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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
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FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996
Commission file number: 0-25326
ARIEL CORPORATION
------------------------------------------------------------
(exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C>
Delaware 13-3137699
- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------
(State of incorporation) (IRS employer identification number)
2540 Route 130
Cranbury, New Jersey 08512
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(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
</TABLE>
609-860-2900
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(Telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, par value $.001
-----------------------------
Check whether the Issuer (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or
for shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and
(2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes X No ___
Check if there is no disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item 405
of Regulation S-B is not contained in this form, and no disclosure will be
contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or
information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form
10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]
Issuer's revenues for its most recent fiscal year: $13,030,637
Aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of registrant
as of March 18, 1997, $58,974,497
Number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock,
as of the latest practicable date: Common Stock, $.001 par value, 9,164,325
shares outstanding as of March 18, 1997.
Number of Pages - 37
Exhibit Index - page 18
Documents incorporated by reference: None.
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ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL
Ariel Corporation ("Ariel" or the "Company"), incorporated in 1982 in
Delaware, is a digital signal processing ("DSP") technology company. Its
principal offices are located at 2540 Route 130, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512,
(telephone number 609-860-2900). DSP is an enabling technology driving the
emergence of rapidly growing technology markets such as Internet Service
Providers ("ISP") and the Remote Access Server ("RAS") markets. The Company
designs, develops and markets general purpose multiprocessor DSP boards and
related software products that are incorporated into a variety of commercial
and defense applications, such as cellular telephony, medical imaging, sonar,
radar and professional audio applications. The Company has also developed
certain products targeting aspects of the rapidly growing Computer Telephony
Integration ("CTI") market. Additionally, the Company formed a communications
system team to develop an Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line ("ADSL")
carrier class product targeting the needs of major telecommunications and
network service providers.
The Company's DSP boards incorporate DSP processors developed by Texas
Instruments Inc., Motorola Inc., Lucent Technologies and Analog Devices, Inc.
and are designed to run on industry standard interfaces. The Company provides
solutions to a customer's high-end DSP system needs either by the use of a
Company standard product, thereby reducing time-to-market, or by utilizing
the Company's DSP expertise to custom design a DSP hardware and software
solution. These products are marketed to original equipment manufacturers
("OEMs") and the U.S. Department of Defense through the Company's sales force
and independent sales representatives in the United States and through
independent sales representatives and dealers internationally. Customers will
typically add their own software to the Company's boards in order to
customize them for a specific application.
In October 1995, the Company introduced its first product aimed at the
rapidly growing CTI market. This product, the CTI-Modem, incorporates
multiple standard DSP chips in a single PC plug-in board and was targeted for
the transaction processing market. To date, the majority of such product
shipments has been to one customer. During the third quarter of 1996, the
Company began shipping its T1-Modem product. This product provides the
highest density (24 ports on a single board) modem pool available today. It
is incorporated in RAS systems by major OEM customers. The Company's enabling
software technology (RASoft) allows a system integrator to build up to a 240
port RAS system utilizing the Company's T1-Modem product.
For 1996, the Company reported sales of $13,030,637 and a net loss of
$8,801,457 or $1.10 per share. Working capital amounted to $13,795,613,
including cash and marketable securities of $10,625,960. For a more complete
discussion of the results of operations please refer to Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,
Item 7, page 8.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
DSP is the conversion of signals--electrical representations of light,
sound and other naturally occurring analog waveforms--into a stream of
digital values (i.e., ones and zeroes) which may then be processed,
manipulated, exchanged or stored by electronic systems in ways not possible
when the signals are in analog form. DSP provides several processing
advantages over analog technologies, including: (i) higher degrees of audio
and video compression, resulting in greater storage and communication
capacity; (ii) a greater ability to process and manipulate digital data,
resulting in enhanced product performance; (iii) easier development and
upgrades of multi-functional products through the use of reconfigurable
software rather than dedicated analog hardware components, and (iv) the
ability to provide a wide range of functions including integrated computer
telephony, fax and data modems, voice mail, Internet access and CD quality
audio in a single plug-in board which is upgradable over time. The Company
believes that DSP's processing advantages over analog position DSP as an
important technology for future generations of communications and consumer
electronics products and personal computers, as well as emerging multimedia
products. These advantages, combined with the declining cost of DSP chips,
have resulted in significant growth in the uses of DSP.
GENERAL PURPOSE DSP BOARD MARKET AND APPLICATIONS
DSP technology is being applied in a wide range of commercial and defense
applications which often require the processing power of multiple DSP chips.
The Company is focused on VME based DSP sub-systems
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that incorporate TI or ADI DSP technology. Multiprocessing is often required
in specialized applications such as medical imaging, instrumentation,
professional audio, telecommunications, and defense electronics. The
Company's multiprocessing DSP products enable signal-processing tasks to run
concurrently on a low-cost computer platform.
Medical Imaging. There are many types of medical imaging techniques that
are well suited for DSP technology, such as mammography, computer tomography,
magnetic imaging and ultrasound. The Company believes that as a result of the
increasing use of digitized images, as opposed to film-based images, the use
of DSP sub-systems in medical imaging applications will increase. Many of
these applications require a combination of high-resolution images and very
high processing requirements which make multiprocessing DSP systems well-
suited for this market.
Instrumentation. Multiprocessing DSP boards may be used in instruments
which analyze a number of independent signals simultaneously. For example,
geologists may use underground instruments to search for oil and minerals.
Multiprocessing DSP systems are employed to analyze both passive and
stimulated subterranean signals entering the system from multiple channels.
Professional Audio. In the professional audio field, there is a
requirement for simultaneously processing many channels, or tracks, of audio.
Currently, the professional audio market is in the midst of a transition from
analog-based tape recording and analog mixing systems to digital hard disk
recording and DSP-based mixing systems using a Digital Audio Workstation
("DAW"). A DAW is used to modify and combine multiple audio sources into a
mono or stereo "mix" for distribution. DAWs are used in audio production in
the recording, broadcast, film and multimedia authoring fields.
Multiprocessing DSP systems are typically required for these uses.
Telecommunications. The telecommunications industry has historically been
a major user of DSP technology. In some cases, a multiprocessing DSP board is
necessary to meet performance requirements. Apart from the CTI market
described below, multiprocessing DSP systems are used in cellular base
stations and central office stations. With the ready availability of high
performance, multiprocessing DSP systems, new applications in
telecommunications are emerging. For example, the Company's largest customer
in 1996 developed a product that uses sophisticated techniques to examine the
radio transmissions of individual cellular phones thereby detecting and
recording the cellular phone's "fingerprint." This customer has stated that
cellular phone fraud can be combated by employing this technique. The amount
of processing required, however, demands the use of a multiprocessing DSP
system. This customer accounted for approximately 32% of total sales in 1996.
Defense Electronics. Multiprocessing DSP is often required in defense
applications, including radar, sonar, infrared processing, electronic
countermeasures, satellite imaging, surveillance and encryption.
Multiprocessor DSP boards have long been employed by the defense industry
and, the Company believes that, while the overall defense budget has been
decreasing, spending for technological improvements and enhancements will
continue.
COMPUTER TELEPHONY INTEGRATION MARKET
Until recently, the CTI market was largely dominated by suppliers selling
voice and fax applications and systems. Ariel is currently offering two
products that provide high-density data modem capability to customers in the
following markets:
Transaction Processing -- Transaction processing products are used by
retail merchants, healthcare providers, government agencies, and consumers to
electronically automate payment, benefits and information transactions. Major
customer markets include financial institutions, payment processing
companies, petroleum companies and government and healthcare benefits
processors. The CTI-Modem has targeted the transaction processing market.
Currently, the remote access function of this market is performed by grouping
a high number of individual modems in a number of equipment racks. This is a
proprietary, high-cost, low density solution. The CTI-Modem board provides
multiple modems integrated on a single DSP that are programmable. Thus, a
relatively low cost, high density solution.
Remote Access -- Due to the dramatic increase in the need for remote
access to corporate Local Area Networks ("LANs"), backplanes (Intranets) and
the explosion of the Internet, the market for remote access equip-
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ment is experiencing significant growth. The market to end users is segmented
into two major categories - Internet Service Providers and Corporate Remote
Access Servers. Ariel's T1-Modem product is incorporated in RAS systems by
major OEM customers. The T1-Modem board can promote 24 V.34 modem ports in a
single ISA slot. It will be sold through OEMs and large VARs.
PRODUCTS
The Company currently offers a number of DSP hardware and software
products. They include:
OEM PRODUCTS
Hydra Series VME Boards. The Hydra series comprises VMEbus DSP boards
based on two or four Texas Instruments TMS320C4x DSP chips. The Company
believes that Hydra is well-suited to large processing tasks that require
multiple DSP chips in an industrial or defense environment. The Company
introduced an enhanced version of Hydra, called HydraPlus, in mid 1995, which
supports a memory capacity approximately four times greater than the original
Hydra.
PC-Hydra. PC-Hydra, first introduced in August 1994, is a modular version
of Hydra for the PC ISA bus. Based on industry-standard TIM-40 modules,
PC-Hydra can be configured with one to eight 50 Mhz TMS320C4x DSP chips. Its
modular architecture eases upgrading to newer technologies, as available.
CTI PRODUCTS
CTI-Modem. CTI-Modem currently provides sixteen V.32 modems in a single
ISA slot and supports both MVIP and SCSA protocols. CTI-Modem runs on the
Company's DC-5 product which implements multiple DSP's on a single ISA plug
in board. Coordination and control of simultaneous modem tasks running on
multiple processors is managed by AT&T's VCOS operating system running on the
DC-5 board. In addition, the Company has developed a modem API (Application
Programming Interface) to ease the task of software integration. The Company
believes that CTI-Modem addresses the requirements of the transaction
processing markets.
T1-Modem. T1-Modem provides a 24 V.34 modem port solution in a single ISA
slot for network OEMs. The Company believes that T1-Modem addresses the
requirements of the RAS concentrator market place.
ADSL
The Company is currently developing an end-to-end ADSL system, targeted at
service providers, which is in compliance with Bellcore's New Equipment
Building Standards ("NEBS") and uses ATM-cell technology exclusively for
transport and an associated Element Management System ("EMS") capability. The
Company's product offering focuses primarily on service providers looking for
high port densities and very high reliability. This technology is used by
customers for internet access, corporate WAN/LAN access, or both. A prototype
of the Company's product was recently completed and efforts to secure early
field trials are underway. In October 1996, the Company retained Needham and
Company, Inc. ("Needham") as a financial adviser to contact prospective
strategic marketing partners for purposes of developing a strategic marketing
relationship with regard to the Company's ADSL product.
MANUFACTURING AND QUALITY CONTROL
The Company utilizes contract manufacturing for substantially all of its
manufacturing processes, thereby allowing the Company to focus resources on
product research and development and customer support. The Company's internal
manufacturing operations consist primarily of production of prototypes, test
engineering, materials purchasing and inspection and quality control. In
1996, the Company implemented systems within operations to be full turnkey on
its high volume product lines. The procurement of components, assembly,
testing and quality control of these printed circuit board assemblies will be
coordinated through a limited number of high quality contract manufacturers.
The Company believes that such manufacturers are able to meet the Company's
needs by reducing working capital requirements, producing high quality
products and allowing the
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Company to focus its efforts on design rather than production. The Company
monitors the performance and quality of the work performed by its outside
contractors by using the Company's internal quality assurance procedures and
by making regular visits to manufacturing facilities.
The Company purchases DSP chips and certain other components from Lucent
Technologies, Motorola Inc., Texas Instruments Inc., and Analog Devices,
Inc., each of which manufacturers and is the sole supplier of DSP chips upon
which specific products have been developed. The Company does not have
long-term agreements with any of these suppliers. Although the Company has
not experienced any material difficulties in obtaining supplies or
manufactured products, any reduction or interruption in supply or
manufacturing from these third- party contractors would adversely affect its
ability to continue to deliver its products.
The Company intends to implement procedures necessary to satisfy the
requirements for ISO-9000 certification. These procedures apply to design,
procurement, production, inspection, testing, sales, technical assistance and
maintenance. The Company currently does not have ISO-9000 certification for
its products, but will evaluate in 1997 the feasibility of receiving
certification during calendar year 1999. The Company believes that obtaining
ISO-9000 certification will improve its ability to successfully compete in
the European Union Countries since a growing number of potential customers in
that region are demanding that their suppliers be ISO- 9000 certified.
SALES, MARKETING AND CUSTOMERS
The Company markets its product in the United States primarily through a
direct sales force and through independent sales representatives.
Internationally, it sells its products through independent sales
representatives and distributors in Europe, Israel and the Far East. The
Company currently maintains regional sales offices in San Diego, California,
Walnut Creek, California, San Francisco, California and Cranford, New Jersey.
The Company's direct sales force targets high-volume system integrators
and OEM customers. An OEM customer who wishes to incorporate DSP technology
into an end product can either design the DSP sub-system internally (make) or
purchase (buy) the sub-system from a third party such as the Company. In a
make versus buy scenario, buy decisions are often driven by time-to-market
processes and cost consideration. The Company's capabilities in product
design include choosing an appropriate DSP chip for the application,
implementing the hardware design, resolving system software issues and
writing DSP software. In most case, the customer's requirements may be
satisfied by a standard product and, in other cases, a custom design may be
required. The Company believes that its knowledge of the differing facets of
DSP design provides significant value to its OEM customers and thus, it will
emphasize custom and semi-custom design work.
The Company obtains most new sales prospects through advertising and
through referrals from DSP chip vendors, existing customers, strategic
relationships and trade show participation. Principal marketing activities
include display advertising in trade publications, direct mail, trade show
participation and a home page on the World Wide Web.
The Company believes that customer service and support have been a
significant factor in distinguishing the Company from other DSP providers.
Technical support is provided by customer support employees located at the
Company's headquarters. The Company also offers extensive documentation
describing its products and provides telephone and electronic mail support to
assist its customers.
The Company markets its products to Fortune 500 companies, research
laboratories, computer instrumentation companies and numerous branches of
U.S. and foreign governments. In 1994, the ESL Division of TRW Industries
("ESL") accounted for 13% of sales. In 1995, sales to AVID Technology, Inc.
accounted for approximately 14% of the Company's sales and in 1996, sales to
Corsair Inc. accounted for approximately 32% of the Company's sales.
PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
During 1996, the Company focused its research and development efforts on
CTI products targeting the RAS and ISP markets as well as a carrier class
product for the emerging ADSL market. The Company's ongoing product
development activities also include the enhancement of current products, the
adaptation of third-party
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technologies to its products and the development of new product options and
features. The Company's product development teams work closely with customers
to define necessary improvements and enhancements to existing products and to
analyze potential new products and applications. From time to time, the
Company has employed consultants to perform certain research and development
functions. The Company plans to continue this practice in 1997 as a means of
augmenting its internal research and development capabilities.
The Company incurred $6,860,665 in research and development expense in
1996, which represented 53% of sales. This compared to $2,482,561 or 26% of
sales in 1995 and $1,111,394 or 16% of sales in 1994. For 1997, the Company's
overall spending for research and development is expected to increase over
the 1996 level in order to meet scheduled release dates for new products.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Company believes its success is dependent, in part, on proprietary
technology. The Company seeks to maintain the proprietary nature of its
technology by several methods. First, substantially all of the Company's
hardware products contain security codes which deter duplication by third
parties. Second, the Company copyrights certain aspects of its products.
Third, the Company generally enters into confidentiality agreements with its
employees and limits access to its proprietary information. Despite these
precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy
aspects of the Company's products or to obtain information that the Company
regards as proprietary. Since the Company does not actively pursue patent
protection on its products and does not hold patents on any of its current
products, in the event competitors are able to create substantially similar
or duplicate products, the Company will not be able to avail itself of the
protection afforded by the patent laws.
The Company believes that due to the rapid pace of innovation within its
industry, factors such as the technological expertise of its personnel and
ongoing reliable product maintenance and support are more important in
establishing and maintaining a leadership position within the industry than
the pursuit of various legal protections of its technology.
The Company also depends upon development, supply, marketing, licensing
and other operative relationships with third parties for complementary
technologies incorporated in the Company's products. These cooperative
relationships, many of which have been in place for a number of years, are
with hardware and software developers pursuant to which the Company and the
developers make their technology available to the other for the purpose of
achieving compatible products. Some of these relationships are based upon
annually renewable license agreements under which the Company obtains
technology necessary to produce its products. Although the Company has no
reason to believe that these mutually beneficial relationships will end,
these relationships are generally non-exclusive and terminable, and there can
be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain these relationships
or to initiate additional similar relationships. The loss of certain
cooperative relationships, particularly with any of the DSP chip suppliers,
may have a material adverse impact on the Company's business.
On May 2, 1995, the Company obtained a two year license to port AT&T's
VCOS software for use with the Company's products running under the UNIX,
OS/2, Windows NT and Apple OS operating systems. During the term of the
license, and for a period of one year thereafter, AT&T will not compete with
the Company by using ported versions of VCOS. Any ownership of ported
versions of VCOS remains with AT&T. In March 1996, the Company and AT&T Corp.
executed an amendment to such agreement to extend the term for an additional
five years, through March 2001.
BACKLOG
Firm backlog shippable within a twelve month period was approximately $6.1
million at December 31, 1996, compared to approximately $1.7 million at
December 31, 1995. The Company's order trend is characterized by delivery
cycles that dates from several days to quantities deliverable over several
months. Accordingly, a substantial portion of sales in each fiscal quarter are
derived from backlog at the beginning of such quarter. Customers may revise
scheduled delivery dates or cancel orders.
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COMPETITION
The Company competes in its markets based upon price/performance
advantages offered by a number of its products, certain product features and
its ability to meet customer delivery requirements on a timely basis. Many of
the Company's competitors have substantially greater financial resources,
larger research and development and sales staffs and greater name recognition
than the Company. The primary competition for Ariel products are engineering
and manufacturing departments within OEMs, third party RAS manufacturers and
third party modem board manufacturers.
There is no assurance that the Company will be able to compete
successfully or develop competitive products in the future. The Company
believes it has substantially strengthened its competitive position in the
CTI marketplace with the introduction of the T-1 modem product.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 1996, the Company had 126 employees, including 7
part-time employees. None of the Company's employees is represented by a
collective bargaining agreement nor has the Company experienced any work
stoppage. The Company believes its relationship with its employees is
satisfactory.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company maintains office and light assembly space comprising
approximately 30,000 square feet at 2540 Route 130, Cranbury, New Jersey
pursuant to a lease, expiring January 2001, at an annual rental of
approximately $315,000. The Company has two five-year options to renew the
lease at fair market value. The Company also maintains a branch office in San
Diego, California and regional sales offices in Walnut Creek and San Diego,
California, Cranford, New Jersey, Concord, Massachusetts, and Berlin, Germany
and a regional marketing office in Santa Barbara, California.
In December 1996, the Company leased 11,740 square feet in Piscataway, New
Jersey for office and laboratory use related to its ADSL product development
efforts. This lease expires in December 2001 and has an annual rental of
$173,165. The Company has two five year options to renew the lease at fair
market value and also has an option, which expires December 31, 1997, to
lease an additional 4,500 square feet under the same terms and conditions as
the existing lease.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
None.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
From January 24, 1995 to December 14, 1995, the Company's common stock and
warrants were traded principally on the NASDAQ SmallCap Market ("NASDAQ") and
also on the Boston Stock Exchange ("BSE"). Effective December 15, 1995, the
Company's common stock and warrants began trading on NASDAQ and ceased
trading on the BSE. Effective June 28, 1996, subsequent to a call of the
warrants, all warrants were either exercised or expired, and trading in the
warrants terminated. The following table sets forth the high and low prices
for the Company's common stock during the period indicated:
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High Low
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1995
January 25 through March 31 ......... 5 4 3/8
2nd Quarter ......................... 5 1/2 4 1/4
3rd Quarter ......................... 7 5/8 4 1/2
4th Quarter ......................... 11 1/2 6 5/8
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High Low
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1996
1st Quarter ......................... 11 7 1/8
2nd Quarter ......................... 18 7
3rd Quarter ......................... 12 7/8 6 1/4
4th Quarter ......................... 14 1/4 9 1/8
1997
January 1 through March 18, 1997 .... 13 3/4 7 7/8
</TABLE>
The following table sets forth the high and low prices for the Company's
warrants during the period indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
High Low
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<S> <C> <C>
1995
January 25 through March 31 .... 2 1/4 1 3/8
2nd Quarter .................... 2 1/4 1 3/8
3rd Quarter .................... 3 7/8 1 11/16
4th Quarter .................... 7 5/8 3 1/8
1996
1st Quarter .................... 7 1/2 3 3/4
April 1 through June 28 ........ 14 1/4 3 13/16
</TABLE>
On March 18, 1997, the closing price of the Company's common stock was
$7.875.
There were approximately 72 shareholders of record as of March 18, 1997,
excluding the beneficial owners whose securities are held in street name
which the Company approximates at 3,000.
DIVIDEND POLICY
No dividends have been declared on the Company's common stock through
March 18, 1997 and the Board of Directors has no current intention to declare
or pay dividends on the common stock in the foreseeable future.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
As of, and for the years ended December 31,
1996 1995 1994 1993 1992
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<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Financial Operation
Net revenues ......................... $13,030,637 $ 9,515,433 $ 6,865,249 $5,805,711 $6,008,869
Operating costs and expenses ......... 22,576,475 12,935,571 8,356,429 6,225,905 5,638,509
Operating income (loss) .............. (9,545,838) (3,420,138) (1,491,180) (420,194) 370,360
Income (loss) before income taxes .... (8,801,457) (3,232,401) (1,456,473) (385,102) 371,358
Net income (loss) per share .......... (1.10) (.68) (.47) (.12) .10
Financial Position:
Cash, cash equivalents, and short term
investments ......................... $10,625,960 $13,979,009 $ 313,189 $1,375,850 $ 35,202
Working capital ...................... 13,795,613 16,084,594 844,478 2,129,919 519,025
Property, plant and equipment ........ 2,036,897 567,941 441,141 361,113 241,584
Total assets ......................... 20,103,064 18,932,434 3,010,579 3,838,518 2,032,157
Long-term debt ....................... -- -- -- -- --
Shareholders' equity ................. 16,198,895 16,989,104 1,015,913 2,511,916 781,914
</TABLE>
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The discussion and analysis below should be read in conjunction with the
Financial Statements of the Company and the Notes to Financial Statements
included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
OVERVIEW
The Company was founded in September 1982 to design, manufacture and
market digital signal processing hardware and software products. Prior to
1993, the Company devoted substantially all of its resources to sup-
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porting DSP chip vendors and DSP users by providing hardware and software
development tools to applications developers. From 1993 to mid-1995, the
Company directed its sales, marketing and product development efforts towards
the DSP OEM market. In mid-1995, the Company began development of certain
products targeting the CTI market. To date, the Company has announced and
shipped two high-density computer telephony modem boards. In June 1996, the
Company announced its intention to pursue products related to the ADSL
market. The Company, which had been generally profitable since inception,
began to incur losses in 1993 and incurred net losses of $8,801,457,
$3,223,401 and $1,399,072 for calendar years 1996, 1995 and 1994,
respectively. Such losses were incurred despite sales increases of 37% for
1996 compared to 1995, 39% for 1995 compared to 1994 and 18% for 1994
compared to 1993.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth certain Statements of Operations data as a
percentage of sales for the periods indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
For the years ended December 31,
-------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
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<S> <C> <C> <C>
Sales .............................. 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of goods sold ................. 51.8 48.5 48.0
--------- --------- ---------
Gross profit ...................... 48.2 51.5 52.0
Sales and marketing expenses ....... 33.3 30.7 28.2
General and administrative expenses 35.5 30.6 29.3
Research and development expenses .. 52.6 26.1 16.2
--------- --------- ---------
Loss from operations .............. (73.2) (35.9) (21.7)
Other, net ......................... 5.7 2.0 .5
--------- --------- ---------
Loss before income tax benefit .... (67.5) (33.9) (21.2)
Income tax benefit ................. -- -- .8
--------- --------- ---------
Net loss .......................... (67.5)% (33.9)% (20.4)%
========= ========= =========
</TABLE>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995
Worldwide sales were $13,030,637 for 1996, an increase of $3,515,204 or
37% from $9,515,433 for 1995. Domestic sales for 1996 were $11,476,056
compared to $7,578,844 for 1995, an increase of $3,897,212 or 51.4%. This
increase is the result of increased shipments of certain DSP OEM products as
well as first time shipments of the Company's T1-Modem product to certain
telecommunications customers. Export sales were $1,554,581 for 1996 compared
to $1,936,589 for 1995. The decrease of $382,008 is a result of lower
shipments in 1996 to a user of DSP boards in the audio industry. One customer
purchased one DSP OEM product that accounted for 32% of total sales for 1996.
The Company's backlog at December 31, 1996 included approximately $2,500,000
of orders for this customer, which will be shipped by March 31, 1997.
Gross profit increased to $6,277,608 for 1996 from $4,900,084 for 1995.
Gross profit margin, however, decreased from 51.5% in 1995 to 48.2% for 1996.
The decrease in gross profit margin for 1996 is a result of net sales for
1996 containing a high content of DSP OEM product sales that carried lower
gross margins than in 1995.
Sales and marketing expenses were $4,341,151 or 33.3% of sales for 1996
compared to $2,922,826 or 30.7% of sales for 1995. The increase of $1,418,325
includes $346,000 for salaries and wages reflecting the addition of several
full-time employees in the Company's sales support area. Advertising and
marketing expenses increased approximately $459,000 reflecting expenditures
for print advertising brochures and marketing programs associated with the
introduction of the Company's CTI and T1-Modem products as well as certain
OEM DSP products. Sales commissions incurred by direct sales employees
increased by approximately $118,000 reflecting the increase in volume for
1996.
9
<PAGE>
General and administrative expenses were $4,621,630 or 35.5% of net sales
for 1996 compared to $2,914,835 or 30.6%, an increase of $1,706,796 or 58.6%.
Salaries and wages increased by approximately $459,000 reflecting
non-recurring severance expense of $284,000 related to certain management
personnel and the addition of human resource and accounting managers.
Recruitment expenses increased by $256,000 reflecting placement fees for
certain staff positions and recruitment print advertising in major cities for
engineers and support staff. Relocation expense increased by $171,000
reflecting the relocation of a senior executive to our corporate office and
the closing of the Company's liaison office in Paris, France. Rent expense
increased by $290,000 reflecting principally the Company's occupancy of its
30,000 square foot corporate headquarters in January 1996. Legal fees
increased by $131,000 due primarily to increased activity in licensing and
labor law and OEM agreements. Investor relations expense increased by
$191,000 reflecting increased listing fees associated with the Company's
listing on the NASDAQ National Market, and a significant increase in investor
relations activity related to financial public relations.
Research and development expenditures were $6,860,665 or 52.6% of sales
compared to $2,482,561 or 26.1% of sales, an increase of $4,378,104. Salaries
and wages increased to $1,278,000 reflecting a significant increase in hiring
of engineering staff to meet the demand of internal product development in
both the CTI and CSG groups. Additionally, the Company incurred increased
consulting expenses of $1,486,000 related to certain product development
provided for CTI and CSG. For 1997, the Company anticipates that overall
spending for research and development is expected to increase over the 1996
level in order to meet scheduled release dates for new products.
For the foregoing reasons, the Company incurred a net loss of $8,801,457
for 1996 compared to a net loss of $3,233,401 for 1995.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1994
Worldwide sales increased by $2,650,184 or 39% to $9,515,433 for 1995 from
$6,865,249 for 1994. Domestic sales for 1995 were $7,578,844 compared to
$5,608,080 for 1994, an increase of $1,970,764 or 35.1%. The increase in
sales was due to the introduction of several new OEM products during 1994 as
part of the Company's shift in marketing strategy, which had minimal impact
on sales during 1994. Export sales increased to $1,936,589 for 1995 from
$1,257,169 in 1994, an increase of $679,420 or 54.0%. The increase was the
result of sales to a foreign affiliate of a domestic OEM customer.
Gross profit increased to $4,900,084 for 1995 from $3,569,931 for 1994.
Gross profit margin decreased slightly to 51.5% in 1995 from 52.0% in 1994.
The slight decrease in gross profit margin reflects the change in product mix
to the OEM market which resulted in higher unit volumes with reduced gross
profit margins compared to prior years. Over the last six months of 1995,
gross profit margin was 53.9% compared to 52.3% for the last six months of
1994. The improved gross profit margin trend over the last six months of 1995
reflects a positive mix of sales of products and product configurations with
higher gross margins.
Sales and marketing expenses were $2,922,826 or 30.7% of sales for 1995
compared to $1,937,227 or 28.2% of sales for 1994. The increase of $985,599
or 51% for 1995 includes approximately $370,000 in salaries and wages
reflecting additions to the field sales force and to technical staff in San
Francisco, California and Paris, France, as well as expansion of the
marketing and sales support groups during 1995. Salesmen's commissions
increased by approximately $235,000 as a result of the increase in sales
volume for 1995. Travel and related expenses increased by approximately
$177,000 reflecting the significant increase in travel for the Company's
field sales force and senior sales executives for 1995 compared to 1994. The
Company expects sales and marketing expenses to increase as the Company
further expands sales and marketing efforts as part of the expansion of its
CTI business.
General and administrative expenses were $2,914,835 or 30.6% of sales for
1995 compared to $2,012,490 or 29.3% of sales for 1994. The increase of
approximately $902,000 or 45% includes an increase of $203,131 in salaries
and wages related to the addition of a Chief Financial Officer (effective May
1, 1995), a Corporate Controller (November 1994), and certain other staff and
clerical positions, some of whom were not employed by the Company until 1995.
Payroll related expenses increased by approximately $101,000 reflecting the
employee headcount increase December 31, 1994 to December 31, 1995.
Recruitment and relocation expenses increased
10
<PAGE>
by $95,000 as a result of the recruitment and relocation of certain senior
level management and engineering personnel. Commercial insurance costs
increased by $122,000, principally reflecting premium expense for directors
and officers liability insurance, which was not in effect in 1994. Health and
life insurance expenses increased by $100,000 due to the increase in
headcount in 1995. Consulting and contracting expenses increased by $101,000,
primarily related to the retention of a consultant who provides management
advisory services.
Research and development expenditures were $2,482,561 or 26.1% of sales
for 1995 compared to $1,111,394 or 16.2% of sales for 1994, an increase of
$1,371,167 or 123.4%. The increase was due primarily to hiring additional
engineers to meet the demands for product development testing and engineering
activities related to developing products specifically for the OEM
marketplace. Additionally, during the second quarter of 1995, the Company
hired a core group of senior level software engineers and a general manager
to pursue opportunities in the CTI industry.
For the foregoing reasons, the Company incurred a net loss of $3,223,401
for 1995 compared to a net loss of $1,399,072 for 1994.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
During 1996, there was a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents of
$9,352,426, of which a net amount of $5,930,544 was used to purchase marketable
securities, resulting in a year-end balance of $4,626,583. Cash and cash
equivalents at December 31, 1995 amounted to $13,979,000. Working capital
amounted to $13,795,613 in December 31, 1996 compared to $16,084,594 at
December 31, 1995, a decrease of $2,288,981.
Net cash used in operating activities for 1996 was $9,147,539. The
negative cash flow from operations was the result of the Company's net loss
of $8,801,457 for the year ended December 31, 1996. Additionally, trade
accounts receivables increased by $1,874,607 reflecting increased sales
volume during the fourth quarter of 1996, and specifically in the month of
December, 1996. Inventories increased by $1,312,492 as a result of the
Company's decision to order key raw material components in ample quantity to
meet anticipated demand of its CTI T1-Modem product which began shipping
during the third quarter of 1996. Net cash used in operating activities for
1995 was $5.1 million. The negative cash flow from operations was due
primarily to a loss of approximately $3.2 million and an increase in
inventory of approximately $1.2 million in anticipation of meeting increased
customer demand on a timely basis. In addition, accounts receivable increased
by approximately $745,000 reflecting the significant increase in sales for
1995.
Net cash used in investing activities for 1996 amounted to $8,011,951
reflecting a net amount of $5,930,544 used to purchase high quality government
agency securities with maturities greater than three months, and $2,081,407
reflecting purchases of computer and peripheral equipment to support the
increase in engineering and professional staff and purchase of the equipment
and leasehold improvements related to the Company's relocation to a larger
facility in January 1996. Net cash used in investing activities for 1995
included approximately $437,000 in capital expenditures which was used
primarily for the acquisition of computer hardware for engineering and
professional staff added in 1996.
Cash flows from financing activities for 1996 amounted to $7,807,064. As
previously discussed, the Company received $6,554,501 from the exercise of
the outstanding publicly traded warrants. Additionally, the Company received
$768,000 resulting from the exercise of 150,000 unit purchase options issued
to the Company's underwriters in conjunction with its Initial Public
Offering. Such options entitle the holder to purchase for an aggregate
consideration of $768,000, 150,000 Underwriter Units. Upon exercise, each
Underwriter Unit entitles the holder to one share of common stock and one
warrant. The Company also received $516,087 from the exercise of outstanding
stock options. Cash flows from financing activities for 1995 were
approximately $19.2 million. On December 31, 1995, the Company had working
capital of $16,084,594, including $13,979,000 in cash and cash equivalents.
The Company began 1995 with cash and cash equivalents of approximately
$313,000 and in January 1995 received net proceeds of approximately $5.7
million from its initial public offering. In December 1995, the Company
received net proceeds of approximately $13.5 million from its secondary stock
offering.
On January 31, 1995, the Company completed its initial public offering
pursuant to which it sold 1,725,000 Units, each comprised of one share of the
Company's common stock and one redeemable common stock purchase warrant
exercisable after January 24, 1996 at $3.50 per share. The Company received
net proceeds of approximately $5.5 million after payment of certain expenses
from such offering.
11
<PAGE>
On December 20, 1995, the Company completed a secondary offering of its
securities in which it sold 2,040,000 common shares at $7.50 per share. After
payment of all expenses associated with the offering, the Company realized
net proceeds of approximately $14 million.
Effective January 24, 1996, the Company's outstanding publicly traded
warrants became eligible for exercise and under certain circumstances, could
be called for redemption by the Company at a price per warrant of $0.01. On
May 26, 1996, the Company notified all registered holders of warrants that it
had elected to redeem on or after June 28, 1996 all warrants outstanding on
the redemption date. Each holder of a warrant called for redemption could,
within 30 days, elect to preempt the redemption by exercising the warrant and
purchasing one share of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of
$3.50. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $6,555,000 with
respect to the exercise of such warrants.
The Company recently began discussions with a number of lending
institutions to secure up to $15 million in medium term financing (defined as
a minimum of three years and a maximum of five years). Management believes
that cash, short-term investments and such financing will be adequate to
support operating cash requirements for the foreseeable future.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
See Financial Statements beginning on page F-1.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT.
The following sets forth certain information regarding the Company's
executive officers and directors. Except as otherwise set forth herein,
executive officers serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Age Position
------------------- ----- --------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Anthony M. Agnello 47 Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer
Jeffrey M. Sasmor . 46 Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, Secretary and Director
Brian A. Hoerl .... 41 President and Chief Operating Officer
Gerard E. Dorsey .. 50 Senior Vice President -- Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Mark D. Clayton ... 40 Director
Edward D. Horowitz 49 Director
Harold W. Paul .... 48 Director
Etienne A. Perold . 41 Director
Robert J. Ranalli . 59 Director
</TABLE>
Anthony M. Agnello co-founded the Company with Mr. Clayton in 1982 and has
served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. He also held the
title of President from 1988 until September 17, 1996.
Jeffrey M. Sasmor has served as Vice President and Director of the Company
since 1987. He was appointed Secretary effective June 18, 1996 and Vice
Chairman of the Board of Directors on February 27, 1997.
Brian A. Hoerl was appointed President and Chief Operating Officer
effective September 17, 1996. He was previously Vice President of Sales since
November 1993. From December 1991 through October 1993, he was the Northeast
District Sales Manager for Spectron Microsystems, Inc., a California based
manufacturer of DSP operating systems.
Gerard E. Dorsey joined the Company in April 1995. Previously, he was
President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Information
Management Technologies Corporation from December 1990 until September 1994.
From August 1987 until December 1990, he was Corporate Treasurer of Loral
Corporation.
Mark D. Clayton co-founded the Company with Mr. Agnello in 1982, has
served in various capacities with the Company since inception and as
Executive Vice President and Secretary until June 18, 1996 and Director since
1988.
12
<PAGE>
Edward D. Horowitz is a Director of the Company and a member of the Audit
Committee. From 1989 to 1996, Mr. Horowitz was employed by Viacom
International Inc., most recently as Senior Vice President - Technology. He
was also the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Viacom Interactive
Media, and is a Director of Star Sight Telecast. Effective January 1997, Mr.
Horowitz became Executive Vice President of Advanced Development of CitiCorp.
Harold W. Paul is a Director of the Company and member of the Compensation
Committee. For more than five years, Mr. Paul has been a partner at Berger &
Paul, L.L.P., a New York law firm specializing in securities matters.
Etienne A. Perold is a Director of the Company and member of the
Compensation Committee. For more than five years Mr. Perold has been a
management consultant specializing in the the area of organizational
communication and leadership development.
Robert J. Ranalli is a Director of the Company and a member of the Audit
Committee. Mr. Ranalli served as President of AT&T Consumer Services from
1984 until his retirement in 1994, and three year terms each as Chairman of
the Board for AT&T Universal Card Services and AT&T Transtech Services.
The Company's Board of Directors is composed of seven directors. The Board
of Directors are divided into three classes and the members of each class are
elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders held in the year in which
the terms for that class expire, as follows: Messrs. Perold and Sasmor are
Class 1 Directors, with terms expiring in 1999; Messrs. Clayton, Ranalli and
Horowitz are Class II Directors, with terms expiring in 1997; and Messrs.
Agnello and Paul are Class III Directors, with terms expiring in 1998. The
incumbent Board serves as a nominating committee for new directors.
Two of the Company's present directors are full-time employees who do not
receive additional renumeration for serving as directors. In 1995, the
Company compensated outside (i.e. non-employee) directors by issuing options
to purchase 30,000 shares of common stock to Mr. Paul, options to purchase
10,000 shares of common stock to Mr. Perold, and options to purchase 50,000
shares of common stock to each of Messrs. Horowitz and Ranalli. In 1995, the
Company granted to each outside director options to purchase 10,000 shares of
common stock and, in the case of Messrs. Ranalli and Horowitz, options to
purchase 25,000 shares of common stock for each year such outside director
serves on the Board. In 1996, the Company granted 36,000 options from the
1996 Directors Plan to Mr. Perold - 12,000 per year, for his continued
services as a director through the 1999 Annual Stockholders Meeting. The
Company also reimburses its outside directors for their expenses incurred in
attending meetings of the Board of Directors.
KEY EMPLOYEES
The following employee is recognized by Ariel to play an important part in
the Company's operations.
John Lynch, 40, has been employed as Vice President of CTI since June
1995. Mr Lynch was appointed Chief Technology Officer in March 1997.
Prior thereto, he was Research and Development Director of the AT&T ME
Modem and Multimedia Department. From 1989 to 1993, he was Program Manager of
VCOS Multimedia Products for AT&T Microelectronics.
ADVISORY BOARD
The Company has established an Advisory Board whose function is to assist
the Company in identifying technological and product development
opportunities and to provide marketing and financial advice. The role of the
Advisory Board is advisory only and, although management may be influenced by
the recommendations of the Advisory Board, the Advisory Board possesses no
decision-making authority on behalf of the Company. The members of the
Advisory Board are as follows:
Irwin Lieber has served for more than five years as President and Chief
Executive Officer of GeoCapital Corp., a registered investment advisor. Mr.
Lieber served as a director of Gates/FA from May 1987 to August 1994. He also
served from June 1985 to February 1994 as a director of Cheyenne Software,
Inc. ("Cheyenne") engaged in the development and sale of computer software
products. He is also a general partner of Applewood Associates, L.P., a
principal stockholder of the Company, and a general partner of 21st Century
Communications Partners, L.P.
13
<PAGE>
Eli Oxenhorn served as Chairman of the Board of Cheyenne from October 1986
until May 1994 and as President and Chief Executive Officer of Cheyenne from
October 1986 to October 1993.
Barry Rubenstein was one of the founders of Cheyenne and held several
positions in its senior management. He is currently a private investor and
for more than five years has been a general partner of Woodland Partners, an
investment partnership. He is also a general partner of Applewood Associates,
L.P., a principal stockholder of the Company, and a general partner of 21st
Century Communications Partners, L.P.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table summarizes the compensation earned over the last three
fiscal years by the Chief Executive Officer, three executive officers and two
other individuals who were not serving as executive officers at year end,
whose earned compensation exceeded $100,000 for the year ended December 31,
1996.
SUMMARY COMPENSATION SCHEDULE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Annual Compensation Long-Term Compensation
----------------------------------------- -----------------------------
Other Annual Number of All Other
Compensation Compensation
Year Salary Bonus (4) Options (5)
------ ------------ -------- -------------- ----------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Anthony Agnello . 1996 $202,408 $65,000 $ 19,669 -- $ 4,476
1995 160,000 -- 12,863 -- 4,620
1994 186,937(1) -- -- -- 4,497
Brian Hoerl ..... 1996 159,470 36,888 13,214 50,000 --
1995 -- -- -- -- --
1994 -- -- -- -- --
Jeffrey Sasmor .. 1996 154,166 30,000 137,747(7) -- 3,578
1995 140,000 -- 15,775 -- 2,800
1994 140,100(3) -- 12,182 95,750 2,800
Gerard E. Dorsey 1996 150,000 -- 20,020 -- 4,500
1995 -- -- -- -- --
1994 -- -- -- -- --
John Lynch ...... 1996 148,847 -- 12,092 -- 4,465
1995 -- -- -- -- --
1994 -- -- -- -- --
Mark Clayton .... 1996 72,365 -- 12,591 -- 87,291(6)
1995 150,000 -- 13,212 -- 4,500
1994 183,585(2) -- -- -- 4,497
</TABLE>
- ------
(1) Includes $11,937 of royalties earned and $15,000 of royalties paid in
1994. See "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions."
(2) Includes $8,585 of royalties earned and $25,000 of royalties paid in
1994. See "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions."
(3) Includes $100 of royalties paid in 1994.
(4) Represents contributions made by the Company to the Company's medical and
life insurance plans, a Company-provided automobile and club dues.
(5) Represents the Company's contributions to the Company's 401 (k) plan and
profit sharing plan on behalf of its executive officers.
(6) Includes severance payment of $85,006.
(7) Includes $114,184 of relocation expenses.
14
<PAGE>
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
Anthony M. Agnello and Jeffrey M. Sasmor are each employed under a
three-year employment agreement, pursuant to which they are paid annual base
salaries of $202,408 and $154,166 respectively. Gerard E. Dorsey is also
employed under a three-year employment agreement, effective May 1, 1995, and
pursuant to which he is paid an annual base salary of $150,000 with an
additional allowance of $7,200 per year and a grant of 100,000 non-qualified
stock options from the 1994 Stock Option Plan. Brian Hoerl is also employed
under a three year employment agreement pursuant to which he is paid an
annual base salary of $190,000. Each of these four employees receives an
automobile allowance and each may also receive annual bonuses at the sole
discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company, based upon financial and
operating performance of the Company. Messrs. Agnello, Sasmor and Hoerl have
executed non-competition and non-solicitation agreements with the Company
covering the two years following termination of their employment pursuant to
which they have agreed not to solicit the customers or employees of the
Company or become employed by or otherwise associated with a competitor of
the Company.
ROYALTY PAYMENT AGREEMENT
Effective September 30, 1994, the Company and Messrs. Agnello and Clayton
entered into a written royalty agreement which terminated a prior oral
agreement to pay them royalties, in lieu of cash compensation, on certain
products which they had developed. Through December 31, 1996, accrued but
unpaid royalties to them amounted to $154,021. The royalty agreement
terminated their right to receive further royalties from the sale of such
products and the unpaid amounts are payable to them, without interest, in
nine equal monthly, installments beginning August 1, 1996.
1995 STOCK OPTION PLAN
The Company adopted its 1995 Incentive Stock Option Plan ("Plan"), which
was approved by the Company's stockholders at the annual meeting of
stockholders on May 14, 1996. The Board believes that the Plan is desirable
to attract and retain executives and other key employees of outstanding
ability. Under the Plan, options to purchase an aggregate of not more than
600,000 shares of the Company's common stock may be granted.
The Plan is administered by the Board of Directors, which may empower a
committee of Directors to administer the Plan. The Board is generally
empowered to interpret the Plan, prescribe rules and regulations relating
thereto, determine the terms of the option agreements, amend them with the
consent of the optionee, determine the employees to whom options are to be
granted, and determine the number of shares subject to each option and the
exercise price thereof. The per-share exercise price for incentive stock
options ("ISO") and for non-qualified stock options ("NQSO") will not be less
than the greater of $4.00 per share or 100% of the fair market value of a
share of the common stock on the date the option is granted (110% of fair
market value on the date of grant of an ISO if the optionee owns more than
10% of the common stock of the Company). Upon exercise of an option, the
optionee may pay the exercise price with previously acquired securities of
the Company, or at the discretion of the Board, the Company may loan some or
all of the purchase price to the optionee.
Options will be exercisable for a term determined by the Board, which will
not be greater than ten years from the date of grant. Options may be
exercised only while the original grantee has a relationship with the Company
which confers eligibility to be granted options or within three months after
termination of such relationship with the Company, or up to one year after
death or total and permanent disability. In the event of the termination of
such relationship between the original grantee and the Company for cause (as
defined in the Plan), all options granted to that original optionee terminate
immediately. In the event of certain basic changes in the Company, including
a change in control of the Company (as defined in the Plan), in the
discretion of the Committee each option may become fully and immediately
exercisable. ISOs are not transferable other than by will or the laws of
descent and distribution. NQSOs may be transferred to the optionee's spouse
or lineal descendants, subject to certain restrictions. Options may be
exercised during the holder's lifetime only by the holder, his or her
guardian or legal representative.
15
<PAGE>
Options granted pursuant to the Plan may be designated as ISOs, with the
attendant tax benefits provided under Section 421 and 422 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986. Accordingly, the Plan provides that the aggregate fair
market value (determined at the time an ISO is granted) of the common stock
subject to ISOs exercisable for the first time by an employee during any
calendar year (under all plans of the Company and its subsidiaries) may not
exceed $100,000. The Board may modify, suspend or terminate the Plan;
provided, however, that certain material modifications affecting the Plan
must be approved by the stockholders, and any change in the Plan must be
approved by the stockholders, and any change in the Plan that may adversely
affect an optionee's rights under an option previously granted under the Plan
requires the consent of the optionee.
1996 DIRECTORS PLAN
The 1996 Directors Plan was adopted by the Board of Directors on January
24, 1996 and approved by the stockholders of the Company at the Annual
Meeting of Stockholders held on May 14, 1996. The Plan provides for the
issuance of up to 250,000 stock options to non-employee directors in the
aggregate. The Plan is administered by a committee appointed by the Board of
Directors. The Plan is effective for a period of ten years from the date it
was adopted. The Plan is not subject to any provisions of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA").
36,000 options have been granted pursuant to the 1996 Directors Plan to
date. The ability of a grantee to purchase the common stock under the 1996
Plan is terminated if his or her service with the Company is terminated,
provided that in certain circumstances the grantee or his estate will have
the right to purchase the common stock after termination of service for a
limited period of time. The right to acquire common stock is not transferable
except in the circumstances of death. In the event that a reorganization,
merger, consolidation, reclassification, recapitalization or capital
adjustment including a stock dividend or other similar change in the common
stock of the Company, equitable adjustment shall be made by the Company in
the number of kind and kind of shares that may be acquired under the 1996
Directors Plan. Common stock that may be acquired under the 1996 Directors
Plan may be acquired by the surrender of other shares of common stock owned
by the employee or the surrender of an unexercised portion of the right to
acquire common stock under the 1996 Directors Plan.
1997 STOCK OPTION PLAN
On October 20, 1996, the Board of Directors unanimously adopted a
resolution authorizing a new stock option plan entitled the Ariel Corporation
1997 Stock Option Plan ('the Plan"), subject to approval by the Company
stockholders at the next annual meeting of stockholders planned for June
1997. The Board believes that the Plan is desirable and necessary to attract
and retain executives and key employees. Under the Plan, options to purchase
an aggregate of not more than 600,000 shares of common stock may be granted.
The terms of the Plan are virtually identical to the current 1995 Stock
Option Plan.
16
<PAGE>
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial
ownership of the Company's common stock as of December 31, 1996 by: (i) each
stockholder known by the Company to be the beneficial owner of five percent
or more of the outstanding common stock, (ii) each director and executive
officer of the Company individually, and (iii) all directors and executive
officers as a group. Except as otherwise indicated in the footnotes below,
the Company believes that each of the beneficial owners of the common stock
listed in the table, based on information furnished by such owner, has sole
investment and voting power with respect to such shares.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Shares
Name and Address Beneficially Owned Percentage
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Anthony M. Agnello ............................... 779,000 8.7%
2540 Route 130
Cranbury, NJ 08512
Mark D. Clayton .................................. 735,000 8.2%
2540 Route 130
Cranbury, NJ 08512
Jeffrey M. Sasmor ................................ 167,875(1) 1.9%
2540 Route 130
Cranbury, NJ 08512
Brian Hoerl ...................................... 37,500(2) *
2540 Route 130
Cranbury, NJ 08512
Gerard E. Dorsey ................................. 25,000(3) *
2540 Route 130
Cranbury, NJ 08512
Robert J. Ranalli ................................ 50,000(4) *
2540 Route 130
Cranbury, NJ 08512
Edward D. Horowitz ............................... 50,000(4) *
2540 Route 130
Cranbury, NJ 08512
Etienne A. Perold ................................ 35,500(5) *
2540 Route 130
Cranbury, NJ 08512
Harold W. Paul ................................... 31,500(6) *
630 Third Ave.
New York, NY 10017
All Officers and Directors as a group (nine
people) ......................................... 1,911,375 21.4%
</TABLE>
- ------
* Less than one percent.
(1) Includes 27,875 shares subject to presently exercisable options.
(2) Includes 37,500 shares subject to presently exercisable options.
(3) Includes 25,000 shares subject to presently exercisable options.
(4) All shares beneficially owned by Messrs. Ranalli and Horowitz reflect
options issued in exchange for their services as directors.
(5) Includes 35,500 shares subject to presently exercisable options.
(6) Includes 10,000 shares subject to presently exercisable options.
17
<PAGE>
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
In 1982, the Company entered into an oral agreement with Messrs. Agnello
and Clayton to pay royalties, in lieu of cash bonuses, on certain products
they developed. For 1993, Messrs. Agnello and Clayton earned royalties of
$59,000 and $48,000 respectively, and Mr. Agnello received a royalty payment
of $69,000 with respect to royalties earned but not paid in prior years. For
1993, Messrs. Agnello and Clayton earned royalties of $26,000 and $29,000
respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 1994, Messrs. Agnello
and Clayton earned royalties of $12,000 and $9,000, respectively, and were
paid $15,000 and $25,000, respectively. Prior to September 30, 1994, these
royalties were payable on demand without interest. Effective September 30,
1994, the Company and Messrs. Agnello and Clayton entered into a written
royalty agreement which terminated their oral agreement and their right to
receive further royalties from the sale of such products. Pursuant to this
agreement, the Company agreed to pay to Messrs. Agnello and Clayton the
accrued but unpaid royalties which amounted to approximately $209,000 and
$144,000, respectively, in nine equal monthly installments, without interest,
beginning August 1, 1996.
Mr. Perold, a director of the Company, has provided management advisory
services to the Company. Fees incurred for the years ended December 31, 1996,
1995, and 1994 were approximately $208,000, $125,000, and $13,000. Berger &
Paul, L.L.P., a law firm of which Mr. Paul, a director of the Company, is a
partner, received fees of approximately $70,000, $205,000, and $30,000 for
the year ended December 31, 1996, 1995, and 1994, respectively, for legal
services which it performs on behalf of the Company, including $119,000 for
services provided in connection with the Company's initial public offering.
The Company believes that the transactions described above were on terms
no less favorable than could have been obtained from unaffiliated third
parties. The Company has undertaken that all future transactions with its
executive officers, directors and 5% stockholders will be on terms no less
favorable than could be obtained from unaffiliated third parties and will be
approved by a majority of the directors of the Company disinterested in the
transaction.
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a)(1) Financial Statements
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Page
----------
<S> <C>
Report of Independent Accountants ................................................................... F-1
Balance Sheet as of December 31, 1996 and 1995 ...................................................... F-2
Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 ....................... F-3
Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 .. F-4
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 ....................... F-5
Notes to Financial Statements ....................................................................... F-6-16
</TABLE>
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules -- Schedules are omitted as not
required or applicable or because the required information is provided in the
financial statements including the notes thereto.
(a)(3) Exhibits
Exhibit 11 -- Statement of Computation of Per Share Amounts
Exhibit 23 -- Consent of Independent Accountants
Exhibit 27 -- Financial Data Schedule (filed electronically)
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
No reports on Form 8-K were filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this
report.
18
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
ARIEL CORPORATION:
We have audited the financial statements of ARIEL CORPORATION listed in
Item 14(a)(1) of this Form 10-K. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free
of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.
An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of Ariel Corporation as of
December 31, 1996 and 1995 and the results of its operations and its cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1996, in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
COOPERS & LYBRAND L.L.P.
Princeton, New Jersey
March 7, 1997
F-1
<PAGE>
ARIEL CORPORATION
BALANCE SHEETS
ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31,
-------------------------------
1996 1995
-------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents ............................. $ 4,626,583 $13,979,009
Marketable securities ................................. 5,999,377
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful
account of $212,678 in 1996 and $168,039 in 1995 .... 3,389,565 1,559,958
Inventories, net ...................................... 3,528,252 2,260,759
Prepaid expenses ...................................... 156,005 103,822
------------ ------------
Total current assets ............................. 17,699,782 17,903,548
Equipment .................................................. 2,036,897 567,941
Other assets ............................................... 366,385 460,945
------------ ------------
Total assets ..................................... $20,103,064 $18,932,434
============ ============
</TABLE>
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Current liabilities
<S> <C> <C>
Accounts payable ...................................... $ 1,840,986 $ 486,291
Accrued expenses ...................................... 1,826,591 1,059,860
Notes payable, related parties ........................ 154,021 196,295
Royalties payable ..................................... 82,571 76,508
------------ -----------
Total current liabilities ........................ 3,904,169 1,818,954
Notes payable, related parties, net of discount of $32,621
in 1995 -- 124,376
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $.001 par value:
Authorized -- 2,000,000 shares
Issued and outstanding -- none
Common stock, $.001 par value:
Authorized -- 20,000,000 shares
Issued and outstanding -- 8,949,975 shares in 1996
and 6,798,625 shares in 1995 ..................... 8,950 6,799
Additional paid-in capital ............................ 29,321,748 21,133,832
Unearned compensation expense related to stock options . (178,819) --
Accumulated deficit ................................... (12,952,984) (4,151,527)
------------ -----------
Total stockholders' equity ....................... 16,198,895 16,989,104
------------ -----------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity ....... $ 20,103,064 $18,932,434
============ ===========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
F-2
<PAGE>
ARIEL CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
For the years ended December 31,
-------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
-------------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Sales .................................. $13,030,637 $ 9,515,433 $ 6,865,249
Cost of goods sold ..................... 6,753,029 4,615,349 3,295,318
------------ ------------ ------------
Gross profit ...................... 6,277,608 4,900,084 3,569,931
------------ ------------ ------------
Selling and marketing expenses ......... 4,341,151 2,922,826 1,937,227
General and administrative expenses .... 4,621,630 2,914,835 2,012,490
Research and development expenses ...... 6,860,665 2,482,561 1,111,394
------------ ------------ ------------
Total operating expenses ........ 15,823,446 8,320,222 5,061,111
------------ ------------ ------------
Loss from operations ............ (9,545,838) (3,420,138) (1,491,180)
Interest income ........................ 702,665 184,420 14,885
Interest expense ....................... (36,552) (34,743) (10,309)
Other income ........................... 78,268 47,060 30,131
------------ ------------ ------------
Loss before income tax benefit .... (8,801,457) (3,223,401) (1,456,473)
Income tax benefit ..................... 0 0 57,401
------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss .......................... $(8,801,457) $(3,223,401) $(1,399,072)
============ ============ ============
Weighted average number of common shares
outstanding .......................... 7,979,249 4,739,083 2,993,011
============ ============ ============
Net loss per share ..................... $ (1.10) $ (0.68) $ (0.47)
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
F-3
<PAGE>
ARIEL CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1995 AND 1994
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Unearned Retained
Common Stock Additional Deferred Compensation Earnings Total
-------------------- Paid-In Financing Related to (Accumulated Stockholders
Shares Amount Capital Costs Stock Options Deficit) Equity
----------- -------- ------------- ----------- --------------- --------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1993 .... 2,950,000 $2,950 $ 2,038,020 -- -- $ 470,946 $ 2,511,916
Issuance of common stock ........ 40,625 41 40,584 -- -- -- 40,625
Issuance of common stock ........ 43,000 43 68,757 $ (68,800) -- -- --
Additional paid-in capital in
connection with discount of
royalty payable ................ -- -- 69,275 -- -- -- 69,275
Cost incurred in connection with
issuance of common stock ....... -- -- -- (206,831) -- -- (206,831)
1994 Net Loss ................... -- -- -- -- -- (1,399,072) (1,399,072)
----------- -------- ------------- ----------- --------------- --------------- --------------
Balance at December 31, 1994 .... 3,033,625 3,034 2,216,636 (275,631) -- (928,126) 1,015,913
Issuance of 1,725,000 units, each
unit consisting of one share of
common stock and one redeemable
common stock purchase warrant .. 1,725,000 1,725 5,381,577 275,631 -- -- 5,658,933
Issuance of 2,040,000 shares of
common stock ................... 2,040,000 2,040 13,535,619 -- -- 13,537,659
1995 Net Loss ................... -- -- -- -- -- (3,223,401) (3,223,401)
----------- -------- ------------- ----------- --------------- --------------- --------------
Balance at December 31, 1995 .... 6,798,625 6,799 21,133,832 -- -- (4,151,527) 16,989,104
Issuance of 1,872,630 shares of
common stock in connection with
the exercise of redeemable
common stock purchase warrants . 1,872,630 1,873 6,552,628 -- -- -- 6,554,501
Issuance of common stock in
connection with exercise of
150,000 underwriter purchase
options ........................ 150,000 150 767,850 -- -- -- 768,000
Issuance of common stock in
connection with exercise of
128,720 common stock options ... 128,720 129 515,958 -- -- -- 516,087
Costs incurred in connection with
the issuance of common stock ... -- -- (31,524) -- -- -- (31,524)
Unearned compensation related to
stock options .................. -- -- 383,004 -- (383,004) -- --
Amortization of unearned
compensation ................... -- -- -- -- 204,185 -- 204,185
1996 Net Loss ................... -- -- -- -- -- (8,801,457) (8,801,457)
----------- -------- ------------- ----------- --------------- --------------- --------------
Balance at December 31, 1996 .... 8,949,975 $8,950 $29,321,748 $ -- $ (178,819) $(12,952,984) $16,198,895
=========== ======== ============= =========== =============== =============== ==============
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.
F-4
<PAGE>
ARIEL CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
For the years ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
--------------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss ............................................... $ (8,801,457) $(3,223,401) $(1,399,072)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in
operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization ..................... 624,552 280,919 161,684
Amortization of discount on royalties payable ..... 29,623 29,675 6,979
Amortization of discounts on investments .......... (68,833) -- --
Deferred income taxes ............................. -- -- 122,599
Provision for doubtful accounts ................... 45,000 68,285 44,957
Provision for inventory obsolescence .............. 45,000 90,000 22,500
Non-cash compensation expense ..................... 204,185 -- 40,625
(Increase) decrease in assets:
Accounts receivable ............................... (1,874,607) (744,886) (252,145)
Inventories ....................................... (1,312,492) (1,197,771) (121,918)
Other assets ...................................... 42,377 (344,863) (20,687)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses ............. 2,109,323 31,013 640,357
Royalties payable ................................. 6,063 (82,811) 25,054
Notes payable ..................................... (196,273) -- --
--------------- -------------- --------------
Net cash used in operating activities ........... (9,147,539) (5,093,840) (729,067)
--------------- -------------- --------------
Cash flows used in investing activities:
Purchases of investments ............................. (13,394,624) -- --
Proceeds from the sale and maturity of investments ... 7,464,080 -- --
Purchase of equipment ................................ (2,081,407) (436,932) (225,168)
Note receivable, related party ....................... -- -- 50,000
--------------- -------------- --------------
Net cash used in investing activities ................ (8,011,951) (436,932) (175,168)
--------------- -------------- --------------
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of common stock, net of expenses .. -- 19,196,592 (158,426)
Proceeds from exercise of redeemable common stock
purchase warrants ................................. 6,554,501 -- --
Proceeds from exercise of underwriter purchase options 768,000 -- --
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options ....... 516,087 -- --
Deferred financing costs ............................. (31,524) -- --
--------------- -------------- --------------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing
activities ................................... 7,807,064 19,196,592 (158,426)
--------------- -------------- --------------
Net increase (decrease) in cash ........................ (9,352,426) 13,665,820 (1,062,661)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year ......... 13,979,009 313,189 1,375,850
--------------- -------------- --------------
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period ............. $ 4,626,583 $13,979,009 $ 313,189
=============== ============== ==============
</TABLE>
The accompaying notes are an intergal part of the financial statements.
F-5
<PAGE>
ARIEL CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. ORGANIZATION:
Ariel Corporation (the "Company") is a digital signal processing ("DSP")
technology company. DSP is an enabling technology in many rapidly growing
technology markets. Ariel utilizes its DSP expertise to create products for
the OEM and telecommunications industry.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
REVENUE RECOGNITION:
Revenue is derived from the sale of hardware and software products (the
"products") for scientific, military, industrial and commercial use. The
Company recognizes the sale of a product at the time the product is shipped
to the customer and when both the collection of the resulting receivable is
probable and no significant vendor and/or post-contract customer support
obligations remain. Subsequent to the sale of a product, the Company has
agreed to provide insignificant vendor and/or post-customer support at no
cost to the customer. The cost of such additional support is accrued for at
the time of the sale; however, such amount is not material.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS:
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original
maturities of three months or less, to be cash equivalents.
INVESTMENTS:
The Company's current investment policy is to invest available cash
balances in high quality debt securities. The cost of securities sold is
based on the specific identification method.
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK:
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to a
concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents
and trade receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with
commercial banks. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade
receivables are limited due to the large number of customers comprising the
Company's customer base, and their dispersion across many different
industries and geographies. Generally, the Company does not require
collateral to support customer receivables.
INVENTORIES:
Inventories are stated at lower of cost or market using the first-in,
first-out ("FIFO") method. The Company computes the lower of cost or market
in accordance with the specific identification method based upon an estimate
of future customer product orders.
The markets for the Company's products are characterized by rapidly
changing technology and the consequential obsolescence of relatively new
products. The Company has recorded certain estimated reserves against
inventories related to such technological obsolescence.
EQUIPMENT:
Equipment consists principally of computer equipment and software, office
equipment and furniture and fixtures and is stated at cost. Depreciation is
provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the
assets, which are generally three to five years. Expenditures for maintenance
and repairs, which do not extend the economic useful life of the related
assets, are charged to operations as incurred. Gains or losses on disposal of
equipment are reflected in the statements of operations.
F-6
<PAGE>
ESTIMATES USED IN PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT COSTS:
The Company accounts for software development costs in accordance with
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 86, "Accounting for the Costs
of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased or Marketed" ("SFAS 86"). SFAS 86
requires that certain software product development costs, incurred after
technological feasibility has been established, be capitalized and amortized,
commencing upon the general release of the software product to the Company's
customers, over the economic life of the software product. Costs incurred
after technological feasibility has been established are not material.
PER SHARE DATA:
The per share data appearing in the statements of operations for the years
ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 have been prepared in accordance with
the Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 15. Such amount has been computed
based on the loss for the period divided by the weighted average number of
shares of common stock outstanding. The weighted average number of shares
outstanding excludes the number of common shares issuable upon the exercise
of outstanding stock options and warrants since such inclusion would be anti-
dilutive.
The per share data for the year ended December 31, 1994, was computed in
accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting
Bulletin No. 64 ("SAB 64"), which requires that the weighted average number
of shares of common stock outstanding during the year be increased for
certain shares, or stock options, issued within one year or in contemplation
of the Company's initial public offering, and that such shares be treated as
if outstanding for all periods prior to the effective date of the initial
public offering. The weighted average number of shares outstanding was
3,165,383, resulting in a net loss per share of $0.44.
INCOME TAXES:
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, "Accounting for Income
Taxes" ("SFAS 109"). SFAS 109 requires recognition of deferred tax
liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events
that have been included in the financial statements or tax return. Under this
method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the
difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and
liabilities ("temporary differences") using enacted tax rates in effect for
the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.
ADVERTISING / MARKETING:
Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to
$943,050, $483,757 and $487,192 for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995,
and 1994, respectively.
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
For the years ended December 31,
------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
--------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Interest paid ........... $65,657 $5,068 $3,330
Income taxes paid ........ $ -0- $ -0- $ -0-
</TABLE>
NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Included in accounts payable and accrued expenses at December 31, 1996,
1995 and 1994 were $27,688, $15,587 and $44,802 of equipment purchases,
respectively.
F-7
<PAGE>
Also see Notes 9 and 10 for additional non-cash transactions in connection
with the issuance of shares of common stock in consideration for services
rendered and the discount related to royalties payable to related parties.
ADOPTION OF STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS:
The Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and
Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of" ("SFAS 121") in 1996. SFAS 121 requires
companies to review their long-lived assets and certain identifiable
intangibles (collectively, "Long-Lived Assets") for impairment whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a
Long-Lived Asset may not be recoverable. Impairment is measured using the
lower of a Long-Lived Asset's book value or fair value, as defined.
The Company adopted the disclosure only provisions of Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation" ("SFAS 123") in 1996. SFAS 123 requires companies to estimate
the fair value of common stock, stock options, or other equity instruments
("Equity Instruments") issued to employees using pricing models which take
into account various factors such as current price of the common stock,
volatility and expected life of the Equity Instrument. The Company continues
to account for stock options under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No.
25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25").
In February 1997, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 128. "Earnings per Share" ("SFAS 128"), which simplifies existing
computational guidelines, revises disclosure requirements and increases the
comparability of earnings per share data on an international basis. The Company
is currently evaluating the impact of the new statement. This statement is
effective for financial statements for periods ending after December 15, 1997
and requires restatement of all prior-period earnings per share data presented.
RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain amounts have been reclassified in order to conform to the current
year's presentation.
3. INVESTMENTS:
The Company's current investment balances are classified as "available
for-sale," in accordance with Statements of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities."
For the year ended December 31, 1996, securities were sold for proceeds of
approximately $7.5 million and a net gain which was insignificant. Investment
balances at December 31, 1996 were entirely comprised of U.S. Government Agency
securities and at year end carrying value approximates fair value.
4. INVENTORIES, NET OF ALLOWANCE:
Inventories, net of allowance consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31,
-----------------------------------------
1996 1995
---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Component
materials ............. $1,313,092 1,343,453
Work-in-progress ........ 620,367 483,217
Finished
goods ................ 1,594,793 434,089
------------ ------------
$3,528,252 $2,260,759
============ ============
</TABLE>
F-8
<PAGE>
5. EQUIPMENT:
Equipment consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31,
----------------------------
1996 1995
------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
Computer and other equipment ....... $ 2,149,590 1,018,541
Computer software .................. 516,632 296,288
Office equipment and furniture and
fixtures ........................ 690,478 171,259
Leasehold improvements ............. 222,896 -0-
------------- -----------
3,579,596 1,486,088
Less, accumulated depreciation and
amortization .................... (1,542,699) (918,147)
------------- -----------
$ 2,036,897 $ 567,941
============= ===========
</TABLE>
Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1995, and 1994 was $624,552, $280,919, and $161,684, respectively.
6. ACCRUED EXPENSES:
Accrued expenses consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31,
--------------------------------
1996 1995
----------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Salaries and related
benefits .................... $ 799,415 $ 460,205
Professional fees .............. 121,977 92,312
Commissions .................... 137,747 95,805
Other .......................... 767,452 411,538
---------- ----------
$1,826,591 $1,059,860
========== ==========
</TABLE>
7. INCOME TAXES:
The Company's 1996, 1995 and 1994 income tax benefit consists of the
following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
For the years ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
------ ------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current:
Federal ......... $ -- $ -- $(180,000)
State ........... $ -- $ -- --
------ ------ ------------
$ 0 $ 0 $(180,000)
------ ------ ------------
Deferred:
Federal........ $ -- $ -- $ 122,599
State ......... -- -- --
------ ------ ------------
-- -- 122,599
------ ------ ------------
$ 0 $ 0 $ (57,401)
====== ====== ============
</TABLE>
F-9
<PAGE>
The differences between the United States Federal statutory tax rate and the
Company's effective tax rate for 1996, 1995 and 1994 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
For the years ended December 31,
----------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
--------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
United States Ffederal statutory tax rate ..................... (34)% (34)% (34)%
Increases resulting from state income taxes, net of federal
benefit ..................................................... (7)% (5)% (6)%
Accounting losses for which deferred tax benefit cannot be
currently recognized ........................................ 39% 35% 32%
Non-deductible expenses ...................................... 2% 4% 4%
--------- --------- ---------
Effective tax rate ........................................... --% --% (4)%
========= ========= =========
</TABLE>
The tax effect of temporary differences and net operating loss
carryforwards which make up the significant components of the Company's net
deferred tax asset and liability for financial reporting purposes at December
31, 1996 and 1995 is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31,
------------------------------------
1996 1995
------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets:
Accounts receivable ....... $ 72,311 $ 57,133
Inventory ................. 50,148 86,791
Accrued expenses .......... 76,063 79,201
Net operating loss carry
forward ................. 3,815,374 1,117,604
State taxes ............... 1,238,429 269,929
Tax credits ............... 153,375 14,089
Depreciation .............. 7,753 --
Deferred tax liability:
Equipment ................. -- (3,977)
Valuation allowance ............ (5,413,453) (1,620,770)
------------- -------------
Net .................. $ 0 $ 0
============= =============
</TABLE>
As of December 31, 1996 and 1995, the Company has available, for income
tax reporting purposes, unused Federal and state net operating loss
carry-forwards of approximately $12,460,000 and $13,204,000 respectively.
Such amounts expire through the years 2011 and 2003, respectively. The timing
and manner in which the net operating loss carry-forwards may be utilized to
reduce future taxable income, if any, will be limited by Internal Revenue
Code Section 382.
8. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS:
Effective January 1993, the Company adopted a defined contribution savings
plan. The terms of the plan provide for eligible employees ("participants")
who have met certain age and service requirements to participate by electing
to contribute up to 12% of their gross salary to the plan, as defined, with
the Company matching 50% of a participant's contribution up to a maximum of
3% of gross salary, as defined. Company contributions vest after seven years
of employment. The employees' contributions are immediately vested. The
Company's contribution to the savings plan for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1995 and 1994 was $110,592, $64,057 and $38,122, respectively.
The Company also maintains a profit sharing plan for the benefit of its
employees. Contributions are determined at the discretion of the Company up
to a limit of 15% of the total compensation of eligible employees, as
defined. No contributions were made for 1996, 1995 or 1994.
F-10
<PAGE>
9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:
The Company purchases certain components from sole source suppliers upon
which the Company has developed specific products. The Company does not have
long-term agreements with any of these suppliers. Although the Company has
not experienced any material difficulties in obtaining these components, any
reduction or interruption in supply or manufacturing from these third-party
contractors would adversely affect its ability to continue to deliver its
products.
The Company leases office space for its corporate headquarters under an
operating lease which expires in January 2001. The lease provides for annual
minimum lease payments during the first year of $300,000, increasing annually
thereafter by $7,500. The lease also provides for the Company to pay a
portion of common area costs as defined. The Company has two five year
options to renew the lease at terms as defined based upon fair market value.
In addition, $125,000 is held in escrow to be applied to future rental
payments. Such amount is classified as a long-term prepayment. The Company
also paid a $200,000 security deposit relating to this lease. Additionally,
the Company has leased approximately 11,740 square feet in Piscataway, New
Jersey for engineering and support staff related to its CSG group. This lease
expires in December 2001. Additionally, the Company has a lease on office
space in San Diego, California which expires December 31, 1999. Future
minimum lease payments under all leases at December 31, 1996 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C>
1997 ......................................................... $ 610,327
1998 ......................................................... 559,759
1999 ......................................................... 556,626
2000 ......................................................... 503,165
2001 ......................................................... 173,165
------------
$2,403,042
============
</TABLE>
Total rent expense for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994
was $537,329, $247,628, and $194,566, respectively.
10. STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY:
During 1993 and 1994, the stockholders of the Company approved amendments
to the Company's certificate of incorporation. The amendments included a
10,000 for 1 stock split and an increase in the number of authorized shares
to 22 million, of which 2 million shares are designated as preferred stock,
par value $.001, and 20 million shares are designated as common stock, par
value $.001. The preferred stock may be issued in series with rights,
preferences and terms as determined by the Board of Directors. These
amendments have been retroactively reflected in the accompanying financial
statements.
In July 1993, the Company sold 880,000 shares of common stock, to
unrelated investors, at $2.27 per share and received net proceeds of
approximately $1,969,000 ("private placement"). In connection with the
private placement, three executive officers of the Placement Agent and two of
its employees received an aggregate of 125,000 common stock purchase warrants
which entitle the holders to purchase 125,000 shares of the Company's common
stock at an exercise price of $2.72 per share. As of December 31, 1996, the
warrants are fully exercisable and expire in July 1998.
In September 1994, the Company issued 43,000 shares of common stock to
legal counsel as partial compensation related to services rendered in
connection with the Company's sale of its common stock and redeemable common
stock purchase warrants in an initial public offering. The value of the
shares issued totaled $68,800, and such amount was accounted for as a cost of
the initial public offering.
During January 1995, the Company sold 1,725,000 Units in an initial public
offering. Proceeds to the Company totaled approximately $6,900,000 before
expenses. Each Unit consisted of one share of common stock and one redeemable
common stock purchase warrant ("Warrant"). On January 1, 1996, 1,725,000
publicly traded warrants were outstanding. Effective January 24, 1996, each
Warrant entitled the holder to purchase one share of the Company's common
stock at a per share price of $3.50. Each Warrant was eligible for exercise
and could be called by the Company at a price per warrant of $0.01 under
certain circumstances. On May 22, 1996, the Company notified all registered
holders of Warrants that it had elected to redeem on or after June 28, 1996
all
F-11
<PAGE>
warrants outstanding on the redemption date. During 1996, the Company
received approximately $6,555,000 with respect to the exercise of such
warrants. In connection with the sale of the Units noted above, the Company
entered into an underwriting agreement which, among other things, provided
the underwriter with the right to acquire, for $75, a Unit Purchase Option
("UPO"). The terms of the UPO permit the underwriter to purchase, for an
aggregate consideration of $768,000, 150,000 Underwriters Units. Each
Underwriters Unit is identical to the Units noted above.
In December 1995, the Company sold 2,040,000 shares of common stock at
$7.50 in a secondary stock offering. Proceeds to the Company totaled
approximately $15,300,000 before expenses.
11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:
ROYALTIES PAYABLE
The Company's DSP products utilize certain proprietary technology
developed by three stockholders of the Company. In accordance with an
informal agreement, these stockholders received royalties based on the
Company's net sales. Effective September 30, 1994, two of these stockholders
("Stockholders") entered into a written royalty agreement which terminated
their informal agreements and their right to receive further royalties from
the Company. The Company also agreed to pay to the Stockholders the accrued
and unpaid royalties payable at September 30, 1994, amounting to $353,292, in
nine equal monthly installments, without interest thereon, commencing August
1, 1996. At September 30, 1994, the Company discounted this obligation at an
effective interest rate of 9.75% and has reflected the resulting discount of
$69,275 as additional paid-in capital. During the year ended December 31,
1996, 1995 and 1994, the Company recognized as interest expense $29,623,
$29,675 and $6,979, respectively. Such amount represented the amortization of
the discount.
LEGAL
The Company's outside legal counsel owns shares of the Company's common
stock and is a member of the Company's Board of Directors. Fees paid to this
counsel for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 were
approximately $70,000, $205,000 and $30,000, respectively, including $119,000
in 1995 for services provided in connection with the Company's initial public
offering.
MANAGEMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
During 1995, a member of the Board of Directors provided management
advisory services to the Company. Fees incurred for the years ended December
31, 1996, 1995 and 1994 were approximately $208,000, $125,000, and $13,000
respectively.
12. SALES:
Sales by geographic area for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and
1994 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1995 1994
------------- ------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
United States $11,476,056 $7,578,844 $5,608,080
Export Sales:
Europe ..... 705,230 928,986 566,253
Asia ....... 302,234 632,611 376,019
Other ...... 547,117 374,992 314,897
------------- ------------- ------------
$13,030,637 $9,515,433 $6,865,249
============= ============= ============
</TABLE>
During each of the years ended December 31, 1996, 1995 and 1994, one customer
purchased one DSP OEM product that accounted for approximately 32%, 14% and
13% respectively, of the Company's sales. There is no long-term agreement
with respect to the 32% customer in 1996. Such customer will receive
approximately $2.5 million in product during the first quarter of 1997,
representing all open purchase orders outstanding for such customer at
December 31, 1996.
F-12
<PAGE>
13. STOCK OPTION AND RESTRICTED STOCK AWARDS:
THE 1992 STOCK OPTION AND RESTRICTED STOCK PLAN:
During 1992, the Board of Directors (the "Board") approved and stockholders
of the Company ratified the adoption of the 1992 Stock Option and Restricted
Stock Plan (the "1992 Plan"). The 1992 Plan provided for a maximum of 600,000
shares of the Company's common stock to be issued to employees, directors and
consultants, as defined in connection with stock option grants ("Options") or
restricted stock awards ("Awards").
In April 1994, the Company issued 40,625 Awards, from the 1992 Plan, to
certain employees. The restrictions on these shares of common stock may be
removed as the employees meet a two-year vesting period or, in the event the
employee is terminated, shares of restricted stock which have not vested will
be returned to the Company. In consideration for these shares, the Company
received services and recognized a non-cash compensation charge of
approximately $41,000 in connection with the services rendered.
During 1994, the Company granted, from the 1992 Plan a total of 267,875
Options which entitle the holders to acquire an equal number of shares of the
Company's common stock at an exercise price per share of $2.27 or $2.45. The
Options vest over a four-year period, and expire in 10 years.
Effective October 31, 1994, the Board terminated the 1992 Plan and,
accordingly, no additional Options or Awards will be issued from the 1992
Plan. As of December 31, 1996, 220,725 options remain outstanding.
THE 1994 STOCK OPTION PLAN:
During 1994, the Board approved and stockholders of the Company ratified the
adoption of the 1994 Stock Option Plan (the "1994 Plan"). The 1994 Plan provides
for a maximum of 500,000 shares of the Company's common stock to be issued to
employees, directors ("employees") and consultants, as defined, in connection
with stock option grants ("Stock Options"). Stock Options will be granted by the
Board or a committee appointed by the Board (the "Committee"). Each Stock Option
will entitle the holder to acquire an equal number of shares of common stock at
an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date
of grant as determined by the Committee (110% of the fair market value for an
employee who owns 10% or more of the Company as defined). The Committee will
determine the Stock Option vesting period and expiration date not to exceed ten
years from the date the Stock Option was granted. The 1994 Plan contains a
provision whereby an employee, at the discretion of the Committee, may receive a
loan from the Company in order to exercise their Stock Options. The 1994 Plan
also provides for the Committee, at its discretion, to accelerate the vesting of
all outstanding Stock Options so that they become fully and immediately
exercisable. During October 1994, the Company granted, from the 1994 Plan,
150,000 Stock Options to three members of the Company's Advisory Board. Each
Stock Option entitles the holder to acquire one share of the Company's common
stock at exercise prices, per share, of $2.45 for 75,000 Stock Options and $6.00
for the remaining 75,000. All Stock Options are immediately exercisable and
expire three years from the date of grant. In connection with the Company's
initial public offering, the underwriting agreement entered into in connection
therewith prohibits the Company from granting future Stock Options at an
exercise price below $4.00.
All outstanding options vest over periods ranging from immediate to four
years and expire in ten years. At December 31, 1996, 388,900 options remain
outstanding.
THE 1995 STOCK OPTION PLAN:
During June 1995, the Board approved, subject to stockholder approval,
the adoption of the 1995 Stock Option Plan (the "1995 Plan"). The stockholders
of the Company ratified the plan on May 13, 1996. The 1995 Plan provides for a
maximum of 600,000 shares of the Company's common stock to be issued to
employees and consultants, as defined, in connection with stock option grants.
The provisions of the 1995 Plan are similar to the 1994 Plan. At various times
during 1996, the Company granted a total of 584,450 options which entitles the
holder to acquire an equal number of shares of the Company's common stock at
exercise prices ranging from $6.50 to $13.00. The options vest over periods
ranging from immediate up to four years and expire in ten years. At December 31,
1996 596,450 options remain outstanding.
F-13
<PAGE>
NON-PLAN OPTIONS:
During 1996, the Company granted 190,000 stock options to certain
employees and outside consultants. Such options were issued outside the 1995
Plan and entitle the holders thereof to acquire an equal number of shares of
the Company's common stock at exercise prices ranging from $6.50 to $11.625.
Such options vest over periods ranging from immediate to four years and
expire in ten years. At December 31, 1996, a total of 790,000 non-plan
options remain outstanding.
THE 1996 DIRECTORS PLAN
The 1996 Directors Plan was adopted by the Board of Directors on January
24, 1996 and approved by the stockholders of the Company at the Annual
Meeting of Stockholders held May 14, 1996. The Plan provides for the issuance
of up to 250,000 stock options to non-employee directors in the aggregate.
The Plan is administered by a committee appointed by the Board of Directors.
The Plan is effective for a period of ten years from the date it was adopted.
The Plan is not subject to any provisions of the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA").
During 1996, 36,000 options were granted at an exercise price of $9.50
to one director pursuant to the 1996 Directors Plan. Such options vest as
follows: 12,000 immediately, 12,000 May 14, 1997, and 12,000 May 14, 1998. The
ability of a grantee to purchase the common stock under the 1996 Plan is
terminated if his or her service with the Company is terminated, provided that
in certain circumstances the grantee or his estate will have the right to
purchase the common stock after termination of service for a limited period of
time. The right to acquire common stock is not transferable except in the
circumstances of death. In the event that a reorganization, merger,
consolidation, reclassification, recapitalization or capital adjustment
including a stock dividend or other similar change in the common stock of the
Company, equitable adjustment shall be made by the Company in the number of kind
and kind of shares that may be acquired under the 1996 Directors Plan. Common
stock that may be acquired under the 1996 Directors Plan may be acquired by the
surrender of other shares of common stock owned by the employee or the surrender
of an unexercised portion of the right to acquire common stock under the 1996
Directors Plan.
The Company applies APB No. 25, and related interpretations for stock options
issued to employees in accounting for its stock option plans. Accordingly, no
compensation expense has been recognized for the Company's stock-based
compensation plans other than for stock options granted to outside consultants
in 1996. During 1996, the Company recorded a total of approximately $383,000 of
unearned compensation related to options granted to consultants.This amount is
being amortized over the respective vesting periods, resulting in a $204,185
charge to operations for the year ended December 31, 1996. The exercise price
for all stock options issued to employees and non-employees during 1996 and 1995
was equal to the market price of the Company's stock at the date of grant. Had
compensation cost for the Company's stock options issued to employees been
determined based upon the fair value at the grant date for stock options issued
under these plans pursuant to the methodology prescribed under SFAS 123, the
Company's net loss and loss per share would have been increased, as shown in the
table below. The weighted average fair value of stock options granted to
employees used in determining the pro forma amounts is estimated using the
Black-Scholes option-pricing model for the pro forma amounts with the following
weighted average assumptions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31,
--------------------------------------
1996 1995
------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Risk-free interest rate ......... 6.38% 5.81%
Expected life ................... 4.3 years 3.0 years
Expected volatility ............. 60% 60%
Expected dividends .............. None None
</TABLE>
F-14
<PAGE>
Net loss and net loss per share as reported, and on a pro forma basis as
if compensation cost had been determined on the basis of fair value pursuant
to SFAS 123 is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31,
--------------------------------------
1996 1995
------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Net loss as reported .......... $ 8,801,457 $3,223,401
Pro forma net loss ............ $10,213,016 $4,088,960
Loss per share as reported .... $ (1.10) $ (.68)
Pro forma net loss per share .. $ (1.28) $ (.86)
</TABLE>
Pro forma amounts reflect options granted after 1994 and are not likely to
be representative of amounts in future years, as additional options are
awarded and vested.
There are no compensation costs recognized in income for stock based
employee compensation awards for 1995 and 1996. There were no modifications of
any outstanding awards.
For the three years ended December 31, 1996, option activity for the plans
was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Weighted Weighted
Average Average
Exercise price Options Fair Value
-------------- ----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Stock options outstanding at December 31, 1993 -- --
Stock options granted ........................ $ 3.07 417,875
Stock options forfeited ...................... -- --
Stock options outstanding at December 31, 1994 3.07 417,875
Exercisable at December 31, 1994 ............. 4.23 150,000
Stock options granted ........................ 4.86 958,300 $2.09
Stock options forfeited ...................... 2.27 (1,000)
Stock options outstanding at December 31, 1995 4.32 1,375,175
Exercisable at December 31, 1995 ............. 4.10 422,397
Stock options granted ........................ 8.24 815,450 $3.96
Stock options forfeited ...................... 4.02 (26,775)
Stock options exercised ...................... 4.05 (131,775)
Stock options outstanding at December 31, 1996 5.91 2,032,075
Exercisable at December 31, 1996 ............. $ 4.12 596,763
December 31, 1996 available for grant ........ 576,150
</TABLE>
F-15
<PAGE>
The following table summarizes information about the outstanding and
exercisable stock options at December 31, 1996:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Stock Options Outstanding Stock Options Exercisable
- --------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Weighted Average Weighted
Range of Shares Average Remaining Shares Average
Exercise Prices at 12/31/96 Exercise Price Contractual Life at 12/31/96 Exercise Price
---------------- ------------- -------------- ---------------- ------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$2.27 to $2.45 ... 295,525 $ 2.42 7.6 years 185,863 $2.43
$4.00 to $6.50 ... 908,950 $ 4.86 9.2 years 369,500 $4.65
$7.00 to $10.00 .. 700,100 $ 7.85 9.2 years 41,400 $7.00
$10.50 to $13.00.. 127,500 $10.86 9.5 years -- $ --
------------- -------------
2,032,075 596,763
------------- -------------
</TABLE>
F-16
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
ARIEL CORPORATION
By:
-----------------------------------
Anthony M. Agnello,
CEO, Chairman
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Signature Title Date
------------------------ ----------------------------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
- ------------------------- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman March 28, 1997
(Anthony M. Agnello) of the Board
- ------------------------- President and Chief Operating Officer March 28, 1997
(Brian A. Hoerl)
- ------------------------- Vice Chairman, Secretary and Director March 28, 1997
(Jeffrey M. Sasmor)
- ------------------------- Senior Vice President - Finance March 28, 1997
(Gerard E. Dorsey) (Chief Financial and
Accounting Officer)
- ------------------------- Director March 28, 1997
(Harold W. Paul)
- ------------------------- Director March 28, 1997
(Robert J. Ranalli)
- ------------------------- Director March 28, 1997
(Edward D. Horowitz)
- ------------------------- Director March 28, 1997
(Etienne A. Perold)
- ------------------------- Director March 28, 1997
(Mark D. Clayton)
</TABLE>
II-1
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 11
ARIEL CORPORATION
STATEMENT OF COMPUTATION OF PER SHARE AMOUNTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
For the Years Ended December 31,
--------------------------------------------------
1996 1995 1994
-------------- --------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Primary:
Net loss for the period ....................... $(8,801,457) $ (3,223,401) $(1,399,072)
============== =============== ==============
Weighted average number of shares of common
stock outstanding ........................... 7,979,249 4,739,083 2,993,011
Shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding
options and warrants ........................ -- -- --
Shares assumed to be acquired in accordance
with the treasury stock method .............. -- -- --
-------------- --------------- --------------
Shares used in computing per share loss ....... 7,979,249 4,739,083 2,993,011
============== =============== ==============
Net loss per share ............................ $ (1.10) $ (0.68) $ (0.47)
============== =============== ==============
Fully Diluted:
Net loss for the period ....................... $(8,801,457) $(3,223,401) $(1,399,072)
============== =============== ==============
Weighted average number of shares outstanding . 7,979,249 4,739,083 2,993,011
Shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding
options and warrants ........................ 2,788,136 2,966,641 221,000
Shares assumed to be acquired in accordance
with the treasury stock method .............. (1,667,337) (1,053,332) (142,159)
-------------- --------------- --------------
Shares used in computing per share loss ....... 9,100,048 6,652,392 3,071,852
============== =============== ==============
Net loss per share ............................ $ (.97) $ (0.48) $ (0.45)
============== =============== ==============
Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 64:
Net loss for period ........................... $(1,399,072)
==============
Weighted average number of shares of common
stock outstanding ........................... 2,993,011
Shares issued within one year or in
contemplation of the Company filing its
registration statement ...................... 374,989
Shares assumed to be acquired in accordance
with the treasury stock method .............. (202,617)
--------------
Shares used in computing per share loss ....... 3,165,383
==============
Net loss per share ............................ $ (0.44)
==============
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 23
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statement
of Ariel Corporation on Form S-8 of our report dated March 7, 1997, on our
audits of the financial statements of Ariel Corporation as of December 31,
1996 and 1995 and for each of the three years in the period ended December
31, 1996, which report is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Coopers & Lybrand L.L.P.
Princeton, New Jersey
March 27, 1997
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<CIK> 0000911167
<NAME> ARIEL
<MULTIPLIER> 1
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> 12-MOS
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1996
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1996
<CASH> 4,626,533
<SECURITIES> 5,999,377
<RECEIVABLES> 3,602,243
<ALLOWANCES> 212,678
<INVENTORY> 3,528,252
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 17,699,782
<PP&E> 3,579,596
<DEPRECIATION> 1,542,699
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 20,103,064
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 3,904,169
<BONDS> 0
0
0
<COMMON> 8,950
<OTHER-SE> 16,189,945
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 20,103,064
<SALES> 13,030,637
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 13,030,637
<CGS> 6,753,029
<TOTAL-COSTS> 6,753,029
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 15,823,446
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 36,552
<INCOME-PRETAX> (8,801,457)
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> (8,801,457)
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> (8,801,457)
<EPS-PRIMARY> (1.10)
<EPS-DILUTED> (0.97)
</TABLE>
