SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 28, 1996
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COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-7182
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MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 13-2740599
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
WORLD FINANCIAL CENTER, NORTH TOWER,
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10281-1332
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(212) 449-1000
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Registrant's telephone number, including area code
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last
report.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
YES X NO
--- ---
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of
common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
168,660,915 shares of Common Stock*
(as of the close of business on August 2, 1996)
* Does not include 2,529,387 unallocated reversion shares held in the Employee
Stock Ownership Plan that are not considered outstanding for accounting
purposes.
<PAGE>
Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
-----------------------------
ITEM 1. Financial Statements
--------------------
MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED PERCENT(1)
--------------------------
JUNE 28, JUNE 30, INCREASE
(In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts) 1996 1995 (DECREASE)
---------- ---------- ----------
REVENUES
Commissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 970 $ 765 27%
Interest and dividends . . . . . . . . . 3,040 3,295 (8)
Principal transactions . . . . . . . . . 908 615 48
Investment banking . . . . . . . . . . . 580 335 73
Asset management and portfolio
service fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 464 19
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 111 26
------ ------
Total Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,190 5,585 11
Interest Expense . . . . . . . . . . . 2,810 3,036 (7)
------ ------
Net Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,380 2,549 33
------ ------
NON-INTEREST EXPENSES
Compensation and benefits . . . . . . . . 1,741 1,309 33
Communications and equipment rental . . . 137 117 17
Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 110 3
Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . 98 88 11
Professional fees . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 105 33
Advertising and market development. . . . 124 96 30
Brokerage, clearing, and exchange fees. . 101 94 8
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 166 37
------ ------
Total Non-Interest Expenses . . . . . . . 2,682 2,085 29
------ ------
EARNINGS BEFORE INCOME TAXES . . . . . . 698 464 50
Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . 265 181 46
------ ------
NET EARNINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 433 $ 283 53
====== ======
NET EARNINGS APPLICABLE TO COMMON
STOCKHOLDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 422 $ 271
====== ======
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
Primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2.19 $ 1.40
====== ======
Fully diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2.19 $ 1.39
====== ======
DIVIDEND PAID PER COMMON SHARE. . . . . . $ .30 $ .26
====== ======
AVERAGE SHARES USED IN COMPUTING EARNINGS
PER COMMON SHARE:
Primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.9 193.3
====== ======
Fully diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.9 195.2
====== ======
(1) Percentages are based on actual numbers before rounding.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2
<PAGE>
MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED EARNINGS (UNAUDITED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED PERCENT(1)
--------------------------
JUNE 28, JUNE 30, INCREASE
(In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts) 1996 1995 (DECREASE)
---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
REVENUES
Commissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,959 $ 1,450 35%
Interest and dividends . . . . . . . . . . 6,050 6,325 (4)
Principal transactions . . . . . . . . . . 1,891 1,289 47
Investment banking . . . . . . . . . . . . 958 584 64
Asset management and portfolio
service fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,090 913 19
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 228 15
------- -------
Total Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,209 10,789 13
Interest Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,568 5,819 (4)
------- -------
Net Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,641 4,970 34
------- -------
NON-INTEREST EXPENSES
Compensation and benefits . . . . . . . . . 3,432 2,579 33
Communications and equipment rental . . . . 268 229 17
Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 219 4
Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . 196 175 12
Professional fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 204 32
Advertising and market development. . . . . 239 182 31
Brokerage, clearing, and exchange fees. . . 207 178 17
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 361 20
------- -------
Total Non-Interest Expenses . . . . . . . . 5,272 4,127 28
------- -------
EARNINGS BEFORE INCOME TAXES . . . . . . . 1,369 843 62
Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 333 58
------- -------
NET EARNINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 843 $ 510 65
======= =======
NET EARNINGS APPLICABLE TO COMMON
STOCKHOLDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 820 $ 486
======= =======
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
Primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4.22 $ 2.48
======= =======
Fully diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4.21 $ 2.46
======= =======
DIVIDENDS PAID PER COMMON SHARE . . . . . . $ .56 $ .49
======= =======
AVERAGE SHARES USED IN COMPUTING EARNINGS
PER COMMON SHARE:
Primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.3 196.2
======= =======
Fully diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194.6 197.5
======= =======
</TABLE>
(1) Percentages are based on actual numbers before rounding.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
3
<PAGE>
MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts) JUNE 28, DEC. 29,
ASSETS 1996 1995
- ------------------------------------------------------- -------- --------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,751 $ 3,091
-------- --------
CASH AND SECURITIES SEGREGATED FOR REGULATORY PURPOSES
OR DEPOSITED WITH CLEARING ORGANIZATIONS . . . . . . . 5,011 5,412
-------- --------
MARKETABLE INVESTMENT SECURITIES . . . . . . . . . . . 2,146 2,365
-------- --------
TRADING ASSETS, AT FAIR VALUE
Corporate debt and preferred stock . . . . . . . . . . 20,138 17,581
Contractual agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,981 11,833
Equities and convertible debentures . . . . . . . . . . 14,011 10,843
Non-U.S. governments and agencies . . . . . . . . . . . 9,255 6,744
U.S. Government and agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,247 6,672
Mortgages, mortgage-backed, and asset-backed . . . . . 3,740 3,749
Money markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,666 1,680
Municipals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,094 1,001
-------- --------
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,132 60,103
-------- --------
RESALE AGREEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,322 44,257
-------- --------
SECURITIES BORROWED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,985 20,645
-------- --------
RECEIVABLES
Customers (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of
$49 in 1996 and $37 in 1995) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,405 14,783
Brokers and dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,972 9,267
Interest and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,710 4,741
-------- --------
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,087 28,791
-------- --------
INVESTMENTS OF INSURANCE SUBSIDIARIES . . . . . . . . . 5,365 5,619
LOANS, NOTES, AND MORTGAGES (NET OF ALLOWANCE FOR
LOAN LOSSES OF $141 IN 1996 AND $131 IN 1995) . . . . 2,705 2,172
OTHER INVESTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,128 961
PROPERTY, LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, AND EQUIPMENT
(NET OF ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION
OF $2,331 IN 1996 AND $2,239 IN 1995) . . . . . . . . 1,582 1,605
OTHER ASSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,961 1,836
-------- --------
TOTAL ASSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $205,175 $176,857
======== ========
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4
<PAGE>
MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts) JUNE 28, DEC. 29,
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 1996 1995
- --------------------------------------------------- -------- ---------
LIABILITIES
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 62,865 $ 56,817
-------- --------
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND OTHER SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS . 32,702 29,546
-------- --------
TRADING LIABILITIES, AT FAIR VALUE . . . . . . . .
Contractual agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,115 10,907
U.S. Government and agencies . . . . . . . . . . . 12,673 9,089
Equities and convertible debentures . . . . . . . . 8,247 6,642
Non-U.S. governments and agencies . . . . . . . . . 6,718 4,418
Corporate debt and preferred stock . . . . . . . . 2,143 2,199
Municipals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 95
-------- --------
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,954 33,350
-------- --------
CUSTOMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,112 11,391
INSURANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,107 5,391
BROKERS AND DEALERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,852 6,366
OTHER LIABILITIES AND ACCRUED INTEREST . . . . . . 11,429 10,515
LONG-TERM BORROWINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,640 17,340
-------- --------
TOTAL LIABILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,661 170,716
-------- --------
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
PREFERRED STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY . . . . . . . . . . 619 619
-------- --------
COMMON STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, par value $1.33 1/3 per share;
authorized: 500,000,000 shares;
issued: 1996 and 1995 - 236,330,162 shares . . . 315 315
Paid-in capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,312 1,237
Foreign currency translation adjustment . . . . . . (4) 11
Net unrealized gains on investment securities
available-for-sale (net of applicable income tax
expense of $4 in 1996 and $13 in 1995) . . . . . 8 25
Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,215 6,492
-------- --------
Subtotal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,846 8,080
Less:
Treasury stock, at cost:
1996 - 64,876,357 shares;
1995 - 60,929,278 shares . . . . . . . . . . 2,502 2,241
Unallocated ESOP reversion shares, at cost:
1996 - 2,529,387 shares;
1995 - 4,012,519 shares . . . . . . . . . . 40 63
Employee stock transactions . . . . . . . . . . . 409 254
-------- --------
TOTAL COMMON STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY . . . . . . . . . 5,895 5,522
-------- --------
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,514 6,141
-------- --------
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY . . . . $205,175 $176,857
======== ========
BOOK VALUE PER COMMON SHARE . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 35.07 $ 32.41
======== ========
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
5
<PAGE>
MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED
---------------------------
(In Millions) JUNE 28, JUNE 30,
1996 1995
-------- ---------
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 843 $ 510
Noncash items included in earnings:
Depreciation and amortization . . . . . . . . . . . 196 175
Policyholder reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 152
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 294
(Increase) decrease in operating assets:
Trading assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (8,999) (3,982)
Cash and securities segregated for regulatory
purposes or deposited with clearing organizations. 401 (1,205)
Securities borrowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3,340) (759)
Customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2,638) 595
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6,460) (3,312)
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
Trading liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,604 965
Customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,280) (88)
Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (330) (396)
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,326 5,830
------- -------
CASH USED FOR OPERATING ACTIVITIES . . . . . . . . . (6,232) (1,221)
------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from (payments for):
Maturities of available-for-sale securities . . . . 1,570 819
Sales of available-for-sale securities . . . . . . 784 680
Purchases of available-for-sale securities . . . . (2,160) (1,579)
Maturities of held-to-maturity securities . . . . . 385 589
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities . . . . . (244) (635)
Other investments and other assets . . . . . . . . (340) (88)
Property, leasehold improvements, and equipment . . (173) (163)
------- -------
CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES . . . . . . . . . (178) (377)
------- -------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from (payments for):
Repurchase agreements, net of resale agreements . . (2,017) (217)
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings. . 3,156 2,958
Issuance and resale of long-term borrowings . . . . 9,371 4,850
Settlement and repurchase of long-term borrowings . (3,842) (4,327)
Common stock transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . (479) (538)
Dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (119) (112)
------- -------
Cash provided by financing activities . . . . . . . . 6,070 2,614
------- -------
(DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS . . (340) 1,016
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year . . . . 3,091 2,312
------- -------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD . . . . . . $ 2,751 $ 3,328
======= =======
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for:
Income taxes totaled $633 in 1996 and $136 in 1995.
Interest totaled $5,359 in 1996 and $5,695 in 1995.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
6
<PAGE>
MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
JUNE 28, 1996
(DOLLARS IN MILLIONS)
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Merrill Lynch &
Co., Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the "Corporation"). All
material intercompany balances have been eliminated. The December 29, 1995
consolidated balance sheet was derived from the audited financial statements.
The interim consolidated financial statements for the three- and six-month
periods are unaudited; however, in the opinion of the management of the
Corporation, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring accruals,
necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations have been included.
These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the
audited financial statements included in the Corporation's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 29, 1995 ("1995 10-K"). Because of the nature
of the Corporation's business, the results of any interim period are not
necessarily indicative of results for a full year. Prior period financial
statements have been reclassified, where appropriate, to conform to the 1996
presentation.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In October 1995, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards("SFAS") No. 123, "Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation", which is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 1995. The Corporation has decided not to adopt the cost
recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 but will disclose, as required, the pro-
forma impact of these provisions in its 1996 year-end financial statements.
In June 1996, the FASB issued SFAS No. 125, "Accounting For Transfers and
Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities", which is
effective for transactions occurring after December 31, 1996. The Corporation
has not yet quantified the impact of adopting SFAS No. 125.
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND OTHER SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings at June 28, 1996 and December
29, 1995 are presented below:
June 28, Dec. 29,
1996 1995
-------- --------
Commercial paper $18,393 $16,969
Demand and time deposits 7,824 8,182
Securities loaned 3,591 2,857
Bank loans and other 2,894 1,538
------- -------
Total $32,702 $29,546
======= =======
7
<PAGE>
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE-SHEET RISK
The Corporation enters into various derivative contracts to meet clients' needs
and to manage its own market risks. Derivative contracts often involve future
commitments to exchange interest payment streams or currencies (such as
interest rate and currency swaps or foreign exchange forwards) or to purchase
or sell other financial instruments at specified terms on a specified date.
Options, for example, can be purchased or written on a wide range of financial
instruments such as securities, currencies, futures, and various market indices.
The contractual or notional amounts of derivatives provide only a measure of
involvement in these types of transactions and represent neither the amounts
subject to the various types of market risk, nor the future cash requirements
under these instruments. The contractual or notional amounts of derivatives
used for trading purposes by type of risk follow:
<TABLE><CAPTION>
(Notional amounts in billions)
- ------------------------------
Interest Rate Currency Equity Price Commodity Price
June 28, 1996 Risk(1)(2) Risk (3) Risk Risk
- ------------- ----------------- -------------- ------------ --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Swap agreements $1,064 $ 118 $ 10 $ 2
Futures contracts 133 1 4 24
Options purchased 86 49 27 3
Options written 96 47 26 3
Forward contracts 34 158 - 7
<CAPTION>
December 29, 1995
- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Swap agreements $ 851 $ 106 $ 7 $ 3
Futures contracts 215 1 2 2
Options purchased 45 24 38 5
Options written 64 24 41 6
Forward contracts 33 118 - 25
</TABLE>
(1) Certain derivatives subject to interest rate risk are also exposed to
credit risk of the underlying financial instrument, such as total return
swaps and similar instruments.
(2) Forward contracts subject to interest rate risk principally represent "To
Be Announced" mortgage pools which bear interest rate as well as principal
prepayment risk.
(3) Included in the currency risk category are certain contracts which are
also subject to interest rate risk.
The contractual or notional amounts of derivative financial instruments used
for financing and other non-trading purposes follow:
(Notional amounts in billions) June 28, December 29,
- ------------------------------
1996 1995
---------- ----------
Interest rate swap contracts(1) $33 $31
Foreign exchange contracts(1) 2 3
Equity options purchased 1 1
(1) Includes options embedded in swap contracts which hedge callable debt
totaling $1 billion notional.
Most of the above transactions are entered into with the Corporation's swap and
foreign exchange dealer subsidiaries, which intermediate interest rate
8
<PAGE>
and currency risk with third parties in the normal course of their trading
activities.
In the normal course of business, the Corporation also enters into underwriting
commitments, when-issued transactions, and commitments to extend credit.
Settlement of these commitments as of June 28, 1996 would not have a material
effect on the consolidated financial condition of the Corporation.
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated ("MLPF&S"), a registered
broker-dealer and a subsidiary of the Corporation, is subject to the net capital
requirements of Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Under
the alternative method permitted by this rule, the minimum required net capital,
as defined, shall not be less than 2% of aggregate debit items arising from
customer transactions. At June 28, 1996, MLPF&S's regulatory net capital of
$1,472 was 10% of aggregate debit items, and its regulatory net capital in
excess of the minimum required was $1,168.
Merrill Lynch Government Securities Inc. ("MLGSI"), a primary dealer in U.S.
Government securities and a subsidiary of the Corporation, is subject to the
capital adequacy requirements of the Government Securities Act of 1986. This
rule requires dealers to maintain liquid capital in excess of market and credit
risk, as defined, by 20% (a 1.2-to-1 capital-to-risk standard). At June 28,
1996, MLGSI's liquid capital of $749 was 275% of its total market and credit
risk, and liquid capital in excess of the minimum required was $422.
Merrill Lynch International ("MLI"), a United Kingdom registered broker-dealer
and a subsidiary of the Corporation, is subject to the capital requirements of
the Securities and Futures Authority ("SFA") of the United Kingdom. Financial
resources, as defined, must exceed the total financial resources requirement of
the SFA. At June 28, 1996, MLI's financial resources were $1,259 and exceeded
the minimum requirement by $224.
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND EXPENSE
Interest expense includes payments in lieu of dividends of $1.4 and $3.8 for the
second quarters of 1996 and 1995, respectively. For the six-month periods ended
June 28, 1996 and June 30, 1995, payments in lieu of dividends were $3.0 and
$6.2, respectively.
LITIGATION MATTER
On January 12, 1995, an action was commenced in the United States Bankruptcy
Court for the Central District of California by Orange County, California (the
"County") and the Orange County Investment Pools (the "Pools"), both of which
filed bankruptcy petitions in that Court on December 6, 1994, against the
Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries in connection with the Corporation's
business activities with the Orange County Treasurer-Tax Collector. In
addition, other actions have been brought against the Corporation and/or certain
of its officers, directors, and employees and certain of its subsidiaries in
federal and state courts in California, Illinois, and New York. These include
class actions and
9
<PAGE>
stockholder derivative actions brought by persons alleging harm to themselves or
to the Corporation arising out of the Corporation's dealings with the Orange
County Treasurer-Tax Collector, or from the purchase of debt instruments issued
by the County that were underwritten by the Corporation's subsidiary, MLPF&S.
See "Commitments and Contingencies" in the notes to the Corporation's audited
consolidated financial statements contained in the 1995 10-K as well as "Legal
Proceedings" in the 1995 10-K and the 1996 quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.
10
<PAGE>
INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS' REPORT
- -------------------------------
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc.:
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet of
Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. and subsidiaries as of June 28, 1996, and the related
condensed statements of consolidated earnings for the three- and six-month
periods ended June 28, 1996 and June 30, 1995 and consolidated cash flows for
the six-month periods ended June 28, 1996 and June 30, 1995. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the management of Merrill Lynch
& Co., Inc.
We conducted our review in accordance with standards established by the American
Institute of Certified Public Accountants. A review of interim financial
information consists principally of applying analytical procedures to financial
data and of making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting
matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance
with generally accepted auditing standards, the objective of which is the
expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole.
Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should
be made to such condensed consolidated financial statements for them to be in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
We have previously audited, in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards, the consolidated balance sheet of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. and
subsidiaries as of December 29, 1995, and the related statements of consolidated
earnings, changes in consolidated stockholders' equity and consolidated cash
flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated
February 26, 1996, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated
financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the
accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 29, 1995 is
fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance
sheet from which it has been derived.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
New York, New York
August 9, 1996
11
<PAGE>
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
OF OPERATIONS
-------------
Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the
"Corporation") conduct their businesses in global financial markets that are
influenced by a number of factors, including economic and market conditions,
political events, and investor sentiment. The reaction of issuers and investors
to a particular condition or event is unpredictable and can increase volatility
in the marketplace. While higher volatility increases risk, it may also
increase order flow, which drives many of the Corporation's businesses. Other
global market and economic conditions, including the liquidity of secondary
markets, the level and volatility of interest rates, currency exchange rates,
and security valuations, competitive conditions, and the size, number, and
timing of transactions may also affect earnings. As a result, revenues and net
earnings can vary significantly from quarter to quarter, and from year to year.
Global financial markets continued to be buoyant throughout the 1996 first half,
after strong performances in 1995. Issuer and investor demand and lower
interest rates relative to a year ago led to higher industrywide revenues from
underwriting, trading, commissions, and merger and acquisition services.
U.S. equity markets continued to rise to record price levels in the 1996 first
half, although the rate of advance slowed in the second quarter. Individual
investors deposited record amounts into mutual funds, fueling demand for new
issues and driving many domestic stock indices, including the Dow Jones
Industrial Average and the Nasdaq Composite Index, to record levels. Nasdaq
average daily trading volumes also achieved a record high in the 1996 second
quarter.
U.S. bond markets, which advanced strongly on steady declines in interest rates
throughout 1995, became more volatile during the 1996 first half. Long-term
interest rates remained low in the first two months of 1996, but inflationary
fears fueled a marked increase in interest rates beginning in March 1996 that
continued throughout the second quarter. The U.S. Treasury yield curve (the
relationship between interest rates and maturities) steepened midway through the
first half as long-term interest rates increased more than short-term rates.
Nevertheless, the overall level of interest rates in the 1996 first half was
lower than in the year-ago period.
Global equity markets rose on average approximately 6% during the 1996 first
half, as measured by the Dow Jones World Stock Index, with most of the increase
occurring during January through April of 1996. Many Asian and European equity
markets advanced, but U.K. and Japanese markets ended the 1996 first half only
marginally ahead of 1995 year-end levels in U.S. dollar terms. Interest rates
in most global bond markets rose during the six-month period, but remained low
relative to the first six months of 1995.
U.S. underwriting volume benefited from a substantial increase in new issue
volumes due to higher equity prices and continued demand from both institutional
and individual investors. Industrywide disclosed fees from U.S. public debt and
equity underwriting reached a record $2.9 billion during the 1996 second
quarter, up 70% from the year-earlier period, according to Securities Data Co.
12
<PAGE>
Strategic services activities were strong throughout the 1996 first half. The
value of global mergers and acquisitions completed industrywide exceeded $495
billion in the 1996 period, up 26% from the 1995 first half, according to
Securities Data Co. Companies continued to seek strategic alliances to increase
earnings growth and expand into new markets or businesses. Factors contributing
to the increased level of merger and acquisition activity included steady
economic growth, relatively low inflation and interest rates, appreciated stock
values, increased global competition, and continued deregulation in certain
industries.
The robust financial markets that characterized 1995 continued throughout the
first six months of 1996, as many financial services firms, including the
Corporation, reported record earnings during the 1996 second quarter.
Nevertheless, the industry is cyclical. As a result, the Corporation's
businesses are evaluated across market cycles for profitability and alignment
with long-term strategic objectives. The Corporation seeks to mitigate the
effect of market downturns by expanding its global presence, developing long-
term client relationships, closely monitoring costs and risks, and continuing to
diversify revenue sources.
SECOND QUARTER 1996 VERSUS SECOND QUARTER 1995
The discussion that follows emphasizes the comparison between the second
quarters of 1996 and 1995 and presents additional information on the comparison
between the six-month periods, when relevant.
Net earnings for the 1996 second quarter were a record $433 million, up $150
million (53%) from the $283 million reported in last year's second quarter.
Second quarter earnings per common share were $2.19 primary and fully diluted,
compared with $1.40 primary and $1.39 fully diluted in the 1995 second quarter.
After deducting preferred stock dividends, net earnings applicable to common
stockholders totaled $422 million in the 1996 second quarter, up $151 million
(56%) from $271 million in the prior year's quarter. Annualized return on
average common stockholders' equity was 29.2% versus 21.0% in the year-ago
period. The Corporation's pretax profit margin in the 1996 second quarter was
20.6% versus 18.2% in the year-ago period. The net profit margin increased to
12.8% in the 1996 second quarter, compared with 11.1% in the 1995 second
quarter.
For the first six months of 1996, net earnings were $843 million, up $333
million (65%) from the $510 million reported in the prior year period. Earnings
per common share were $4.22 primary and $4.21 fully diluted, compared with $2.48
primary and $2.46 fully diluted in the corresponding 1995 period. After
deducting preferred stock dividends, net earnings applicable to common
stockholders in the first half of 1996 totaled $820 million, up $334 million
(69%) from $486 million in the comparable 1995 period. Annualized return on
average common stockholders' equity was 28.7% for the 1996 first half, compared
with 18.8% for the year-ago period. The Corporation's pretax profit margin in
the 1996 first half was 20.6% versus 17.0% in the 1995 first half. The net
profit margin increased to 12.7% in the first six months of 1996, compared with
10.3% in the year-ago period.
Total revenues increased 11% from the 1995 second quarter to $6.2 billion, with
record revenues in investment banking and asset management and portfolio
13
<PAGE>
service fees. Net revenues (revenues after interest expense) increased 33%
from the year-ago period to $3.4 billion.
Commissions revenues are summarized as follows:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
------------------ ----------------
(In millions) June 28, June 30, % June 28, June 30, %
------------- 1996 1995 Incr. 1996 1995 Incr.
------ ------ ----- -------- ------- -----
Listed and
over-the-counter $517 $415 25% $1,064 $ 780 37%
Mutual funds 309 217 43 608 404 51
Other 144 133 8 287 266 7
---- ---- ------ ------
Total $970 $765 27 $1,959 $1,450 35
==== ==== ====== ======
Commissions revenues from listed and over-the-counter securities increased
because of higher trading volumes on most major U.S. and international
exchanges. Mutual fund commissions revenues rose to a record level due
primarily to strong sales of U.S. and offshore funds and higher distribution
fees.
Significant components of interest and dividend revenues and interest expense
for the three- and six-month periods ended June 28, 1996 and June 30, 1995
follow:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
------------------ -------------------
(In millions) June 28, June 30, June 28, June 30,
- ------------ 1996 1995 1996 1995
-------- -------- -------- --------
Interest and
dividend revenues:
Trading assets $ 986 $1,071 $1,945 $2,010
Resale agreements 714 770 1,404 1,541
Securities borrowed 644 826 1,319 1,512
Margin lending 369 334 742 659
Other 327 294 640 603
------ ------ ------ ------
Total 3,040 3,295 6,050 6,325
------ ------ ------ ------
Interest expense:
Borrowings 1,131 1,126 2,248 2,137
Repurchase agreements 854 1,015 1,702 1,971
Trading liabilities 580 626 1,132 1,201
Other 245 269 486 510
------ ------ ------ ------
Total 2,810 3,036 5,568 5,819
------ ------ ------ -------
Net interest and
dividend profit $ 230 $ 259 $ 482 $ 506
====== ====== ====== ======
The Corporation hedges its long-term payment obligations with interest rate and
currency swaps. The effect of these hedges, which is included in the
"Borrowings" caption above, decreased interest expense by approximately $23
million for the 1996 second quarter and approximately $21 million for the 1995
second quarter.
14
<PAGE>
Interest and dividend revenues and expenses are a function of the level and mix
of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the prevailing
level, term structure, and volatility of interest rates. Net interest and
dividend profit declined 11% to $230 million from the 1995 second quarter as a
result of reduced levels of interest-earning assets.
Principal transactions revenues were up 48% from the 1995 second quarter to $908
million. Increased client order flow and effective risk management in volatile
markets led to broad-based increases in most product categories. Revenues from
principal transactions in the 1996 second quarter were the second highest
ever, 8% below the record $982 million in the 1996 first quarter.
Trading, hedging, and financing activities affect the recognition of both
principal transactions revenues and net interest and dividend profit. In
assessing the profitability of its trading activities, the Corporation views net
interest and principal transactions revenues in the aggregate. For financial
reporting purposes, however, realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading
positions, including hedges, are recorded in principal transaction revenues.
The net interest carry (i.e., the spread representing interest earned versus
financing costs) for trading positions, including hedges, is recorded either as
principal transactions revenues or net interest profit, depending on the nature
of the specific instruments. Changes in the composition of trading inventories
and hedge positions can cause the recognition of revenues within these
categories to fluctuate.
The following table provides information on aggregate trading profits, including
related net interest revenue (expense). Interest revenue and expense components
are based on financial reporting categories and management's assessment of the
cost to finance trading positions, after consideration of the underlying
liquidity of these positions.
15
<PAGE>
(In millions) Principal Net Interest Net
- ------------- Transactions Revenue Trading
Revenues (Expense) Revenue
---------------- --------------- ---------------
Three Months 1996 1995 1996 1995 1996 1995
- ------------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Equity and equity
derivatives $ 290 $ 228 $ (31) $ (6) $ 259 $ 222
Taxable fixed-income 243 130 63 71 306 201
Interest rate and
currency swaps 249 195 (10) (15) 239 180
Municipals 94 51 2 - 96 51
Foreign exchange and
commodities 32 11 (4) 1 28 12
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total $ 908 $ 615 $ 20 $ 51 $ 928 $ 666
====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ======
Six Months
- ----------
Equity and equity
derivatives $ 637 $ 393 $ (49) $ (31) $ 588 $ 362
Taxable fixed-income 509 294 116 150 625 444
Interest rate and
currency swaps 505 429 (12) (32) 493 397
Municipals 168 141 4 (1) 172 140
Foreign exchange and
commodities 72 32 (7) (2) 65 30
------ ------ ------ ----- ------ ------
Total $1,891 $1,289 $ 52 $ 84 $1,943 $1,373
====== ====== ====== ===== ====== ======
Equities and equity derivatives trading revenues were $290 million, up 27% from
the 1995 second quarter due principally to higher trading revenues in non-U.S.
and over-the-counter equities, partially offset by lower revenues from
convertible securities. International equities trading revenues benefited from
the addition of trading activity related to Smith New Court PLC ("Smith New
Court"), which was acquired in the third quarter of 1995. Over-the-counter
equity trading revenues rose due to increased client order flow. Convertible
securities revenues decreased as a result of lower trading volume.
Taxable fixed-income trading revenues increased to $243 million, up 88% from
the 1995 second quarter, primarily due to higher revenues from mortgage-backed
products, corporate bonds, and money market instruments. The increase in
mortgage-backed securities trading revenues was attributable to improved
liquidity and increased customer demand, compared with the year-ago period.
Trading revenues from corporate bonds advanced due primarily to higher demand
for U.S. and U.K. debt products. Trading revenues from money markets
instruments benefited from increased floating rate note activity in European
markets.
Interest rate and currency swap trading revenues increased 28% to $249 million
due to higher revenues from both U.S. dollar-denominated and non-U.S.
dollar-denominated transactions. Municipal securities trading revenues were up
83% from last year's second quarter to $94 million primarily due to increased
investor demand for tax-exempt investments. Foreign exchange and commodities
trading revenues, in the aggregate, rose to $32 million, up 183%
16
<PAGE>
from the 1995 second quarter. Strong customer activity fueled by increased
volatility in exchange rates led to higher foreign exchange trading revenues.
A summary of the Corporation's investment banking revenues follows:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
------------------------ -------------------------
(In millions) June 28, June 30, % June 28, June 30, %
- ------------- 1996 1995 Incr. 1996 1995 Incr.
---------------- ----- ---------------- -----
Underwriting $469 $251 87% $762 $413 85%
Strategic services 111 84 32 196 171 14
---- ---- ---- ----
Total $580 $335 73 $958 $584 64
==== ==== ==== ====
Underwriting and strategic services revenues reached record levels, benefiting
from strong levels of equity and debt underwriting and mergers and acquisitions
activity industrywide. Common equity underwriting revenues, in particular,
more than doubled compared to both the 1995 second quarter and the 1996 first
quarter. Underwriting revenues from high-yield, mortgage- and asset-backed, and
other debt products also rose. The Corporation retained its position as top
underwriter of total debt and equity securities in the 1996 second quarter with
market shares of 16.1% in the U.S. and 12.8% globally, compared with 15.3% in
the U.S. and 12.2% globally in the 1995 second quarter, according to Securities
Data Co. ("SDC"). SDC statistics are based on full credit to the book manager.
Strategic services revenues advanced to a record, benefiting from strong merger
and acquisition activity and significant gains in market share. For
transactions completed during the 1996 second quarter, the Corporation was the
second-ranked advisor globally with a 21.1% market share, compared with the
fifth-ranked advisor globally and a 10.6% market share in last year's second
quarter, according to SDC. SDC data gives full credit to both target and
acquiring companies' advisors. In addition, the Corporation was the leading
advisor in announced U.S. and global mergers and acquisitions for the 1996
second quarter.
Increased transaction volumes as well as improved market shares for strategic
services led to higher investment banking revenues for the 1996 six-month
period. Revenues from equity, high-yield debt, and corporate bond and preferred
stock underwritings were approximately double those of the 1995 first half.
The Corporation retained its position as top underwriter of total debt and
equity securities, with U.S. and global year-to-date market shares of 16.1%
and 12.4%, respectively, according to SDC. These market shares were comparable
to those of the 1995 first half. Strategic services revenues benefited from
increased fees from mergers and acquisitions. The Corporation was the
third-ranked advisor globally on transactions completed during the 1996 first
half with a 15.0% market share, compared to an 8.8% market share as fifth-ranked
advisor in the 1995 first half, according to SDC.
The Corporation's asset management and portfolio service fees are summarized
below:
Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
------------------------ -----------------------
(In millions) June 28, June 30, % June 28, June 30, %
- ------------- 1996 1995 Incr. 1996 1995 Incr.
---------------- ----- ---------------- -----
Asset management $245 $209 17% $ 483 $410 18%
fees
Portfolio service 147 113 31 288 220 31
fees
Other fees 161 142 13 319 283 13
---- ---- ------ ----
Total $553 $464 19 $1,090 $913 19
==== ==== ====== ====
17
<PAGE>
Asset management fees, which include fees earned on mutual funds sponsored by
the Corporation and third parties, increased due primarily to strong inflows of
client assets. Total assets in worldwide private client accounts were a record
$756 billion at quarter-end, compared with $643 billion at the end of the 1995
second quarter and $732 billion at the end of the 1996 first quarter. Assets
under management by Merrill Lynch Asset Management were $207 billion at quarter-
end, compared with $180 billion a year ago and $208 billion at the end of the
1996 first quarter.
Portfolio service fees also benefited from inflows of client assets. Increases
in the number of accounts and asset levels led to higher fee revenues for both
Merrill Lynch Consults(Registered Trademark), a personalized portfolio
management service, and Asset Power(Registered Trademark), an asset-based fee
product.
Other revenues were $139 million, up 26% from $111 million in the 1995 second
quarter. The increase was primarily attributable to gains on sales from Real
Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit ("REMIC") transactions.
Non-interest expenses were $2.7 billion, up 29% from the 1995 second quarter.
The largest expense category, compensation and benefits expense, increased 33%
from the 1995 second quarter to $1.7 billion due to higher incentive and
production-related compensation as well as a 9% increase in the number of full-
time employees. Incentive compensation increased with improved profitability,
while production-related compensation was up due to heightened activity and
strong volumes in many businesses. Headcount increased by approximately 3,700
employees from the 1995 second quarter to approximately 47,000 at the end of the
1996 second quarter. Approximately half of the year-over-year increase resulted
from the addition of employees through business acquisitions, including Smith
New Court. Compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of net revenues
was 51.5%, compared with 51.3% in the year-ago period.
Non-interest expenses, excluding compensation and benefits, increased 21% to
$941 million. Communications and equipment rental expense increased 17% from
the 1995 second quarter to $137 million due to higher levels of business
activity and increased computer-related maintenance costs. Occupancy costs were
up 3% to $113 million because of international growth, including the addition of
Smith New Court facilities. Depreciation and amortization expense rose 11% from
the 1995 second quarter to $98 million due primarily to purchases of technology-
related equipment over the past year.
Professional fees increased 33% to $140 million primarily as a result of higher
systems development costs related to upgrading technology and processing
capabilities. Advertising and market development expense rose 30% to $124
million. Increased international travel and higher production-related
recognition programs and client promotion costs contributed to this advance.
Brokerage, clearing, and exchange fees were up 8% to $101 million, driven by
higher trading volume, particularly in international equity markets. Other
expenses totaled $228 million, up 37% from the 1995 second quarter, primarily
due to provisions related to various business activities and amortization of
goodwill related to Smith New Court.
Income tax expense was $265 million in the 1996 second quarter. The effective
tax rate in the 1996 second quarter was approximately 37.9%, compared with 39.1%
in the year-ago period. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily
attributable to lower state taxes and expanded international business
activities.
18
<PAGE>
For the 1996 first half, non-interest expenses increased 28% to $5.3 billion.
The largest expense category, compensation and benefits, was up 33% to $3.4
billion due to higher variable compensation related to increased profitability
and business volume. Compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of net
revenue was 51.7% in the 1996 first half versus 51.9% in the 1995 first half.
Other non-interest expenses increased 19% from the 1995 first half due primarily
to increased levels of global business activity, higher systems development
costs, provisions related to various business activities, and amortization of
goodwill.
LIQUIDITY AND LIABILITY MANAGEMENT
The primary objective of the Corporation's funding policies is to assure
liquidity at all times. There are three key elements to the Corporation's
liquidity strategy. The first element is to maintain alternative funding
sources such that all debt obligations maturing within one year, including
commercial paper, uncommitted bank loans, and the current portion of long-term
debt, can be funded when due without issuing new unsecured debt or liquidating
any business assets. The most significant alternative funding sources are the
proceeds from executing repurchase agreements and obtaining secured bank loans,
both principally employing unencumbered investment grade marketable securities.
Other alternative funding sources include liquidating cash equivalents;
securitizing additional home equity and other mortgage loan assets; and drawing
on committed, unsecured, revolving credit facilities ("Credit Facilities"),
which at June 28, 1996 totaled $6.0 billion and had not been drawn upon.
As an additional measure, the Corporation regularly reviews the level and mix of
its assets and liabilities to ascertain its ability to conduct core businesses
beyond one year without reliance on issuing new unsecured debt or drawing upon
Credit Facilities. The composition of the Corporation's asset mix provides a
great degree of flexibility in managing liquidity. The Corporation's liquidity
position is enhanced since a significant portion of the Corporation's assets
turn over frequently and is typically funded with liabilities whose cash-flow
characteristics closely match those of the assets. At June 28, 1996,
approximately 97% of the Corporation's assets were considered readily marketable
by management.
As part of the Corporation's overall liquidity program, its insurance
subsidiaries regularly review the funding requirements of their contractual
obligations for in-force, fixed-rate life insurance and annuity contracts and
expected future acquisition and maintenance expenses for all contracts. The
Corporation's insurance subsidiaries primarily market variable life insurance
and variable annuity products. These products are not subject to the interest
rate, asset/liability matching, and credit risks attributable to fixed-rate
products, thereby reducing the risk profile and liquidity demands on the
insurance subsidiaries. At June 28, 1996, approximately 88% of invested assets
of insurance subsidiaries were considered liquid by management.
The second element of the Corporation's liquidity strategy is to concentrate
general purpose borrowings at the Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. level, except where
tax regulations, time zone differences, or other business considerations make
this impractical. The benefits of this strategy are lower financing costs;
simplicity, control, and wider name recognition by creditors; and flexibility to
meet varying funding requirements within subsidiaries.
19
<PAGE>
The third element is to expand and diversify the Corporation's funding
instruments and its investor and creditor base. The Corporation's funding
programs benefit from the ability to market its debt instruments through its own
sales force to a large, diversified customer base. The Corporation maintains
strict concentration standards for short-term lenders, which include limits for
any single investor. Commercial paper remains the Corporation's major source of
short-term general purpose funding. Commercial paper outstanding totaled $18.4
billion at June 28, 1996 and $17.0 billion at December 29, 1995, which
represented 9% and 10% of total assets at second quarter-end 1996 and year-end
1995, respectively.
At June 28, 1996, total long-term debt was $22.6 billion, compared with $17.3
billion at year-end 1995. At July 31, 1996, the Corporation's senior long-term
debt was rated by seven recognized credit rating agencies, as follows:
Rating Agency Rating
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Duff & Phelps Credit Rating Co. (1) AA
Fitch Investors Service, L.P. AA
IBCA Ltd. AA-
Japan Bond Research Institute AA
Moody's Investors Service, Inc. A1
Standard & Poor's Ratings Group A+
Thomson BankWatch, Inc. AA
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Upgraded from AA- in July 1996.
During the first six months of 1996, the Corporation issued $8.9 billion in
long-term debt. During the same period, maturities and repurchases were $3.5
billion. In addition, approximately $450 million of the Corporation's long-term
debt securities held in inventory by subsidiaries were sold and $346 million
were purchased. At June 28, 1996, $17.2 billion of term debt had maturity dates
beyond one year.
Approximately $45.2 billion of the Corporation's indebtedness at June 28, 1996
was considered senior indebtedness as defined under various indentures.
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND CAPITAL ADEQUACY
The Corporation remains one of the most highly capitalized institutions whose
business is primarily in the securities industry. The Corporation had an
equity base of $6.5 billion at June 28, 1996, including approximately $5.9
billion in common equity, supplemented by $619 million in preferred stock.
The Corporation reacquired 10.6 million shares of its common stock in the first
six months of 1996, compared with 12.9 million shares in the corresponding 1995
period.
20
<PAGE>
The Corporation's leverage ratios were as follows:
ADJUSTED
LEVERAGE LEVERAGE
RATIO(1) RATIO(2)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Period-end
June 28, 1996 31.5x 19.8x
December 29, 1995 28.8x 18.2x
Average (3)
Six months ended
June 28, 1996 33.5x 20.2x
Year ended
December 29, 1995 32.7x 19.5x
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Ratio of total assets to total stockholders' equity.
(2) Ratio of total assets, less resale agreements and securities borrowed, to
total stockholders' equity.
(3) Computed using month-end balances.
The Corporation operates in many regulated businesses that require various
minimum levels of capital to conduct business. (See Regulatory Requirements Note
to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Unaudited.) The Corporation's broker-
dealer, banking, insurance, and Futures Commission Merchant activities are
subject to regulatory requirements that may restrict the free flow of funds to
affiliates. Regulatory approval is required for payment of dividends in excess
of certain established levels, making affiliated investments, and entering into
management and service agreements with affiliated companies.
The Corporation's overall capital needs are continually reviewed to ensure that
its capital base can support the estimated risks of its businesses as well as
the regulatory and legal capital requirements of subsidiaries. Based upon these
analyses, management believes that the Corporation's equity base is adequate.
ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
The Corporation manages its balance sheet and risk limits according to market
conditions and business needs, subject to profitability and control of risk.
Asset and liability levels are primarily determined by order flow and fluctuate
daily, sometimes significantly, depending upon volume and demand. The liquidity
and maturity characteristics of assets and liabilities are monitored
continually. The Corporation monitors and manages the change in its balance
sheet using average daily balances. Average daily balances are derived from the
Corporation's management information system, which summarizes balances on a
settlement date basis. Financial statement balances, as required under
generally accepted accounting principles, are recorded on a trade date basis.
The discussion that follows compares the changes in settlement date average
daily balances, not quarter-end balances.
For the first six months of 1996, average daily assets were $203 billion, up 3%
versus $197 billion in the 1995 fourth quarter. Average daily liabilities rose
3% to $197 billion from $191 billion for the 1995 fourth quarter.
21
<PAGE>
The major components in the growth of average daily assets and liabilities are
summarized as follows:
Increase in
(In millions) Average Assets Percent Increase
- ------------- ---------------------- -----------------
Resale agreements and
securities borrowed $6,462 8%
Increase in
Average Liabilities Percent Increase
---------------------- ----------------
Repurchase agreements and
securities loaned $3,075 4%
Long-term borrowings $2,950 17%
In managing its balance sheet, the Corporation strives to match-fund its
interest-earning assets with interest-bearing liabilities having similar
maturities and cash flow characteristics, such as repurchase and resale
agreements. In the 1996 period, repurchase and securities loaned transactions
and resale and securities borrowed transactions rose as a result of an increase
in match-funded activity involving primarily U.S. Government and agencies
securities. In addition, resale and securities borrowed transactions increased
to facilitate security deliveries to customers.
The Corporation's assets, based on liquidity and maturity characteristics, are
funded through diversified sources which include repurchase agreements,
commercial paper and other short-term borrowings, long-term borrowings, and
equity. A portion of the 1996 first half increase in average assets was funded
through an increase in long-term borrowings, which included medium-term notes.
NON-INVESTMENT GRADE HOLDINGS AND HIGHLY LEVERAGED TRANSACTIONS
In the normal course of business, the Corporation underwrites, trades, and holds
non-investment grade securities in connection with its investment banking,
market making, and derivative structuring activities. During the past three
years, the Corporation has increased its non-investment grade trading
inventories to satisfy client demand for higher-yielding investments, including
emerging market and other international securities.
Non-investment grade securities have been defined as debt and preferred equity
securities rated as BB+ or lower, or equivalent ratings by recognized credit
rating agencies, certain sovereign debt in emerging markets, amounts due under
various derivative contracts from non-investment grade counterparties, and other
instruments that, in the opinion of management, are non-investment grade. At
June 28, 1996, long and short non-investment grade inventories accounted for
9.0% of aggregate consolidated trading inventories, compared with 6.3% at year-
end 1995. Non-investment grade trading inventories are carried at fair value.
The Corporation provides financing and advisory services to, and invests in,
companies entering into leveraged transactions, which may include leveraged
buyouts, recapitalizations, and mergers and acquisitions. The Corporation
provides extensions of credit to leveraged companies in the form of senior and
subordinated debt, as well as bridge financing on a select and limited basis. In
addition, the Corporation syndicates loans for non-investment grade
counterparties or in connection with highly leveraged transactions. The
22
<PAGE>
Corporation may retain a residual portion of these syndicated loans. A $90
million bridge loan outstanding on March 29, 1996 was repaid during the 1996
second quarter, and a $100 million bridge loan commitment made after March 29,
1996 was canceled before June 28, 1996. Subsequent to June 28, 1996, the
Corporation entered into a bridge loan commitment for $135 million to a non-
investment grade counterparty. The Corporation intends to syndicate the loan,
if extended, and may retain a residual portion.
The Corporation holds direct equity investments in leveraged companies and
interests in partnerships that invest in leveraged transactions. The
Corporation has also committed to participate in limited partnerships that
invest in leveraged transactions. Future commitments to participate in limited
partnerships and other direct equity investments will be determined on a select
and limited basis.
Investment in non-investment grade securities and involvement in highly
leveraged transactions subject the Corporation to additional risks related to
the creditworthiness of the issuers and the liquidity of the market for such
securities. The Corporation recognizes such risks and, whenever possible,
employs strategies to mitigate exposures.
The specific components and overall level of non-investment grade and highly
leveraged positions may vary significantly from period to period as a result of
inventory turnover, investment sales, and asset redeployment. The Corporation
continually monitors credit risk by individual issuer and industry
concentration.
In certain instances, the Corporation engages in hedging strategies to reduce
its exposure associated with owning a non-investment grade position by selling
short the related equity security or by entering into an offsetting derivative
contract. The Corporation also uses certain non-investment grade trading
inventories, principally non-U.S. governments and agencies securities, to hedge
the exposure arising from structured derivative transactions. Collateral,
consisting principally of U.S. Government securities, may be obtained to reduce
credit risk related to these transactions.
The Corporation's insurance subsidiaries hold non-investment grade securities.
As a percentage of total insurance investments, non-investment grade securities
were 5.0%, compared with 4.2% at year-end 1995. Non-investment grade securities
of insurance subsidiaries are classified as available-for-sale and are carried
at fair value.
23
<PAGE>
A summary of the Corporation's non-investment grade holdings and highly
leveraged transactions follows:
JUNE 28, DECEMBER 29,
(In millions) 1996 1995
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
Trading assets $8,452 $5,489
Trading liabilities 1,282 353
Insurance subsidiaries' investments 269 234
Loans (net of allowance for
loan losses) (1) 293 489
Equity investments (2) 161 211
Partnership interests 79 91
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
Additional commitments to invest in
partnerships $ 80 $ 79
Unutilized revolving lines of
credit and other lending
commitments 117 127
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Represented outstanding loans to 37 and 30 medium-sized companies at June
28, 1996 and December 29, 1995, respectively.
(2) Invested in 62 enterprises at both June 28, 1996 and December 29, 1995.
At June 28, 1996, the largest non-investment grade concentration consisted of
various sovereign and corporate issues of a South American country totaling $861
million, which primarily represented hedges of other financial instruments. No
one industry sector accounted for more than 27% of total non-investment grade
positions. Included in the preceding table are debt and equity securities of
issuers in various stages of bankruptcy proceedings or in default. At June 28,
1996, the carrying value of these securities totaled $140 million, of which 70%
resulted from the Corporation's market making activities in such securities.
24
<PAGE>
Statistical Data
Selected statistical data for the last five quarters is presented below for
informational purposes:
<TABLE><CAPTION>
2nd Qtr. 3rd Qtr. 4th Qtr. 1st Qtr. 2nd Qtr.
1995 1995 1995 1996 1996
-------- -------- -------- -------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
PRIVATE CLIENT ACCOUNTS
(IN BILLIONS):
Assets in Worldwide
Private Client Accounts $ 643 $ 675 $ 703 $ 732 $ 756
Assets in U.S. Private
Client Accounts $ 608 $ 639 $ 665 $ 692 $ 714
Assets under Professional
Management:
Money Markets $ 76 $ 80 $ 82 $ 89 $ 84
Equities 42 44 47 51 53
Fixed Income 38 39 41 41 41
Private Portfolio 20 22 22 23 25
Insurance 4 4 4 4 4
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Subtotal 180 189 196 208 207
ML Consults 16 17 17 18 19
Mutual Fund Advisor and
Asset Power 4 5 6 7 7
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total $ 200 $ 211 $ 219 $ 233 $ 233
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
UNDERWRITING
(DOLLARS IN BILLIONS)(A):
Global Debt and Equity:
Volume $ 33 $ 41 $ 45 $ 45 $ 47
Market Share 12.2% 14.4% 15.3% 11.9% 12.8%
U.S. Debt and Equity:
Volume $ 28 $ 34 $ 40 $ 39 $ 39
Market Share 15.3% 17.5% 20.6% 16.0% 16.1%
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES:
U.S. 38,200 38,900 39,250 39,400 39,900
International 5,100 6,500 6,750 7,000 7,100
-------- ------- -------- -------- --------
TOTAL 43,300 45,400 46,000 46,400 47,000
======== ======= ======== ======== ========
Financial Consultants and
Account Executives Worldwide 13,600 13,700 13,800 13,700 13,800
Support Personnel to
Producer ratio (b) 1.41 1.38 1.43 1.46 1.47
INCOME STATEMENT:
Net Earnings (in millions) $ 283 $ 300 $ 303 $ 409 $ 433
Annualized Return on Average
Common Stockholders' Equity 21.0% 21.5% 21.1% 28.2% 29.2%
Earnings per Common Share:
Primary $1.40 $1.47 $1.49 $2.03 $2.19
Fully Diluted $1.39 $1.46 $1.49 $2.03 $2.19
BALANCE SHEET (IN MILLIONS):
Total Assets $174,853 $185,473 $176,857 $195,884 $205,175
Total Stockholders' Equity $ 5,883 $ 6,077 $ 6,141 $ 6,364 $ 6,514
SHARE INFORMATION (IN THOUSANDS):
Weighted Average Shares
Outstanding:
Primary 193,267 196,395 195,148 196,225 192,933
Fully Diluted 195,159 197,157 195,148 196,225 192,933
Common Shares Outstanding (c) 175,460 175,501 171,388 173,040 168,924
Shares Repurchased 3,590 1,720 5,362 4,543 6,060
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
(a) Full credit to book manager. All market share data are derived from
Securities Data Co.
(b) Support personnel includes sales assistants.
(c) Does not include 4,809, 4,375, 4,013, 2,895 and 2,529 unallocated
reversion shares held in the Employee Stock Ownership Plan at June 30, 1995
September 29, 1995, December 29, 1995, March 29, 1996, and June 28, 1996,
respectively, which are not considered outstanding for accounting purposes.
25
<PAGE>
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
---------------------------
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
-----------------
Since the filing of the Corporation's 1995 Form 10-K and of the Corporation's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 29, 1996 (the "First
Quarter 1996 10-Q"), the following events have taken place with respect to
several of the actions reported therein. Capitalized terms used herein without
definition have the meanings set forth in the 1995 10-K.
Orange County Litigation. In the DeLeon Action, the Superior Court for the
- -------------------------
State of California, Orange County, entered an order on May 10, 1996 staying the
action pending final resolution of the Orange County Action.
In the Atascadero Federal Court Action and the Atascadero State Court Action,
the two employees of the Corporation who were added as defendants in the amended
complaints were dismissed as defendants without prejudice on May 15, 1996, and
July 5, 1996, respectively.
Pittleman Action. The Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County,
- -----------------
dismissed this action on July 2, 1996.
GSLIC Litigation. On July 12, 1996, plaintiffs in the Receiver Action entered a
- -----------------
stipulation of discontinuance with prejudice with respect to all claims asserted
against all defendants, including the Merrill Lynch defendants.
NASDAQ Antitrust Litigation. On July 17, 1996 the Antitrust Division of the
- ---------------------------
United State Department of Justice filed a civil antitrust complaint against
firms that make markets in NASDAQ securities, including Merrill Lynch, Pierce,
Fenner & Smith Incorporated. The complaint alleged that the firms violated
Section 1 of the Sherman Act through a "common understanding" to follow a
"quoting convention" that the complaint asserts had inflated the "inside spread"
(the difference between the best quoted buying price and the best quoted selling
price on NASDAQ) in certain NASDAQ stocks. This allegedly resulted in investors
having to pay higher transaction costs for buying and selling stocks than they
would have paid otherwise. At the same time the complaint was filed, a proposed
settlement of the action was announced, pursuant to which the market maker
defendants in the action have agreed not to engage in certain conduct. The
proposed settlement, which is subject to court approval, provides, among other
things, for the monitoring and tape recording by each of the market maker
defendants of not less than 3.5 percent, or a maximum of 70 hours per week, of
telephone conversations by its over-the-counter desk traders; the provision to
the Department of Justice of any taped conversation that may violate the terms
of the settlement; and for Department of Justice representatives to appear
unannounced, during regular business hours, for the purpose of monitoring trader
conversations as the conversations occur.
For more detailed information regarding litigation matters involving the
Corporation, see "Item 3. - Legal Proceedings" in the 1995 10-K.
26
<PAGE>
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
----------------------------------------------------
On April 16, 1996, the Corporation held its Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
Further details concerning matters submitted for vote of security holders can be
found in the Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
March 29, 1996.
Item 5. Other Information
-----------------
Effective July 22, 1996, the Board of Directors of the Corporation amended the
Corporation's By-Laws. The principal change was to require that advance written
notice (in most cases, 50 days) be given to the Secretary of the Corporation by
stockholders wishing to, at any stockholders' meeting, offer for stockholder
vote a proposal otherwise appropriate for stockholder action.
A copy of the Corporation's By-Laws, as amended, is filed as Exhibit 3(i) under
item 6(a).
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
--------------------------------
(a) Exhibits
(3) Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws
(i) By-Laws of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., effective as of July 22,
1996
(4) Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including
indentures:
Pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K, the Corporation
hereby undertakes to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission
(the "Commission"), upon request, copies of the instruments defining
the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of the Corporation
that authorize an amount of securities constituting 10% or less of the
total assets of the Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated
basis.
(11) Statement re: computation of per common share earnings.
(12) Statement re: computation of ratios.
(15) Letter re: unaudited interim financial information.
(27) Financial Data Schedule.
27
<PAGE>
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
The following Current Reports on Form 8-K were filed by the Corporation
with the Commission during the quarterly period covered by this Report:
(i) Current Report dated April 1, 1996 for the purpose of filing the form
of Registrant's 6 1/2% Notes due April 1, 2001.
(ii) Current Report dated April 15, 1995 for the purpose of filing the
Preliminary Unaudited Earnings Summary of the Corporation for the
three-month period ended March 29, 1996.
(iii) Current Report dated May 1, 1996 for the purpose of filing the
Preliminary Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheet of the Corporation
as of March 29, 1996.
(iv) Current Report dated May 13, 1996 for the purpose of filing the form
of Registrant's S&P 500 Market Index Target-Term Securities due May
10, 2001.
(v) Current Report dated May 15, 1996 for the purpose of filing the form
of Registrant's 7 3/8% Notes due May 15, 2006.
(vi) Current Report dated May 28, 1996 for the purpose of filing the form
of Registrant's 6% STRYPES due June 1, 1999 Payable with Shares of
Common Stock of Cox Communications, Inc. (as amended by an 8-K/A
dated June 7, 1996).
28
<PAGE>
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC.
---------------------------
(Registrant)
Date: August 9, 1996 By: /s/ Joseph T. Willett
-------------------------------
Joseph T. Willett
Senior Vice President
Chief Financial Officer
29
<PAGE>
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibits
3(i) By-Laws of Merrill Lynch & Co., effective as of July 22, 1996.
11 Statement re: Computation of per common share earnings.
12 Statement re: computation of ratios.
15 Letter re: unaudited interim financial information.
27 Financial Data Schedule.
Exhibit 3(i)
================================================================================
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BY-LAWS
OF
MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC.
---------------
Effective July 22, 1996
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
================================================================================
<PAGE>
INDEX
to
BY-LAWS
of
MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC.
PAGE
ARTICLE I - OFFICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ARTICLE II - MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. Annual Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section 2. Special Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section 3. Notice of, and Business at, Meetings . . . . . 1
Section 4. Waiver of Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section 5. Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section 6. Inspectors of Election . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section 7. Stockholders Entitled to Vote . . . . . . . . . 4
Section 8. Quorum and Adjournment . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Section 9. Order of Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Section 10. Vote of Stockholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Section 11. Shares Entitled to More or Less Than One Vote . 5
ARTICLE III - BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1. Election and Term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Section 2. Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Section 3. Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Section 4. General Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Section 5. Place of Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Section 6. Organization Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Section 7. Regular Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Section 8. Special Meetings; Notice and Waiver of Notice . 6
Section 9. Organization of Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 10. Quorum and Manner of Acting . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 11. Voting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 12. Action without a Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . 7
<PAGE>
ii
PAGE
Section 13. Resignations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Section 14. Removal of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Section 15. Vacancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Section 16. Directors' Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ARTICLE IV - COMMITTEES
Section 1. Constitution and Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Section 2. Place of Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Section 3. Meetings; Notice and Waiver of Notice . . . . . 9
Section 4. Organization of Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Section 5. Quorum and Manner of Acting . . . . . . . . . . 9
Section 6. Voting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Section 7. Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Section 8. Vacancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Section 9. Members' Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Section 10. Emergency Management Committee . . . . . . . . 10
ARTICLE V - THE OFFICERS
Section 1. Officers - Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section 2. Term of Office; Vacancies . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section 3. Removal of Elected Officers . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section 4. Resignations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section 5. Officers Holding More Than One Office . . . . . 11
Section 6. The Chairman of the Board . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section 7. The President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Section 8. The Vice Chairmen of the Board . . . . . . . . 12
Section 9. The Executive Vice Presidents . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 10. The Senior Vice Presidents . . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 11. The Vice Presidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 12. The Secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 13. The Treasurer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 14. Additional Duties and Authority . . . . . . . . 14
Section 15. Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
<PAGE>
iii
PAGE
ARTICLE VI - STOCK AND TRANSFERS OF STOCK
Section 1. Stock Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Section 2. Transfers of Stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Section 3. Lost Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Section 4. Determination of Holders of Record for Certain
Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ARTICLE VII - CORPORATE SEAL
Section 1. Seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Section 2. Affixing and Attesting . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ARTICLE VIII - MISCELLANEOUS
Section 1. Fiscal Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Section 2. Signatures on Negotiable Instruments . . . . . 15
Section 3. References to Article and Section Numbers and
to the By-Laws and the Certificate of
Incorporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
ARTICLE IX - AMENDMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
<PAGE>
BY-LAWS
OF
MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC.
----------------
ARTICLE I.
OFFICES
Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. (hereinafter called the "Corporation") may
establish or discontinue, from time to time, such offices and places of business
within or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may deem
proper for the conduct of the Corporation's business.
ARTICLE II.
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the holders of shares
of such classes or series of stock as are entitled to notice thereof and to vote
thereat pursuant to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation
(hereinafter called the "Annual Meeting of Stockholders") for the purpose of
electing directors and transacting such other business as may come before it
shall be held in each year at such time, on such day and at such place, within
or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated by the Board of
Directors.
Section 2. Special Meetings. In addition to such meetings as are
provided for by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, special meetings of
the holders of any class or series or of all classes or series of the
Corporation's stock may be called at any time by the Board of Directors pursuant
to a resolution adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire
Board of Directors and may be held at such time, on such day and at such place,
within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated by the Board of
Directors.
Section 3. Notice of, and Business at, Meetings.
a. Notice. Except as otherwise provided by law, written notice of each
meeting of stockholders shall be given either by delivering a notice personally
or mailing a notice to each stockholder of record entitled to vote thereat. If
mailed, the notice shall be directed to the stockholder in a postage-prepaid
envelope at his address as it appears on the stock books of the Corporation
unless, prior to the time of mailing, he shall have filed with the Secretary a
written request that notices intended for him be mailed to some other address,
in which case it shall be mailed to the address designated in such request.
Notice of each meeting of stockholders shall be in such form as is approved by
the Board of Directors and shall state the purpose or purposes for which the
meeting is
<PAGE>
called, the date and time when and the place where it is to be held, and shall
be delivered personally or mailed not more than sixty (60) days and not less
than ten (10) days before the day of the meeting. Except as otherwise provided
by law, the business which may be transacted at any special meeting of
stockholders shall consist of and be limited to the purpose or purposes so
stated in such notice. The Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Transfer
Agent of the Corporation shall, after giving such notice, make an affidavit
stating that notice has been given, which shall be filed with the minutes of
such meeting.
b. Business. No business may be transacted at an annual meeting of
stockholders, other than business that is either (a) specified in the notice of
meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (b) otherwise properly
brought before the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (c) otherwise properly
brought before the annual meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation who (i)
is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for
in this Section 3(b) and on the record date for the determination of
stockholders entitled to vote at such annual meeting and (ii) complies with the
notice procedures set forth in this Section 3(b).
In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be
properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder
must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of
the Corporation.
To be timely, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must be delivered
to or mailed and received by the Secretary of the Corporation not less than
fifty (50) days prior to the date of the annual meeting of stockholders;
provided, that in the event that less than 60 days' notice or prior public
- --------
disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or made to stockholders, notice
by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the
close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice
of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the
date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first occurs.
To be in proper written form, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary
must set forth as to each matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the
annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought
before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the
annual meeting, (ii) the name and record address of such stockholder, (iii) the
class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which
are owned beneficially or of record by such stockholder, (iv) a description of
all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and any other person
or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such
business by such stockholder and any material interest of such stockholder in
such business and (v) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear
in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the
meeting.
2
<PAGE>
No business shall be conducted at the annual meeting of stockholders
except business brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the
procedures set forth in this Section 3(b), provided, however, that, once
-------- -------
business has been properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with
such procedures, nothing in this Section 3(b) shall be deemed to preclude
discussion by any stockholder of any such business. If the Chairman of an
annual meeting determines that business was not properly brought before the
annual meeting in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the Chairman shall
declare to the meeting that the business was not properly brought before the
meeting and such business shall not be transacted.
Section 4. Waiver of Notice. Whenever notice is required to be given
under any provision of law or of the Certificate of Incorporation or the By-
Laws, a waiver thereof in writing or by telegraph, cable or other form of
recorded communication, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before
or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice.
Attendance of a person at a meeting of stockholders shall constitute a waiver of
notice of such meeting, except when the person attends such meeting for the
express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the
transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any
meeting of stockholders need be specified in any waiver of notice unless so
required by the Certificate of Incorporation.
Section 5. Organization. The Chairman of the Board shall act as chairman
at all meetings of stockholders at which he is present, and as such chairman
shall call such meetings of stockholders to order and preside thereat. If the
Chairman of the Board shall be absent from any meeting of stockholders, the
duties otherwise provided in this Section 5 of Article II to be performed by him
at such meeting shall be performed at such meeting by the officer prescribed by
Section 6 of Article V. The Secretary of the Corporation shall act as secretary
at all meetings of the stockholders, but in his absence the chairman of the
meeting may appoint any person present to act as secretary of the meeting.
Section 6. Inspectors of Election. a. The Chairman of the Board shall, in
advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at
the meeting and make a written report thereof. The Chairman of the Board may
designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector
who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of
stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more
inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the
discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the
duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his
ability.
b. The inspectors shall: (1) ascertain the number of shares outstanding
and the voting power of each; (2) determine the shares represented at a meeting
and the validity of proxies and ballots; (3) count all votes and ballots; (4)
determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any
challenges made to any determination by the inspectors; and (5) certify their
determination of the number of
3
<PAGE>
shares represented at the meeting, and their count of all votes and ballots.
The inspectors may appoint or retain other persons or entities to assist the
inspectors in the performance of their duties.
Section 7. Stockholders Entitled to Vote. The Board of Directors may fix
a date not more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days prior to the
date of any meeting of stockholders, as a record date for the determination of
the stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting and any
adjournment thereof, and in such case such stockholders and only such
stockholders as shall be stockholders of record on the date so fixed shall be
entitled to notice of, and to vote at, such meeting and any adjournment thereof,
notwithstanding any transfer of any stock on the books of the Corporation after
any such record date fixed as aforesaid. No record date shall precede the date
on which the Board of Directors establishes such record date. The Secretary
shall prepare and make or cause to be prepared and made, at least ten (10) days
before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders
entitled to vote at such meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the
address of each such stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name
of each such stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any
stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business
hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a
place, specified in the notice of the meeting, within the city where the meeting
is to be held, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be
held. Such list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting
during the whole time thereof, and subject to the inspection of any stockholder
who may be present.
Section 8. Quorum and Adjournment. Except as otherwise provided by law
or by the Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of a majority of the shares
of stock entitled to vote at the meeting present in person or by proxy without
regard to class or series shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the
stockholders. In the absence of a quorum, the holders of a majority of such
shares of stock present in person or by proxy may adjourn any meeting, from time
to time, until a quorum shall be present. At any such adjourned meeting at
which a quorum may be present, any business may be transacted which might have
been transacted at the meeting as originally called. No notice of any adjourned
meeting need be given other than by announcement at the meeting that is being
adjourned, provided that if the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days,
or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned
meeting, then a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each
stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
Section 9. Order of Business. The order of business at all meetings of
stockholders shall be as determined by the chairman of the meeting.
Section 10. Vote of Stockholders. Except as otherwise required by law
or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by the By-Laws, all action by
stockholders shall be taken at a stockholders' meeting. Every stockholder of
record, as determined pursuant to Section 7 of this Article II, and who is
entitled to vote, shall, except as otherwise expressly provided in the
Certificate of Incorporation with respect to any class or series
4
<PAGE>
of the Corporation's capital stock, be entitled at every meeting of the
stockholders to one vote for every share of stock standing in his name on the
books of the Corporation. Every stockholder entitled to vote may authorize
another person or persons to act for him by proxy duly appointed by an
instrument in writing, subscribed by such stockholder and executed not more than
three (3) years prior to the meeting, unless the instrument provides for a
longer period. The attendance at any meeting of stockholders of a stockholder
who may theretofore have given a proxy shall not have the effect of revoking
such proxy. Election of directors shall be by written ballot but, unless
otherwise provided by law, no vote on any question upon which a vote of the
stockholders may be taken need be by ballot unless the chairman of the meeting
shall determine that it shall be by ballot or the holders of a majority of the
shares of stock present in person or by proxy and entitled to participate in
such vote shall so demand. In a vote by ballot each ballot shall state the
number of shares voted and the name of the stockholder or proxy voting. Except
as otherwise provided in Sections 14 and 15 of Article III or by the Certificate
of Incorporation, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the
shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to
vote on the election of directors. Except as otherwise provided by law or by
the Certificate of Incorporation, the affirmative vote of a majority of shares
present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on
the subject shall be the act of the stockholders.
Section 11. Shares Entitled to More or Less than One Vote. If any class
or series of the Corporation's capital stock shall be entitled to more or less
than one vote for any share, on any matter, every reference in the By-Laws to a
majority or other proportion of stock shall refer to such majority or other
proportion of the votes of such stock.
ARTICLE III.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section 1. Election and Term. Except as otherwise provided by law or by
the Certificate of Incorporation, and subject to the provisions of Sections 13,
14 and 15 of this Article III, directors shall be elected at the Annual Meeting
of Stockholders to serve until the Annual Meeting of Stockholders in the third
year following their election and until their successors are elected and qualify
or until their earlier resignation or removal.
Section 2. Qualification. No one shall be a director who is not the
owner of shares of Common Stock of the Corporation. Acceptance of the office of
director may be expressed orally or in writing.
Section 3. Number. The number of directors may be fixed from time to
time by resolution of the Board of Directors but shall not be less than three
(3) nor more than thirty (30).
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Section 4. General Powers. The business, properties and affairs of the
Corporation shall be managed by, or under the direction of, the Board of
Directors, which, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, shall have
power to elect and appoint officers of the Corporation, to appoint and direct
agents, to grant general or limited authority to officers, employees and agents
of the Corporation to make, execute and deliver contracts and other instruments
and documents in the name and on behalf of the Corporation and over its seal,
without specific authority in each case, and, by resolution adopted by a
majority of the whole Board of Directors, to appoint committees of the Board of
Directors in addition to those appointed pursuant to Article IV hereof, the
membership of which may consist of one or more directors, and which may advise
the Board of Directors with respect to any matters relating to the conduct of
the Corporation's business. The Board of Directors may designate one or more
directors as alternate members of any committee, including those appointed
pursuant to Article IV hereof, who may replace any absent or disqualified member
at any meeting of the committee. In addition, the Board of Directors may
exercise all the powers of the Corporation and do all lawful acts and things
which are not reserved to the stockholders by law or by the Certificate of
Incorporation.
Section 5. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the Board of Directors may be
held at any place, within or without the State of Delaware, from time to time
designated by the Board of Directors.
Section 6. Organization Meeting. A newly elected Board of Directors
shall meet and organize, and also may transact any other business which might be
transacted at a regular meeting thereof, as soon as practicable after each
Annual Meeting of Stockholders, at the place at which such meeting of
stockholders took place, without notice of such meeting, provided a majority of
the whole Board of Directors is present. If such a majority is not present,
such organization meeting may be held at any other time or place which may be
specified in a notice given in the manner provided in Section 8 of this Article
III for special meetings of the Board of Directors, or in a waiver of notice
thereof.
Section 7. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors
shall be held at such times as may be determined by resolution of the Board of
Directors and no notice shall be required for any regular meeting. Except as
otherwise provided by law, any business may be transacted at any regular meeting
of the Board of Directors.
Section 8. Special Meetings; Notice and Waiver of Notice. Special
meetings of the Board of Directors shall be called by the Secretary on the
request of the Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice Chairman of the
Board, or on the request in writing of any three other directors stating the
purpose or purposes of such meeting. Notice of any special meeting shall be in
form approved by the Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice Chairman of
the Board, as the case may be. Notices of special meetings shall be mailed to
each director, addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business, not
later than two (2) days before the day on which the meeting is to be held, or
shall be sent to him at such place by telegraph, cable or other form of recorded
communication or be delivered personally or by telephone, not later than the
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day before such day of meeting. Notice of any meeting of the Board of Directors
need not be given to any director if he shall sign a written waiver thereof
either before or after the time stated therein, or if he shall attend a meeting,
except when he attends such meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the
beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting
is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at,
nor the purpose of, any special meeting of the Board of Directors need be
specified in any notice or written waiver of notice unless so required by the
Certificate of Incorporation or by the By-Laws. Unless limited by law, by the
Certificate of Incorporation or by the By-Laws, any and all business may be
transacted at any special meeting.
Section 9. Organization of Meetings. The Chairman of the Board shall
preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors at which he is present. If
the Chairman of the Board shall be absent from any meeting of the Board of
Directors, the duties otherwise provided in this Section 9 of Article III to be
performed by him at such meeting shall be performed at such meeting by the
officer prescribed by Section 6 of Article V. If no such officer is present at
such meeting, one of the directors present shall be chosen by the members of the
Board of Directors present to preside at such meeting. The Secretary of the
Corporation shall act as the secretary at all meetings of the Board of
Directors, and in his absence a temporary secretary shall be appointed by the
chairman of the meeting.
Section 10. Quorum and Manner of Acting. Except as otherwise provided by
Section 6 of this Article III, at every meeting of the Board of Directors one-
third (1/3) of the total number of directors constituting the whole Board of
Directors shall constitute a quorum but in no event shall a quorum be
constituted by less than two (2) directors. Except as otherwise provided by law
or by the Certificate of Incorporation, or by Section 15 of this Article III, or
by Section 1 or Section 8 of Article IV, or by Section 3 of Article V, or by
Article IX, the act of a majority of the directors present at any such meeting,
at which a quorum is present, shall be the act of the Board of Directors. In
the absence of a quorum, a majority of the directors present may adjourn any
meeting, from time to time, until a quorum is present. No notice of any
adjourned meeting need be given other than by announcement at the meeting that
is being adjourned. Members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof
may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or of such committee by
means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of
which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and
participation by a member of the Board of Directors in a meeting pursuant to
this Section 10 of Article III shall constitute his presence in person at such
meeting.
Section 11. Voting. On any question on which the Board of Directors
shall vote, the names of those voting and their votes shall be entered in the
minutes of the meeting if any member of the Board of Directors so requests at
the time.
Section 12. Action without a Meeting. Except as otherwise provided by
law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to
be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof
may be taken without a
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meeting, if prior to such action all members of the Board of Directors or of
such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing
or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors
or the committee.
Section 13. Resignations. Any director may resign at any time upon
written notice of resignation to the Corporation. Any resignation shall be
effective immediately unless a date certain is specified for it to take effect,
in which event it shall be effective upon such date, and acceptance of any
resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective, irrespective of whether
the resignation is tendered subject to such acceptance.
Section 14. Removal of Directors. Subject to the rights of the holders
of any series of Preferred Stock or any other class of capital stock of the
Corporation (other than the Common Stock) then outstanding, (i) any director, or
the entire Board of Directors, may be removed from office at any time, but only
for cause, by the affirmative vote of the holders of record of outstanding
shares representing at least 80% of the voting power of all the shares of
capital stock of the Corporation then entitled to vote generally in the election
of directors, voting together as a single class, and (ii) any director may be
removed from office at any time, but only for cause, by the affirmative vote of
a majority of the entire Board of Directors.
Section 15. Vacancies. Subject to the rights of the holders of any
series of Preferred Stock or any other class of capital stock of the Corporation
(other than the Common Stock) then outstanding, any vacancies in the Board of
Directors for any reason, including by reason of any increase in the number of
directors, shall, if occurring prior to the expiration of the term of office of
the class in which such vacancy occurs, be filled only by the Board of
Directors, acting by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining
directors then in office, although less than a quorum, and any directors so
elected shall hold office until the next election of the class for which such
directors have been elected and until their successors are elected and qualify.
Section 16. Directors' Compensation. Any and all directors may receive
such reasonable compensation for their services as such, whether in the form of
salary or a fixed fee for attendance at meetings, with expenses, if any, as the
Board of Directors may from time to time determine. Nothing herein contained
shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any
other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
ARTICLE IV.
COMMITTEES
Section 1. Constitution and Powers. The Board of Directors may, by
resolution adopted by affirmative vote of a majority of the whole Board of
Directors, appoint one or more committees of the Board of Directors, which
committees shall have such powers and duties as the Board of Directors shall
properly determine. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, no
such other committee of the Board of Directors shall be composed of fewer than
two (2) directors.
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Section 2. Place of Meetings. Meetings of any committee of the Board of
Directors may be held at any place, within or without the State of Delaware,
from time to time designated by the Board of Directors or such committee.
Section 3. Meetings; Notice and Waiver of Notice. Regular meetings of
any committee of the Board of Directors shall be held at such times as may be
determined by resolution either of the Board of Directors or of such committee
and no notice shall be required for any regular meeting. Special meetings of
any committee shall be called by the secretary thereof upon request of any two
members thereof. Notice of any special meeting of any committee shall be in
form approved by the Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice Chairman of
the Board, as the case may be. Notices of special meetings shall be mailed to
each member, addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business, not
later than two (2) days before the day on which the meeting is to be held, or
shall be sent to him at such place by telegraph, cable or any other form of
recorded communication, or be delivered personally or by telephone, not later
than the day before such day of meeting. Neither the business to be transacted
at, nor the purpose of, any special meeting of any committee, need be specified
in any notice or written waiver of notice unless so required by the Certificate
of Incorporation or the By-Laws. Notices of any such meeting need not be given
to any member of any committee, however, if waived by him as provided in Section
8 of Article III, and the provisions of such Section 8 with respect to waiver of
notice of meetings of the Board of Directors shall apply to meetings of any
committee as well.
Section 4. Organization of Meetings. The most senior officer of the
Corporation present, if any be members of the committee, and, if not, the
director present who has served the longest as a director, except as otherwise
expressly provided by the Board of Directors or the committee, shall preside at
all meetings of any committee. The Secretary of the Corporation, except as
otherwise expressly provided by the Board of Directors, shall act as secretary
at all meetings of any committee and in his absence a temporary secretary shall
be appointed by the chairman of the meeting.
Section 5. Quorum and Manner of Acting. One-third (1/3) of the members
of any committee then in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business, and the act of a majority of those present at any meeting at which a
quorum is present, shall be the act of such committee. In the absence of a
quorum, a majority of the members of any committee present, or, if two or fewer
members shall be present, any member of the committee present or the Secretary,
may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, until a quorum is present. No
notice of any adjourned meeting need be given other than by announcement at the
meeting that is being adjourned. The provisions of Section 10 of Article III
with respect to participation in a meeting of a committee of the Board of
Directors and the provisions of Section 12 of Article III with respect to action
taken by a committee of the Board of Directors without a meeting shall apply to
participation in meetings of and action taken by any committee.
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Section 6. Voting. On any question on which any committee shall vote,
the names of those voting and their votes shall be entered in the minutes of the
meeting if any member of such committee so requests.
Section 7. Records. All committees shall keep minutes of their acts and
proceedings, which shall be submitted at the next regular meeting of the Board
of Directors unless sooner submitted at an organization or special meeting of
the Board of Directors, and any action taken by the Board of Directors with
respect thereto shall be entered in the minutes of the Board of Directors.
Section 8. Vacancies. Any vacancy among the appointed members or
alternate members of any committee of the Board of Directors may be filled by
affirmative vote of a majority of the whole Board of Directors.
Section 9. Members' Compensation. Members of all committees may receive
such reasonable compensation for their services as such, whether in the form of
salary or a fixed fee for attendance at meetings, with expenses, if any, as the
Board of Directors may from time to time determine. Nothing herein contained
shall be construed to preclude any member of any committee from serving the
Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
Section 10. Emergency Management Committee. In the event that a quorum
of the Board of Directors cannot readily be convened as a result of emergency
conditions following a catastrophe or disaster, then all the powers and duties
vested in the Board of Directors shall vest automatically in an Emergency
Management Committee which shall consist of all readily available members of the
Board of Directors and which Committee shall have and may exercise all of the
powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs
of the Corporation. Two members shall constitute a quorum. Other provisions of
these By-Laws notwithstanding, the Emergency Management Committee shall call a
meeting of the Board of Directors as soon as circumstances permit, for the
purpose of filling vacancies on the Board of Directors and its committees and to
take such other action as may be appropriate; and if the Emergency Management
Committee determines that less than a majority of the members of the Board of
Directors are available for service, the Emergency Management Committee shall,
as soon as practicable, issue a call for a special meeting of stockholders for
the election of directors. The powers of the Emergency Management Committee
shall terminate upon the convening of the meeting of the Board of Directors
above prescribed at which a majority of the members thereof shall be present, or
upon the convening of the above prescribed meeting of stockholders, whichever
first shall occur.
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ARTICLE V.
THE OFFICERS
Section 1. Officers - Qualifications. The elected officers of the
Corporation shall be a Chairman of the Board, a President, a Secretary and a
Treasurer and may also include one or more Vice Chairmen of the Board, one or
more Executive Vice Presidents, one or more Senior Vice Presidents and one or
more Vice Presidents. The elected officers shall be elected by the Board of
Directors. The Chairman of the Board, the President and each Vice Chairman of
the Board shall be selected from the directors. Assistant Secretaries,
Assistant Treasurers and such other officers as may be deemed necessary or
appropriate may be appointed by the Board of Directors or may be appointed
pursuant to Section 6 of this Article V.
Section 2. Term of Office; Vacancies. So far as is practicable, all
elected officers shall be elected at the organization meeting of the Board of
Directors in each year, and except as otherwise provided in Sections 3 and 4,
and subject to the provisions of Section 6, of this Article V, shall hold office
until the organization meeting of the Board of Directors in the next subsequent
year and until their respective successors are elected and qualify or until
their earlier resignation or removal. All appointed officers shall hold office
during the pleasure of the Board of Directors and the Chairman of the Board. If
any vacancy shall occur in any office, the Board of Directors may elect or
appoint a successor to fill such vacancy for the remainder of the term.
Section 3. Removal of Elected Officers. Any elected officer may be
removed at any time, either for or without cause, by affirmative vote of a
majority of the whole Board of Directors, at any regular meeting or at any
special meeting called for the purpose and, in the case of any officer not more
senior than a Senior Vice President, by affirmative vote of a majority of the
whole committee of the Board of Directors so empowered at any regular meeting or
at any special meeting called for the purpose.
Section 4. Resignations. Any officer may resign at any time, upon
written notice of resignation to the Corporation. Any resignation shall be
effective immediately unless a date certain is specified for it to take effect,
in which event it shall be effective upon such date, and acceptance of any
resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective, irrespective of whether
the resignation is tendered subject to such acceptance.
Section 5. Officers Holding More Than One Office. Any officer may hold
two or more offices the duties of which can be consistently performed by the
same person.
Section 6. The Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board shall be
the chief executive officer of the Corporation. He shall direct, coordinate and
control the Corporation's business and activities and its operating expenses and
capital expenditures, and shall have general authority to exercise all the
powers necessary for the chief executive officer of the Corporation, all in
accordance with basic policies established by and subject to the control of the
Board of Directors. He shall be
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responsible for the employment or appointment of employees, agents and officers
(except officers to be elected by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 1
of this Article V) as may be required for the conduct of the business and the
attainment of the objectives of the Corporation, and shall have authority to fix
compensation as provided in Section 15 of this Article V. He shall have
authority to suspend or to remove any employee, agent or appointed officer of
the Corporation and to suspend for cause any elected officer of the Corporation
and, in the case of the suspension for cause of any such elected officer, to
recommend to the Board of Directors what further action should be taken. He
shall have general authority to execute bonds, deeds and contracts in the name
and on behalf of the Corporation. As provided in Section 5 of Article II, he
shall act as chairman at all meetings of the stockholders at which he is
present, and, as provided in Section 9 of Article III, he shall preside at all
meetings of the Board of Directors at which he is present. In the absence of
the Chairman of the Board, his duties shall be performed and his authority may
be exercised by the President, and, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board
and the President, such duties shall be performed and such authority may be
exercised by such officer as may have been designated by the most senior officer
of the Corporation who has made any such designation, with the right reserved to
the Board of Directors to make the designation or supersede any designation so
made.
Section 7. The President. The President shall be the chief operating
officer of the Corporation. He shall implement the general directives, plans and
policies formulated by the Chairman of the Board pursuant to the By-Laws, in
general shall have authority to exercise all powers delegated to him by the
Chairman of the Board and shall establish operating and administrative plans and
policies and direct and coordinate the Corporation's organizational components,
within the scope of the authority delegated to him by the Board of Directors or
the Chairman of the Board. He shall have general authority to execute bonds,
deeds and contracts in the name and on behalf of the Corporation and
responsibility for the employment or appointment of such employees, agents and
officers (except officers to be elected by the Board of Directors pursuant to
Section 1 of this Article V) as may be required to carry on the operations of
the business and authority to fix compensation of such employees, agents and
officers as provided in Section 15 of this Article V. He shall have authority
to suspend or to remove any employee or agent of the Corporation (other than
officers). As provided in Section 6 of this Article V, in the absence of the
Chairman of the Board, the President shall perform all the duties and exercise
the authority of the Chairman of the Board. In the absence of the President, his
duties shall be performed and his authority may be exercised by the Chairman of
the Board. In the absence of the President and the Chairman of the Board, the
duties of the President shall be performed and his authority may be exercised by
such officer as may have been designated by the most senior officer of the
Corporation who has made any such designation, with the right reserved to the
Board of Directors to make the designation or supersede any designation so made.
Section 8. The Vice Chairmen of the Board. The several Vice Chairmen of
the Board, if any, shall perform such duties and may exercise such authority as
may from
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time to time be conferred upon them by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of
the Board or the President.
Section 9. The Executive Vice Presidents. The several Executive Vice
Presidents, if any, shall perform such duties and may exercise such authority as
may from time to time be conferred upon them by the Board of Directors, the
Chairman of the Board or the President.
Section 10. The Senior Vice Presidents. The several Senior Vice
Presidents, if any, shall perform such duties and may exercise such authority as
may from time to time be conferred upon them by the Board of Directors, the
Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice Chairman of the Board or any
Executive Vice President.
Section 11. The Vice Presidents. The several Vice Presidents, if any,
shall perform such duties and may exercise such authority as may from time to
time be conferred upon them by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the
Board, the President, any Vice Chairman of the Board or any Executive Vice
President.
Section 12. The Secretary. The Secretary shall attend to the giving of
notice of all meetings of stockholders and of the Board of Directors and
committees thereof, and, as provided in Section 5 of Article II and Section 9 of
Article III, shall keep minutes of all proceedings at meetings of the
stockholders and of the Board of Directors at which he is present, as well as of
all proceedings at all meetings of committees of the Board of Directors at which
he has served as secretary, and where some other person has served as secretary
thereto, the Secretary shall maintain custody of the minutes of such
proceedings. As provided in Section 2 of Article VII, he shall have charge of
the corporate seal and shall have authority to attest any and all instruments or
writings to which the same may be affixed. He shall keep and account for all
books, documents, papers and records of the Corporation, except those for which
some other officer or agent is properly accountable. He shall generally perform
all the duties usually appertaining to the office of secretary of a corporation.
In the absence of the Secretary, such person as shall be designated by the
Chairman of the Board shall perform his duties.
Section 13. The Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the care and custody
of all the funds of the Corporation and shall deposit the same in such banks or
other depositories as the Board of Directors or any officer or officers, or any
officer and agent jointly, thereunto duly authorized by the Board of Directors,
shall, from time to time, direct or approve. Except as otherwise provided by
the Board of Directors or in the Corporation's plan of organization, he shall
keep a full and accurate account of all moneys received and paid on account of
the Corporation, shall render a statement of his accounts whenever the Board of
Directors shall require, shall perform all other necessary acts and duties in
connection with the administration of the financial affairs of the Corporation
and shall generally perform all the duties usually appertaining to the office of
the treasurer of a corporation. Whenever required by the Board of Directors he
shall give bonds for the faithful discharge of his duties in such sums and with
such
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sureties as the Board of Directors shall approve. In the absence of the
Treasurer, such person as shall be designated by the Chairman of the Board shall
perform his duties.
Section 14. Additional Duties and Authority. In addition to the
foregoing specifically enumerated duties and authority, the several officers of
the Corporation shall perform such other duties and may exercise such further
authority as the Board of Directors may, from time to time, determine, or as may
be assigned to them by any superior officer.
Section 15. Compensation. Except as fixed or controlled by the Board of
Directors or otherwise, compensation of all officers and employees shall be
fixed by the Chairman of the Board, or by the President within the limits
approved by the Chairman of the Board, or by other officers of the Corporation
exercising authority granted to them under the plan of organization of the
Corporation.
ARTICLE VI.
STOCK AND TRANSFERS OF STOCK
Section 1. Stock Certificates. The capital stock of the Corporation
shall be represented by certificates signed by, or in the name of the
Corporation by, the Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice Chairman of
the Board, and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or by the Treasurer or
an Assistant Treasurer, and sealed with the seal of the Corporation. If such
stock certificate is countersigned by a Transfer Agent other than the
Corporation or its employee or by a Registrar other than the Corporation or its
employee, any other signature on the certificate may be a facsimile, engraved or
printed. Such seal may be a facsimile, engraved or printed. In case any such
officer, Transfer Agent or Registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature
has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer,
Transfer Agent or Registrar before such certificate is issued by the
Corporation, it may nevertheless be issued by the Corporation with the same
effect as if such officer, Transfer Agent or Registrar had not ceased to be such
at the date of its issue. The certificates representing the capital stock of
the Corporation shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board of
Directors.
Section 2. Transfers of Stock. Transfers of stock shall be made on the
books of the Corporation by the person named in the certificate, or by an
attorney lawfully constituted in writing, and upon surrender and cancellation of
a certificate or certificates for a like number of shares of the same class or
series of stock, duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession,
assignment or authority to transfer, and with such proof of the authenticity of
the signatures as the Corporation or its agents may reasonably require and with
all required stock transfer tax stamps affixed thereto and canceled or
accompanied by sufficient funds to pay such taxes.
Section 3. Lost Certificates. In case any certificate of stock shall be
lost, stolen or destroyed, the Board of Directors, in its discretion, or any
officer or officers thereunto duly authorized by the Board of Directors, may
authorize the issue of a
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substitute certificate in place of the certificate so lost, stolen or destroyed;
provided, however, that, in each such case, the applicant for a substitute
certificate shall furnish evidence to the Corporation, which it determines in
its discretion is satisfactory, of the loss, theft or destruction of such
certificate and of the ownership thereof, and also such security or indemnity as
may be required by it.
Section 4. Determination of Holders of Record for Certain Purposes. In
order to determine the stockholders or other holders of securities entitled to
receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any
rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion
or exchange of capital stock or other securities or for the purpose of any other
lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, not
more than sixty (60) days prior to the date of payment of such dividend or other
distribution or allotment of such rights or the date when any such rights in
respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or securities may be
exercised, and in such case only holders of record on the date so fixed shall be
entitled to receive payment of such dividend or other distribution or to receive
such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, notwithstanding any
transfer of any stock or other securities on the books of the Corporation after
any such record date fixed as aforesaid. No record date shall precede the date
on which the Board of Directors establishes such record date.
ARTICLE VII.
CORPORATE SEAL
Section 1. Seal. The seal of the Corporation shall be in the form of a
circle and shall bear the name of the Corporation and in the center of the
circle the words "Corporate Seal, Delaware" and the figures "1973".
Section 2. Affixing and Attesting. The seal of the Corporation shall be
in the custody of the Secretary, who shall have power to affix it to the proper
corporate instruments and documents, and who shall attest it. In his absence,
it may be affixed and attested by an Assistant Secretary, or by the Treasurer or
an Assistant Treasurer or by any other person or persons as may be designated by
the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE VIII.
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on
the last Friday of December in each year and the succeeding fiscal year shall
begin on the day next succeeding the last day of the preceding fiscal year.
Section 2. Signatures on Negotiable Instruments. All bills, notes,
checks or other instruments for the payment of money shall be signed or
countersigned by such officers or agents and in such manner as, from time to
time, may be prescribed by resolution (whether general or special) of the Board
of Directors, or may be prescribed
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by any officer or officers, or any officer and agent jointly, thereunto duly
authorized by the Board of Directors.
Section 3. References to Article and Section Numbers and to the By-Laws
and the Certificate of Incorporation. Whenever in the By-Laws reference is made
to an Article or Section number, such reference is to the number of an Article
or Section of the By-Laws. Whenever in the By-Laws reference is made to the By-
Laws, such reference is to these By-Laws of the Corporation, as amended, and
whenever reference is made to the Certificate of Incorporation, such reference
is to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended, including
all documents deemed by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware to
constitute a part thereof.
ARTICLE IX.
AMENDMENTS
The By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed at any Annual Meeting of
Stockholders, or at any special meeting of holders of shares of stock entitled
to vote thereon, provided that in the case of a special meeting notice of such
proposed alteration, amendment or repeal be included in the notice of meeting,
by a vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of stock present in person
or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereon, or (except as otherwise
expressly provided in any By-Law adopted by the stockholders) by the Board of
Directors at any valid meeting by affirmative vote of a majority of the whole
Board of Directors.
The undersigned, duly qualified
Secretary of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation, hereby certifies
the foregoing to be a true and complete copy of the By-Laws of the said Merrill
Lynch & Co., Inc. in effect on this date.
--------------------------------
Secretary
Dated:
16
<TABLE><CAPTION>
EXHIBIT 11
MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
COMPUTATION OF PER COMMON SHARE EARNINGS
(In Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended Ended
--------------------- ---------------------
June 28, June 30, June 28, June 30,
1996 1995 1996 1995
-------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
EARNINGS
Net earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 433 $ 283 $ 843 $ 510
Preferred stock dividends . . . . . . . . . . . . (11) (12) (23) (24)
----- ----- ----- -----
Net earnings applicable to common stockholders . $ 422 $ 271 $ 820 $ 486
===== ===== ===== =====
PRIMARY WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES
Common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.6 175.7 171.7 178.0
Assuming issuance of shares relating to
employee incentive plans . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 17.6 22.6 18.2
----- ----- ----- -----
Total shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.9 193.3 194.3 196.2
===== ===== ===== =====
Primary Earnings Per Share . . . . . . . . . . . $2.19 $1.40 $4.22 $2.48
===== ===== ===== =====
FULLY DILUTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES
Common stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.6 175.7 171.7 178.0
Assuming issuance of shares relating to
employee incentive plans . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 19.5 22.9 19.5
----- ----- ----- -----
Total shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.9 195.2 194.6 197.5
===== ===== ===== =====
FULLY DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE . . . . . . . . $2.19 $1.39 $4.21 $2.46
===== ===== ===== =====
</TABLE>
<TABLE><CAPTION>
EXHIBIT 12
MERRILL LYNCH & CO., INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
COMPUTATION OF RATIOS OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES AND
COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
(Dollars In Millions)
For the Three Months For the Six Months
Ended Ended
----------------------- ------------------------
June 28, June 30, June 28, June 30,
1996 1995 1996 1995
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Total pretax earnings from continuing
operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 698 $ 464 $1,369 $ 843
------ ------ ------ ------
Add:
Fixed Charges
Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,808 3,032 5,565 5,813
Other (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 34 77 69
------ ------ ------ ------
Total fixed charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,846 3,066 5,642 5,882
Preferred stock dividend requirements . . . . . 19 19 37 39
------ ------ ------ ------
Total combined fixed charges and
preferred stock dividends . . . . . . . . . . 2,865 3,085 5,679 5,921
------ ------ ------ ------
Pretax earnings before fixed charges . . . . . . $3,544 $3,530 $7,011 $6,725
====== ====== ====== ======
Pretax earnings before combined fixed
charges and preferred stock dividends . . . . . $3,563 $3,549 $7,048 $6,764
====== ====== ====== ======
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges . . . . . . . 1.25 1.15 1.24 1.14
Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges
and preferred stock dividends . . . . . . . . . 1.24 1.15 1.24 1.14
</TABLE>
(A) Other fixed charges consist of the interest factor in rentals,
amortization of debt expense, and preferred stock dividend requirements
of majority-owned subsidiaries.
Exhibit 15
August 9, 1996
Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc.
World Financial Center
North Tower
New York, N.Y. 10281
We have made a review, in accordance with standards established by the American
Institute of Certified Public Accountants, of the unaudited interim consolidated
financial information of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. and subsidiaries as of June
28, 1996 and for the three and six-month periods ended June 28, 1996 and June
30, 1995 as indicated in our report dated August 9, 1996; because we did not
perform an audit, we expressed no opinion on that information.
We are aware that our report referred to above, which is included in your
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 28, 1996, is
incorporated by reference in the following documents, as amended:
Filed on Form S-8:
Registration Statement No. 33-41942 (1986 Employee Stock Purchase Plan)
Registration Statement No. 33-17908 (Incentive Equity Purchase Plan)
Registration Statement No. 33-33336 (Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan)
Registration Statement No. 33-51831 (Long Term Incentive Compensation Plan)
Registration Statement No. 333-02275 (Long Term Incentive Compensation
Plan)
Registration Statement No. 33-51829 (401(k) Savings and Investment Plan)
Registration Statement No. 33-54154 (Non-Employee Directors' Equity Plan)
Registration Statement No. 33-54572 (401(k) Savings and Investment Plan
(Puerto Rico))
<PAGE>
Registration Statement No. 33-56427 (Amended and Restated 1994 Deferred
Compensation Plan for a Select Group of Eligible Employees)
Registration Statement No. 33-55155 (1995 Deferred Compensation Plan for a
Select Group of Eligible Employees)
Registration Statement No. 33-60989 (1996 Deferred Compensation Plan for a
Select Group of Eligible Employees)
Registration Statement No. 333-09779 (1997 Deferred Compensation Plan for
a Select Group of Eligible Employees)
Registration Statement No. 33-00863 (401(k) Savings & Incentive Plan)
Filed on Form S-3:
Debt Securities
Registration Statement No. 33-54218
Registration Statement No. 2-78338
Registration Statement No. 2-89519
Registration Statement No. 2-83477
Registration Statement No. 33-03602
Registration Statement No. 33-17965
Registration Statement No. 33-27512
Registration Statement No. 33-35456
Registration Statement No. 33-42041
Registration Statement No. 33-45327
Registration Statement No. 33-49947
Registration Statement No. 33-51489
Registration Statement No. 33-52647
Registration Statement No. 33-60413
<PAGE>
Registration Statement No. 33-61559
Registration Statement No. 33-65135
Medium Term Notes
Registration Statement No. 2-96315
Registration Statement No. 33-03079
Registration Statement No. 33-05125
Registration Statement No. 33-09910
Registration Statement No. 33-16165
Registration Statement No. 33-19820
Registration Statement No. 33-23605
Registration Statement No. 33-27549
Registration Statement No. 33-38879
Other Securities
Registration Statement No. 33-19975 (Remarketed Preferred Stock, Series C)
Registration Statement No. 33-33335 (Common Stock)
Registration Statement No. 33-45777 (Common Stock)
Registration Statement No. 33-55363 (Preferred Stock)
We are also aware that the aforementioned report, pursuant to Rule 436(c) under
the Securities Act of 1933, is not considered a part of the Registration
Statement prepared or certified by an accountant or a report prepared or
certified by an accountant within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of that Act.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
New York, New York
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> BD
<MULTIPLIER> 1,000,000
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> OTHER
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-27-1996
<PERIOD-START> DEC-30-1995
<PERIOD-END> JUN-28-1996
<CASH> 2,751
<RECEIVABLES> 37,087
<SECURITIES-RESALE> 52,322
<SECURITIES-BORROWED> 23,985
<INSTRUMENTS-OWNED> 80,280<F1>
<PP&E> 1,582
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 205,175
<SHORT-TERM> 29,111
<PAYABLES> 24,964
<REPOS-SOLD> 62,865
<SECURITIES-LOANED> 3,591
<INSTRUMENTS-SOLD> 38,954
<LONG-TERM> 22,640
0
619
<COMMON> 315
<OTHER-SE> 5,580
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 205,175
<TRADING-REVENUE> 1,891
<INTEREST-DIVIDENDS> 6,050
<COMMISSIONS> 1,959
<INVESTMENT-BANKING-REVENUES> 958
<FEE-REVENUE> 1,090
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 5,568
<COMPENSATION> 3,432
<INCOME-PRETAX> 1,369
<INCOME-PRE-EXTRAORDINARY> 843
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> 843
<EPS-PRIMARY> 4.22
<EPS-DILUTED> 4.21
<FN>
<F1> Financial Investments Owned includes Commodity Contracts but excludes
physical commodities and real estate owned totaling $196.
</TABLE>
