22,685,000 16,641,000
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
Years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COMMON STOCK PREFERRED STOCK ADDITIONAL
--------------------------- -------------------------- PAID-IN
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL
------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1995 ...................... 16,542,121 $ 17,000 -- $ -- 5,544,000
Private placement of common stock, net of
expenses ...................................... 469,497 -- -- -- 1,644,000
Private placement of special warrants, net of
expenses ...................................... -- -- -- -- --
Exercise of warrants .............................. 2,840,557 3,000 -- -- 2,525,000
Exercise of stock options ......................... 651,000 1,000 -- -- 1,604,000
Issuance of common stock on acquisition of
subsidiary .................................... 3,076,923 3,000 -- -- 11,258,000
Translation adjustment ............................ -- -- -- -- --
Net loss .......................................... -- -- -- -- --
------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ ----------
Balance at December 31, 1996 ...................... 23,580,098 24,000 -- -- 22,575,000
Private placement of preferred stock, net of
expenses ...................................... -- -- 10,000 9,604,000 --
Conversion of Series A and Series C special
warrants, net of expenses ..................... 4,625,000 5,000 -- -- 15,654,000
Exercise of warrants .............................. 1,002,014 1,000 -- -- 4,088,000
Exercise of stock options ......................... 754,500 1,000 -- -- 2,400,000
Translation adjustment ............................ -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of stock options to nonemployees
for services .................................. -- -- -- -- 542,000
Net loss .......................................... -- -- -- -- --
Preferred stock dividends declared ................ -- -- -- -- --
------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ ----------
Balance at December 31, 1997 ...................... 29,961,612 31,000 10,000 9,604,000 45,259,000
Conversion of series one class A preference ....... 4,577,899 5,000 (10,000) (9,604,000) 9,587,000
stock, net of expenses
Conversion of subordinated convertible ............ 1,099,290 1,000 -- -- 2,852,000
debentures, net of expenses
Issuance of common stock for finders fees ......... 150,000 -- -- -- 375,000
Exercise of warrants .............................. 705,499 -- -- -- 3,169,000
Exercise of stock options ......................... 4,654,892 5,000 -- -- 16,864,000
Treasury stock repurchase ......................... -- -- -- -- --
Translation adjustment ............................ -- -- -- -- --
Preferred stock dividends declared ................ -- -- -- -- --
Preferred stock dividends paid .................... 164,624 -- -- -- 356,000
Issuance of stock options to nonemployees
for services .................................. -- -- -- -- 3,308,000
Net loss .......................................... -- -- -- -- --
------------ ------------ ----------- ------------ ----------
Balance at December 31, 1998 ...................... 41,313,816 $ 42,000 -- $ -- 81,770,000
============ ============ =========== ============ ==========
<CAPTION>
OTHER TREASURY STOCK NET
SPECIAL COMPREHENSIVE ACCUMULATED --------------------- STOCKHOLDERS'
WARRANTS INCOME (LOSS) DEFICIT SHARES AMOUNT EQUITY
----------- ----------- ----------- ------ ---------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1995 ...................... -- 157,000 (5,125,000) $ 593,000
Private placement of common stock, net of
expenses ...................................... -- -- -- -- -- 1,644,000
Private placement of special warrants, net of
expenses ...................................... 16,007,000 -- -- -- -- 16,007,000
Exercise of warrants .............................. -- -- -- -- -- 2,528,000
Exercise of stock options ......................... -- -- -- -- -- 1,605,000
Issuance of common stock on acquisition of
subsidiary .................................... -- -- -- -- -- 11,261,000
Translation adjustment ............................ -- (361,000) -- -- -- (361,000)
Net loss .......................................... -- -- (5,563,000) -- -- (5,563,000)
----------- ------- ----------- ------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1996 ...................... 16,007,000 (204,000) (10,688,000) -- -- 27,714,000
Private placement of preferred stock, net of
expenses ...................................... -- -- -- -- -- 9,604,000
Conversion of Series A and Series C special
warrants, net of expenses ..................... (16,007,000) -- -- -- -- (348,000)
Exercise of warrants .............................. -- -- -- -- -- 4,089,000
Exercise of stock options ......................... -- -- -- -- -- 2,401,000
Translation adjustment ............................ -- 226,000 -- -- -- 226,000
Issuance of stock options to nonemployees
for services .................................. -- -- -- -- -- 542,000
Net loss .......................................... -- -- (13,185,000) -- -- (13,185,000)
Preferred stock dividends declared ................ -- -- (200,000) -- -- (200,000)
----------- ------- ----------- ------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1997 ...................... -- 22,000 (24,073,000) -- -- 30,843,000
Conversion of series one class A preference
stock, net of expenses ........................ -- -- -- -- -- (12,000)
Conversion of subordinated convertible
debentures, net of expenses ................... -- -- -- -- -- 2,853,000
Issuance of common stock for finders fees ......... -- -- -- -- -- 375,000
Exercise of warrants .............................. -- -- -- -- -- 3,169,000
Exercise of stock options ......................... -- -- -- -- -- 16,869,000
Treasury stock repurchase ......................... -- -- -- 330,080 (1,500,000) (1,500,000)
Translation adjustment ............................ -- (116,000) -- -- -- (116,000)
Preferred stock dividends declared ................ -- -- (163,000) -- -- (163,000)
Preferred stock dividends paid .................... -- -- -- -- -- 356,000
Issuance of stock options to nonemployees
for services .................................. -- -- -- -- -- 3,308,000
Net loss .......................................... -- -- (30,033,000) -- -- (30,033,000)
----------- ------- ----------- ------- ---------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1998 ...................... -- (94,000) (54,269,000) 330,080 (1,500,000) 25,949,000
=========== ======= =========== ======= ========== ==========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997 1996
------------ ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss ........................................ $(30,033,000) (13,185,000) (5,563,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property
and equipment ............................. 3,631,000 2,695,000 1,337,000
Preferred stock compensation ................ 375,000 -- --
(Gain)/Loss on sale of equipment ............ (1,000) 76,000 --
Stock option compensation ................... 3,308,000 542,000 --
(Increase) decrease in operating assets:
Trade accounts receivable ................. (1,359,000) (3,255,000) 806,000
Employee advances receivable .............. (62,000) (486,000) (82,000)
Inventories ............................... (1,038,000) (2,016,000) (868,000)
Prepaid expenses and other current
assets .................................. 422,000 (340,000) 541,000
Other assets .............................. (1,229,000) (338,000) (135,000)
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
Trade accounts payable .................... 3,633,000 2,408,000 (1,947,000)
Accrued expenses .......................... 3,334,000 20,000 605,000
Income taxes payable ...................... 614,000 86,000 --
Deferred tax liability .................... 136,000 -- --
------------ ----------- -----------
Net cash used in operating
activities ........................ (18,269,000) (13,793,000) (5,306,000)
------------ ----------- -----------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment .............. (2,733,000) (6,910,000) (2,157,000)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and ....... 8,000 42,000 --
equipment
Acquisition of subsidiary, less cash
acquired of $441,000 .......................... -- -- (11,559,000)
------------ ----------- -----------
Net cash used in investing
activities ........................ (2,725,000) (6,868,000) (13,716,000)
------------ ----------- -----------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from long-term borrowings .......... 1,676,000 3,321,000 956,000
Repayments under capital lease obligations ...... (1,637,000) (826,000) (440,000)
Proceeds from convertible subordinated debentures 3,000,000 -- --
Issuance of special warrants .................... -- -- 16,007,000
Issuance of common stock ........................ -- -- 1,644,000
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and
warrants ...................................... 20,038,000 6,490,000 4,133,000
Repurchase of treasury stock .................... (1,500,000) -- --
Net proceeds from preferred stock issue ......... -- 9,604,000 --
Issuance costs paid ............................. (159,000) (348,000) --
------------ ----------- -----------
Net cash provided by financing
activities ........................ 21,418,000 18,241,000 22,300,000
------------ ----------- -----------
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash ........... (116,000) 226,000 (361,000)
------------ ----------- -----------
Net increase (decrease) in cash ................... 308,000 (2,194,000) 2,917,000
Cash at beginning of year ......................... 949,000 3,143,000 226,000
------------ ----------- -----------
Cash at end of year ............................... $ 1,257,000 949,000 3,143,000
============ =========== ===========
(Continued)
</TABLE>
F-5
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997 1996
------------ ---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest ...................................... $ 988,000 882,000 366,000
Income taxes .................................. -- 120,000 718,000
============ ========== ==========
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and
financing activities:
Issuance of notes for financing of capital
leases ...................................... $ 2,651,000 1,947,000 835,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with
acquisition of subsidiary ................... -- -- 11,261,000
Preferred stock dividends paid ................ 356,000 -- --
Preferred stock dividends declared ............ 163,000 200,000 --
============ ========== ==========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(A) THE COMPANY
Turbodyne Technologies Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company), a
Delaware corporation, manufactures aluminum cast automotive
products, including engine components and specialty wheels, and
develops products to enhance performance and reduce emissions of
internal combustion engines. The Company has not generated
significant revenues from its operations that develop engine
enhancement products. See note 11 regarding operating segments.
(B) PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the
accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries,
Turbodyne Systems, Inc., Turbodyne U.K. Ltd., Turbodyne Germany
Ltd. and Pacific Baja Light Metals Corp. (Pacific Baja). All
material intercompany accounts and transactions have been
eliminated in consolidation.
(C) BASIS OF PRESENTING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Effective July 18, 1997, the Company formally delisted its shares
from trading on the Vancouver Stock Exchange. On March 24, 1997,
the Company's shares became listed on the Nasdaq Small Capital
Market. (See note 12). As a result, effective January 1, 1997, the
Company changed its reporting currency from the Canadian (Cdn$) to
the U.S. dollar (U.S.$). Accordingly, the consolidated financial
statements for 1996 have been restated to the new reporting
currency of U.S.$.
(D) INVENTORIES
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. For the
materials portion of inventories, the cost is determined using the
last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. For the other components of
inventories (labor and overhead), the cost is determined using the
first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.
(E) DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment is
computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful
lives as follows:
Buildings 30 years
Machinery and equipment 7 to 15 years
Furniture and fixtures 5 to 10 years
Transportation equipment 5 years
Leasehold improvements Length of lease, not to
exceed economic life
F-7
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
(F) LONG-LIVED ASSETS
It is the Company's policy to report long-lived assets at
amortized cost. As part of an ongoing review of the valuation and
amortization of long-lived assets, management assesses the
carrying value of such assets if facts and circumstances suggest
that they may be impaired. The Company assesses the recoverability
of long-lived assets in accordance with Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 121. As a result, the Company has
determined that its long-lived assets are not impaired as of
December 31, 1998 and 1997.
(G) GOODWILL
Goodwill is associated with the purchase of Pacific Baja on July
2, 1996 by the Company and is being amortized on a straight-line
basis over 20 years. The Company assesses the recoverability of
goodwill by determining whether the amortization of the balance
over the remaining life can be recovered through undiscounted
future operating cash flows of the Company's operations. In the
opinion of management, the goodwill related to Pacific Baja has
not been impaired at December 31, 1998. Accumulated amortization
was $1,930,000 and $1,182,000 at December 31, 1998 and 1997,
respectively.
(H) RECOGNITION OF REVENUE AND SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS
The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment of product. The
Company had sales to three significant customers constituting
approximately 49%, 15% and 16%, respectively, of net sales in
1998. Additionally, these customers comprised 42%, 17% and 20%,
respectively, of accounts receivable at December 31, 1998.
The Company had sales to two significant customers constituting
approximately 39% and 30%, respectively, of net sales in 1997.
These customers comprised 31% and 43%, respectively, of accounts
receivable at December 31, 1997.
The loss of any one of these customers could have a material
adverse effect on the Company.
(I) INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and
liability method of accounting for income taxes which recognizes
deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax
consequences attributable to differences between the financial
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and
their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities
are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the years in
which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or
settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a
change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that
includes the enactment date.
F-8
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
(J) EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The Company accounts for earnings per share under the provisions
of SFAS No. 128, "Earnings per Share." SFAS 128 specifies the
computation, presentation and disclosure requirements for earnings
(loss) per share (EPS).
For the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, options and
warrants to purchase 6,836,642, 5,103,500 and 2,640,230 common
stock, respectively, at prices ranging from $.37 to $6.50 were
outstanding during the years but were not included in the
computation of diluted EPS because the options would have an
antidilutive effect on net loss per share. Other than deducting
preferred stock dividends of $163,000 in 1998 to arrive at loss
attributable to common stockholders, no other adjustments were
made for purposes of per share calculations.
(K) FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The fair values of the Company's cash, trade accounts receivable,
employee advances receivable, accounts payable and accrued
expenses approximate the carrying values because of the short
maturities of these instruments.
The fair values of the Company's capital lease obligations and
long-term debt approximate their carrying values as each
instrument bears interest at market rates.
(L) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company has adopted Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" (FAS
123), effective January 1, 1996, and has elected to continue to
measure compensation cost under APBO No. 25 and comply with the
pro forma disclosure requirements of FAS 123. The adoption of FAS
123 has had no impact on the Company's financial position or
results of operations.
(M) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Research and development costs related to present and future
products are charged to operations in the year incurred. Research
and development costs aggregated $7,915,000, $6,609,000, and
$3,622,000 for the years ended 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
(N) USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting
period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
(O) RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior years'
financial statements to conform with the 1998 presentation.
F-9
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
(P) COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The Company adopted SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive
Income," on January 1, 1998. SFAS No. 130 establishes standards to
measure all changes in equity that result from transactions and
other economic events other than transactions with owners.
Comprehensive income is the total of net earnings (loss) and all
other nonowner changes in equity. Except for net earnings (loss)
and foreign currency translation adjustments, the Company does not
have any transactions and other economic events that qualify as
comprehensive income as defined under SFAS No. 130. As foreign
currency translation adjustments were immaterial to the Company's
consolidated financial statements, net earnings (loss)
approximated comprehensive income for each of the years in the
three-year period ended December 31, 1998.
(Q) BUSINESS SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company adopted SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures About Segments of
an Enterprise and Related Information," effective in 1998. SFAS
No. 131 establishes new standards for reporting information about
business segments and related disclosures about products and
services, geographic areas and major customers, if applicable.
Significant reportable business segments of the Company are
aftermarket automotive wheels, automotive engine components and
Turbodyne products. Information related to these segments is
summarized in note 11.
(2) INVENTORIES
Inventories are comprised of the following at December 31, 1998 and 1997:
1998 1997
---------- ---------
Raw materials . ..... $3,220,000 2,123,000
Work in process ..... 1,158,000 686,000
Finished goods ...... 2,129,000 2,660,000
---------- ---------
$6,507,000 5,469,000
========== =========
The use of the LIFO method in determining the cost of the materials
portion of inventories had the effect of decreasing reported inventories
at December 31, 1998 and 1997 by $165,000 and $136,000, respectively.
(3) PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment, at cost, is summarized as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997
---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Construction in progress .......................... $ 1,365,000 583,000
Land and buildings ................................ 3,545,000 3,735,000
Machinery and equipment ........................... 13,429,000 12,226,000
Transportation equipment .......................... 622,000 593,000
Furniture and fixtures ............................ 649,000 416,000
Leasehold improvements ............................ 5,199,000 3,627,000
Equipment under capital leases .................... 5,423,000 3,675,000
---------- ----------
30,232,000 24,855,000
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization.. 9,616,000 6,733,000
----------- ----------
Net property, plant and equipment .............. $20,616,000 18,122,000
=========== ==========
</TABLE>
F-10
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
Accumulated depreciation on assets under capital leases amounted to
$1,029,000 and $457,000 at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively.
(4) LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt at December 31, 1998 and 1997 consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997
----------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Revolving bank line of credit (A) ................. $ 9,703,000 8,144,000
Revolving bank line of credit (B) ................. 320,000 --
Notes payable to bank, principal of $15,625
plus interest payable monthly
at prime (7.75% at December 31, 1998)
plus .25% through October 1,
1998, with the remaining principal
due November 1, 1998 ............................ -- 547,000
Notes payable to bank, with monthly
installments of $12,534 plus interest
payable monthly at prime plus .25%,
maturing at June 2001 ........................... 389,000 --
Other ............................................. 26,000 71,000
----------- ---------
Total long-term debt ......................... 10,438,000 8,762,000
Less current maturities ........................... 497,000 607,000
----------- ---------
Long-term debt, excluding
current maturities .......................... $ 9,941,000 8,155,000
=========== =========
</TABLE>
(A)The Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Pacific Baja, has a
revolving line of credit with a bank permitting borrowings up to $10
million, secured by all receivables and inventory of which $9,703,000
remains outstanding as of December 31, 1998. The borrowings bear
interest at the Company's option at LIBOR (5.10% at December 31, 1998)
plus 2% or at prime (7.75% at December 31, 1998). The line of credit
expires June 1, 2000. The line of credit agreement was amended on
January 19, 1999 whereby the revolving line of credit has been
increased to $11,500,000.
(B)The Company also entered into an additional line of credit agreement
for $350,000 of which $320,000 remains outstanding at December 31,
1998. The borrowings bear interest at prime (7.75% at December 31,
1998) plus 2%. The line of credit expires June 30, 1999.
The aggregate maturities of long-term debt for years subsequent to
December 31, 1998 are as follows:
1999 $ 497,000
2000 9,853,000
2001 88,000
-------------
$ 10,438,000
=============
The Company was not in compliance with certain covenants related to its
debt facilities at December 31, 1998, but has received the appropriate
waivers for the year ended December 31, 1998 and through the first
quarter ended March 31, 1999. The Company is in the process of working
with its bank to prospectively amend the financial covenants to be more
in accord with the expected level of operations for each subsequent
quarter through December 31, 1999. However, there can be no assurance
that such revised covenants will be met. (See note 13)
F-11
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
(5) INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense is comprised of the following for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996:
1998 1997 1996
-------- -------- --------
Current:
Federal .......... $612,500 160,000 63,000
State ............ 87,500 46,000 8,000
-------- -------- --------
700,000 206,000 71,000
-------- -------- --------
Deferred:
Federal .......... -- -- (483,000)
State ............ -- -- (8,000)
-------- -------- --------
-- -- (491,000)
$700,000 206,000 (420,000)
======== ======== ========
Total income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 1998,
1997 and 1996 differed from the amounts computed by applying the
statutory Federal income tax rate of 35% to earnings before income taxes
as a result of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997 1996
------------ ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Computed "expected" income tax benefit ........... $(10,778,354 (4,628,000) (2,094,000)
State income taxes, net of Federal benefit ....... -- 30,000 --
Losses with no U.S. tax benefit .................. -- 1,473,000 401,000
Nondeductible expenses............................ 56,462 321,000 162,000
Change in valuation allowance .................... 11,472,873 2,419,000 1,412,000
Other ............................................ (50,981) 591,000 119,000
----------- ---------- ----------
Total income tax expense $ 700,000 206,000 --
=========== ========== ==========
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred
tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 1998 and 1997 are as follows:
1998 1997
---------- ---------
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued liabilities ................................ $2,854,042 215,000
Inventory-related items ............................ 296,802 53,000
Alternative minimum tax credit ..................... 55,230 72,000
Net operating loss carryover - state ............... 992,896 412,000
Net operating loss carryover - Federal ............. 12,598,213 5,134,000
---------- ---------
Gross deferred tax assets ..................... 16,797,183 5,886,000
Less valuation allowance ........................... (16,204,873) (4,732,000)
---------- ---------
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 592,310 1,154,000
Deferred tax liabilities - basis of fixed assets ...... (592,310) (1,154,000)
---------- -----------
Net deferred tax assets ....................... $ -- --
========== ===========
</TABLE>
F-12
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management
considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of
the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of
deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable
income during the periods in which those temporary differences become
deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax
liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies
in making this assessment. Management believes it is not likely that the
Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences at
December 31, 1998. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been provided
for the total net deferred tax assets.
(6) RELOCATION COSTS
During 1998, the Company commenced a relocation of certain of its
operations and has incurred expenses aggregating $2,323,000 for the year
ended December 31, 1998. The effect of these unusual expenses was $0.07
per common share. The Company has substantially completed a two-phase
plan to significantly reduce operating and overhead costs, while
increasing capacity and improving product quality of its Light Metals
Division. The Company expects this action to significantly improve
profitability and provide the physical capacity required to increase
sales of precision cast and machined engine and vehicle components and
assemblies.
The plan includes relocating all foundry and machine shop operations from
the La Mirada, California facility to consolidate all light metals
manufacturing in its new facility in Ensenada, Mexico. At the same time
the Company is investing in the modernization of both manufacturing
facilities in Ensenada to further reduce cost, improve quality and
increase capacity. The Company has completed the relocation of all wheel
machining operations including the relocation of the remaining automotive
engine components foundry and machining operations. In connection with
the relocation of the wheel machining operations and the majority of the
automotive engine components foundry and machining operations, the
Company incurred expenses in excess of management's projections and
experienced delays in the relocation process. These costs include costs
associated with the relocation of machinery and equipment from the La
Mirada, California facility to the new facility in Ensenada, Mexico, the
hiring of new employees at the Ensenada facility, retention and severance
costs of the labor force at the La Mirada facility, overtime premiums and
transportation expedite premiums incurred to meet increased demand in the
automotive components business and production inefficiencies incurred in
operating two production plants during the relocation. All such costs
have been expensed as incurred and are included in the $2,323,000
described above.
(7) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
(A) LEASES
The Company's subsidiaries lease certain factory and office
premises in California and Ensenada, Mexico under noncancelable
operating leases expiring through September 2006. Rental expense
for 1998, 1997 and 1996 was approximately 1,061,000, $1,050,000
and $464,000, respectively.
The Company leases one of its facilities in Mexico from certain
stockholders of the Company. Rental expense for this facility for
1998, 1997 and 1996 was approximately $192,000, $180,000 and
$195,000, respectively. The Company also subleases one of its
California facilities from American Appliance, Inc., a private
company controlled by the Chairman of the Board of Directors of
the Company. Rental expense for this facility in 1998, 1997 and
1996 was approximately $336,000, $252,000 and $216,000,
respectively.
The Company is obligated under capital lease agreements for
certain equipment and vehicles. The leases are due in monthly
installments at various dates through August 2002.
F-13
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
Minimum future rental commitments under the operating leases and
future minimum capital lease payments as of December 31, 1998 are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CAPITAL OPERATING
LEASES LEASES
--------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Year ending December 31:
1999 .............................................. $1,080,000 $1,025,000
2000 .............................................. 1,119,000 1,029,000
2001 .............................................. 1,080,000 832,000
2002 .............................................. 1,061,000 659,000
2003 .............................................. 383,000 582,000
Thereafter ........................................ -- 1,050,000
---------- ----------
Total future minimum lease payments ........... 4,723,000 $5,177,000
==========
Less amounts representing interest
(at rates ranging from
5.96% to 10.48%) ................................ 807,000
---------
Present value of net
minimum capital lease payments .............. 3,916,000
Less current maturities of
obligations under capital leases ................ 778,000
---------
Obligations under capital leases,
excluding current maturities ................ $3,138,000
==========
</TABLE>
The Company has entered into consulting commitments for assistance
in management development, international marketing, licensing and
financing, technical and educational services.
Future commitments under these contracts as of December 31, 1998
were:
Year ending December 31:
1999 $ 56,000
2000 42,000
2001 42,000
2002 42,000
--------
$182,000
========
In addition to the above, the Company has other consulting
agreements which are payable on a month-to-month basis for a total
of $91,000 per month and continue indefinitely until either party
terminates the agreement in writing with advance notice ranging
from one to three months.
(B) LITIGATION
The Company is currently involved in various collection claims and
legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. It is
not possible at this time to predict the outcome of the legal
actions; however, Company management does not believe that
disposition of these matters will have a material effect on the
Company's financial position or results of operations. See note 12
for additional legal matters.
F-14
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
(8) STOCK OPTIONS
On March 3, 1997, the Company established an incentive stock option plan
(the 1997 Plan). Under the 1997 Plan, the Company may grant options to
its directors, officers and employees for up to 2,840,000 shares of
common stock. The exercise price of each option shall be determined by
the Stock Option Committee but shall in no instance be less than the fair
market value of the shares of the Company, determined as the average
closing price of the common shares of the Company for the ten days
trading preceding the date of grant. The option's maximum term is ten
years. The Stock Option Committee shall determine the grant date of any
option. As of December 31, 1998, the options to purchase the maximum
number of shares of common stock allowable under the 1997 Plan had been
granted.
Options granted under the 1997 Plan to participants, other than the
President, Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer,
Secretary and any directors of the Company or its subsidiaries, shall be
subject to a vesting formula. The vesting formula will provide that
options shall vest equally over a three-year period commencing on the
date of the grant so that the options can only be exercised as to an
aggregate of 33.3% in the first year, 66.6% in the second year and 100%
in the third year and each year thereafter. No options granted to an
employee of the Company or an affiliate of the Company shall be
exercisable until the optionee has been employed by the Company or
affiliate for a period of six months. The directors have the discretion
to waive the vesting requirements in appropriate circumstances.
On September 4, 1998, the Board of Directors approved an incentive stock
option plan (the 1998 Plan). Under the 1998 Plan, the Company may grant
options to its directors, officers, employees and consultants for up to
4,000,000 shares of common stock. The option's maximum term is ten years.
The Stock Option Committee will determine the terms of any options or
other rights granted under the 1998 Plan, including the grant date of any
option, the exercise price and the term, which in any event shall not
exceed ten years. The maximum number of shares of common stock under the
1998 Plan to any participant is 200,000 per participant per year.
The following summarizes information relating to stock options during
1998, 1997 and 1996:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NONEMPLOYEES EMPLOYEES ALL
-------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE
FIXED OPTIONS SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
- -------------------------------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at beginning
of year ........................... 510,000 $ 4.73 3,621,500 $ 4.78 4,131,500 $ 4.77
Granted ............................... 760,000 5.88 10,496,700 4.40 11,256,700 4.50
Exercised ............................. (230,000) 3.62 (4,899,892) 4.26 (5,129,892) 4.23
Forfeited ............................. (610,000) 5.66 (3,338,167) 4.77 (3,948,167) 4.91
-------- ---------- ----------
Outstanding at end of year ............ 430,000 6.01 5,880,141 4.48 6,310,141 4.58
Options exercisable at end
of year ........................... 363,333 6.15 4,619,124 4.37 4,282,457 4.57
Weighted average fair
value of options
granted during the year ........... -- 4.48 -- 2.94 -- 3.04
======== ========= ========== ========== ========== =========
</TABLE>
F-15
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NONEMPLOYEES EMPLOYEES ALL
-------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE
FIXED OPTIONS SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
- -------------------------------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at beginning
of year ........................... 25,000 $ 5.25 2,275,500 $ 4.55 2,300,500 $ 4.56
Granted ............................... 485,000 4.70 2,594,000 4.67 3,079,000 4.68
Exercised ............................. -- -- (754,500) 2.06 (754,500) 2.06
Forfeited ............................. -- -- (493,500) 5.75 (493,500) 5.75
-------- ---------- ----------
Outstanding at end of year ............ 510,000 4.73 3,621,500 4.78 4,131,500 4.77
Options exercisable at end
of year ........................... 231,950 4.75 2,984,665 4.78 3,216,615 4.78
Weighted average fair
value of options
granted during the year ........... -- 3.50 -- 3.45 -- 3.48
======== ========= ========== ========== ========== =========
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NONEMPLOYEES EMPLOYEES ALL
-------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE
FIXED OPTIONS SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
- -------------------------------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at beginning
of year ........................... 30,000 $ 1.15 1,591,500 $ 2.73 1,621,500 $ 2.70
Granted ............................... 25,000 5.25 1,305,000 5.76 1,330,000 5.75
Exercised ............................. (30,000) 1.15 (621,000) 2.42 (651,000) 2.36
Forfeited ............................. -- -- -- -- -- --
Outstanding at end of year ............ 25,000 5.25 2,275,500 4.55 2,300,500 4.56
Options exercisable at end
of year ........................... 25,000 5.25 2,275,500 4.55 2,300,500 4.56
Weighted average fair
value of options
granted during the year ........... -- 1.67 -- 3.11 -- 3.22
======== ========= ========== ========== ========== =========
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OUTSTANDING STOCK OPTIONS EXERCISABLE STOCK OPTIONS
------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
RANGE OF NUMBER OF AVERAGE AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICES OUTSTANDING SHARES EXERCISE PRICE REMAINING TERM EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE
-------------------- ------------------- --------------- -------------- ------------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$2.35 to $3.50 2,732,441 $ 3.28 3.91 2,468,157 $ 3.26
5.00 to 5.87 3,100,200 5.24 4.68 2,036,800 5.24
8.50 477,500 8.50 4.33 477,500 8.50
---------- ============
3.50 to 6.50 6,310,141 4.64 4.32 4,982,457 4.57
========== ========= =========== ============ =========
</TABLE>
F-16
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
The per share weighted average fair value of stock options granted during
1998, 1997 and 1996 was $4.32, $3.48 and $3.22, respectively, on the date
of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following
weighted average assumptions: 1998, 1997 and 1996 expected dividend yield
0%; expected volatility of between 148% and 106%; risk-free interest rate
of between 5.00% and 7.20%; and expected life equal to 80% of the full
term of 2 to 5 years.
The Company applies APB Opinion 25 and related interpretations in
accounting for stock options. Accordingly, no compensation cost has been
recognized. Had compensation cost been determined based upon the fair
value of the stock options at the grant date consistent with the method
of FASB Statement 123, the Company's net income and earnings per share
would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts indicated below.
1998 1997 1996
------------ ------------ -----------
Net loss:
As reported $(33,033,000) (13,185,000) (5,563,000)
Pro forma (61,527,000) (20,687,000) (9,619,000)
============ ============ ===========
Basic and diluted loss
per share:
As reported $ (.88) (.58) (.33)
Pro forma (1.80) (.91) (.58)
============ ============ ===========
(9) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(A) SPECIAL WARRANTS
On July 2, 1996, the Company completed a private placement of
3,750,000 Series "A" Special Warrants at a price of $5.00 (Cdn$)
per special warrant. Commission paid to the brokers was 10% of the
gross proceeds and the brokers elected to receive the commission
in special warrants (375,000 Series "A" Special Warrants issued).
Each Series "A" Special Warrant can be exercised into one unit of
the common stock for no additional consideration. Each unit
consists of one common stock and one nontransferable stock
purchase warrant. The stock purchase warrants entitle the holder
to purchase one common stock at $5.50 (Cdn$) per stock until July
2, 1997.
During 1997, all of the Series "A" Special Warrants were exercised
for an aggregate of 4,125,000 shares of common stock and stock
purchase warrants for the purchase of an additional 4,125,000
shares. Total net proceeds of $12,943,000, received upon the
issuance of these special warrants less issuance costs, were
transferred to paid-in capital. During 1997, 705,000 of the Series
"A" stock purchase warrants were exercised for common stock for
total proceeds of $2,791,800. The remaining Series "A" stock
purchase warrants expired during 1997.
On December 6, 1996, the Company completed a brokered private
placement of 500,000 Series "C" Special Warrants at a price of
$9.00 (Cdn$) per special warrant. Each Series "C" Special Warrant
can be exercised into one unit of the Company for no additional
consideration. Each unit consists of one common stock and one
stock purchase warrant. Each Series "C" stock purchase warrant
will entitle the holder to purchase one common stock at $9.50
(Cdn$) per share for a period of one year. During 1997, a warrant
amendment was signed to change the exercise price of the Series
"C" stock purchase warrant from $9.50 (Cdn$) to $4.50 (U.S.$) and
extend the exercise date of the Series "C" Special Warrants and
Series "C" stock purchase warrant.
F-17
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
During 1997, all of the Series "C" Special Warrants were exercised
into common stock with stock purchase warrants for an aggregate of
500,000 common stock and stock purchase warrants. Total net
proceeds of $2,845,000, received upon the issuance of these
special warrants, were transferred to paid-in capital. At June 30,
1998, 272,000 Series "C" stock purchase warrants were exercised
for common stock and at December 31, 1998, no Series "C" stock
purchase warrants were outstanding.
(B) STOCK PURCHASE WARRANTS
At December 31, 1998 and 1997, the Company had 526,501 and 972,000
of stock purchase warrants outstanding, respectively. These
warrants were issued in connection with private placements and
other means of financing. The holders of these warrants are
entitled to receive one share of common stock of the Company for
one warrant exercised. The warrants have exercise prices ranging
from $4.00 to $5.00 and expiration dates between September 2000
and March 2003.
(C) PREFERRED STOCK
On September 19, 1997, the Company completed a private placement
of 10,000 shares of Series One Convertible Class A Preference
stock, no par value (the Class A Preferred), for net proceeds of
$9,604,000. Conversion of the Class A Preferred stock into common
stock is at the option of the holder for any or all the
outstanding stock after January 8, 1998 or at the option of the
Company after September 8, 2000. Each share of the Class A
Preferred stock may be converted into common stock at a conversion
price based on a floating price formula. In the event of any
liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the
Company, holders of the Class A Preferred stock shall be paid the
redemption price plus all accrued dividends to the date of
liquidation, dissolution or winding up of affairs before any
payment to other stockholders. These shares have no voting rights
and have a redemption price of $1,000 per share, together with
accrued and unpaid dividends thereon. Redemption of these stocks
is at the option of the Company. Dividends on the Class A
Preferred stock is cumulative and at the rate of 7% per annum
payable in cash or common stock at the date of conversion.
During 1998, all the holders of the Class A Preferred stock
elected to exercise the conversion rights under this class of
shares. The $10 million face value amounts were converted into
4,742,522 common shares. The total stock issued on conversion also
includes the payout of 7% cumulative dividends in the form of
additional common stock. Dividends paid out for the Class A
Preferred stock amounted to $356,000.
(D) SHARES IN ESCROW
Of the Company's issued and outstanding shares, 4,150,000 are held
in escrow to be released in accordance with a formula based on
cumulative cash flow of the Company.
(E) SHARE BUY-BACK PLAN
On September 17, 1998, the Company announced that its Board of
Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $3,500,000 of
its shares of common stock. The actual number of shares
repurchased, and the timing of the purchases, has been based on
the stock price, general conditions and other factors. The Company
has repurchased 330,080 shares for a total of $1,500,000 at
December 31, 1998.
(F) ISSUANCE OF STOCK OPTIONS TO NONEMPLOYEES FOR SERVICES
The Company has recorded $3,308,000 and $542,000 and zero of
compensation expense in 1998, 1997 and 1996 respectively, relating
to stock options issued to nonemployees for services rendered
during those years.
F-18
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
(10) RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company made payments to related parties as follows:
1998 1997 1996
---------- --------- --------
Project management fees ........ $ 180,000 324,000 59,000
Consulting fees ................ 202,000 470,000 62,000
Management fees ................ -- -- 22,000
Rent and administrative services 192,000 360,000 127,000
---------- --------- --------
$ 574,000 1,154,000 270,000
========== ========= ========
The following amounts are due from related parties and are included in
employee advances receivable and other assets:
1998 1997
----------- -------
Advances receivable from irectors
dinterest free and payable on demand $ 403,000 353,000
Housing loans receivable from directors 656,000 375,000
----------- -------
$ 1,059,000 728,000
=========== =======
During 1998, the Company expended funds aggregating $1,464,000 to a
Company controlled by one of its officers for research and development
activities related to the Company's product development which is included
in research and development costs at December 31, 1998.
(11) SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company's accounting policies of the segments below are the same as
those described in the summary of significant accounting policies, except
that the Company does not allocated income taxes to segments. The Company
evaluates performance based on net revenues and profit or loss from
operations. The business segments are summarized as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997 1996
------------ ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Sales to external customers:
Aftermarket wheels ........... $ 13,848,000 20,691,000 8,560,000
Automotive engine components . 26,287,000 18,474,000 5,384,000
Turbodyne products ........... 723,000 -- --
------------ ----------- ------------
$ 40,858,000 39,165,000 13,944,000
============ =========== ===========
Gross profit (loss):
Aftermarket wheels ........... $ 2,974,000 3,990,000 960,000
Automotive engine components . 1,938,000 3,400,000 909,000
Turbodyne products ........... 121,000 (551,000) (26,000)
------------ ----------- ------------
$ 5,033,000 6,839,000 1,843,000
============ =========== ===========
Loss from operations:
Aftermarket wheels ........... $ (341,000) 570,000 (464,000)
Automotive engine components . (2,867,000) 752,000 (74,000)
Turbodyne products ........... (23,962,000) (13,465,000) (5,400,000)
------------ ----------- ------------
$(27,170,000) (12,143,000) (5,938,000)
============ =========== ===========
</TABLE>
F-19
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1997 1996
------------ ---------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Depreciation and amortization:
Aftermarket wheels ........... $ 1,081,000 806,000 263,000
Automotive engine components . 1,349,000 844,000 492,000
Turbodyne products ........... 1,201,000 1,045,000 582,000
------------ ---------- ---------
$ 3,631,000 2,695,000 1,337,000
============ ========== =========
Net interest expense (income):
Aftermarket wheels ........... $ 703,000 402,000 212,000
Automotive engine components . 722,000 484,000 148,000
Turbodyne products ........... (625,000) (116,000) --
------------ ---------- ---------
$ 800,000 770,000 360,000
============ ========== =========
Capital expenditures:
Aftermarket wheels ........... $ 559,000 927,000 470,000
Automotive engine components . 1,547,000 5,441,000 966,000
Turbodyne products ........... 627,000 542,000 721,000
------------ ---------- ---------
$ 2,733,000 6,910,000 2,157,000
============ ========== =========
Total assets:
Aftermarket wheels ........... $ 12,237,000 13,017,000 8,661,000
Automotive engine components . 22,194,000 17,633,000 10,511,000
Turbodyne products ........... 20,615,000 19,076,000 20,269,000
------------ ---------- ---------
$ 55,046,000 49,726,000 39,441,000
============ ========== =========
</TABLE>
(12) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In July 1998, a claim was filed against the Company alleging, among other
things, breach of contract, breach of purchase order, negligent
misrepresentation and fraud. On March 3, 1999 an arbitration award was
issued against the Company for a total of $6.65 million, plus recovery of
plaintiff's attorney's fees and other costs, the total of which is
unknown at this time. The Company plans to dispute the arbitration award
and believes they have meritorious defenses to the claims. The Company
has provided what is deems to be an appropriate reserve for this claim
which is less than the total arbitration award of $6.65 million.
During 1998, the Company was a party to various complaints surrounding a
building lease related to the Company's operations in Carpinteria. On
March 18, 1999, these matters were resolved resulting in judgments
against the Company for a total of $401,000. The judgments have been
appealed and are currently pending before the California Appellate Court.
The Company has provided a reserve of $401,000 related to these
complaints.
F-20
<PAGE>
TURBODYNE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1998 and 1997
On January 20, 1999 and January 25, 1999, respectively, EASDAQ and the
NASDAQ SmallCap Market halted trading of the Company's securities due to
the initiation of disciplinary proceedings against the Company for
allegedly issuing a number of press releases which contained false or
misleading information to the market. On March 1, 1999, a formal hearing
was held with the EASDAQ Market Authority resulting in EASDAQ removing
the halt on the Company's securities. On March 11, 1999, a formal hearing
was held with the NASDAQ Market Authority. On April 1, 1999, the Company
received notification from the NASDAQ Market Authority indicating that
the Company's securities have been delisted from the NASDAQ exchange. As
a result of the disciplinary proceedings, numerous class action lawsuits
have been filed against the COMPANY. The Company has not yet responded to
the complaints, but intends to defend the cases vigorously. The
investigation is in the preliminary stages and at the present time,
claimants have not specified the amount of monetary damages.
It is not possible at this time to predict the outcome of these matters,
and other than disclosed above, no provision has been recognized in the
accompanying consolidated financial statements for liabilities, if any,
that may result from the resolution of these matters.
(13) LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared
assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company
has suffered net losses in each of the last three years and has an
accumulated deficit of $54,269,000 at December 31, 1998, has used cash in
its operating activities in each of the last three years, has violated
covenants of its debt facilities, has received an adverse award and a
judgment in the aggregate amount of approximately $7.1 million related to
an arbitration matter and a building lease, respectively, is subject to
several class action lawsuits brought against it by certain of its
stockholders, and based on the Company's projected cash flows for the
ensuing year it will be required to seek additional equity or debt
financing in order to continue its present operations, irrespective of
amounts to be paid, if any, in connection with the aforementioned adverse
award and judgment and class action lawsuits. These matters raise
substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going
concern.
The Company was not in compliance with certain covenants related to its
debt facilities at December 31, 1998, but has received the appropriate
waivers for the year ended December 31, 1998 and through the first
quarter ended March 31, 1999. The Company is in the process of working
with its bank to prospectively amend the financial covenants to be more
in accord with the expected level of operations for each subsequent
quarter through December 31, 1999. If the Company is not in compliance at
any of the future quarterly dates, the bank has the right to call the
loan which could cause the Company to renegotiate with the bank for
forbearance, make other financial arrangements or take other actions in
order to pay down the loan, if required. However, there can be no
assurance that such revised covenants will be met or that replacement
financing will be available.
Management has developed and begun a cost reduction plan, that includes
reducing overhead and selling, research, general and administrative
expenses. However, there is no assurance that the cost reductions will
be realized in the full amount.
F-21
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' CONSENT
The Board of Directors
Turbodyne Technologies Inc.
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (No.
333-64133) on Form S-8 of Turbodyne Technologies Inc. of our report dated March
15, 1999, except for the last paragraph of note 4, which is as of April 15,
1999, note 12, which is as of April 1, 1999, and note 13, which is as of April
15, 1999 relating to the consolidated balance sheets of Turbodyne Technologies
Inc. as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the related consolidated statements
of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the
three-year period ended December 31, 1998, which report appears in the December
31, 1998 annual report on Form 10-K of Turbodyne Technologies Inc.
KPMG LLP
/S/ KMPG LLP
Los Angeles, California
April 15, 1999
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> 12-MOS
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1998
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1998
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1998
<CASH> 1,257,000
<SECURITIES> 0
<RECEIVABLES> 10,793,000
<ALLOWANCES> 170,000
<INVENTORY> 6,507,000
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 20,203,000
<PP&E> 30,232,000
<DEPRECIATION> 9,616,000
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 55,046,000
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 15,882,000
<BONDS> 0
0
0
<COMMON> 42,000
<OTHER-SE> 25,907,000
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 55,046,000
<SALES> 40,858,000
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 40,858,000
<CGS> 35,825,000
<TOTAL-COSTS> 68,031,000
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 1,363,000
<LOSS-PROVISION> 394,000
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 800,000
<INCOME-PRETAX> (30,033,000)
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> 0
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> (30,033,000)
<EPS-PRIMARY> (0.88)
<EPS-DILUTED> (0.88)
</TABLE>
